DOCSLIB.ORG

Grizzly Bear Denning Habitat and Demographic Connectivity in Northern Idaho and Western Montana

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Grizzly Bear Denning Habitat and Demographic Connectivity in Northern Idaho and Western Montana Authors Mike Bader, Independent Consultant, Ecological Research Services, Missoula, MT; [email protected] Paul Sieracki, Independent Consultant, Priest River, Idaho; [email protected] Author Contributions Study concept and design, literature review, funding acquisition, project supervision, manuscript preparation and layout: MB; ArcGIS, Maxent and R analyses: PS; Data curation: MB/PS; Model development: PS/MB; Methodology: PS/MB; Author Acknowledgments The authors thank W Kasworm, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and C Costello, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks for providing den site data; T Manley for his photograph of a den site; the Flathead-Lolo- Bitterroot Citizen Task Force, Nimiipuu Protecting the Environment and the Friends of the Clearwater for financial support; FW Allendorf and BL Horejsi for reviews of the manuscript. Any mistakes in interpretation or assumptions are ours alone. This report was produced under contract with the Flathead-Lolo-Bitterroot Citizen Task Force. Suggested citation: Bader M, Sieracki, P. 2021. Grizzly bear denning habitat and demographic connectivity in northern Idaho and western Montana. FLBCTF Technical Report 02-21. Missoula, MT. 33p. Credits: cover art: Katmai National Park; page 1: Interagency Grizzly Bear Committee (IGBC); page 2: Tim Manley; page 3: IGBC; page 6: Glacier National Park; page 14: Keith Hammer; page 19: Wikitracks; page 21: Bob Clark; Page 25(1): Lolo National Forest, J. Ward; Page 25(2): Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes. Flathead-Lolo-Bitterroot Citizen Task Force P.O. Box 9254 Missoula, MT 59807 https://www.montanaforestplan.org/ GRIZZLY BEAR DENNING HABITAT AND DEMOGRAPHIC CONNECTIVITY IN NORTHERN IDAHO AND WESTERN MONTANA Mike Bader Wildlife Consultant Paul Sieracki Geospatial Analyst/Wildlife Biologist Abstract––GRIZZLY BEARS (Ursus arctos) are protected in the contiguous United States under the federal Endangered Species Act. The conservation strategy for the species encourages population connectivity between isolated Grizzly Bear Recovery Areas through Demographic Connectivity Areas. Another goal is reestablishment of a breeding population in the Bitterroot ecosystem through natural immigration. Using the locations of 362 verified grizzly bear den sites, Maxent species distribution modeling and resource selection functions, we predicted 21,091 km2 (8143 mi2) of suitable denning habitats. Terrain features, distance to roads and land cover best explained suitable denning habitats in northern Idaho and western Montana. The results support the demographic model for population connectivity and independent of other factors there is suitable denning habitat for hundreds of grizzly bears in the Bitterroot analysis area. We suggest additions to the Bitterroot Grizzly Bear Recovery Area and that more effective motorized access management be applied to demographic connectivity areas. Key words: grizzly bear, denning, den sites, selection, demographic connectivity, dispersal, Bitterroot ecosystem, northern Rockies. Grizzly Denning and Demographic Connectivity 1 Denning behavior in GRIZZLY BEARS (Ursus arctos) is thought to be an evolutionary adaptation to long winter periods where natural foods are unavailable. The vast majority of dens are excavated and seldom re-used and den site selection and construction are improved through learning and experience (Craighead and Craighead 1972, Jonkel 1987). In colder regions grizzly bears may remain in the den for up to six months with cubs born inside the den. Grizzly bears enter a deep sleep during hibernation but can easily be disturbed and aroused while in the den (Craighead and Craighead 1972). Linnell et al. (2000) review the denning process finding in general that bears select for steep slopes from 30-50o with stable snow conditions and 1-2km from roads and human habitations while avoiding valley bottoms, exposed ridge tops and high peaks. Human activities within 200m of an occupied den can cause physiological changes such as Figure 1. A female grizzly in northwest Montana at the entrance to her increased heart and breathing rate, den. wakefulness and even den abandonment leading to increased cub mortality (Linnell et al. 2000). Other causes of den abandonment include collapse of the den roof, excessive moisture within the den and snow melt entering through the roof. Mid-winter den abandonment can be catastrophic for the bears involved. Craighead and Craighead (1972) observed that human intrusion during the denning excavation and pre-entry period could also have critical impacts. The selection by grizzly bears for steep and remote den sites is likely an adaptation to seek greater security while stationary in the den and vulnerable to attacks by humans and other animals and thus providing a selective advantage. Steeper slopes tend to be well-drained and provide overhead soil insulation which is enhanced by digging the den under a tree. Aided by gravity, removal of excavated soil and rock away from the den entrance would be easier on steeper slopes. Approximately 50,000 grizzly bears once inhabited the western US states but between 1850- 1970 these were eliminated from the vast majority of the