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Centro De Investigación Científica De Yucatán, A.C. Posgrado En Ciencias Biológicas

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Centro De Investigación Científica De Yucatán, A.C. Posgrado En Ciencias Biológicas ·:. (. POSGRADO EN ~ ) CIENCIAS CICY ( BIOLÓGICAS Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas SELECCIÓN DEL SITIO DE ANIDACIÓN Y ÉXITO DE ANIDACIÓN DEL COLIBRÍ COLA HENDIDA (Doricha eliza} EN LA PENÍNSULA DE YUCATÁN, MÉXICO. Tesis que presenta JOEL FRANCISCO ORTEGA PIMIENTA En opción al tí tu lo de MAESTRO EN CIENCIAS (Ciencias Biológicas: Opción Recursos Naturales) ~c\ON CiE/1¡.,., ~'r' '/¡C'; /~ ~ ~ Mérida, Yucatán, México. Marzo de 2014 !P ~~ ~<2. <:.- ~~ 1'' - C1!':~J.,. :r''>:.":? ~ u_¡ '--'~-· - • ~ '- Cl ·--... ·r;p CJ o -..~~~ .:e,. (:C. ~~- $! ~ -~ ~~ cxcy · r:>~ CENTRO DE INVESTIGACIÓN CIENTÍFICA DE YUCATÁN, A. C. POSGRADO EN CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ...~:; ~ ( POSGRAOO EN ) CIENCIAS CICY ( BIOLÓGICAS RECONOCIMIENTO Por medio de la presente, hago constar que el trabajo de tesis titulado "Selección del sitio de anidación y éxito de anidación del colibrí cola hendida (Doricha eliza) en la Península de Yucatán, México" fue realizado en los laboratorios de la Unidad de Recursos Naturales del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C. bajo la dirección de la Dra. Eurídice Leyequién Abarca y el Dr. Raúl Ortiz Pulido, dentro de la Opción de Recursos Naturales, perteneciente al Programa de Posgrado en Ciencias Biológicas de este Centro. Atentamente, sto Vázquez Flota Coordinador de Docencia / ----------- ---- Mérida, Yucatán, México; marzo del 2014. DECLARACIÓN DE PROPIEDAD Declaro que la información contenida en la sección de Materiales y Métodos Experimentales, los Resultados y Discusión de este documento proviene de las actividades de experimentación realizadas durante el período que se me asignó para desarrollar mi trabajo de tesis en las Unidades y Laboratorios del Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., y que a razón de lo anterior y en contraprestación de los servicios educativos o de apoyo que me fueron brindados, dicha información, en términos de la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor y la Ley de la Propiedad Industrial, le pertenece patrimonialmente a dicho Centro de Investigación. Por otra parte, en virtud de lo ya manifestado, reconozco que de igual manera los productos intelectuales o desarrollos tecnológicos que deriven o pudieran derivar de lo correspondiente a dicha información le pertenecen patrimonialmente al Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., y en el mismo tenor, reconozco que si derivasen de este trabajo productos intelectuales o desarrollos tecnológicos, en lo especial, estos se regirán en todo caso por lo dispuesto por la Ley Federal del Derecho de Autor y la Ley de la Propiedad Industrial, en el tenor de lo expuesto en la presente Declaración. Jo e DEDICATORIA A mi familia y amigos ----------------------------------- - AGRADECIMIENTOS Al Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología por otorgarme la beca número 326487 durante la realización de la Maestría y por otorgarme una beca mixta para realizar una estancia académica. Al Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A. C. y a la Unidad de Recursos Naturales por las facilidades brindadas durante mis estudios de posgrado y por otorgarme una beca de movilidad para realizar una estancia académica. A mis directores de tesis, la Dra. Eurídice Leyequién Abarca y Dr. Raúl Ortíz Pulido por su apoyo y orientación académica. A los miembros de mi Comité tutorial, Dr. Juan Manuel Dupuy y M. C. Jorge Montero Muñoz por su asesoría académica. A los miembros del jurado Dra. Eurídice Leyequién Abarca, Dr. Raúl Ortíz Pulido, Dr. Juan Manuel Dupuy, M. C. Jorge Montero Muñoz y Dra. Luz María Calvo lrabién por la revisión y comentarios al documento de tesis. A Waldemar Santamaría, Saúl Ojeda, Osear Euán y Rosalina Rodríguez por su ayuda con el trabajo de campo. A Filogonio May Pat y José Luis Tapia por su ayuda con la identificación de plantas. Al Dr. Christopher J. Clark, Dr. Harold Grenney, Dr. Román Díaz Valenzuela y a Erick Martínez por sus comentarios y observaciones que enriquecieron el trabajo de tesis. A la M. C. María Andrade Hernández por brindarme las facilidades para usar la estación de campo de PRONATURA en Celestún. A todos mis compañeros de posgrado del CICY por su amistad y apoyo durante todo el proceso de Maestría. A Ana G. Covarrubias por su ayuda y respaldo en todas las etapas de la Maestría. ------ -- Índice ÍNDICE GENERAL PÁGINA ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS ........................................... .......................................................... iii ÍNDICE DE CUADROS ................................................................................................... v RESUMEN ................................................. ..................................................................... 