J. Indian bot. Soc. e-ISSN:2455-7218, ISSN:0019 - 4468 Vol. 98 (1&2) 2019: 01-13

TAXONOMIC STUDIES OF FLORISTIC MICROFUNGI FROM NORTH WESTERN GHATS OF INDIA

RASHMI DUBEY

Botanical Survey of India Western Regional Centre, Pune – 411001 Email: [email protected] Date of online publication: 31st March 2019 DOI:10.5958/2455-7218.2019.00001.9 Western Ghats, one of the biological hotspots of India, represents some of the best non-equatorial, tropical evergreen forests in the world and supports many endemic species of plants, animals and microorganism and are also facing threats of rapid deforestation. The Northern Western Ghats are popularly known as `Sahyadris' runs from TaptiHills (Gujarat), Maharashtra and Goa. The region supports Tropical semi evergreen to moist deciduous type of forest as ' type of climax vegetation. Unlike its southern counterpart, the North Western Ghats has not attracted much attention from the researcher community perhaps owing to its drier and fragmented landscape.The forest loss is relatively more in Northern Western Ghats than in Southern Western Ghats. The region has witnessed rapid urban expansion and an increase in development projects since last three decades. Unless actions are not taken to protect biodiversity, the opportunity of reaping its full potential benefit to mankind will be lost forever. This necessitates a balanced exploitation and conservation of the nation's wealth, especially plants, animals and microbes. Amongst the microbes, fungi are the most important and versatile living components of tropical ecosystems. Micro fungi are important organisms involved in biogeochemical cycling within ecosystem and have an enormous potential for bioprospecting.Therefore, there is a need to design an information system for Taxonomic characterization of microfungi that would help in the conservation and management of biological resources and also increase the Microbial wealth of the nation. Buoyant by fascinating and noteworthy results and lack of detailed knowledge on systematic taxonomic and biology of microfungi, a taxonomic studies of micro fungi from different geographical areas of Northern Western Ghats of India was undertaken. In the present study, various areas were visited in different forest ecosystems of Western Ghats and collected the live, dried, senescing and moribund leaves, logs, stems etc. The results presented in this paper are based on an investigation carried out over a period of five and a half years, from Nov. 2010 to March, 2016, on the floristic micro fungi associated with plants of Maharashtra. This multipronged effort resulted in the collection of more than 1000 samples with identification of more than 500 species of fungi. The present study area forms the type locality two new genera (Sheathnemaindicum Dubey and Moonnambeth, 2014 and Sawantomyces indica Dubey and Moonnambeth, 2014,11 new species: Custingophora ratnagiriensis Dubey & Moonambeth, 2013; Goosiomyces bambusicola Dubey & Moonambeth, 2013; Kamalomyces mahabaleshwarensis Dubey & Moonambeth, 2014;Periconia chandoliensis Dubey & Moonambeth, 2016; Solicorynespora matheransis Dubey & Moonambeth, 2014; Stigmina koyanensis Dubey & Moonambeth, 2016; Tharoopama livistonae Dubey & Moonambeth, 2013;Tripospermummelghatensis Dubey & Moonambeth, 2013; Vermiculariopsiella papaya Dubey & Moonambeth, 2013; Zygosporium cocos Dubey & Moonambeth, 2014 and Zygosporium dilleni Dubey 2014. In addition to this 21 fungal taxa were new additions to Fungi of India and 71 fungal taxa were found to be new to Western Ghats and besides this, many new host records were also reported during this period. Thus Northern Western Ghats offers an important site to study and characterize the bio-economically important fungi i.e. “Microfungi” for the purpose of conservation and sustainable management. Microbial communities play a major role in the and cryptic contribution to fungal biodiversity. decomposition of terrestrial ecosystems. It is The identification and conservation of logical to assume that the tropics, with their microorganisms diversity of Biological high plant diversity, should be housing most of hotspots of the world has been endorsed by the undescribed fungal species than in various groups as equally valuable,yet temperate plants (Hyde 2001). It is therefore characterisation and conservation of fungi has important to locate habitat with high fungal not been a priority either in India or elsewhere. diversity containing numerous rare Studies on fungi of tropical ecosystems are species.The Western Ghats supports many limited compared to those in temperate endemic species of plants, animals along with ecosystems (Sayer 2006, McGuire et al. 2012, microoorganisms and are also facing threats of Xu et al. 2013). Most of the studies from World rapid deforestation (Myers 1988, 2003). The and India fungi are concerned with mycota of the Northern Western Ghats has been Morphological identification of fungal taxa. less explored in comparison to Southern Two recent and important developments have Western Ghats (Northern Western Ghat Status greatly influenced and caused significant Report 2010), despite their higher frequency changes in the traditional concepts of