landscape until 1000 remained (Mattson and Merrill 2002). Isolation was one of the factors cited when the grizzly bear was listed in 1975 as a threatened species south of Canada under the U.S. Endangered Species Act. Grizzly bears have since expanded their total numbers and distribution in response to recovery Grizzly Denning and Demographic Connectivity 2 efforts including the cessation of hunting, improved sanitation and road access management yet remain isolated as separate populations (USFWS 2021). Allendorf and Ryman (2002) estimate 5000 grizzly bears may be needed in a single population or metapopulation to ensure long-term viability. None of the current recovery areas are of sufficient geographic size to independently support that number of bears: the most recent population estimate for the US is 1800 (USFWS 2021). To achieve long term viability isolated populations must be linked while reestablishing a breeding population in north-central Idaho (Metzgar and Bader 1992, Allendorf et al. 2019, Allendorf 2020, Mattson 2021). The metapopulation has been defined as a collection of populations with some rate of interchange between them and the metacommunity has been defined as a set of local communities linked by dispersal or a “community of metapopulations” (Hanski and Gilpin 1991). Linkage of the isolated grizzly bear populations into a metapopulation would increase the probability of long- term survival (Allendorf et al. 2019). van Nouhuys (2016) wrote “Reserve design that is based in metapopulation ecology emphasizes networks of sites rather than isolated sites, with the implicit or explicit understanding that regional persistence of species will be greater in a network of patches within dispersal range than in isolated sites (unless very large).” The Conservation Strategy for Grizzly Bear in the Northern Continental Divide Ecosystem (NCDE) (USFWS 2018) designated two Demographic Connectivity Areas (DCA) to provide habitat for resident female grizzly bears and connectivity between the NCDE, Cabinet-Yaak (CYE) and Bitterroot Grizzly Bear Recovery Areas (BE) as shown in Figure 2. Grizzly Denning and Demographic Connectivity 3 There are two habitat-based models for grizzly bear population connectivity. The male-mediated model (Peck et al. 2017) was investigated for its potential to support maintenance of genetic diversity in the Yellowstone population based on long distance dispersals of male grizzly bears from the NCDE. This genetic rescue model might work to prevent further loss of genetic diversity in the long-isolated Yellowstone population depending on whether the immigrants breed and the offspring survive to breed. The other is the demographic model based on “stepping stones” of secure suitable habitats that are occupied by resident female and male grizzly bears within known dispersal distances (Mattson et al. 1996). Due to the much shorter dispersal distance of female grizzly bears (McLelland and Hovey 2001, Proctor et al. 2004, Graves et al. 2014), rather than a sprint, this demographic model relies on multi- Figure 2. The northern Idaho and western Montana study area. year dispersals or a genetic relay. This gradual process points to wider linkage areas where females can reside to promote successful inter-subpopulation movement (Proctor et al. 2015). The male-mediated genetic rescue model is not applicable to the reestablishment of a breeding population in the Bitterroot ecosystem where there is no population to supplement or heterozygosity to maintain. Therefore, we evaluate and discuss our results within the context of the demographic model whose ideal performance would enable consistent flow and occupation of habitats between core populations and serve as the source of female grizzly bears into the Bitterroot ecosystem. By definition, residential occupancy requires availability of suitable habitats in all four seasons. Therefore, the presence and identification of primary denning habitats is central to the efficacy of the demographic model and essential to explaining landscape potential and design of bear Grizzly Denning and Demographic Connectivity 4 management units with large secure core areas and motorized access management to lower open road density in the intervening areas. Denning habitat for grizzly bears has not been previously analyzed across the northern Idaho- western Montana region.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hydrogeologic Framework of the Upper Clark Fork River Area: Deer Lodge, Granite, Powell, and Silver Bow Counties R15W R14W R13W R12W By
    Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Montana Groundwater Assessment Atlas No. 5, Part B, Map 2 A Department of Montana Tech of The University of Montana July 2009 Open-File Version Hydrogeologic Framework of the Upper Clark Fork River Area: Deer Lodge, Granite, Powell, and Silver Bow Counties R15W R14W R13W R12W by S Qsf w Qsf Yb Larry N. Smith a n T21N Qsf Yb T21N R Authors Note: This map is part of the Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology (MBMG) a n Pz Pz Groundwater Assessment Atlas for the Upper Clark Fork River Area groundwater Philipsburg ValleyUpper Flint Creek g e Pz Qsf characterization. It is intended to stand alone and describe a single hydrogeologic aspect of the study area, although many of the areas hydrogeologic features are The town of Philipsburg is the largest population center in the valley between the Qsc interrelated. For an integrated view of the hydrogeology of the Upper Clark Fork Area Flint Creek Range and the John Long Mountains. The Philipsburg Valley contains 47o30 the reader is referred to Part A (descriptive overview) and Part B (maps) of the Montana 040 ft of Quaternary alluvial sediment deposited along streams cut into Tertiary 47o30 Groundwater Assessment Atlas 5. sedimentary rocks of unknown thickness. The east-side valley margin was glaciated . T20N Yb t R during the last glaciation, producing ice-sculpted topography and rolling hills in side oo B kf l Ovando c INTRODUCTION drainages on the west slopes of the Flint Creek Range. Prominent benches between ac la kf k B Blac oo N F T20N tributaries to Flint Creek are mostly underlain by Tertiary sedimentary rocks.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Survey Granite County Area, Montana
