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ROYA DE LA VID Phakopsora Euvitis Ono, 2000 Ficha Técnica No. 68

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ROYA DE LA VID Phakopsora Euvitis Ono, 2000 Ficha Técnica No. 68 ROYA DE LA VID Phakopsora euvitis Ono, 2000 Ficha Técnica No. 68 SPHD, 2015; Dauri et al., 2004. CONTENIDO IDENTIDAD ........................................................................................................................................... 1 Nombre científico .............................................................................................................................. 1 Sinonimia .......................................................................................................................................... 1 Clasificación taxonómica ................................................................................................................... 1 Nombre común.................................................................................................................................. 1 Código EPPO. ................................................................................................................................... 1 Estatus fitosanitario ........................................................................................................................... 1 Situación de la plaga en México........................................................................................................ 1 IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA DE LA PLAGA ...................................................................................... 1 Potencial de impacto económico en México ..................................................................................... 2 DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE LA PLAGA ................................................................................... 2 HOSPEDANTES ................................................................................................................................... 4 Distribución nacional de hospedantes ............................................................................................... 4 ASPECTOS BIOLÓGICOS Y ECOLÓGICOS ....................................................................................... 5 Ciclo de vida ..................................................................................................................................... 5 Descripción morfológica .................................................................................................................... 6 DAÑOS Y SÍNTOMAS .......................................................................................................................... 7 ASPECTOS EPIDEMIOLÓGICOS ....................................................................................................... 9 Sobrevivencia ................................................................................................................................. 10 Dispersión ....................................................................................................................................... 10 Enfermedades que causan síntomas similares a P. euvitis ............................................................ 10 Métodos de diagnóstico .................................................................................................................. 11 MEDIDAS FITOSANITARIAS ............................................................................................................. 11 Control fitoquímico .......................................................................................................................... 11 Control químico ............................................................................................................................... 11 Resistencia genética ....................................................................................................................... 12 VIGILANCIA EPIDEMIOLÓGICA FITOSANITARIA ............................................................................ 12 Toma y envío de muestras .............................................................................................................. 12 Alerta fitosanitaria ........................................................................................................................... 12 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ................................................................................................................................... 