Received on November 29, 2018 www.indianbotsoc.org Accepted on December 11, 2018 Taxonomic studies of floristic microfungi from north western ghats of India J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :02 systematics. These are the phylogenetic microtome techniques. approaches and incorporation of molecular Fungi with sporulating structures were biological techniques, particularly the analysis observed under a compound microscope for of DNA nucleotide sequences, into modern detailed diagnostic features which aided in systematics. This new concept has been found their identification. Sporulating structures such particularly appropriate for fungal groups in as conidiophores and conidia in case of which no sexual reproduction has been hyphomycetes, pycnidia, conidiogenous cells observed (deuteromycetes). Morphology and conidia in case of coelomycetes and based diagnosis and classification of fungi has ascocarp, asci and ascospores in ascomycetes been the foundation of taxonomic mycology were considered as diagnostic features in the since many decades. We designed a study to identification of fungi. Using appropriate characterise the Morphological features of references (Carmichael et al. 1980, Ellis 1971, fungi and to assess to the diversity and 1976; Mats, shima 1975), the isolates were distribution of fungi occurring in Northern identified and assigned to respective genera Western Ghats of India. Recent studies and species. Digital images were taken using conducted in North Western Ghats have shown Digital color CCD Camera (Nikon DS Fi1) that luxuriant tropical forest habitats and attached to a Nikon eclipse 50i microscope notable wet evergreens, moist deciduous, and with interference optics.All the holotypes are scrub forest are found here. Systematic survey maintained in Botanical Survey of India, of fungi found on leaf surface, plant debris, Western Regional Centre Herbarium, Pune and fallen logs outcome in the collection of some few new findings have been deposited in interesting forms. The Fungi were identified Ajrekar Mycological Herbarium, Pune. down to species level based on conventional Descriptions of all new findings have been morphological parameters and this paper submitted to Mycobank. presents an overview of microfungal diversity present in the region. Assertively, these studies The fungi obtained were categorized into have provided a proper path, for the and and of floristic microfungi in upcoming era. undetermined forms. Holotypes and isotypes of each sample was properly labelled and MATERIAL AND METHODS maintained in the Herbarium of Botanical Extensive and periodical survey of various Survey of India, Western Regional Centre, ecologically different habitats of Sahyadri Pune. Mycobank, Index Fungorum of CABI range was undertaken during the course of four Bioscience (http://www.indexfungorum.org) years. Total area covered for survey was 600 sq. and systematic Botany and Mycology km. Intensity of survey was more during post L a b o r a t o r y D a t a b a s e monsoon season and it was also conducted as (http://nt.arsgrin.gov/fungaldatabases/fungus per availability of plants. Infected samples host) were cross-referred at every step to were brought to the laboratory in the analyse and confirm the floristic data obtained aluminium foil bags so that saprophytes may on microfungi of the region under study. In this not attack them. In the laboratory each infected category an effort was also made to give the sample was first examined carefully with the current name to the genera/species as directed naked eyes to have a clear picture of b y s p e c i e s f u n g o r u m symptomatology. Further processing of (http://www.speciesfungorum.org). Although infected samples was carried out by the nomenclature on these online websites is microscopic studies by preparing the slides in a also not completely in accordance with the drop of routine mounts (Lacto phenol, Cotton rules and format of International Code of blue or Lactofuschins) and glycerine separately Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, following different methods as handsections, 2011 i.e. one one name concept, but the Rashmi Dubey J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :03

Figure 1. Areas of Western Ghats of Maharashtra visited during filed tours.

