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International Organization for Migration YEMEN Migration Crisis Operational Framework (MCOF) 2017 - 2018 International Organization for Migration Yemen Country Office Sana’a, Republic of Yemen Tel.: +967 1 410 568 / 572 Fax: +967 1 412 251 Email: [email protected] Website: https://www.iom.int/countries/yemen © 2017 International Organization for Migration (IOM) 1 INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION FOR MIGRATION The International Organization for Migration (IOM) works to ensure the orderly and humane management of migration, to promote international cooperation on migration issues, to provide technical support to address migration challenges, and to provide humanitarian assistance and transition opportunities to migrants in need, including refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) and host communities. IOM globally has 166 member states, eight observer states, and offices in over 100 countries and became a related organization to the United Nations (UN) in 2016. IOM Yemen operates under the IOM Middle East and North Africa Regional Office in Cairo, Egypt, including Algeria, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Libya, Morocco, Syria, Sudan and Tunisia IOM’s objective for the MENA region is to: Enhance good governance of migration throughout the Middle East and North Africa region, ultimately aspiring towards migration and human mobility that is humane and orderly and that benefits migrants and societies. IOM will do so by addressing the mobility dimensions of crises affecting the region and by contributing to structural transformations in the way in which migration is approached, addressed and discussed in the Middle East and North Africa. MIGRATION CRISIS OPERATIONAL FRAMEWORK Following the adoption of Council Resolution No. 1243 of 27 November 2012, the IOM Migration Crisis Operational Framework (MCOF) is based on the concept of a “migration crisis,” a term that describes the complex and often large- scale migration flows and mobility patterns caused by a crisis. Migration crises typically involve significant vulnerabilities for individuals and impacted communities, and generate acute and long term migration management challenges. A migration crisis may be sudden or slow in onset, can have natural or man-made causes, and can take place internally or across borders. For this reason, the MCOF looks at the patterns of human mobility before, during, and after a crisis in relation to IOM’s sectors of assistance. Each sector of assistance represents a distinct set of IOM activities that have a specific function in an operational response, depending on the type and phase of the crisis. IOM’s 15 sectors include: 1) camp management and displacement tracking; 2) shelter and non-food items; 3) transport assistance for affected populations; 4) health support; 5) psychosocial support; 6) (re)integration assistance; 7) activities to support community stabilization and transition; 8) disaster risk reduction and resilience building; 9) land and property support; 10) counter-trafficking and protection of vulnerable migrants; 11) technical assistance to humanitarian border management; 12) emergency consular assistance; 13) diaspora and human resource mobilization; 14) migration policy and legislation support; and 15) humanitarian communications. The MCOF complements and reinforces existing international systems, including the cluster system, refugee regime, peace and security actors, and development actors. The MCOF was developed in order to provide an analytical tool to assess IOM’s operations and to support states in times of migration crises. ©IOM Yemen 2016 2 CONTENTS Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 4 IOM Migration Crisis Operations in Yemen ...................................................................................... 5 PART I Context Analysis ............................................................................................................... 6 Key factors determining the migration crisis in Yemen ................................................................... 6 Mobility Dimensions of the Crisis ............................................................................................... 7 I. Internal Migration; Forced migration caused by conflict and natural disasters ..................... 7 II. Migratory flows into Yemen ........................................................................................................... 9 III. Migratory flows out of Yemen ................................................................................................. 11 PART II Operational Frameworks .............................................................................................. 12 Governmental Structures and Frameworks ............................................................................. 12 partnerships and coordination ................................................................................................. 12 PART III Operational Challenges ................................................................................................ 13 PART IV Forecasting .................................................................................................................. 14 PART V Strategic Response ....................................................................................................... 15 PILLAR I: Providing Effective Humanitarian Response ...................................................... 16 PILLAR II: Early Recovery and Transition ........................................................................... 18 PILLAR III: Promoting National Ownership and Resilience ................................................ 19 PART VI Common Programming Elements ............................................................................... 21 Annex A: MCOF Wheel for Yemen Response ............................................................................ 23 Annex B: MCOF Planning Exercise Outcome for Yemen ............................................................... 24 References ................................................................................................................................ 32 Acronyms .................................................................................................................................. 33 3 Introduction The ongoing migration crisis in Yemen is characterized by conflict and natural disaster induced large-scale displacement, as well as complex external migration flows and mobility patterns. Since the escalation of the conflict in March 2015, the humanitarian situation in Yemen continues to deteriorate. Years of poverty, underdevelopment, environmental decline, intermittent conflict, and weak rule of law – including widespread violations of human rights - have contributed to over 5 years of crisis. As of December 2016, there are over 2 million Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), 1 mainly in the northwestern parts of the country, with an additional estimated 1.03 million IDP returnees. The situation in Yemen has become all the more complex as a result of the country’s status as a country of origin, transit, and destination for example refugees, returnees, economic and irregular and regular migrants. Regular migration flows between the Horn of Africa and Yemen have surged to such a degree as a result of the complex realities of political and economic dynamics in the region, that the number of migrants have overwhelmed available resources. The UN estimates that more than 100,000 migrants and refugees crossed the Red or Arabian Seas and landed in Yemen in 2016, an influx that exceeds 2014 and 2015 estimated levels.2 In addition to those migrants staying in Yemen, many migrants transit under alarming conditions through war-torn Yemen to Saudi Arabia in search of work, and are often victims of smuggling rings and other criminal networks. While displacement in Yemen remains fluid, the emergence of return pockets is observed requiring for a tailored multi- sectorial approach of assistance in order to enhance stability in target areas. Required assistance includes health care, mental health and psychosocial support, as well as community stabilization and transition, reintegration support, disaster risk reduction (DDR) and resilience building. Given the current situation, it is likely that the humanitarian challenges will continue to remain high over the coming years, as there are currently 18.8 million people in need of humanitarian assistance. The collapse of basic services and institutions, poverty, environmental decline and collapse of the agricultural sector furthermore seriously hamper the recovery of Yemen. In an effort to support the Government of Yemen and its people to address the aforementioned migration challenges, the IOM mission to Yemen has developed its Strategic Plan for 2017/2018 to both demonstrate the principlesandoutlinetheobjectivestowardsachievinggoodmigrationgovernance.This comprehensive document lays the groundwork for programmatic development and strategic planning to address current and anticipated needs in the coming years in Yemen. This document is furthermore predicated on the continued collaboration of IOM with local and national governments, national and international partner organizations, civil society organizations, donors, international humanitarian systems, and local communities. To ensure an in-depth and systematic analysis and response, IOM uses the Migration Crisis Operational
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