English Abstracts for Papers published in "` University Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences" Volumes: 1(1996) 9(2005)

Prepared by

Prof Dr. Saeed A. Ba-Angood Editor in Chief Associate Prof Dr. Mohammed A. Hussein Editorial Manager Engineer. Iman Sallam Mohammed Technical Secretary

December 2005

Table of contents

1. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES (Abstracts: Agric. 1-66 )

2. ANIMAL PRODUCTION (Abstracts: Anim.prod. 1-5 )

3. BIOLOGY (Abstracts: Biol. 1- 5)

4. CHEMISTRY (Abstracts: Chem. 1- 20)

5. ENGINEERING (Abstracts: Eng. 1-69 )

6. ENVIRONMENT (Abstracts: Env. 1- 19)

7. FOOD SCIENCES (Abstracts: Food Sc. 1-10 )

8. GEOLOGY (Abstracts: Geol. 1- 6)

9. MARINE SCIENCES (Abstracts: Mar. Sc. 1-13 )

10. MATHEMATICS (Abstracts: Math. 1-11 )

11. MEDICINE (Abstracts: Med. 1-49 )

12. METEOROLOGY (Abstracts: Met. 1- 7)

13. PARASITOLOGY (Abstracts: Pars. 1-2 )

14. PHARMACOLOGY (Abstracts: Pharmc. 1- 11)

15. PHYSICS (Abstracts: Phys. 1-7 )

16. RENEWABLE ENERGY (Abstracts: Ren. Ener. 1-3 )

17. VETERINARY (Abstracts: Vet. Sc. 1-3 )

1. AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

Vol. 1. No. 1

Abst.: Agric. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1 (1) 1996 : 13 25

Azadirachtin content of yemeni neem seed kernels (Azadirachta indica A .Juss: ) and its effect on the development and mortality of the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna. varivests Muls.

S. A. Ba-Angood, H. Schmutterer and K. Ermel Dept of Plant Protection, Nasir's College of Agric- Khormaksar P.O. Box 6172 Aden, e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Yemeni neem seed kernels were analyzed for the first time for oil and azadirachtin contents. The average oil content was 47.85% while the average azadirachtin content in the tested samples was 4.4 mg/g . The latter was compared with 3.2, 3.6, and 3.7 mg/g for samples came from Senegal, Benin and India, respectively. Several concentration of Azadirachtin from kernel extracts were tested for the control of the Mexican bean beetle Epilachna varivestis. 10-20 ppm of the tested samples of seed neem kernels gave very good control of the insect. The treated larvae showed reddish black spots on the dorsal side of the thorax and black legs, which are typical symptoms of the azadirachtin effect on the insect. This concludes that Yemeni neem kernels got a potential insecticidal effect for the control of some agricultural pests.

Abst.: Agric. 02A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1 (1) 1996: 11 20

Survey of the infestation of Varroa mite (Varroa jacobsoni) in honeybee colonies in the Southern and Eastern of Yemen Mohamed S.Khanbash and Ahmed S. Obad Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden Khormaksar , P.O. Box No. 6307, Aden, Yemen Abstract Varroa mite (Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans, 1904) is causing serious problems in beekeeping. The survey has been carried out on the period from August 1992 till May 1993 in the Southern and Eastern . The objective of this research work was to study the infestation of Vorroa mite in Lahej, Abyan, Shabwah and Hadramout Governorates, The survey included 32 apiaries of 2581 colonies. The results showed that the infestation of Varroa mite spread in all checked places in Shabwah and Hadramout, while there was no infestation of Varroa in some places in Lahej and Abyan. The rate of Varroa infestation was different from place to place. A high infestation of apiaries was found in Shabwah (95%), and Hadramout (86%) . While the infestation of Varroa mite in apiaries of Lahej and Abyan were 44.9% ; and 33%, respectively. It is recommended to carry a survey for the infestation of Varroa mite in different places of Republic of Yemen, and should implement the agricultural quarantine. We can break the spread of Varroa within apiaries, by the treatment of all honeybee colonies of the apiary and the colonies of the nearby apiaries, at the same time.

Abst.: Agric. 03A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1 (1) 1996: 21- 32

Effect of plant thinning dates on the growth and yield of Maize crop

Baswaid, A.S. ; Bawazeer, A.A; Ali, A, M; Alfageih, F. M. Agronomy Department. Faculty of Agriculture- Aden University

Abstract A field experiment was carried out at Nasser Faculty of Agricultural Science (Lahej /Yemen) during two

consecutive cropping seasons 90/91 and 91/92, to study the effect of thinning dates on the growth and yield of maize- variety Kenja 36-. The experiment involved 5 treatments with the following criteria: thinning with 14, 21, 28, and 35 days after planting. And one without thinning as a control. Randomized complete block design with 3 replications was used. The study results indicated that, the optimum date of thinning was 14 days after planting, that lead to increase in the plant height, leaf area, stake diameter ,and also in the yield and its components( 100 seed weight, plant yield ) compared with other treatments in both seasons. The increasing in yield /faddan were 78.4 % and 79.2 %-over the control; 62.5% and 68,6% over the late thinning (35days after planting ), respectively in both cropping seasons. In case of no thinning or late thinning treatment, there was a decrease in the density of weeds in maize crops, even though, it did not lead to increase of maize yield under the condition of this experiment.

Abst.: Agric. 04A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1 (1) 1996 : 33 59

The effect of phosphorus fertilization on plant growth and yield of three wheat varieties grown under coastal areas in Yemen H.A. Al-Kaff and A.M. Ba-Momin

Abstract This experiment was carried out at the EXP. farm of Fac. of Agric. Science, Aden Univ.; during 93/94, 94/95 seasons to determine the effect of four levels of phosphorus fertilizer (0-23,46,69 kg.P2 05/ fed, as triple superphosphate (46% P205) on plant growth and yield at three growth stages (tillering, flowering and harvesting) of three wheat varieties (Al-Ahgaf, Kalyansona, and Baftaim). A randomized complete block design, with three replications was used . To all treatments, nitrogen was added at a rate of 46 kg N/ fed. as urea (46% N). Results indicated that the wheat varieties differed significantly on plant height and plant dry weight. The maximum values were obtained from Al-Ahgaf, Baftaim and Kalyansna respectively, at the stage of harvesting, in the two seasons. Plant height increased significantly with increasing P rates up 23kg, and plant dry weight up to 46kg P205 / fed. at all growth stages. The interaction between P and varieties significantly affected the plant growth and plant dry weight. Number of spikes/plant of Baftaim variety surpassed those of Al-

Ahgaf and kalyonsona varieties. Whereas Al-Ahgaf excelled other varieties in the' number of grains per main spike. The addition of phosphorus up to 46kg gave the highest number of spikes / Plant, Whereas the addition of 23kg P205 / fed. gave the highest number of grains per main spike. The interaction between P and varieties had no effect on these two characters. The 1000 seed weight varied among varieties. Fertilizer application up to 46kg P205 / fed. increased the 1000 seed weight. Wheat varieties differed remarkably in grain yield / plant and grain yield fed. in both seasons. The highest grain yield was obtained from Baftaim variety and lowest from kalyansona variety. Application of phosphorus up to 46kg P2O5 fed. gave a significant increase in the grain yield/plant; and per fed. in both seasons. The interaction between P and Varieties had no significant affect on grain yield / plant and grain yield /fed. In 1993/94 and 1994/95, respectively.

Vol. 1. No. 2

Abst.: Agric. 05A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1 (2) 1996 : 11-21 Effect of phosphorus application on available phosphorus in soil, concentration in plant and dry matter yield Ali Mashhor Algunaid

Abstract A pot experiment was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden in 1992 -1993, to study the effect of phosphorus application on available phosphor in soil, P concentration in plant, P uptake and dry matter and to find out the critical threshold and toxic for P concentration in plant . Rates of phosphorus used in the study were 0,100, 150, 200,250, and 300 parts per million was set in a completely randomized design with three replications. Bermudagrass ( ) was used as test plant in soil. Available P was determined with Olsen, and EDTA methods. Dry matter yield, P-concentration and P- uptake in plant material was also determined. Available P extracted by both methods increased with further addition of P levels. Dry matter yield was significantly increased up to 100 ppm of added p-concentration in plant increased almost linearly with an increase in p levels added to the soil p - uptake by plant increased linearly in the added - P up to 250 ppm . Critical and toxic limits of p for plant growth were found to be below 2. 6 ( 0 . 26 % ) and above 4.4 ( 0. 44 % ) mg / g dry matter respectively .

Vol. 2. No. 1

Abst.: Agric. 06A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2 (1) 1998 : 13 21

Evaluation of some chemicals to control Varroa Mite (Varroa jacobsoni) during the presence of brood in honeybee colonies

Mohamed S. Khanbash and Assim M. Bin Taleb Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden Khormaksar, P. O. Box6307,Aden , Yemen

Abstract

This research work has been carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Apiary, University of Aden. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of three chemicals : Folbex VA, Apitol, and Apistan to control Varroa mite (Varroa jacobsoni) during the presence of brood in honey bee colonies. The result of this experiment showed that the Varroa mortality of Apistan increased significantly (p<0.01), compared with Folbex VA and Apitol, The treatment of Apistan killed 97.45% of the Varroa. While the treatment of Folbex VA and Apitol killed 73.66% , respectively.

Abst.: Agric. 07A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2 (1) 1998 : 23 33 A comparative effect of the osmotic pressure of the sodium choride and glucose on the uptake of water and germination of cowpea seeds(local variety) A.S. BA- Swaid, Ali K. Ba-Saba'a and A. M. Ali

Abstact This experiment was carried out at the laboratory of the plant Agronomy Section, Fac. Agric. Aden Univ, Lahej. To study a comparative effect of osmotic pressure of the sodium chloride and

glucose on the water uptake and germination of the seeds of cowpea local variety. This experiment included six treatments of the osmotic pressure of each the Nacl and glucose which are : 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 P. atom. Nacl 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8 P. atom. glucose. With three replicates in complete randomized design. The results obtained showed that the 4,6,8, P.atom of each of the Nacl and glucose caused the decrease of the water absorbed by seeds to 50% after one hour compared with the control, but after 24hours the imbibition, the water uptake decrease to 15% compared with the control, at the previously osmotic pressure of the Nacl and glucose. The osmotic pressure 1,2P. atom of each Nacl and glucose gave good percentage of germination more or less equal to the control, the decrease in percentage of germination began at 4 P. atom. of Nacl and glucose, and when the osmotic pressure increased to 8 P. atom. for the Nacl and glucose caused the fall of germination to 16% , 36% respectively, in the first days. For Nacl and glucose, in the saline medium, the osmotic pressure 8 P atom. and after 4 days of the germination, the percentage of germination slowly increased to 25% while in the sugary medium which has 8 P. atom., the percentage of germination increased to 98% after 4 days of the germination.

Abst.: Agric. 08A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2 (1) 1998 : 35 50

Repairing and maintaining agricultural terraces in Kuhlan-Affar area-Yemen

Salem O. Al-Ramah Dept of Soil & Water and Machanization Faculty of Agriculture- Sana'a University

Abstract The Yemen high mountain regions especially the western escarpment is famous for level bench terraces which had been designed and structured parallel to the counter lines. These terraces were built covering the mountain slops from top to bottom with increased surface area down slope. This region is characterized by erratic annual rain fall (300-500mm); in two periods; first during March- May and the second during July September. In spite of the relatively low rainfall, it commonly occurs in short duration torrential storms in most places of

the region; thus causing the erosion of the soil and destroying the agricultural terraces. Both water and wind erosion are positively related with soil structure, terrace slope, intensity of rainfall and wind characteristics. Agriculture in this region depends upon rainfall through the two rain seasons. Farmers mostly grow crops that resist drought like( sorghum bicolor). During sixteen and seventeen, these terraces have been degraded due to drought periods and abandonment because of labor immigration to cities and neighboring countries; which resulted in neglecting terraces repair and maintenance. The objective of this study was to repair terrace walls by increasing their resistance to wind and water erosion using a participatory approach . Available local materials, soils and stones were used to repair the terraces with the traditional method in which big stones are built at the bottom and small stones are put on top. The walls were slightly slanting to avoid erosion hazard. At top terraces which were previously repaired, water ways were built and enforced to decrease flood intensity running over terrace edges. Also a new method was tested to repair terrace walls, those which had been destroyed frequently using normal metal net available in local markets, to cover the terrace walls with different treatment as follows: i) Incorporating a portion of metal net into the terrace wall and stabilizing the rest outside the wall, in addition to that both ends of terrace wall were covered by boulders. , ii) Stabilizing the metal net on that terrace wall and cover it with boulders at one end of the terrace wall, iii) Stabilizing the metal net on the terrace wall and cover it with boulders at both ends of terrace well. Local grasses were planted on the terrace wall after repairing it and plant cover was grown which caused better fixing of the net parts within terrace body, this new method was found to be durable during the last rainfall seasons without any destruction of terrace walls . However, one repaired terrace which has been repaired using traditional method using stones only was partially destroyed. Repair and maintenance of terraces using the metal net, showed to be economical than traditional methods.

Vol. 3. No. 1

Abst.: Agric. 09A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3 (1) 1999 : 21-31

Effect of seed rate on dry matter accumulation in stem leaves and pods of sesame plant Ahmed Saleh Baswaid , Ali Aidrous Asskaf , and Amin Mohammed Ali

Abstract Two fields experiments were carried out in Nasser Faculty of Agricultural Sciences during two consecutive growing season 1995/96 and 1996/97, to study the effect of seed rate on dry matter accumulation in stem, leaves and pods of Sesame plant. The study involved four seed rates 2,4,6 and 8 kg of seed per faddan , The study showed that the four seed rates 2,4,6 and 8 kg of seed / faddan was not significant on dry matter accumulation in the different parts of plant during two growing seasons . The seed rate 8 kg of seed /faddan caused decreasing in the dry matter accumulation in stem, leaves compared with other seed rate 2, 4 and 6kg of seed /faddan, The dry matter accumulation of each stem and leaves approached to the highest value at the 10th week of planting at the seed rate 2 , 4 and 6 kg of seed / faddan , while at the 8th week - 8 kg of seed/faddan . While the dry matter accumulation in the pods increased according to the age of plant at the seed rate 2, 4, 6 and 8 kg of seed / faddan. But at the seed rate 2, 4 and 6 kg of seed/ faddan , the accumulation in the pods was bigger than at the 8 kg of seed / faddan.

Abst.: Agric. 10A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3 (1) 1999 : 33-50

Evaluation of some insecticides for the control of scale insects and mealy bugs in Yemen Tawfiq A. Hassan

Abstract Five E.C. insecticides including Diazinon (60% E.C.), Dimethoate (40% E.G.), Malathion (50% E.C.). Summer Oil (98% E.C.) and KZ Oil (95% E.C.) were compared for their efficacy against the California Red Scale insect (Aonidiella aurantij). and the Cottony Cushion Scale Insect Icerya purchasi) under standard lab conditions. The two insect pests were collected from the experimental station of the Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Emulsion stability tests under standardized conditions were carried out. Diluted water solutions of the tested insecticides were used to obtain LC50 values. Diazinon was the more potent, followed by Dimethoale, Malathion, Summer Oil (98%) and KZ Oil (95%) in a descending order. The advantages of using mineral spray oils alone is discussed to control these insect pests

Vol. 3. No. 2

Abst.: Agric. 11E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3 (2) 1999 : 13-21

The influence of wire net bottom on the control of Varroa jacobsoni and honeybee colonies

Mohammed S. Khanbash and Arif M. Ahmed Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden Khormaksar, P.O. Box No. 6307. Aden. Yemen

Abstract

The Varroa mite (Varroa jacobsoni Oudemans. 1904) is causing most problems on beekeeping in Yemen, The trails were carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Apiary, University of Aden. The results showed that the Varroa mortality in honeybee colonies with wire net bottom reached a mean 76.6 % during five weeks, while the Varroa mortality in colonies with normal hives was 10.9%. The treatment of Apistan killed 92.4% of the Varroa in the colonies with normal hives, while the Varroa mortality increased (98.8%) in the honeybee colonies with wire net bottom, when treated with Apistan. The results of this study indicated that the wire net bottom is a useful method to reduce the population of Varroa mite. and increasing the effectiveness of the acaricides to control Varroa mite,

Abst.: Agric. 12E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3 (2) 1999 : 23-29

Joint action of certain insecticides on the California Red Scale insect, Aonidiella aurantii (Mask).

Tawfik A. Hassan Plant Protection Dept, Fac, of Agric., Sana'a Univ. Sana'a, Yemen. Abstract

The Joint action of certain insecticide compounds summer oil (98% E.C.), Diazinon(60% E.C.) and Dimethoate (40% E.C.) was

investigated on a field strain of California Red Scale insect (CRS) Aonidiella aurantii (Mask), collected from the gardens of the staff member's campus of the Sana'a University at Sana'a city. The synergistic action of the mixture Summer oil + Dimethoate was clearly shown with the combinations LC25 + LC25, LC25 + LC10 and

LC50+ LC10. Slight synergism was observed with the combination LC10+ LC10, while the other levels of mixtures produced variable rates of additive effects. The mixture Summer oil + Diazinon showed the highest synergistic action. This was evident with the combinations LC10

+ LC10, LC25+ LC10, and LC10 + LC25. The combinations LC25 + LC25,

LC10+ LC50 and LC25 + LC50, showed comparatively lower levels of synergism. Slight rates of synergism were also detected with the combinations LC50+ LC25 and LC50+ LC10. In case of the mixture

Dimelhoate + Diazinon, the combination LC25+ LC25 was the most effective followed by LC50 + LC10, then LC10 + LC25. Other levels of potentiation were also detected but to a lesser extent with the combinations LC25 + , LC10, LC50 + LC25 and LC25+ LC50 . The additive effective produced with the mixture LC10+ LC50 and the only antagonism obtained was that of the mixture LC10 + LC10 . The data revealed that high levels of synergism were obtained by mixing low concentrations together. This showed that in preparing binary Insecticide mixtures, concentration-ratio relationships should be considered,

Abst.: Agric. 13A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3 (2) 1999 : 23-32

Response of maize ( as forage crop ) to different fertilizers Abdullah Abdulmageed Nagia H. Omer Intisar Muhfood Obad 1-Faculty of Education (Sabir)- University of Aden 2- Faculty of Agriculture - University of Aden

Abstract A field experiment was carried out at farm of Nasser Agriculture Faculty- Aden University - Lahej. This experiment took place during 96/97, 97/98 seasons to study the response of the maize to different fertilizers. Kenja - 36 has been used to carry the experiment and this is done by using five different treatments. These treatments are by using Control (Without fertilizers) organic manure, Nitrogen. Phosphorus and Potassium. Each treatment was done three limes and these treatments were done on six-meter square land. The chemical fertilizers were used as 23 kg/feddan and the organic manure was 10 tons/feddan. Statistical analysis by the method of ''least significant" obtained that there were differences in the studied characteristics like plant's length, stem's weight and green & dry yield. All these differences were significant and the organic manure gave the highest yield followed by nitrogen, potassium fertilizers respectively compared with the control treatment. There were no significant differences observed for the stem's weight, plant's length or no. of leaves. The chemical analysis didn't give any significant differences in the protein or crude forage and the ash percentage. Consequently, it was concluded that there was clear response to various fertilizers to the maize as forage especially the organic manure which is not expensive compared with other methods of treatments.

Abst.: Agric. 14A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3 (2) 1999 : 33-49

Effect of gebberellic acid and indol-3-acetic acid and sodium chloride on germination and growth of cow pea (Vigna sp.) and black grame ( Vigna mungo ).

Ahmed Saleh Baswaid and Amin Mohamed Ali Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden

Abstract

The experiment has been carried out at the Agricultural Plant and Agronomy Department, Nasser Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Aden, to study the effect of the different concentration of gebberellic acid (G3) and indol -3-acetic acid (1AA) and sodium chloride (NaCI) on germination and growth of cow pea (Vigna sp,) and black grame (Vigna mungo). The seeds of each were soaking in the solution of (G3) and (1AA) at the concentration 50, 100 ppm. The soaking seeds of each were divided into groups: - The first was germinated in non saline-medium. - The second was germinated in saline - medium. Another group of seeds were remained without soaking, they were germinated in saline - medium at the concentration 50, 100, 150, Mm/I. The experiment was involved 20 treatments of each species in randomized design with 3 replications.

The results showed that the NaCI decreased significantly the germination percentage of cow pea and black grame seeds. The NaCl affected on the seed - growth characteristics of cow pea and black grame. The length and green weight of these seedlings decreased significantly with the increasing of NaCI at 50 mM/1, the dry weight of cow pea and black grame seedlings were decreased significantly. Meanwhile the dry weight of cowpea and black grame seedlings decreased significantly at 100, 150 mM/l, The application of the (G3) gebberllic acid to two species grown into medium contained the NaCI, reduced the effect of NaCI on germination and seedlings growth characteristics. The concentration 50, 100 ppm of G3 increased the percentage of the germination, height and dry weight of seedlings of cow pea and black grame under 50, 100 mM/1 NaC1 levels. The application of indol-3-acelic acid to two species grown into medium contained the NaCI, not reduced the effect of NaC1 on the germination and seedlings growth characteristics, on contrary, it caused the falling of the percentage of the germination and growth of cow pea seedlings in high concentration of NaC1.

Vol. 4. No. 1

Abst.: Agric. 15E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000 : 103- 110

Effect of sowing dates on the occurrence of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and the Jassid Jacobiasca lybica on two different local cultivars of sesame in Yemen

Saeed A. Ba-Angood, Abdulla M. Ghaleb and Amin M. Ali Department of Plant Protection, Nasir s College of Agriculture, University of Aden, P. O. Box 6172, Khormaksar, Aden, Yemen

Abstract The occurrence of the whitefly Bemisia tabaci and the jassid Jacobiasca lybica, and their effect on two local cultivars of sesame were studied in Yemen in eight different sowing dates, each replicated twice in the period 1992-1996. The results have shown that early sowing in August and September though witnessed high numbers of the pests, gave higher yields compared to February and October sowing dates. The numbers of B.tabaci reached 70 per leaf and still didn t cause significant reduction in sesame yield. It is concluded that the pests though causing a lot of problems to vegetable crops in the area, have little effect on sesame yield that doesn t worth chemical control.

Abst.: Agric. 16E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (1) 2000 : 111- 120 Teratogenic effect of Qat extract and its combination with sublethal dose of Thiabendazole fungicide on male and female Swiss albino mice, Mus musculus domesticus

A.A.M. Thabet Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana a University,

Abstract Thiabendazole is a fungicide which is mainly used for the control of fungi in Qat trees and the possibility of foliage contamination with residue of this fungicide is expected. Such residue are serious risk especially when no safety period after the last application is maintained. The present study aimed to evaluate the teratogenic effect of thiabendazole, water Qat extract alone or as mixture on male and pregnant female mice. Mice were orally treated every other day with either 2.5 g/kg of water Qat extract, 1/10 LD50 of thiabendazole (381 mg/kg) or a mixture consists of 2.5 g/kg of water Qat extract plus 1/10 LD50 of thiabendazole on day 6th to day 18th of gestation. The results showed that all treatments had no effect on mortality. On the other hand, the gain body weight was reduced and the mixture had the more dramatic effect. Also, the weights of brain, liver, kidney and lung of male and female mice were increased, while the weighs of spleen were decreased especially when mice were treated with thiabendazole alone or as mixture. In addition, the results proved that the mixture had a higher reduction or the weight and the crown length of fetuses. In conclusion, the consumption of Qat contaminated with thiabendazole caused a loss of maternal body weight, fetuses body weight and crown length. The change in general parameters of pregnant mice may induce teratogenicity.

Abst.: Agric. 17A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (1) 2000 : 15-35

A study of some physical and chemical characteristics for the soil of the Faculty of Agriculture farm, Sana a University

Salem Al-Rammah Faculty of Agriculture - Sanna University

Abstract

The farm of the Faculty of Agriculture is located in the University of Sana a campus, at Sana a city. It s total area is about 22 hectares. The present investigation was carried out to study some physical and chemical characteristics of the farm soil. The investigation was conducted on the five hectares suggested to be cultivated by field crops and fruit trees. Samples of different horizons (0 - 30 , 30 - 60 and 60 - 90 cm) were analyzed for fertility and some physical and chemical characteristics. The results indicated that sand content in the surface layer exceeded 50%, however, the percentage decreased to 30% in the lower layers. The clay content was low in the surface layer 20%, and increased with the depth 46%. The electrical conductivity of the different depths were less than 0.50 -1 dSm . The soil content of Ca CO3 was relatively high, as it reached 10%. The soil was poor in organic matter 1.2% and soil total nitrogen content ranged between 0.04 - 0.168%. The available phosphorus 17 ppm and potassium 460 ppm content were high in the different layers of the farm soil. The soil was poor in Fe. Zn. The irrigation water total dissolved solids was 321.7 mg/L. The carbonate, chloride, sodium and potassium concentration were low. SAR was 1.38. It could be concluded from the results of the investigation that the irrigation water is suitable for most crops, as well there is a need to plan fertilization for both macro - and micro elements to fell the needs of field and horticultural corps.

Abst.: Agric. 18A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (1) 2000 : 37-48

The effect of the salt content of the water used in the spraying of pesticides, on the Albizzia Trees.

Tawfik A. Hassan Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Sana'a University - Yemen

Abstract The experiment was executed in the faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University. The water types used contained different amounts of soluble salts as follows: 1) 400 ppm, 2) 1200 ppm, 3) 2400 ppm and 4) 4800 ppm. The pesticidal treatments applied were: 1) Dimethoate (40% E.C.), 2) Diazinon (60% E.C.),3 Malathion (50% E.C.), 4) K.Z. Oil (95% E.C.), 5) Summer oil (98% E.C.), 6) Pesticide-free water, (as a check treatment). Pesticides were sprayed at the dose recommended by the manufacturer. The experiment was divided into 2 main plots, with each plot containing all the above-mentioned treatments. Plants in the first plot were sprayed 3 times while plants in the second plot were sprayed 6 times, at 10 days interval, during the growing season. After the termination of spraying in each plot, the percent of dissolved salts in the leaves of each treatment was determined. Also, the phytotoxic effect was estimated using a 0-4 scale, where 0=No phytotoxicity and 4=100% of the foliage affected. The results showed that the percent of total soluble increased significantly as the number of sprays increased from 3 to 6. However, this increase was not correlated with an increase in the phytotoxicity inflected on the plants. In the case of the Diazinon, increasing the salinity of the spray water did not increase the phytotoxic effect, while with Dimethoate the phytotoxic effect increased when the salt content of the spray water was 2400 and 4800 ppm. The effect of the salinity of the spray water was more pronounced with Malathion . The increase in the phytotoxic effect was 150% of that inflected when sweetable water (400 pmm) was used. These results clearly show the salinity of the spray water is not the principal factor affecting the induction and severity of the phytotoxic effect of pesticides. The chemical composition and the type of formulation of the pesticide have a more profound effect in this regard.

Vol. 4 No. 2

Abst.: Agric. 19A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (2) 2000 : 259- 269

Effect of the first time of mowing on growth , green and dry yield of sorghum

Nasser A. Saeed Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Aden University

Abstract This research was carried out at the experimental farm, Nasser`s Faculty of Agric. Sci., Aden Univ., in Lahej Gov., Yemen , During 95/96 , 96/97 Seasons to study the effect of the first time of mowing on growth, green and dry yield of sorghum. The two experiments included 5 different clippings (Cuttings) for the first time of mowing of sorghum: 40, 54 , 68 , 82 and 96 days after planting. The Second, 3- rd and 4 th clipping were cut after 40 days from the first time of mowing (Cutting). A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. The result obtained showed that: Plant height and leaf area for first clipping increased until the last cutting (82-96 days after planting) while the plant height and leaf area for the second , 3 rd and 4-th. Clipping increased by early cutting (40 54 days after planting). Green and dry yield for first clipping increased by late cutting to 82-96 days after planting, while this late cutting Showed effect for decreasing number clipping, Green and dry yield for the second, 3 rd. and 4- th. Clipping compared with early cutting (40 54 days after planting). Weight leaves in the first cutting increased by early cutting (40 54 days after planting) while early cutting showed increasing of stem weight for the second, 3- rd. And 4- th. Clipping.

Abst.: Agric. 20A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (2) 2000: 271- 281

Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on the green growth of Guava trees

Nagia Hassan Omer, Nasser Mahmood Moqbel and Abdulla Abdul Majeed

Abstract

Two field experiments were carried out at the farm of Nasser faculty of Agricultural Science in Lahej. During 1997 1998 seasons , the Guava trees Cerdar var. recently cultivated, were treated with 6 levels of nitrogen 0 , 50 , 100 , 150 , 200 , 250 gr. N./ tree , added to a fixed quantity of phosphorous and potash (50 gr. element of fertilizer tree). Nitrogen fertilizer was added three times in equal amounts during the year The following measurements were taken for all experimental plants during two years 1- Stem diameter in cm. 2- Plant height in cm. 3- Leaves number 4- Leaf area Results obtained showed that Guava plants were responding clearly to the nitrogen fertilizer during the first and the second year of cultivation in the main field as far as plant height, leaves number and leaf area, but as for the stem diameter there was no response The fertilizers application of 200 gr. N + 50 gr./P + 50 gr. K per tree gave the best results in comparison with the other treatment

Abst.: Agric. 21A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (2) 2000 : 283- 292

The effect of N and P application on the yield of Black gram (Vigna mungo) as monoculture and intercroping with (Zea mays , L)

A. A. Hassan and A. S. Baswaid Department of Soil and Department of Agronomy Agricultural Engineering and Agricultural Plant

Nasser Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Aden

Abstract Two field experiments were carried out in Nasser Faculty of Agriculture Sciences during two consecutive growing season's 96/1997, 97/1998 to study the effect of N and P application on Black gram yield as monoculture and intercroping with maize. Each experiment consist of four treatments: control, N, P and NP with three replicates, in randomized complete block design. The results obtained showed that NP treatment in the monoculture was the best in both yield plant and yield/Feddan in two seasons. There was a response for N but not for P when each used as single application. On the other hand, the control treatment gave high yield Feddan in the 96 1997 season ; meanwhile, the NP treatment in the 97 1998 season gave the highest yield , followed by the control treatment for the intercroping with maize. Generally, the yield of black gram in monoculture was better than in intercroping.

Vol. 5. No. 1

Abst.: Agric. 22E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 (1) 2001 : 103- 110

Effect of three plant oils (sesame, sunflower and castor) against stored grain insects (Trogoderma granarium and Sitophilus granarius . Tawfik A. Hassan Plant Protection Dept., Fac. of Agric., Sana'a Univ., Sana'a, Yemen

Abstract

Traditionally extracted sesame, sunflower, and castor oils were assessed as protectants of wheat and sorghum against Trogoderma granarium and Sitophilus granarius. The results obtained from the present study showed that all oils screened, protected wheat against T. granarium attack by reducing the oviposition or egg hatch or both. The three oils significantly reduced the expected emergence one month after treatment for all dosages used (5, 10,and 15 ml/kg seeds). At 15 ml/kg seeds, the insect failed to produce progeny. The ability of the three oils to reduce emergence of T. granarium in spite of high hatchability was due to larvicidal properties since the newly hatched larvae died before they could enter the seed. Sesame and sunflower at 10 ml/kg seeds were more effective against T. granarium than S. granarius. Effective control had been obtained at 15 ml/kg seeds of sesame and sunflower oils against S. granarius, but 10 ml/kg seeds was recommended for castor oil. Complete control had been obtained at 10 ml/kg seeds of sesame and castor oils against T. granarium, but 15 ml/kg seeds was recommended for sesame oil. Seed germination was not affected due to treatments of seeds by the three oils even after 6 months from application.

Keywords: Plant oils, store insects, Trogoderma granarium, Sitophilus granarius.

Abst.: Agric. 23E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 (1) 2001 : 111- 118

Population dynamics of Varroa jacobsoni mites on honeybee colonies in Yemen

Mohammed S. Khanbash Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden Khormaksar, P.O. Box No. 6307, Aden, Yemen

Abstract

The work was conducted to study the population dynamics of Varroa mite on honeybee in the local environment. The survey has been carried out on 9 Governorates (Sana'a, Aden, Shabwah, Hadramout, Al-Mahwit, , Abyan, Al-Hudaida and Lahej). The study of population dynamics during the year was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture Apiary, University of Aden, during August 1997-July 1998. The results showed that the rate of Varroa infestation is different from one place to another. A high infestation of Varroa was found in Taiz, while the low infestation was found in Aden. The high rate (64.4%) was recorded from brood cells included one mite, while the brood cells which included 2, 3, 4 mite per cell were 22.7%; 6.3%; 5.7% respectively. The workers brood cells which included five Varroa were not more than 1%. The infestation rate of drone brood was between 2.1 - 6.0 times that of workers brood. There is a significant correlation between the amount of closed brood workers and the population of Varroa mite in brood cells (r = 0.94).

Key words: Honeybees; Varroajacobsoni, Population dynamics; Yemen.

Abst.: Agric. 24A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 (1) 2001 : 1-10

The effect of N and P application on the growth and yield of maize as monoculture and inter cropping with black gram(Vigna mungo, L.)

A. A. Hassan* and A. S. Baswaid** * Department of Soil and Agricultural Engineering ** Department of Agronomy and Agricultural Plant. Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences , University of Aden.

Abstract Two field experiments were carried out in Nasser Faculty of Agricultural Sciences during two consecutive growing seasons 1996 / 97 and 1997 / 98, to study the effect of N and P application on the growth and yield of maize (var. Knega 36) as monoculture and inter cropping with black gram. Each experiment contained 4 treatments control, N , P and NP in a randomized complete block design with 3 replicates. Nitrogen treatment in monoculture led to increase in plant length , leaf area and ear height in both seasons. At inter cropping the N treatment was superior in plant, and feddan yields compared with other treatments in both seasons. In inter cropping , N application increased feddan yields in both seasons compared with nitrogen treatment in monoculture.

Key words: Soill fertilization , maize, Vigna mungo

Abst.: Agric. 25A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 (1) 2001: 11-18

Critical period for weed competition in Tomatoes(Lycopersicon esculentum Mill)

Omar Salem Bin Shuaib El- Kod Agricultural Research Station Agricultural Research & Extension Authority

Abstract Critical period of weed competition in tomato was studied for the two seasons 1988/89 and 1989/90 at El-Kod Agricultural Research Station in the Southern Coastal plain in Yemen. Treatments consisted of weedy or weed-free conditions for the first 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90 days after transplanting (d. a. t) in addition to weedy or weed - free conditions up to harvest. Competition with weeds during the entire crop season caused tomato yield reduction of 78.4 %. Competition from weeds during the first 15 (d. a. t) had no significant effect on the tomato yield. Competition beyond 15 d. a. t caused drastic reduction in the fruit yield which decreased gradually with the increase in the duration of competition (r = - 0.87). Fruit yield of tomatoes increased significantly with the increase of weed - free period up to 30 d.a.t only with same improvement in the yield for the 90 days and up to harvest during the two seasons. It was found that the period 15 to 30 d. a. t, is to be the most important for crop weed competition in tomatoes

Key words: Tomato ; critical period ; competition ; manual weeding.

Abst.: Agric. 26A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 (1) 2001 : 19-33

Effect of constant and alternating temperature on germination and seedling vigorous of some maize varieties A. A. Hamed and A. A. Noman Nasser Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Aden

Abstract A laboratory experiment was conducted to determine the influence of temperature (constant and alternating) on germination and seedling vigorous of some local varieties of maize. The trails were established at the Agronomy and Botany Department of Agricultural Nasser Faculty during summer 1999. The experiment included 4 varieties of maize (Kenja 36, Tehama 1, Taiz 2 and American Early) and 2 levels of constant temperature (20 and 30° C), in addition to an alternating temperature (20-30° C). It was found that high rates of germination and seedling vigorous were obtained by using constant temperature (30° C ) followed by alternating temperature. In contrast with the constant temperature (20° C) where high rate of irregular seedlings was observed . The two varieties Taiz 2 and American Early showed high response to the temperatures constant (30°C) and the alternating which reflected positively on S/R Ratio, dry and fresh weight of seedlings comparing with the other varieties which responded only to the constant temperature (30° C). It was included that constant temperature (30° C) was the most important for germination and development of maize.

Key words: Temperature, local varieties, Zea mays

Abst.: Agric. 27A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 (1) 2001 :35-44

Effect of plant density on some agronomic characters and growth development of medium - staple cotton Alfageih , F. M.1 Baswaid , A. S. 1 Atroosh, K. B.2 1 Faculty of Agriculture-Aden University 2 Agricultural Research and Extension Authority - Dhamar Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at Nasser Faculty of Agricultural Science (Lahej Governorate / Yemen) during two consecutive cropping seasons 97/98 and 98/99. to study the effect of plant density on the flowering , growth stages , plant height of cotton and the development of cotton growth. Correlation between plant density and flowering is determined. The experiment involved four plant density (between rows and plants) 70 x 40 , 70 x 30 ,70 x 20 , 70 x 10 cm and was planted with the medium - staple variety , Acala SJ - 2 . Randomized complete block design with four replications was used . The results indicated that number of days from planting date to first boll opening increased by increasing plant density while plant height decreased by increasing plant density . The optimal plant density of cotton was obtained at plant spacing of 70 cm between rows and 40 cm between plants .

Key words : Plant density, cotton, Lahj Region

Abst.: Agric. 28A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 (1) 2001 : 45-51

Comparative study of some varieties of sesame Sesavtum indicum on the growth and yield under Tuban valley condition

Ahmed S. Baswaid, Mohsen A. Ahmed and Amin M. Ali Department of Agronomy and Agricultural - plant Naser Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Univ of Aden

Abstract

A field experiment was carried at Nasser Faculty of Agriculture, Aden University during two consecutive growing seasons 94/1995 and 95/1996 to compare between some varieties of sesame on the growth and yield. The experiment involved local varieties such as Lahej, Tahama, Sayuon and Mareb; and Kanana from Sudan. The variety Lahej used as control. Randomized complete block design with 5 replications. The result indicated that the plant height of the varieties Lahej, Tahama and Sayuon increased significantly compared with two varieties Mareb and Kanana on both seasons. The variety Tahama gave the great number of the branches and total pods compared with the control (Lahej) and other varieties on both seasons. The variety Sayuon has the highest value of the plant yield, 1000 seeds weight and yield per Faddan on both seasons.

Key words:- Sesame, local varieties , Lahej region, Tuban Valley

Vol. 5. No. 2

Abst.: Agric. 29E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 (2) 2001 : 355- 360

Critical period for weed competition in Onions ( AIlium ceapa L.) Omar Salcm Bin Shuaib El-Kod Agricultural Research Station-Agricultural Research & Extension Authority

Abstract A field experiment was designed to determine the critical period of crop/weed competition in onions. The trials were established at El- kod Agricultural Research Station in the Southern Coastal plain of Yemen during 1988/89 and 1989/90 seasons. Treatments consisted of weedy or weed- free conditions for the first 15,30,45,60,75,90 days after transplanting as well as of weedy or weed- free conditions up to harvest. Amaranthus graecizans L.Echinochloa colonum L.,Chloris barbata L., Dactyloctemium aegyptium L.,Solanum duduium Fres.,Cynodon dactylm Lpres, and Cyprus rotundus L. were the major weed species. Competition from weed during the first 15 days after transplanting (d.a.t.) had no significant effect on the bulb yield of onions. Competition beyond 15 d.a.t. caused drastic reduction in the bulb yield which decreased gradually with the increase in the duration of competition (r= - 0.98), Bulb yield of onions increased significantly with the increase of weed - free period up to 45 d.a.t. only during the two seasons. The period during 15 to 45 d.a.t was found to be the most important for crop/weed competition in onions.

Key words: Onion ; critical Period ; competition ; weeds ; manual weeding.

Abst.: Agric. 30A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5 ( ) 1 : 229- 244

Effect of temperature and light accumlations on flowering and production of three local cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa , L)

A. Al-khaffaf, Th. K. Merzah and A. O. Hujairy Girls Education College Al-Koufah University- Iraq

Abstract An experiment was conducted to study the effect of temperature and light accumulations (which resulted from growing plant and different sowing dates). On the vegetative; flowering and yield parameters for three rice cuttivars Oryza sativa, 1. at two locations, Abbasyia and Hira, Najaf. Factorial experiment with spilt - plot - Design was used with three replications. Main plots included three cultivars (Mushkhab 1, Anber33

and IPA1). Sub - plots included sowing dates that were randomly distributed and applied from 15/5/1998. Sowing dates resulted in the following: 1621: 1524 and 1342 heat units and 1795; 1679 and 1494 light hours for cv, Mushkhab 1. AndI524; 1342 and 990 h.u. And 1679; 1494 and 1117 1.h.2 for cv, Amber33. And 1524; 1342 and 1158 and h. u. and 1679; 1494 and 1307l.h.For cv.IPAI. Heat accumulations were calculated by determining mean day temperature (C°) on adase 20 C° while, light accumulation were determined and on the base of daily sun light during the 24 hours. This experiment revealed that: 1- There were significant effects for both heat and light accumulations during the whole growing period on the flowering and yield, particularly, spike emergence and both repining and harvests periods. 2- There was a slight effect for the two locations in general, on the tested cultivars during the different growing periods in respect to their flowering growth parameters. 3- Cultivars showed different growth stages as an effect of temperature and light accumulations. 4- IPA1 cultivar, produced the least floret number; the largest seed number and the highest setting percentage per spike at harvest compared to the other cultivars. 5- Temperature and light accumulations that were resulted this experiment gave significant effects on the yield. The highest yield was 525.3 g/m2. resulted from 1556 h.u. and 1718 l.h., and the least yield was 292.1 g/m2' gained from 1163 h.u. and 1306 l.h. 6- The highest yield for cv. MishkhabI was 456.0 g/m2 correlated with 1621 h.u. and 1795 l.h. respectively , while, the highest yield for cv. Anber33 was 462.4 g/m2 correlated with 1342 h.u and 1494l.h. respectively. The highest amount of yield was obtained from cv. IPA1 was 780.1 g/m2 that resulted from 1524 h.u. and 167l.h. Respectively.

Keywords: heat units, light hours, rice

Vol. 6. No. 1

Abst.: Agric. 031A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (1) 2002 : 1-14 Effect of biofertilizer inorganic, organic and foliar application of Power 4 on the productivity of onion H.A. Alkaff O. S. Saeed and A. Z. Salim

Abstract

This experiment was carried out at the Exp. Farm of the Fac. of Agric. Science, Aden Univ. during 98/99, 2000/2001 seasons to determine the effect of biofertilizer (Halex 2), which contains a mixture of bacteria Azospirillum, Azotobacter, and Klebsiella, as a mixed biofertilizer), mineral fertilizer (100 kg urea + 50 kg triplesuperphosphate / fed. )and Farmyard Manure (FYM) with or without foliar application with Power 4; on bulb yield Baftaim onion cultivar. Eleven treatments were exploited at a randomized complete block design with three replications. The application of fertilizers significantly increased diameter and height of onion bulb. The highest increment in diameter and height of bulb (14.2, 12.3 %)were recorded with mineral fertilizer., while the increment in diameter and height of bulb (10.3, 8.4%) were recorded with biofertilizer application. The results indicated that onion bulb weight, total yield /fed. increased significantly with fertilizers application. The highest rate of increase in bulb weight (44 %) recorded with the application of mineral fertilizer followed by biofertilizer and FYM ,and total yield /fed. , (21.76 %) was recorded with the application of FYM . followed by mineral fertilizer and biofertilizer without significant difference between the added fertilizers. The addition of 6g Power 4 decreased all the measured characters for all treatments where foliar application was used, compared with the treatments without using foliar applicalion. The use of biorertilizer for onion production can be recommended to reduce mineral fertilizers without reducing the productivity, to save the high cost of chemical fertilizers, and lo decrease pollution, as welt as to decrease pollution. Key words : Biofertilizer, organic fertilizer, mineral fertilizer, micronutrients.

Abst.: Agric. 32A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (1) 2002: 33-40

The effect of some phosphorous fertilizers on the quality and yield of Zea mays. H. N. AL-Farhan * D.F.AL-Rawi ** * Bio. Dept. College of Education (), Sana'a Univ. ** Bio. Dept. College of Education. AL-Anbar Univ, Iraq,

Abstract

This Experiment was carried out at the field of the Technical Secondary School, Ramadi City, AL-Anbar, Iraq, during spring season of 1994. The objectives of this research were to study the effect of some Phosphoric fertilizers on the quality and corn yield (Zea mays L.) Var. Composite 106. A Factorial experiment in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates was used for the following treatments; (Phosphoric acid PA, Monoammonioum Phosphate MAP, Compound Fertilizer NP, Triple Super Phosphate TSP) by using three levels: 0, 40, 80 kg p/ha, The Yield components (yield of plant, weight of 100 grains, total of grain yields, protein percentage and oil percentage) increased significantly by using phosphoric fertilizer. The results showed that PA treatment gave the highest response among the fertilizer sources as the following: PA >MAP>NP>TSPI

Key words: Phosphorous fertilizers ; Zea mays ; Iraq.

Abst.: Agric. 033E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (1) 2002 : 109- 118

Study of the tolerance mechanism of Yemeni honeybee Apis mellifera jemenitica to Varroa jacobsoni Oud.

Mohammed S, Khanbash Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden, Khormaksar, P.O. Box No. 6307, Aden. Yemen

Abstract Three trials were conducted to study the mechanisms of Yemeni honeybee tolerance to Varroa mite (Grooming, hygienic behavior and length of post - capping stage). The experiments were carried out on three Governorates; Lahej, and Hadramout. The results showed that the number of damaged mites was different from one month to another. A significant correlation between the development of Varroa infestation in honeybee colonies during the year, and the percentage of damaged mites was found, r =0.88. The length of post - capping stage was significantly shorter in the colonies of Lahej and Hadramoul than the colonies of Ibb. The differences within individual colonies ranged between 15 - 17 hours. A good correlation between the duration of the capped period and the infestation level with Varroa mite can be recognized (r = 0.86). All colonies in the three tested governorates removed the killed brood within 36 hours. However, most of the

colonies (80%) removed the killed brood within 24 hours. A strong correlation (r = 0.90) was shown between the duration of the removal of dead capped - brood and the final Varroa mite infestation. The results showed that the effect of the difference in damaged mite, capped period and the cleaning period is surprisingly high and underlines the importance of these parameters for determining the type of relationship between Varroa and the Yemeni honeybees. This concludes that the Yemeni honeybees got high capabilities for Varroa resistance. Keywords: Apis mellifera jemenitica. Varroa tolerance, grooming behavior, Hygienic behavior, post- capping period.