Figure 2. Important Forest areas of Northern Western Ghats of Maharashtra visited during Field Exploration Taxonomic studies of floristic microfungi from north western ghats of India J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :04 new nomenclature is in pipeline. RESULTS An extensive survey on microfungi in the Maharashtra has been carried out during 2011–2015, revealed a rich flora of Microfungi harbouring the plants in different forest ecosystems of Western Ghats of Maharashtra. In the present study, fungi occurring on fresh leaves, fallen leaves, stems of angiosperm Figure 3: Chart showing the distribution of documented micro fungi in four subphyla (both dicot and monocot), Gymnosperms and Pteridophytic plant species have been collected Fungal taxa belonging to Phylum and studied in detail from different major Basidiomycota (16 sp. in11 genera) was further localities from the State of Maharashtra. This classified into three sub phyla- Agaromycotina multipronged effort resulted in the collection of (1 sp. in 1 ), Pucciniomycotina, (14 more than 1000 diseased samples with the species. in 9 genera) and Ustilaginomycotina identification of 544 isolates of microfungi. (1 species. in 1 genus). Further distribution of The distributional pattern of (188 fungal fungal species in different families of genera, 332 species and 04 varieties) recorded Basidiomycota is depicted in Fig. 4 during the studies were represented by a FLOW Fungal taxa belonging to phylum Ascomycota CHART. The documented genera and species (316 species, 04 varieties in 177 genera) ruled were classified as per Index fungorum and the fungal communities and were represented th Mycobank online database and 10 edition of by sub phylum Pezizomycotina (316 species Dictionary of Fungi. The documented fungal and 04 varieties belonging to 177 generawhich taxa (188 fungal genera, 332 species and 04 were further classified into two categories: (1). varieties) were represented by Ascomycota Fungal taxa (66 species. in 47 genera) (177 Genera, 316 species& 04 varieties) and classified upto Pezizomycotina (Anamorphic Basidiomycota(11 genera & 16 species) (Fig- Pezizomycotina); (2) Fungal taxa (250 species 3). & 04 varieties in 130 genera) further classified

Figure 4. Number and Percentage distribution of documented foliicolous fungal taxa in different families of Phylum Basidiomycota Rashmi Dubey J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :05

Figure 5: Number and Percentage distribution of documented foliicolous fungal taxa in different classes and family of Phylum Ascomycota (sub phylum- Pezizomycotina) (Note- 66 (20.625%) fungal taxa are classified only upto sub phyla- Pezizomycotina) in classes viz. - (140 species. fungal species. The details have been & 01 variety in 73 genera), Eurotiomycetes (5 hightlighted in the flow charts.The fungal species. in 4 genera), - (17 genera and species were classified in species in 12 genera), Sordariomycetes- (87 accordance to Dictionary of fungi (10th species & 03 varieties in 40 genera) and family e d i t i o n ) , I n d e x f u n g o r u m Wiesneriomycetaceae (1 species in 01 Genus) (http://www.indexfungorum.org) and (Fig. 5). Mycobank (http://www.mycobank.org) online The number of fungal taxa belonging to database. The changes on this websites are d i ff e r e n t f a m i l i e s o f t h e c l a s s e s directly linked to the advances in molecular Dothideomycetes (Fig.6), Eurotiomycetes phylogenetic analysis, because a more natural ( F i g . 7 ) , L e o t i o m y c e t e s ( F i g . 8 ) , systematic classification can be obtained Sordariomycetes (Fig.9) was represented by through molecular evidence. Even though, the bar diagram. Critical review of the Flow charts and Graph reveals that majority of foliicolous fungi belongs to class Dothideomycetes (140 species. & 01 variety in 73 genera) which were further distributed among 28 fungal families. Fungal taxa (87 species.. & 03 varieties in 40 genera) belonging to Sordariomycetes were further distributed among 17 fungal families. Fungal taxa (5 species. in 4 genera) belonging to Class Eurotiomycetes was distributed among three families. Fungal taxa (17 species. in 12 genera) belonging to Class Leotiomycetes were distributed among six families. As a whole, family Meliolaceae (03 genera, 36 species and 03 varieties) emerged out to be the most dominating family Figure 6: Graphical representation of fungal sp. and encompassing 11.60 % of the total recorded intra specific taxa belonging to different order/families of class - Dothideomycetes. Taxonomic studies of floristic microfungi from north western ghats of India J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :06

