14Th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women Karma Lekshe Tsomo University of San Diego, [email protected]
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University of San Diego Digital USD Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Department of Theology and Religious Studies Scholarship 6-2015 Compassion & Social Justice: 14th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women Karma Lekshe Tsomo University of San Diego, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty Part of the Buddhist Studies Commons, and the Religious Thought, Theology and Philosophy of Religion Commons Digital USD Citation Tsomo, Karma Lekshe, "Compassion & Social Justice: 14th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women" (2015). Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship. 5. https://digital.sandiego.edu/thrs-faculty/5 This Conference Proceeding is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Theology and Religious Studies at Digital USD. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theology and Religious Studies: Faculty Scholarship by an authorized administrator of Digital USD. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Sakyadhita 14th International Conference on Buddhist Women “Compassion and Social Justice” Yogyakarta, Indonesia June 23 to 30, 2015 COMPASSION & SOCIAL JUSTICE Edited by Karma Lekshe Tsomo PUBLISHED BY Sakyadhita Yogyakarta, Indonesia © Copyright 2015 Karma Lekshe Tsomo No part of this book may be used or reproduced in any manner whatsoever without written permission. No part of this book may be stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means including electronic, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior permission in writing of the editor. CONTENTS PREFACE ix BUDDHIST WOMEN OF INDONESIA The New Space for Peranakan Chinese Woman in Late Colonial Indonesia: Tjoa Hin Hoaij in the Historiography of Buddhism 1 Yulianti Bhikkhuni Jinakumari and the Early Indonesian Buddhist Nuns 7 Medya Silvita Ibu Parvati: An Indonesian Buddhist Pioneer 13 Heru Suherman Lim Indonesian Women’s Roles in Buddhist Education 17 Bhiksuni Zong Kai Indonesian Women and Buddhist Social Service 22 Dian Pratiwi COMPASSION & INNER TRANSFORMATION Yuanwu Keqin’s Chan Praxis: Teaching for Women 25 Fen-Jin Wu The Rearranged Roles of Buddhist Nuns in the Modern Korean Sangha: A Case Study of Practicing Compassion 30 Hyo Seok Sunim Vipassana and Pain: A Case Study of Taiwanese Female Buddhists Who Practice Vipassana Shiou-Ding Shi 34 Buddhist and Living with HIV: Two Life Stories from Taiwan 39 Wei-yi Cheng Teaching Dharma in Prison 48 Robina Courtin iii INDONESIAN BUDDHIST WOMEN IN HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE Light of the Kilis: Our Javanese Bhikkhuni Foremothers 52 Bhikkhuni Tathaaloka Buddhist Women of Indonesia: Diversity and Social Justice 62 Karma Lekshe Tsomo Establishing the Bhikkhuni Sangha in Indonesia: Obstacles and Opportunities 69 Ayya Santini Images of Women in Contemporary Indonesian Buddhist Short Stories 72 Latifah and Ary Budiyanto BUDDHIST CULTURE IN INDONESIA Bedhaya Ketawang: A Sacred Dance of Mystical Union of The Ruler of the Land and the Ruler of the Sea 81 Parwatri Wahjono Compassionate Legacy: Indonesian Influence on Buddhism in Tibet 82 Annie McGhee What is Borobudur? 88 Hudaya Kandahjaya The Karmavibhanga Reliefs of Borobudur: Unveiling Their Moral and Social Value 94 Kustiani Ruwat-Rawat Borobudur: An Annual Cultural Event that Celebrates Diversity and Multiculturalism 97 Wilis Rengganiasih Endah Ekowati THE GLOBALIZATION OF BUDDHISM The Pearl in the Bubble Tea: Buddhist Women and Social Change 102 Malia Dominica Wong The Modern Girl as an Upâsikâ: Recovering the Women in Buddhist Modernisms 108 Amy Holmes-Tagchungdarpa iv Gender and the Cybersangha: Buddhist Women’s Online Activism and Practice 115 Emma Tomalin, Caroline Starkey, and Anna Halofoff Some Challenges Facing Non-Himalayan Nuns in the Tibetan Buddhist Tradition 123 Tenzin Palmo The Universality of Buddhism: Proposing a Sakyadhita Sangha 127 SungJa Cho IMPLEMENTING COMPASSION & SOCIAL JUSTICE Creative Activity and Social Justice 134 Arahmaiani Feisal Defending the Environment in Courts: Jiyul Sunim’s Journey with the Law 140 Lina Koleilat Managing Sexual Harassment and Child Abuse: A Coordinated Approach 144 Diana Cousens Indian Buddhist Women Followers of Dr. B. R. Ambedkar 149 Minal Wankhede Barsagade and Sangita Meshram Linking Compassion to Social Policy 152 Lenny Hidayat DIVERSITY & MULTICULTURALISM Avalokiteœvara’s Embrace of Diversity: Respect and Empathy 161 Hsiao-Lan Hu An Emerging Alliance: The Diverse Family Formation Bill and Buddhist Gender Justice in Taiwan 168 Chang Shen Shi A Narrative Analysis of Buddhist Discourse on Gay Marriage in Taiwan: A Case Study of Master Chao Hwei 