1 ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................... 3 CAPÍTULO 1 .................................................................... ................................................ 5 INTRODUCCIÓN ............................................................ .................. ........................ 5 ANTECEDENTES GENERALES .................. ...................... ................................. ... .. 7 Clasificación y características ecológicas de Jos colibríes ..................................... 7 El colibrí cola hendida (Dorícha eliza) ................................................. ............... 8 Selección del sitio de anidación ........................................................... .. ............... 1 O Éxito de anidación ...............................................· ...... ............................ ........... 11 Vegetación de duna costera y de manglar ............................................................. 12 PREGUNTAS DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y PREDICCIONES ........................................ 13 Preguntas de investigación ........................................ ............................................ 13 Predicciones .. ........................................................ .. .............................................. 14 OBJETIVOS ................ ................. ... ............................................................... 14 Objetivo general .................................................................................... ................. 14 Objetivos particulares ............. ....... ..................................................................... ... 14 ESTRATEGIA DE INVESTIGACIÓN ...... .. ................................................................ 14 BIBLIOGRAFÍA .................................................................... .................................... 15 CAPÍTULO 11 . BREEDING BIOLOGY, DISTRIBUTION ANO ECOLOGY OF THE MEXICAN SHEARTAIL (Doricha eliza) IN THE YUCATAN PENINSULA, MEXICO ...... 21 INTRODUCTION ......... ....................................................... .......................... 21 METHODS ..................... ............... ... ........................................................... 23 RESULTS ........................... .. .......... ................................. .. ........ ................. 25 DISCUSSION ............................................ .................................................. 30 LITERATURE CITE O .................. .... ................... .... ............ ........................... 35 CAPÍTULO 111. NEST-SITE SELECTION ANO NEST SURVIVAL OF THE MEXICAN SHEARTAIL (Doricha elíza) IN THE YUCATAN PENINSULA, MEXICO ........................ 41 INTRODUCTION ..................... ............ ......................................................... 41 METHODS ................................................... ............................................... 42 RESULTS .............................. ............... ... ......... .......................................... 46 DISCUSSION .............................. ......... ....................................................... 46 LITERATU RE CITED ............... ....... ........ ...................................................... 50 CAPÍTULO IV. CONCLUSIONES GENERALES Y PERSPECTIVAS ........................... 55 CONCLUSIONES ..... .................................................................... ............................. 55 PERSPECTIVAS ................ .. .. .. .. ....... ........................................................ ................ 56 ANEXOS ......................................................................................................... 59 Índice ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figure 2.1. Map of north Yucatan Península, showing the extent of occurrence of the Mexican Sheartail ....... .............. .................................. ...... ....... .. ............... 23 Figure 3.1. Location of the study areas in the northwest of the Y u catan Península Mexico ......... ........................ ........................ ... ................. ................... .. 43 Figure 3.2. Map of the distribution of nests found within the Telchac Puerto study area ...................... ...................... .................... .... ......................... ............... 47 Figure 3.3. Nest orientation in relation to the center of the nest substrate (A). Orientation of wind direction (B) .......................................................... ... .. .. .49 ¡¡¡ Índice ÍNDICE DE CUADROS Table 2.1. Mexican Sheartail nest and nest patch reuse after at least one breeding attempt in the Y u catan Península, Mexico . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 27 Table 2.2. Plants species whose flowers were visited by Mexican
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