Vol. 6. No. 2

Abst.: Agric. 34A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (2) 2002: 261- 277

Survey of termite species and methods for its control in city and some locations around it Salah Salem Gerbel Agric. Extension Dept. Mukalla- Yemen -P. O. Box: 50138

Abstract

Termites are one of important insect pests, that cause large economic damages to agricultural crops and buildings. The objective of this research work was to know the size and sort of economic damage, and methods of control used in the city of Mukaila and surrounding locations. Results showed that termites, in fact, did not harm agricultural crops, but causal losses and damage to buildings, house furniture .... etc. There are three specie of termites in the surveyed locations. These are: Heterotermes aethiopicus, Microcrotermes diversus, Reticulitermes spp. There are some species of trees that show weak response to infestation wit termites, e.g. the neem tree Azadirachta indica. The Questionnaire also showed different methods used for termite control, in different locations.

Keywords: Al Mukalla , survey, termites

Abst.: Agric. 35A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (2) 2002 : 279- 285

Effect of plant density on growth and yield of cotton F. M. Alfaqeih , A. M. Ali and A. S. Baswaid. Agron. Dept., Faculty of Agriculture , Aden University

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural science, University of Aden in Lahej - Yemen, during two consecutive cropping seasons 98/99 and 99/2000, to study the effect of plant density on growth and yield of cotton. The experiment involving four plant density, 14000, 20000, 30000, 60000 plants /feddan resulted from the sowing at 70 × 40, 70× 30, 70 × 20, 70× 10cm, respectively and was planted with the medium - staple cotton variety, ACALA.SJ-2. The treatments were arranged in a randomized complete block design with four replications used. The results indicated that heights of the first sympodium and the lowest boll set are very important indices for determining the size of cotton loss at mechanical harvesting. The height of the first fruiting branch on me stem, the lowest boll set and stem height were increased when plant density had increased. However, the number of fruiting branches, the number of flowers, the number of bolls and yield /plant decreased by increasing plant density.

Keywords: Cotton plant, plant density, growth, yield.

Abst.: Agric. 36A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (2) 2002 : 287- 296 Inherited sterility in the Greater Wax Moth adults, Galleria mellonella A.A. AL-Taweel* ; N.K. AL-Tememi * and A.M. AL-Ali ** * Agric. & Biol. Res. Center P. O Box 765. Baghdad, Iraq. ** Univ. of Baghdad/ College of Agriculture, Dept. of Plant Protection

Abstract

Inherited sterility was investigated in laboratory strain of Galleria mellonella by exposing the late pupa to several doses of gamma radiation (0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 kGy), and the effect in the offspring were followed to F2 generation. Results showed that exposing the late pupa to the above doses lead to inherited sterility for resulted adults of different percentages. The percent of egg hatch reached 0% for Fl progenies produced from normal females mated to irradiated males and mated as follows: Fl female x normal male & Fl male x Fl female, for doses of 0.15 and 0.20 kGy respectively.

Keywords: Inherited sterility , greater wax moth Galleria nellonella

Vol. 6. No. 3

Abst.: Agric. 37A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 ( ) 2002: 465- 475

Effect of the plant density on the dry matter of leaves, stems and fruits in the cotton plants variety Acala S. J. 2

A.S. Baswaid , F.M. Alfaqeih and A.M. Ali Agro.Dept.Faclty of Agriculture- Aden University

Abstract Two field experiments were carried out in Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences during two consecutive growing seasons 97 / 1998 and 98 / 1999 to study the effect of four different treatments of the plant density on the dry matter in leaves, stems and fruits of the cotton plant variety Acala S. J. 2. This experiment included four treatments of the spacing which are: 70 × 40 , 70× 30 , 70 ×20 and 70× 10 cm. which gave 14000 , 2000 , 3000 and 60000 plant / feddan, with four replications randomized complete block design. 1- The study showed that the four plant density of the cotton plant were significant on dry matter in different parts of plant during the two growing seasons. The dry matter in each of the leaves, stems and fruits reached to the high value in 12th weak and then it decreased in 14th weak in the different plant densities under study. The low plant density [ 14000 plant/ feddan ] approached to the highest value of the dry matter in each leave stem and fruit , while the dry matter in different parts of the plant reached to lowest value in high plant density [ 60000 / feddan]. 2- The dry matter in fruits increase according to the age of plant at the different plant densities. The dry matter in the fruits decreased with increasing the plant density to [ 60000 / feddan ]. The dry matter in fruits approached to highest value [ 304.50 , 265.30 gm ] at the low plant density [ 14000 plant / feddan ], while the high plant density [ 60000 plant / feddan ] the dry matter in the fruits was [ 70.20 , 55.24 gm ] at the 14th weak at two growing seasons.

Key words: Cotton , plant density , dry matter.

Abst.: Agric. 38A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (3) 2002 : 477- 495

Effect of sodium salts on germination and seedlings growth of four wheat cultivars Ali Kh. Basbaa Dep. of Agronomy and Agri. Plant, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden.

Abstract A laboratory experiment was carried out at the Laboratory of Agronomy and Agricultural Plant, Faculty of Agriculture, Aden University, to study the effect of different concentrations of sodium salts on germination and seedlings growth of four wheat cultivars. The experiment included 52 treatments which were the combination of four local cultivars of wheat (Radfan, Syeon, Syri Aljouf and Dhamar) , four sodium salts (NaCl, Na2SO4, NaHCO3, and Na2CO3) and four levels of each salt (0, 50, 100 and 150 m.mol/ 1). Completely randomized design with three replications was used. The results could be summarized as follows: 1) The high levels of NaCl and Na2SO4 (100, 150 m.mol / 1) significantly decreased the germination percentage of Syeon, Syrie and Dhamar cultivars. Germination percentage in Radfan cultivar was not significantly affected by using these levels, except high level ofNaSO4 (150 m.mol /1). 2) The effect of NaHCo3 and Na2Co3 in decreasing the germination percentage of the four evaluated wheat cultivars was higher than that of NaCl and Na2So4. 3) The Radfan cultivar has higher tolerance for the different concentrations of NaCl, Na2So4 and the lower concentration (50 m.mol /l) of NaHC03 and Na2Co3, therefore, it gives the highest germination percentage compared with the other cultivars. 4) The different concentrations of sodium salts significantly decreased the stem height, the root height, the fresh weight and the dry weight of the studied cultivars. 5) The effect of sodium carbonate salts in decreasing the germination percentage and the measurements of seedlings growth was higher than that of the other salts. 6) The sodium chloride gave the lowest effect in decreasing the germination percentage and measurements of seedlings growth of the four tested cultivars compared with the other sodium salts.

Key Words: Sodium salt , seedlings growth , wheat varieties.

Abst.: Agric. 39A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (3) 2002: 497- 504

Survey for host plants of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Gnn) in Abyan and Tuban Delta at Southern Coastal Plain

Abdul Kader M. Bin Othman , Omar S. Bin Shuaib and Mustafa H. A. Sattar El- kod Agricultural Research Station - Research & Extension Authority

Abstract A preliminary survey was conducted for host- plants of whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Genn) during two seasons, (1999/2000 and 2000/2001) in Abyan and Tuban Deltas, which are the main agricultural region in the southern coast of the Republic of Yemen. The range of host- plants includes at least 49 species belong to 17 families, most of them belong to families Solanaceae(9 species) , Leguminoseae (8 species), Cucurbitaceae (5 species), and each of Malvaceae and Luphorbiaceae (4 species). Visual scales of host -plants and B. tabaci densities were also considered. The species of the first three families showed high intensity of infestations. The findings were similar to B. tabaci on host- plants. It was previouly reported that species Cynodon dactylon (L)Pers a major weed in Yemen and other parts of world is a host of B. tabaci. However, our findings does not confirm this.

Key words: B. tabaci , host plants, survey, southern coastal region, Yemen. Abst.: Agric. 40A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (3) 2002: 505- 512

The effect of milky extract of Calotropis procera branshes and nematicide Mocap 10 G on banana nematode Radopholus similis (Cobb.)

Intisar Mahfood Obad and Fardoos Rustuin Ahmed Department of Plant Protection - Naser Faculty of Agricultural Sciences . University of Aden

Abstract A study was carried out at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden, during the growing seasons of 1999 - 2000 & 2000-2001, by using banana plants vareity "Dwarf Cavendish", to evaluate the effect of the milky extract of Calotropis procera branshes in comparison with the nematicide Mocap 10 G in two different concentrations (5% & 10%) on the banana nematode Radopholus similis. It was found that the various treatments differed significantly from the control. However, no significant differences were shown between the treatments of milky extract and the nematicide in both years. Both concentrations reduced the number and multiplication rate of the nematode in roots and soil. The concentration level of 10% of both treatments gave superior effect. This study shows the potential effect and possible use of the milky extract of Clotropis procera branches a plant widely grown in region in an integrated pest management program for the control of banana nematodes to prevent ecological pollution .

Key words : Calotropis procera , Mocap, banana nemadote R. similis .

Abst.: Agric. 41A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (3) 2002: 513- 522

Effect of organic manure or mineral nitrogen source on the growth and yield of maize

Abdulla Abdul Gabbar Hassan Department of Soil and Agricultural Engineering -Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aden

Abstract Two field experiments were carried out in Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences during two consecutive growing seasons 1992 / 93 and 1993 / 94, to study the effect of organic manure or mineral nitrogen source on the growth and yield of maize var. Knega36. The experiment of organic manure contained 4 treatments: control, poultry manure, sheep manure and cow manure. Meanwhile, the inorganic fertilizer experiment contained 3 treatments: control, CO(NH2)2and (NH4)2 SO4. Each experiment was formed in a complete randomized block design with 3 replicates. The obtained results indicated that the plant length was decreased compared with untreated control in 92/93 growing season, and was also deceased in poultry and cow manures. Whereas it was equal to sheep manure treatment compared with control in 93/94 growing season. The effect of sheep manure on plant yield, weight of 1000 seeds and feddan yield was the lowest in both seasons. The second experiment showed that that the use of (NH4)2 SO4 has a positive effect on plant length, ear height, number of ears / plant, plant dry weight, plant yield and feddan yield compared to urea treatment in both seasons.

Keywords: Soil fertilization , organic manure , nitrogen source , maize.

Vol. 7. No. 1

Abst.: Agric. 42A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (1) 2003 : 1-13

Effects of temperatures and light accumlations on some vegetative growth characteristics and dry weight at flowering and harvest of three Rice cultivars (Oryza sativa, L)

Ala AL- Khaffaf Thamer.K.Merza and Ali O.Hajary College of Education for Girls, Kufa Univ. IRAQ

Abstract An experiment was conducted in Iraq, to study the effect of temperature and light accumulations (which resulted from growing plant at different sowing dates), on the vegetative; flowering and yield parameters for three rice cultivars Oryza sativa, L. at two locations, Abbasyia and Hira, Najaf. Factorial experiment with Spilt Plot Design was used with three replications. Main plots included three cultivars (Mushkhab 1, Anber 33 and IPA 1). Sub - plots included sowing dates that were randomly distributed and applied from 15 / 5 / 1998 to 10/7/1998. Temperatures and light accumulations were as the following: 1621; 1524 and 1342(heat accumulation) heat units and 1795; 1679 and 1494 (light accumulation) light hours for cv. Mushkhab 1. Andl524; 1342 and 990 h.u. and 1679; 1494 and 1117 I.h. for cv. Amber 33.; and 1524; 1342 and 1158 h.u. and 1679; 1494 and 1307 I.h. For cv. IPA 1. This experiment revealed that: There were significant effects for both heat and light accumulations during the whole growing period on the flowering and growth characteristics, particularly, spike emergence and both repining and harvest periods. There was a slight effect for the two locations in general, on the tested cultivars during the different growing periods in respect to their flowering growth parameters, but, in general, Hira soil gave vegetative growth characteristics better than Abbasyia Soil. Cultivars showed different growth stages as an effect of temperature and light Accumulations.

Key Words: Rice , Mushkhab 1, Anber 33, IPA 1, heat accumulation, light accumulation, vegetative growth.

Abst.: Agric. 43A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (1) 2003: 25-35

Effect of biofertilizer, organic fertilizer and foliar application of Power 4 on the growth and yield of okra plants

H.A. Alkaff and A. A. Hassan Nasir Faculty of Agriculture University of Aden

Abstract This experiment was carried out at the Exp. Farm of Agric. Science, Aden Univ, during the seasons 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 to determine the effect of biofertilizer (Halex 2), which contains a mixture of bacteria Azospirillum , Azotobacter, Klebsiella, as a mixed biofertilizer, and Farmyard Manure (FYM) and foliar application with Power 4 (micronutrients fertilizer) on growth and green yield of okra local var. This experiment contained 16 treatments which were the combination of four fertilizer treatments (zero. biofertilizer , 5 t /fed. and 10 t / fed.) and four foliar application with Power 4 (0 , 2 , 4 and 6 gm / liter). The results of the combined analysis showed the following; The application of 5 t/fed., manure gave the highest value for fresh and dry weight of plants followed by biofertilizer treatment. Both treatments did not significantly differ from each other; whereas, the biofertilizer treatment gave the highest value for number of pod /plant. average plant yield, early yield and total green pods, and the application of 10 t/fed, manure gave the highest value for average pod weight. Foliar application of Power 4 with 4 gm /liter had the highest value for fresh and dry weight, number of pods / plant average plant yield, average pod weight, early yield and total green pods, meanwhile foliar application of 2 gm / liter gave the highest value for plant dry weight. The interaction between fertilization and foliar application of Power 4 affected the studied characters. The biofertilizer treatment and foliar application of Power 4 with 4 gm /liter recorded higher values followed by 5 t /fed manure treatment and foliar application of Power 4 with 2 gm / liter, and both treatments did not significantly differ from each other.

Key words: biofertilizer , organic fertilizer, micronutrients , okra,

Abst.: Agric. 44A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (1) 2003: 45-54

Effect of some summer weeds extracts in Iraq on growth of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) tissue culture

Bakir A. AL-Juboory* and Hamed J.AL-Haider** * College of Agriculture-Baghdad University Iraq ** Nasser College for Agriculture Sciences- Aden University- Yemen

Abstract This research was conducted in the College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad as part of a research project to study the importance of chemicals produced from some Iraqi weeds for agriculture. The basic medium (MS) for rapid growth in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) tissue culture was used. Three different factors, (extracts of six summer weed species, different concentrations, and different extracting methods), were applied. The studied plant species were: Echinochloa eras -galli. L. , E. colonum L., Schanginia aegyptiaca H., Kochia indica L. , Chenopdum album L. and Amaranthus retroflexus L. ; The extracting methods were hot and cold water; and the concentrations were: 0,5 ,10,15, and 20 ml /L. The obtained results indicated that all studied characteristics (length and dry weight of shoot and root) were effected by the extracts of the weeds and by their concentrations. Extracting methods affected root lengths. Combinations of extracts X extracting methods , affected all characteristics except shoot dry weight. Combination of concentrations X extracting methods , and extracts X concentrations X extracting methods in the lengths of shoot and root of cucumber.

Keywords: Extracts, summer weeds , tissue culture , Cucumes sativus L.

Abst.: Agric. 45E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (1) 2003: 101- 110

Development of the mite (Varroa jacobsoni) in two-honeybee races Apis mellifera jemenitica (indigenous) and Apis mellifera carnica (Imported) in Riyadh

Ahmad A. Al- Ghamdi College of Agriculture - King Saud Universtiy P.O Box 2460,Riyadh 11451 -

Abstract Two honeybee races; Apis mellifera jemenitica (Indigenous) and Apis mellifera carnica (Imported) were used to study and compare the development of Varroa jacobsoni under Riyadh's conditions. Five colonies from each race were inoculated with 20-mites and the development of the mites infestation was monitored every other month from April until September 2001. Estimation of different mites population was based on daily mites downfall and the mites on adults and brood itself. The results of the study based on Adult bees and broodhe showed high mites development in carnica bees where the population increased to 96.05, 124.3, 181.2, and 81.35 folds, whereas in indigenous colonies the increase was very low 15.29, 14.56, 31.24 and 22.86 during their respective months of inspection. Based on daily mites downfall the population estimation revealed 6.08, 9.42, 78.85 and 32.57 fold increase in Carnica colonies whereas in Indigenous colonies

the mite population was increased to 3.34, 5.4, 29.14 and 12.5 folds. The mite population estimated directly from live bees and broods was higher than mite estimates obtained from sticky board. The sticky board method was found better than adult bees and brood samples for the detection of mite population at low infestation level.

Key words: Varroa jacobsoni, Apis mellifera jemenitica, Apis mellifera carnica , Riyadh

Vol. 7. No. 2

Abst.: Agric. 46A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (2) 2003 : 195- 202

Effect of Neem oil and some plant powders on egg laying and hatchability of the Cowpea Beetle Callosobruchus chinensis eggs on stored Cowpea seeds

Saeed A. Ba-Angood and Mohammad Ail Al-Sunaidy Department of plant protection, Nasir's College of Agriculture, University of Aden, Khormaksar P. O- Box 6172, Aden- Republic of Yemen , E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract The results of an experiment comparing the effect of Mraimrah (Neem) oil Azadirachta indica, powders of seeds of Yellow oleander Thevetia neirefolia, castor oil Ricinus communis and Lantana camara on oviposition of C. chinensis and number of eggs hatched, have shown that the most effective treatment was Mraimrah oil, where the insect failed to lay eggs on treated seeds. However, the lower effect was observed on L. camara seeds, where the average number of eggs laid was about 47 eggs, compared with 58 eggs on the untreated control. As far as the effect on egg hatching, Yellow oleander treatment gave the best result, where no eggs were hatched. The lowest effect was observed on R. communis treatment, where the mean percentage of eggs hatched was 90.08% compared to 93.0% in the untreated control.

Key words: Neem, Azadirachta indica Vigna sinensis, cowpea beetle Callosobruchus chinensis Abst.: Agric. 47A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (2) 2003: 203- 211

Effect of N , Fe , Zn and K spray on vegetative and yield characteristics of fig Cv. Asowd Diala

A. A. AL-Khaffaf

Abstract This study was carried out on private orchard at Al - Abbasyia , Najaf for two growing seasons 2000 - 2001 investigate the effect of spraying the elements, N, Fe, Zn and K at the rate of 0.3% alone or in combination on fig trees cv. Asowd Diala when the fruit of thired crop reached 30 days after appearing of fruit buds. The experimental results indicated that treated trees with nutrient elements, alone or in combination increased leaf area , total chlorophyll leaf content, weight, volume, number of days to fruit ripening and reduced the percetage of fruit drop, fruit cracking, Anthocyanine , T.S.S., acidity and there was asignificant differences between these treatments. The treatment wich combining (N+Fe+Zn+K) gave the longest time to fruit ripening, highest average of leaf area, total chlorophyll, weight and volume of fruit, but the lowest in the percentage of fruit drop, fruit cracking, Anthocyanine, T.S.S and acidity for both growing seasons,

Key words: Nutritional elements, (N,Fe,Zn,K), effect of mits, leaf area, Ficus

Abst.: Agric. 48A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (2) 2003: 213- 221

Effect of the trimming inflorescence on bunch maturity and some quality aspects of banana cv. Dwarf Cavendish (Musa cavendishii)

Mohammed A. Saleh Department of Horticulture Nasir 's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences , University of Aden

Abstract

This study was carried out at a private farm in Lahej Gov., Yemen, on 2-year old banana plants cv. Dwarf Cavendish during the period from July, 1999 to June 2000. A four-replicate randomized complete blocks design was used. This investigation included five treatments, into which three plants were investigated as follows: Untrimmed inflorescence (Control). 1- Trimming the male flowers after opening the first two hands. 2- Trimming the male flowers after opening the four hands. 3- Trimming the male and hermaphrodite flowers after opening the four hands. 4- Trimming the male and hermaphrodite flowers after opening all the hands. 5- The obtained data showed the following: A) The second treatment was significantly superior, where the maturity period was shortened by about (16) days in mothers and (19) days in first suckers, whereas in the fourth treatment it was about (12) days in both mothers and first suckers. B) In mothers, the second treatment was significantly superior in the average number of fingers per bunch, in the average yield of experimental unit and average yield of feddan. Whereas in first suckers, it revealed significant differences in the average number of hands per bunch, the average number of fingers per bunch, the average weight of bunch, the average yield of experimental unit and the average yield of feddan. C) The fourth treatment apart from second treatment was significantly superior in the average number of hands per bunch, the average weight of bunch, the average yield of experimental unit and feddan in first suckers, and was also superior in the average number of fingers per bunch in both mothers and first suckers. D) The trimming treatments were more effective in first suckers than mothers.

Key words: Male flowers, hermaphrodite flowers, trimming bunch of banana..

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Agric. 49A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (3) 2003 : 409- 415

Effect ofAG3 and Vapro-Gard spray on vegetative growth and quality characters of pomegranate CV. Salimi A.M.S. Al-Hmedawi College of Agriculture, AL-Kufa University- Iraq

Abstract The experiment was conducted on a private orchard at AL- Abbsyia/ Najaf for two growing seasons, 2000 and 2001 on pomegranate CV. Salimi, 8 years old trees to investigate the effect of two concentrations of GAS (100, 150 mg/L) and of Vapor-Gard wax (2,4)% on 30 June for two growing season. The result indicated that GA3 produced significant increase in the moisture of leaf, peels, pulp, juice percentage and a decrease in the splitting of fruit, T.S.S, acidity, anthocyanine and vitamin C in juice during fruit ripening. Vapor-Gard was more effective than GA3 in that respect, but the combination of GA3 and vapor-Gard gave the best results from other treatment, particularly at higher low cantratia of both.

Key words: Gibberellic acid, antitranspirint, pomegranate

Abst.: Agric. 50A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (3) 2003: 417- 424

The effect of different sowing methods on some characteristics of sesame (Sesamun indicumL) cv. Baldi Red under the condition of Tuban Delta, Governorate of Lahej

Ahmed Saleh Baswaid , Ali Aidroos Assakkaf and Amin Mohammed Ali Department of Agronomy & Agricultural Plant - Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Aden

Abstract Two field experiments were conducted at the experimental farm of Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aden, during 1999/2000 seasons, to study the effect of different sowing methods on some characteristics of sesame (Sesamum indicum L)Cv. Baladi red under the condition of Tuban Delta, Governorate of Lahej. The two field experiments included five treatments of the sowing methods which are; on the top of the ridge, on one side of the ridge, on the two sides of the ridge, in rows and broadcasting. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used. Results indicated the following: 1-Height of plant and number of capsules were affected significantly by all the five sowing methods, but the other characteristics were not affected significantly during the two seasons, 2- Height of plant and number of branches, number of capsules and yield per plant were the best at the broadcasting sowing method, compared with the other methods. Whereas the less height of plant, number of branches, number of capsules and yield per plant were at the sowing method on the two sides of the ridge during the two seasons. 3-The less weight of 1000 seeds was at the sowing method on the two sides of the ridge compared with the other methods. 4-Yield per plot was the best at the broadcasting sowing method reaching to 251.8 and 262.3g (264.4 and 275.5 kg/feddan), in the two seasons respectively. The following method was the sowing in rows which reached 204.7 and 201.7 g per plot(214.9 and 211.7 kg/ feddan) at the two seasons respectively. The sowing method on the two sides of the ridge was the less methods in yield per plot which reaches 178.3 and 179.3 g (187.2 and 188.3 kg / feddan) in the two seasons, respectively.

Keywords: Sowing methods , Sesame , Cv. Baladi red

Abst.: Agric. 51 E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (3) 2003: 475- 481

Collection of local sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor L.) in the Southern Coastal zone of Yemen

Abdul Aziz Ahmed Bawazir College of Education, Mukalla, University ofHedhramout for Science and Technology Republic of Yemen, P.O.Box NO. 50175 Mukalla. Tel: (+967) 5 304629, Fax- (+967) 5 309678. E-mail; [email protected]

Abstract Sorghum is the main cereal crop grown in this zone. Sorghum and millet occupy about 80% of this area. It is grown predominantly under spate irrigation as a dual-purpose crop for grain and fodder. Underground water and rainfed irrigation are still practiced in smaller areas of sorghum in the coastal, medium and high altitude regions respectively. The danger of losing avaiable germplasm is a major problem for most of the cereals grown in the country because of the

introduction of high-yielding exotic cultivars and hybrids. Several collecting expeditions were launched between 1969 and 1987 and resulted in a total of 351 accessions of cultivars and farmers varieties, of which most were local sorghum and millet cultivars. Most of the earlier collections were not conserved under approriate conditions, and they lost their viability. This research is aimed to survey, collect, classify and register the entire sorghum cultivars in the southern coastal zone of the country in order to follow up the present situation of the genetic resources and to initiate a pioneering concrete breeding programme. In total, 30 sites were sampled from July - September, 2000 and January - April, 2001 and 9 sorghum cultivars were identified. Studies have been carried out with emphasis on morphological traits.

Key words: sorghum , cultivars , collection , Yemen.

Vol. 8. No. 1

Abst.: Agric. 52A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (1) 2004 : 1-9

Evaluation of some introduced wheat lines under local conditions Awad M. Bamomen 1 and Ahmed S. Bingeiwed Nasser s Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Aden Seyoun Research Station , Wadi Hadramout

Abstract

Two field experiments were carried out in Sweiry Farm / Seyoun Research Station in Wadi Hadramout during two growing seasons 97/98 and 98 /99 to evaluate nine introduced wheat lines, compared with the control cultivar ( Kalyansona ) as a control in some growth characters and yield . The results could be summarized as following : 1- The nine wheat lines and Kalyansona cultivar significantly differed in maturity date and plant height in both seasons, and there is significant difference in heading date in the first season, while no significant difference in the second season . 2- The two lines : SW /96/12 and SW /96/11 gave the highest mean values for number of spikes /m2 and grain yield ton / ha. with highly significant differences compared with the control cultivar Kalaynsona in both seasons that the two lines produced mean values 300.5 and 318.5 spikes / m2 , 3.459 and 3.426 ton / ha. for the two seasons respectively. The percentage of increasing was 28.75 % and 28.11 % respectively compared with the control cultivar Kalyansona . 3- No more differences were found between lines in the yield compounds except number of spikes / m2 . 4- The results of the two seasons revealed the influence of environmental conditions on the exhibiting of different wheat genotypes according to the studied characters.

Key words: Introduced lines, wheat, Wadi Hadramout

Abst.: Agric. 53A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (1) 2004 : 11-17

Effect of different methods of planting on the accumulation of the dry matter in the leaves, stems and pods of sesame plant cultivar Baladi Red ( Sesamum indicum, L )

Ahmed Saleh Baswaid, Ali Aidrous Asskaf and Amin Mohamed Ali Department of Agronomy and Agricultural plant, Nasser s Faculty of Agricultural Sciences , University of Aden

Abstract

Two field experiments were carried out in Nasser s Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Univ. of Aden during two consecutive growing seasons 99/ 2000 to study the effect of the different methods of planting on the accumulation of the dry matter on the leaves, stems and pods of sesame plant cultivar Baladi red . These experiments included 5 treatments of methods of planting as follows : - top ridge - one side ridge - two sides ridge

- rows - broad casting A randomized complete block design with three replications was used . 1- The result indicated that the effect of the different methods of planting were not effected significantly on the accumulation of the dry matter in the leaves and pods with the time during the two growing seasons . 2- The accumulation of the dry matter in each of the leaves and stems increased until the high value in the 8th week then it decreased in the 10th week in this different methods of planting in the both growing seasons . The ridge planting in two sides gave the low value in the accumulation of the dry matter in the leaves and stems compared with other treatments in the two growing seasons . 3- The accumulation of the dry matter in the pods increased with the different methods of planting in the two growing seasons . The broadcasting stimulated the increasing in the accumulation of dry matter in the pods compared with other treatments in the two growing seasons. The ridge planting in two sides gave the low value in the accumulation of the dry matter in the pods compared with other treatments . Key word : Planting methods , dry matter, Sesame

Abst.: Agric. 54A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (1) 2004 : 19-24

The effect of N and P fertilizers application on the growth and yield of wheat crop.var.kalyansona

Ghazi Ahmed AL-Rashidi Faculty of Applied Science, Hadramout University

Abstract

Two field experiments were carried out in Faculty of Applied Science, Hadramout University, during two consecutive growing seasons 1999/2000 2000-2001 to study the effect of N and P application on the growth and yield of Triticum astivum. Dwarf var kalyansons.

Each experiment contained 4 treatments. E control. N, P and N+P in a randomized complete block design with 5 replicates. Statistical analysis showed that there were differences in the studied characteristics like plant height and grain yield. All these differences were significant and the N+P gaine the highest yield followed by N and P fertilizers respectively compared with the control treatment. There were no significant differences observed for the average of number of seeds per plant.

Key words: Fertilization, P, N, PN, V. Kilyansono

Abst.: Agric. 55A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004 : 25-32.

Effect of different concentrations of potassium on growth characters, cotton yild and its components

Fatma Mohammed Ahmed Al-Faqeih Department of Agronomy & Agricultural plant Nasser s Faculty of Agricultural Sciences- Aden University

Abstract

Two field experiments were carried out in Nasser s Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aden Univ. during two consecutive growing seasons 2000 and 2001 to study the effect of different concentrations of potassium on growth cotton yield and its components . The experiments involved four different concentrations of potassium (0.0, 0.5,1, 1.5 and 2 kg KNO3/ feddan ) applied on cotton cultivar ( Acala. S.J-2 ) in a randomized complete block design with three replicates . The results could be summarized as follow: 1- increases of the concentration of Potassium decreased plant heigh, number of monipodium and sympodium / plant , number of flowers / plant , number of opened bolls / plant , weight of cotton yield / plant (gm) and cotton yield kg / feddan . 2- treatment 0.5 kg. KNO3 had more and better growth characters, cotton yield and yield components in both seasons.

Keywords: K, growth characters , cotton yield .

Abst.: Agric. 56A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (1) 2004: 33-39

Response of maize (as forage crop) to organic fertilization

Abdulla Abdullmageed Moh`d Faculty of Education (Sabir)-University of Aden

Abstract

A field experiment was carried out at farm of Nasser Agriculture Faculty Aden University to study the response of the maize to organic fertilization (manure) during 2000/2001, 2001/2002 Seasons . Kenja-36 variety has been used to carry the experiment and this is done by using four different treatments. These treatments are: control (Without fertilizers), 5, 10, 15 tone organic fertilizer/ feddan. Each treatment was done four times and these treatments were done on six- meter square land. Statistical analysis by the method of Least significant obtained that there were differences in the studied characteristics such as plant length, stem weight, green and dry yield. All these differences were significant and the treatment of 15tone/feddan gave the highest yield compared with the control treatment. There were no significant differences observed for stem diameter, leaves weight and number of leaves. The chemical analysis didn t give any significant differences in the protein or crude forage and the ash percentage.

Key words: Organic fertilization, forage crop, maize.

Vol. 8. No. 2

Abst.: Agric. 57A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2) 2004 : 195- 203

The biology of the Coffee Leaf Miner Leucoptera caffeina Wash. (Gracilariidae: Lepidoptera) and the effect of irrigation on its development on coffee leaves in Rubat and Hilam -Yahr areas at Yafe'a- Republic of Yemen

Saeed Abdullah Ba-Angood and Saleh Mohamed Al-Sunaidi Department of Plant Protection- Nasir's College of Agriculture- University of Aden [email protected]

Abstract

Studies on the biology of the coffee leaf miner (CLM) Leucoptera caffeina on two different varieties of coffee in Hilam - Yahr and Rubat areas at Yafe'a- Republic of Yemen has shown that for both varieties and sites; the copulation period ranged from 2-3 days, the incubation period ranged from 2-4 days and the larval period ranged from 12-17 days. The pupation period ranged from 6-8 days and the adult stage took 13-17 days. The mean number of eggs for each female ranged from 8-10eggs. There was no statistical significant difference(at 5%) between life cycles of the insect in the field or in the laboratory, and for both varieties of coffee. In the laboratory experiment, temperature ranged from 17-23° C and mean relative humidity was 49.7%; while in the field experiment, temperature ranged from 18-26° C and mean relative humidity was 65.74% , using a thermohygrograph for both experiments. Irrigation plays an important role in lowering the population of the CLM larvae. In our experiment percentage of larvae mortality ranged from 75-95.6%, 24 hours after irrigation; and there was also a statistically significant difference (at P=0.05) between the number of larvae of the CLM before, and a week after irrigation, for both varieties of coffee. Therefore, irrigation can be considered as an important factor in the Integrated Pest Management Program for the Coffee Leaf Miner as well as for the Integrated Crop Management of the coffee crop, too.

Key words: Coffee leaf miner Leucoptera caffeina. coffee , Integrated Pest Management, Yafe'a- Yemen.

Abst.: Agric. 58A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2) 2004 : 205- 211

Evaluating the environmental effects of pesticides in soil micro- organisms Salah Salem Gurbel

Extension Department of Agro P.O. Box 50138, Mukalla, Hadhramout, Yemen.

Abstract

This research aims to discuss the problems of the pesticides at Hadhramout coast through: Knowing the quantities of the used pesticides at the farmers fields at the areas in the coast of Hadhramout during 1990 1998, and defining the residuals of the hydrocarbon chlorine pesticides in the soil of one of the costal fields. The research findings demonstrated that (8131 liter) had been used from the pesticides within 90-98 with their different kinds, at the areas of Hadhramout coast Al-shahir, Ghail Bawazeer, Mayfa Hajer, Al- Muhammedeen Valley and Fowa by the following order of percentages: 54.17%, 23.31%, 12.82%, 6.52% and 3.00%. The findings also demonstrated that 80% from the farmers at Al- Muhammedeen Valley use the pesticides against the blights of the lemons. The percentage of the loss from the sprinkling solutions in the soil is within 5.3-10.4%from the whole quantity of the sprinkling pesticides. The findings also showed that there are (22) from the hydrocarbon chlorine pesticides in the soil of Alais Al-shahir. The residuals have reached 0.001 nanogram/gram in the soil from the net weight.

Key words : Pesticides, residuals, soils, Hadramout coast

Abst.: Agric. 59A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2) 2004 : 213- 218

The effect of different concentrations of Neem oil extract on some immature stages of Culex pipiens L. mosquito

Mohammed Fadhl Al Maisary and Hassan M. H. Al- Rahawi Dept. of Biology, College of Science and Education (Zingibar), Univ. of Aden, Yemen,

Abstract The efficiency control of Neem oil on the eggs and second and fourth instars of Culex pipiens was investigated under laboratory conditions. The concentration of Neem oil(1000 ppm) showed strong effect on hatching percentage (46.9%) where the hatched larvae were killed after a short period. The lower concentrations (10, 100 ppm) showed little efficiency on the eggs, but were effective on the commulative mortality and on mature instars formation. The continuous treatment of the second and fourth instars by Neem oil (100 ppm)caused high mortality, ceasing completely the formation of the mature instars. In general, the exposure for short period (24,48 hours)was less efficient as compared with the continuous exposure, specifically with low oil concentrations.

Keywords: Neem oil, mosquito (Culex pipiens) larvae.

Abst.: Agric. 60A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2) 2004 : 219- 233

The effect of tillage and compacting soil on growth and yield of cotton in Delta Tuban.

Hassan Saleh Hassan Department of Soil and Agricultural Engineering Nasser's Faculty of Agricultural sciences University of Aden

Abstract

Two field experimets were carried aut in Nassesr s Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Aden during the secutive growing seasons 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 to study the effect of tillage by moldboard plow, disk plow and chisel plow; and three Sub-treatments which are sowing, compacting soil+ sowing, compacting soil +sowing + compacting soil, on the growth and yield of cotton variety Acala S.J.2. In the experiment, split plot design with three replicates was used. The obtained data showed that the plant density and yield / unit area are significantly increased in the treatments of Moldboard plow + sowing without compacting and insignificant increase in stem diameter, root weight root length , stem length, plant hight, bolls for the

treatments of (moldboard plow disk plow) + sowing and sowing with compacting soil through the two seasons . There is a significant increase in plant density and yield/faddan for the interaction of treatments moldboard plow and sowing without compacting soil through the two seasons.

Key words: Cotton, tillage, compacting, plant density, Delta Tuban.

Abst.: Agric. 61E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2) 2004 : 261-- 268

Effect of insecticides on longevity of the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) on cotton

Abdullah N M M1, and Joginder Singh2 1 Department of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Sana a University, (Maen post office), P.O.BOX. 13609, Sana a, (Yemen), E-mail address: [email protected] 2 Department of Entomology PAU, Ludhiana, India.

Abstract The study was conducted during 2001 and 2002 for evaluating the hormoligosis of sub-lethal doses of commonly used insecticides on cotton in Punjab, India. Quinalphos (250, 375 and 500 g), carbaryl (625, 938 and 1250 g), acephate (750, 1125 and 1500 g), endosulfan (438, 656 and 875 g) and fenvalerate (25, 38 and 50 g ai/ha) were repeatedly sprayed on potted plants of American cotton (var. LH 1556). The newly emerged ten females and ten males were released in separate micro-leaf cage for each replicate, which were attached to top fully opened cotton leaves after 72 hours of I, II, III, IV and V spray. The mortality of adults in each cage was counted daily. The results revealed that all insecticides caused significant reduction in longevity of both sexes except low dose of fenvalerate. Maximum reduction was recorded on all doses of endosulfan followed by higher doses of other insecticides. In general, low doses of different insecticides caused minimum reduction in longevity compared with higher doses. The results have clearly indicated that no hormoligosis has been induced in longevity of whitefly by the tested insecticides. Therefore, the resurgence of whitefly that reported to be associated with repeated spray of fenvalerate and

acephate is not due to the hormoligosis in longevity of this pest, but may be due to other reasons.

Key words: B. tabaci, longevity, insecticides, hormoligosis, cotton.

Vol. 8. No. 3

Abst.: Agric. 62A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (3) 2004: 405- 409 Effect of consecutive and alternative application in the development of Bromopropylate resistance in the Two Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch in the field

I.J. Al-Jboory 1, R.E. Jumida 2 and A. I. Al-Sammarie 1 University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department. 2 University of Sana'a, College of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department.

Abstract The development of the two spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch resistance to Bromopropylate was evaluated in two application programs. First, consecutive Bromopropylate spray, second, alternative Bromopropylate with abamectin. These results showed significant increase in LC50 values in the first program treatments which were 10.60 (95% CL, 8.34-13.74), 22.76 (95% CL, 16.67-31.08), 14.04 (95% CL, 11.20-17.58) and > 320 mg/l compared with the initial value before spray which was 5.67 mg/l (95% CL, 4.38- 7.34). In the second program a significant increase was observed after the first spray treatment which was 9.96 mg/l (95% CL, 7.39-12.69) compared to the value before spray, whereas, for other spraying treatments no significant different was observed in this program. Low resistance ratio (2.58 fold) in the alternative program, indicated that, this program was most advantageous of using to reduce the development of resistance compared with high value (56.4 fold) in consecutive program.

Key words: Tetranychus urticae, Bromopropylate, resistance, consecutive, alternative.

Abst.: Agric63A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (3) 2004 : 411- 416

Cross Resistance of Bromopropylate in the Two Spotted Spider Mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae )

I.J.AL-Jboory1, R.E.Jumida2 and A.I.AL-Sammarie 1University of Baghdad, College of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department; 2University of Sana a, College of Agriculture, Plant Protection Department Abstract

Bromopropylate resistant strain ( R ) Tetranychus urticae showed strong positive cross resistance to Dicofol and a mixture of Dicofol and Tetradifon (Neotox Super), moderate positive cross resistance toward Amitraz and low negative cross resistance toward Chlorpyrifos. No cross resistance has been observed to Abamectin, Dinobuton and Triazophos. These results suggest that Dicofol, Neotox Super, and Amitraz should not be rotated with Bromopropylate in a resistance management program. Chlorpyrifos used in this program will reduce Bromopropylate resistance gene in the two spotted spider mite population and will restore the activity of this pesticide.

Key words: Tetranychus urticae Bromopropylate Cross Resistance.

Abst.: Agric. 64A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (3) 2004: 417- 425

Survey of chemical pesticides used for the control of agricultural pests in Lahej , Abyan ,Dhalae and Taiz Governorates , Republic of Yemen

Mohammed Ali Al- sunaidi Department of Biology /Chemistry College of Education , University of Aden Abstract In this study the total number of pesticides available in Dhalae, Lahej, Abyan, and Taiz Governoretes was 25, 37, 60, 73 types respectively. The study shows that chemical pesticides that had high toxicity are found in Dhalae, Lahej, Taiz and Abyan Governoretes and were 14,15,25,25 types , respectively. While the mid- toxic pesticides in the above mentioned governorates reached 11,20,31,32 , respectively and the rest of pesticides were less toxic . The results show that the insecticides were the highest among the pesticides used for the control of the Agricultural pests, found in Dhalae, Lahej , Taiz and Abyan governorates which were 20,30,50,52 types , respectively. While the Fungicides were 5,7,24,7 respectively In this study, the number of organophosphorous pesticides in Dhalae, Lahej , Abyan , and Taiz Governoretes were 12, 13, 23,28 types respectively. whereas the number of chlorinate hydrocarbonated insecticides in these Governoretes was 0, 2 , 4, 4 types respectively. key words : chemical pesticides , toxicity , Survey

Abst.: Agric. 65A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (3) 2004 : 429- 439

Comparison of growth and production of some cultivars of imported tomato seeds by direct sowing under Delta Tuban field conditions

Ahmed Mohamed Mohren Dep. of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden.

Abstract

Studies were carried out at two successive seasons 1999/2000 and 2000/2001 in Delta Tuban at Lahj Governorate with the aim of comparing four imported tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) cultivars namely: Amal (Roma VF), Macero II 1839-2, Super Roma VF and San Marzano. Seeds were sown direct in the field on 20 September for both of the seasons. The most important results obtained were as follows: Significant differences were observed among cultivars in field germination percentage and vegetative growth characters, viz number of branches, fresh and dry weight per plant. Hybrid Amal had significant difference in germination percentage, while Macero II in fresh weight per plant, and Super Roma in dry weight per plant for both seasons. Significant differences were observed among cultivars in number of clusters, number of flowers, number of fruits, average weight of fruit, fruit diameter, fruit length, early-yield and total yield. Hybrid Amal had significant difference in number of clusters, number of flowers, average weight of fruit, early-yield and total yield. San Marzano had significant differences in number of fruits and fruit diameter for both seasons. Plant height had positive significant correlation with number of leaves, fresh and dry weight per plant. Also number of leaves had a positive significant correlation with fresh and dry weight per plant. Positive significant correlation among fresh and dry weight per plant was observed. Early-yield had correlated significantly with number of branches, fresh and dry weight per plant, number of clusters, number of flowers, number of fruits and average weight of fruit. Total yield had significantly positive correlation with number of clusters, number of flowers, number of fruits, average weight of fruit and early- yield.

Key words: comparison, imported cultivars, tomato, Delta Tuban.

Abst.: Agric. 66E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (3) 2004 : 477- 483

Response of cowpea to salinity and nitrogen fertilization

Youssef Mohamed Abdo Hort. Department, Nasser Faculty of Agricultural Sciences Aden University

Abstract

Cowpea plants that treated with saline solutions (0, 2000, 4000, and 6000 ppm NaCl ) as well as fertilized with 0, 1.5 and 3.0 gm N / pot in the form of ammonium nitrate (33.5% N) exhibited the following results : * Increasing salinity levels led to decrease in vegetative growth and yield characteristics. * Fertilizing cowpeas with ammonium nitrate (1.5 gm / N per pot ) was the best level for producing the highest values of plant growth and yield characters.

* Under such saline conditions, application of nitrogen fertilizer to cowpea plants had the best results in vegetative growth and yield characteristics especially when nitrogen fertilizer level was 1.5 gm / pot compared with untreated plants or with those treated with 3.0 gm / pots.

Key words: Cowpea, salinity, Nitrogen.

2. ANIMAL PRODUCTION

Vol. 2. No. 1

Abst.: Anm Prod. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2 (1) 1998 : 13 20

Effects of ascorbic acid on hypervitaminosis A in rabbits A. Albar Faculty of Agriculture- University of Sana'a Abstract

Thirty New Zealand white rabbits 35 days of age were assigned to three groups, which were orally given vitamin A( retinol palpitate) and L-ascorbic acid(AA) daily as followers: 0 supplementation(control), 50,000 IU vitamin A+ 100mg AA/animal /day. Body weigh and feed intake were recorded weekly. At the end of the experimental period, four rabbits from each group were sacrificed to collect the tibia for bone weight, ash Ca and P determinations. Liver and blood samples were collected for Vitamin A analysis and plasma Ca, P and alkaline acid phosphate assays. Data were analyzed by SAS and Turkey's comparison of means. Values for control (C), C+A, C+A+AA were: avg. daily gain (g): 38.5a ,17.2b, 23.7c plasma Ca(mg/dl): 19.6a, 17.3b, 17.4b, plasma P(mg/dl): 6.6, 7.0, 7.0; acid phosphate (units): 2.81, 2.07, 2.77; alkaline phosphate (units): 6.28, 5,49,5.58; plasma vit. A (IU/ml): 3.31a, 5.03b, 3.96c; liver vit. A(IU/g): 211a, 3596b, 2982b; tibia weight (g): 3.11a , 1.73b, 1.89b; bone ash (g): 1.7a ,1.0b, 1.1b; % Ca in bone ash: 52.1a, 46.7ab (p<0.5). The effects of hypervitaminosis A included reduction in BW gian, plasma Ca, bone weight, bone ash, Ca, and increases in plasma and liver vitamin A. Adminstration of vitamin C reduced the adverse effects of high vitamin A.

Key words : Rabbits, Vitamin A, Vitamin C.