174 Chih Yin Shi Buddhism and Sexual Diversity in Germany 180 Rotraut (Jampa) Wurst v BHIKKHUNI ORDINATION: BENEFITS & BARRIERS A Comparative Study of the Theravâda Bhikkhu and Bhikkhuni Pâtimokkas 184 Nishadini Peiris Bhikkhunî Ordination in India: Benefits and Barriers 191 Bhikkhuni Suniti Controversies and Prospects: Issues Surrounding the Establishment of the Female Monastic Sangha in Bangladesh 196 B. D. Dipananda Bhikkhunî Ordination in Thailand, 2014 206 Bhikkhuni Dhammananda (Chatsumarn Kabilsingh) The Imaginarium of the Nuns: Days Past and Futures Yet to Be 212 Bhikkhu Sujato EQUALITY, RESPECT & LAY/MONASTIC RELATIONS Pious Lady, Noble Woman: Relationships between Lay Women and Nuns as Narrated and Prescribed in the Mahasanghika-lokottaravada Bhiksuni Vinaya 217 Amy Paris Langenberg The Buddhist Nun as a Military Hero in the “Tale of Master Chaun” 222 Hyangsoon Yi Noblewomen and Monks: Lay-Monastic Relations in the Early Choson Dynasty 228 Soun Sunim Bridging the Lay-Monastic Divide: Women’s Religious Leadership in Tibet 233 Pema Khandro The Invisible Majority: Conversations with Young Adult Asian American Buddhists 240 Chenxing Han THE FUTURE OF BUDDHIST FEMINISM Emergent Buddhist Women’s Leadership: Competing Feminist Views at the Intersection of the Sacred and the Profane 246 Carol L. Winkelmann vi The Uncomfortable Relationship Between the Self-Management Boom and Feminism in Korea 253 Seokjoo Kang Unveiling the Lives of Great Female Masters of Bhutan 257 Sonam Wangmo (Tenzin Dadon) The Real Problem Regarding Buddhist Women and Gender Justice: Gender-Neutral Models of Humanity 271 Rita Gross BUDDHIST WOMEN & COMPASSIONATE ACTIVISM Leaving Family Behind: Lessons of Love and Loss from the Buddha’s Hagiography 276 Vanessa R. Sasson Compassion and Social Engagement: Interdependent Paradigms for Vietnamese Buddhist Women 281 Thich Nu Nhu Nguyet Mahakaruna of Prajnaparamita: The Divine Feminine and Compassionate Activism in the 21st Century 286 Neela Bhattacharya Saxena IN THE SPIRIT OF COMPASSION The Healing Power of Compassion in the Stories of the Buddha’s First Daughters 291 Karen Lang Loving Speech and Right Speech in Relation to Nonviolent Communications 299 Bhikkhuni Dhammananda (Pham Thi Minh Hoa) Gendering Nyungne: The Tibetan Buddhist Fasting Ritual 303 Darcie Price-Wallace Compassion: The Path to Resilience 311 Teresa Sivilli vii BREAKTHROUGHS IN BUDDHIST EDUCATION Literacy and the Education of Bhikkhunis in Early Chinese Buddhism 316 Jeong Wan Sunim Chin Hui Pitt: An Exemplary Buddhist Woman Educator in Singapore 321 Zhen Yuan Shi The Significance of Bhiksuni Hiu Wan’s Prajna Chan, Compassion and Art for Modern-day Education 326 Sheng Ying Shi Buddhist Schools in Australia: Buddhist Women’s Roles 330 Thich Nu Phuoc Uyen CONTRIBUTORS 337 viii PREFACE The 14th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, is an extraordinary crosscultural opportunity. Focusing on the theme “Compassion and Social Justice,” the conference introduces activists of the social justice movements in Indonesia and other Asian countries to Buddhist feminist wisdom, social analysis, lives, and experiences. At the same time, it introduce Buddhist communities to Indonesian activists and local social justice movements. The conference provides a space for attendees, volunteers, interpreters, and seminar and workshop presenters of different backgrounds to interact and break down perceived barriers. It creates a foundation for future collaborations among Buddhist feminists and social justice activists and encourages women’s groups in Indonesia to include feminist Buddhist views in their future programs and activities on pluralism. The papers in this collection celebrate the many contributions Buddhist women have made to the spiritual and social lives of people in their communities around the world. As at previous Sakyadhita International Conferences on Buddhist Women, the gathering includes meditation, panel discussions, workshops, artwork, cultural performances, and tours. This conference also highlights the achievements of Buddhist lay and monastic women and their ongoing struggles for human rights and gender equity. The aim is to expand Buddhist women’s awareness of the social and political processes that shape their communities and global society. Buddhist women’s spirituality, for example, is not typically included in the negotiation processes among government officials, scholars, social activists, and religious leaders who meet to discuss humanity’s collective future. Most decision makers and social justice movements are not familiar with the work of Buddhist women. Similarly, most Buddhist women are not familiar with the larger social, economic, and political complexities that affect their daily lives. Due to their unfortunate circumstances (poverty, illiteracy, political oppression, and so