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Agama Buddha Dan Kesetaraan Gender Hak Cipta © 2015 pada Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Dilindungi Undang-Undang MILIK NEGARA TIDAK DIPERDAGANGKAN Disklaimer: Buku ini merupakan buku siswa yang dipersiapkan Pemerintah dalam rangka implementasi Kurikulum 2013. Buku siswa ini disusun dan ditelaah oleh berbagai pihak di bawah koordinasi Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, dan dipergunakan dalam tahap awal penerapan Kurikulum 2013. Buku ini merupakan “dokumen hidup” yang senantiasa diperbaiki, diperbaharui, dan dimutakhirkan sesuai dengan dinamika kebutuhan dan perubahan zaman. Masukan dari berbagai kalangan diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas buku ini. Katalog Dalam Terbitan (KDT) Indonesia. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Pendidikan Agama Buddha dan Budi Pekerti / Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan.— Jakarta : Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, 2015. vi, 218 hlm. : ilus. ; 25 cm. Untuk SMP Kelas IX ISBN 978-602-282-059-8 (jilid lengkap) ISBN 978-602-282-062-8 (jilid 3) 1. Buddha -- Studi dan Pengajaran I. Judul II. Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan 294.3 Kontributor Naskah : Sulan dan Karsan Penelaah : Bhikkhu Nyana Suryanadi Mahathera, Jo Priastana, Wiryanto, dan www.ebookanak.comIngawati salim Penyelia Penerbitan : Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan, Balitbang, Kemdikbud. Cetakan Ke-1, 2015 Disusun dengan huruf Times New Roman, 12 pt. Kata Pengantar Kurikulum 2013 dirancang sebagai kendaraan untuk mengantarkan siswa menuju penguasaan kompetensi sikap, pengetahuan, dan keterampilan. Pendekatan ini selaras dengan pandangan dalam agama Buddha bahwa belajar tidak hanya untuk mengetahui dan mengingat (pariyatti), tetapi juga untuk melaksanakan (patipatti), dan mencapai penembusan (pativedha). “Seseorang banyak membaca kitab suci, tetapi tidak berbuat sesuai dengan ajaran, orang yang lengah itu sama seperti gembala yang menghitung sapi milik orang lain, ia tidak akan memperolah manfaat kehidupan suci.” (Dhp.19). Untuk memastikan keseimbangan dan keutuhan ketiga ranah tersebut, pendidikan agama perlu diberi penekanan khusus terkait dengan pembentukan budi pekerti, yaitu sikap atau perilaku seseorang dalam hubungannya dengan diri sendiri, keluarga, masyarakat dan bangsa, serta alam sekitar. Proses pembelajarannya mesti mengantar mereka dari pengetahuan tentang kebaikan, lalu menimbulkan komitmen terhadap kebaikan, dan akhirnya benar-benar melakukan kebaikan. Dalam ungkapan Buddhanya, “Pengetahuan saja tidak akan membuat orang terbebas dari penderitaan, tetapi ia juga harus melaksanakannya” (Sn. 789). Buku Pendidikan Agama Buddha dan Budi Pekerti Kelas IX ini ditulis dengan semangat itu. Pembelajarannya dibagi ke dalam beberapa kegiatan keagamaan yang harus dilakukan siswa dalam usaha memahami pengetahuan agamanya dan mengaktualisasikannya dalam tindakan nyata dan sikap keseharian, baik dalam bentuk ibadah ritual maupun ibadah sosial. Peran guru sangat penting untuk meningkatkan dan menyesuaikan daya serap siswa dengan ketersediaan kegiatan yang ada pada buku ini. Guru dapat memperkayanya secara kreatif dengan kegiatan-kegiatan lain, melalui sumber lingkungan alam, sosial, dan budaya sekitar. Sebagai edisi pertama, buku ini sangat terbuka terhadap masukan dan akan terus diperbaiki dan disempurnakan. Oleh karena itu, kami mengundang para pembaca untuk memberikan kritik, saran dan masukan guna perbaikan dan penyempurnaan edisi berikutnya. Atas kontribusi itu, kami mengucapkan terima kasih. Mudah- mudahan kita dapat memberikan yang terbaik bagi kemajuan dunia pendidikan dalam rangka mempersiapkan generasi seratus tahun Indonesia Merdeka (2045). Jakarta, Januari 2015 Menteri Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Pendidikan Agama Buddha dan Budi Pekerti iii Daftar Isi Kata Pengantar ..................................................................................... iii Daftar Isi ........................................................................................... v Kata Pengantar Penulis ....................................................................... viii Bab I: Sang Buddha Parinibbana ..................................................... 1 A. Perjalanan Menuju Kusinara ............................................... 2 B. Makanan Terakhir Sang Buddha ......................................... 5 C. Tempat Suci untuk Menghormati Sang Buddha .................. 8 D. Nasihat Terakhir dan Parinibbana ....................................... 12 E. Perabuan Jenazah Sang Buddha .......................................... 17 F. Pembagian Relik Sang Buddha ........................................... 23 G. Menghormati Relik Sang Buddha ....................................... 27 Rangkuman ........................................................................................... 