Vol. 6. No. 2

Abst.: Anm Prod. 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (2) 2002 : 313- 324

Response of two commercial laying-hen breeds to two different force-molting methods

Abdul-Rahman H. Nassar Department of Animal Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract In this study the productive performance of laying-hens (65 weeks of age) of two commercial single comb breeds, ASA White and ASA Brown, was evaluated in response to two molt-inducing methods; conventional feed restriction and dietary Al, during (30 days) as well as four-five weeks molting and post molting periods. Obtained results showed that egg production for hens of ASA White and ASA Brown breeds was completely ceased by days 4 and 9 respectively, following the initiation of the molt induction procedures. Hens of examined breeds lost highest proportions of their initial body weights during the 11-22 days following the commencement of the experiment molting regimes. Moreover, hens of ASA Brown breed significantly (P<0.01) lost less weight and regained lost weight slower than hens of ASA White breed. Similarly, hens under the Al dietary treatment force molting procedures showed to statistically (P<0.05) loss less of their initial body weights and regain the lost weight faster than those under the conventional f'eed restriction program. During the post molting periods, hens of ASA White breed significantly (P<0.001) have better hen-day egg production rate and feed efficiency than those of ASA Brown breed. Obtained results demonstrated also that hens fed the Al containing ration significantly produced more eggs (P<0.0I), used feed more efficiently (P<0.05), and have also better egg weight (P<0.05) and better eggshell thickness (P<0.05) than feed restricted hens.

Key words; laying-hen, force molting, breeds, feed-restriction, aluminum

Abst.: Anm. Prod. 03E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (2) 2002 : 325- 332

Estimation of non- genetic parameters for some growth traits in Dhamari hair sheep A.Al-bar , A. AI-Nokhaif2 , A. Al-Aghberi,1. A. Mulsi 1- Department of' Animal production faculty of Agriculture, University of Sana'a. 2- College of Agriculture & Veterinary Medicine - University of Dhamar Yemen.

Abstract Data of this study were collected on a flock of Dhamari sheep raised at the Regional Research Station in Central highlands, Dhamar, Yemen during 1987 -1991. Records of 1905 and 1982 pertaining to the birth (BWT) and weaning Weights (WWT) of Dhamari lambs were analyzed using mixed model least - square and maximum likelihood computer program to estimate the non- genetic sources of variation affecting both traits. The overall mean of BWT and WWT averaged 2-52 ± 0.05 and 13-85± 0.16 kg respectively. Lambs produced by adult ewes were significantly (p< 0.01) heavier at birth and weaning than lambs produced by younger ewes. Males and single born lambs were significantly heavier at birth and weaning than female and twin born lambs. BWT and WWT increased significantly and the Live weight of lambs increased from < 25kg to more than 40kg - while the effect if season was significant only an WWT, however, the effect of year of lambing was significant on both traits.

Key words: non - genetic parameters, sheep , birth and weaning weight.

Vol. 6. No. 3

Abst.: Anm Prod. 04A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (3) 2002 : 525- 532

The consumer evaluation for the mutton and beef in the cities of Aden and Hawtah Aiderous Ali Abubaker Nasir's Faculty of Agriculture

Abstract The consumer preference for meat differs according to the slaughter type, age, sex properties of meat and method of cooking. From this study, it has been shown that mutton is more consumed than goat meat i.e.37.5%-34.5%. Beef was less consumed. It was only 29.0%. The middle age mutton meat was more preferred than that of the small and big ones. It recorded the highest percentage 19.5%. Small age goat and beef meat accepted a higher rank than those of middle and big age. As organoleptic properties for meats, the mutton recorded a larger percentage from the point of fatty contents 15.0% and goat 29.5% and from mutton, mutton flavour 30.5%. The goat from the point of taste got 31.0% . Also the acceptance for the slaughter meats was higher than frosts, and compared to the cooked ones more than 4 times accepted; and 5times accepted compared to the frozen one . As far is the acceptance of the smaller one after cooking, the meat of the small ones got the highest percentage, from the point of flavour, and taste also cooking methods, which were 23.5% 22.5%, 26.5%, 18.0%, 9.0% as respectively .

Keywords: mutton , consumer evaluation , goat meat.

Vol. 7. No. 2

Abst.: Anm Prod. 05A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (2) 2003 : 225- 232

The effect of using different levels of laying diet protein on performance laying hens in Yemen

Ahmed Mohamed Al Mulsi Animal Department, Sana'a. University

Abstract This study deals with the possibility of using different levels of laying diet protein, as source from imported concentrate , without any adverse

effect on egg production and egg quality eighty hi- line hens 50 weeks of age were randomly assigned to four feed treatments in a randomized complete block design. Each treatment was replicated with five cages of four hens per cage. The experiment was Duarte for 60 days. Hens were weighted individually four times. Egg production of each cage of each treatment were collected and recorded daily. One kg of feed was weighted and fed for each cage each second day. The experiment was applied at the Agriculture Faculty Farm, Animal Prod. Dept. Sana'a Univ. Feed samples were taken for chemical analysis which carried out in kujdas Company in Holland. The result of analysis showed that the protein content in the three treatments (t1, t2, t3,) were 12.9% 14.1%15.6%. Consequently, as compared to control diet, which was 15.5%. The statistical analysis used showed that there were significant differences among the experimental groups in egg production, however, it did not show any significance in weight of either egg produced or hens. The feed conversion efficiency for the three experimental treatments were 2.56 , 2.25 and 2.88 kg per 1 kg produced egg consequently, compared with the control group which was 2.43 kg per 1kg produced eggs. The results of above mentioned experiment proved that it is potential of using some locally feed source with defenses level of concentrate imported to cover protein requirement in the layers diets. Without any negative impaction on egg production. Consequently, these results would have a positive impact in the national economy as a whole by saving foreign exchange, and improving the balance of payment.

Key words: Yemen , laying hens , protein feed.

BIOLOGY

Vol. 3. No. 1

Abst.: Biol. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3 (1) 1999 : 21-32

Effect of disturbance on competition in semi-natural pasture Abdul-khaliq S. Mahdi. Biology Department, Faculty of Science University of Taiz, Taiz, P.O. Box 55743, YEMEN.

Abstract Very strong evidence obtained in this observation of competition between two species (Cynodon dactylon & Imperata cylindrica), those two species lived at semi-natural pasture, in coexistence conditions and in reduced densities. The two species have different life-forms, therefore the mowing disturbance was in benefit of C.dactylon, as creeping plant which suffers less for mowing process. The ploughing disturbance plot was invaded by only the species that had already existed at the plot Cynodon dactylon &Alhagi gareacorum). There was no I. cylindrica in spite of existing at the same pasture, but not in the same plot. This means that there is allelopathic substances produced by C. dactylon and inhabited the seeds of I. cylindrica .

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Biol. 02A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (3) 2003 : 427- 437 Study concerning the ravening ratio for Ravenous of Fresh Water Fish (Seal) Aphanis dispur Repel on Culex pipens fatigans the larva of House Mosquito

H. A. A. Muatlah Educational College . Aden University - Republic of Yemen

Abstract Ravening several ratios were tested for five larva of different lengths of fresh water fish (seal) as an experiment factors of 15 mm, 20 mm., 30 mm., 40mm., 50 mm., as ravenous of house mosquito larva of different ages under field conditions during the years 2000/2001. The aim and the purpose of this study is to find the ravening percentage. The results were checked after one hour and two hours and 24 hour from the starting time of the experiment. After certain time, effective results were obtained for first factors 15 mm., 20 mm., 30 mm., whereas the result of ravening percentage after 24 hour of checking were 42.6%, 57.4% 72.6%, during the year 2000 and 22.6% , 38.9%, 54.6% during the year 2001, compared with the last factor results; 40mm., 50 mm., which give maximum efficiency of ravening percentage, that reached 100% after 24 hour of checking and

testing. This is considered the first study in Yemen that deals with this subject.

Key words: Aphanis dispar , Culex pipens, biological control , Yemen

Vol. 8. No. 2

Abst.: Biol. 03E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2) 2004 : 271- 277

Biota of hot springs in Yemen: 1- Water chemistry and algal distribution in Al-Rodha hot springs at hadhramout

Alwi Ahmed Maknoun Faculty of Education Mukalla, P. O. Box 8370 Hadhramout University of Science and Technology

Abstract In this study, chemical composition and algal distribution of Al- Rodha hot spring which located at Hadhramout were studied . The temperature of the source reaches 58 0C, there is a temperature gradient from 58 36 0C along the entire length of the flowing spring which extends about 2 Km from the source to its final end. The measurement of hydrogen ion concentration shows a slight alkaline water with a value between 7.15 7.3. The chemical analysis of the spring water reveals a high concentration of Sulphates, Chlorides, and Fluorides, as well as a high content of Calcium and Magnesium. There are 18 identified Algal Taxa, 11 of them are blue-green, 4 green, and 3 diatoms. It was shown that blue- green algae dominates along the entire length of the flowing spring, but their first appearance begins after < 200m from the source, whereas green algae and diatoms are confined to the final end of the stream where the temperature decreases to 36 0C. These Algae form Algal mats seen on the sides and uppermost layer of the bottom sediments.

Key words: Hot springs, water chemistry, Algae.

Vol. 4. No. 2

Abst.: Biol. 04E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 467- 469

The Brown Rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769), a new record for the Republic of Yemen (Mammalia: Rodentia: Muridae)

Masaa M. Al-Jumaily Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Sana a University, P.O. box 12231, Sana a, Republic of Yemen. E-mail :[email protected]>

Abstract The Brown Rat, Rattus norvegicus (Berkenhout, 1769) is recorded for the first time from the Republic of Yemen.

Vol. 7. No. 2

Abst.: Biol. 05E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 387- 391 Some physiological responses and heat tolerance of Friesian, Local Zebu and F/Z Crossbreed cattle under hot climatic conditions in Yemen

Mohammed Adam Abdulaziz Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden Lahej, P. Box No. 10044, E-mail M [email protected]

Abstract It is a well known fact that European cattle breeds such as Friesian are less tolerant to hot climatic conditions. Meanwhile, Zebu breeds are more adapted. The present work was carried out to study the thermal, cardio and respirotory responses, as well as heat tolerance on three types of cattle: Friesian, local Zebu and Friesian / Zebu crossbreed, under hot climatic conditions such as Yemen. 18 lacting non- pregnant cows were divided into 3 experimental groups according to the studied types of cattle. Body temperature,

respiration rate and pulse rate were measured, when the air temperature was less than 30 C°, and when it was higher. The results showed that body temperature rises during increase of the air temperature. It is also observed that normal body temperature of Zebu cattle is actually higher than other studied breeds, and less variable to the increase of surrounded air temperature. Respiration rate is the most obvious indicator for heat load and adaptational value. Thus, it significantly increased in Friesian cattle, meanwhile the variation in local Zebu was less alterable. Pulse rate in the three types of cattle increased by temperature rising up to 33C°. Heat tolerance test revealed respective high indexes in the three studied types of cattle: Friesian, local Zebu and F /Z crossbreed approximately 88%, 91% and 90% respectively.

Keywords: Friesian, local Zebu cattle; heat tolerance ; air temperature.

4. CHEMISTRY

Vol. 1. No. 2 Abst.: Chem. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1(2) 1906: 13- 28

Kinetics studies of dehydrogenation of cyclohexane on Pt/ Sio2 catalysts Sheikh Awad Bawazir Department of Chemistry, College of Science , Arts and Education University of Aden

Abstract The dehydrogenation of cyclohexane was studied on different Pt/ SiO2 catalysts using a 5 ml flow reactor at atmospheric pressure . The SiO2 supports used were silica , acid treated silica , porous glass and thermally treaded porous glasses. The catalysts were prepared by impregnation of the supports with an aqueous solution of H2PtCl6 with a content of 0.5 wt . % Pt.

The catalytic activity for the cyclohexane conversion was measured in the temperature range (523- 773k) & LHSV 0.5-2.5 using hydrogen as carrier gas . The gaseous products of the reaction were analyzed by gas chromatography. The effect of temperature and contact time on the activity and selectivity of the catalysts was investigated . Whereas the activity and selectivity of benzene formation using platinum supported on acid treated cilica is higher than of platinum on normal silica , there is no significant difference in the activity and selectivity of platinum on the different porous glass supports. From first order reaction rate constants the values of the apparent activation energy for the dehydrogenation cyclohexane on the different catalysts in the temperature range 523- 773k were calculated. The reaction is a " facile" reaction and depending upon the specific metal surface area .

Vol. 2. No. 1

Abst.: Chem. 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2(1) 1998: 57-68

Stability of complexes of a noncyclic reference ligand for Tetraaza Macrocycles with metal ions(II) Mansour M. Hassan Department of Chemistry- College of Education Crater- Aden. P.O. Box 4848.Yemen

Abstract

A glass-electrode study of the protonation constants (pk1-4) of Et2- 2,3,2-tet (3,6.9,12-Tetraazatetradecane) (1) and the formation constants of its complexes with Co(11), Ni(11) and Zn(11) is reported . The 0 formation constants, log 110 at 25.0 C and 0,4 M KNO3 are: Co(11), 10. 118; Ni(11), 12.644; Cu(11),20.908; Zn(11), 10.117. And the stability order for the metal complexes is Co(Et 2-2,3,2-tet) < Ni(Et 2-2,3,2-tet ) < Cu (Et2-2,3,2-tet) < Zn(Et2-2,3,2-tet) . Formation 3+ 4+ + constants for species such as ( MLH) , (M(LH)2 and ML(OH) are reported .

Abst.: Chem. 03E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2(1) 1998: 69-80

Heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation of Monoalkylbenzenes on Titanium Dioxide Ahmed Mohammed Saeedan Department of Chemistry- College of Education University of Aden

Abstract The photocataclytic oxidation of monoalkylbenzene compounds with normal and branched chain from C1 to C5 in liquid phase by oxygen over UV- irradiated TiO2 at room temperature has been studied. The products obtained are mainly the corresponding aldehydes and ketones, with high selectivity at benzyl position. The reactivity of the different types of carbon atoms follows the sequence Ctert = Csec > Cprim

The influences of the mass of catalyst, solvent and the flow rate oxygen have been investigated on the above reaction. The results are discussed in terms of the nature and the role of the reactants, involved in the selectivity of the different types of carbon atoms, and on the steps of the oxidizing attack of these compounds .

Vol. 3. No. 1

Abst.: Chem. 04A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(1) 1999: 53-68

Chemical and bacteriological analysis of some samples of drinking water at Ataque city and around - Shabwa Governorate

M. M. Hassan, T. A. Fadhl1 , and S. Ba-Fiadh2 1Department of Chemistry, College of Education- Aden. 2Department of Physics, College of Education- Aden.

Abstract

In this study, thirteen samples of drinking water have been collected from seven regions at Shabwa Governorate for the sake of chemical and bacteriological examination. The date of collection was June 1997. The results of the chemical analysis for the whole samples under study

show that these samples contain the following concentrations (ppm): sodium,16 - 316; potassium, 2 - 38; magnesium hardness (expressed as calcium carbonates) 35 - 293; calcium hardness (expressed as calcium carbonates), 117 443. Total hardness (expressed as calcium carbonates), 161 - 658; sulphates, 24 - 530; chlorides, 28 - 471; bicarbonates, 195 - 573; total dissolved solid( TDS), 244 2008; acidity/alkalintty(pH), 7.5 - 8.5; conductance( µS), 368-2470. The bacteriological results show that most of the samples under study are bacteriologically polluted with (E. Coli) with a degree ranges from 0 - 80%. We find from this study, that most of the examined samples are allocated within the allowed ranges specified internationally, regionally, and locally. And hence are considered of good quality and suitable for man's requirement after bacteriological pretreatment.

Abst.: Chem. 05A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(1) 1999: 69-81

The chemical analysis for some types of Shabwa dates T. A. Fadhl1 , Y. A. Kassim 1 . and S. Ba-Fiadh 2 1- Department of Chemistry. College of Education- Aden 2- Department of Physics. College of Education- Aden

Abstract Due to the plan for establishing the map (chart) for chemical analysis of Yemen Dates, Shabowa Governorate had been chosen for its specific physical features and climate. The number of Date Palms in Shabowa is about half million. Due to the physical characteristics and public typing, 27 varieties had been gathered from various places. The chemical analysis results show the following: Percentage of reduced sugar ranged between 13.30 64.10 % The proteins ranged between 3 .70 - 11.37 % The result analysis of minerals (mg/'100g) showed: Sodium (0.44 -70.13), Potassium (264.57 - 453.74), Calcium (15.21- 50 38). Heavy metals- Iron (0.73- 22.41), Copper (0.29 - 1.19) ). Nickel (0.07- 8.59).

Vol. 3. No. 2

Abst.: Chem. 06E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 33-45

Optimal conditions for complete extraction of P2O5 available in anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate CaHPO4 S.A. Barheyan Mukalla College of Education - University of Hadramout

Abstract Two extracting reagents were used for the extraction of P2O5 available in anhydrous calcium hydrogen phosphate CaHPO4. Those extractors are Peterman's Reagent 50% Ammonium citrate (NH4 )3 C6H5O7 with pH+8 and 0.2M Trilon B solutions( Disodium salt of ethylene diamine tertracetic acid Na2H2C10H12O8N2. 2H2O). It is found that the extracted % of P2O5 depends upon the amount of

CaHPO4 and time of extraction in the case of Peterman s Reagent. But the matter with Trilon B is quite different since the extracted %o of

P2O5 from different amounts of CaHPO4 is approximately constant and do not depend on the amount of CaHPO4 or on lime. The degree of phosphorite decomposition in superphosphate slurry and in dry superphosphate product was determined by Peterman s Reagent and Trilon B solution methods, to know which method should be adopted in triple superphosphate analysis, particularly when it is manufactured from poor phosphorites and low-concentration wet- process phosphoric acid H3PO4. These experiments prove that Trion B analysis method is more effective than the Peterman's Reagent method. These findings agree with the above mentioned results.

Vol. 4. No. 1

Abst.: Chem. 07A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 51-61

Elementary comparative analysis for the water sources of Al-Sheher city

Mohsen A.Al-Gahri and Ahmed M. Saeedan Department of chemistry, College of Education-Aden University of Aden

Abstract For a long period Ain-tebala has been considered as the main source of drinking water supply for Al-sheher city in Hadramout. But due to the increasing in population, it has become insufficient, and new detection of other sources are required. At present, Al-sheher uses different water sources supply. To study the valid water for drinking and other mans requirements, samples have been collected from four regions Al-degdad Defega , Ain-tebala and the City Water- Project. The results of the chemical analysis for the whole samples show that the pH is about 7.5- 7.8 ,which is concordance with international standards specified for drinking water. High content of chlorides (cl -) - - - - ,fluorides ( F ), sulphate (SO4 ) and nitrate ( NO3 ) as well as some cations such as sodium (Na +), calcium (Ca ++ ),...etc. The chemical analysis shows also, the absence of metals such as iron, cupper, and manganese, where as zinc and chromium are present as traces.

Vol. 4. No. 2

Abst.: Chem. 08A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 309- 325

Assessment of drinking water at Ataque city and around Shabwa Governorate.

M. M. Hassan, T. A. Fadhl 1, and S. Ba-Fiadh 2 1Department of Chemistry, College of Education- Aden. 2Department of Physics, College of Education- Aden.

Abstract Thirteen samples of drinking water were collected from several regions at city and around. The samples were subjected to physical and chemical analysis. The objectives were to estimate the concentrations of heavy cationic elements, in particular and other light elements in these samples and also some anions. The results of the chemical and the spectral analysis for the whole samples under study show that these samples contain the following concentrations (ppm): 1- Light cationic elements: Sodium, 16 290; Potassium, 2.2 17.0; Magnesium hardness (in terms of calcium carbonates), 48 330; calcium hardness (in terms of calcium carbonates), 103 516; total hardness (in terms of calcium carbonates), 166 808.

2- Anions: Bicarbonates, 158.7 585.5; Sulphates, 34 500; Nitrates, 5 120. 3- Heavy cationic elements: Cobalt, 0.1 0.2; Iron, 0.02 0.85; Lead, 0.01 0.09; cadmium, less than 0.01; Nickel, 0.01 0.03; Chromium, 0.00 0.03, copper, less than 0.01. The results of this study indicate that most of the concentrations of the heavy elements in the samples under study are allocated within the safety ranges except for cobalt and lead. Their concentrations have been found to be high in some water samples (Khodaid al- Ssaaid, Mashrou Al Ssaaid, and Beir Dars). Regarding the concentrations of the light elements and the anions, all have been found to be within the allowed ranges specified internationally and locally.

Abst.: Chem. 09A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 327- 334

Voltammeteric determination of Thiocarbamide using carbon paste electrode modified with crown ethers

Mohsen A Al-Gahri Chemistry Department, College of Education Aden, University of Aden

Abstract Analyzing fertilizers as well as insecticides becomes among the vital topics, nowadays, due to the importance of the determination of their traces in the agricultural products, soil and water, which are directly related to the human safety and health This paper is an inventive method to measure the low concentration of thiocarbamide voltammeterically by using modified carbon paste electrode modified with crown ether (dibromodibenzo-18-crown 6). The method shows high sensitivity in determining traces of thiocarbamide (1x10-3 - 1x10- 5 mol/lit.), though in the existence of some metallic interferences

Abst.: Chem. 10A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 335- 350

The chemical analysis of dates from Hudaida and Lahj Governerates T.A.Fadhl and Y.A.Kassim College of Education (Aden) Department of chemistry Aden University

Abstract

All samples of different types of dates in this study had been collected from various places in Hudaida Governerate (17 types) and Lahj Governerate (12 types). We have studied the physical and chemical properties for all these types. The chemical analysis shows that: For Hudaida (earlier) types reduced sugar percentage (% w/w) ranged between 26.58 61.77 As for minerals analysis shows that such dates contain (mg/100g): Sodium, 1.92 47.81; Potassium, 20.50 431.35; Calcium, 1.21 13.95; Iron, 0.68 3.28. As for Lahj Dates the analysis showed: a. Reduced sugar (% w/w) The proportion ranged between 16 32. b. Minerals (mg/100g): Sodium, 4.38 34.50; Potassium, 152.9 754.5; Calcium, 1.96 9.17; Iron, 0.63 3.82; Copper, 0.007 0.065; Nickel, 0.04 0.21; Cobalt, 0.005 0.24; Tin, 0.14 1.27; Cadmium, 0.00 The chemical analysis indicates that the percentage of reduced sugar for Lahj types in general is lower than that of Hudaida. As for minerals although show slightly different in some types, but almost they are the same.

Abst.: Chem. 11E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 459- 463

A new ferulate ester, Yaharulate-I, from Plumeria bicolor

Aidroos M. H. Al-Yahari Department of Basic Sciences Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden - Republic of Yemen

Abstract The present communication deals with a chemical and phytochemical investigation of the chloroform extract of the stem bark of Plumeria bicolor (Apocynaceae) yielded a new long chain ester 1 along with two known iridoids 2 & 3. This is the first report of the occurrence of 1 as a natural product from this species. The structure of the compound was established on the basis of spectral data (IR, PMR, CMR, and MS).

Vol. 5. No. 1

Abst.: Chem. 12E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001: 121- 133

Charge transfer of some aniline and pyridine derivatives Khalid Y. Abid and A.R. Tahir Sana'a University - Yemen Al- Tahady University - Libya

Abstract

The appearance of an intense absorption band that is not present in the sepaCharge transfer (CT) complexes (1:1) of aniline, pyridine and some of their derivatives (electron donors) with P-benzoquinone (BQ) and m-dinitrobenzene (DNB) (electron acceptors) affords different coloured complexes. Physical and analytical data are in agreement with the expected prepared complexes. Molar conductivity of these complexes show some semi-conducting behaviour and a consideration of these data, together with IR and UV spectroscopic data, given the conclusion that these complexes are weak and of charge transfer type.

Key words: Charge Transfer, Aniline , Pyridine

Vol. 5. No. 2

Abst.: Chem. 13E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 363- 374

Lead levels in deciduous teeth of children in Yemen Rokhsana M. Ismail Chemistry Dept. -Faculty of Education -University of Aden

Abstract To determine lead exposure among children in Yemen a total of 280 shed deciduous whole teeth were collected from 269 children. Teeth were analyzed for lead concentrations using atomic absorption spectrophotometry (SP9 Philips) with electro thermal atomization. Children were between 5 and 15 years old. The study period extended from April 1999 to August 2000. The study showed that the overall mean tooth - lead level was 2.15 mg/g dry weight with a range of 0.05- 30.4 mg/g dry weight.

The cumulative frequency distribution revealed that 35% of the teeth had a lead concentrations of more than 2 mg/g dry weight. The lead concentration differed according to the toath type and age. The child's sex. nationality, area of residence and socio - economic status had no impact on tooth - lead level. In conclusion, lead is present in toxic concentrations in 35% of the teeth of the children studied. Urgent measures are needed to eliminate lead from gasoline, paint and other sources in the environment.

Keywords; Lead, dentist, chemical environment , children.

Vol. 7. No. 1

Abst.: Chem. 14A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 57-70

A Study of the optimum provisos for extracting the essences from the seeds of Yemeni palm dates Rokhsana M. Ismail1, Husain Al-Gohary2 and Nader Dagestani2 1Chemical Dept. Faculty of Education University of Aden Yemen 2Faculty of Chemical Engineering - Homs University of Al-Baath Syria

Abstract

This research study has dealt with certain important transitions which are introduced into the two processes of extraction (liquid - solid body) and the impacts of such transitions in the processes of abstraction of essences from the nucleates of the Yemeni dates, the Migraf variety from the region of Seiyun in the . It is from the product of 1999. The impacts of the type of dissolvent used, temperature and the time of the process of extracting the quantity of oil abstracted by using five basic dissolvent namely; Hexane , benzene ether , ethyl alcohol , benzene and 2-chloro ethane. Also, the impact of the volume of the dissolvent on the quantity of the extracted was studied whereas the relationship between the yield with the changing of the volume of the dissolvent. The effect of the form of the solid substance on the process of extraction has been studied, whereas research reviewed and the relationship between the yield of oil and the changing of the form of the solid substance is studied too.

The quality and quantity of the oil have also been estimated, it contains oleic acid with 53%.

Keywords: Seeds of palm dates, fatty acids, technology of extraction.

Abst.: Chem. 15E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 125- 131

Photocatalytic oxidation of Methyl -p- Tolyl Sulfide by 02 over Titanium Dioxide Ahmed M. Saeedan Department of Chemistry - College of Education - University of Aden

Abstract The oxidation of methyl -p-tolyl sulfide in liquid phase by O2 over UV-illuminated TiO2 at room temperature has been studied. From the effects of the mass of the catalyst, solvent and the flow rate of oxygen, it is concluded that the reaction is photocatalytic. The products obtained are the corresponding sulfoxide and sulfone, with selectivity at sulfur atom. The oxidation products have been postulated to proceed through an intermediate which could be a supersulfoxide and which react with a second molecule of sulfide or by rearrangement. A reaction mechanism is proposed.

Key words: Photoctalytic oxidation, Titanium Dioxide, Semiconductor.

Vol. 7. No. 2

Abst.: Chem. 16E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 251- 256

Trace elements contents in sea water along 200 km strip of the Hadramout Coast

N.A. Al-Shawafi 1 M.S.H.Al-Kahali2, and A.A. Ba-Isa 2 1Department of Environment, College of Science, Sana'a University, Yemen. 2Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sana'a University, Yemen.

Abstract The contents of trace elements in sea water samples, collected from five sites along the coast of Hadramout were determined. The mean concentrations values for Cd, Co, Mn, Cr, Pb, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and V were 0.800, 0.306, 0.027, 0.074, 0.065, 0.065, 0.054, 0.042, 0.034, and 0.046ug/1 respectively. The results show an increase in concentrations of trace elements compared to previous study. Nevertheless, the studied sites are not considered to be dangerously polluted, despite the recent increase in oil and human activities along the coast.

Keywords: trace elements, seawater, Hadramout coast, oceanographic parameters, oil pollution.

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Chem. 17A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 437- 448

Quantitative determination of Harmine and Harmaline by HPLC in seeds and leaves of Yemeni Beganum harmala(As-saeed)

Taha Abubaker Fadhl Chemistry Dept. College of Education - Aden University

Abstract This study included three samples of Beganum harmala. Two of them represent seeds and leaves, and brought in June 2001, after being dried naturally, from Shaeb Al- Nubi in As-saeed (at Shabwa governorate, Yemen). The third sample which represents Indian seeds of the same plant was taken just for comparison. In this study, the harmine and harmaline contents were determined by analyzing the extract of the three samples using HPL Chromatography. The results of these examinations show that minimum concentrations of harmine and hannaline were observed in leaves sample (Shabwa), and the highest concentration was in the seeds sample (Shabwa). The results of this study also show that the concentration of harmine alkaloid is more than the concentration of harmaline in all studied sample(s).

Key words: Yemeni Beganum harmala; Zygophyllaceae ; Harmine ; Harmalina ; HPLC.

Vol. 8. No. 1

Abst.: Chem. 18A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 181- 194 Synthesis and characterization of some 2-(N-benzoyl-N-pyrid-2-yl aminobenzyl)-aminobarbituric acids Via N-benzylidene pyridine-2- amines Mohammed H. Al-Douh*, Ali A. Al-Fatlawy**, and Obaid H. Abid***. *Chemistry Dept., Faculty of Education, Hadhramout University of Science and Technology (HUST), Mukalla, Hadhramout, Republic of Yemen. [email protected] or [email protected]

**Chem. Dept., College of Science, Univ. of Babylon, Babylon, Iraq ***Chem. Dept., College of Science, Univ. of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq.

Abstract N-Benzylidene pyridine-2-amines (I) [Schiff bases] were prepared by condensation of 2-aminopyridine with aromatic aldehydes in boiling absolute ethanol. The reaction of Schiff bases with benzoyl chloride in dry benzene afforded N-( -chlorobenzyl)-N-pyrid-2-yl benzamides (II). Guanidine carbonate underwent a nucleophilic substitution reaction with N-( -chlorobenzyl)-N-pyrid-2-yl benzamides (II) in basic medium to give N-benzoyl-N-pyrid-2-yl aminobenzyl- guanidines (III). Diethyl malonate DEM underwent condensation in basic medium with N-benzoyl-N-pyrid-2-yl aminobenzylguanidines (III) to give 2-(N-benzoyl-N-pyrid-2-yl aminobenzyl)-aminobarbituric acids (IV). These barbituric acid derivatives were identified by their m.ps, elemental analysis (CHN), IR spectra, UV-Vis. spectra, FTIR spectra, and 1HNMR spectra. The barbituric acid derivatives have long been known to possess hypnotics activity, and it is hoped that our compounds would do so.

Keywords: aminopyridines, aminobarbituric acids, Schiff bases and N- benzylidene pyridine-2-amines.

Vol. 8. No. 2

Abst.: Chem. 19E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004: 281- 290

Heavy metal pollutants in surficial sediments from different coastal sites in , Yemen

A. A. Ali, and. A. A. Baharoon College of Education, Aden. University of Aden.

Abstract:

Concentrations of Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Co, Cr, Mn and Fe in surficial sediments (<63µm) from the shores in Aden governorate were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. The obtained concentration data show significant regional variations concerning both the total and leachable metals in sediments. Total metal concentrations of Cd and Pb were greatest in sediments from Labor Island; Cu, Cr, and Fe occurred in the highest levels in Bandar Fuqum sediments, while maximum levels of Mn, Co, and Ni were observed in sediments from Sahel Abyan and Fuqum. Labile, easily extractable species of metals such as Cd and Pb, are similar to their total concentrations, and additionally Cu, Zn, Cr, and Fe, were found in the highest concentrations in sediments from Labor Island. Sediments from Sahel Abyan and Khawr Bir Ahmed were characterized by a maximum accumulation of bioavailable species of Co and Mn, respectively. The linear regression slopes for metals correlated were < 1, this explains the slow enrichment of these metals in the sediments, and attributes their geological nature.

Key words: Heavy metals, pollutants, surficial sediments, Aden shores.

Vol. 8. No. 3

Abst.: Chem. 20E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 487- 493

Hydrogenation of phenylacetylene over the surfaces of ( Pt- Pd ) / Al2 O3 and ( Pt Pd- Ce) / Al2O3 alloys

Rokhsana M. Ismail and Ahlam K. Imad Aden University Al-Baath University Chemistry Department Chem. Eng. Department Yemen Syria

Abstract

In the hydrogenation of phenylacetylene over several ( Pt- Pd ) / Al2 O3 alloys and mechanical mixture, it was found that Pt enhances the activity without affecting the semi-hydrogenation selectivity of Pd in both the alloys and the mixtures. The alloys are of lower activity, but of slightly higher selectivity than the mixtures. Incorporation of 10% Ce to the ( Pt Pd ) / Al2O3 alloys has increased its activity by 60%, but it did not change its selectivity.

Keywords: Heterogeneous catalysis, hydrogenation , transition metals.

5. ENGINEERING

Vol. 1. No. 1 Abst.: Eng. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1 (1) 1996 : 27 45

Calculating critical speeds of flexible rotors using Myklestad-prohl method A. M. Fareed, Faculty of Engineering University of Aden, Aden

Abstract Myklestad-Prohl method using transfer matrix technique may be regarded as an effective tool for lateral vibration analysis of structures, like beams; aeroplane wings etc., and for the calculation of forced vibration due to unbalanced masses. Following Finite-Element approach a dynamic system may be suitably analytically modelled. The determination of the mathematical model is the first step in the vibration analysis of the dynamic system. The characteristic determinant of this model is then solved under, different boundary conditions. More complicated engineering problems can be handled using the above technique. As a case study, the 25 Mw steam turbine rotor of Alheswa Thermal Power Station in Aden has been dynamically analyzed under different end conditions of the shaft. To check the above results, the matrix iteration method by Doncan and Collar has been adopted. Theoretical results obtained agree to a fairly good extent with the practical data.

Abst.: Eng. 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied-Sciences 1 (1) 1996 : 47 - 65

Energy status and energy conservation in Yemen Salem M. Bin Ghadi and Mohamed A. Mukbel Faculty of Engineering - University of Aden

P.O. Box 5243, Maalla-Aden, Yemen

Abstract Yemen is a developing country depends mainly on oil and natural gas for its energy needs. The electrical is still at starting phase of development. Moreover, the energy legislations are not applicable in most aspects of life. This paper gives briefly the status of energy in Yemen and analysis of suggests some evident proposals for implementation in order to play an important role in energy conservation and efficiency use of energy. Among these suggestions, it is necessary to establish rules and legislations for efficient use of energy in all aspects of its application

Vol. 1. No. 2

Abst.: Eng. 03E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1(2) 1996: 29- 42

Optimization location of open points in a ring distribution system of 11 kv A. S Bahaidara and A. M. Saleh Elect. Engg. Department , Faculty of Engineering University of Aden

Abstract In this paper the optimum location of the open points in a ring distribution system of 11 kv is investigated and practically handled for the network of Almounsora and Sheikothman. The performance of a full analysis for the state of the existing network, which is necessary for this investigation has been presented. The network contains eight feeders out going from two main primary substations . These feeders are designed to form open rings , where each ring constitutes of two feeders whose ends are separated by disconnecting device, "open point ". The determination of the optimum location of open points (eighteen open points) for open rings in the system is achieved by the load flow programme . This is done by using Newton Raphson Method and the obtained output result contains the results of both busbars and branches. From these results many important remarks can be introduced for different feeders . After finding the optimum location of open points, the total losses are decreased by 31.22% , which shows the advantages of optimum locations of the proposed open points. Also

the bus voltages are improved after optimization location of open points .

Abst.: Eng. 04E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1(2) 1996: 43-52

Off- line programming of robotic spot welding Abdulla Bahashwan and Mohamed Ba-Saleem Department of Mechanical Engg. University of Aden -Republic of Yemen

Abstract One of the major area of applications of industrial robots is spot welding. It is found that is well suited for the development of automation of the industry. In spot welding, off line programming technique is considered an important requirement for CAD/ CAM Robot weld cell. This paper takes into consideration apart from other things, the development of programming of welding robots, the various elements of robot weld programme and the superiority of welding robot over manual welder .

Abst.: Eng. 05E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1(2) 1996: 53-74

Analytical study of a compensated 400 KV transmission line A.S BIN SAROOR Electrical and Electronics Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering , University of Aden , Republic of Yemen .

Abstract Long extra high voltage transmission systems require the use of series capacitors and shunt reactors. The purpose of these equipments is forced to reduce series reactance and shunt susceptance of the lines , so as to improve system stability and voltage control , increase the efficiency of power transmission as well as reduce the transient over voltages . This paper is aimed at the study and analysis of the compensated line performance . For this purpose, the contributions reported in series and shunt compensated line are briefly reviewed for an insight into the various aspects . Next the exercise is carried out for evaluating the expressions of line parameters and compensation efficiency for three schemes of twin capacitor as well as combination of series shunt compensations. Further, the performance factors for a 400 KV compensated transmission line are extensively analyzed. The salient features of the results and conclusion are included .

Abst.: Eng. 06E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1(2) 1996: 75-89

Structural dynamics modification using eigenvalue modification procedure with viscous damping Abdul Mannan Fareed Faculty of Engineering , University of Aden

Abstract Constructive modification of dynamic structures in the presence of viscous damping and hence complex modes is described in this paper. The algorithm suggested for the solution of the eigenvalue problem of the basic or modified system is based thoroughly on the iterative Jacobi method. A different algorithm for the solution of eigenvalue problem has been compared with results obtained in this paper to show the validity of the suggested algorithm. Results obtained were fairly good . Jacobi method has been used to solve both real and complex eigenvalue problem .

Abst.: Eng. 07E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1(2) 1996: 91-99

The use of a mixture of propane and butane for domestic refrigerators M. Hammad , M. Alsaad and A. Habash Faculty of Engineering , University of Jordan , Amman , Jordan

Abstract

This work tries to find a replacement to the Freon R-12, which is used in domestic refrigerators. Freon R-12 is one of the highly Ozone

Depletion Potential materials (ODP), and Montreal Protocols (MP) of 1987 regulations categorized it as highly damaging and should be abandoned in the first stage of the CFCs phase out . The proposed replacement of Freon R-12 for the present application is a mixture of Butane (67%) and propane (33%) . This gas is best known as Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) . It is the domestic cooking and heating gas in Jordon, and can easily be found in bottles of size of about 12.5 kgs, in the local market . A locally manufactured R-12 refrigerator was denoted by the manufacturer for this research. The refrigerator has a gross capacity of 320 liters, and is a 150 Watts machine . Results revealed a Coefficient of Performance (COP) up to 5.9 at an o evaporation temperature (TE) of 5 C and condensing temperature(Tc) o o of 28 C , and ambient temperature (Tc) of 19 C.

Vol. 2. No. 1

Abst.: Eng. 08E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2(1) 1998: 83-100

Application of state estimation Algorithms in Aden Power System Ahmed. M. Saleh and A. Aziz S. Bahaidara Electrical Engineering Department- Faculty of Engineering- University of Aden

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to apply the statistical Algorithms of state estimation in the Aden power system. These methods are based on J(x) test and Hypothesis testing for detecting and identification of bad data in the system. The algorithms of state estimation are investigated and a modeling programme is constructed for these methods. The programme is written in Turbo-Pascal and adapted in AT-Personal Computer: The results of the simulation carried out for Aden power system are presented.

Abst.: Eng. 09E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2(1) 1998: 101- 111

Liquefied petrol gas as an R-12 replacement

M. Hammad, M. Alsaad and A. Habash Mechanical Engineering Department Faculty of Engineering and Technology-University of Jordan, Amman 11942- Jordan

Abstract In the present work, the R-12 charge of a normal household refrigerator (321,148 kcal/h, 172 W) was replaced a charge of Liquefied Petrol Gas (L. P.G). The LPG charge consists of: 26.4% Propane, 56.4% Butane and 17.2% ISO-Butane. The implication of using LPG as a refrigerant in domestic refrigerators for which the charge does not exceed 200 grams are investigated. These implications are related to: power consumption, refrigeration capacity, Coefficient of performance, charge mass, time of operation, availability, costs and environmental factors. Higher values of Coefficient of Performance (COP), and lower compressor work were obtained by using L.P.G. For all other parameters such as environmental impact, availability and cost, the LPG is considered very attractive to be used as a replacement for R-12 in household refrigerators

Abst.: Eng. 10E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2(1) 1998: 113- 126

A New Algorithm for mechanical design of overhead conducter Abdulaziz Salem Bahaidara Electrical & Electronic Engg. Dept. Faculty of Engg., University of Aden - Republic of Yemen

Abstract This paper deals with mechanical design of overhead line conductors for the range of voltage from 0.4 KV to 400 KV. A practical method of mechanical design of line conductors is elaborated and new computer algorithm and programmes are developed. The physical- mechanical properties and the loadings acting on the phase conductors and ground wires of overhead lines are determined. The sag tension relations, permissible clearances, effect of variation of the temperature, wind, ice and changes in the stresses are studied. For finding the operating condition for maximum stress in the conductor and maximum sag, the criteria- critical span and critical temperature are used respectively. Also string charts are prepared for stringing the conductors and adjusting them to the paper sag and

tension . The proper sag and tension . The elaborated programmes are written in FORTRAN-77 and adopted for personal computer .

Vol. 3. No. 1

Abst.: Eng. 11E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(1) 1999: 35-45

Optimal power flow with steady state security

A.M. Saleh and A.S. Bahaidra Electrical & Electronics Engg. Department Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden

Abstract

The optimal power flow (OPF) problem plays an important role in power systems planning and operation. OPF determines the control variables such as real power generations, generator voltages, transformer tap settings and phase shifter angles for static security while optimizing a given objective function, e.g. minimum cost of power generation . In this paper a nonlinear programming is formulated and investigated for OPF solution for Aden power system, using Newton Raphson method in slate estimation program to find the initial state variables of the system. Steady state security analysis is used to determine whether the power system is secure and could stand the outage of certain lines without a system emergency. In order to obtain the optimum solution of the presented problem, computer program is applied, to minimize the objective function and to calculate the penalty factors (transmission loss factors). The results are discussed, recommendation and conclusions are indicated.

Abst.: Eng. 12E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(1) 1999: 47-55

Thermal comfort requirements of buildings in hot-humid cities in Yemen

Ahdulla H. Algifri and Hussein A. AI-Towaie Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Maala, Aden - Republic of Yemen

Abstract The major climate characteristics of the hot-humid regions is the combination of high temperature and high humidity. This paper discusses the thermal comfort requirements of buildings for hot-humid cities in Yemen. The parameters discussed include building materials, thermal mass, layout, shape, colour, ventilation, and orientation with respect to the wind and the sun.

Abst.: Eng. 13E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(1) 1999: 57-69

Optimization of availability of a reparable system with intermittent operation A.A.Bahashwan1 and Mohd Salem Awad2 1 Faculty of Engineering- University of Aden, Yemen, ALYEMEN--Airlines of Yemen

Abstract

Availability of a system operating over a long period of time has been worked out as a probability that the system is available for use by treating the process of its up and down states of a Markov chain. The cycle consisting of an operating period plus an idle period is repeated indefinitely, the two stage transition probability of Markov chain has been found out by assuming its repair time distribution as an exponential probability function. This turns out to be a regular Markov chain. Its equilibrium distribution of probability of states gives the availability of the system. The availability is a function of reliability and maintainability of the system that has been optimized to yield the optimal values of rate of failure and rate of service.

Abst.: Eng. 14E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(1) 1999: 71-82

Condition monitoring: Experimental and numerical study of spur gear faults in qearbox *M. AI- Attas, **J. Mahfoudh and **C. Bard *Faculty of Engineering - University of Aden ** Laboratory CASM, 1NSA - Lyon - France

Abstract The study of the dynamic behavior of gearboxes is one which has received attention in the literature and statistical studies of gearbox failure have clarified that gears represent approximately 60 % of existing damage. Several studies were made on the effects of gear faults on vibrations and noise. Fault signatures were defined and procedures for fault detection were proposed. Now, the question is to define fault thresholds. As an experimental determination appears not simple, thresholds can be defined by comparing the dynamic tooth root stress due to a fault to a fatigue limit of the gear material and by relating the type and the depth of the fault to the vibration levels and tooth root stress increase. The experimental study of the gear fault effect on bearing vibrations enables us to define descriptors which indicate the presence of fault and its nature, the experimental study will be shortly summed up, then a numerical model will be developed involving validation with respect to previous experimental studies. The dynamic tooth load and tooth root stress with and without fault will be presented and the risks of tooth failure due to stress fluctuations were discussed.

Abst.: Eng. 15E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(1) 1999: 83-90

Testing of mechanically clamped hard alloy cutting tips Khairallah, S. M. and Aljaroo, Sh. A. Mech. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng., University of Aden, Yemen

Abstract

Assignment of the proper cutting tool to perform a specific machining process plays a significant role in increasing of productivity and continuous improvement of product quality. This role mainly deals with the performance evaluation of the widely used mechanically clamped-hard alloy tip turning tools having different materials of the tip and its supporting plate. Along with that, different methods for performance and quality evaluations of the required cutting tools had been illustrated. In this paper the dynamic characteristic of the cutting tool system, confirming the tool life tests, had been used as performance and quality indices of turning tools. It was obtained that the tip and its supporting plate materials have a considerable effect on tool life and dynamic characteristic and hence on tool workability. Interest results were obtained with tools having tungsten free cutting

tips (Titanium carbide) supported by titanium-tantalum hard alloy plates.

Vol. 3. No. 2

Abst.: Eng. 16E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 49-59

A new material for improving bearing capacity Faisal Shamsher Faculty of Engineering. University of Aden

Abstract

This paper presents the results of triaxial tests conducted on large diameter specimens to assess the improvement in bearing capacity of granular material due to geogrid reinforcements both with micro-mesh elements and circular discs.

Abst.: Eng. 17E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 61-74

Study of the effect of simulated gear faults on dynamic behaviour of a geared system M. Al-Attas Faculty of Engineering - University of Aden

Abstract

The use of vibration measurements in preventive maintenance is surveyed. Specific aspect of its application for detecting the early development of failures in gearboxes and particularly on gears are discussed and several procedures are evaluated. In this paper the effect of local faults on gears have been studied in different domains of analysis ( time, frequency and wavelet domains), and a number of statistical parameters that permit the quantification of such fault effect have been chosen.The second step, is to define thresholds of fault effect level, it consists in simulating dynamic behaviour numerically and experimentally in the presence of faults,and comparing the level of statistical descriptors with respect to the tooth dynamic effort levels.