    How to Use This Soil Survey Detailed Soil Maps The detailed soil maps can be useful in planning the use and management of small areas. To find information about your area of interest, you can locate the Section, Township, and Range by zooming in on the Index to Map Sheets, or you can go to the Web Soil Survey at (http://websoilsurvey.nrcs.usda.gov/app/). Note the map unit symbols that are in that area. The Contents lists the map units by symbol and name and shows the page where each map unit is described. See the Contents for sections of this publication that may address your specific needs. ii This soil survey is a publication of the National Cooperative Soil Survey, a joint effort of the United States Department of Agriculture and other Federal agencies, State agencies including the Agricultural Experiment Stations, and local agencies. The Natural Resources Conservation Service (formerly the Soil Conservation Service) has leadership for the Federal part of the National Cooperative Soil Survey. Major fieldwork for this soil survey was completed in 1994. Soil names and descriptions were approved in 1996. Unless otherwise indicated, statements in this publication refer to conditions in the survey area in 1996. This survey was made cooperatively by the Natural Resources Conservation Service and the Montana Agricultural Experiment Station. It is part of the technical assistance furnished to the Granite County Conservation District. The most current official data are available through the NRCS Soil Data Mart website at http://soildatamart.nrcs.usda.gov. Soil maps in this survey may be copied without permission.
    [Show full text]
  • Squaw Rock a Proposed Montana State Natural Area
    University of Montana ScholarWorks at University of Montana Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers Graduate School 1983 Squaw Rock a proposed Montana State Natural Area Janet L. Illgner The University of Montana Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Recommended Citation Illgner, Janet L., "Squaw Rock a proposed Montana State Natural Area" (1983). Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers. 5952. https://scholarworks.umt.edu/etd/5952 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at ScholarWorks at University of Montana. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Student Theses, Dissertations, & Professional Papers by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks at University of Montana. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SQUAW ROCK, A PROPOSED MONTANA STATE NATURAL AREA by Janet L. Illgner B.S., University of Nebraska (Omaha), 1975 Presented in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts UNIVERSITY OF MONTANA 1977 Approved by: Chairman, Board of Examiners Dean, Graduate School / UMI Number: EP36753 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMT O isM rtM bn PublHUwtg UMI EP36753 Published by ProQuest LLC (2013). Copyright in the Dissertation held by the Author.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology of the Elliston Region, Powell and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana
    Geology of the Elliston Region, Powell and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2045 / Geology of the Elliston Region, Powell and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana By R. G. SCHMIDT, J. S. LOEN, C. A. WALLACE, and H. H. MEHNERT U.S .. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 2045 A description of rocks and structures in the region of the imbricate front of the Sapphire thrust plate, from a reconnaissance study UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1994 U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Robert M. Hirsch, Acting Director For sale by USGS Map Distribution Box 25286, Building 810 Denver Federal Center Denver, CO 80225 Any use of trade, product, or finn names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Library or Congress Cataloging-In-Publication Data Geology of the Elliston region, Powell and Lewis and Clark Counties, Montana : a de­ scription of rocks and structures in the region of the imbricate front of the Sapphire thrust plate, from a reconnaissance study I by R.G. Schmidt ... [et al.]. p. em. - (U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin; 2045) Includes bibliographical references. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:2045 1. Geology-Montana-Elliston Region. I. Schmidt, R.G., d. 1983. II. Series. QE75.B9 no. 2045 [QE134.E45] 557.3 s-dc20 92-42415 [557.86'615] CIP CONTENTS Abstract ................................................................................................................................ 1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Wolverines in the Western United States Biological
