DATA COLLECTION SURVEY ON GEOTHERMAL ENERGY DEVELOPMENT IN EAST AFRICA

FINAL REPORT ()

January 2014

JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY WEST JAPAN ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS, INC. MITSUBISHI MATERIALS TECHNO CORPORATION

Data Collection Survey on Geothermal Energy Development in East Africa Final Report (Tanzania)

Acronyms and Abbreviations

ALOS Advanced Land Observing Satellite ASTER Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer AUC African Union Commission AfDB Africa Development Bank BGR Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources of Germany DECON Deutsche Energie-Consult Ingenieurgesellschaft mbH DEM Digital Elevation Model DFID Department for International Development DOE Division of Environmental EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EIB Europe Investment Bank EIS Environmental Impact Statement ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ETM+ LANDSAT Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus EWURA Energy and Water Utilities Regulatory Authority FCRS Fluid Collection and Reinjection System FEC First Energy Company Ltd GDC Geothermal Development Company GEF Global Environment Facility GIS Geographic Information System GPL Geothermal Power Limited GPT Geothermal Power Tanzania Limited GRMF Geothermal Risk Mitigation Facility GST Geological Survey Tanzania ICEIDA The Icelandic International Development Agency JEPIC Japan Electric Power Information Center JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency KfW Kreditanstalt für Wiederaubau LANDSAT Land + Satellite MEM Ministry of Energy and Minerals MNRT Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism NDC National Development Corporation NDVI Normalized Difference Vegetation Index NEMA National Environment Management Authority NEMC National Environmental Management Council PALSAR Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar RAP Resettlement Action Plan REA Rural Energy Agency REB Rural Energy Board REF Rural Energy Fund RPF Resettlement Policy Framework SIDA Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency SREP Scaling-up Renewable Energy Program SRTM Shuttle Radar Topography Mission

JICA WJEC and MMTEC

Data Collection Survey on Geothermal Energy Development in East Africa Final Report (Tanzania)

Table of Contents

I Framework and Policy of the Survey ...... 1 Objectives of the Survey ...... 1 Survey Area ...... 1 Background of the Survey ...... 2 Strategy and Methodology of Study ...... 3 Strategy of Study...... 3 Methodology of Study ...... 3 Process of the Survey ...... 8 Work Schedule ...... 8 Team of Analysts ...... 11 II Results of the Survey ...... 12 Energy Situation ...... 12 Electric Power Situation and Power Supply System ...... 12 Outline of Geothermal Resources ...... 13 Situation of Geothermal Development ...... 15 Geothermal Development ...... 15 Geothermal Licenses ...... 16 Support from International Institutions ...... 18 Promising Area for Geothermal Development ...... 22 Preliminary Survey ...... 22 Field survey ...... 46 Geological Information ...... 64 Geochemical Information ...... 76 GIS ...... 84 Selection of Promising Areas ...... 85 Estimation of the Geothermal Resource Potential ...... 92 Environmental and Social Considerations ...... 96 III Proposal of Future Assistance Plan ...... 99 Characteristics of Geothermal Resource ...... 99 General Flow of Geothermal Resource Development ...... 101 Proposed JICA Support ...... 103

Reference Appendix

JICA WJEC and MMTEC i Data Collection Survey on Geothermal Energy Development in East Africa Final Report (Tanzania)

List of Figures

Fig. I-1 Survey area ...... 1 Fig. I-2 North and middle of the rift valley and developed field ...... 3 Fig. I-3 An example of satellite imagery analysis over the East African Rift in Tanzania ...... 4 Fig. I-4 The flowchart for utilization of satellite imagery analyses in Phase I and Phase II ...... 5 Fig. I-5 Concept o