Abst.: Eng. 18E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 75-84

Production of metal single crystals and growth parameters effect Sh. A. Aljaroo, and S. M. Kheirallah, Mech. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng,, University of Aden, Yemen

Abstract

Metal of single crystals are necessary for many applications; such as solid-state electronic components (transistors) metallurgy and metal fanning. The quality of single crystals is dependent to a great extent on the process and parameters employed for their production. In this paper different methods for producing single crystals of various materials have been introduced and the effect of certain growth parameters have been determined. Results show that the production of long and thin single crystal strips of homogeneous electrical properties and uniform dislocation distribution is possible. These single crystal strips satisfy the requirements of their application and simplify the apparatus and automation of their production.

Abst.: Eng. 19E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 85-98

Software for vibration analysis and modifications of dynamic behaviour of mechanical systems A. M. Fareed Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden

Abstract

A computer-based algorithm for the solution of the eigenvalue problem of original or modified structures with non-proportional damping has been developed. It consists of different techniques for finding the complex roots of the characteristic polynomial which is formed by using Chaley-Hamilton method. Computations of frequency-response-functions and structural modifications of a model, obtained from a theoretical analysis or using a model extracted from an experimental investigation, are possible in this software. Input and output data may be read from or saved in files with special formats. Techniques used for finding complex roots are: Mueller's method, Newton's method. and Jacobi method. The analytically or experimentally derived modal model may be used for structure modifications to study the variation in dynamic properties of mechanical structures. The different forms of frequency response functions are calculated and they may be printed or plotted directly. Numerical examples have been adopted to show the various facilities available in the locally developed software SYSMOD-97. Different analysis results arc illustrated in graphical and tabular manner.

Abst.: Eng. 20E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 99-110

Selecting the optimum time between overhaul of aircraft engines *Mohamed Al - Attas *Shawqi Aijaroo ** Mohamed Salem * Faculty of Engineering-University of Aden ** ALYEMENIA Airlines

Abstract

1t is well known that there are three types of primary maintenance process as hard time, on condition and condition monitoring. The first two are preventive maintenance while the last one is corrective maintenance. Depending on the situation and the relative costs, there are alternative policies that may be appropriate. The decision concerning the appropriate level of preventive maintenance rests on the balance of' costs that minimize the sum of preventive maintenance plus breakdown and repair costs. This paper presents an approach that permits the determination of the optimum Time Between Overhaul (T. B. 0) corresponding to the minimum total cost inquired to the survival life of engine and its flying hours, cycles, and cycle ratio. A tentative estimating distributions are assigned and depending on the best fit indicated by the high rank of coefficient of determination (R2), the suitable distribution is selected. An application of this approach on a sample data of JT8D-l through- 17AR Series engine removals supplied by large numbers of P & W company operators shows better results. concerning the optimum lime between overhaul. Moreover, the analysis shows that there is a considerable cost for those who select low T. B . O . policy

Abst.: Eng. 21E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 111- 123

Thermal performance of an Egyptian-Chinese biogas unit in Yemen

H. A. Al-Towaie and A. H. Algifri Department of Mech. Engg.. Faculty of Engineering University of Aden, Yemen

Abstract It is well known that the Biogas Technology (BGT) is a multi faceted technology that through rural application can have considerable impact on energy, agriculture. public health, sanitation, environment and rural women development. For these reasons Yemen has assigned a priority position in its renewable energy activities to BGT and is planning for the diffusion of this technology in different rural areas of the country. The climate of Yemen vary from region to region. It is known that the ground temperature is one among the most important factors, that affects the performance of the biogas system. The aim of the present work is to predict the performance of an Egyptian-Chinese biogas system at a number of places of different climatic conditions through the estimation of the gas production by carrying a thermal analysis of the unit. The results indicated that the mean ground temperature and gas production are in good agreement with the actual values recorded at Lahaj where a pilot biogas project was implemented. The results concluded that all the places considered in the study (i.e. Sana'a, Aden, Seiyun and Lahaj) are suitable for biogas implementation.

Vol. 4. No. 1

Abst.: Eng. 22E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 147- 160

Elastic and plastic elements for force measurement in upset metal forming Sh. Aljaroo, M. Al-Attas, S. Kheirallah Mech. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng., University of Aden, Yemen

Abstract The tendency of metal forming development is in the direction of utilizing high energy rate forming where the force measurement is difficult. The aim of this paper is to design elastic and plastic element for force measurement. For optimum design of the element a computer program is developed. It considers different materials, friction, forming rate, and forming temperature. Out of the analysis of different variants of stress distribution, the developed program calculates the forming force for any specified variant, determines the optimum element material and dimensions for any given range of force, and it indicates whether the element should be used as elastic or plastic element. Restrictions regarding die fixture are taken into consideration. The program had been tested and good results had been obtained.

Abst.: Eng. 23E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 161- 173 The effect of variable factors on dynamic characteristics of gear - hobbing machine

S. M. Kheirallah and Sh. A. Aljaroo Mech. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Eng., University of Aden, Yemen

Abstract Dynamic behavior of hobbing machine tool determines not only accuracy and quality of machined surfaces, but also productivity, hob and machine life and their earlier design consideration. Many factors affect the dynamic characteristics of the machine tools. The main variable factors among them are the hob-arbor natural frequency, hob velocity, so is the variable and constant loading (forces) of machine - hobbing process system. An interpolation mathematical model is proposed for the prediction of variable factor effect on the output characteristics of multi-degree of freedom machine tool system. The proposed model shows a good adequacy with the experimentally obtained results.

Vol. 4. No. 2 Abst.: Eng. 24E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 365- 375

Multi-purpose solar concentrator

Hussain A. Al-Towaie Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Yemen Email: [email protected]

Abstract

Solar concentrator is used efficiently for cooking. The author attempted to introduce additional units to the system which made it to be used in addition to cooking for water pasteurization, water distillation and water heating. An optimization process is carried out through a computer program to find out the optimum design of the system. On the basis of this analysis a prototype is fabricated and tested. The test of the system indicated that, the system produced 30 liters of pasteurized water and 45 liters of hot water at a temperature between 50 and 60 OC in a period of 6 hours. For the same period 4 liters of distilled water and 70 liters of hot water could be produced by the system. The developed system is considered to be very appropriate for use in Yemen and other countries which have high potential of solar energy and lack of conventional energy sources as well as problems of drinking water. It is concluded that this system is an effective tool in improving the living standards of the rural and remote areas people, arresting deforestation in places where wood is the primary source of energy and reducing the environmental pollution due to emission of carbon dioxide resulting from burning a huge amount of wood.

Keywords: Solar energy; Concentrator; Environment; Cooking; Water treatment.

Abst.: Eng. 25E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 377- 389

Investigation of an eventual utilization of solar Adsorption Ice Maker in Yemen

J. Abdul Aziz, and F. Meunier Basic Science Department Institut Francai de Froid Industriel (IFFI) Faculty of Engineering- CNAM- Paris University of Aden Abstract

The statistical correlation established from experimental data, using solar adsorption ice maker with activated carbon + methanol pair is used to evaluate heat extraction and production of ice for two characteristic types of climate in Yemen. The predicted performance shows that solar adsorption systems are technically feasible. More theoretical, experimental, and socio-economic study is to be realized to optimize these results.

Abst.: Eng. 26E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 397- 412

Estimation of bearing capacity of cultural centre site, in Al Ghaidha city

Faisal Shamsher and Omar Ba-Abbad Civil Engg. Dept, Faculty of Engineering, Aden University

Abstract The presence of rock-beds is adequate for most types of foundation. The engineer is not usually concerned with physical properties of the material forming the intact unweathered rock since its strength and compressibility are normally adequate for most foundation structures. It is essential to investigate the properties of the rock mass since these govern foundation behaviour and are relevant to problems of foundation construction. The present paper discussed the estimation of bearing capacity of cultural centre site in Al-Ghaidha city based on site investigation and studying type of soil/rock samples by conducting laboratory tests on soil and rock specimens to determine their index properties, the study also included visual observation, chemical analysis and geological description. To estimate allowable bearing pressure of the site, a comparison study of experimental and analytical results show great differences, therefore engineering judgment should be applied in this case.

Abst.: Eng. 27E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 413- 425

Energy quality deterioration by power electronic converters

Aidroos Zain Addes & Abdulhakim Saeed Noman Faculty of Engineering - University of Aden

Abstract Electric power stations generally provide voltage supply at the generating point that satisfies well the prescribed requirements in terms of magnitude, waveform and frequency. However, some deviations from the desirable values may occur at the point of common coupling: utility system-load. Depending on the amount of deviation, harmful effects may arise for both, load and utility system. One of the major sources for such ill effects is the power electronics converter, particularly the phase controlled line commutated type. This problem becomes more and more insistent with the rash increase in the applications of power electronics and the future trends for further domination of power electronic systems. This reality is imposed by the growing need of industrial systems, home appliances, and other loads for electric power conversion and control. It is a common task for the consumer as well as the utility companies to guarantee an adequate energy quality. Before measures are taken to realize such objective studies are necessary for analyzing the power converter-utility system interaction. The present work outlines the problem that a utility system may suffer from at the presence of power converter loads. It proposes a method for the problem analysis and prediction of energy quality deterioration in order to facilitate the decision to be taken for remedying the undesirable effects.

Vol. 5. No. 1 Abst.: Eng. 28E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001: 137- 150

Stability of parametric linear problems Ahmed Saleh Alhunaishi Faculty of Engineering-University of Aden

Abstract The mechanics of vibrating systems subjected to a prescribed parametric excitation can be described mathematically by a set of linear differential equations whose coefficients vary periodically with time. Linear theory defines the regions of instability at which amplitudes increase exponentially. Linear theory is not sufficient to determine the amplitude-frequency response of systems experiencing parametric excitation. The response of such systems can be obtained by including the relevant nonlinearities of the system.

Keywords: Vibration-Variable, elasticity-parametric, instability- periodic, time function, Mathieu's equation

Abst.: Eng. 29E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001: 151- 165

The use of two independent seismic methods to measure the shear modulus of soil Yassen A. Own Department of Civil Engineering - Faculty of Engineering, Sana'a University

Abstract There is a growing interest in the field seismic geophysics as a significant tool for providing geotechnical elastic parameters of soil and weak rocks which are undisturbed and at their in situ stress levels. Meaningful stiffness parameters have enabled to be determined from seismic velocity measurements. The measured values of stiffness have been employed for evaluation of deformation properties of geomaterial which is required for the prediction of the ground movement. This paper presents the use of two independent seismic methods. Both methods are based on surface techniques (s or shear waves) to measure the variation of shear modulus Ghh with depth in soft clay. The results of two surface-crosshole survey are compared with the results of a crosshole survey. The seismically-derived stiffness data are further compared with the results of laboratory tests previously conducted on samples of the same soil.

Key words: Site investigations, seismic geophysics. shear waves, stiffness of soil.

Vol. 5. No. 2

Abst.: Eng. 30E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 377- 387

Profile rolling of high-plastic aluminum strips Sh. A. Aljaroo Mech. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Yemen

Abstract Profile rolling of annealed aluminum strips of strip thickness between 0.5 and 0.8 mm becomes more difficult, especially at small profile arms and complex profile cross-sections. In these cases, the strips might be processed in hardened state. Hence, High-plastic aluminum strips might be cold worked before profile rolling. However, on one hand, the radius to thickness ratio increases that leads to spring rebound of the profile arms. On the other hand, avoiding fold- and crack formation necessitates limitations to the value of the maximum bending angle that is strong dependent on the bending length, as well as to the necking in the bending zone. The relative rolling clearance might affect the fold- and crack formation. This paper is devoted with experimental investigation on finding out the influencing factors and their effect on the value of the bending length, on the maximum necking in the bending zone, and on the starting force. The experiments had been conducted on profile rolling of different high-plastic aluminum alloys to angle-and U-profiles of various dimensions. According to the experimental results, the influencing factors were determined, and their effect was illustrated in mathematical functions. It could be concluded that considering these mathematical functions makes it possible to perform profile rolling of high-plastic aluminum strips of strip thickness less than 0.8 mm without fold- and crack formation.

Key words: Production, forming, rolling, aluminum.

Abst.: Eng. 31E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 389- 395 The effect of single and multiple tensile overload on fatigue life of welded joint A.A. Bahashwan and M.O. Ba-Saleem Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden - Yemen

Abstract

Single and multiple tensile overload tests are carried out on single edge notched specimen of IS 1020 steel welded by submerged arc welding is called in plate metal, weld metal and heat affecting zone. The fatigue life was found to increase with increasing in overload ratio and maximum load was constant. The number of overloads less than 10 cycles per band have almost same effect as single overload. Increasing the number of overload cycles 20, 40 per band increased the fatigue life showing the effect of residual stress on clamping crack propagation.

Keywords: Overloads; fatigue life; welded joints

Abst.: Eng. 32E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 397- 408

Experimental investigation to determine the geometric characteristics of a liquid film flowing around a horizontal enhanced tube M.KHAN*, P. SPECK** and P.K.PANDAY** (*) Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Maalla, Aden. Republic of Yemen (**) Institut de Genie Energetique, Universite de Franche-Comte. Belfort. France

Abstract This paper presents an optical investigation technique applying Laser Induced Fluorescence (L.I.F.) associated with laser tomography for experimental determination of the geometrical characteristics of liquid films flowing on a horizontal integral fin tube. The fins used are of trapezoidal shape. Image processing then permits to extract the meniscus curve. An equation for defining the form of the meniscus of the liquid flowing between the fins is given as a function of mass flow is deduced by using Mathematica. The results obtained are compared with equations proposed in the literature. Keywords: Enhanced surfaces ; liquid film(condensate); laser induced fluorescence and laser tomography; image processing ; mathematica

Abst.: Eng. 33E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 409- 416

Comparison of tool lives of coated carbide inserts in hot machining of Austenitic 18-8 stainless steel Abdulla A. Aziz A. Mageed and Ali A. Mageed Ali Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Maalla. Aden - Republic of Yemen

Abstract Austenitic 18-8 stainless steel is used over an extremely wide range of temperature due to its attractive properties but it is a difficult to machine material. Recently multilayer coated carbide insert have been developed and could be used to study machine Austenitic 18-8 stainless steel with increased productivity but very few studies have been made. Tool life is an important criterion for evaluating the performance of the tools. In this paper, the tool life models in hot machining of Austenitic 18-8 stainless steel with multicoated carbide inserts have been developed and their performances were compared.

Key words: Austenitic 18-8 stainless steel, tool lives, coated carbide inserts, hot machining.

Abst.: Eng. 34E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 417- 426

Influence of synchronous generator models on voltage Sag characteristics

G. A. Hazza Department of Electrical Engineering - Faculty of Engineering, Sana'a University Email: warethg@yahoo. com P.O. Box 13282, Sana'a Abstract A voltage sag is a reduction in voltage with a duration between half a cycle and several seconds. The ability to predict voltage sag frequency and the characteristics of the sag offers the opportunity to evaluate alternative configurations and to prevent problems due to equipment tripping. In previous voltage sag studies, the synchronous machine is modeled as an electromotive force behind a reactance. The main objective of this work is to study the influence of synchronous generator models on the voltage sag characteristics. For this purpose the synchronous generator simulation is performed with the full dynamic model and ending with the simplest one.

Keywords: Voltage sag; power quality; synchronous generator.

Abst.: Eng. 35A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 289- 311

Corrosion of steel reinforcement structures in Aden coast- A case- study Faisal Shamsher and Abubakr Baraheem Civil Engg. Dep. Faculty of Engineering, University Of Aden

Abstract

The reinforced concrete structures are considered the most structures spreading in Aden coasts due to its ability to resist the environmental conditions (humidity and salts). In the present paper, study of humidity and temperature effects on reinforced concrete structures within the marine environment. The paper also included a study of number of residential buildings of reinforced concrete structures built in years 1959 - 1999, which vary in their design, areas and heights, constructed in different regions nearest to Aden coast. An attempt has been made to evaluate the structures, cracks and various kinds of defects, in reinforced concrete elements to diagnosis its status for best solution to repair.

Keywords : Corrosion , humidity , temperature , R.C. structures.

Abst.: Eng. 36A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 313- 328

Characteristics and features of the traditional building in the city of Aden Saleh M. Mubarak1 Wadie A. Ghanem1 Ahmed I. Hanshour2 Faculty of Engineering - Aden University The General Authority for Antiquities

Abstract

The city of Aden is distinguished by its geographic location along the southwestern coast of the Arabian Peninsula, and it comprises of an old crater surrounded by lofty mountains sloping steeply towards the sea coast. In ancient times the city of Aden was famous among the cities of the Arabian Peninsula, and the reason for its fame and importance was its wealths and the strategic location of its port since thousands of years ago. Among the most significant evidence and splendour of the buildings in the city is tanks system, the construction of which dates back to various eras of the history of Aden city, and also the widespread castles and forts, and the walls on the peaks of the mountains, in addition to the stone-built mosques and residential buildings, which testify the presence of a building whose basic value is derived from the surrounding environment and the civilization heritage. This research deals with studying the features of the traditional building in the city of Aden which have begun to disappear and is being replaced by the imported modern building which possesses features that are not suitable to the environmental and climatic conditions. The research aims at familiarizing with the local architectural identity and its conformity with the environment and the manifestations of this conformity. The research will be concluded with some important recommendations, with the aim of marinating the remaining heritage of the traditional building of the city of Aden.

Key words: Traditional building, environment town planning, building elements, building materials, function building texture.

Vol. 6 No. 1

Abst.: Eng. 37A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 91-108

Reconstruction of Sana'a historical wall Yassin S. Sallam FOE- Sana'a University. P.O. Box 13829 - Sana'a, Republic of Yemen

Abstract The traditional method of building in Yemen becomes rarely in use nowadays due to the availability of a new construction materials which are easily to be used, increasing the production cost of the local material and the old carriers skill do not adopted by the new generation of the people. As the necessity of the restoration of some of the historical constructions, i.e. old Sana'a city and Shibam-Hadramawt becomes as a common demand, this have to he used a local material which the building had been made of. The purpose of this study is to investigate these materials, improving their properties and encouraging the people to use them. In this study properties of clay as the traditional material of construction were studied, and a various laboratory and field experiments were performed to show the possibilities of using this system of building as good enough to be adopted in the future for constructions and restoration of the old building. In addition, this study takes in particular the method of restoration of the southern part of the Sana'a historical wall into consideration and most of the tests were carried out concerning this construction.

Key Words: Restoration of the old building , traditional constructions, Sana'a historical wail

Abst.: Eng. 38E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 131- 147

Dynamic stress analysis in fibre - reinforced composite shafts with axially varying Fibre Layup and wall thickness

H. B. H. Gubran1 , A. A- Bahashwan1 and K. Gupta2 1Mech. Eng. Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden. Yemen 2Mech.EDepartment, Indian institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016. India

Abstract In this study, stress analysis in fiber- reinforced thin composite shafts subjected to unbalance excitation and steady torque, is carried out. Shafts of variable fibre layup and uniform wall thickness (VU) as well as variable fibre lay up and variable wall thickness (VV) are considered. The shaft is modeled as a simply supported Timoshenko beam in which shear deformation, rotary inertia and gyroscopic effects have been included. Beam theory has been adopted. Rayleigh-Ritz displacements are used for deriving the solution equations. In shafts with variable fibre layup and uniform wall Thickness(VU), the layup is varied,along the axial length of the shaft, whereas shaft wall thickness remains uniform. However, in variable fibre layup and variable wall thickness (VV), both the fibre layup and shaft wall thickness are varied along the shaft axial length. Four different cases have been studied. Axial variation of stresses is studied in detail. Results obtained indicate that it is possible to reduce stresses induced in the shafts. However, stresses in the variable fibre layup and variable wall thickness (VV) are smaller than the one with variable lay up and uniform wall thickness (VU), even for the same weight of the shaft.

Keywords: Composite shaft, unbalance excitation, stress, torque. Abst.: Eng. 39E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 149- 162

Spray characteristics of fuel injection in spark ignition (Gasoline) engine Saqaff A. Alkaff Mechanical Engineering Department. Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden

Abstract An intermittent fuel spray produced by the injection system of a WIRA 1.6 L engine (multi port fuel injection MPI) is used in this study. The main objective of this study is to investigate the fuel spray characteristics for the sake of the use of such fuel spray for a direct fuel injection (DFI) of SI engine. The fuel spray characteristics such as the spray angle, spray penetration, and other parameters were studied using a Laser Imaging System. The Fuel droplet size (diameter) and velocities in the radial and vertical directions have been measured using Particle Dynamic Analyzer (PDA) system. The experiments were conducted an engine speed range of 1000 to 3500 rpm,

Results reveal that the spray angle at all engine speeds is about 36.8 , the core of the spray is characterized by a dense fuel droplets which penetrate at a distance of about 18 cm. A dense fuel vapor pocket is formed immediately below the nozzle lip. Fuel leaves the nuzzle holes as solid liquid jet and penetrates at a distance of about 12 mm before it breaks down to small droplets. At all engine speeds, the fuel droplet diameter is in the range of 72 to 78 µm. The fuel droplet diameter shows a tendency to increase at the outer boundary of the spray. The droplet velocity in the vertical direction is observed to be in the range of 1.4 to 5.5 m/s. However in the radial direction, fuel droplets velocity is 0.1 to 1.4 m/s. Moreover, the droplet velocities in both directions are more at the boundary of the spray than at the spray core.

Keywords: Spray characteristics ; direct fuel injection ; droplet size; spray penetration.

Abst.: Eng. 40E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 163- 174

Optimization of the compression thermosetting process for better quality through experimental design

Abdulla A, Aziz A. Mageed Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of- Engineering, University of Aden. Maalla. Aden Republic of Yemen

Abstract Manufacturing parameters can be optimized to yield better quality at low cost by the use of experimental design. The present paper deals with the application of Taguchi method of experimental design for the thermosetting process used for the manufacturing electrical plate-switches. The parameters of the compression thermosetting process are optimized for better quality and low cost using response surface approach. Analysis of variance reveals that, out of eight controllable parameters, only five were more effective and their levels were also determined to yield the best results.

Keywords: Manufacturing engineering, experimental design. total quality management, plastic products.

Abst.: Eng. 41E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 235- 239

Analysis of folded plate by a layered finite element

Yousef N. Assalimy Civil Engineering Department Sana'a University. Sana'a, Yemen

Abstract The service level response of long reinforced concrete folded plate structures is analyzed using the finite difference (FD) and layered, finite forcing and us influence on cracking and deflection behavior. This is considered as important as studying the collapse behavior and is certainly a preliminary step in such a study. In the FD method, the cracks are constrained to occur in the longitudinal and/or transverse directions, and also only the bending stiffness corresponding to the crack point is modified. Such restrictions are relaxed in the FE method. The analytical results are compared with available experimental results from well-executed, model studies. Keywords: folded plate; reinforced concrete; finite different; finite element, cracking, deflection.

Vol. 6 No. 2

Abst.: Eng. 42E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(2) 2002: 361- 374 Adequate photovoltaic systems for remote areas in Yemen Gueldner H.*; Aidroos Z. Addes** and Abdulhakim S. Noman* ** Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden

Abstract Photovoltaic systems (PVS) may offer a reliable alternative for satisfying loci demand on electrical energy in the remote areas in the developing countries. Preliminary to the adoption of a photovoltaic system, it is necessary to develop investigations on the different system configurations. This work provides a basis for further constructive thought and action in this important field. It presents an example of village power supply based on a PVS adopted to remote areas in Yemen.

Keywords; Photovoltaic systems, simulation of photovoltaic systems, solar generator, photovoltaic hybrid systems.

Abst.: Eng. 43E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(2) 2002: 375- 387

Selecting the best tool changing policy in production flow line

Amin A. Mokbel Mechanical Engineering, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen

Abstract In multi-stage production flow lines the choice of tool changing procedures and the tool changing time intervals are critical to the overall efficiency and economy of the production. The amount of work done at each stage is different in that the tool life at each stage is generally different. The difficulties caused by tool life variability tend to increase the number of tools used in machine operation. Large variability in the life of the cutting tools can cause excessive amount of downtime, and greatly increases the risk of producing bad parts. In this paper an algorithm was developed to determine the best tool changing strategy for a multi-station production line. The algorithm consists of two parts; an optimization routine to determine the optimal machine conditions for each machine in the production line and a simulation package. The output of this routine was then fed into the simulation package. This package was used lo simulate the production flow in a line consisting of several machines with or without buffers under different tool changing policies. Thus the policy that gives the highest production rate was selected for the given line. Tool changing policies have important effect on production line productivity. Several investigators have studied this problem. However, the combined effect of tool changing policy and the effect of intermediate buffers on the production line has not been studied hitherto. This is the first reported attempt to study this mutual effect,

Key words: Optimization, simulation, tool life, tool change , flow line.

Vol. 6. No. 3

Abst.: Eng. 44A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(3) 2002: 555- 566

The effect of air conditioning systems on the strength and physiothermal properties of clay walls of the Yemeni historical city of Shibam. Ba-Raadi A.A*., AL-Sagaf M.A*., Kersh V.Ya.** * Faculty of Engineering - University of Hadramout ** Odessa Academy of Refrigeration -Ukraina , P.O. Box 8615

Abstract

The paper studies the effect entering of air conditioning on the clay walls constructions of the historical houses of Shibam, and the variation on the physiothernal properties. The results obtained from this study confirms that the heat conduction coefficient of the actual clay block under study and comparison with its value at the perevailing conditions for the city of Shibam increased by 0.5 - 1% approximately, and the heat capacity in average increases by 0.4%. Conseuently, the paper concludes that the deviation value in the physiothennal properties is not critical at the extreme operations condition for air conditioning systems inside the historical houses, and by application it confirms the possibility of non- occurance of any future defects on the structural constructions of the walls of historical house.

Keywords: Air conditioning ; strength ; physiothennal properties ; clay wall Shibam.

Abst.: Eng. 45E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(3) 2002: 567- 578

Design and planning of Cellular Manufacturing System: A multi objective modeling using Fsqp

Ali A.Majeed Ali Mechanical Engineering Dept. - Faculty of Engineering - University of Aden

Abstract Design and planning of Cellular Manufacturing System (CMS) is a complicated problem since it includes a multiple, conflicting objectives and a set of restrictions such as capacity of machines and demand requirements. In this paper, a multi-objective mathematical programming model is formulated to study the effect of more than one objective on the routing flexibility. Four non-linear objective functions are set to describe a real life problem with the existence of alternative process plans. Data set from the literature is selected and a material handling cost is imposed for the inter-cell movements. The model developed is solved by Feasible Sequential Quadratic Programming (FSQP) Approach and the results obtained are found to be optimum.

Keywords: Cellular Manufacturing System, Sequential Quadratic Programming, Multi-objective optimization , Production Planning.

Abst.: Eng. 46E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(3) 2002: 579- 594

Application of the spatial method for reconstructing image samples in the modern TV Camera

Mussa Mohamed Ahmed Electronics and Communications Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden-Yemen

Abstract Spatial reconstruction of the lost color samples (from group of original samples) at the output of charge-coupled devices (CCD) camera arrays requires investigations on resolution loss and its compensation. This paper investigates a number of aspects of numerical methods for spatial interpolation. The discussion includes the Lagrange, Linear extrapolation and Hermit cubic-spline methods. To the extent possible to this survey, the numerical methods mentioned are looked at in the context of problems arising in practical applications in the field of TV techniques and especially in the modem cameras.

Key words: Numerical methods ; filter interpolator; CCD camera.

Vol. 7. No. 1

Abst.: Eng. 47A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 83-99

Absorbed humidity calculations for the clay walls of the houses of the Yemeni historical city of Shibam

Abdulla Ahmed Ba-Raadi and Mohammed Abdulla AI-Saggaf College of Chemical Engineering and Petroleum - Hadramout University of Science and Technology P. 0. Box 8615

Abstract The study indicates the possibility of using the geometrical system of Flasova-Fokina of the linear distribution for the partial pressure of water vapour in the pores of each of the seven layers of the old clay wall of the historical city of Shibam when calculating its absorbed humidity, as a result using air conditioning systems at the condition d = B - H < 15... 20% and considering the value of the penetration factor of the vapour from the substance constant ( µ. =const) . In case of the value d > 20, it becomes necessary to consider the non-linear relationship µ.=f ( ). Thus, the partial pressure distribution of the vapour in the essential layer of the wall (the fourth layer) takes the non-linear form. For building materials in which the penetration factor of the vapour is µ =( ). They are strongly related with the relative humidity of the air inside this material. And in performing the stabled and non-stabled calculations of the humidity absorbed in the structure of the wall, the study recommends the necessity of using the special equations pressnted in this paper. The study also confirms that the fluctuation of the external climatic circumstances of the city with time only affects the first four layers of the wall, and that the change of humidity content in those layers relate directly to the thickness of each layer .

Key words: Shibam , absorbed , humidity, clay walls .

Abst.: Eng. 48E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 143- 149 A very thin light sheet technique used to investigate meniscus shapes by Laser Induced Fluorescence

M. A. Khan Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Maalla, Aden, Republic of Yemen

Abstract In this paper a light sheet technique is described to accurately (50 µm) measure meniscus profiles in film formation problems. The use of a slit to create the thin (0.1 mm) laser sheet makes the technique easy to implement, and allows tunable sheet thickness. The low light intensity obtained through the slit is compensated by the induced fluorescence of the tested fluid, which provides good picture contrast. After video recording through a microscope, the actual meniscus is recovered by image processing and proper calibration. The efficiency of the technique is demonstrated on a coating flow experiment. Due to its good accuracy and ease of use, this technique is expected to provide useful quantitative information about meniscus problems, in particular for the validation of Computational fluid dynamics CFD solutions of coating flows.

Keywords : Meniscus; Laser induced fluorescence; calibration ; coating flow ; image processing ; computational fluid dynamics.

Abst.: Eng. 49E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 151- 159

Sedimentation problems in marine cooling channel of Mukha Power Station Abdul Wali Asharjabi and Abdulla Noman Faculty of Engineering-Sana'a University

Abstract Mukha power station is one of the well known constructions from the economic point of view in Yemen. The noticed problem of this station is the accumulation of the sediment due to wind and sea-water waves carrying sand particles from dry and wet regions, respectively. This caused the efficiency of the channel to decrease, as well as a corrosion of the equipment and pipes take place. This study suggests a solution including minimizing the effect of sand dunes in the channel direction and either replaces the channel by a conduits extended properly inside the sea, covering and extending the channel inside the sea.

Keywords: Channel, sediment, sand dunes, sea water waves.

Abst.: Eng. 50E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 161- 169

A numerical approach of kinematic synthesizing of A slider-crank function generator with four accuracy points

Siraguddin M. Hanif and Mushtaq. M. A.Kader Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden. P. O. Box 5243, Ma'alla, Aden, Yemen. E. Mail: engaden@ net ye.

Abstract Synthesizing the slider-crank mechanism with 3-accuracy points requires numerous trials. This is mainly due to initial assumptions which are to be made for the ranges of motion for the input crank and output slider to get the synthesized values of crank, connecting rod and the slider block off-set. This makes the solution a time consumable process. The number of trials, and hence solution time, can be reduced by assuming some of the design parameters. However, synthesizing with 4-accuracy points makes the problem troublesome and needs more computations. In the present paper, a computer program is developed for reducing the repetitive computations, and hence reduces synthesizing time.

Keywords: Synthesizing , 4-accuracy points, mechanisms , Kinematic analysis.

Vol. 7. No. 2

Abst.: Eng. 51A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 235- 245

Technology of traditional clay construction in Hadhramout (Yemen)

Khaled Nasser Barashed Hadhramout University of Science & Technology P.O. box 50511 - Mukalla, Yemen , Telephone \ Fax: 05-360 762

Abstract Clay architecture is developed in Wadi Hadhramout utilizing local materials. These materials proved their suitability and effectiveness as design and architectural solutions that suit the environmental and climatic factors as well as the economic, cultural and social needs of inhabitants. The purpose of this research work is to point out the traditional building techniques and the building arts associated to mud architecture. On the other hand to discuss the particular problems that arises because of the weak characteristics and disadvantages of clay architecture. Therefore, proposed solutions and techniques are suggested and explained. Site investigations and photographic documentation as well as personal discussions an interviews with local builders are made, so that true and actual results are found out. The tremendous cultural heritage of clay architecture that exists in Wadi Hadhramout helps also in minimizing the energy consumption compared with other building materials as illustrated in tabular and diagrammatical forms and curves.

Key words: Hadhramout, traditional building , clay.

Abst.: Eng. 52E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 259- 268

Development of a tobacco blend for cigarette using Quality Function Deployment

Jairam Singh and Abdulla A. Aziz A. Mageed Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Aden, Republic of Yemen

Abstract Customer's voice has been taken into consideration for the design of the tobacco blend for cigarette by a powerful technique known as Quality Function Deployment. A set of questionnaires was prepared to conduct the survey to record the customer needs and wants. These needs and wants were translated into technical parameters of the design and their values were optimized by modeling the problem in the form of a linear programme to optimize the cost of the blend. The constraints on the amount of nicotine, sugar and moisture were worked out on the basis of confortabilily and safe level a human body can tolerate the alkaloids present in Tobacco. The blend proportions were ascertained by using the confortability factors as constraints for minimizing the procurement cost of its ingredients in the form of a linear programming problem. The solution of the linear programme to obtain the composition of the blend was obtained by a computer programme known as TORA.

Key words: Quality Function Deployment, quality control, Linear Programming, industrial Engg. , Optimization , TQM.

Abst.: Eng. 53E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 269- 279

Detection of spur and helical gear faults through vibration analysis

Moh d Al-Attas * and Jarir Mahfoudh** *Faculty of Engineering - University of Aden ** INSA de Lyon France

Abstract The use of vibration measurements in preventive maintenance is surveyed. Specific aspect of its application for detecting the early development of failures in gearboxes and particularly on gears discussed and several procedures are evaluated. This paper presents an experimental study of the dynamic behaviour of spur and helical gears with two types of faults. The first is machined along the pitch line of one tooth on spur and helical gears, while the other is in the form of scuffing in helical gear. Vibration signals are processed in three domains, [time, frequency, and lime-frequency (wavelet)]. Statistical analysis was applied on these domains to get a fine definition of fault effect. Moreover, statistical design procedures have been used in order to extract the more significant parameters in order to detect those faults. The extracted parameters are also tested with different level of local fault. Basic relationship between gear failures and the change in vibrations response are discussed.

Keywords: Predictive maintenance, gearbox, vibration analysis, fault detection. Abst.: Eng. 54E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 281- 296 Thermal energy saving potentiality in using different building materials in Yemen

Mohammed A. Mukbel Department of Mechanical Engineering - Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden P.O. Box 5243 Ma'alla-Aden - Republic of Yemen - E.mail: [email protected]

Abstract Modern buildings are usually built of concrete and red clay (fired clay). These materials are characterized by their high strength and high cost. To select a building material, the construction and running cost should also be considered and come to a minimum. Among the most important running cost of buildings is the energy cost. Energy cost of building, using air conditioning for cooling, comes so high in hot regions. Energy costs in buildings can be reduced drastically by implementing different energy solutions. In this paper, the analysis for energy saving, using different building materials like concrete, stones and fired bricks, is carried out. Emphasis is directed towards fired brick which is gaining a lot of potentiality in building construction in Yemen since they have proven their better thermal characteristics. Beside that they are socially acceptable since they are made of earth clay with firing process. Energy analysis is carried out by computer for different building materials under various climatic design conditions with different orientations of the building. Four locations have been investigated namely: Sana'a, Aden, Seiyun and Lahej. The results of the analysis support the fired brick application from the energy saving point of view except for Sana'a region where the analysis support stone material in building construction. When energy saving is achieved, this results in reducing the operation cost and pollution from non-renewable energy sources, as well as gas, oil and coal. The information obtained from this study is useful for designers and buildings construction engineers.

Key words: Passive solar energy; energy saving; heat gain; building materials.

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Eng. 55A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 459- 472

An analytical study of the construction and development of buildings in the city of Aden for the Period 73-87

A.O. Bin Dahman and A. M. Ba - Rahim Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden.. Dept.Civil Engg

Abstract Shelter is considered as one of the important necessities of mankind. It comes second after food and clothes, and determines the extent of progress and development of the society. The design of buildings depends on several fundamentals and principles that reflect social, economic, and cultural reality as well as local environment, in addition to the necessary schematic and architectural standards related to the society, which reflect the dominating traditions and environment. This paper provides an analytical study of the construction and development of buildings in the city of Aden for the period 73 -87, and to what extent they meet the building standards and socio-ecological principles. The study also aims to evaluating and highlighting some errors associated with the phase of planning, designing, and implementation of some housing projects during that period. The study concluded to several findings and recommendation that could help in improving the condition of the existing houses, as well as proposals that could be referred to when planning and studying future housing projects.

Key words : Planning , design ,housing , environment .

Abst.: Eng. 56E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 545-555

Modeling and performances comparison of two Real-Time Network Protocols Mohammed Fadle Abdulla Al.badwi Computer Science and Engg. Department, Faculty of Engg, University of Aden, Email; [email protected] Abstract In selecting a computer network protocol, we need to ensure that the network will function properly within the required reliability and constraints imposed by the environment, namely, the safety and the progress aspects. The network is safe if only the fault free messages are delivered, and the progress constraint is met if each message will be delivered to its destination within a bounded time. The simulation modeling is presently the most effective techniques of performing a detailed analysis of a LAN network configuration. In this paper, the Petri nets is applied, as the concurrent model, to discuss the issue of the reliability and the environment constraints of two of real time protocols. The paper also presents a comparison study between these selected protocols, namely, the Virtual Time Carrier Sense Multiple Access (VT-CSMA) protocol and the prioritized Token Bus access protocol suited for real time applications. This work modeled these protocols to assess their real time capabilities, with the effect of the number of the computers connected, the clock rate, the normalized propagation delay, and the offered load to the network. Extensive simulation results for the above protocol algorithms are presented, including comparison between them.

Keywords: Protocols ; CSMA ; Token Bus ; Computer networks ; Petri nets-Introduction.

Abst.: Eng. 57E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 557-562

A Photovoltaic Power System for Gheil Bawazir Cultural Center (Yemen)-Case Study

Abdalla Bin Ghouth and A. Aziz Salem Bahaidra Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden P.O.BOX 5243,MAALLA,ADEN-YEMEN

Abstract The location of Yemen and the vast amount of solar radiation throughout the year makes photovoltaic energy generation an excellent means of renewable energy. The only obstacle in the spread of such technology in rural Yemen is the high initial cost and the unawareness of most of the people of this technique. We can say that there is no infrastructure for PV technology in Yemen. Hence, the government and

concerned agencies are trying to propagate the idea and educate the people in rural areas about the new system. The 720 W photovoltaic system installed at the cultural center, Gheil Bawazir-Hadramout in Yemen, is an example of this scheme. It is a means of familiarization and introduction of PV systems in rural areas. In this paper, we highlight this experiment and evaluate the performance of the system. Specifically, we studied the system component layout and the electrical connection to various loads. Secondly, we monitored the data of the battery voltage, the array current and the temperature for a specific day in August for a span of 12 hours during the daytime. The results obtained show that the maximum current drawn from the array when loaded was 16-4 ampere at a voltage of 27 volt around noon when the temperature was about 40°C. Also the study of the system allows us to advise on how to utilize the power in an efficient way to meet part of the needs of the center. Future development and expansion are also considered. In conclusion, this paper highlights this stand-alone experiment as a means of introduction of PV systems in rural Yemen. It shows that such systems are running satisfactorily and efficiently and provide viable alternative source of energy in remote and rural areas.

Keywords: PV system, renewable energy, familiarization, rural areas.

Vol. 8. No. 1

Abst.: Eng. 58E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 53-60 Prediction of natural frequencies of fibre-reinforced composite shafts using an artificial neural networks

Hason Bin Hason Gubran Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden, Mall a-Aden, P. O. Box 5243, Yemen Email: [email protected]

Abstract

The natural frequencies of fibre reinforced composite shafts have been calculated using shell finite element modeling. Transverse shear deformation, arbitrary lamination scheme and lamina properties are included in the formulation. The calculated natural frequencies are used in training a multi-layered, feed-forward, backpropagation artificial neural network (ANN) algorithm. After training, the algorithm produces results with maximum error of 1.6%. However, by employing the ANN algorithm, computational time is drastically reduced compared with the conventional finite element technique.

Keywords: composite shaft, natural frequency, neural network.

Abst.: Eng. 59E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 61-72

Load flow calculations of crater distribution network

Abdul salam A. Hazza, Taha M. Radman and Nageeb A. Noman

University of Aden, College of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Department

Abstract

The electrical power in Aden was introduced at the beginning of the 20th century, precisely in 1926 by the establishment of the first steam power station at Hedjuff, which used to generate electrical energy utilized mainly by British armed forces camps, airports, and other domestic loads. Crater is one of the main old cities in Aden governarate and because of the existence of armed forces camp there, it was one of the earliest cities supplied by electrical energy from the corporation of electricity through a simple distribution network. Nowadays Crater distribution network is considered as one of the largest distribution networks in Aden. Its electric power is supplied by means of 6 feeders and consists of 168 buses, 88 lines, and 80 distribution transformers. Such large and complicated system needs to be investigated and studied properly for better operating conditions and more efficient performance. In this paper a load flow study of Crater distribution network, based on actual information and data, was performed and relevant conclusions and recommendations were given.

Key words: Distribution network, voltage level, power loss, lines loading.

Abst.: Eng. 60E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 73-84 Overview of 400 kv trasmission line design process

Ahmed Saeed Binsaroor and Mohamed Alsayed Ahmed Electrical Engineering Departement, Faculty of Engineering University of Aden

Abstract

The rapid trend of load-growth all over the country will set the power planners thinking in terms of immediate introduction of extra high voltage transmission system in the country. This paper reviews the development of transmission lines including their needs, assemblage and design issues. It provides the main considerations, which influence the physical, mechanical, and electrical design of 400KV transmission line. The factors effecting the selection of conductors for 400KV line, selection of optimum sub-conductor spacing with reference to surge impedance loading and corona, as well as specification in selecting ground wires have been discussed. Also an attempt has been made to briefly describe the factors and main dimensions in evaluating the 400 KV tower data with horizontal phase configuration. Further, the performance of the 400KV line in terms of line parameters, surface gradient, corona loss, corona inception margin and produced radio interference is studied.

Keywords: Transmission lines, design process, technical considerations. Abst.: Eng. 61E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 85-96

Splitting Before Concentration Of Sunlight Spectrum for Use With A Single Photovoltaic Cell

J.M. Al-Samarai and A.S.*Al-Noban Electrical & Electronic Engineering Dept., University of Technology Baghdad-Iraq

Abstract

A new optical design is proposed for increasing the efficiency by the minimization of the number of cells. It firstly uses a dichroic mirror to split the efficient components (band) from the full solar spectrum, and secondly uses an optical concentrator (CR)1 to concentrate it alone (band concentration). This technique differs from full spectrum optical concentration where the concentration (CR)2 made prior to spectrum splitting, and not after as is the case in this work. The concentrated band falls with the remaining unconcentrated components of the solar spectrum on a single cell as a processed total input power with a shape differs from that of full spectrum optical concentration. The efficiency comparison between full and band concentrations is achieved under an equal input powers. Two solar cells were used; Si and GaAs. Theoretical calculations are used and results belong to full and band optical concentration techniques are presented and discussed. The efficiency enhancement depends on the solar cell band gap and the range of the concentrated band from which the value of (CR)1 is determined. Results showed theoretically that max,band= 71.68%, max,full= 46.08% for GaAs solar cells, while they are; max,band= 62.598%, max,,full= 49.5%, (CR)1= 1555.424 and (CR)2=1000.

Key words:- GaAs solar cells, Si solar cells, sunlight spectrum, optical concentration, optical filters.

Abst.: Eng. 62E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 97- 105

Inhibitive effect of Benzotriazole on the Corrosion of mild steel in Sulfuric Acid solution

Issam Kamil Salih Chem. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering & Petroleum, Hadramout University of Science & Technology, P.O. Box 50511, Mukalla- Republic of Yemen

Abstract

The effect of benzotriazole on the corrosion of mild steel in 1M H2S04 has been studied. Potentiostatic polarization measurements were carried out with static deaerated acid solutions at four temperatures within the range 293-323 K in the absence and presence of benzotriazole at

concentrations of 0.2, 1, 2, and 4 mM. It has been found that benzotriazofe effectively inhibits the corrosion of mild steel in sulfuric acid solution. The inhibition efficiency was increased with increasing benzotriazole concentration and reduced with increasing temperature. The corrosion potential was shifted in the noble direction by the addition of benzotriazole which seems to be a mixed type inhibitor with anodic prevailing. No change in the mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction, whereas a significant variation of anodic Tafel slope was observed with the addition of benzotriazole indicating a change in the kinetics of iron dissolution reaction. Rectilinear Arrhenius plots were evidently obtained in the absence and presence of inhibitor and the activation energy was progressively increased with increasing benzotriazole concentration.

Keywords: benzotriazole , sulfuric acid , mild steel , corrosion inhibition, inhibitors.

Abst.: Eng. 63E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 107- 119

A practical approach for PLC programming

Mohammad A.K. Alia and Mohammad K. Abu Zalata Faculty of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa Applied University

Abstract

Making use of the basic logic functions in the PLC, a unique modification of SET-RESET instructions is simulated and tested successfully. Building on that, an asynchronous model of shift-register is also simulated and tested. This is a practical approach to be realized in simple PLCs which have limited software instructions. Keywords: PLC, Flip-Flop, Logic Instruction, Timing diagram, Ladder diagram.

Vol. 8. No. 2

Abst.: Eng. 64A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004: 237- 247

Effect of form and masses arrangement of urban tissues in coastal cities to make use of the prevailing wind

Adib Nuri Ahmed Al-Jabbari. Department of Architecture- Faculty of Engineering- University of Aden.