Figure 8: Graphical representation of fungal sp. belonging to different families of Leotiomycetes Figure 7: Graphical representation of fungal sp. al. 1986, 1996, Singh and Mall 2007, Mall, belonging to different families of Eurotiomycetes. 2012, Verma et al. 2008, Maheswari 2012. classification of fungi on these online Index Fungorum of CABI Bioscience databases is still in pipeline and thousands of (http://www.indexfungorum.org), Mycobank fungi is still awaiting for their suitable place in (http://www.mycobank.org) and Systematic modern system of classification (based on Botany and Mycology Laboratory Database phylogeny and molecular sequencing). ( h t t p : / n t . a r s - g r i n . g o v / Nevertheless, efforts are being made to rectify fungaldatabases/fungushost)were cross- the confusions arouse from the dual naming referred at every step to scrutinize and verify system persisting with anamorphic fungi. In the floristic data obtained on foliicolous fungi this category an effort was also made to give the of the region under study. current name to the genera/species as directed In this treatise, for our understanding, those b y s p e c i e s f u n g o r u m fungal species frequently isolated from (http://www.speciesfungorum.org). Although associative plants were considered as common the nomenclature on these online websites is forms; those encountered occasionally and also not completely in accordance with the sometimes only from endemic plants of the rules and format of International Code of region were treated as rare forms. Hitherto Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, unknown species were, however, considered as 2011 i.e. one fungus one name concept, but the novel forms. The most exciting and wealthy new nomenclature is in pipeline. At this stage, contribution of this study indeed is the only the English description was given to the discovery of two new fungal genera, ten new new taxa, as per the new International Code of fungal species. The new genera described Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants, during this period are Sheathnema indicum 2011.Some of the collections collected or Dubey and Moonnambeth, 2014 and examined in connection with the present S a w a n t o m y c e s i n d i c a , D u b e y a n d investigation turned out to be undescribed. Moonnambeth 2013a. The 10 new species Some of the other specimens represent new described during this period are: fungal records for India in general or some for Custingophora ratnagiriensis Dubey and Maharashtra states in particular, or are recorded M o o n a m b e t h 2 0 1 3 b , G o o s i o m y c e s on new host species. Host range and bambusicola Dubey and Moonambeth 2014 a, distribution in Maharashtra and India have Kamalomyces mahabaleshwarensis Dubey been checked using Bhide et al., 1987; and Moonambeth 2013 b, Solicorynespora Bilgrami et al. 1979, 1981, 1991, Ellis 1971, matheransis Dubey and Moonambeth 2014 c, 1976, Ellis and Ellis 1985, Hosagaudar et al. Stigmina koyanensis Dubey and Sengupta 1996, 2006, Jamaluddin et al. 2004, Kamat et 2016, Tharoopama livistonae Dubey and al. 1971, Mukerji and Juneja 1974, Sarbhoy et Rashmi Dubey J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :07

Figure 9: Graphical representation of fungal sp. belonging to different families of Sordariomycetes Moonambeth 2013c, Tripospermum Acarocybellina arengae Matsush. (Dubey and melghatensis Dubey and Sengupta 2016, Moonambeth 2013 d), Cucurbidopthis Vermiculariopsiella papaya Dubey and pithyophila (Dubey and Moonambeth 2013e), Moonnambeth 2014b, Zygosporium cocos C a t e n u l a r i a c u b e n s i s H o l . - J e c h . , Dubey, 2014 and Zygosporium dilleni Dubey, Hemibeltrania nectandrae (Bat. and H. Maia) 2014. In spite of several detailed floristic Piroz, Idriella lunata P.E. Nelson & S. Wilh; investigations carried out elsewhere by other Mycovellosiella solani-torvi (Gonz. Frag. & workers, a sizable number of the fungi were C i f . ) D e i g h t o n ; P a r a p e r i c o n i e l l a recorded for the first time from the country. In asterinae(Deighton) U; Periconiella telopeae all, 16 taxa of micro fungi were recorded for the (Hansf.) Ellis, (Dubey & Moonambeth, 2014 first time from the country(Table1) as d); Phragmospathula brachyspathula Table 1: New records of micro fungi S.NO. FUNGAL SPECIES HOST PLACE OF COLLECTION 1. Acarocybellina arengae (Matsush.) Spadix of Cocos nucifera L. Sawantwadi 2. Catenularia cubensis Hol.-Jech. On Cocos nucifera L. Pune 3. Cucurbidopthis pithyophila Dracaena fragrans (L.) Ker Gawl. Pune 4. Hemibeltrania nectandrae On leaves of Litsea stocksii ( Meisn.) Hook.f. Lonavala (Bat. & H. Maia) Piroz 5. Idriella lunata P.E. Nelson & S. On leaves of Allophylus cobbe(L.) Raeusch. Koyna WLS, Wilh Satara Dist. 6. Mycovellosiella solani-torvi (Gonz. On leaves of Vitex trifolia L. Vengurla, Sawantwadi Frag. & Cif.) Deighton. 7. Parapericoniella On leaves of Memecylon Radhanagri asterinae(Deighton) U. talbotianum Brandis 8. Periconiella telopeae (Hansf.) Ellis On unidentified living leaves Sawantwadi 9. Phragmospathula brachyspathula On leaf sheath of Roystonea regia (Kunth) O.F. Pune Mercado Cook 10. Physopella hiratsukae (Syd.) On leaves of Bambusa arundinacea (Retz.) Willd. Malshej Ghat, Thane Cummins & Ramachar 11. Vizella oleariae Swart. Leaves of Ixora coccinea L. Amboli Ghat,