    Biological Conservation 166 (2013) 276–286 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Biological Conservation journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/biocon Developing priorities for metapopulation conservation at the landscape scale: Wolverines in the Western United States ⇑ Robert M. Inman a,b,c, , Brent L. Brock c, Kristine H. Inman a, Shawn S. Sartorius d, Bryan C. Aber a,e,f, Brian Giddings g, Steven L. Cain h, Mark L. Orme f, Jay A. Fredrick i, Bob J. Oakleaf j, Kurt L. Alt g, Eric Odell k, Guillaume Chapron b a Wildlife Conservation Society, 222 East Main Street, Lone Elk Suite 3B, Ennis, MT 59729, USA b Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, SE-730 91 Riddarhyttan, Sweden c Craighead Environmental Institute, 201 South Wallace Ave., Suite B2D, Bozeman, MT 59715, USA d United States Fish and Wildlife Service, 585 Shepard Way, Helena, MT 59601, USA e Idaho Department of Fish and Game, 3726 Highway 20, Island Park, ID 83429, USA f United States Forest Service, Caribou-Targhee National Forest, 1405 Hollipark Drive, Idaho Falls, ID 83401, USA g Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks, 1420 East 6th Ave., Helena, MT 59620, USA h National Park Service, Grand Teton National Park, Drawer 170, Moose, WY 83012, USA i United States Forest Service, Beaverhead-Deerlodge National Forest, 5 Forest Service Road, Ennis, MT 59729, USA j Wyoming Game and Fish Department, 260 Beauna Vista, Lander, WY 82520, USA k Colorado Parks and Wildlife, 317 West Prospect Road, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA article info abstract Article history: Wildlife populations are often influenced by multiple political jurisdictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Montana Gray Wolf Conservation and Management 2010 Annual Report
    Montana Gray Wolf Conservation and Management 2010 Annual Report A cooperative effort by Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks, USDA Wildlife Services, Glacier National Park, Yellowstone National Park, Blackfeet Nation, and The Confederated Salish and Kootenai Tribes MFWP by photo Liz Bradley This report presents information on the status, distribution, and management of wolves in the State of Montana, from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2010. It is also available at: www.fwp.mt.gov/wildthings/wolf This report may be copied in its original form and distributed as needed. Suggested Citation: Sime, Carolyn A., V. Asher, L. Bradley, N. Lance, K. Laudon, M. Ross, A. Nelson, and J. Steuber. 2011. Montana gray wolf conservation and management 2010 annual report. Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks. Helena, Montana. 168 pp TABLE OF CONTENTS MONTANA EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ......................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ..................................................................... 3 Delisting Efforts and Ligation in 2007 - 2010 ...................................................... 4 STATEWIDE PROGRAM OVERVIEW......................................................................... 8 Overview of Wolf Ecology in Montana ................................................................ 9 Population Estimation and Monitoring Methods .................................................. 11 Border Packs ........................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Granite County Long Range Plan 2020
    Long Range Plan Granite County, Montana Section I. Introduction Vision: Improve natural resources for the public and increase sustainability for agricultural producers within Granite County. Mission: To effectively address natural resource concerns with assistance from agricultural producers, partners, and concerned citizens. Purpose: This plan is intended to be a guide for future investment in the natural resources of Granite County. As a guide, this document will be reviewed annually and modified as needed to reflect changing resource goals and objectives. The Granite County Long Range Plan was developed by the USDA-Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS) – Philipsburg and Deer Lodge Field Offices, Granite Conservation District, and Granite County. The initial timeframe covered by this plan is five years, ending in 2025. Additional local partners were also consulted during the completion of this plan. Existing resource plans and management plans from partners have been referenced in completing this document. A full listing of resources can be found in the “Source” section. Partners in Natural Resources ● USDA Farm Service Agency (FSA) ● Clark Fork Coalition ● US Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS) ● US Bureau of Land Management (BLM) ● US Forest Service (USFS) ● Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks (FWP) ● Montana Dept. of Natural Resources and Conservation (DNRC) ● Trout Unlimited (TU) ● Ducks Unlimited (DU) ● Intermountain West Joint Venture (IWJV) ● Five Valleys Land Trust ● Soil and Water Conservation Districts of Montana (SWCDM) ● Montana Association of Conservation Districts (MACD) 1 | Page Section II. Natural Resource Inventory Granite County includes a diversity of landforms and ecosystems. The area contains an abundance of lakes, rivers, streams, wetlands and are dominated by forests, grassland, and shrub communities.
