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Colibríes De México Y Norteamérica María del Coro Arizmendi y Humberto Berlanga con ilustraciones de Marco Antonio Pineda María del Coro Arizmendi Arriaga Doctora en Ecología egresada de la UNAM. Colibríes Ornitóloga con especialidad en el estudio de de México y Norteamérica la ecología de las aves, la interacción de las aves con las plantas y la conservación de las aves. Profesora de tiempo completo denitiva en la Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala, UNAM. Ha publicado 40 artículos indizados internacionales, cuatro libros y ha dirigido el trabajo de tesis de 31 estudiantes de licenciatura, 15 de maestría y dos de doctorado. Es miembro del Sistema Nacional de Investigadores obteniendo el nivel II en 2009. Es el punto focal de México en la iniciativa para la conservación de los polinizadores (NAPPC por sus siglas en inglés). Es parte del comité directivo del Western Hummingbird Partnership y de Hummingbird Monitoring Network. Forma parte del comité consultivo de NABCI desde 1999 participando en el comité nacional y en el trinacional. Coordinó en sus inicios el programa de Áreas de Importancia para la Conservación de las Aves en México (AICAS) publicando el directorio nacional en el año 2000. Actualmente es coordinadora del Posgrado Hummingbirds en Ciencias Biológicas, UNAM. of Mexico and North America Colibríes de México y Norteamérica Hummingbirds of Mexico and North America María del Coro Arizmendi y Humberto Berlanga con ilustraciones de Marco Antonio Pineda Primera edición, marzo 2014 D.R. © 2014, Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Liga Periférico-Insurgentes Sur 4903, Parques del Pedregal Tlalpan, 14010 México, D.F. www.conabio.gob.mx / www.biodiversidad.gob.mx Forma de citar: Arizmendi, M.C. y H. Berlanga. 2014. Colibríes de México y Norteamérica. Hummingbirds of Mexico and North America. CONABIO. México. 160 pp. Coordinación editorial y revisión de textos: Carlos Galindo Leal Traducción: Keith McMillan, Humberto Berlanga y Ma. del Coro Arizmendi Diseño editorial, digitalización e ilustraciones adicionales: Bernardo Terroba Arechavala Formación: Bernardo Terroba Arechavala y Shalom Josefina Pérez González Ilustraciones: Marco Antonio Pineda Maldonado Mapas: Victor Manuel Vargas Canales Prohibida la reproducción total o parcial de esta obra, incluido el diseño editorial y de portada. ISBN 978-607-8328-03-1 Editado e impreso en México A Valentina y Coro A Sofía y Emilia 5 Índice Contents 13 Introducción / Introduction 14 Historia natural / Natural history 16 Alimentación / Feeding 19 Reproducción / Reproduction 20 Patrones de diversidad / Patterns of diversity 21 Migración / Migration 22 Importancia ecológica / Ecological importance 23 Importancia cultural / Cultural significance 24 Observación de colibríes / Observing hummingbirds 25 Bebederos artificiales / Artificial feeders 26 El jardín para colibríes / The hummingbird garden 28 Cómo usar esta guía / How to use this guide 29 Topografía del colibrí / hummingbird topography 30 Cómo y qué observar en los colibríes / How and what to observe in hummingbirds 34 Mapas de distribución / Range maps 37 Colibríes de México y Norteamérica / Hummingbirds of Mexico and North America 153 Índice de especies / Species index 157 Referencias / References 6 Agradecimientos Queremos expresar nuestro sincero y profundo agradecimiento a la CONABIO por el apoyo total para la edición e impresión de esta obra. Al Dr. Carlos Galindo Leal por creer en este libro y por adoptarlo como parte de los proyectos de comunicación científica de la CONABIO. A Bernardo Terroba por el espléndido trabajo de diseño editorial y Laura Cárdenas por ayudarnos con todo lo relacionado con las ilustra- ciones de los colibríes. Al equipo de trabajo del laboratorio de María del Coro Arizmendi en la UNAM: a Claudia I. Rodríguez Flores y a Carlos A. Soberanes González, por su trabajo en la elaboración de las fichas técnicas de las especies, al igual que a María Félix Ramos Ordoñez, Sarahy Contreras Martínez y Laura Márquez Valdelamar, porque todos ellos, en diferentes momentos, aportaron mucho del conocimiento original contenido en este trabajo. Al equipo de la Coordinación de NABCI de la CONABIO, en particular a Vicente Rodríguez Contreras, Fernando Puebla, Luis Antonio Sánchez González y Héctor Acknowledgements We want to thank deeply the total support received from Conabio for editing and publishing this book. To Dr. Carlos Galindo Leal for his trust and support to this work and for the adoption of this book as a communication project of Conabio. To Bernardo Terroba for the editorial design work and Laura Cárdenas for helping in all aspects related to the hummingbird drawings. To the team working at the lab of María del Coro Arizmendi at UNAM: to Claudia I. Rodríguez Flores and Carlos A. Soberanes González for their work in the prepara- tion of the technical descriptions of the species, and to María Felix Ramos Ordoñez, Sarahy Contreras Martínez and Laura Márquez Valdelamar, because all of them in different moments of the project contributed to the