Abstract

It seems wise for man to make use of natural sources of energy in order to avoid consumption of coasty man-produced kinds of energy. The prevailing wind is one of the non-pollutant kinds of energy which is used long ago in different ways especially in Architecture. In previous literatures, there was no such care given to form of buildings to their systematic arrangement in any urban tissue of coastal cities to get extra benefit as natural air changes or cooling the buildings spaces. This paper aim how to get benefit from the prevailing winds, such as to amplify its effect by some indices, like choosing a suitable form for the building to get extra bulks of wind due to its collecting geometry or perpendicularity of wind on its main elevation also arranging buildings in a staggered way on site as length or height, in addition to study the appropriate distance between buildings, and also how to manipulate with building which has least elevation areas directed to wind, and at last use of inclined side walls or roofs to amplify wind suction effect on the other side of building. So this paper deals with human comfort, economy, and aesthetical values of any hot-humid coastal city.

Key wrds: Prevailing wind, comfort, economy.

Abst.: Eng. 65E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004: 293- 303 Detection of Backdoor Security attacks using Time Fingerprints in a Novel Signature Scheme

1Mohammed Fadk Abdulla and C.P. Ravikumar 1Computer Sci. & Eng. Department, University of Aden Yemen; 2 Texas Instruments India, Wind Tunnel Road Bangalore,560017, India

Abstract

Sharing and distribution of intellectual property over the Internet is a common phenomenon today. However, a serious threat to this form of collaboration is coming from "backdoor" attacks from hackers, who can modify the information content to distort it. A backdoor attack may replace common operating system functions with malicious ones. A possible precaution gainst such attack is to generate a signature database and compare the signature of system fcnctionality with its golden signature before using the functionality. We present an alternate and novel method to detect Trojan activity, called time fingerprinting, the method relies on observing a finite number of fingerprints during signature generation and tracing the Trojan fingerprints in system files. We have verified the desired properties using common semi trusted operating system files.

Keyywrords; Internet security, signature , fingerprint, Trojan, and testing.

Abst.: Eng. 66E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004: 305- 312

Effect of underground environment on reinforced concrete structures

Zeid Thabet Youssef Civil Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden

Abstract Random selection for the type of cement without knowing the chemical characteristics of surrounding environment and its interaction with the chemical composition of the different types of cement may lead to rapid deterioration of underground reinforced concrete structures. The general purpose of this paper is intended to cast light on how to minimize the risk of deterioration of the buried reinforced concrete case/cover around the GRP pipelines in order to achieve its design predicted life. Recent studies have been conducted on a proposed route of 21 K.M. length, micro-tunneled sewerage GRP pipeline encased with reinforced concrete. Chemical tests have been performed on the ground water, and

soil samples collected from drilled boreholes along the pipeline alignment. Results of tests, conducted on soil and water samples and the expected interaction of their chemical composition with those of the different types of cements, are discussed in detail. Certain types of cement have been recommended for their suitability under the prevailing local environmental conditions.

Keywords: Cement, ground environment, reinforced concrete.

Vol. 8. No. 3

Abst.: Eng. 67E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 497- 507

Characteristics and energy performance of clay as traditional building material in Hadhramout buildings Salem Awad Ramoda and Khaled Nasser Barashed Faculty of Engineering, Hadhramout University of Science & Technology. P.O Box 56003, Mukalla - Fowa, Yemen

Abstract The effect of some additive materials on the physical characteristics of structural clay used in Hadhramout buildings are investigated in this research work. The thermal insulation of the material of such buildings is particularly studied through energy measurements. The objective sought from the experimental results, on one hand, is to find out if any improvement of the structural material performance is attained. On the other hand, the good thermal insulation and suitability of the material of structural clay to Hadhramout region is proved.

Keywords: Physical and mechanical characteristics, structural clay, additive materials, energy performance, Hadhramout buildings

Abst.: Eng. 68E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 509- 515

Power flow analysis of existing national power system network

Taha M. Radman, Abdul salam A. Hazza & Abdulhakim S. Noman University of Aden, Faculty of Engineering, Electrical Engineering Department

Abstract

The continuous growth of load demand required to be supplied by the national power system during the last years imposed upon limited generation and transmission capacity, have brought about great difficulties for efficient and sufficient operating conditions of the system. Electrical power authorities in Yemen attained greater care for this problem and studies have been done to build new power stations and to erect additional transmission and distribution lines at and Aden for meeting the power demand of the country in the nearest future. Until the fulfillment of this important project, the system problems will be more unless some temporary and fast majors may be done. In this paper, load flow study based on actual and correct data of the existing system is performed. The obtained results are investigated and relevant suggestions and recommendations are given in order to minimize power losses while maintaining a desired level of voltages and reactive power flows under various operating conditions. key words: Power flow, high voltage, voltage profile, power losses, line loading.

Abst.: Eng. 69E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 517- 525

Adsorption characteristics of Benzotriazole on mild steel in Sulfuric Acid solution

Issam Kamil Salih Chem. Eng. Dept., Faculty of Engineering & Petroleum, Hadramout University of Science & Technology P.O. Box 50511, Mukalla- Republic of Yemen

Abstract

The adsorption behavior of benzotriazole on mild steel in 1M H2SO4 was investigated over the temperature range 293- 323 K with benzotriazole concentrations of 0.2, 1, 2, and 4 mM. It was shown that adsorption of benzotriazole is evidently followed by the Langmuir adsorption isotherm, indicating that benzotriazole is strongly adsorbed with higher surface coverage. The heat, free energy and entropy of adsorption were estimated, and it was found that adsorption of benzotriazole is accompanied by a decrease in entropy with exothermic heat of adsorption, whereas the free energy of adsorption is progressively become less negative with increasing temperature. This result gives a thermodynamic clue of the lower inhibition efficiency of benzotriazole with increasing temperature.

Keywords : benzotriazole, sulfuric acid, mild steel, corrosion inhibition, inhibitors .

6. ENVIRONMENT

Vol. 2. No. 1

Abst.: Env. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2(1) 1998: 23-54

Vegetation cover of the Republic of Yemen, natural and cultivated Hussain A. Abulfatih Sana'a University, Department of Chemistry and Biology, College of Education, at Arhab, Maeen post Office, P.O. Box 13709, Sana'a, Republic of Yemen

Abstract The natural vegetation of the Republic of Yemen has proven to be of desert to semi-desert, semi tropical, and temperate affinities . Along altitudinal gradient the climate plays a major role on the vegetation distribution . The vegetation can be divided into seven major zones: 1. TIHAMA COASTAL PLAINS (0-400m) 2. THAMA FOOTHILS (400-1000m) 3. LOWER ESCARPMENTS(1000-1500m) 4. UPPER ESCARPMENTS (1500-2000m ) 5. HIGH MOUNTAINS AND HIGHLANDS(500-3766m) 6. EASTERN MOUNTAINS (1000-2000m) 7. EASTERN DESERT PLAINS(500-1000m) Each zone is further subdivided into smaller units according to topography, soil type ,rock substrate, water system, salinity, wherever it applies. Plant species of these ecological units or communities were recorded. In each zone plant growth forms (tree, shrub, herb, etc.) were noted for the representative species. On the other hand, crops in the Republic of Yemen can be divided into three major categories based mainly on water and temperature requirements. The first category of crops is planted in lowlands at the western parts of the country at an approximate altitude ranging between 0-1000m. An area which is generally characterized by warm climate and ample water. The second category of crops are planted on highland at an approximate altitude ranging between (1000-3000m). Such crops enjoy the cool climate. The third category is planted on the eastern desert areas, at altitudes ranging between 500-1000m, where climate is warm, and water is scarce . Farming is practiced skillfully in three major habitats: wadis, basins and terraces.

Crops planted successfully in various parts of the country include cereals, vegetables, fruits, legumes, cash crops, and fodder .

Vol. 4. No. 1 Abst.: Env. 02E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 123- 131

The influence of sewage water on the growth of wild plants, North of Sana'a, Republic of Yemen *H. A. Abulfatih, ** A. K. Nasher, * B. T. Yasseen, *** K. Y. Abid **** M. B. Al- Mofti *Qatar University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biological Sciences, P. O.Box 120148, Doha, Qatar. E- mail: [email protected] ** Sana'a University, Faculty of Science; *** Sana'a University, College of Education at Arhab ****Sana'a University, Faculty of Engineering

Abstract

The comparison of two sets of natural vascular vegetation one fed by rainfall and the second fed by untreated sewage water and rainfall , north of Sana'a city, indicate that the sewage water caused the plants to flower earlier, grow larger, and live longer. Plant cover during the period of maximum flower output, April- May- June was 60 to 70% in areas fed by sewage and rain water, and 5-10% in natural areas, fed by rainfall only. On the basis of their life form plants were classified as short-lived annual, long- lived annuals or biennials, and perennials. Along the banks of the sewage waterways barley, alfalfa and corn were successfully planted, for animal and human consumption. Higher quantities of heavy metals and inorganic matters were found in the sewage water. The physical parameters of the sewage water were also showed unfavorable aspects of water quality.

Keywords: Sewage water, plant life forms, plant response, pollution, Arid Environment.

Vol. 4. No. 2

Abst.: Env. 03A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 293- 306

Water pollution of some wells with sewage and its suitability for drinking and irrigation in Tareem city

A. M. Ba-Momin 1 A. M. AL-Bar 2 and H. A. Ba- Raga 3 1 Nasser Faculty of Agricultural , Sciences University of Aden 2 Agricultural Research Center Seiyun 3 Faculty of Engineering University of Aden

Abstract Five samples were taken from water of some agricultural wells from different sites of Tareem city. Chemical and bacteriological analysis for those samples were carried out in the laboratory of Public Corporation for Waters and Safe Sanitation in Seiyun city according to the methods followed by W. H. O. and FAO. Results indicated differences in chemical characteristics, and bacteriological pollution of studied wells waters according to differences in sites, depths and nearness or farness water of these wells from the sewage. In Ba-Garesh well water, the chemical characteristics are higher than the permitted limit according to measurements of W. H. O. in Total dissolved solids (T. D. S), Sulfate (SO4), Chloride (CL) and Nitrate (NO3) and in its bacteriological pollution because of the total number of bacteria, coliform and cdon bacteria (EC. Coil), thus it is not suitable for drinking and irrigation. AL-Areed well water is not suitable for drinking because the chemical characteristics and bacteriological pollution of this well is higher than the healthy permitted limit because it is near to the sewerages, but the water from this well may be used for agricultural irrigation. Waters from the two wells Ba-Zokaifan and Rawda are suitable for drinking and agricultural irrigation. Water of AL-Kabra well which is one of the wells that supply Tareem city and its suburbs with drinking water , was described of the good quality.

Vol. 5. No. 1

Abst.: Env. 04A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001: 55-69 Preliminary investigation on the sewage treatment plant of Al- Hawtah city Abdel Hamid Saqran and Hana A. Mohamed Faculty of Agriculture - Food Control Laboratory- University of Aden Aden

Abstract

A study has been conducted to evaluate the performance of S. T. P of Al-Hawtah city /Lahej/ Gov. It comprises an (AP) anaerobic pond, an aerobic pond (Aep). The assessment involved a programme of sampling and analysis of raw waste water, unit process contents and unit process effluents. The results indicated a wide fluctuation in the BOD load applied to the S. T. P. It ranged from 70 to 470 mg/L, with an average value of 198 mg/L. Residual BOD, COD & T. S. S were around 98, 265.81 and 204.6 mg/L, respectively. Although faecal coliform removal was around 99.83%, yet residual count was still high in final effluent which reuse in irrigation. Therefore we recommend to design a project for developing this plant as purpose for production an reclaimed effluent use for irrigation and in the same time to improve, conservation and protection the environment from the risks of the pollution.

Keywords: Unit Processes, sewage, Al-hawtah city (Lahej)

Abst.: Env. 05A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001: 71-83

The effect of ecological factors on the growth and dynamics of the coastal vegetation cover of the

1Wadie A.G. Saeed and Mohamed Y. AL-Subai

Department of Agronomic and Plant Agriculture-Lahej , Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, University of Aden.

Abstract

This study was carried out within a coastal region of the Abyan Governorate, starting from its eastern borders to Al-alam region at the western borders. The study is essentially aiming to:

1. Estimating the plant species that coastal region is characterized with, according to their growth forms (tree, shrub, herb, etc.) 2. Studying the effect of the ecological factors on the distribution and variation of the plant species and their density. 3. Studying the effect of the anthropological factors on the growth and dynamic of the different plant species. During the field work in the coastal region, the square meter method was used. On that base,74 stations were demarcated along the coastal reginon.781 specimens were obtained the specimens include 102 species belonging to 78 genera from 35 families.

Keywords: Ecological factors, vegetation cover, coastal area

Vol. 5. No. 2

Abst.: Env. 06A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 253- 269

Crater wells - their sources and their chemical and bacteriological properties

T. A. Fadhl(1) , A. Y. Luqman (2), S. A. Mohammed (3) 1College of Education - Aden, Department of Chemistry, Aden University, 2College of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Aden University, 3Lab. of Water Supply- General Department of Water Supply & Drainage System.

Abstract The seasonal rains, which gather on the Crater plateau, are the main source of water of feeding the Crater wells. Five samples of water Crater wells have been collected from different points in Crater for chemical and bacteriological examination. The chemical analysis of the studied samples show that these samples contain the following concentration (ppm); Sodium, 283 - 563; Potassium, 4.3 -17.2; Calcium hardness expressed as calcium carbonate, 10 - 440; Magnesium hardness expressed as calcium carbonate. 126 617.2; Total hardness expressed as calcium carbonate, 260 -566; Total alkalinity, 234 - 310; Sulphates, 276 - 844; Chlorides, 300 - 412; Bicarbonates. 285.4 378.2; Nitrates, 90 - 180; Total dissolved solid, 13376 - 2073; pH, 7.5 -

8.5; Conductance (µS/cm),2150 3240. The bacteriological results show that all of the samples under study are bacteriological polluted with (E. Coli) FC bacteria. We conclude from the results of the chemical and bacteriological analysis, that all of the studied samples of Crater wells are not suitable for drinking use.

Keywords: Crater wells, chemical analysis.

Abst.: Env. 07A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 271- 286

A study of pollution extent in some drinking water resources by heavy elements in Hadramout Governorate Saad Awadh Barheyan Chemistry Department- Mukalla College of Education University of Hadramout of Science and Technology

Abstract

The paper is considered as a preliminary study of pollution extent in some drinking water resources in Hadramout governorate by heavy elements which differ in their toxcity. The elements subjected to study are Cd,Pb,Fe,Cr,Mn,Zn,CO and Cu. Atomic absorption spectrometric method of analysis (AAS) is used for the determination of heavy elements concentrations. The elemental analysis of drinking water samples shows that the concentration of the above-mentioned elements in drinking water resources, lies in the permissible limit given by the WHO. Similarity of elements content is observed in Thela and Fuwah waters, but the case is different for Ghail Bawzeer and Asshihir waters due to their different lithospheric structures. Drinking water used by the civilians is not subjected to physical, biological or chemical treatment which may lead to total or partial removal of heavy elements and other rejected impurities. Drinking water running in distribution nets is a hard water and has a weak base (PH) which explains the reason why heavy elements are absorbed and precipitated inside drinking water pipes before they reach consumers. This type of hard water causes accumulation of salt precipitates inside the water pipes which results in many economic and health disturbances to consumers. The slight increase of Cr,Mn ,and Co concentration in drinking water flowing in the pipes may be due to the effect of some anions such as

nitrates which form soluble compounds with the elements contained in the chemical composition of the drinking water pipes. This paper is a strong indicator for determination of heavy elements concentrations in different drinking water resources in Hadramout governorate. Such approach seeks a further comprehensive work with special focus on the study of lithospheric structure of the feeding water regions of Hadramout aquifers.

Keywords; Pollution, drinking water, heavy elements, Hadramout.

Vol. 6. No. 1

Abst.: Env. 08A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002 15-31

The traditional management of vegetation and range in Wadi Yahar- Yafa, Lahej Grovernorate Nasser A. Saeed Faculty of Agric. Sci, . Aden Univ.

Abstract

This case study was conducted in Wadi Yahar (Yafa) area, in the period from June to October 1997. This area is located in the north east of Aden city at a distance of about 150 km. It is a mountainous area with wadi pockets at an elevation of 920 to 1500 meters above sea level and a sloper range from 25% to 35%. The heights of mountain range is more than 2000 meters above sea level and sloper range from 45% lo 75%. The mean max. temperature reaches 27.85C, while min. temperature reach to 15.70C. The rain fall varies from 361.2 to 623.9 mm. A field study was conducted by selecting samples of (110) households from those dealing directly with the agriculture and grazing systems. The study sample of household was drawn from the three zones representing upper, middle and lower parts of Wadi Yahar with 25, 50 and 35 household respectively. A questionnaire was used to obtain and analyze data, using absolute numbers and percentage. This paper aimed at studying how the management system and utilization vegetative cover and range land was applied in wadi Yahar - Yafa. The study revealed the following important findings: in Wadi Yahar appeared four kinds from Royal of range land distances (personal, family, tribe and generally) the best of them is royalty tribes which process for perfect and oblige which put to stop the continue destroying of natural vegetation and rangeland. In this study area, animals comprise mainly goats and sheep, and family possession ranges between 5-20 heads per family in the upper and middle of Wadi Yahar, where as in the lower part of the Wadi, it reaches more than "100" heads per family. The survey confirmed that the pasture provides 90.8%, 85.1 %, 83.9% and 73.6% of the fodder for animals in spring, winter, autumn and summer, respectively. Also the natural vegetation in the rangeland of the study area is important as a source of firewood mainly for households. The data indicates that family consumption is about 50 to 100 kgs/month. This paper presents the ways of conservation rangeland and vegetation from deterioration factors, and the people involved in this study area have participated in solving this problem. The results showed that 80.5% of the sample study are like to participate in conservation and development of natural vegetation and rangeland. Out this percentage 51,4% have realized that stopping the operation of wood cutting is the best way to protect natural vegetation and rangeland from continued destruction.

Key words: Management, vegetation, range

Abst.: Env. 09A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 43-62

Drainage basin management, development of potential Water resources and desertification control in Wadi Hadramaut Saleh Mohamed Baasher College of Education Zingbar. Aden University

Abstract

Wadi Hadramout is considerably one of the greatest and is one of the most important arid agricultural valleys in the south of Arabian Peninsula, and is one of typical hyper-arid regions where atmospheric temperature increases and rainfall decreases. This study was aimed to display the whole natural conditions, as well as to present sequences of the various wet and dry stages occurring in Wadi Hadramout. Complex hydrographic pattern and hydrological drainage systems were distinguished. The study manifested various trials of traditional techniques for storage and diversion of rainfall and floodwater for the purpose of irrigation, domestic use and recharge of groundwater reservoir. The study was concluded by some ideas and recommendations for watershed management and development of potential surface water resources in Wadi Hadramaut region throughout

increasing of storage and diversion of surface water by maintenance, rehabilitation and rework of old systems as well as construction of new traditional ones. Key words: drainage basin; water resources; desertification.

Abst.: Env. 10E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 119- 128

Natural wild flora and vegetative composition of Bana Delta (Abyan, Yemen)

Ahdul-Hakim Abdul-Ghani*, Wadie Abdul-Ghani Saeed and Mohammed Abdullah Hussein Flora of Yemen Team, Dept. of Biodiversity, Centre of Environmental Studies and Sciences, University of Aden. Aden, Yemen. Abstract Bana Delia is situated in Abyan Governorate (Yemen) between the two valleys Hassan and Bana. The delta is about 2250 km2 area, and has one of the most fertile agricultural lands in the southern lowlands of Yemen. The area investigated is mostly the whole Bana Delta except Yarames area, the north Eastern Highlands of the delta. This survey study was carried out for about one year, from May I, 1999 till the end of May 2000. Several field trips to different parts of the investigated area were conducted. Specimens for 134 species belong to 41 families were collected and identified. The vegetative composition of the investigated area is mostly herbaceous; herbs constitute about 60.4%, grasses and grass-like species form nearly 14.9%, whereas trees and shrubs are poorly represented by 11.9 and 12.7%, respectively. Keywords: Abyan, Bana Delta, biodiversity, flora, lowlands, vegetation.

Vol. 7. No. 1

Abst.: Env. 11E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003:113-121

Biodiversity of Insect Fauna in Mahrah Governorate, Republic of Yemen

Ahmed M. A. Sallam and Abdullah M. Ghaleb Department of Plant Protection , Nasir's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences -University of Aden

Abstract A preliminary study for the Biodiversity of Insect Fauna in Mahrah Governorate, Republic of Yemen, has been carried out. It contains the result of several field visits to the area, collecting insect fauna; and a survey of what is available in literature. The number of insect species so far identified reached 238 species, which belong to 210 genera, and 80 families that come under 16 orders in the classification of insects . Most of the identified species belong to the order Lepidoptera, followed by the orders, Coleoptera, Orthoptcra, Hymenoptera and Odonata. The collected insect Fauna included insect pests, its natural enemies including parasites and predators ; as well as useful insects such as honeybees and other pollinators. The collected insect species were more than the identified ones. However, we couldn't identify others due to lack of funds to enable us sending such species for identification abroad . The paper recommends supporting such survey projects and the establishment of the National History of Biodiversity in insect fauna in Yemen. The paper also summarized factors that lead to deterioration of biodiversity and gave a list of recommendations to conserve biodiversity in the area .

Key words: Biodiversity , Insect fauna , Mahrah Governorate , Yemen.

Vol. 7. No. 2

Abst.: Env. 12E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003:299-307

A Contribution to the study of the Flora of Hauf and Jadib (Al- Mahrah, Yemen)

Mohammed Abdullah Hussein Flora of Yemen Team, Dept. of Biodiversity, Centre of Environmental Studies and Sciences, University of Aden, Aden, Yemen.

Abstract The investigated area is situated in the easternmost part of the Governorate of Al-Mahrah, Yemen. It is a narrow coastal area with rocky slopes or vertical cliffs ascend almost immediately behind the

beach. The investigated area comes under the influence of the southwest monsoon that causes dense fog and light showers, which is built up against the seaward-facing escarpment. On the other hand, the warm moist air masses move behind the topographic barriers result in a pronounced rain. The investigated area characterised by its unique plant diversity because of kharif monsoon which starts yearly from mid June to September, resulting in the growth of annual herbs and the dominance of greenery all over the area. After the rainy season, the forest dries due to the completion of the life cycle of annual plants and to dry weather, whereas mountains gradually looses its greenery and only some species of trees and shrubs remain green. At this period, the deciduous species shed their leaves to adapt themselves to the hot and dry climate. 147 species, belonging to 120 genera and 50 families were collected from the investigated area.

Keywords: Hauf, Jadib, monsoon, Kharif, Flora, vegetation, biodiversity.

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Env. 13E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 485- 495

Plant associations along Aden - Shuqrah Highway (Yemen)

Mohammad Abdullah Hussein1* and Abdul-Hakim Abdul-Ghani2 1Faculty of Education Zingibar2; Faculty of Education Saber, University of Aden 'P.O. Box 30112, Zingibar, Abyan, Republic of Yemen. Tel: 00967- 2-604822

Abstract The soil along the road from Aden to Shuqrah is mainly sandy soil. The presence of mobilised sand dunes in several places along the coast prevents the formation of a single blade of vegetation. However, the area is mostly composed of sand sheets intercepted by some sand- dune batches. There are five wadis that vary in their vegetation, structure from the areas surrounding them, dissecting the investigated area. Along the road, 12 plant associations are identified. The floristic composition of these associations is generally halophytic and xerophytic belonging to the families Chenopodiaceae, Leguminosae,

Gramineae, Zygophyllaceae, Asclepiadaceae, Tamaricaceae and Polygonaceae. Key words: Plant association, vegetation. Halophytes, Wadi, Aden. Abyan, Yemen

Vol.8. No. 1

Abst.: Env. 14A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004:43-51

The measurement of the amount of biochemical oxygen demand in Aden sea coast water- Yemen Safaa A. A. Alsamarray, Elham M. Algabaly and Zen A. Saleh Chemistry Department University of Aden

Abstract

The organic substances, which are degraded from pollutants in the seawater, specially sea coast water are harmful to health and marine environment. Lately, it has been clearly noticed that the increase of the degraded organic pollutants in the water, especially sea coast water, that reached very high rate.They caused the consumption of much quantity of oxygen in this sea coast through their decomposition. For this purpose, measurement has been conducted in the Department of Water at the Food Control Laboratory to determine the quantity of consumed and dissolved Oxygen ( BOD) by bacteria and fungi in the decomposition of the organic substances during five days of incubation (20±/0C). Nine sampling sites were selected at the sea coasts in Aden. The findings of the BOD measures showed fluctuations of values (104.5 to247.2mg/L). The general average for BOD in the coasts of Aden city was 710.65mg/L.

Keywords: Oxygen, Aden seacosts, Yemen.

Vol.8. No. 2

Abst.: Env. 15E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004:315-320 Risk reduction of sewage disposal via treatment by oxidation ponds in Aden, Yemen.

Hussein I. Abdel-Shafy1, Hussein A. Al-Kaff2 and Anis A. Ali2

1Water Research & Poll. Depart. National Research Center, Tahreer St., Dokki, Cairo, Egypt. Center of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Aden University, Khor Maksar, Aden, Yemen.

Abstract

Sewage water of Aden city is collected and treated in two sewage treatment plants, one at Sheikh Othman (Al-Hiswah) and the other is at Khor Maksar (Al-Arish). The plants consist mainly of oxidation ponds. The schematic treatment consists of screening, anaerobic ponds, facultative ponds, followed by polishing ponds. Part of the treated sewage water is used for irrigating trees as green belt at Al-Hiswah district, as well as a limited area of farm field for raising cattle. The rest is drained and wasted to the sea without any use. Improvement in the quality of the sewage effluent from Al-Hiswah and Al-Arish plant is achieved. The chemical composition of the produced treated water and sludge is discussed including the concentrations of heavy metals in correlation with the WHO Guidelines. The performance of treatment can be enhanced remarkably through a strict program for continuous removing the formed sludge in the ponds and determining the actual detention time of each pond system. It is recommended that the produced sludge can be mixed with dried leaves of the local water-plant weeds to reduce the level of heavy metals. Further recommendation is to treat the sludge anaerobically for the production of biogas and digested biomass for land reclamation of the sandy soil in Aden.

Keywords: sewage treatment, environmental impact assessment, oxidation ponds, reuse of sewage water, heavy metals.

Abst.: Env. 16E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004:321-327

Biological treatment of petroleum contamination in Saudi Arabia

A.R. Hashem

Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University P.O. Box # 2455, Riyadh # 11451 Saudi Arabia

Abstract

There are several problems dealing with petroleum contaminated soils which effect human health and environmental quality. Biological treatment of petroleum contamination is a treatment technology that utilizes naturally occurring soil microorganisms to degrade petroleum hydrocarbons to carbon dioxide, water, and humus and this resulted in bioremediation and rehabilitation of petroleum contaminated soil. Most of the Eastern region of Saudi Arabia including coastal area, bordering Kuwait, become polluted with petroleum during the second Gulf war. There are oil lake beds and oily waste (Sludge) generated by Saudi Aramco and Aramco Gulf Operations Company Ltd., which consist of heavy aromatic hydrocarbons, water, several chemicals and heavy waxes. So the Ministry of Petroleum and Mineral Resources make sure that Saudi Aramco, Aramco Gulf Operations Ltd., The Royal Commission of and Yanbu, and Sabic should establish environmental studies centers, increase, develop, the experiments concerning the biological treatment of petroleum contamination.

Key words: Hydrocarbons, microorganisms, bioremediation, Microbial technology.

Vol.8. No. 3

Abst.: Env. 17A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004:443-452

Woody plants in Abyan Governorate

Mohammed A.Hussein, Abdul-Hakim A.Ghani and Wadei A.Saeed Biodiversity Dept., Center of Environmental Studies and Sciences, Aden University

Abstract The study was carried out in Abyan Governorate which is located in the southern part of Yemen, bordered from the west side by Aden Governorate at an area known as Al-Alam, and extends to the

east parallel to the coast till the borders of Shabwa Governorate at an area known as Al-Mahfed . Abyan Governorate is classified according to its topography into three regions: (a) the coastal region with an altitude 0-500 meters above the sea, extends from Al-Alam to the end borders of Ahwar; (b) the middle region with an altitude ranging from 500 1500 meters above the sea level .(c) the interior highlands with an altitude about 2300 meters above the sea level . The difference in climate and topography of the above mentioned regions and their distance from the sea coast ,as well as water supply for some vally such as Wadi Hassan, Wadi Bana, Wadi Ahwar,and Wadi Al-Aram; all these factors lead to vegetation differences. Abyan Governorate is suffering from scarcity of rain, that causes random aggregation of plants according to the availability of water. The study concentrates on the survey of natural and introduced woody plants, 137 sp. of woody plants belonging to 91 genera and 46 families were identified.

Key words : Plant association, woody plants, introduced plants, natural plants.

Vol.8. No. 3

Abst.: Env. 18E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004:529-540

Extractable and total heavy metals in surficial sediments from seashores in Island

Anis A. Ali, A. Aziz A. Muqbel and M. Y. Ramzu Center of Environmental Studies and Sciences, University of Aden.

Abstract:

The special location of Socotra Island, which is located at an area that links the Indian Ocean with the Red Sea, and the seasonal monsoons affect marine ecosystem of the Island. Eight locations at Socotra seashores were selected in order to study the availability of heavy metals and their concentrations in the surficial sediments (<100µm), and to establish a base data for the first time concerning the presence of the heavy metals in the sediments in the Island. The bioavailability and concentration of seven leachable and total metals (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb, Zn) were determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometry method (Vario 6). Considerable metal concentrations and inter-regional variations were observed. Significant correlations between the metals were also noted.

Key words: Heavy metals, sediments, Socotra Island.

Abst.: Env. 19E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004:541-551

Distribution and possible sources of some heavy metals in the sediment cores at Front Bay (Crater) and Labor Island (Khor Maksar), Aden.

Anis A. Ali Biology Department, Faculty of Education, University of Aden.

Abstract: Metal contents (Cd, Co, Cu, Fe, Mn, Pb and Zn) in the sediments are measured in the same cores that were collected and determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometric (AAS) method. Two areas were chosen in Aden, Labor Island, and Front Bay. The vertical sequence of sedimentary structures reflected variations in processes and rates of sedimentation with time. The difference in metal concentration between the recent (upper) and the historical (lower) sediments is defined as the anthropogenic metal concentration. The series of studied cores, gave a regional picture of the sediments, metal fluxes, the calculated budgets for sediment, and metal deposition. Statistically, significant correlations (p < 0.01) between concentrations of selected metals were observed, fractions < 100µm and < 250µm are the best to accumulate the heavy metals. Improvement of the situation in the two studied areas during the last decades is reflected by the decrease in anthropogenic fluxes into these areas.

Key words: Sediment cores, heavy metals concentrations, Aden sea shores.

7. FOOD SCIENCES

Vol. 3. No. 1 Abst.: Food Sc. 01A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(1) 1999: 13-20

Comparison of home processed tomato paste and sensory perception with imported tomato paste Mohamed A. AI-Kathiri and Yahia S. Madhi Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden

Abstract Tomatoes are one of the most important agricultural products in the Republic of Yemen, and it is one of the soft products or fruits which suffers a lot from post harvest losses. Tomato past presents one of the most essential components of the Yemeni meals, and inspite that the market is saturated at the peak season with tomatoes, but imported tomato paste is bought. Tomato paste that was home processed stored and compared with the imported paste and to find out the acceptance of the Yemeni consumers for the home processed and to calculate the average cost. It is found that the tomato paste could be produced at home with low costs and with a suitable shelf life. The acceptance of the consumers for home processed was good. It has been observed that the difference between the concentration of total soluble solids recorded on one of the imported tomato paste and the actual one is high.

Vol. 3. No. 2 Abst.: Food Sc. 02A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 13-21

Processing of pumpkin at Belad Alross distict and consumer preference Omer S.Khanbari and Zakaria S.Bin Haider Food Research & Postharvest Technology Centre

Abstract

To study a consumer acceptance of pumpkin jam enriched with different common used spies; a comparison of three added flavors of cardamom, clove and cinnamon with the control with a natural flavor were made from a total of one hundred and twenty eight assessors in Sana'a (Walan valley ) and Aden Gov. participated in a consumer taste preference test; results showed that no significant difference, at 5 % probability level, was found between the control and the other three flavored Jams . During the preparation process, it has been found that the pulp constitute 68.8 % of the total fruit weight. This is a low percentage compared with the processing varieties. The jam processing recovery was 73.3% and after sun during of the peel and seeds it has been found that the recovery percentages were 7.8 and 45 respectively.

Vol. 4. No. 2

Abst.: Food Sc. 03A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 247- 257

The possibility and acceptability of mixing honey with some local products

M.A.Alkathiri and M.S.Khanbash Faculty of Agriculture, University of Aden Khormaksar, P.O.Box No.6307, Aden, Yemen

Abstract Honey is considered one of the most important products in Yemen, in addition to dates, grapes and bananas. This paper aims to study the possibility of mixing honey with date dips, grapes dips and bananas and the acceptability of these mixtures, so as have new assortments for developing the nutritional level and answering the different economic levels of the consumers. The results indicated the acceptability of honey with date dips and with grape dips. When using dips we are not in need for dried or freeze-dried fruits. Taking in consideration that is not feasible to use fresh fruits, as in the case when we mixed honey with 10% bananas. Honey with 10% date dips is still keeping its good characteristics within one- year storage. The results indicated that we have to take into

consideration the mixing percentage if we want to store the mixture, in good conditions.

Vol. 5. No. 1

Abst.: Food Sc. 04E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001:169-188

The current nutritional status among pregnant and lactating women in the capital's secretariat, Republic of Yemen.

Hamood K. AI-Makhlafi Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Sana'a University, Republic of Yemen, Sana'a, P. 0. Box (11712).

Abstract A survey concerning the nutrition status of 125 pregnant and lactating women in the Capital's Secretariat has been conducted. Subjects were interviewed using already designed questionnaire that included several questions along with the question about the quantities and type of foods consumed during the past 24 hours. The amounts of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate and other micronutrients were calcu- lated using food composition tables. The obtained results were compared to the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of pregnant and lactating women. The results have shown that the amounts of energy available make only 73 and 66% of the lactating and pregnant women's RDA respectively. Grain's contribution to the lactating and pregnant women's total available energy was 59 and 60% respectively. Though the lactating woman obtained 110% of her protein RDA, the pregnant woman got only 76% of her protein RDA. Animal protein consumed by pregnant and lactating women constitutes only 16 and 22 g/day respectively and its contribution to their available total protein was only 29 and 31%. The calculated deficiencies of several minerals and vitamins ranged from 16 to 71% of the RDA. Finally, it has been found that education, income, social, and personal traditions, as well as other factors were behind the resulted nutrients' deficiencies in the diets of pregnant and lactating women.

Keywords: Woman; pregnant /lactating, nutrition, deficiency; energy, protein.

Vol. 5. No. 2

Abst.: Food Sc. 05A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001:245-250

Extraction of syrup (Dips) from dates and raisin M. A. Alkathiri and Y S. Madhi

Abstract As many of food products are imported in Yemen, we have to give more attention to most important local agricultural products such as dates and grapes. This study aims to show the importance of dates and grapes, and the experimentation of producing (date syrup) (dips). Also the acceptance of these products by local consumers. The results indicated the possibility of using cheap and low grades of dates and raisin for producing dips. Most of the consumers said that the produced dips is accepted or very accepted. Dips from dates (Hamra variety) have a clear date taste and flavour, but dips from raisin have a sour taste and light flavour.

Keywords: Syrup (Dips). dates, raisin.

Vol. 6. No. 2

Abst.: Food Sc. 06A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(2) 2002:249-259

Manufacturing of date vinegar and studying it's physical and chemical properties Y.S. Madhi Nasir's Faculty of Agricultural Sciences University of Aden, Aden-Republic of Yemen

Abstract Our country produces large quantities of dates annually. The vinegar in the solution prepared from foodstuffs containing a percentage of sugar and starches after alcohol being fermented and then oxidized by acetic acid bacteria. The vinegar has been known to people from ancient limes as a liquid with sour taste, useful for health and used as an appetizer in that it improves the taste of the food when added.

Studies and data on manufacturing of date vinegar, compared to other types of vinegars are limited. This research discusses the manufacture of date vinegar, comparing its physical and chemical properties with the other three types of vinegar, sold at shops and supermarkets in Aden. These are: Alhiswa natural vinegar, the local commercial vinegar and the imported vinegar. The results showed that the physical and chemical properties of date's vinegar are different from those of the other three types of vinegars. Date vinegar is characterized with acceptable sour taste and brown to black color. High acidity number (pH 3.24), lower total acidity 4.76'%, high total solids 6.27% and ash 1.16%; which is different from other types of vinegar.

Keywords: Manufacturing, vinegar, dates

Vol. 7. No. 1

Abst.: Food Sc. 07A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003:15-24

Effects of isolation methods and packing materials on organoleptic characteristics of Zizlphus spina christi Honey

M. A'shor Al-Kathiri Faculty of Applied Sciences - Hadhramout University Seiyun, P.O. Box 9422 , Hadhramout, Republic of Yemen

Abstract The Yemeni Ziziphus spina christi honey is considered one of the most reputed honey in Yemen. Because of its special characteristics, it enjoys high marketability and is internationally one of the most expensive honey types. A study has been carried out in Hadramout to investigate the impact of different methods of honey isolation, packing materials and storage on the product properties. The study indicated that the solar isolator is commonly used by most beekeepers in Wadi Hadramout, whereas the mechanical isolator comes next. Chemical analysis showed that humidity contents of the samples, isolated by the four studied methods, was low in proportion to natural honey. Percentage of total carbohydrates was nearly the same. However, the percentage of sucrose was nominally low in isolated samples using the solar or fire-heated isolators. All natural characteristics were the same in all the samples,

except for colour and viscosity. Physical analysis indicated that one- year storage of honey in metallic containers had had obvious effects on the organoleptic characteristics, which was not traced in the glass and plastic packages.

Key words; Yemeni Ziziphus spina christi honey, honey isolation , packing materials, Organoleptic characteristics.

Abst.: Food Sc. 08A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003:37-43

The study of the most important chemical and reheological properties for some flours of local and imported wheat grains

Mohamad S. Al-Mussali and Belquis H. Basharahil Food Research and Postharvest Technology Centre Agricultural Research and Extension Authority

Abstract The production of wheat in Yemen reached to 141884 tons in the year 2000. The import for wheat and flour reached to 1.125 million tons in the same year. This situation exposes a big problem between production and import. This study aims to determine the most important chemical and reheological properties for some flours of some wheat varieties produced locally, as well as, different imported flours to find out to which extent such flours can be used in composite flour technology, especially, for the production of bread, and hence assist in the reduction of import from industrial point of view. Samples of wheat grains (15-20 kg) were collected from the Agricultural Research Stations in Seyoun, Dhamar and Mareb. The grains were of the varieties (Seyoun, AREA-32, AREA-15, AREA-14, PWYT and Hadramout). The samples of the imported flour were obtained through the offices of Health Departments-Municipalities in Aden and Mukalla. The grains were milled by Brabender Lab. Mill (Jr. II). The chemical properties ( wet gluten and protein ) were analysed by the French method and reheological properties were determined by Brabender Farinograph. The results showed that the wheat varieties produced locally can be used in composite flour technology. Their protein content ranged from 11.3 - 15%, and their wet gluten ranged from 33.9-45%. Most of their reheological properties also showed that these varieties were having characteristics of hard types. The flour imported from Oman and the

Emirates can also be used in composite flour technology. The flour imported from France and the United States of America were of medium and soft types, respectively.

Key words: Chemical , flour , rheological properties , wheat.

Vol. 8. No. 2

Abst.: Food Sc. 09E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004:331-339

The effect of controlled atmosphere storage at 8 °C on fry colour, sprout growth and rotting of potato tubers cv Record

Omer Khanbari 1and Kieth Thompson 2 1The Food Research & Post-harvest Technology Centre, AREA,Aden. Yemen 2Department of Post-harvest Technology, SilsoeCollege, Cranfield University,U.K

Abstract Potato tubers of the cv Record were stored in different combinations of CO2 and O2 for up to six months at 8 °C to study the effect on their processing quality. Fry colour of the crisps made from these potatoes deteriorated very quickly during storage in high levels of CO2 (10-15%) and low levels of O2 (5.3-10 %). However, tubers stored in atmospheres containing 12% CO2 and below, with 3% O2 could be reconditioned to a good fry colour when subsequently stored for two weeks at 20 °C. CO2 concentrations of 12-15% during storage completely inhibited sprouting, but resulted in increased decay of the tubers. Tubers stored in O2 concentrations below 3% tended to have increased levels of decay. Keywords: Solanum tuberosum, crisps, oxygen, carbon dioxide, Controlled atmosphere storage

Vol. 8. No. 3

Abst.: Food Sc. 10A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004:455-465

Preliminary investigation on improving the traditional method of local smoked cheese manufacture

Abdel Hamid S. Saqran University of Aden Faculty of Agriculture Dept. of food Industry PO Box 10044 Lahj Gov.

Abstract

This research focused on adopting an improved method for the manufacturing of local smoked cheese. This investigation included a comparison of the chemical, bacteriological and organoleptic analysis of smoked cheese, which was manufactured by traditional method and that, which was manufactured by the improved method. The results of this work can be summarized in the following: Smoked cheese was successfully manufactured by the new method to assure the production of a unified product. Average total solids content was 58.06% in smoked cheese manufactured by traditional method compared with 59.05% for the smoked cheese manufactured by improved method. Average fat to total solids was lower in smoked cheese manufactured by traditional method nearly 18.38% that of the improved method. Average total protein of smoked cheese manufactured by traditional method was 30.5% compared with 20.8% for the improved method. Salt content was higher in smoked cheese manufactured by traditional method by nearly 1.2% over that of improved method. Micrococci was considered as microflora in both smoked cheese. Most of the panelists preferred the flavour, texture and colour of smoked cheese that manufactured by the improved method. Key words: Improved method, manufacturing, local smoked cheese, Micrococci.

7. GEOLOGY

Vol. 3. No. 2

Abst.: Geog. 01E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 127- 143

Environmental geology and related problems in the Aqaba coastal area-Jordan

Y. H. Abu-Rukah Dept. of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid- Jordan

Abstract

The geology of the Aqaba area consists entirely of granular sedimentary deposits, which are derived from the Pre-Cambrian Granite Mountains to the north and east of the study area. The geologic environment of the Aqaba area consists of processes related to the depositional environments, climatic changes, neotectonic activities and human interaction. Tectonically the study area is part of the rift system in the Red Sea, the once continuous Arabian African platform. The Gulf of Aqaba zone is known as the Gulf'of the Aqaba-Dead Sea Rift, which extends about 600 Km from the Red Sea Northerly to the Zagors Taurus Mountains in Turkey. The area experiences natural hazards including seismicity, and floods. However, the fast development activities related to industrialization, urbanization, transportation, tourism and fisheries have adversely affected the environments. Based on the results of dividing the area into five environmental zones comparative evaluation was made. The present investigation shows that the intensity of hazards are increasing and thus leading to an overall- degrading trend

Key words: Aqaba coastal area, hazards, environment.

Vol. 4. No. 1

Abst.: Geog. 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 135- 143

Engineering geological characteristics of volcanic sequeces at Gold Mohur in Aden/Yemen

Omar A. Ba-Abbad and Thanoon H. Al-Dabbagh Dept. of Civil Engg. - Faculty of Engg Oil and Minerals College. Shabwa, University of Aden

Abstract

This paper evaluates the five layer volcanic sequences in Gold Mohur area. The study includes description of each layer with reference to joint friction angle, condition of joint surface, distance between joints, average rock fragments, weathering condition, solid rock mass classification, class of exploitation and condition of blast. The objective of this study is to identify the engineering geological characteristics of rock masses that can be used for any engineering work carried out in the area.

Vol. 5. No. 1

Abst.: Geog. 03E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001: 191- 198

Groundwater recharge possibilities in arid region: case study of Yemen

KhalidA hmedAl-Suba'i Department of Earth Sciences & Environment Faculty of Science, Sana'a University P. 0. Box 13226, Sana'a, Yemen

Abstract Natural groundwater recharge in an arid region exposes special problems. Among such problems are rarity and irregularity of the rainfall occurrences, high evaporation rate, low infiltration capacities, scant of vegetation cover and short and high intensity storms etc. Due to such problems it is assumed as a rule of thumb in arid regions only 10% of the rainfall contributes to groundwater storage. This mean that about 90% of rain water is lost either as evaporation or as runoff. In the Yemen terrain a significant portion of this percent gives rise to runoff. Additionally, and due to the increasing use of groundwater for agricultural, industrial, and municipal needs, the annual extraction of groundwater along the country is far in access of the net average recharge from the natural sources. Consequently, groundwater is being withdrawn from storage and water levels are declining which may

result in droughts, crop failures, adverse salt balance, sea water intrusion in coastal aquifers and possibly land subsidence. Therefore, and to increase the natural supply of underground aquifers, artificial recharge is becoming increasingly important. It may be conducted by using a number of possible surface and subsurface recharging techniques depending on the geological, hydrological, and physiographic conditions of the considered area. This paper aims to identify distinctive regions of Yemen from the groundwater recharge point of view on the basis of available hydrological, physiographic as well is geological in formations. In addition, the necessary alternatives of groundwater recharge will be discussed for each region.

Vol. 5 No. 2

Abst.: Geog. 04E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 429- 444

A morphometric analysis of the drainage basin of the Yarmouk river in the Jordan rift

Y. Abu-Rukah and H. El-Akhal Department of Earth & Environmental Sciences. Yarmouk University. Irbid, Jordan E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The Jordanian part of Yarmouk river basin is 1137.9 km2 in area. The river flows to the Jordan Rifl, a structurally-complicated region covered by recent alluvial sediments. Cretaceous and Tertiary chalky and marly limestones. According to a detailed analysis of the drainage characteristics of this basin using both topographic and geologic maps, the basin is divided into 8 sub-basins. The drainage patterns are mainly dendritic, trellis and parallel. Lineament data on the stream patterns and the relevant rose diagrams for the lineaments have been prepared to highlight the intensity of various fractures . The study has shown that the relations between the stream orders and their numbers are linear except for the second order streams. This probably resulted from low slopes as the structural effects were eliminated by a thick sediment cover.