12 Área: Vigilancia Epidemiológica Fitosanitaria Código EPPO: GLRAV1, GLRAV2, GLRAV3. Comentarios y sugerencias, enviar correo a: [email protected] IDENTIDAD Estatus fitosanitario Nombre científico De acuerdo a la Norma Internacional para Medidas Fitosanitarias (NIMF) No. 5, “Glosario de Phakopsora euvitis Ono, 2000. términos fitosanitarios”, Phakopsora euvitis cumple con la definición de plaga cuarentenaria, Sinonimia ya que se encuentra Ausente del país y puede potencialmente causar pérdidas económicas en Phakopsora ampelopsis cultivos hospedantes (IPPC, 2018). Angiopsora ampelopsidis Physopella ampelopsidis Situación de la plaga en México Physopella vitis Uredo vialae Con base en la NIMF No. 8, “Determinación de Uredo vitis la situación de una plaga en un área”, Phakopsora euvitis es una plaga Ausente: no hay registro de Clasificación taxonómica la plaga en México (IPPC, 2017). Reino: Fungi IMPORTANCIA ECONÓMICA DE LA PLAGA Phylum: Basidiomycota Clase: Pucciniomycetes P. euvitis fue detectada en Darwin, Australia, Orden: Pucciniales en 2001 y erradicada exitosamente en julio de Familia: Phakopsoraceae 2007 (SPHD, 2015). A partir de su detección, Género: Phakopsora representó un peligro importante, principalmente Especie: Phakopsora euvitis para el cultivo de vid en Australia, por lo que plantas de uva infectadas fueron completamente (CAB International, 2017) destruidas (NAPPO, 2003). De acuerdo con el Plant Health (2015), de este país P. euvitis es Nombre común clasificada como una plaga de categoría dos. Actualmente, se realizan actividades de vigilancia Nombre común fitosanitaria para su detección oportuna con el fin de mantener el estatus de plaga erradicada. En Español Roya de la uva; Roya de la vid Brasil, se reporta que la presencia de esta roya afecta negativamente la viticultura brasileña, Grape leaf rust; grape rust; originando importantes repercusiones grapevine leaf rust; grapevine Inglés económicas en la sostenibilidad de los sistemas rust; leaf rust; grapevine; de producción vinícola e impactando rust:grapevine severamente en el desarrollo económico, social, Francés Rouille de la vigne cultural y calidad de vida de las personas que dependen directa e indirectamente de este Fuente: CAB International, 2018; SPHD, 2015; cultivo. Tessmann et al., 2004. De acuerdo con Da Silva y Paz (2010), esta Código EPPO. enfermedad puede llegar a ser muy destructiva si no se controla a tiempo. PHLLAM. (CAB International, 2018) Área: Vigilancia Epidemiológica Fitosanitaria Código EPPO: PHLLAM. Comentarios y sugerencias, enviar correo a: [email protected] 1 Potencial de impacto económico en México toneladas con un valor de producción de 7, 279.74 millones de pesos (Cuadro 1). Posicionando a Para México, P. euvitis representa una seria México como uno de los principales productores amenaza para la vitivinicultura nacional, y pone de uva de mesa a nivel mundial (SIAP, 2018 con en riesgo al cultivo de uva, establecido en 33, 713 datos del 2017). hectáreas, las cuales durante el ciclo agrícola 2017 mantuvieron una producción de 415, 889.20 Cuadro 1. Principales estados productores de uva en México durante 2017. Superficie Producción Valor de la producción Estado sembrada (ha) (toneladas) (millones de pesos) Sonora 22,864.11 334,355.28 6,328.25 Zacatecas 4,223.95 33,140.84 286.57 Baja California 4,278.58 24,153.59 439.96 Aguascalientes 994.50 14,440.80 104.18 Coahuila 616.50 4,541.80 60.04 Querétaro 295.00 2,444.71 27.51 Chihuahua 135.00 893.00 8.69 Guanajuato 152.50 1,166.25 13.97 San Luis Potosí 105.00 667.00 9.61 Jalisco 30.00 0.00 0.00 Nuevo León 6.00 10.80 0.15 Durango 6.00 49.08 0.55 Baja California Sur 5.50 22.00 0.17 Puebla 1.00 4.05 0.07 TOTAL 33,713.64 415,889.20 7,279.74 Fuente: SIAP, 2018; con datos del ciclo agrícola 2017. DISTRIBUCIÓN GEOGRÁFICA DE LA PLAGA se ha extendido en el suroeste de Brasil en los estados de Paraná, Mato Grosso (Papa et al., Ono (2000) reportó a Phakopsora euvitis en 2003; Naruzawa et al., 2006), Sao Paulo plantas de vid en Asia. Esta plaga se encuentra (Tessmann et al., 2003) y Santa Catarina ampliamente distribuida en China, y el sudeste (Sonego et al., 2005). Es importante mencionar asiático, además de la India, y Sri Lanka (CAB que aislados del hongo de la roya de la vid International, 2018). En 2001, la roya de la vid recolectados en Estados Unidos, no se han fue detectada en Darwin, Australia (Weinert et estudiado lo suficiente como para confirmar la al., 2003; SPHD, 2015). En este país un presencia de P. euvitis en este país, y por programa de erradicación fue implementado consiguiente, su distribución geográfica en el entre 2003 y 2007 y el primero de julio de 2007, Continente Americano (Chalkley, 2016) (Cuadro en el territorio norte de Australia fue declarado 2 y Figura 1). libre de P. euvitis (Department of Primary Industries, 2013). La enfermedad recientemente Área: Vigilancia Epidemiológica Fitosanitaria Código EPPO: PHLLAM. Comentarios y sugerencias, enviar correo a: [email protected] 2 Cuadro 2. Distribución mundial de Phakopsora euvitis. Asia América Europa Bangladesh, China (Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, USA (Alabama, Florida, Rusia Guangxi, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hong Kong, Carolina del norte y (Federación de Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi,
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