32 Penilaian kompetensi ............................................................................. 33 Tugas ........................................................................................... 34 Bab II: Hak Asasi Manusia Dalam Agama Buddha ......................... 37 A. Susunan Masyarakat Buddhis ............................................. 38 B. Hukum dalam Agama Buddha ............................................ 46 C. Hak Asasi Manusia dalam Agama Buddha ......................... 50 D. Prinsip-Prinsip Hak Asasi Manusia .................................... 53 Rangkuman ........................................................................................... 57 Penilaian kompetensi .............................................................................. 58 Tugas ........................................................................................... 58 Bab III: Agama Buddha dan Kesetaraan Gender ........................... 61 A. Pengertian Gender ............................................................... 62 B. Status Perempuan dalam Agama Buddha ........................... 63 C. Sang Buddha Mengangkat Martabat Kaum Perempuan ..... 64 Rangkuman ........................................................................................... 66 Penilaian kompetensi .............................................................................. 67 Tugas ........................................................................................... 67 Kelas IX SMP iv Bab IV: Tokoh Buddhis Dalam Kesetaraan Gender ......................... 69 A. Prajapati Gotami Pejuang Sangha Bhikkhuni ..................... 70 B. Kisah Ratu Khema .............................................................. 78 C. Kisah Upalavana ................................................................. 83 D. Kartini, Pejuang Kesetaraan Gender ................................... 86 E. Hak-hak Perempuan dalam Perjuangan Kartini .................. 92 Rangkuman ........................................................................................... 97 Penilaian ........................................................................................... 99 Tugas ........................................................................................... 100 Bab V: Perdamaian Dalam Agama Buddha ...................................... 103 A. Damai Itu Indah .................................................................. 105 B. Hiri-Ottappa dan Perdamaian Dunia ................................... 109 C. Pemimpin yang Damai ........................................................ 111 Rangkuman ........................................................................................... 118 Penilaian ........................................................................................... 119 Tugas ........................................................................................... 119 Bab VI: Tokoh Perdamaian Dunia ...................................................... 121 A. Damai Bersama Sang Buddha ............................................ 122 B. Damai Bersama Y.M. Dalai Lama ...................................... 126 C. Damai Bersama Raja Bhutan .............................................. 130 D. Damai Bersama Master Zen Thich Nhat Hanh ................... 132 E. Damai Bersama Prof. Dr (HC) Venerable Master Chin Kung ............................................................... 134 F. Perdamaian dalam Kisah Jataka .......................................... 137 Rangkuman ........................................................................................... 142 Penilaian ........................................................................................... 143 Tugas ........................................................................................... 143 Bab VII: Memahami Mmeditasi Ketenangan ................................... 147 A. Pengertian Meditasi ............................................................ 150 B. Manfaat Meditasi ................................................................ 150 C. Persiapan Meditasi .............................................................. 153 D. Waktu dan Posisi Meditasi .................................................. 154 E. Karakter (Carita) ................................................................. 158 F. Objek Meditasi ..................................................................... 161 Pendidikan Agama Buddha dan Budi Pekerti v G. Rintangan Meditasi ............................................................. 164 H. Gangguan Meditasi ............................................................. 167 I. Tujuan Meditasi .................................................................. 168 Rangkuman ........................................................................................... 172 Penilaian
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