Keywords: Morphometric analysis , Yarmouk basin , Jordan.

Abst.: Geog. 05A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 313- 350

Geology of the area south of Ataq - Shabwa / Yemen Mustafa Rasheed AL-Obaydee and Thanoon Hamid AL-Dabbagh Department of Engineering Geology - Oil and Minerals College - Aden University

Abstract

The geology of the Shabwa area, southeast Yemen characterized by distinctive structures and geomorphologic features appear on formations belonging to old geological periods. The alpine orogeny which occurred at the end of Cretaceous and the beginning of Tertiary age has the major effect in formation of these features , which still active. The geological studies and the field measurements show that there are four rock groups, each one characterized by certain n lithology and structure. These groups affected by compression faults causing overlapping of these rock groups. The study also show that the major force or the force transmission was towards the northeast , this is come in compatible with Arabian shield motion causing the opening of the Red sea, and there is a possibility of shallow earthquake at the middle of the Red sea. The area has not effected by tectonic movement recently, but it was effected by weathering and denudation which have a direct effect on geomorphologic changing.

Key words: Structure geology , stratigraphy , fractures groups , Ataq-

Vol. 7 No. 1

Abst.: Geog. 06A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 73-80

Tectonic engineering study of Rock Full -Khamer Area - South Ataq , Yemen

Thanoon H, AL-Dabbagh and Mustafa Rasheed AL-Obaydee Department of Engineering Geology - Oil and Minerals College - Aden University

Abstract

Field work studies show that some inhabitant areas and roads in the Khamer village and its surroundings are situated within the unstable tectonic zone, Between the eastern and the western stratigraphic parts of Yemen along Bediment slope. Stereograghic projection and Mohor circles have been used to identify the vertical and tangential stresses of the vertical joints in the area. The results show that both stresses are low and the vertical joints are located within the unstable area between Mohor envelope and sliding line. Accordingly, we recommend that houses and economic projects must be built away from this zone.

Key words: Rock fall, Tectonic zone, vertical joints, Khmer village/Shabwa.

8. MARINE SCIENCES

Vol. 1. No. 1

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 01E

University of Aden JournaLof Natural . and Applied Sciences 1 (1) 1996: 67- 79

Elemental composition of some marine algae from the Hadramout coast (Republic of Yemen) Saeed Al - Abid Ba- Naimoon Department of Biology College of Science, Arts and Education University of Aden Mukalla- Hadramout Box No. 50197 Republic of Yemen

Abstract Twenty-three marine algal species representing members of the Chlorophyta, Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta from different stations along the Hadramout coast were analyzed for the concentrations of Ca, Mg, P, Fe, Zn and Mn concentrations varied from one species to another

and also from station to station. The concentration of Ca shows a wide range 4160 - 20900 µg.g-1; followed by Mg from 2300 - 9000 µgG-1. Concentrations of Zn and Mn were lower than other elements. The effects of pollution in the algae is discussed in relation to the concentration of these elements.

Vol. 3. No. 1

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(1) 1999: 93-99

Effect on the phytoplankton piqments due to the activity of indusrial and sewage wastes at Aden Bay (Yemen)

Ghaleb Awadh Bafan*, Farag M. Mutlag** * University of Aden, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy ** Institute of Marine Sciences, Aden

Abstract The effect on Phytoplankton and its pigments due to the activity of industrial and sewage waste at the interior, near and far off Aden Bay (Gulf of Aden) was studied during 23rd August and 3rd September 1992 at 23 stations after monsoon winds. The effect on chlorophyll a,b,c, due to antropogenic factors (sewage and industrial waste) and partial treatment in sedimentation ponds have been noted. Carotene, temperature, oxygen and salinity was also seen to be affected by this activity.

Vol. 4. No. 1

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 03A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 81-88

Bioaccumulation of iron and lead in the soft tissue of some marine molluscs and associated sediment at Labor Island, Aden, Yemen.

Anis Ahmed Ali and Aqil Abdulrahman Baharoon Biology Department Chemistry Department College of Education, University of Aden.

Abstract The aim of this research work is to know the effect of the oil spill from the oil pipes that pass near the Labor Island, in addition the use of the Island as a station for gathering the old ships and boats that been prepared for re-exportation. For this purpose, a number of marine molluscs were used such as, Acanthopleura haddoni (chitons), Ostrea cucullata (oysters) , Turbo coronatus (sea snails). They were classified to their classes and sizes. Associated surfacial sediments were also used after sieving to < 63 µm, inorder to be analyzed by using the AAS. The results obtained showed high concentration in Fe and Pb in the soft tissue of the marine animals used and the associated sediment. These results indicate that these two heavy metals were bioaccumulated, and this accumulation may be returned to the oil spill from the oil pipes, or from the old ships that anchor at the sea port from time to time, or to the spill of drainage from the iron mountain camp, or all the probabilities together.

Vol. 5. No. 2

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 04E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2000: 447- 452

Variations in the relationship between phosphate and oxygen in the central part Gulf of Aden

A. Al Sayed. A and S. Elias Marine Science & Resources Research Center, PO Box 8,Crater, Aden, Yemen

Abstract The variation in the interrelationship between the apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) and phosphate (P04) in the central part (480,00 '- 490,00 'E, 130.25''- 14020/ N) of the Gulf of Aden has been studied using the data collected during the cruise of R./V Dm. Stefanov from October to December 1989.

The atomic ratios obtained are: AOU: PO4 : 201 AOU: PO4 : 197 AOU: PO4 : 262 , respectively.

Variations in the oxygen solubility and apparent oxygen utilization for the biochemical oxidation have been presented. Uniform distribution of preformed phosphate during October and November show a strong effect of upwelling process on the productivity. Key words: Oxygen, phosphate, Gulf of Aden

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 05E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2000: 453- 461

The Appearance of Penaeus indicus Fry along Hadramout seashore creek habitats and aquacultlure potential

S.A. Banaimoon, C.Regunathan, Alphonse Rodriguees and M.R.Kitto AIMurjan Marine Resources Co Ltd, P 0 Box. 50197, Mukalla, Republic of Yemen.

Abstract

The data on the nursery areas and habitat preferences postlarat secd resouts of Penaeus indicus along the seasonal creeks, wadis, rivers in the Hadramout coast of Yemen highlights the seasonal preponderance and oceanic influences of the population indicating factors like ecobiological shelter, salinity control and synchronous spawning. hatching growth and metamorphosis of the larvae and early postlarvae. Correlations on carapace and total lengths derive the expression. CL = -0.253+0.240, TL: N=4O . r=0.738,

Key words: Penaeus indicus. Fry, Hadhramout sea shore, Aquaculture

Vol. 6. No. 2

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 06E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(2) 2002: 335- 352 Application and further analysis of descriptory parameters in the zonation of the vertebral axis in fresh water Triploid Trout (Salmo faroL.) (Teleostei, Salmonidae)

Mohamed Yassin Ramzu Faculty of Education, University of Aden.

Abstract In teleost fish, bone does not play a role in neutralizing gravity. The axial skeleton, in fact, interferes in locomotion. Muscles which form the motor organ are supported by the vertebral axis, the role of which is connected with hydrodynamical aspects, such as flexibility and stability. The vertebral axis is divided morphologically into truncal and caudal regions. For osteological parameters and one histomorphometrical parameter of vertebrae have been studied biometrically. Profiles of Salmo trutta vertebral parameters revealed the possibility of dividing the vertebral axis morphofunctionaly into three zones. A postcranial zone composed of 8 vertebrae; a second middle zone comprises the posterior vertebrae of the trunk region and the anterior vertebrae of the caudal region of the vertebral axis classical division, thus composed of 51 vertebrae; and finally a third ural zone corresponding to the caudal peduncle and comprises 7 vertebrae. The new morphofunctional division interpreted, as a functional organization of the vertebral axis to fulfill hydrodynamical requirements of the subcarangiform mode of swimming in which the posterior part of the body is subjected to locomotory undulations and in which the wave length seen on the body while swimming, does not exceed one. It is also characterized by a feeble aspect ratio. The purpose of this paper is to test whether such morphofunctional organization is retained by triploid trouts Salmo fario L., which are the product of Zootechnology . Vertebral volume, a fifth parameter, is calculated and analysed too. Histomorphometrical analysis will be the subject of another study. Profiles of the five parameters and their associations consolidated vertebral zonation into three zones in triploid trouts. Therefore, genetical treatment has no effect on the vertebral axis organization. Hence, these trouts are expected to respond to subcarangiform mode of swimming normally. This paper throws light also on the major role of both vertebral height and anterior breadth in forming robust vertebrae along the vertebral axis antero- posteriorly.

Keywords: Aquaculture fish, vertebral axis, parameters, pattern, morphofunctional division

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 07E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(2) 2002: 353- 358 Natural occurrence of the Tiger Prawn Penaeus monodon in the Yemen coast

S.A. Banaimoon College of Environmental and Marine Biology, Dept of Marine Biology- Hadramout University of Science and Technology. Mukalla, Box No. 50512,

Abstract The tiger prawn Penaeus monodon Fabricius is a unique ecotypic sparsely distributed- strain which resist atmospheric temperatures from 18-48o C and salinity up to 48 ppt. Its virgin virus-free constitution and denser meat have fetched high demand from many countries for research as brood stock, nauplii. postlarvae and seafood. it is distributed geographically from South and East Africa, Gulf of Tadjura, west coast of Madagascar, Southern tip of the Red Sea, Pakistan to southern India. To the east the distribution extends as far as China and Japan, Philippines, New Guine arid Austraha. This precious minority stock is under severe threat of overfishing. Destruction of seagrasses by manmade coastal structures and indiscriminate lobster catches has seriously affected the tiger prawn. Measures must be taken at different levels even with the help of International agencies to chart out guidelines, programs in order to recompense this valuable attractive stock, otherwise, Arabs will have to lose this gift of nature sustained for thousand years.

Keywords: Penaeus monodon, population, stock. distribution, Yemen coast

Vol. 6. No. 3

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 08E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(3) 2002: 597- 606

Inter-species variations in metal concentrations in the soft tissue of some Mollusks from the coasts of Aden Governorate. A. A. Ali. and A. A. Baharoon Biology Department Chemistry Department College of Education - University of Aden

Abstract Nearly most of the mollusks are considered as good biomonitors for heavy metals pollution due to their mode of life, but there are differences in the bioavailability of heavy metals in their soft tissues. This research shows that Turbo coronatus and Acanthopleura haddoni are the best to accumulate Cd, Pb, Co, Cr. As for Ni, P. perna and the latter two specimens show higher concentrations. Turbo coronalus and Ostrea cucullata are the best to accumulate Cu, and Zn. Acanthopleura haddoni and Veneridae pitar sp. show higher availability of Fe, and Mn in their soft tissues.

Keywords: Biomonitors, molluscs , heavy metals.

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 09E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 491- 498

Preliminary experiment in culturing the Seaweed Gracilaria verrucosa in the open sea water of Hadramout (Yemen)

S.A. Banaimoon Marine Biology Department -Faculty of Environmental Science and Marine Biology University of Hadramout for Science and Technology

Abstract Culture trials were performed using the long line rope method to test the feasibility for the commercial culture of the agarophyte Gracilaria verrucosa (Hudson) Papenfuss (Order: Gigartinales; Family :Gracilariaceae) in the near shore waters of Ash-Shehir in Hadramout. The trial was carried out from the period of October to December 1999). The vegetative propagules (fragments) of 4.2 to 4.5 cm of the plants were used as seed . Eight weeks of culture with 6 long lines with an initial density of 166 grams/m2 gave an average final yield of 1500 g /m2 area and there was an average 9 folds increase evidencing an average daily growth rate of 4.79% . The vital characteristics like gel strength, gelling and melting temperature etc. of the gel extracted was also analysed and found to meet both the food and bacteriological grade quality.

Keywords: Seaweeds, Gracilaria verrucosa ,culture, southern coasts of Yemen

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 10E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 603- 607

Halophila stipulacea (Forskal) Ascherson New record for the south of Arabia/Northern coast of the Gulf of Aden

Gamal M. Bawazir Marine Science Resources Research Center, E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to present the new record of sea grasses in the coastal line of Aden (north western Gulf of Aden). The sea grass Halophila stipulacea (Forskal) Ascherson is recorded for the first time from the coast of south Arabia (South Coast of Yemen).

Key words : Halophila stipulacea, sea grasses, Gulf of Aden.

Vol. 8. No. 2

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 11A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004: 251- 259

Effect of red muscles ratio on locomotive activity in some Red Sea fish Ghaith J. Al-Mahdawi Department of Marine Biology & Fisheries Faculty of Marine Science & Environment, Hodeidah University Abstract

Red muscles ratio and body shape were investigated in five fish species from Red Sea, to detect their effect upon locomotive activity. It was found that, ratio of red muscles increased towards the tail, where the vertebra became smaller in size. This pattern provides fish with active manouvering and fast propulsive motions. In tuna (Euthynnus affinis), red muscles composed 31.9 % of the total body musculature, with elongated body shape. This has enabled the fish to have a propulsive active motion. On the contrary, the flat fish sole (Psettodes erumei), with its flattened body shape and low red muscle ratio (4.7 %) became calm sluggish moving fish, but ready to perform fast sudden movements. In conclusion, strong relationship has been detected between the studied variables (red muscles & body shape) with locomotion. Active and monouvering movement, which was detected in tunas were, correlated with elongated shape and elevated red muscle ratio. Calm, inactive motion which was resembled in flat fish, was accompanied with low red muscle ratio & flattened body shape. Fish size has no clear relationship with motion activity in some of the studied fish.

Key words: Red muscles, locomotive activity, Red Sea fish.

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 12E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004: 343- 350 Apparent oxygen utilization ; phosphate ratios , and water masses in the eastern side Gulf of Aden

Ahmed Al-sayed Marine Science and Resources Research Centre Ahmed_ alsayed 57 @ yahoo .Com P.O. Box 5776 Maala ; Aden Republic of Yemen Fax : 231223

Abstract

Data was collected during the period March 1986 on R/V Siv- Ribak ; August and October on R/V Skif; and were analysed to study the relationship between apparent oxygen utilization ( AOU) , and phosphate (PO4) in the eastern part Gulf of Aden between 52 ~ 53 25 E and 15 30 ~ 13 25 N . Although the linear relationship between ( AOU) and (PO4) of various atomic ratios were deducted AOU : PO4 = 182 : 1 in

August ; AOU : PO4 = 187:1 in October due to the upwelling process ; where the oxygen minimum layer rised up to 10 or even Zero m . In March the atomic ratio is AOU : PO4 = 248:1 seems to be close to that ratio given for Arabian Sea . Silicate density relationship was used for the classification of various water masses in the eastern side Gulf of Aden . Various water masses are: 1. Gulf of Aden water . 2. Intermediate Arabian Sea water ; 3. Red Sea water .

Key words : Gulf of Aden, Oxygen , phosphate , water masses .

Vol. 8. No. 3

Abst.: Mar.Sc. 13E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 555- 562

Predicted and current catch, total mortality and fishing season for the shrimp Penaeus semisulcatus in Al- Mahara area

Mahboob Mohamed Abdul-Wahab Marine Science and Resources Research Center- Aden E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The main commercial coastal shrimp species in Yemeni waters is Penaeus semisulcatus exploited in Ghubbat Al-Qamar area in Al- Mahara Governorate east of the country and the Red Sea area. The predicted total allowable catch in 1989 was 54 tons per season corresponding with the effort of 135 fishing days. In 2003 fishing season, total catch during the period July-November was 54.6 tons and the effort was 139 fishing days. Annual total mortality coefficient (Z) was estimated in 198 as 10.2 for males and 8.9 for females. Fishing season should be restricted to the period August to mid October.

Keywords: Ghubbat Al-Qamar, total mortality, effort, catch per unit effort.

10. MATHEMATICS

Vol. 1. No. 1

Abst.: Math. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1 (1) 1996 : 81 108

An investigation of three numerical methods on the question of hydrodynamic stability of a plane laminar jet with a view of extension to the stability problem of the gulf stream

Abdulla Ali Qirshi University of Aden

Abstract The object of this paper to verify a result on the question of stability of a plane laminar jet obtained by Curle by means of numerical methods which I followed and which are likely to be convenient for extensions to three dimensional models of the Gulf Stream (in the North Atlantic). Three numerical methods are attempted: A shooting method, a finite difference method, and an averaging method. The Relative merits of these methods are discussed at the end of the paper.

Vol. 4. No. 2

Abst.: Math. 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4 (2) 2000 : 429- 433

On -perfect and *-perfect mappings

Abdulla S. Bin Shahna and Anter A. Assayad Mathematics Department, University of Aden, Aden, Republic of Yemen. Abstract In this paper we obtain some properties and results related to - perfect and -perfect mappings, besides obtaining characterizations of -compact and *-compact fuzzy spaces. Also we introduce quasi - perfect and quasi *-perfect mappings and give characterizations of -

Lindelof and *-lindelof fuzzy spaces with some results similar to that of -compactness and *-compactness.

Vol. 6. No. 2

Abst.: Math. 03E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (2) 2002 : 389- 405

Analytical study of propagation of acceleration waves in radiative magnetogasdynamics Anwar A. Bassaif Department of Basic Sciences - Faculty of Engineering P.O. Box 5243, Maalla Aden University of Aden, Republic of Yemen

Abstract In the present paper, by utilizing Jeffrey's analysis, we have obtained the differential equation governing the growth and decay of an acceleration wave in radiative magnetogasdynamic flow. It is observed that the effect of magnetic field on compressive waves which owe their origin to radiation, is to cause an early shock formation, while on those of expansion waves which owe their origin to radiation, the effect of magnetic field is to decrease the decay rate. However, the coupling of radiation and magnetic field on compressive waves which are emanating from piston movement, is to slow down the motion of a breakdown point and thus, to increase the cylindrical shock formation time, while on those of expansion waves the effect is to enhance the decay rate.

Key words : Jeffrey's analysis, acceleration waves, radiative magnetogasdynamics, compressive and expansion waves, shock formation , decay rate.

Vol. 6. No. 3

Abst.: Math. 04E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (3) 2002 : 611- 619 Viscous inhomogeneous layer under inhomogeneous field

Akhtar A. Ghafoor and Jaber A. H. Al-Khalaqui Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden.

Abstract The present paper is devoted to the investigation of the onset of instability in an inhomogeneous viscous fluid layer between two free boundaries in the presence of an inhomogeneous magnetic field acting in the longitudinal direction. It is found that the inhomogeneity with positive gradient has a destabilizing effect, while the magnetic field has a stabilizing influence on the system. Further, a magnetic field of sufficient strength can completely stabilize the system which is otherwise unstable. This field is the same as in the non-viscous case. As such the viscosity has no effect on the stability criterion of the system.

Key words: Inhomogeneous fluid, viscosity, inhomogeneous field.

Abst.: Math. 05E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (3) 2002 : 621- 627

Variation of shock strength along the ray in a thermally conducting and radiating gas

Anwar A. Bassaif Department of Basic Science - Faculty of Engineering-University of Aden P.O.Box 5243, Maalla- Aden, Yemen

Abstract In this paper, the growth and propagation of shock waves and variation of shock strength along the ray in a thermally and radiating gas have been studied by using the theory of rays. It is observed that, in a thermally conducting gas, the shock strength goes on decreasing along the ray with increase in time and ultimately terminates into a surface of weak discontinuity, whereas in a thermally conducting and radiating gas, increase in the radiation flux number, causing a slow - down decay rate of shock strength along the ray.

Key words: Shock waves, theory of rays, thermally conducting and radiating gas.

Vol. 7. No. 1

Abst.: Math. 06E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 135- 140

Bolzano - Weierstrass property in Fuzzy Topology

Abdulla S. Bin Shahna and Awad H. A. O. Albekri Mathematics Department, Faculty of Education, University of Aden - Aden, Republic of Yemen

Abstract The purpose of this paper is to introduce Bolzano -Weierstrass property in fuzzy topology and to show that the notions of sequential compactness and semicompactness are equivalent to Bolzano- Weierstrass property in the case of C1-fuzzy topological space.

Keywords: Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy topology and C1-fuzzy topological space.

Vol. 7. No. 2

Abst.: Math. 07E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (2) 2003 : 311- 320

Contour integral representations for Appells' Functions with use of Fractional Differintegration

Maged G. Bin-Saad Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Kohrmaksar P.O. Box. 6014, Aden University, Aden, Yemen

Abstract In this paper, some contour integral and differintegral representations for hypergeometric functions of two variables, which are obtained through the application of Nishimotos definition for

integrations and differentiations of arbitrary order are reported. Our results extend and unify a known results due to Nishimoto.

Keywords: AMS 33C45, special functions, Appell Functions fractional Calculus, Contour Integrals

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Math. 08A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 451- 455

Bounded Functions and the R integral

Anter A. Assyad Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Education, University of Aden

Abstract A function is said to be bounded in a certain interval if there exists a positive real number such that the absolute value of the function is less than or equal to that number, for every x belongs to the domain of the function. Such type of functions is Lebegue integrable, but it may not be Riemannian integrable. In this paper, there is an additional condition for the bounded function to be Riemannian integrable.

Key words: Bounded function, Riemann integral, Darbu lower integral and Darbu upper integral.

Abst.: Math. 09E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003:525-532

Weisner's method to obtain generating functions for the phase space Hermite polynomials

Mohannad J. S. Shahwan

Zarka Private University, Faculty of Science, Department of Mathematics P.O. Box: 2000-code No. 13110 Zarka- Jordan, E-mail; Mohannad @zpu.edu.jo

Abstract Weisner [5] group-theoretic method of obtaining generating functions has been utilized in the case of phase-space Hermite polynomials PS HP Hm.n(x,p) by giving suitable interpretations to the indices (m) and (n). A few special cases of interest are also discussed which would yield inevitably to many new results of the theory of special functions.

Keywords: Phase-Space Hermite Polynomials (PS HP), Generating Functions, Lie Algebra

Abst.: Math. 10E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (3) 2003 : 533- 541

Hydromagnetic instability of an inhomogeneous viscous fluid in a heterogeneous magnetic field Akhtar A. Ghafoor Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Engineering, University of Aden

Abstract The investigation in this paper concentrates on the hydromagnetic instability of a viscous, inhomogeneous fluid layer bounded between two planes under the influence of a heterogeneous magnetic field acting in the longitudinal direction. The dispersion relation has been derived and discussed for the different cases. The effects of the initial inhomogeneity, the magnetic field and the viscosity of the fluid are discussed. The instability criterion has been established from the analysis of these relations. Key words: Hydromgnatic instability, inhomogeneous fluid, heterogeneous field

Vol. 8. No. 2

Abst.: Math. 11E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2) 2004 : 353 360 On the basis number of Cartesian Product a Ladder Graph with Other Graphs

Saad S. AL-Tobaili 1, , Ghassan T. Marougi 2 1 Hdramout University of Science & Technololy, Yemen. 2 Mosul University, Iraq.

*E-mail [email protected]

Abstract

The basis number of a graph G , is the smallest positive integer h such that the cycle space has an h fold basis. A ladder graph is defined as the disjoint union of m copies of complete graphs on two vertices. This paper determines the basis number of cartesian product of ladder graph with paths, cycles, wheels and with any connected semi- hamiltonian graph. Also, the basis number of the Cartesian product of ladder graph with complete graph K4S 2 , for s 1is introduced. Key words: Graph theory, basis number and Cartesian product of graphs.

11. MEDICINE

Vol. 2. No. 1

Abst.: Med. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2(1) 1998: 129- 135

Frequency of thyroid carcinoma in Southeastern, Yemen *Gamal Abdul Hammed, **A.A. Bawazir,*** M.S. Tayeb *Paraclinical Department, ** Public Health Department, ***Surgery Department Faculty of Medicine University of Aden

Abstract This is a first attempt in Southeastern, Yemen to study the distribution of Thyroid carcinoma by sex, age and histological classification . Utilizing the Aboard Treatment Registry of Aden Health Office ,during the period between 1989- 1993 all cases registered having thyroid cancer were studied, The analyzed information showed that the thyroid carcinoma was the second most common malignancy in female . Out of 685 cancer patients 57% were thyroid carcinoma, 11 males and 46 females. Of these were 57% papillary, 24.56% follicular, 7% medullary and 10.5% anaplastic. The need of profound study for identifying the associated risk factors and the need of a cancer register for more accurate and detailed information is emphasized. Vol. 3. No. 2

Abst.: Med. 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 147- 152

Prevalence of blood groups in Aden population Mahmud M. Mohsen1 , Gamal Abdul Hamid2, Anisa M. Abood2 1Physiological Department, 2Preclinical Department Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy, University of Aden

Abstract To study prevalence of ABO blood groups and Rh phenotypes in Aden population, 3454 blood samples from Aden population were studied for ABO blood group and Rh phenotypes. All tests were selected at random from Aden residents visiting the various scientific and cultural exhibitions held in the occasion of university student's week . The results have shown that the frequency of the ABO and Rh phenotype and the frequency of ABO and Rh genes were calculated. The highest frequency was that of blood group 0 (49.56%) and the lowest of blood group AB (2.42%). Among the Rh phenotypes, the majority (84,76%) were Rh positive. The frequency of the ABO gene A, B, and 0 were 0.142, 0.064, 0.794 respectively Conclusion and Recommendation: These results show significant differences in the frequency of the ABO blood groups in Aden, compared to other populations. The study revealed the greater need for blood group 0 for the purpose of transfusion. AB blood group is very rare and it is necessary to know the residency of these persons regarding the emergency need of this blood group. It is necessary to

determine blood group in different areas of Yemen in order to identify if any difference exist in frequencies.

Vol. 4. No. 1

Abst.: Med. 03E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 177- 184 Clinical aspects and treatment of severe malaria: Experience at Al-Gamhoria Teaching Hospital, Aden- Yemen

Gamal Abdul Hamid, Anisa M. Abood and N. A. Bin Ahmed Hematology and clinical laboratory Department, Parasitology/Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine & Pharmacy University of Aden, Yemen

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze clinical aspects, laboratory findings, complication and treatment of malaria in-patients admitted to medical ward of Al-Gamhoria Teaching Hospital. 396 patients with malaria were observed between January 1997-December 1998. The patients were in severe conditions or not improved in outpatient's clinics. The diagnosis of all cases confirmed by a positive blood film or bone marrow aspiration. Results showed that fever, vomiting, shivering and arthralgia were the most common manifestations. Blood count showed anemia in 68%, leukpenia in 39.5% and ESR was high in 25% and elevated liver function test (LFT) in 9.1%. Common complications included, severe anemia with Hb<5gm/dl was in 19.7%, cerebral malaria in 13.2% and renal failure in 5.8%. 17 patients (4.3%) died from cerebral malaria and acute renal failure. The malaria responds to chlorquine in 53.4% of patients in 1997 and 41.1% in 1998. Conclusions and recommendations could be summarized, high mortality and morbidity rate, increase incidence of malaria in 1998, low response of malaria to chlorquine, and the necessity to study the presence of resistance to chlorquine among P. falciparum strains with use of in vitro tests.

Abst.: Med. 04E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 185- 191 Breast cancer in Yemeni women

Ahmed M. Al-Hadrani, Saleh Al-Aulaqi & Mohamed A. M. Qubaty Yemeni Cancer Society, Faculty of Medicine, Sana a University, Sana a, Yemen Republic

Abstract This is a retrospective and prospective study of breast cancer in Yemeni women during a period of three and half years. There were 147 histologically-proven cancer cases. The mean age at the time of presentation was 35 years. 28% of patients were under 36 years and 30% were postmenopausal. The majority of cases (95%) had advanced disease at the time of presentation to surgery. The commonest histopathological types was infiltrating ductal carcinoma (76.2%), followed by infiltrating lobular carcinoma (12.2%). The study demonstrated that there was annual increase in female breast cancer cases in Yemen. The increase in occurrence of the disease can not be fully explained by the improvement in medical facilities and breast disease awareness. We believe that the rapid environmental changes and changes in patterns of life and food intake which have taken place in Yemen during the past three decades are partly responsible for the noticed increase in the occurrence of this disease among Yemeni women. Further future studies are needed.

Abst.: Med. 05E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 193- 202

Retrospective study of 319 deaths from Trauma in Al-Thawra Hospital

Mohamed A. M. Qubaty, Ahmed M. Al - Hadrani, Mohamed H. Al-Sharagi, Abdulla M. Mugally, Abdulah A. Nasher Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Sana a University, Sana a, Yemen Republic

Abstract

Trauma patients occupy 38.6% of general surgery and other surgical specialties beds and one in 12 hospital beds are occupied by trauma victims. The aim of this study was to analyze the causes of death from injury in one general hospital over a period of one year. The study included 319 hospital deaths after trauma, 266 (83%) were in males and 53 (17%) in females. Ages ranged from 1 to 80 years (The median age was 40). The commonest age groups affected were children between 0 to 10 years, and those between 11 to 20 years, forming 46.2% of the total. The most common cause of death was road traffic accidents (46.4%). The next common causes were gunshot wounds (25.7%) and falls from heights (25.3%). Head injury was the cause of death in 213 (66.8%). Visceral injuries and chest injuries were the cause of mortality in 33 (10.3%) and 26 (8%) respectively. Non-central nervous system deaths were 26 (8%) in the second peak and 108 (34%) in the 3rd peak of trimodal distribution of trauma deaths. The study indicated that trauma in Yemen has become a major health problem and an effective preventive and resuscitive measures should be implemented including the creation of trauma centres.

Abst.: Med. 06E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 203- 211

Malignant lymphoma in Southeastern Governorates of Yemen

1Gamal Abdul-Hamid, 2Amin A. Bawazir and 3Mohamed S. Tayeb

1Hematology Dept., 2Community Medicine Dept., 3Surgery Dept. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Aden

Abstract Lymphoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases with differences in epidemiology, histology and prognosis. According to previous studies in Yemen, Lymphoma was identified as the most common malignant tumors in Southeastern Yemen. This study aims to study the prevalence of lymphomas in Aden and adjacent Southeastern Governorates, as a registry based study according to sex, age, residency and types of lymphomas. A retrospective study was performed using the Abroad Registry of the Ministry of Public Health, during the period 1989-1996 and Aden Cancer Registry during the period between 1997-1998. 243 patients with malignant lymphomas

(NHL and HD) were included in this study. There were 146 male and 97 female cases. In our study, the age distribution of the NHL patients varied from 4- 80 years and Hodgkin s disease 5-65 years. The median age of Non- Hodgkin s lymphoma was 31.7years and Hodgkin s disease 33 years. According to the registered data from 1989 to 98 it was observed that the trend of lymphomas was increased tremendously from 25 cases calculated in each year to 60 cases in 1998. It has been concluded that the age group 30 39 years was the most affected in all types of lymphomas and the trend is going toward the young adults and children with high prevalence of Burkitt s lymphoma among children. The main recommendation was dedicated to the importance of performing further studies to determine the association of the different factors leading to increase incidence of malignant lymphomas in Yemen.

Vol. 4. No. 2

Abst.: Med. 07E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 437- 445

A Study of hemophilia case in Lahej Province in Republic of Yemen

Mahmood M. Mohsen, Gamal Abdul Hamid and Hanan H. Omer Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Aden

Abstract Hemophilia is an x-linked recessive genetic disorder, with an incidence of 1/5000 male births. Hemophilia, though it is rare, but is not uncommon genetic disorder in Yemen. An extended hemophiliac family at Lahej province was chosen to be the subject matter of this case study, among other identified hemophiliac families in Abyan and Aden provinces. The reasons for choosing this family case study were because of being a typical representative of hemophiliac family in Yemen, because of the cooperation of the family that enabled to construct a pedigree consisting of five generations and because of economic, social, health and religious problems revealed by the analytical study of this case. The methods of diagnosis were post-operative hemorrhage, (Circumcision, umbilical trauma, injuries) and measures of factor VIII (less than 30% of normal).

The pedigree obtained follows well the X-linked trait. The pedigree is composed of 76 individuals including 33 females (43.4%) and 43 males (56.6%) . 9 females (27.2% of the females) were obligate carrier, each having at least one hemophilic son. 39.5% of the males were hemophilic, and among them 64.7% died of hemophilia at age ranging between 20 days to 26 years, the rest 35.7% are still living It is concluded that Because of the existence of distorted concepts about the nature of genetic disorder s transmission, absence of genetic counseling, and the non-existence of methods of early or prenatal diagnosis are among the factors that help in the increase of number of hemophiliac individuals in the hemophiliac families and consequently in society. It is concluded that because of the low quality of diagnosis, treatment and preventive measures in addition to the expensiveness of medicines, the morbidity from this disease reaches to a higher percentage. In this study morbidity reach to 64.7%.

Vol. 5. No. 1

Abst.: Med. 08E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001: 201- 206

The undescended testicle

Abdulla A. Karama Musa Urology Unit. Surgery Department, Faculty of medicine & Health sciences, University of Aden Abstract

Undescended testicle (cryptorchidism) results from a complex hereditary series of incompletely understood events. The incidence is indirectly related to birth weight and dramatically decreases during the first 3 months after birth and affects 0,8% of all boys by age of 1 year. 910 preschool (3-6 years) boys were examined by me, 4.7% of them are still having Undescended testicle without treatment.

Keyword: Undescended testicle (UT), Preschool boys.

Abst.: Med. 09E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001: 207- 217

Our experience of emergency oesophago-gastro-duodenoscopy In patients with upper digestive bleeding

Riyadh N.M.Hati, Ali M.Al-Nawi, and Ali Karama, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aden, R. of Yemen.

Abstract The causes of upper digestive bleeding in the medical literature are well known, but there is no published material related to the actual picture of the haematemesis patients admitted to Al-Gamhouria teaching hospital in Aden Governorate. Retrospective study was carried out on 241 cases of upper digestive bleeding treated in Al-Gamhouria hospital (both in medical and surgical wards) during 8 years from January 1987 to December 1994. Three patients with bloody vomitus, who were found to have active destructive pulmonary tuberculosis, and eight others who refused the procedure are not included in this study. The results of this study again underline the importance of emergency endoscopy as a method of first choice in the diagnosis of the causes of bleeding. The important conclusion which could be stated in consequence of such a study is that bleeding oesophageal varices are the leading cause of upper digestive bleeding, whereas peptic ulcers come in the second place.

Key words : Haematemesis, melaena, endoscopy.

Abst.: Med. 10E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001: 223- 227

Cutaneous leishmaniasis of the lip mimicking carcinoma. Two cases report Hussun Saeed Jezan Faculty of Medicine-University of Aden. Abstract We are reporting two cases of cutaneous leishmaniasis that were clinically suspected as carcinoma of the lip. One of the patients had biopsy of the lip and the other was subjected to excision of the lip with subsequent skin graft.

Keywords: Cutaneous, leishmaniasis, lip, carcinoma.

Vol. 5. No. 2

Abst.: Med. 11E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 465- 472 Current experience of surgical management of bleeding oesophageal varices in AI-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital

Ali M-AI-Nawi, Riyadh N. M .Hati, Moh'D S.AI-Tayyeb Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Aden. Abstract The aim of this research is to study retrospectively the place of Hassab's procedure in the arsenal of methods of treatment of acute bleeding oesophageal varices, especially in our circumstances and in accordance with the facilities available in AI-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital. Those patients (40) admitted to the surgical wards in the period from January 1988 to December 1994, and proved endoscopcally to be bleeding from oesophageal varices, were included in this study. Ultrasonography of the abdomen was performed in only 20% (8) of cases due to its introduction in the clinical practice in later years. Only one method of surgery - Hassab's procedure, was used if medical therapy failed to control the bleeding, regardless to Child's classification. Females were 3 out of 40 (7.5%). Mean age for both sexes was 43.21 years, ranging between 27 and 75 years. Eighteen patients (45%) were operated with surgical mortality of 5.56% (1). The overall mortality was 2.5% (1/40). Postoperative period was uneventful. None of the operated patients returned back with recurrent bleeding. With the facilities available we consider that Hassab's procedure is relatively simple, effective and applicable for all Child's classes patients with acute bleeding Oesophageal varices.

Key words: Bleeding , oesophageal varices , Hassab's procedure.

Abst.: Med. 12E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(2) 2001: 473- 479

Urinary bladder tumors (Retrospective Study)

Abdulla A. Karama Musa Urology unit. Surgery Department, Faculty of medicine &. Health sciences, University of Aden

Abstract

A retrospective study was done on patients were admitted to AI- Gamhooria Teaching Hospital with diagnosis of urinary bladder tumors in the period of Jan, 1995 and Dec. 1996. All records were analyzed.

Keywords ; Schistosomiasis , carcinogenic factors

Vol. 6. No. 1

Abst.: Med. 13E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 199- 212

Retrospective study of abdominal wall Hernias in patients of AI- Gamhouria Teaching Hospital during 10- years period 1987-1996

Riyadh N.M. Hati Department of Surgery; Faculty of Medicine. University of Aden. R. of Yemen

Abstract The objective of the study is to analyze different aspects of hernias in patients admitted to the Surgical Department of AI- Gamhouria Teaching Hospital during the 10-year-period of 1987 - 1996. The medical records of all patients, who were admitted during the mentioned period were studied retrospectively. Over these 10 years 770 patients of different ages (ranging from 45 days to 90 years) and different sexes (male to female ratio of 2.7 : I) with different types and conditions of hernias were operated. Incidences of incisional hernias reveal the ignorance and negligence of basic general surgical principles of suture material selection in closure of post-operative abdominal wall wounds especially in obstetric and gynecology practice. Importance of proper medical documentation and administrative reorganization of the surgical activity is emphasized. A prospective study is highly recommended.

Key words : Hernia, suture material, abdominal wall.

Abst.: Med. 14E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 213- 218

Variations in Zinc and Copper concentrations in hair in a group of adolescents with Schistosomiasis

Saleh Abdullah AI-Attas and Zaid Salem Qahtan Unit of Biochemistry, Department of Physiological Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Aden

Abstract Since the concentrations of elements in the plasma vary due to man factors from day to day, it is useful to determine the contents of elements in hair which evaluates the nutritional state of those persons for the previous three or four months. The content of elements in hair reflects the reserves of these elements in the body., The purpose of this work is to evaluate how schistosomiasis could affect the levels of zinc and copper in the body of adolescent school children whose mean age ranges between 12.2 and 13.3 years. They live in a boarding school, and they came from different governorates of Yemen. All the school children had undergone clinical and physical examinations, as well as evaluation for their nutritional state. All the subjects were examined for the parasitic infections by stool and urine examination, the total number of the subjects was 70 children classified into four groups: control group (N=18), ,S. mansoni infected group (N=37), S. hematobium infected group (N=11) and ,S. mansoni - S.hematobium infected group (N=4). The hair samples were obtained from the scalps of the individuals. They were washed and dried and about 100 mg of hair from each individual was weighed and burned at 450 oC for about one hour. The solutions were read in duplicate by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Pye Unicum SP 191) for zinc and copper determinations. The results showed low levels of zinc in hair in the three groups infected with schistosomes compared to the control group; with a significant difference in the S.mansonii group (p 0.05) . For copper, all the groups diminished in the content of hair copper with a significant value in the S. mansoni too. (p 0.05).

Keywords: Schistosomiasis, hair, copper, zinc

Abst.: Med. 15E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 219- 230 Seroprevalence of Hepatitis B S Antigen among health workers in Aden Governorate September 97 Khalida Anwer Yousef Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences- Aden.

Abstract

WHO estimates HBsAg is > 8" in Yemen i.e. our country is considered among the highest endemic regions by the international WHO definition. Health Care workers (HCWs) in Yemen are at greatest risk of acquiring HBV infection by direct exposure to patient"s blood and body fluids. The Health office in Aden recognized this serious health problem and under the leadership of the Director General (94-98) launched on September 1997 the first screening for HBsAg marker and immunization against HBV for Aden HCWs (the very high risk group). Of a total of 771 registered high risk HCWs, 598 (77.6%) were screened for UBsAg. The percentages of screening uptake in Aden General Hospital, AI-Gamhoriah Teaching Hospital, Al Wahda(Friendship) Teaching Hospital and the Polyclinics were 81.4%, 72.5%, 87.1% and 68.5%; respectively. 278 (46.5%) were males and 320(53.5%) were females. Only 20 (33. 3%) very high risk HCWs were found positive for HBsAg (8 males, 12 females). Of the 20 positive cases 10 were, laboratory staff, 4 casually staff, 2 operating technicians, one surgeon, one obstetrician, one sterilization technician and one anaestheoligist technician. When comparing the percentages of seropositivity between the studied health settings, it was shown not lo be similar but the difference is of no statistical significant (P>0.05). 60 % HBsAg positive were > 5 years in service. A total of 122 low risk HCWs were also screened for HBsAg, and only 2 (1.6°/o) were found to he HBsAg positive. Both of them worked 5 years in their posts. The difference between the percentages of the seropositive cases among high risk HCWs and low risk HCWs is not statistically significant (p> 0.05). The rate of seropositivity of HCWs in this study is found to be less than seropositivity in the general population and local blood donors in Yemen.

Key words: Hepatitis BS Antigen, health workers, Aden.

Abst.: Med. 16E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 243- 248

Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis (Case Report) Mohammed. S. Tayyeb, Riyadh N. M. Hati, and Ali M. Al-Nawi Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aden. Abstract

Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis(PCI) was first described in 1738 by Duvernoy and later by Bang in 1876. In 1952 Kas reported 213 collected cases from the literature. In 85% of the cases the cysts are secondary to other lesions in the gastro-intestinal tract, and about 15% of the cases are primary- of unknown origin. In about 50% of PCI the patients have concomitant stenosing peptic ulcer. The symptoms are non-specific and in the secondary type are those of the associated disease, whereas in the primary type they resemble those of irritable bowel syndrome. Both types may be associated with partial intestinal obstruction. Diagnosis is made by plain X-ray of the abdomen or on laparotomy. PC1 does not call for treatment unless complications develop, otherwise treatment of the primary cause will lead to disappearance of the cysts. Resolution of the cysts can be accomplished by patient breathing oxygen by mask for several days. We present a case of PCI in a 34 years old male patient with severe pyloric stenosis due to peptic ulcer. Clinically, radiologically, and endoscopically a benign nature of the stenosis was revealed. Intra- operatively, in addition to the pyloric stenosis, the jejunum and part of the ileum were found full of thin-walled air cysts ranging from minute to large sizes (up-to 10 cm. in diameter). A loop of jejunum was kinked by conglomerate of cysts causing obstruction of its lumen. Subtotal gastrectomy by Billroth's II method and resection of the obstructed loop of the jejunum with end-to-end anastomosis was done. Post- operative period was uneventful.

Key Words: Pneumatosis , cystoides , peptic ulcer , pyloric stenosis.

Vol. 6. No. 2

Abst.: Med. 17E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(2) 2002: 419- 431 The surgical treatment of intractable ascites by modified Neumann's and Hassab's operations Ali M. Al-Nawi. Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Aden.

Abstract Intractable ascites is about 10% worldwide of ascites in general. It is a big problem for the physician and the patient. Several operations have been tried to relieve it, but no one is ideal. The aim of this prospective study is to bring in light an effective, cheap, and simple operative method of treatment of ascites and bleeding oesophageal varices adopted by our Department of Surgery in Al-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital in Aden in place of shunting operations. The operation combined two procedures - Hassab's procedure for bleeding oesophageal varices, and ileoentectropia for intractable ascites (modified Neumann technique). This operation is done in patients, with all grades of Child's classification. The study included 7 patients, 6 males and one female aging 23 to 45- mean age 35, with such ascites undergone this type of operation in the period between January, 1998 and December 1999. One male patient died on the third postoperative day from DIC; who was the only patient whom reinfusion of his ascitic fluid was carried out. All other six patients have had uneventful post-operative period. Long-term follow-up scheduled at regular intervals done clinically, endoscopically, and ultrasonographically revealed no recurrence of either ascites or bleeding from the oesophageal varices. No deterioration in liver function was noticed. Consequently, the results were regarded as excellent.

Key words : Intractable ascites , Hassab's procedure , Ileoentectropia.

Abst.: Med. 18E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(2) 2002: 433- 443

Some epidemiological aspects of burn injuries in Al-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital, Aden, Yemen 1995 2000

Ali A. Al -Nawi, Wael Raweh Abdulrab and Nabil Y. Saqran Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Univ. of Aden

Abstract

This is a retrospective study. We analyze epidemiological data of 385 eases of acute burn injuries treated at the Department of Surgery. Al-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital in Aden, during the period from 1995-2000. The data is collected from statistical bum charts of inpatients, and analyzed in order to indicate the distribution of cases according to age, sex, place, cause, depth extent of body surface area (TBSA), case fatality, and hospital stay. The average of annual number of acute burn admission including referral was approximately 64 patients. The mean age was 22.5Y+/-15.5. Common age group distributions were 20-34y 43.6%, with an average male to female ratio 1:1.3(41.7:58.3%). Children 0-4Y, 5-16Y represents 16.2% and 25.6% respectively of all treated burn injuries. The most frequent causes were flame and explosion 86.9%. It seems that negligence may be attributed as a cause of the injury in almost all the burn cases. The extent of burn is varied. The mean burn area was 32.6% +/- 22.1, of total body surface area (TBSA). Common percentage burn area was between 20-49% (52.3%), and most of the burns were of second degree (71.1%.) Most admitted cases were from Aden 62.2%. The hospital stay varies between hours to 368 days; the mean day of stay was 21 days+/-34.9. The case fatality rate was 18.8%, of which the majority were females (66.7%), and the mean age was 25.4yrs +/-15.5. Children (5- 16Y) represents 25%, and adults 10-34Y, 52.8%. The mean TBSA was 65.6% +/-21.9. Flame and explosion caused 97.8%, and most of victims were from Aden 51%. Our study gives some epidemiological data on burn injuries in Aden outlining specific problem.

Keywords: Burns injuries, statistics, Aden, Yemen.