    [Show full text]
  • Wolverine Ecology and Conservation in the Western United States
    Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae • 2013:4 No. Thesis Doctoral Doctoral Thesis No. 2013:4 This thesis focuses on wolverine ecology and conservation in the western Doctoral Thesis No. 2013:4 United States. The thesis covers the wolverine’s niche, scale of effective Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences management, and conservation priorities; it also examines the institutional system in place for delivering conservation actions for non-game species like wolverines. The analyses presented include home range size, movement Ecology and Conservation in the Western… Wolverine Wolverine Ecology and Conservation in rates, social organization, density, dispersal, reproductive chronology, habitat the Western United States selection, and connectivity. This thesis provides information that can facilitate recovery and management of this candidate endangered species. Robert Michael Inman Robert Michael Inman received his Master and Bachelor of Science degrees from the University of Tennessee, Department of Forestry, Wildlife and Fisheries. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Sueciae presents doctoral theses from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU). SLU generates knowledge for the sustainable use of biological natural • Robert Michael Inman • Robert Michael resources. Research, education, extension, as well as environmental monitoring and assessment are used to achieve this goal. Online publication of thesis summary: http://epsilon.slu.se/eindex.html ISSN 1652-6880 ISBN 978-91-576-7761-7 Wolverine Ecology and Conservation in the Western United States Robert Michael Inman Faculty of Natural Resources and Agricultural Sciences Department of Ecology Uppsala Doctoral Thesis Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Uppsala 2013 Acta Universitatis agriculturae Sueciae 2013:4 Cover: F121 and two cubs of the year in the Gravelly Range of Montana, USA.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR MINERAL INVESTIGATIONS U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY RESOURCES MAP MR-96 PAMPHLET MAP SHOWING THE LOCATION OF PRODUCTIVE LODE AND PLACER GOLD MINES IN MONTANA By David Frishman, I.E. Elliott, E.E. Foord, R.C. Pearson, and W.H. Raymond INTRODUCTION mines that ceased production long ago, the list of commodities present is likely incomplete. For lode This pamphlet contains tabular information keyed mines having recorded production, not all the to the accompanying map. Table 1 lists site names commodities listed were necessarily recovered some numerically keyed to the map; sites are organized by may be minor elements that are listed because they county and numbered consecutively by mining district record the geochemical signature of the deposit. within each county. Site numbers were assigned Industrial commodities, however (like silicon or abrasive geographically by county with the intention of making it sand), are listed only when they were produced. Silver as easy as possible to find a particular number on the is listed as a commodity along with gold for aT placer map after the site name and number have been mines because we are confident that silver was produced identified in table 1. The site name listed is the one and, eventually, refined, even from those placer deposits that seemed to be most commonly used and is usually whose gold was of high fineness. the name of a mine (for lodes) or a creek or gulch (for Host rock type as given in table 1 is that from placers). In some cases, the name is that of a claim, a which the gold or gold-bearing minerals were ertracted group of claims, or, rarely, an exploration project.