original knowledge contained in this book. To the team of the NABCI coordination at CONABIO, in particular to Vicente Rodríguez Contreras, Fernando Puebla, Luis Antonio Sánchez González and Héctor Gómez de Silva, for their thoughts, suggestions and reviews and for their 7 Gómez de Silva, por sus ideas, sugerencias, revisiones y por su trabajo en la pre- paración de los mapas de distribución de las especies que corrió a cargo de Víctor Vargas Canales. A Juan Francisco Ornelas Rodríguez por escribir el prólogo del libro, pero sobre todo por sus ejemplos, enseñanzas, paciencia y amistad. A nuestras familias y a nuestros amigos, los de siempre, los de antes y los de ahora, por su confianza y cariño y por las experiencias compartidas a lo largo de los años, porque sin duda alguna han sido determinantes en nuestra vida y nuestra trayectoria profesional. Al Dr. Eduardo Íñigo Elías del laboratorio de ornitología de Cornell y a los muchos colegas que, conscientes o no, han contribuido de manera anónima con este tra- bajo a través de charlas y discusiones, de compartir ideas y sobre todo, la pasión por el estudio, conocimiento y conservación de los colibríes y de todas las aves de México. Por último reconocemos el financiamiento de la UNAM (DGAPA PAPIIT IN 200809 y IN277511-3) para el trabajo de campo y gabinete. work in the elaboration of the distributional maps of the species that was done by Víctor Vargas Canales. To Juan Francisco Ornelas Rodríguez for writing the prologue of the book, but also and more, for being our teacher and overall our friend. To our families and friends, the forever ones, the old and the new friends, for their trust, love and for all the shared experiences that along the years have been essen- tial in determining our personal and professional lives. To Dr. Eduardo Íñigo Elías from Cornell Lab of ornithology and to all our colleagues that knowing or not, have contributed in an anonymous way with this work, through talks, discussions and by sharing ideas, but above all by sharing the passion for the knowledge and conservation of the hummingbirds as well as for Mexican birds. At last we want to thank the financial support of UNAM (DGAPA PAPIIT IN 200809 and IN277511-3) for field and lab work. 8 Prólogo En 1983, recién egresado de la universidad, me contrató la Dra. Lourdes Navarijo, curadora de la colección ornitológica del Instituto de Biología, UNAM, como colec- tor científico en un proyecto gestado por el Dr. José Sarukhán (entonces Director del Instituto) y financiado por el Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT). El financiamiento del proyecto se otorgó fundamentalmente para incrementar el acervo de las colecciones científicas del Instituto de Biología, UNAM. Con dinero para viáticos, atún y un salario digamos modesto, inicié un recorrido alucinante por nuestro país con el propósito en mi caso de colectar cuanto colibrí cayese en las redes de niebla. Pocos meses después de haber iniciado este recorrido me gradué con una tesis sin ton ni son sobre los colibríes capturados y su distribución, pero con muchos ejemplares con datos en las etiquetas y con el redescubrimiento de una especie de colibrí cuyo reporte sería mi primer publicación. A unos meses de haberme graduado, llegaron a la colección dos güeritos (rubios) de la Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM a realizar su servicio social –y de ser posible su tesis de licencia- tura– por una recomendación del ahora Dr. Alejandro Espinosa de los Monteros quién también para entonces ya era asalariado pobre del proyecto CONACyT. Foreword In 1983, just out of college, I was taken on by Dr. Lourdes Navarijo, curator of the ornithological collection of the Institute of Biology, UNAM, as a scientific collector in a project managed by Dr. José Sarukhan (then Director of the Institute) and fund- ed by the National Council for Science and Technology (CONACYT, by its Spanish acronym). Project funding was directed primarily towards enhancing the scientific collections of the Institute. With an expense allowance, tuna and a salary, albeit modest, I began an amazing journey through Mexico collecting every hummingbird that strayed into the mist net. A few months into this journey, I graduated with a thesis about the captured hummingbirds and their distribution, with no particular justification but many specimens with data on the labels and with the rediscovery of a species of hummingbird, the report of which would be my first publication. A few months after I graduated, two güeritos from the Faculty of Sciences, UNAM, arrived at the collection in order to carry out their social service –and also their Bachelors theses– by recommendation of the now Dr. Alejandro Espinosa de los Monteros, who was by then also a lowly employee of the CONACyT project. That meeting was to mark our lives and, in the journey through Mexico and through 9 Ese encuentro marcó nuestras vidas y en el recorrido por el país y nuestras vidas –en la academia y fuera de ella– nos volvemos a encontrar en el prólogo de esta obra que presentan.
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