Abst.: Med. 19E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(2) 2002: 445- 457

Case study in human genetics: Investigation of a family with five autosomal dominant and three multifactorial genetic disorders appearing in 15 different phenotypes Mahmud Mohammed Mohssin Physiological Sciences Department, Faculty of Medicine, Aden University

Abstract Family history and pedigree analysis methods were used in the determination of the patterns of inheritance in which eight different types of genetic disorders are inherited in a Yemeni family. The results obtained revealed a positive family history, since 59.42% of the proband's relatives have been affected with the five autosomal dominant and three multifactorial genetic disorders. These disorders appeared among the proband's family with 15 different phenotypic expressions with the following phenotypic frequencies: - The multifactorial disorder: "non insulin dependent maturity onset" diabetes mellitus (NIDD) 7.25%, allergies 8.69%. The autosomal dominant single gene disorder: renal calculi 10.14%, hypertension 8,69%, "the maturity onset of the young people" type of diabetes (MODY) 7.25%, dentinogenesis imperfecta and adult polycystic kidney disease each with 1.44%. The various phenotypes that have been resulted, from the genetic combinations of the two classes of the genetic disorders, appeared with the following phenotypic frequencies: NIDD/hypcrtension 2.89%, MODY/hypertension 2.89%, NIDD/renal calculi, dentinogenesi imperfecta/renal calculi, hypertension/renal calculi, allergy/APKD and allergy/dentinogenesis imperfecta of which each appeared with 1.44%. The combination of NIDD/renal calculi/allergy also appeared with 1.44%. Normal phenotype appeared in 40.57%. Thorough knowledge of the pattern of inheritance of the genetic disorders is essential in the genetic counseling in the recurrence risk calculation.

keywords: autosomal dominant, double heterozygote, family history, genetic disorder, multifactorial, pedigree.

Abst.: Med. 20E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(2) 2002: 459- 464

New concept in transvesical adenomectomy

A.A.Karama and A.G.Hizam Faculty of medicine &medical science-University of Aden

Abstract

298 Patients underwent transvesical adenomectomy during the last eight years (Jan.1992 - Dec. 1999) in AI-Gamhooria Teaching Hospital and later in our private clinic Alkarama Specialized Clinic using a combined technique of (Fuller - Freyer -Harris) with adding a cocktail of drugs. All patients were operated under spinal intradural anesthesia. The result was remarkable in minimizing hospitalizing days, the amount of irrigated fluid and tendency for bleeding intra and post operatively was reduced to a great extent-

Keywords: BPH, open surgery, elderly patients

Vol. 6. No. 3

Abst.: Med. 21E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(3) 2002: 631- 641

Periphral lymphadenopathy histopathological study of 329 cases

Hussun Saeed Jezan Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Aden.

Abstract A retrospective study was done on 329 patients with peripheral lymphadenopathy in the periods 1985-1988 (n-263) and 1996-1999 (n- 66). The aim of this study is to find out the most frequent cause of peripheral lymphadenopathy and if there is any difference in the percentage of cases of lymphadenopathy during 8 year interval (from 1988 to 1996). The percentage (56.3%) of males (148) in the period from I985-1988 is more than the percentage (43.7%) of females (115), as well as those affected in 1996-1999 (42.4%). Whereas in years 1996-1999 more females 38 (57-6%) are affected than males 28 (42,4%), respectively as well as in 1985-1988. The cervical lymph nodes recorded the highest percentage of disease involvement in both periods, 1985-1988 and 1996-1999 (44.5% and 71.2%). The least affected in the period 1985-1988 which are submental, (3.8%), while the least affected in 1996-1999 are supraclavical (1.5%) of all cases. The inflammatory cause of lymphadenopathy has the highest incidence (53.7%) than neoplasia both primary and secondary 22%. During 1985- 1988, the most frequent inflammatory cause of lymphadenopalhy is tuberculosis, followed by the chronic lymphadenitis. Whereas the most frequently affected age group is the younger patients and the least effected is the elderly. This prevalence did not change 8 years later. Even though in the recent years metastasis is the most frequent cause of neoplastic cause of enlarged lymph node than lymphoma.

Key words; Lymphadenopathy , tuberculosis , metastasis , lymphoma.

Abst.: Med. 22E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(3) 2002: 643- 649

The prescription of lindapamide given in cojunction with Captopril for the treatment of severe hypertension

Hassan karama Bin Talib Faculty of medicine - University of Aden

Abstract The efficacy of captopril alone or in combination with indapamide (Natrilix) was evaluated in 100 patients with severe hypertension (diastolic > 120 mmHg) previously treated with triple antihypertensive therapy, i.e. diuretic, beta blocker and a vasodilator. After a wash-out period of one week, coptopril was given initially as 75mg/day (as divided doses) for two weeks. At the end of this period, the dosage was doubled to 150 mg / day (as divided doses) and continued at this level for a further two weeks. Indapamide (2.5 mg / day) was then added to the regimen and administrated for one month. The results showed that captoprit alone was lowered, bill did not normalize the blood pressure. The mean diastolic pressure was reduced to 117 and 103.8 mmHg after dosages of captopril of 75 mg and 150 mg, respectively. On the addition of indapamide, the blood pressure was normalized to 93.82 mmHg mean diastolic pressure. Systolic readings were similarly reduced.

Keywords: Captopril, indapamide, Antihypertensive agents, Hypertension, drug combination.

Abst.: Med. 23E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(3) 2002: 651- 664

The pattern of common cardiovascular diseases in Aden city, 1999 Amin Ahmed Bawazir

Social Medicine and Public Health Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - University of Aden

Abstract Nowadays, the Cardiovascular Diseases (CVDs) are considered as one of the main and significantly important health problem in the world. All together, CVDs are responsible for the highest rate of adult mortality and morbidity than other disease since they kill over 15 milion people, thus account for about 30% of the global total mortality. In Yemen, it was observed that about one third of the attended cases to the main hospitals in different cities of Yemeni where those suffering one of CVDs. This hospital-based study aimed to describe the pattern of cardiovascular diseases among the admitted cases to the main hospitals of Aden city (Al-Gamhoria Teaching Hospital and Aden General Hospital) during the period from January to December 1999 in regard to age, sex and residency. The main results obtained in the presented study, have revealed that the majority of the admitted CVD patients were male with relative frequency of (68.5%). While the females appeared with (31.5%). (34.7%) of the male patients were particularly suffering from Ischemic Heart Disease and (31.5%) of females patients from Arterial Hypertension. In regard to age-group, it has been seen that an observable grading increase of CVD patients reaching its peak specifically at the age groups between 50 and 69 years. It was also seen that one third of the total admitted cases to the medical ward lave been suffering from CVD regardless to sex differences. From this study the following conclusions were:-that- despite of the clearly recognized premature adult deaths and the lower of actually affected age group with such CVD among our population than that of the industrialized countries, the pattern of CVDs in Yemen doesn't deviate from the common pattern of the neighbouring regions. The need for further and deep investigation focusing on the risk factors that have more particularities in our population rather than others; and the importance of letting up and implementation of adequate programme of prevention, early detection and control of CVDs with the aim of saving the life of our Yemeni population.

Key words: Pattern , Cardiovascular , Yemen.

Vol. 7. No. 1

Abst.: Med. 24E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 173- 179

Skin testing in Tuberculosis: PFD or BCG test

Khalida Anwer Yousef Mariam Taher and Asia Mulhi Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences - University of Aden Tel 243085 (Home) , 252832 (Clinic) P.O Box 746 Email: Samad-Wael@hotmail,,com

Abstract Tuberculosis is an important health and economic problem in Yemen. Diagnosis in children is usually based on clinical symptoms, contact history, a positive tuberculin test and chest X-ray findings. In recent years published studies on BCG test reported that the test is more sensitive and specific than tuberculin test in diagnosis of Tuberculosis. The objective of this study is to determine the diagnostic value of BCG test in childhood tuberculosis and compare it with tuberculin test. 91 patients suspected of having tuberculosis, and referred to three private clinics were tested with purified protein derivative(PPD), 52 of the negative PPD were tested for BCG . The study shows that PPD(Mantoux)was positive in 18(19-8%) and BCG test was positive in 46(88.8%). Among children with malnutrition 89.3% had positive BCG test and only 20.8% had positive PPD test. The difference in percentages between the two studied groups were statistically significant. (p value<0.05). Positive BCG test reaction has a significant association with positive family history of contact and chest X-ray findings. We conclude that BCG test is more effective, reliable and rapid test in TB diagnosis in children. Meanwhile, it is a protective vaccine against tuberculosis and is suggested to be introduced as a diagnostic test in the National Program of Tuberculosis in Yemen.

Key words : TB children , PPD test , BCG test.

Abst.: Med. 25E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 181- 187

Cerebral Malaria: Paraclinical study of infant and children in Al- Wahda Teaching Hospital. Jan-Dec, 1998 Anisa Abood and Mohamed Salem Ba- Azab Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - University of Aden

Abstract The objective of this work was to study the paraclinical features of infant and children with cerebral malaria (CM) admitted to AI- Wahda Teaching Hospital, Aden, during January-December, 1998. There were 80 patients with CM during the period of study. They represent 11.9% in relation to the total of 672 malaria patients. All the patients with CM had infection with Plasmodium falciparum. Results of cerebrospinal fluid, examined for all patients revealed no abnormalities concerning cells, protein, sugar, and Gram-stain. Anemia was found in 83.8% of the children with CM. There was no association between the pattern of convulsion (Type and Frequency) and Hemoglobin level. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 41.3% of the total number of the patients. There was no association between the platelet count and the Fundoscopy result. Hypoglycemia was found in 22.5% of the patients with CM. We have the conclusion that anemia was a very common finding in our study in that thrombocytopenia has been observed in a large number of the studied patients, and hypoglycemia may occur as a presenting sign, or manifest later on during the course of the disease or as a result of quinine infusion.

Keywords: Malaria , cerebral , Quinine.

Abst.: Med. 26E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(1) 2003: 189- 193

Indapamide - a well tolerated and effective Anti- Hpertensive drug in general practice

Hassan Karama Bin Talib, Hussein Ahmed Bakathir and Ali Karama Bin Talib Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences - University of Aden

Abstract The results of the treatment of 300 patients with mild to moderated hypertension using indapamide monotherapy and of 200 patients receiving combined anti-hypertensive therapy containing indapamide are reported on. The blood pressure was lowered and stabilized during the first month of therapy. No addiction or loss in efficacy was seen. There were no changes in ECG or laboratory results

during the follow up time of 30 months. The single daily dose (2.5 mg. Per tablet), the reliable affectivity and the safety of the drug make it an important antihypertensive drug in general practice.

Key words: Indapamide, anti-hypertensive agents. diuretics, vasodilators, Beta blockers, hypertension .

Vol. 7. No. 2

Abst.: Med. 27E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 323- 330 Neonatal admissions and outcome in Aden General Hospital: Three Years Experience (1996 - 1998)

Khalida Anwer Yousef Paediatric Department Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Aden University, Yemen. Tel: 243085 (H), 252832 (Clinic), e. mail [email protected]

Abstract The Establishment of a special-care nursery in a maternity hospital is a very efficient measure for decreasing neonatal mortality. The main aim of this study is to report the three-year experience of a small special-care nursery unit established in 1996 in Aden General Hospital, a district central referral hospital. The records of all admitted neonates, over three years period, were studied. The results of this retrospective descriptive study showed that there were 1046 admissions 614 were males (58.7%)and 432 were females(4l.3%), the majority were delivered by spontaneous vaginal delivery(68.4%).The Full-terms and preterms were 70.3% and 23.3% respectively. The leading causes of admissions were prematurity (23.3%), birth asphyxia (18.1%) and sepsis (17%). There were 3 cases of neonatal tetanus, all survived, 9 babies had kernicterus and 44 had congenital malformation. Total deaths were 208 (19.9%). The leading causes of deaths were prematurity birth asphyxia and sepsis, with the highest case-fatality in premature babies (51.6%). 84.6 % of deaths occurred in the early neonatal period with 75.7% of deaths in low birth weight (LBW) <2.5kg babies. There was only slight reduction in deaths from 20.2 % in 1996 to 19% in 1998 but was not statistically significant (p=0.3527).The high percentage of case fatality in prematurity, birth asphyxia and kernicterus may indicate deficiencies in antenatal, intrapartum and neonatal management. The main priority should be given to strengthening the obstetric care in the community, as well as provision of intensive neonatal care units with qualified medical & nursing staff in maternity hospitals

Keywords: Neonates , admissions , mortality , Aden General Hospital (96-98).

Abst.: Med. 28E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 331- 338

The current status of pesticide use and application in Yemen - some of its health adverse exposition as obtained from main hospitals in Aden

Mahmud Mohammed Mohsin and Najat Mugahed A.Kader Department Of Physiological Sciences, University of Aden

Abstract

Pesticides are among the modern means used for protecting, improving and increasing agricultural products. Farmers use both natural and synthetic pesticides to control weeds, insects and disease. However, some synthetic pesticides have potential hazardous effect in humans, animals, plants, microorganisms and the environment. The aim of this study is first, to know the main types of pesticides currently used in Yemen and the regulatory system that control their use and application, and second to gather information about some of their exposure (the poisoning , cancerous and non cancerous effects) from the medical institutions in Aden. The subjects and methods used in gathering information on the subject were: A survey consisting of interviews with agricultural experts, a questionnaire targeting the farmer who use and apply the pesticides, and discussion with medical experts and systemic review of relevant scientific investigation. The result obtained revealed that the pesticides currently used in Yemen predominantly belong to organophosphorous compound, and are distributed, sold and and applied without any visible regulatory systems, resulting in its inappropriate improper use. Also, the study revealed a link between inappropriate use of pesticide and adverse health in human that are evidenced by the accidental poisoning in Aden General Hospitals, corresponding to symptoms of organophosphorous compound. The obtained cancerous cases, closely correspond to that found in the highly industrialized westem countries. Bearing in mind that all cancers have genetic factors, however, there exist some cancer that are induced by carcinogenic agents found in the environment. Thus, the cancer cases found in Aden partly reflect the use of tobacco, the immense quantity of chemicals introduced into agriculture and other food supply (Food additive), the increasing automotive air pollution and perhaps physical mutagenic agent in the environment. The non-cancerous cases obtained in this study were multifactorial genetic birth defects affecting single organ and birth defects and presenting multiorgan defects. The last cases are caused by the environmental agent like pesticide among others. Depending on the results of the study, the main conclusion that can be drawn is that indicating the existence of certain chemical and environmental pollution in this region of Yemen and inappropriate use of pesticides that can endanger the health of the people and the quality of the environment.

Keywords: Organophosphorous pesticides, mutagenesis, carcinogenesis , teratogenesis,

Abst.: Med. 29E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 339- 345

An observational study of two steroid regimens used in treatment of Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome in Aden

Khaled M. Al-Giffri* and Sawsan O. Fadaq** * Paediatric Dept.,Faculty of medicine , Aden University. ** Aden General Hospital

Abstract The main objective of this study is to compare two different steroid regimens used in treatment of Nephrotic Syndrome (NS) in children admitted in two hospitals in Aden. It is a descriptive and prospective study that includes 29 children with nephrotic syndrome, admitted consecutively to Aden General Hospital(A) and Al-Wahda General Teaching Hospital(W) during the year 1998. Only were followed-up 24 out of the 29 patients (around 83% of the total ).The two therapeutic regimens (R-I and R-II) used oral prednisolone (PDN) in two different dosage schedules . The difference in response rate was statistically non-significant (p=1.00). Likewise, were statistically non-significant the differences in onset of remission with each of the two regimens (p=0.42), the differences in response by sex (p=0.64), the differences in response by age-groups (p=0.64) and the differences in response by type of attack (p=0.097). On the other hand, the follow-up demonstrated a high relapse rate (86%) among R-I group compared with 29% in R-II group, the difference being statistically significant (p=0.023). This study shows that NS among the studied patients was probably of the primary type, that both steroid regimens of treatment were highly effective in treating children with primary NS (PNS) and that R-II schedule was superior than R-I especially with regard to the occurrence of relapses and, to a lesser degree, in the response by type of attack.

Keywords: Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome ; steroid treatment ; Aden.

Abst.: Med. 30E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 347- 356

Congenital indifference to pain: A review article and a clinical case

AbduL nasser Ahmed Ali Orthopaedic Surgery, Aden University College of Medicine. P.O. Box 14005, AImansoora-Aden, Yemen. Tel .No.) 967-2- 232259 (Fax No. +967-2-341391)

Abstract In this paper we are discussing a very rare congenital disease - congenital indifference to pain -examining a family with three children suffering from this disease discussing the main clinical manifestations, the pathophysioiogy of the disease and other conditions that may be associated with absence of pain sensation either congenital or acquired and the management of this rare congenital disorder.

Key words: Congenital indifference to pain.

Abst.: Med. 31E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 397- 399

A 24-year old missed Intra-Uterine Contraceptive Device in the peritoneal cavity of a woman

Riyadh N.M.Hati, Abdulla Baodha and Ali Karama Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aden, Republic of Yemen.

Abstract Intra-uterine contraceptive devices (IUCD) are widely used for contraception, which is practiced by more than 200 millions of women in the world. Among other complications penetration of these devices into the peritoneal cavity is the more serious one (0.02 to 0.3%). In this patient Lippe's plastic loop was inserted 24 years ago, but 3 months after that procedure she conceived with normal lasting pregnancy and delivery. The device was thought at that time to be expelled without confirmation after delivery radiologically. Along a period of 24 years, inspite of several visits to different out-patient clinics for recurrent colicky abdominal pain, no radiological abdominal investigation was performed. After more than 24 years a scout abdominal x-ray film revealed a surprise - Lippe's plastic loop in the left hypochondrium which was mobile with position changing. At laparotomy the plastic loop was found wrapped in the greater omentum without intra- abdominal adhesions.

Key words: Contraceptive device, pregnancy , complication.

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Med. 32E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 565- 573

Cholelithiasis in patients treated in AI-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital: A Retrospective Study

Ali Karama Bin Talib Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences- University of Aden

Abstract A retrospective study of 105 patients having biliary disease in Al- Gomhouria Teaching Hospital. These patients were admitted to the hospital between 1995 - 2000. The female to male ratio is 3:1. The age distribution is similar in acute and chronic cholecystitis.

Themidline and paramedian incision for cholecystectomy gives the highest acceptability rate from the patient, and right sub-costal comes next if there is any difficulty or complications. Ultrasonography was the best method in investigation of biliary system.

Keywords: Cholecystectomy, common bile duct (CBD), gall-stone, biliary disease, Ultrasonography , laparoscopy.

Abst.: Med. 33E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 575- 580 Analysis of goiters in patients treated in AI-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital Abdulla Mohammed Baodha Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aden, Republic of Yemen.

Abstract The objective of the study is to analyze different aspects of simple goiter and toxic goiter in patients admitted to the Surgical Department of AI-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital during the 5-year- period from January 1995 to December 1999. The medical records of all patients who were admitted during the mentioned period were studied retrospectively. Over these 5 years 110 patients, of different age ( ranging from 14 years to 70 years ) and different sex (male to female ratio 1 : 8), of whose 90 were nodular goiter 90 patients and 20 with toxic goiter, were operated. Incidences of post-operative complications were noted. Importance of proper medical documentation and administrative reorganization of the surgical activity is emphasized.

Key words: Thyroid gland , simple goiter, toxic goiter.

Abst.: Med. 34E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 581- 586 Prevalence of Hepatites B Virus in Hemodialysis patients: A study of risk factors

Salem A. Ben Silm Al-Gamhourea Teaching Hospital, Aden

Abstract

In order to determine HBV among hemodialysis patients in a dialysis unit at Al-Gamhouria Teaching Hospital in Aden and to evaluate the risk factors in transmission of HBV among hemodialysis patients, retrospective study was carried on 130 cases of hemodialysis patients who attended a dialysis unit in Al-Gamhouria Hospital during the period from Jan 1997 to Nov 1999. Medical records of all patients were studied. For each one the following data were collected; Age, sex, HBV, blood transfusions and time on dialysis. Statistical analysis of the prevalence of HBV was done by the chi-square test. The positivity of HBV was found in 53% and was correlated with age, number of blood transfusions as well as time on dialysis. In conclusion, our study confirms the high prevalence of HBV in hemodialysis patients and suggests that HBV infection is a very important risk in dialysis units.

Keywords: Hepatitis B virus, hemodialysis, risk factors.

Vol. 8. No. 1

Abst.: Med. 35E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 123- 128

Pattern of thyroid carcinoma in patients of Algamhouria Teaching Hospital Abdulla Baodha and Riyadh N. M. Hati Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aden

Abstract

The objective of the study is to reveal the incidence of thyroid cancer and it s pattern in patients admitted to the Surgical Department of Al- Gamhouria Teaching Hospital in Aden. The data collected in retrospective manner from medical records of such patients and referral reports from abroad treatment registry of the Ministry of Puplic Health - Aden Branch, located in Al-Gamhouria Teaching hospital, during the 4 year period between 1996 1999. The results showed that female to male ratio in thyroid cancer was 6,4 : 1, which distinctly differs from other reports, papillary carcinoma was most frequent (57.7%), and the age group most affected was 30-39 years old. The organization and establishment of Oncology service acutely indicated. Key words: Cancer, thyroid gland, patterns of carcinoma.

Abst.: Med. 36E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1)2004: 129 136

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis: Clinico-epidemiological study. Aden outbreak 1996

Saleh Ba- Saleh, Amin Ba- Wazir and Kamal Abdo Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Aden

Abstract

Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) was first seen in Ghana 1969 during the Apollo space mission time. Later, the cause detected as the Enterovirus type A 70. In Aden city, there was different outbreaks of AHC has been occurred at different intervals in the past years. This is a clinico- epidemiological study, which try to describe the prevalence of the disease, mode of transmission, clinical picture, associated infection, and the factors associated with its epidemic occurrences. A hospital-based survey was conducted for the patients arriving to different eye clinics during the peak of the outbreak of the disease in September- October- 1996 in Aden city. Interview questionnaire was used to collect the data related to studied variables. Ophthalmologic examination was performed in details for every patient, and eye swab for culture was ordered for patients with mucopurulent discharge. Total patients were 418. Males were more affected than females (58.4 % and 41.6 % respectively). More than two third (67.9%) were in the age groups between 21-40 years. By the level of education, the intermediate school group was about 51.2%. In relation to occupation employees were more affected represent 45.9%, followed by students 24.4%. The transmission mode was direct hand to eye contact more common in work places. The disease shows a highly contagious and very short incubation period as most of the patients start their symptoms in the first day after the suspected contact. From 52 patients for whom eye swab were performed, 32 returned back the culture`s results. Sterile results were in 53.1%, where 46.9% had pathogens especially Staphylococcus aureus (31.3%). This preliminary study gave a general view about the AHC in Aden city in the year 1996; and clarified some of its clinico- epidemiological characteristics. However deep studies on the nature of the disease, its serological and virological diagnosis and plan of action in its prevention are necessary in the future. While no specific treatment is present, preventable measures such as stopping Kajal (Al- Kohl), more attention to personal hygiene, control of flies, decrease overcrowding, prevent the attendance of affected children to schools, stop handkerchief and forebear women cheek kiss at the beginning of the disease will reduce transmission of the disease.

Key words: Acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis, outbreak, clinico- epidemiological, study, Aden.

Abst.: Med. 37E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 137- 142

Infantile hemangioma: Kassabach Merritt Syndrome

Asia Mulhi and Khalida Anwer Yousef Pediatric Department. Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences. Aden University E. Mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Kassabach Merritt Syndrome, infantile hemangioma, is a rare fatal dermatological problem because it is associated with severe thrombocytopenia. The authors reporting this rare infantile hemangioma in a 10 days old baby, full term, delivered by normal vaginal delivery at home. He was admitted in Al Wahda Teaching Hospital, in the Neonatal Unit. He was presented with huge left cervico-facial hemangioma associated with umbilical and post circumcision bleeding. His vital signs were stable and his heart, lungs, and abdomen were normal. Peripheral blood investigation showed severe thrombocytopenia, 14,000/cumm. He had urgent blood transfusion, broad spectrum systemic antibiotics, and high dose systemic steroids. His condition became stabilized apart from one bout of bleeding in intephalangeal and knee joints in the following week of admission for which he had frequent blood transfusions. After 7 weeks of admission, when there was no more bleeding, his sucking was well, and his platelets were130,000/cumm, he was allowed to leave for upcountry, his family residence, and tapered steroids was continued. Follow up was difficult and unfortunately at 3 months of age his family reported that the baby died after food chocking.

Keywords: Infantile hemangioma, Kassabach Merritt syndrome, thrombocytopenia, Al Wahda Teaching Hospital. Abst.: Med. 38E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 143- 150

Measles among children admitted at Al-Wehda Teaching Hospital Aden.-January-December 1999

Abdullatif Mohamed Ali Al-qubati Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences

Abstract This work was conducted at AI-Wehda Teaching Hospital during the period Jan-Dec/99 to reflect the magnitude of measles and its impact on admitted children. Over the period of study, 271 children with measles and measles complications were admitted at Al-Wehda Teaching Hospital, representing 8.3% of the total admitted children. Males were affected more than females (53.9%Vs 46.1%) and the majority (70%) were under 5 years of age. Most of the patients (77.9%) were from Aden governorate, and the rate of admission was higher during the spring months (55%). 20.3% of the patients were vaccinated against measles and history of contact were referred in 81.6% of patients. Fever (97.8%),cough (95.2%), rash (91.1%), respiratory distress (81.6%) and conjunctivitis (68.6%) were the most common features, and pneumonia (74.2%), acute gastroenteritis (51.7%), and malnutrition (49.1%) were the most frequent complications. The case fatality rate was 1.9%, pneumonia and encephalitis were the incriminated causes of death.

It could be concluded from this study that measles is still a common childhood infection affecting more frequently young children and resulting in multiple complications which may threaten the life of the patients. Therefore, great effort to promote measles immunization and to revaccinate children at 4-6years of age are recommended.

Key words: Measles , children , pneumonia , inadequate vaccination.

Abst.: Med. 39E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 143- 150

Study the activity of Lactate Dehydrogenase, AIkaIine Phosphatase and Cerulo plasm in enzymes in a group of adolescent with Schistosomiasis

Saleh Abdullah Al-Attas Physiological Sciences Department, Unit of Biochemistry, University of Aden E-mail: DR. [email protected]

Abstract Several factors may affect the nutritional state of the organism, including eating habits or religious costumes. In addition, pathological factors may directly affect the nutritional state. Parasitism, particularly Schistosomiasis, causes the majority of the infections and spread in tropical zones. The infection of parasitism impaired the metabolism of mineral elements. Many activities of enzymes depend on bioavailability of metals. Lactate dehydrogenase (LD), Alkaline phosphatase (AP) and Ceruloplasmin are examples which depend on the zinc and copper in their activities. The objective of this study is to determine the activities of the enzymes- LD, AP, and ceruloplasmin - in a group of adolescents with Schistosomiasis. My hypothesis is that, if the mineral metabolism of Zn and Cu is impaired by Schistosomiasis these related enzymes should be also impaired. The enzymes' activities were determined before and after treatment. The results showed that there were elevations in the activities of LD and AP after treatment of the patients infected by Schistosomiasis compared to the control group with a significant difference in some groups.

Keywords: Schistosomiasis , metal loenzymes , Alkaline Phosphatase. Lactate dehydrogenase, Ceruloplasmin

Vol. 8. No. 2

Abst.: Med. 40E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004: 363- 371

Malaria severity and outcome among children admitted At AI-Wehda Teaching Hospital; Jan-Dec/1999 Abdul latif Mohamed Ali Al'Qubati Pediatric Department-Faculty of Medicine & H. Sciences- Aden

Abstract

This prospective study was initiated during malaria outbreak, aiming to reflect the extent and severity of the disease among admitted children. During the period Jan-Dec /1999, 498 children with malaria were admitted at Al-Wehda Teaching Hospital, of whom 24 died, representing 15.2% and 15.6% of the total admission and death respectively, and a case fatality rate "CFR" of 4.8%. 229 patients were from Aden and 269(54%) were referred from other governorates . Males were affected more than females (62.9% Vs 37.1%) and the majority were < 5years old (62.2%). The main presenting symptoms were: fever (99.4%), vomiting (80.7%), chills (55.6%) and sweating (51.6%). Pallor (82.7%), hepatomegaly (69.3%) and splenomegaly (55.6%) were the most common physical findings. Anemia (83.1%) was the commonest complication and cerebral malaria was seen in (15.1 %) of patients. Plasmodium falciparum was the most identified malaria species seen in 96.2% of patients. We concluded that malaria is still a major cause of admission and death in children, being more common and serious among those under 5 years of age. It is commonly caused by Plasmodium falciparum , which is potentially dangerous. Therefore, great efforts for control and and prevention alon with early diagnosis and proper management are highly recommended.

Key words: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, malaria outbreak, Quinine.

Abst.: Med. 41E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004: 373- 377

Hepatitis - B virus infection among Yemeni patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Salem A Ben Silm Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Aden University Abstract A total of 33 Yemeni patients with hepatoma were surveyed with a view to determine the presence of viral hepatitis B markers (HBsAg and HBcAb) using commercial enzyme immunoassay technique. Most of patients were males over 40 years old, and the majority were from rural areas. 72.7% of our lot was found to have markers of hepatitis B virus infection, which is a significantly high rate than the rate of 10% observed in 111a symptomatic volunteers, exhibited a high level of contamination with hepatitis B virus and indicate the impact of hepatitis B virus in evolution of hepatocellular carcinoma in Yemen.

Key words: hepatitis B virus, HBV serological markers, hepatocellular carcinoma, Yemen.

Abst.: Med. 42E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(2) 2004: 379- 383

Contribution of Fibreoptic Endoscopy in the diagnosis of Oesogastro- Duodenal Lesions

A. Rahman A. Abdulla, Ali Thabet Ahmed and Yassin A. Kader Yassin Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Aden,

Abstract The study is aimed to demonstrate the attribution of oesogastroduodenal endoscopy in assessing the oesogastroduodenal lesions or complications, in staging of these lesions, and in detecting of structural abnormalities. 257 patients were examined clinically in a medical private clinic, then exposed to oesogastroduodenal endoscopic examination for confirmation of diagnosis in a period of two years ( 1996- 1998 ). 142 patients (55%) were males and 115 patients (45%) were females. The ages ranged between 23-76 years, with a mean age of 45.1years. 140 patients (54.5%) were from upcountry and 117 patients were from Aden. In this study, gastritis had occupied the great percentage; 25% (64 patients), dominant in males (39 patients), followed by duodenitis with 17.1% (44 patients) where the female patients had dominated (29 patients) Oesophagitis 14% of cases. The other oesogastroduodenal lesions reported to all cases were: duodenal ulcer 10.1%, GORD 5.8%, hiatus hernia 5.8%, gastric ulcer 5.4%, oesophageal varices 5.0%, oesophageal cancer 3.1%, gastric cancer 2.7%, and normal endoscopic examination was found in 5.9% of cases. The study had concluded that

the increased frequency of those coming from upcountry may be related to poor compliance to treatment and following inadequate diet. It also concluded that discordance of our results in some oesogastroduodenal lesions with other results reported,can be attributed to the relatively small number of cases included in our study.

Key words: endoscopy, oesophaghitis , peptic ulcer , duodenitis.

Vol. 8. No. 3

Abst.: Med. 43A University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 469- 475

The relationship between obesity and hypertension among adult males in Jordan

Reyad Mahmood Al-saraireh Royal Medical Services , Amman- Jordan Abstract

Obesity is a widespread metabolic abnormality increasing dramatically in Jordan since three decades. Obesity has long been recognized as an associated factor with a variety of adverse consequences, which are diabetes, dyslipidemia and high blood pressure. Due to scarcity of data in Jordan regarding the relationship between obesity and related diseases, this study was conducted to gauge the relationship between obesity and hypertension. The study was conducted on a randomly selected sample of 400 adult males with special characteristics in Al-sareeh town (north of Jordan). Information was collected using a questionnaire that covered cultural demographic, and socio-economic characteristics of the adult males. Data were statistically analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS). The results indicate that there is a significant association between obesity and hypertension.

Key words: Obesity, body mass index, blood pressure, systolic BP, diastolic BP.

Abst.: Med. 44E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 565- 569

Effect of blood storage on erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by using EDTA and citrate anticoagulants

Gamal Abdul Hamid Diagnostic Department, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Aden University.

Abstract

The erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) determination is a commonly performed laboratory test with a time- honored role. The test measures the distance that erythrocytes have fallen after one hour in a vertical column of anticoagulated blood under the influence of gravity. Venous blood samples were obtained from 50 health volunteers, 28 of them (56%) were males and 22 (44%) were females. The test done by using EDTA and Trisodium citrate within two hours after vein puncture and after storage at 4oC for repeated ESR determination after 24 hours in each case by using the Westergren method. The mean value for ESR of the 50 healthy volunteers was 13.3mm/hr directly within 2 hours of vein puncture and 14.5 mm/hr after 24 hours of storage at 4oC .The mean ESR value for males was 12.8mm/hr and for females was 17.6mm/hr. Storage of blood at 4oC for up to 24hours results in little change in the ESR when the Westergren method is used.

Key words: Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ESR, EDTA, trisodium citrate.

Abst.: Med. 45E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 571- 575

Hepatitis B virus infection in hemodialysis patients

Yassin A. Kader Yassin

Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Aden Abstract

Hepatitis B has proved to be a major health hazard in hemodialysis patients. In order to investigate the hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection profile in the hemodialysis population of Aden Dialysis Centre, all dialysis patients (148) during the period from June 1998 to September 1999 were studied. Among dialysis patients, 41(27.7) were HBsAg positive. The finding of a high prevalence in this population and the increased risk for HBV infection on long-term hemodialysis suggest the environmental transmission, emphasizing the urgent need to evaluate strategies of control and prevention through these units.

Keywords: Hepatitis; hemodialysis, HBsAg.

Abst.: Med. 46E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 577- 583

Osteomyelitis: A preliminary report Ahmed Abdo Orthopedic Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Aden

Abstract

Established chronic osteomyelitis is a difficult problem to manage and it may remain a trial for both patient and doctor for life. Antibiotic does not have same dramatic effect as in acute osteomyelitis. Surgically, it is also rare if it is ever possible to eradicate all the cavities and sequestrates. In this preliminary study, 50 files for these patients were reviewed. The patients were admitted in Al-gamhuria Teaching Hospital/Aden in the period 1994-1998. Males to females constituted 56% to 44% respectively. Age ranged between 8 months and 70 years ; 52% under 15 years old at the time of admission. The chronic forms were the commonest. The higher percentage of chronic forms displays that the core of the problem is not well understood (its early and proper diagnosis and treatment). Joint complications constituted 20.37 % of the total complications. The long bones of the lower limbs (femur and tibia) were the most commonly affected 81.4%. Out of 50 cases associated susceptibility (risk) factors were found in 27 cases. 12 had a history of contusion; 8 cases following surgical treatment of fracture; 6 cases were associated with anemia and /or diabetes, and with open fracture in one case. Brief but concentrated literature review is included

in the discussion regarding the current developments to improve the diagnostic and assessment methods in this disease.

Key words: Osteomyelitis, early diagnosis and treatment, complications, susceptibility factors.

Abst.: Med. 47E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 585- 591

The Prevalence of peripheral neuropathy in diabetic patients

A . Rahman A . Abdulla Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences

Abstract

Peripheral neuropathy (PN) is common in diabetic patients. In literature, it has been estimated widely in that between 20 to 40 % of people with diabetes develop neuropathy. The prevalence varies largely because of the discrepancies in diagnostic criteria. In this study, 4212 diabetic patients were included ; 2645 ( 62 .8 % ) were females, and 1567 (37.2 % ) were males. The ages ranged between 16 75 years . Those with type 1 (IDDM) were 294 ( 7% ), while those with type 2 (NIDDM) were 3918 (93%). Patients with peripheral neuropathy were 923 ( 21.9% ) ; 602 (14.3% ) were females, and 321 (7.6%) were males. The study concluded that the number of patients with peripheral neuropathy is significantly increased in diabetic than non diabetic patients ( P < 0 .01) and that it is significantly increased in type 2 ( NIDDM ) than type 1 (IDDM) ( P< 0 .01). Also, it has concluded that PN is more frequent in female patients (14 .3 % ). In this study, it has also been found that prevalence of PN is increased with age and duration of diabetes , and poor glycemic control .

Key words : Neuropathy , Diabetes , Prevalence .

Abst.: Med. 48E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 593- 596

Use of Ureteroscopic and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy in treating ureteric calculi - 3 years of experience Abdulla A. Karama Urology Dept. Faculty of Medicine & Medical Sciences Aden University

Abstract

The aim of this study is to compare the frequency of use of Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL) and Ureteroscopic lithotripsy versus open surgery in treating ureteric stones and to describe the changes occurred regarding the use of different methods in our clinic during the last three years. Two hundred and fifty five patients were treated for ureteric stones in this study which was conducted during the period from July 2000 to June 2003. Ureteroscopic lithotripsy and ESWL had been introduced for the first time in our clinic as well as in Aden, the economic capital of the Republic of Yemen, by the year 2000 and 2001 respectively. Till June 2000, the options in the treatment of ureteric stones were either conservative or surgical treatments. Records of all patients admitted to our clinic during the period July 2000 and June 2003 with ureteric stones were reviewed. In the second half of the year 2000 open ureterolithotomy ratio to ureteroscopic and extracorporeal lithotripsy was 41.6%, while in 2001 was 18.3%. This percentage decreased to 7.8% in 2002 and to 5.9% in the first half of 2003. While most patients with ureteric calculi can be rendered stone free with ESWL and Ureteroscopic lithotripsy open stone surgery continues to represent a necessary alternative for a small segment of population. However, our results in treating ureteric calculi showed much improvement by using the new methods.

Keywords: ESWL, Ureteroscopic lithotripsy, Ureteric calculi

Abst.: Med. 49E University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(3) 2004: 597- 604

Open surgical pocedures in bilateral staghorn calculi with compromised renal function

S. A. Akares Urology Department, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences Republic of Yemen

Abstract

To evaluate the efficacy of open surgical interventions in the treatment of bilateral renal staghorn stones with compromised renal function, 20 patients of bilateral staghorn calculi were intervened surgically where there is no place for minimum invasive methods, at Sana'a Military Hospital in the period between July 1997 to March 2002 determining firstly which site must be dealt with initially and the criteria that should be taken in consideration in the management of this critical situation. The evaluation of clinical manifestations, the value of excretory urography, renal ultasonography in the diagnosis, the relation of this pathology to urinary schitosomiasis, and finally the demonstration of the results of open surgical procedures. Seventeen patients presented improvement of renal function of the operated kidney during the 3-6 month follow-up postoperatively. One patient died in the third day postoperatively due to pulmonary septic thromboembolism, and only two patients developed deteriorated renal function. Surgical procedures specially anatrophic nephrolithotomy is an effective method in the treatment of bilateral staghorn calculi with compromised renal function to maintain renal function and improving the quality of life when there is no place for the treatment by other minimally invasive methods.

Keyword: Surgical procedures, Staghorn Calculi.

12. METEOROLOGY

Vol. 1. No. 2

Abst.: Met. 01A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1 (2) 1996 : 23 40

Analysis of Rainfall Probabilities in The Arid and Semiarid Lands in Jordan Ali Ahmad Ghanim Department of Geography University of Aden

Abstract This paper is concerned of analyzing the monthly and annual amounts of rainfall for eight stations located in the arid and semiarid lands in Jordan . It aims to show the probabilities of rainfall in these

stations. Data analyses show large variations in both: the average number of rainy days and the probabilities of rainy day occurrence. It is found that any amount of rainfall is correlated positively with its return period and negatively with its probability of occurrence. The large amount of rainfall have large return of period and low probabilities which differ from station to another. The 90 mm of rainfall , for example, has a return period of about 6 years in Jurf Ed- Darawish , 2 years in Qatrana, and a year in Mafraq and Wadi Mousa; with probabilities of 20% , 60% 80% and 90% respectively . It is clear that understanding the nature and probabilities of rainfall are essential in order to manage and develop the arid and semiarid lands.

Vol. 6. No. 1

Abst.: Met. 02A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (1) 2002 : 65 75

Using the standard deviation of October and November rainfall as indicators to the annual rainfall in Jordan

Ali Ahmad Ghanem Geography Department, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences University of Jordan, Jordan - Amman

Abstract Data of monthly rainfall amounts in Autumn (October and November) for 14 stations, for a period of more than 45 years, were analyzed to show their relationships with the normal annual rainfall. Synoptic charts for October and November 1996 were studied to find the impact of the Red Sea cyclones on rainfall amounts in Jordan. Prediction of the annual rainfall (less or more than the normal) during the years when rainfall amounts in Autumn were less than two standard deviations (SD) depending on chance. Rainfall in all stations exceeded the normal when the Autumn rainfall more than two SD. It is found that the annual rainfall exceeded the normal when Autumn rainfall amounts were more than 30mm in jurf El-Darawish, Qatrana, Safawi, and Wadi Mussa; 50mm in Mafraq; 60mm in Amman; and 100mm Salt and Irbid.

Key Words. Rainfall, standard deviation, Autumn, Jordan,

Abst.: Met. 03E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (1) 2002 : 175- 186

Frequency of severest flood-producing storms in Aden Zaki Mohammed Othman Science & technology Centre . University of Aden

Abstract

Severe storms of rainfall strikes the region intermittently; causing hazardous floods. The damage caused by floods in terms of loss life property and economic loss due to disruption of economic activity are all too well known. The hazard in Aden (Crater) particularly manifested by the special location of this region. Aden is inhabited in the crater of a gigantic volcano and surrounded by volcanic mountainous heaps and ocean from all sides. The urban area is bordered from the west by the cliffs and steep sides of the plateau (Upper Crater), with it's incised wadis, watercourses and gorges. Most of the watercourses and wadis pass through the residential districts. During the floods of 1993 the region proved serious hazard affecting human life damaging properly and various establishments and causing incidence of pollution . Frequency analysis of the severest food-producing storms is carried out- in order to determine the probable reoccurrence of hazardous floods, which sometimes sweep the region such as of 1993. Generally, the severity of storm corresponds to the rarity of occurrence. In the design of hydraulic structures the maximum rainfall or the transformed from maximum rainfall peak flow that can be expected will an assigned frequency is of primary importance for adequate design. Moreover, the result of frequency analysis may he used for long-term prognosis. In this paper the Log Pearson Type III distribution technique has been applied for a selected option of rainfall data observed at Aden since 1870 to 1996. An empirical relation between the rainfall magnitude and the time interval of reoccurrence has been devised for adjusted skew coefficient. Also, recommendations have been made for the improvement of data records acquisition, and weather monitoring and forewarning system development.

Keywords: Storms, flood, Aden.

Vol. 6. No. 2

Abst.: Met. 04A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (2) 2002 : 299- 312

Some characteristics of air temperature conditions in Wadi Hadramaut

Saleh Mohamed Baasher College of Education -Zingibar- Aden University

Abstract High air temperature is considered as an important climatic clement, is a typical component of natural environment of Wadi Hadramaul. Therefore, this paper is interested with particular data about air temperature in the area. Daily records of weather conditions, from the Agricultural Research Center in Seiyun for sixteen -year period (I983 - 1998) have been used. The study has presented distributions of basic temperature indices based on mean, maximum and minimum air temperatures. Frequency of occurrence and annual patterns of the above elements of various occurrence probabilities have been presented and thermal periods have also been distinguished.

Key-words: Wadi Hadramaut, air temperature, thermal periods .

Vol. 6. No. 3

Abst.: Met. 05A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6 (3) 2002 : 335- 552

The effect of rainfall variability on the growing of Quercus aegilops, Q. coccifera and Pinus halepensis in Wadi Shuaib Basin, Jordan

Hasan Abou Samour Department of Geography, Faculty of Social and Humanistic Studies University of Jordan

Abstract

Rainfall amount plays an important role in determining the general characteristics trees. The variability of rainfall has produced three groups of forests in Wadi shouib basin. These are: the Quercus aegilops, Quercus coccifera, and Pinus halepensis. The results showed that the means of annual increase in tree height was 15cm for Q.aegilops., 32cm for Q. coccifera., and 8.5cm for P. halapensis.; in tree-trunck circumference; it was 5 cm for Q. aegilops,, 4 cm for Q. coccifera., and 8cm for P. halapensis ; in tree-trunck diameter, it was 5cm for Q. aegilops., 6cm for Q.coccifera., and 8cm for P. halapensis. The annual increase in the biomass was 0.04 tree, 0.045 m3 tree, and 0.032m3/tree for the Q. aegilops, Q. coccifera., and P. coccifera., respectively.

Key words: Wadi Shuaib basin, annual rainfall, Quercus aegilops , Q. coccifera , Pinus hallepensis.

Vol. 7. No. 2

Abst.: Met. 06E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (2) 2003 : 335- 552

Temperature tme series in Basrah city

Abdullah S. BaMasoud Faculty of Environmental Sciences, P.O. Box 50511, Mukallah - Hadhramout - Yemen

Abstract The annual and monthly mean temperature time series (1941- 1996) in Basrah city is analyzed. Through the Least Square Method and t-test, the calculations show that the annual mean temperature time series has two positive trends. One is from 1941-1969 and the other is from 1969-1996. According to the latter, the annual mean temperature has increased with a rate of 0.08 °C/year. The monthly temperature time series is analyzed using Harmonic Analysis. The results of harmonic analysis show that the main three constituents contribute 97.14% of the total variance of the series. A new series is generated using those three constituents. The series of the annual range (differences between annual mean maximum and minimum temperature) is illustrated. It is found that this series has a positive trend, which is considered a sign of desertification.

Key words: Basra city, Temperature time series, desertification , Least square method Harmonic analysis.