Taxonomic studies of floristic microfungi from north western ghats of India J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :08

Table 2 : List of Fungal spp. documented during the studies Rashmi Dubey J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :09 Taxonomic studies of floristic microfungi from north western ghats of India J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :10 Rashmi Dubey J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :11 Rashmi Dubey J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :12

Mercado (Dubey and Moonambeth 2014 e), Verticillium lecanii (Zimmerman) Viegas Physopella hiratsukae (Syd.) Cummins and 1931, Volutina concentric Penz. and Sacc. Ramachar (Dubey and Moonambeth 2013 f), 1902 and Zygosporium masonii 1951 on their Vizella oleariae Swart. (Dubey and respective hosts. Moonambeth 2013 g). Of the entire recorded, it In this study 19 fungal forms such as is interesting to note that more than 71 % of the Acremonium, Alternaria, Beltrania, total fungal isolates studied from different Beltraniella, Chalara, Cladosporium, forest ecosystems were found on new hosts Corynespora, Deightoniella, Fusarium, plants, thus forming new host records from Monodictys, Nigrospora, Periconiella, India (Bilgrami et al. 1991, Jamaluddin et al. Pestalotiopsis, Pithomyces, Pseudospiropes, 2004 and Maheshwari et al. 2012). Table 2 Pyriculariopsis, Sirosporium, Spiropes, highlights some of the new host records which Vermiculariopsiella reported earlier both as are reported for the first time for India. Besides litter and foliicolous (Ellis 1971, 1976) were this Fungal species like Conidiocarpus betle, regularly stumble upon. Asterina woodfordiae, Cercospora blumeicola, Cercospora careyae, Meliola diospyri were Pathogenic fungi viz., Alternaria, Calonectria, recorded after a period of 35 years or more from Cercospora, Colletotrichum, Coniella, India. Corynespora, Curvularia, Cylindrocladium, Domingoella, Fusarium, Glomerella, During the course of this study, several litter Mycosphaerella, Myrothecium, Pestalotiopsis, mycota were also encountered, these included Phoma, Phyllachora, Phyllosticta, Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze) Wiltshire 1933; Pseudocercospora, Puccinia, Septoria, Uredo, Beltrania mangiferae Munjal and J. N. Kapoor and Uromyces are the most widely distributed 1963, Beltrania querna Harkn 1884, Beltrania and dominant ones in different forest rhombica Penz. 1882, Botryosporium ecosystems in the Western Ghats. madrasense Raghukumar 1970, Chaetomella acutiseta Sutton and Sarbhoy1976, REFERENCES Corynespora torulosa (Syd.) Crous 2013, Bilgrami K S Jamaluddin and Rizwi M A 1981 Dendryphiella vinosa (Berk. and M.A. Curtis) The Fungi of India. Part II (Host Index and Reisinger1968, Dendryphion comosum Wallr. Addenda). Today and tomorrow's Printer and 1883, Drechslera rostrata M. J. Richardson Publishers. New Delhi. 128 pp. and E.M. Fraser 1968, Excipulariopsis narsapurensis (Subram.) Spooner and P.M. Bilgrami K S Jamaluddin and Rizwi M A 1991 Kirk 1982, Fusarium solani(Mart.) Sacc. The Fungi of India. Part III (List and Michelia 1881, Hansfordiellopsis lichenicola References).Today and Tomorrow's Printer (Bat. & H. Maia) Deighton 1960; and Publishers, New Delhi. 798 pp. Hermatomyces tucumanensis Speg.199; Carmichael J W, Kendrick W B, Comers I L Kirschsteiniothelia atra (Corda) D. and Singler L 1980 Genera of Hyphomycetes. Hawksworth 2014; Lichenoconium boreale (P. University of Albert Press, Entmomton. Karst.) Petr. and Syd. 1972, Monodictys Dubey R 2014 Two new species of paradoxa (Corda) S. Hughes 1958, Z y g o s p o r i u m M o n t . f r o m I n d i a n Heteropatella lacera Fuckel Jb. nassau Ver. Subcontinent. Indian. Journal ofForestry. 37 Naturk 1874, Sordaria fimicola (Roberge ex (2) 165-168 Desm.) Ces. and De Not 1863, Tetraploa ellisii, Cooke 1879, Torula herbarum Sacc. 1913, Dubey R. and Moonambeth N A 2013 Trichothecium sp. Trichoconiella padwickii Sawantomyces– A New hyphomycetes genus (Ganguly) B. L. Jain 1976, Ulocladium botrytis from Western Ghats, India. Journal on New Preuss 185, Vermiculariopsiella sp. biological Reports 2(3) 234-237. Taxonomic studies of floristic microfungi from north western ghats of India J. Indian bot. Soc.98 (1) 2019 :13

Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2013a species of Vermiculariopsiella from Western Custingophora ratnagiriensis sp.nov. – A Ghats, India. International Journal of novel species of Custingophora from Konkan, Scientific Research. 3(6) 35-36. India. NeBIO - An International Journal of Dubey R and Neelima A. Moonambeth 2014c Environment and Biodiversity. 4(6) 31-32. Solicorynespora matheranensis sp. nov.- A Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2013b Newspecies of Solicornespora from Indian Kamalomyces mahabaleshwarensis sp.nov. Subcontinent. NeBIO - An International (Tubeufiacea) from the Western Ghats, India - Journal of Environment and Biodiversity 5 (4) Mycosphere 4 760–764. 15-18. Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2013c Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2014d . Some Tharoopama livistonae sp.nov.- A New New Records of conidial Fungi for India. Synematous Hyphomycetes from India. Indian Journal on New Biological Reports 3(3) 200- Journal of Forestry. 36 (3) 383-386. 203. Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2013d Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2014e Acarocybellina arengae (Matsush.) Subram. - Phragmospathula brachyspathula Mercado- A A New Generic and species record for India. record of anamorphic fungi from Western Indian Phytopath 66 (3) 326-327. Ghats. India NEBIO- An International Journal Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2013e First of Environment and Biodiversity. 5 (1) 25-27. Report of Cucurbidothis pithyophila on Dubey R and Shreya sengupta 2016 . Stigmina Dracena fragrans L. from India. J.Mycol & koyanensis-a new conidial fungus from Pl.Pathol. 43 (4) 489-490. Western Ghats of India. Plant Pathology & Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2013f Quarantine 6(1) 54-58 (2016). “Physopella hiratsukae (Syd.) Cummins & Dubey R and Shreya Sengupta 2016 Ramachar – A New species Record of Tripospermum melghatensis- A new fungus from India”. Journal on New Biological anamorphic fungus from Melghat Tiger Reports 2(2) 124:126. Reserve, Maharashtra, India. JNBR 5(2) 103- Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2013 g Vizella 105. oleariae Swart Infecting Ixora coccinea L. - A Ellis M B 1971 Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes. New Record of Ascomycetes for India. In Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew Journal of Mycology and Plant Pathology. 43 Surrey, England. (3) 399-400. Ellis M B 1976 More Dematiaceous Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2014 Hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Sheathnema indicum gen. et sp. nov.- a new Institute, Kew Surrey, England. sooty mold fungus from Northern Western Jamaluddin, Goswami M G and Ojha B M Ghats, India. - Journal of Threatened taxa- 2004 Fungi of India. 1989-2001. Scientific 6(12) 6549-6555. Publishers, Jodhpur. Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2014a Maheswari U C, Sharma R K, Kamil D and Goosiomyces bambusicola - A new Prameela D T 2012 Herbarium Crytogamae cheirosporous anamorphic species from Indiae Orientalis (HCIO): Catalogue of fungal Western Ghats, India. Current Research in specimens, Vol. 1, Indian Agricultural Environment and & Applied Mycology Research Institute, New Delhi, India 102 pp. (CREAM) 4(2) 211-216. Dubey R and Moonambeth N A 2014b Vermiculariopsiella papaye sp. nov.- A new