    [Show full text]
  • The Prehistory of the Lolo and Bitterroot National Forests : an Overview
    The Prehistory of the Lolo and Bitterroot National Forests : an Overview TEEPEES AT NEZ PERCE PASS 1899' USDA F9_rest Service, Northern Region Lalo and Bitterroot National Forests 19-86 - C. Milo McLeod ---7 Zone Archeologist i Douglas Melton Archeologicaf Technician THE PREHISTORY OF THE LOLO AND BITTERROOT NATIONAL FORESTS (AN OVERVIEW) OR "MAKING IT IN A MARGINAL ENVIROM-1ENT THE PAST 10,000 YEARS!" JANUARY 1986 C. Milo McLeod Zone Archeologist Lolo/Bitterroot National Forests Douglas Melton Archeological Technician Lolo National Forest ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Anyone who has undertaken the task of researching and writing an "overview" is aware of the magnitude of the job. The authors have spent well over a year researching, writing, editing, and of course reediting drafts of this document. The project, however, could never have been completed without the support of many people both within and outside the Forest Service who either worked on or, from a management or supervisory capacity, strongly supported the project. Special thanks is extended to Dr. Ernestine Green, Regional Archeologist, who recognized the need for an overview of the Lolo and Bitterroot National Forests and acquired the necessary funds to accomplish the job. Special thanks is also extended to Orville Daniels, Forest Supervisor, Lolo National Forest, who has consistently supported the Cultural Resource Management Program since its inception. Thanks to Chuck Spoon, Program Officer for Resources, Lolo National Forest, and Dave Colclough and Chuck Troxel, Bitterroot National Forest, for supporting the project whenever required from beginning to end. Thanks to Marcella Scherfy, Alan Stanfill, and Dave Schwab at the ~bntana State Historic Preservation Office for reading and commenting on chapter drafts and providing encouragement as well as constructive criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Geologic Map of the Anaconda-Pintlar Wilderness and Contiguous Roadless Area, Granite, Deer Lodge, Beaverhead, and Ravalli Counties, Westefn Montana
    U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY GEOLOGIC MAP OF THE ANACONDA-PINTLAR WILDERNESS AND CONTIGUOUS ROADLESS AREA, GRANITE, DEER LODGE, BEAVERHEAD, AND RAVALLI COUNTIES, WESTEFN MONTANA By C.A. Wallace, D.J. Lidke, I.E. Elliott, N.R. Desmarais, J.D. Obradovich, D.A. Lopez, S.E. Zarske, B.A. Heise, M.J. Blaskowski, and J.S. Loen Pamphlet to accompany MF-1633-C CONTENTS Introduction 1 Geologic setting 1 Previous studies 4 Present study 4 Stratigraphy 4 Sedimentary rocks and deposits 6 Middle Proterozoic rocks 6 Paleozoic rocks 7 Tertiary and Quaternary deposits 8 Igneous rocks 8 Idaho batholith 8 Stock of Storm Lake 9 Plutonic Suite in the Anaconda Range 9 Other stocks, dikes, and sills 12 Volcanic rocks 12 Metamorphic rocks 12 Structure 13 Thrust faults 13 Sheet thrusts 15 Imbricate thrust faults 15 Out-of-syncline thrust faults 16 Folds 16 Fishtrap nappe complex 17 High-angle faults 17 Regional interpretation of structure and plutonic rocks 18 Description of map units 23 Quaternary and Tertiary deposits 23 Igneous rocks 23 Paleozoic sedimentary rocks 29 Middle Proterozoic sedimentary rocks of Belt Supergroup 31 Metamorphosed rocks of the Middle Proterozoic Belt Supergroup 34 References cited 35 FIGURES 1. Index map showing location of the Anaconda-Pintlar Wilderness and contiguous roadless area, Granite, Deer Lodge, Beaverhead, and Ravalli Counties, Montana 2 2. Geographic features in the vicinity of the Anaconda-Pintlar Wilderness Area, western Montana 3 3. Comparison of stratigraphic sequences mapped in the area of the Anaconda-Pintlar Wilderness Area, western Montana 5 4.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Miners Gulch Area, Granite County, Montana
    Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Miners Gulch Area, Granite County, Montana Gold Placer Deposits and a Molybdenum Anomaly in Miners Gulch Area, Granite County, Montana Colluvial Gold Placers Near Miners Gulch, Granite County, Montana Geology and Mineral Deposits of the Miners Gulch Area, Granite County, Montana A. Gold Placer Deposits and a Molybdenum Anomaly in the Miners Gulch Area, Granite County, Montana By JEFFREY S. LOEN, MICHAEL J. BLASKOWSKI, and JAMES E. ELLIOTI B. Colluvial Gold Placers Near Miners Gulch, Granite County, Montana By JEFFREY S. LOEN This volume is published as chapters A and B. These chapters are not available separately. U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1791 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director Any use of trade names in this report is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey. UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1989 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center, Box 25425 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Geology and mineral deposits of the Miners Gulch Area, Granite County, Montana. (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin; 1791) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Contents: Gold placer deposits and a molybdenum anomaly in the Miners Gulch Area, Granite County, Montana I by jeffrey S. Loen, Michael j. Blaskowski, and james E. Elliott - Colluvial gold placers near Miners Gulch, Granite County, Montana I by Jeffrey S. Loen. Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:1791 1. Geology-Montana-Granite County.
    [Show full text]