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Met. 07E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7 (3) 2003 : 499- 509

Some climatic effects of smmer monsoon over the coastal strip of the Southern and Eastern Parts of Yemen

Mohammed. S. El-Mashjary and Abdullah. S. BaMasoud Faculty of Environmental Science & Marine Biology, University of Hadhramoat for Science & Technology P.O. Box 50303, Mukalla, Republic of Yemen

Abstract In this paper the summer monsoon effect on the climates of Aden, Riyan (Mukalla) and Socotra Island are studied and evaluated. The monthly mean temperature series of each station is simulated as a fractionalized single wave with crest in July and through in January. In each of the three stations, the summer monsoon reduces the expected monthly mean temperature. This reduction reaches its maximum in Socotra and Riyan during July (3 & 1.5o C respectively), and in Aden during August (1.3oC). Besides, it was noticed that the onset of the monsoon starts early in Socotra and lasts from May to September, while in Aden and Riyan it starts later in June to September. Monthly mean rainfall data of the three stations are also simulated to find the effect of summer monsoon over this region. Analysis of variance for the three groups of monthly mean temperature shows that they belong to the same population or have the same climatic characteristics.

Keywords: Summer Monsoon, Yemen, climatic effects, monthly mean temperature , monthly mean rainfall.

13. PARASITOLOGY

Vol. 2. No. 1

Abst.: Pars. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 2 (1) 1998 : 139- 142

The Role of cockroaches in the dissemination of the parasite Strongyloides stercoralis Saeed Haj Ba-Swaid Biology Department-Faculty of Education -Mukalla-University of Aden Abstract

Strongyloides stercoralis eggs and rhabditoide larvae were recovered from the rectum of cockroaches. The culture of these stages revealed the presence of infective and non-infective stages of the parasite. The findings assure the viability of stages recovered and the role of cockroaches either as parasite reservoir or parasite mechanical vector, which added a new problem to the public health.

Vol. 3. No. 2

Abst.: Pars. 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3 (2) 1999 : 155- 160

Observations on some human endoparasites in Hadhramout (Republic of Yemen) S. H. Baswaid Faculty of Education - P.O.Box, 8370 Mukalla- Hadhramout (Yemen)

Abstract

During the period, February 1996 to June 1997, a total of 26399 stool samples and 13512 urine samples were examined for the determination of various endoparasites in Hadhramout population (Yemen). High prevalence is shown with Giardia lamblia (19.79 %) and Entamoeba histolytica (15; 9%) Schistosoma haematobium constitutes a health problem in some regions of Hadhramout. S. mansoni was detected in some persons who came from other regions of Yemen as a new parasite encountered in Hadhramout. Taenia saginata was recorded in regions where undercooked meat is consumed, and T. solium was detected in a Somali refugee.

14. PHARMACOLOGY

Vol. 1. No. 1

Abst.: Pharm. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1 (1) 1996 : 109 - 121

Bioequivalence studies on two brands of Ampicillin marketed in Yemen. Hussein Ahmed Bakathir, Rawiya Hassan Abdulla , Gameela Mohammed Abdu. Faculty of Medicine Unit of Pharmacology. Dept. of Internal Medicine. Faculty of Medicine-Aden-

Abstract Bioequivalence studies (Bioavailability) is an important biopharmaceceutical method used as a quality assurance measure for different branded products of drugs. One of these drugs is Ampicillin. In Yemen ampicillin has been extensively used for many years and is included in the national essential drugs list. At present it is available in various brands. However, no study in the past examined the bioavailability of it. In this study the bioavailability of ampicillin, following oral administration of two commercially available products to human, applying in form of capsules, was examined. One

of them (Yedcocilline) was produced locally by Yemen Drugs Company, Sana'a, while the other imported from Egypt (ADWIC, EL- Nasr Pharmaceutical Chemicals Manufacturers). The extent (reflected on the percentage dose excreted over 24 hours) and rate ( reflected on Maximum Peak of Excretion and time taken to reach this maximum) of bioavailability were determined using the urinary excretion method. Ampicillin urinary levels were measured according to the chemical method which was based on the Corper-Catalyzed hydrolysis of the intact ampicillin molecule to produce a copper-penicilloic acid complex which was then measured spectrophotometrically at 320 nm. A calibration curve was performed to determine the calibration factor. Five healthy adult male volunteers with an average age 30 years and average body weight 64 kg participated in the trials for this investigation. The two brands were compared and were found to be bioequivalent. Statistically there is no significant difference between the rate and extent of bioavailability of both of them.

Vol. 1. No. 2

Abst.: Pharm. 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1(2) 1996: 101- 112

Doctor's prescribing practices in hospital Out- Patients Departments in Aden Ahmed Abdo Rabbo Department of pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sana'a University , Sana'a , Yemen

Abstract Prescribing habits are influenced by different factors and influence health care. The prescription includes basic information which reflects the prescribers behaviour in the diagnosis and treatment of patients . As there is plentiful evidence of inadequate medical prescribing. The aim of the study is to describe and investigate specific aspects related to this problem. Three civil public hospitals in Aden were chosen for the study and assessed for prescribing rationality. The results of this study indicates irrational drug prescribing which may lead to ineffective treatment, health risks, patient non-compliance and needless expenditure. The deficiencies identified could be corrected by appropriate training , proper policies and administrative regulations.

Vol. 4. No. 1

Abst.: Pharm. 03E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 215- 220

Neutralization activity of some antacids marketed in Yemen

Hussein A. BaKathir * and Mohsen A. Al-Gahri ** * Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Pharmacy Section. ** Faculty of Education, Chemistry Department. University of Aden

Abstract

Antacids are basic compounds that neutralize the gastric content. Physicians employ them chiefly in the treatment of reflux esophagitis and peptic ulcer and mostly they are applied by the laity in self- medication of wide variety of symptoms. Chemically they are compared quantitatively in terms of their acid neutralizing capacity, which defined as the number of milliequivalents of 1N HCl that can be brought to pH 3.5 in 15 minutes. Mainly they are hydroxides of aluminum and magnesium, but combination of both is favorable to optimize the physiological effect and to reduce side and toxic effect. A large number of antacids from different pharmaceutical firms were dispensed in Yemen. The aim of this study is to compare between the actual neutralizing activity of a few of them with the dose written by the producer .To estimate the actual neutralizing activity in vitro a simple back titration method were employed. It was found that the actual neutralizing activity of JPOROX , TRISIL ,EPICOGEL, STOMACHGEL were identical with the dose written by their producers while MACIFLOX , ALUGAS P.D. were slightly weaker than what is written by their producers. Vol. 4. No. 2

Abst.: Pharm. 04E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 449- 454

Long term effect of on liver function

Ahmed Abdo-Rabbo,* Idris Eltayeb,** Mohammed Bajubair,** * Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Sana a University, Sana a, P.O. Box 8114, Yemen. ** Dept. of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, P.O. Box 1996, Sudan.

Abstract

Khat chewing is prevalent in all parts of Yemen as well as in some other countries with serious socio-economic impact and possible health hazards. The effects of khat taken for different periods i.e. the acute and chronic effects of khat chewing on the function of human liver were studied. 158 healthy volunteers divided into 4 groups according to the duration of khat chewing were examined biochemically for their liver function. The total bilirubin and alkaline phosphatase were within the normal range. Serum protein and albumin were decreased in the group of long-term khat chewing. The SGPT was higher in khat chewers than the non-chewer group and higher than the normal range too. This significant increase indicated biochemical evidence for disturbed liver function in the groups of chewing khat.

Vol. 6. No. 1

Abst.: Pharm. 05E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 189- 196

The rationality of drug prescribing in public and private pediatric Outpatient Clinics in Aden

Hussein Ahmed Bakathir Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences. University of Aden Abstract Despite several measures and improving facilities, there is still irrational drug selection and prescribing in different countries including Yemen. In our country there is also a lack of research in this field. In this study a comparison was made between the doctors" prescribing behavior in public (AI-Wehda Teaching Hospital) and private pediatric outpatient clinics by using the international indicators for rational use

of drugs (INRUD-indicators). A significant difference was found between public and private practice in most of the studied indicators. Moreover, over prescribing of antibiotics and injectable forms of drugs, as well as a relatively high average number of drugs per prescription were observed in both public and private practice. These findings support the need for continuing measures to encourage the rational use of drugs in Yemen. Keywords : Pharmacology, prescribing behavior, over prescribing, rational use of drugs, generic name of drugs, polypharmacy . INRUD

Vol. 6. No. 2

Abst.: Pharm. 06E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(2) 2002: 409- 416

The assay of Isoniazid in the Rifampicin and Isoniazid compound tablet

Hadeel Abdulmalek Abdulmajid Department of Pharmacy - Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences- Univ. of Aden E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract Rifampicin and Isoniazid is a combination antibiotic and anti- infective medicine used in the treatment of TB. This paper tried to use the fact that Isoniazid becomes a salt compound in an acidity condition, while Rifampicin is insoluble in water but easily soluble in chloroform. Using chloroform to extract the Rifampicin can exclude its interfere effect on assay process. Potentiometric titration method was used to determine Isoniazid amount in product. It has been found that coating materials has no effect on assay procedure.

Key words : Isoniazid ; Rifampicin; compound tablet ; assay.

Vol. 6. No. 3

Abst.: Pharm. 07E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(3) 2002: 667- 673

Enhancement of the cytotoxic activity of peripheral lymphocytes under the action of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid amide (PAMBA-Amide)

Samira Abdulla Mahmood Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden.

Abstract The paper presents the effect of para-aminomethylbenzoic acid amide (PAMBA-Amide) on the cytotoxic activity of recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) stimulated lymphocytes towards tumour cells. PAMBA-Amide enhances the cytotoxic activity peripheral lymphocytes stimulated with rIL-2 towards human erythromyeloic cell line K562, Melanoma cell line (Mel-1), and with Epstein-Barr virus transformed B-lymphocytes i.e.RAJl cells. This PAMBA-Amide effect depends on the concentration of rlL-2 used for the stimulation. The results are discussed in the light of the structure of related substances such as para-aninomethyl benzoic acid (PAMBA) and para- aminomethyl benzoic acid-ethylester (PAMBA-EE).

Key words: PAMBA-Amide, Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic activity, Cell activation.

Vol. 7. No. 2

Abst.: Pharm. 08E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 369- 376

Comparison of suppressive activity of Berberine, Bepridil and Cpu-86017 on the vascular contraction in relation to calcium entry

Khan Hussien Hamed , Dai Dezai and Zhu Yi Department of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University (Nanjing210009 ), China

Abstract To compare the suppression of CPU - 86017 with berberine on isolated vascular contraction caused by high K+ , CPU-86017, berberine and bepridil were applied to observe their suppression on three kinds of contractions performed as the following steps;( 1) In the Krebs - Henseleit (K-H) solution rat aortic ring was contracted (phase I contraction) after adding l00 mmol. L-1 KC1, (2) in Ca2+ -free K-H solution contracted by 100 mmol.L-1 KC1 and (3) contracted by adding 2.5 mmol, L-1 CaCI. In Krebs solution with Ca2+ the contraction induced by high K+ can be suppressed by CPU-86017 at 30, 100, 300 µmol. L-1 in a dose-dependent manner, while berberine has less effect on the contraction of rats aortic rings. In the solution without Ca2+, CPU- 86017 at 10, 30, l00 µmol. L-1, performed a dose-dependent inhibition on the contraction induced by high K+. CPU-86017 was more potent to suppress vascular smooth muscle (VSM) contractions at low concentrations than berberine. After adding Ca2+ into the Ca2+ -free K-H solution, CPU-86017 at 10, 30, 100µmol. L-1 suppressed potently the contractility of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) in a dose-dependent manner; whereas berberine exerted no significant inhibition until 300µmol. L-1 . Bepridil showed a moderate inhibition on intracellular release of calcium but potent in calcium entry. It was concluded that the calcium antagonist effect of CPU-86017 was exaggerated significantly after modification of the berberine molecule. CPU-86017 was potentiated its activity mainly to antagonize the Ca2+ entry, but less in suppressing intracellular release from sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Key words: calcium ; vascular smooth muscle ; berberine ; CPU- 86017 ; Bepridil.

Abst.: Pharm. 09E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(2) 2003: 377- 384

Effects of aqueous extracts of Peppermint, Fennel, Dill and Cumin on isolated rabbit duodenum

Sameera A. Mahmood *, Nageeb A. Abbas * and Roberto L. Rojas**

* Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Aden ** Department of Pharmacology, I.S.C.M, "Dr. Carlos J, Finlay", Havana, Cuba

Abstract

Pharmacological effects of some folk medicinal herbs used in Yemen and other Arabian countries were analyzed. Aqueous extracts of peppermint, fennel, dill and cumin were assayed by using the isolated rabbit duodenum. Mechanical activity was registered with a frontal ink isotonic lever on a kymograph drum under continuous oxygen bubbling. Peppermint showed a significant relaxation effect. Dill and cumin produced no clear effect, but dill had a tendency for a contractile one, while fennel always induced a contraction. Peppermint was selected for further investigations. Dose dependent relaxation was observed systematically with dried peppermint, taking 5 to 10 minutes for complete action. Not only relaxation but also a decrease in spontaneous activity was observed as well. Dried leaves extract showed a greater effect than fresh leaves extract. Acetylcholine-induced contraction was not modified, or only slightly, in the presence of peppermint extract. Relaxation induced by the extract occurred after tissue incubation with propranotol in the bath. Extract-induced relaxation was observed after addition of barium chloride to increase the spontaneous activity of duodenum. These results support the conclusion that relaxation was not due to a cholinergic antagonism nor to an adrenergic agonism, but most ; probably to a non-specific papaverine-like action.

Key words: Medicinal plants, Mentha piperita, Anethum graveolens L. Foeniculum vulgare Mill., Cuminum cyminum L.

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Pharm. 10E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 589- 597

Stability study of different brands of Amoxycillin oral suspensions

Mehdi A. Al-Haj and Hussein A. Bakathir Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pharmacy Section, University of Aden.

Abstract Stability of Amoxycillin (trihydrate) oral suspension 250mg/5ml of three different commercial brands (Amoxacin®), (Ultramox®), (Biomox®) has been investigated using lodometric Assay. The effect

of temperature, electrolyte and antioxidant on stability of amoxycillin (trihydrate) oral suspension was studied. In the laboratory, we determine whether the type of water, used in preparing the antibiotic suspension, affected its stability. Amoxycillin (trihydrate) oral suspension was reconstituted with different vehicles and stored at different temperatures, (room 25°C and fridge 5°C), for one week. lodometric method was applied to determine the degradation of amoxycillin oral suspension in relation to standard. The rate of amoxycillin trihydrate degradation from sustained release suspension after aging has been studied, using first order kinetic reaction. The concentrations remaining (mg/ml) and the degradations rate constants of different investigated brands reflect the factors, which influence the drug stability. The degradation rate of oral suspensions in all formulations follows a first order kinetic reaction.

Key words: Amoxycillin trihydrate oral suspension, Amoxacin®, Biomox®, Uitramox®, lodometric assay, stability.

Vol. 8. No. 2

Abst.: Pharm. 11E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2) 2004 : 387- 398

Bioequivalence study of different brands of propranolol- HCl tablets

Mehdi A. Al-Haj Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Pharmacy section

Abstract

Large numbers of -blockers are widely dispensed in the market and used in the treatment of various cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension, angina pectoris, and cardiac arrhythmias. Propranolol HCl belongs to the group of -blocking and it is one of the drugs of choice for sustained action dosage form, because its high therapeutic index. The objectives of this study are to compare the percentage of content of selected brands and to determine the drug release of propranolol HCl in 30 minutes and the maximum absorption in vitro by spectrophotometer assay. The in-vitro dissolution method utilized USP apparatus 1 at 100 rpm. and the medium is 0.1 N HCl. The results of the percentages of selected brand assays are complied with B.P. Dissolution tests in 30 minutes of selected brands of propranolol HCl are complied with USP and showed that Astra Zeneca (England), Zeneca (Egypt), Kahira (Egypt), have similar formulations whereas Lagap, (Switzerland) is different. The maximum absorption of an oral dosage form of selected brands of propranolol HC is determined (1-2hrs.) (In vitro) and that confirm the predict time of maximum absorption of propranolol HCl from gastrointestinal (1-2hrs) (In vivo).

Key words: Different brands of propranolol HCl 10 mg tablets, (Inderal®, Astrazeneca, England) (Inderal®, Zeneca, Egypt) (Indolol®, Kahira, Egypt) (Bedranol® Lagap, Switzerland), Propranolol HCl 100% (Switzerland), qualitative and quantitative analysis.

Abst.: Pharm. 12E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8 (2) 2004 : 399- 403 Hypnotic activity of Aerva javanica

Rawiya Hassan A. S. Alasbahi Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences- University of Aden

Abstract

Aqueous extract from the aerial part of Aerva javanica was tested for hypnotic activity by using the motility box, which contained 8 light barriers in its lower part and was connected to digital machine. The movements (passes) of 3 groups of mice, namely the negative control group, the test group and the positive control group were followed up by registering the number of passes through the light barriers, after being given amylopectin solution (250mg / kg), aqueous extract of Aerva javanica (500mg / kg) and sodium phenobarbiton solution (100mg / kg) respectively. Compared to the positive control group, which was clearly hypnotized by sodium phenobarbiton (average of passes 48.8), the test group showed an average of 231.8 passes, indicating that the test group was not hypnotized by the aqueous extract. Instead the mice of the test group were stimulated. Key words: Aerva javanica, hypnotic activity, phytochemical.

14. PHYSICS

Vol. 4. No. 1

Abst.: Phys. 01A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 65-77

A study of Radon levels in the soil of Nasir s College of Agriculture- Yemen

Taher M.Ali, Hayel A. Ahmed and Abubaker A.Zumailan

Abstract

The Radon diffusion in the atmosphere and dwelling interior comes from one source, it is the soil. Emitting alpha particles, radon daughters may be deposited in to the lungs and cause health hazards, so for this reason, estimation of radon levels in soil and dwelling were done in many countries. In the present work, we have used the passive dosimeters (SSNTDs) containing (CR-39) detectors. The dosimeters were distributed at the surface of the ground, in the soil horizontally (at depth 50 cm) and in soil with depth. The overall mean for radon levels in soil horizontally was (1.28± 0.05) KBq/m3 and the mean radon concentration at the surface of the ground was (0.42± 0.03) KBq/m3. It is found that radon concentration increases as the depth increases up to (90 cm) depth after that radon levels decrease as the depth increases.

Abst.: Phys. 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(1) 2000: 223- 243

Evaluation of the conventional approaches to calculate the optical energy gap of amorphous Si and Ge

S.K.J.Al-Ani, A.Ibrahim and F.K.Al-Dhoki Department of Physics, College of Education for Women Baghdad University , Jadirya Baghdad IRAQ

Abstract

Various approaches to calculate the energy gap ( E opt ) in amorphous Si and Ge were re-assessed. A fairly accurate numerical method is used to find the derivative of highly authorised experimental data of 2 vs . for various samples of Si and Ge. Plots are made of, 1 / 2 2 vs . [the Cody approach, constant dipole matrix element (M.E.) 1 / 2 and the density of states index m=2] ; 2 vs . [ the Tauc approach, constant momentum M.E and m=2] ; 2 and

2 1 2 [two approaches in which the index r (which is related 2 vs . 2 to m ) is obtained from the experimental data with constant dipole and momentum matrix elements respectively] .

From above values of E opt were obtained and fitted to straight line equations which in turn were used to draw 2 curves. Then they were compared with the original experimental 2 curves. It has been concluded that there is no specific systematic behaviour that could assist one of the various approaches significantly against the others . Thus the conventional available theoretical models of optical absorption in amorphous semiconductors upon which these various approaches are based, are not sufficient to explain the experimental optical data of a-Si and a-Ge .

Vol. 5. No. 1

Abst.: Phys. 03A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 5(1) 2001: 87-102

Measurement of Radon concentration in Taiz city dwellings - Yemen 1Taher M. Ali Hayel A. Ahmed and 2Rokhsana M. Ismail Physics Dept , Chemistry Dept University of Aden

Abstract Radon gas considered being a high part of natural radiation background. Emitting alpha particles; radon daughters may be deposited into the lungs and cause health hazards. For this reason, estimation of radon levels in dwellings was done in many countries. In our country, Radon group in the Department of physics, University of Aden has been studied radon level in Aden dwelling. The present study is about the radon level in Taiz city Yemen. Passive diffusion dosimeters containing (SSNTDs) CR - 39 detectors were used in the present work. 125 dosimeters were distributed into dwellings of ten regions in Taiz city. 222 3 Results obtained show that Rn levels vary between 4 Bq3/ m and 99 Bq/m3 . The average concentration in Al - hasseb district is 23 Bq/m3 and in Algumhuri hospital district is 53 Bq/m3. In other regions it varies between the two values, whereas the general average in the Taiz city is 34 Bq/m3 .

Key words: Radon, Taiz city, Yemen

Vol. 6. No. 1

Abst.: Phys. 04A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 6(1) 2002: 79-87

Optical properties of the 8-13 µm emission band in trapezium nebula Q.S.Majeed , S.K.J. Al-Ani, and H.D. Jaffar Baghdad University , College of Science , Iraq.

Abstract The 8-13µ m emission observed for dust in the trapezium nebula can not be explained on the basis of a single material model involving either mineral grains or simple organic matter. Laboratory measurements were carried out to determine the index of refraction, the Extinction coefficient and the flux density for mineral

oxides and biological samples like E-Coli bacteria and diatoms. A modified kramers - kronig dispersion relation were used to calculate the refractive indices by using transmittance in stead of reflectance. A very good agreement with the observational data is found .

Key words : Optical properties, 8-13 µm emission band, Trapezium 'Nebula.

Vol. 7. No. 3

Abst.: Phys. 05E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 513- 522

Contribution of modulated DSC to study the thermal behaviour of PET Films drawn in hot water

Abubaker Zumailan Department of Physics- Faculty of Education- Aden University P.O. Box 6014 Khormaksar, Aden Yemen

Abstract PET films uni- axially drawn in hot water are studied by means of conventional DSC and Modulated DSC. The glass transition is studied by Modulated DSC which allows access to the values of the glass transition temperature Tg and the variations of Cp = Cpt -Cpg (difference between thermal capacity in the liquid-like and glassy states at T = Tg). Variations of Tg with the water content (which act as plasticizer) and with the drawing (which rigidities the amorphous phase) are discussed in regard to the structure engaged in these materials. The variations of Cp are also interpreted with the help of a three phase model and a strong-fragile glass former liquid concept. We show that the fragility of the medium increases by the conjugated effects of deformation and water as soon as a strain induced crystalline phase is obtained, and it decreases drastically when the rigid amorphous phase occurs.

Key words: DSC , MDSC , PET , water.

Vol. 8 No. 1

Abst.: Phys. 06E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004: 161- 169

The influence of drawing on the fragility properties of Hot Pet Films

Abubaker Zumailan University of Aden, Faculty of Sciences and Education, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 6014 Khormaksar, Aden Yemen Abstract

Dielectric measurements were performed on dry and wet PET films uni- axially drawn. The values of the fragility index (m) and other parameters were obtained by the help of the relaxation time ( ) calculations. The relaxation time corresponding to each frequency (f) was calculated from the variations of the dielectric loss factor ( ) as a function of temperature (T). Variations of the fragility index (m) with the water content (which act as plasticizer) and drawing (which rigidify the amorphous phase) were discussed in regard to the structure engaged in these materials. The variations of the Vogel- Tamman- Fulcher relationship(V T F) parameters and the strong-fragile glassy former liquid formation concept were also interpreted. The observations show that the fragility of the material increases by the conjugated effects of deformation and water sorption. As a result, a strain induced crystalline phase was obtained. The fragility decreases drastically when a rigid amorphous phase occurs. keywords: PET, dry and wet PET, hot water, drawing, dielectric, strong- fragile, V T F parameters, fragility index.

Abst.: Phys. 07E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 8(1) 2004 : 171- 177

Nuclear structure of low-lying states of Gd152 in framework of the interacting Boson Model

A.R.H. Subber Physics Department, Faculty of Science, University of Sana a, Sana a, Al-Yemen E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract The level structure of Gd152 is analyzed taking into account the experimental information available from - decays of Eu152 , with respect to the symmetries of IBM-1 and IBM-2 . The level energy values, B(E2), were estimated and compared with experimental data. The interband B(E2) ratios were calculated and compared with experimental data. Special attention paid to the -softness O(6) like nucleus. Keywords: Nuclear structure, energy levels, transition probability, interacting Boson Model.

16. RENEWABLE ENERGY

Vol. 1. No. 2

Abst.: Ren.Energ 01A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 1(2) 1996: 41-59

The possibility of solar drying coffee in Yemen Mohamed Ashoor Alkathiri and Saggaf Ahmed Alkaff Aden University Aden University Faculty of Agriculture Faculty of Engineering

Abstract Coffee in Yemen is considered as one of the important crops , as a cash crop. So it is necessary to give more care of it's production as well as stages of preparation, thus have high quality product. Drying is a very significant operation during the preparation of coffee, affecting it's quality and specifications . This paper discusses the possibility of coffee drying using the solar energy hence overcoming the difficulties and drawbacks of the traditional drying (sun drying ) minimizing the post harvest losses avoiding the application of the limited conventional resources of energy when using the artificial drying . The traditional drying method has been studied with the solar intensity in the selected locations of the coffee production. It is found that the sun is abundant assuring the possibility of application of such type of renewable energy for coffee drying making use of a simple and cheap solar dryers .

Vol. 3. No. 2

Abst.: Ren.Energ 02E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(2) 1999: 165- 167 Osmotic - Solar Drying of Grapes

Mohamed Ashoor Alkathiri Aden University - Agriculture Faculty, Khormaksar P.O. Box 6352

Abstract Osmotic drying is a method of partial dehydration of fruits by osmosis in sugar or syrup. In this process the fruit is reduced to about 50% of it's original weight by osmosis. The process is a simultaneous water and solute diffusion. After that the fruits have to be drained and dried further in a drier. Many authors have studied the opportunity to combine the osmotic to other stabilizing techniques, here we combine the osmotic drying to solar drying by using simple solar dryer. The results showed that osmo- solar dried samples are better than solar dried samples from the quality point of view. and the time needed for drying is only 2 days for the osmo-solar and 6 days for the solar.

Vol. 4. No. 2

Abst.: Ren.Energ 03E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 391- 396

Status and prospects of PV solar energy in rural Yemen

S.M.Bin Gadhi and A.S.Bin Ghouth Faculty of Engineering - University of Aden, Box 80277 Ma alla - Aden- Republic of Yemen

Abstract Rural Yemen faces shortage of power generation for purpose of lighting and water pumping. Due to the remoteness of scattered villages and the mountainous regions, it is not possible for the grid system to reach these areas. On the other hand, the physical conditions are excellent for the use of solar electricity to meet the need of the people. However, the installed photovoltaic systems in Yemen are rather few. Some systems are successfully working while some ones failed to continue working due to many reasons. This paper highlights experiments with the implementation of PV systems in rural Yemen and the pits and falls of them. The aim is to outline methods of solving the implementation problem so that commercial applications of PV system in Yemen become possible and viable alternative to present methods of small unit power generation.

Keywords: Barrier; evaluation; implementation; PV system; rural areas

17. VETERINARY

Vol. 3. No. 1

Abst.: Vet. 01E

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 3(1) 1999: 13-18

The prophylactic and curative effect of ceder honey on peptic ulcer in rabbits *Faiza Abdilla; *Mohammed Adam Abdulaziz; **Gamal Abdulhamid; *Faculty of Agriculture-Dept. Plant Protection, Animal production, **Faculty of Medicine - Cancer center

Abstract

Beside its nutritive value, natural honey is used for its curative properties for a wide-range of diseases. It is proved either by practice or scientific investigations that natural honey has effectiveness in curing gastro-intestinal disorders and ulcers. In the present work, we studied the prophylactic and curative characteristics of the natural ceder honey in preventing and induced gastric ulcer when received pre and/or post administration of the ulcerogenic agent "diclofenac" to rabbits. Results significantly showed that receiving honey as prophylactic use was more effective in curing induced ulcer in rabbits than when used only after inducing ulcer. Whereas, rabbits which didn't receive honey at all showed high number of scores. The average number of ulcer scores in the above mentioned treatments were 2.63,4.88 and 8.50 respectively. It is indicated too that side effects of ulcerogenic agent as well as diarrhea and some behavior symptoms rapidly disappeared on receiving honey.

Vol. 4. No. 2

Abst.: Vet. 02A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 4(2) 2000: 353- 362

Survey of the most important ectoparasites diseases in goats at Delta Tuban Lahej

S . AL Shabibi. * S. Kasim ** and A. Ali * * Nassir's College of Agricultural Sciences, University of Aden ** Livestock Research Centre, Lahej

Abstract

During the period from 24/ 3/1998 to 21/10/1998 a survey of eleven villages at Delta Tuban Lahej governorate was accomplished. Samples were taken from 41 herds of Goats making a total of 1372 heads of animals. Different types of ecto- parasites i.e. Mage, Ticks, Lice, were found widespread in Goats. Total effected cases of Ecto parasites were 522 heads in Goats: Adult: Male 9 heads female 234 heads. Medium: Male 35 heads; female 85 heads; Small: Male 46 heads; female 116 heads. According to the Spread of different types of ecto parasites in goats 1- lice infestation 38.05% 2- Mange infestation 33.35 % 3- Ticks infestation 20.63% Outcome of the animal health survey of 41 herds of goats were found heavily infested with the three types of ecto parasites.

Vol. 7. No. 3 Abst.: Vet. 03A

University of Aden Journal of Natural and Applied Sciences 7(3) 2003: 401- 407

Oberration of Hydatid disease cases among slaughter - house animals

A. A. Ali H.O. Bin Saleh and S. AI- Shabibi,

Abstract This research was conducted in Al-yafei Slaughter House, Shiekh Othman, Aden, Gov. to observe the infection with Hydatid disease among the Slaughter - House animals, The number of slaughter animals during the research period, starting from Nov. 1999 to April 2000, was 27556 Slaughtered animals; 13658 sheep, 13367 goats and 531 cattle. The disease was among sheep and cattle. The number of affected animals is 23, with an average of 0.17% cattle by the rate 0.38%. As far as the organs; 23 livers and 10 lungs were affected, but at the same time at the heart not exceeding 2 cases. There were 14 slaughtered sheep that were common in liver lung and heart. As the number of Hydatid cysts in the liver was 127 for all infested animals and 112 cyst in the lung for all the infested animals and 112 cycts in the lung for all the infested animals. There was only one cyst in each heart infected.

Keywords: hydatid cyst, infestation, Echinococous

Author Index

Serial Author's Name Abstract/code/number No 1. Abbas, N. A. Pharm.09E 2. Abdel-Shafy, H. Env.15E 3. Abdillah, F. Vet.01E 4. Abdo, A. Med.46E 5. Abdo, Kamal Med.36E 6. Abdo-Rabbo, A. Pharm.02E, Pharm.04E 7. Abdo, Youssef M. Agric.66A 8. Abdu, G. M. Pharm.01E 9. Abdul aziz, J. Eng.25E 10. Abdulaziz, M.A. Vet.01E, Biol.05E 11. Abdul Ghafoor, A. Math.04E, Math.10E 12. Abdul-Ghani, A. H. Env.10E, Env.13E, Env.17A 13. Abdulhamid, G. Med.01E, Med.02E, Med.03E, Med.06E, Med.07E, Med.44E, Vet.01E 14. AbdulKader, M. Eng.50E 15. AbdulKader, N. M. Med.28E 16. Abdulla, A. R. A. Med.42E, Med.47E 17. Abdulla, M. F. Eng.65E 18. Abdulla, N. M. M. Agric.61A 19. Abdulla, R. H. Pharm.01E 20. Abdulmageed, A. Agric.13A, Agric.20A, 21. Abdulmageed, A. A. Eng.33E, Eng.40E, Eng.52E 22. Abdulmajid. H. A. Pharm.06E 23. Abdulrab, W. R. Med.18E 24. Abdul-Wahab, M. M. Mar. Sc.13E 25. Abid, K, Y. Chem.12E, Env.02E 26. Abid, O. H. Chem.18A 27. Abood, A. M. Med.02E, Med.03E, Med.25E 28. Abou Samour, H. Met.05A 29. Abubaker, A. A. Anm.Prod. 04E 30. Abulfatih, H. A. Env.01E, Env.02E 31. Abu-Rukah, Y. H Geolg.01E, Geolg.04E 32. Abu Zalata, M. K. Eng.63E 33. Addes, A. Z. Eng.27E, Eng.42E 34. Ahmed, A. M. Agric.11E 35. Ahmed, A. T. Med.42E 36. Ahmed, F. R. Agric.40A, 37. Ahmed, H. A. Phys.01A, Phys.03A 38. Ahmed, M. A. Agric.28A 39. Ahmed, Mohamed A. Eng.60E 40. Ahmed, M. M. Eng.46E 41. Akares, S. A. Med.49E 42. AL-Aghberi, A. Anm.Prod. 03E 43. AL-Ali, A. M. Agric.36A, 44. Al-Ani, S. K. J. Phys.02E, Phys.04A 45. Alasbahi, R. H.A.S. Pharm.12E 46. Al-Attas, M. A. Eng.14E, Eng.17E, Eng.20E, Eng.22E, Eng.53E 47. Al-Attas, S. A. Med.14E, Med.39E 48. Al-Aulaqi., S. Med.04E 49. Al-badwi, M. F. A. Eng.56E 50. Albar, A. Anm.Prod. 01E, Anm.Prod. 03E

51. Al-Bar, A. M. Env.03A 52. Albekri, A. H. A. Math.6E 53. Al-Dabbagh, T. H. Geolg.02E, Geolg.05A, Geolg.06A 54. Al-Dhoki, F. K. Phys.02E 55. Al-Douh, M. H. Chem.18A 56. Alfageih, F. M. A. Agric.27A, Agric.35A, Agric.37A, Agric.55A, 57. Al-Farhan, H. N. Agric.32A, 58. Al-Fatlawy, A. A. Chem.18A, 59. Al-Gabaly, E. M. Env.14A 60. Al-Gahri, M. A. Chem.07A, Chem.09A, Pharm.03E 61. Al-Ghamdi, A. A. Agric.45E 62. Algifri, A. H. Eng.12E, Eng.21E 63. Al- Giffri, K. M. Med.29E 64. Al-Gohary, H. Chem.14E 65. Algunaid, A .M. Agric.05A 66. Al-Hadrani, A. M. Med.04E, Med.05E 67. Al-Haider, H. J. Agric.44A 68. Al Haj, M. A. Pharm.10E, Pharm.11E 69. Al-Hamedawi, A. M. S. Agric.49A, 70. Alhunaishi, A. S. Eng.28E 71. Ali, A. A. Vet.02A, Vet.03A 72. Ali, Anis A. Chem.19E, Env.15E, Env.19E, Mar. Sc.03A, Mar. Sc.08E, Env.18E 73. Ali, Abdulmageed A. Eng.33E, Eng.45E 74. Ali, Abdulnasser. A. Med.30E 75. Ali, A .M. Agric.07A, Agric.09A, Agric.14A, Agric.15E, Agric.28A, Agric.35A, Agric.37A, Agric.50A, Agric.53A, 76. Ali, T. M. Phys.01A, Phys.03A 77. Alia, M. A. K. Eng.63E 78. Al-Jabbari, A. N. A. Eng.64A 79. Aljaroo, Sh. A. Eng.15E, Eng.18E, Eng.20E, Eng.22E, Eng.23E, Eng.30E 80. Al-Jboory, I. J. Agric.62A, Agric.63A 81. Al-Jumaily, M. M. Biol.04E 82. AL-Juboory, B. A. Agric.44A 83. Alkaf, H. A. Agric.04A, Agric.31A,

Agric.43A, Env.15E 84. Alkaff, S. A. Eng.39E, Ren.Energ.01A 85. Al-Kahali, M. S. H Chem.16E 86. Al-Kathiri, M. A. Food Sc. 01A, Food Sc. 03A, Food Sc. 05A, Food Sc. 07A, Ren.Energ.01A, Ren.Energ.02E 87. AL-Khaffaf, A. A. Agric.30A, Agric.42A, Agric.46A, Agric.47A 88. Al-Khalaqui, J. A. Math.4E 89. Al- Mahdawi, G. J. Mar. Sc.11A 90. Al-Makhlafi, H. K. Food Sc. 04E 91. Al-Maisary, M. F. Agric.59A 92. Al-Mashjary, M. S. Met.07E 93. Al-Mofti, M. B. Env.02E 94. Al- Mulsi, A. M Anm.Prod.03E, Anm.Prod.05E 95. AL-Mussali, M. S. Food Sc. 08A 96. Al-Nawi, A. M. Med.09E, Med.11E, Med.16E, Med.17E, Med.18E 97. Al-Noban,A. S. Eng.61E 98. AL-Nokhaif, A. Anm.Prod. 03E 99. AL-Obaydee, M. R. Geolg.05A, Geolg.06A 100. Al-Qubati, A. M. A. Med.38E, Med.40E 101. Al-Rahawi, H. M. H. Agric.59A 102. Al-Rammah. S. O. Agric.08A, Agric.17A 103. Al-Rashidi, G. A. Agric.54A, 104. Al-Rawi. D. F. Agric.32A 105. ALsaad, M. Eng.07E, Eng.09E 106. AL-Saggaf, M.A. Eng.44A, Eng.47A 107. Al-Samarai, J. M. Eng.61E 108. Al- Samarray, S. A. A. Env.14A 109. Al-Sammarie, A.I. Agric.62A, Agric.63A 110. Al-Saraireh, R. M. Med.43A 111. Al-Sayed, A. A. Mar. Sc.04E, Mar. Sc.12E 112. AL-Shabibi, S. Vet.02A, Vet.03A 113. Al-Sharagi, M. H. Med.05E 114. Al-Shawafi, N. A. Chem.16E 115. Al-Suba i, K. A. Geolg.03E 116. AL-Subai, M. Y. Env.05A 117. Al-Sunaidy, M. A. Agric.46A, Agric.64A 118. Al-Sunaidy, S.M. Agric.57A 119. AL-Taweel.A. A. Agric.36A

120. AL-Tememi, N. K. Agric.36A 121. Al-Tobaili, S. S. Math.11E 122. Al- Towaie, H.A. Eng.12E, Eng.21E, Eng.24E 123. Al-Yahri, A. M. H. Chem.11E, 124. Asharjabi, A. W. Eng.49E 125. Assakaf, A. A. Agric.09A, Agric.50A, Agric.53A, 126. Assalimy, Y. N. Eng.41E 127. Assayad, A. A. Math.02E, Math.08A 128. Atroosh, K. B. Agric.27A 129. Awad, M. S. Eng.13E 130. Ba-Abbad, O. A. Eng.26E, Geolg.02E 131. Ba-Angood, S. A. Agric.01E, Agric.15E, Agric.46A, Agric.57A 132. Baasher, S. M. Env.09A, Met.04A 133. Ba-Azab, M. S. Med.25E 134. Bafana, G. A. Mar. Sc.02E 135. Ba-Fiadh, S. Chem.04A, Chem.05A, Chem.08A 136. Bahaidara, A. S. Eng.03E, Eng.08E, Eng.10E, Eng.11E, Eng.57E 137. Baharoon, A. A. Chem.19E, Mar. Sc.03A, Mar. Sc.08E 138. Bahashwan, A. A. Eng.04E, Eng.13E, Eng.31E, Eng.38E, 139. Ba-Isa, A A. Chem.16E 140. Bajubair, M. Pharm.04E 141. Bakathir, H. A. Med.26E, Pharm.01E, Pharm.03E, Pharm.05E, Pharm.10E 142. Ba-Masoud, A. S. Met.06E, Met.07E 143. Ba-Momin, A. M. Agric.04A, Agric.52A, Env.03A 144. Ba-Naimoon, S. A. Mar. Sc.01E, Mar. Sc.05E, Mar. Sc.07E, Mar. Sc.09E 145. Baodha, A. M. Med.31E, Med.33E, Med.35E 146. Ba-Raadi, A. A. Eng.44A, Eng.47A 147. Ba-Raga, H. A. Env.03A 148. Ba-Raheem, A. Eng.35E, Eng.55A 149. Barashed, K. N. Eng.51A 150. Bard, C. Eng.14E

151. Barheyan, S. A. Chem.06E, Env.06A 152. Barashed, K. N Eng.67E 153. Ba-Saba'a, A. K. Agric.07A, Agric.38A 154. Ba-Saleem, M. Eng.04E, Eng.31E 155. Ba-Saleh, S. Med.36E 156. Basharahil. B. H. Food Sc. 08A 157. Bassaif, A. A. Math.03E, Math.05E 158. Baswaid, A. S. Agric.03A, Agric.07A, Agric.09A, Agric.14A, Agric.21A, Agric.24A, Agric.27A, Agric.28A, Agric.35A, Agric.37A, Agric.50A, Agric.53A 159. Baswaid, S. H. Pars.01E, Pars.02E 160. Bawazeer, A. A. Agric.03A 161. Bawazir, A. A. Agric.51E, 162. Bawazir, Amin A. Med.01E, Med.06E, Med.23E, Med.36E 163. Bawazir, G. M. Mar. Sc.10E 164. Bawazir, S. A. Chem.01E 165. Ben Silm, S. Med.34E, Med.41E 166. Bin Ahmed, N. A. Med.03E 167. Bin Dahman, A. O. Eng.55A 168. Bin Gadhi, S. M. Eng.02E, Ren.Energ.03E 169. Bingeiwed, A. S. Agric.52A, 170. Bin Ghouth, A. S. Eng.57E, Ren.Energ.03E 171. Bin Haider, Z. S. Food Sc. 02A 172. Bin Othman, A. K. M. Agric.39A 173. Bin-Saad, M. G. Math.7E 174. Bin saleh, H. O. Vet.03A 175. Bin Saroor, A. S. Eng.05E, Eng.60E 176. BinShahna, A. S. Math.02E, Math.06E 177. Bin Shuaib, O.S. Agric.25A, Agric.29E, Agric.39A, 178. BenSilm, S. A. Med.34E 179. Bin Taleb, A. M. Agric.06A, 180. Bin Talib, A. K Med.26E, Med.32E 181. Bin Talib, H. K. Med.22E, Med.26E 182. Dagestani, N. Chem.14E 183. Dezai, D. Pharm.08E 184. El-Akhal, H. Geolg.04E 185. Elias, S. Mar. Sc.04E 186. El-Mashjary, M. S. Met.07E 187. Eltayeb, I. Pharm.04E

188. Ermel, K. Agric.01E, 189. Fadaq, S. O. Med.29E 190. Fadhl, T. A. Chem.04A, Chem.05A, Chem.08A, Chem.10A, Chem.17A, Env.06A 191. Fareed, A. A. Eng.01E, Eng.06E, Eng.19E 192. Gerbel, S. S. Agric.34A 193. Ghaleb, A. Agric.15E, Env.11E 194. Ghanem, W. A. Eng.36E 195. Ghanim, A.A. Met.01A, Met.02A 196. Gubran, H. B. Eng.38E, Eng.58E 197. Gueldner, H. Eng.42E 198. Gupta. K. Eng.38E 199. Gurbel, S. S. Agric.58A 200. Habash, A. Eng.07E, Eng.09E 201. Hamed, A. A. Agric.26A 202. Hamed, K. H. Pharm.08E 203. Hammad, M. Eng.07E, Eng.09E 204. Hanif, S. M. Eng.50E 205. Hanshour, A. I. Eng.36E 206. Hashem, A. R. Env.16E 207. Hassan, A. A. Agric.21A, Agric.24A, Agric.41A, Agric.43A 208. Hassan, M. M. Chem.02E, Chem.04A, Chem.08A 209. Hassan, H. S. Agric.60A 210. Hassan, T. A. Agric.10A, Agric.12E, Agric.18A, Agric.22E, 211. Hati, R.N. M. Med.09E, Med.11E, Med.13E, Med.16E, Med.31E, Med.35E 212. Hazza a, A. A. Eng.59E, Eng.68E 213. Hazza a, G. A. Eng.34E, 214. Hizam, A. G. Med.20E 215. Hujairi, A.O. Agric.30A, Agric.42A 216. Hussein, M. A. Env.10E, Env.12E, Env.13E, Env.17A 217. Ibrahim, A. Phys.02E 218. Imad, A. K. Chem.20E 219. Ismail, R. M. Chem.13E, Chem.14E, Chem.20E, Phys.03A 220. Jaffar, H. D. Phys.04A 221. Jezan, H. S. Med.10E, Med.21E

222. Jumida, R. E. Agric.62A, Agric.63A 223. Kader, N. M. A. 224. Karama, A. A. Med.09E, Med.20E, Med.31E, Med.48E 225. Kasim, S. Vet.02A 226. Kassim, Y. A. Chem.05A, Chem.10A 227. Kersh, V. Ya Eng.44A 228. Khairallah, S. M. Eng.15E, Eng.18E, Eng.22E, Eng.23E 229. Khan, M. A. Eng.32E, Eng.48E 230. Khanbari, O. S. Food Sc. 02A, Food Sc. 09E 231. Khanbash,M. S. Agric.02A, Agric.06A, Agric.11E, Agric.23E, Agric.33E, Food Sc. 03A 232. Kitto, M. R. Mar. Sc.05E 233. Luqman, A. Y. Env.06A 234. Madhi, Y. S. Food Sc. 01A, Food Sc. 05A, Food Sc. 06A 235. Mahdi, A. S. Biol.01E 236. Mahfoud, J. Eng.14E, Eng.53E 237. Mahmood, S. A. Pharm.07E, Pharm.09E 238. Majeed, A.A.A. 239. Majeed, Q. S. Phys.04A 240. Maknoun, A. A. Biol.3E 241. Marougi, G. T. Math.11E 242. Merzah, T. K. Agric.30A, Agric.42A, 243. Meunier, F. Eng.25E 244. Mohamed, H. A. Env.04A 245. Mohammed, Abdulla Agric.56A, A. 246. Mohammed, S. A. Env.06A 247. Mohren, A. M. Agric.65A 248. Mohsen, M. M. Med.02E, Med.07E, Med.19E, Med.28E 249. Mokbel, A. A. Eng.43E 250. Moqbel, N. M. Agric. 20A 251. Mubarak, S. M Eng.36E 252. Mugally, A. M. Med.05E 253. Mukbel, M. A. Eng.02E, Eng.54E 254. Mulhi, A. Med.24E, Med.37E 255. Moqbel, N. M. Agric. 20A, 256. Muqbel, A. A. Env.18E 257. Musa, A. A. Med.08E, Med.12E

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