Inter-parliamentary Conference for the Common Foreign and Security Policy (CFSP) and the Common Security and Defence Policy (CSDP), 5-6 September 2019 Speakers’ biographies (in order of appearance)

Tuula Haatainen is Deputy Speaker of the Parliament of . She has been a member of the Finnish Parliament with the Social Democratic Party since 2015, and in 1996-2007. Haatainen has also been the Minister of Education (2003–2005) and the Minister of Social Affairs and Health (2005–2007). She was a member of the City Council of Helsinki in 1989-2007, and was chosen as the Deputy Mayor of Helsinki in 2007.

Mika Niikko is Chairman of the Foreign Affairs Committee of the . He has been a member of the Finnish Parliament with the Finns Party since 2011. He has been a member of the city council of Vantaa since 2009. Previously, he has served as the Managing Director of the youth foundation Takaisin elämään ry (Back to life), which he founded in 2000 to help young people struggling with crises and substance abuse.

Ilkka Kanerva is the Chairman of the Defence Committee of the Parliament of Finland, and has been a member of the Parliament since 1975. He has also been Minister in the Ministry of Finance (1989-1995), Minister of Transport (1990- 1991), Deputy Prime Minister (1991) and Minister for Foreign Affairs (2007-2008). During the Finnish OSCE Chairmanship in 2008, Kanerva was the Chairman-in- Office of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe for 2008. He also served as the president of the OSCE Parliamentary Assembly of the OSCE in 2014-2016.

David McAllister is a Member of the European Parliament since 2014 and Vice President of the European People’s Party (EPP). He chairs the Committee on Foreign Affairs in the European Parliament since 2017. His political career began in 1998, when he was elected as a member of the State Parliament of Niedersachsen. A lawyer by profession, he served as Chairman of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU) Group in the Lower Saxon Parliament from 2003 to 2010, and was Chairman of the state party in 2008-2016. In 2010 McAllister was elected Minister-President of Lower Saxony, a position which he held until 2013.

Sauli Niinistö is the 12th President of the Republic of Finland. He was re-elected for another six-year term in January 2018. He was a Member of the Parliament of Finland in 1987-2003 and in 2007-2011. Niinistö was Speaker of Parliament in 2007-2011. He has also served as Minister of Justice (1995-1996), Deputy Prime Minister (1995-2001) and Minister of Finance (1996-2003). Niinistö was Chairman of the National Coalition Party from 1994 to 2001. He was also the Chairman of the European Democrat Union (EDU) from 1998 to 2002. In 2003, Niinistö took up the post of Vice President of the European Investment Bank in Luxembourg, where he worked until 2007. Federica Mogherini is the High Representative of the European Union for Foreign Affairs and Security Policy and Vice-President of the European Commission since 1st November 2014. She was the Italian Minister for Foreign Affairs from February to October 2014 and a Member of the Italian Parliament (Chamber of Deputies), where she was elected for the first time in 2008. During her terms in parliament, she was the Head of the Italian Delegation to the NATO Parliamentary Assembly and Vice-President of its Political Committee (2013-2014); member of the Italian Delegation to the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (2008-2013); Secretary of the Defence Committee (2008-2013) and member of the Foreign Affairs Committee.

Teija Tiilikainen is the Director of the Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA) since 2010. She is also Editor-in-Chief of Ulkopolitiikka – the Finnish Journal of Foreign Affairs. Tiilikainen is a part-time professor at the European University Institute in Florence, Italy and Vice-Chair of the Board of the University of Helsinki. Previously, Tiilikainen was the Director of the Network of European Studies at the University of Helsinki (2003-2009). She has also served as Secretary of State at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Finland from 2007 to 2008. Tiilikainen was the Special Representative of the Prime Minister of Finland in the Convention on the Future of Europe in 2003. Teija Tiilikainen has recently been appointed Director of the European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats (Hybrid CoE) for a five-year term.

Carl Bildt has served as Prime Minister (1991-1994) and Foreign Minister (2006- 2014) of Sweden. During his premiership Bildt’s government initiated major liberal economic reforms, as well as negotiated and signed Sweden’s membership agreement with the European Union. Subsequently, Bildt served in international functions with the EU and UN, primarily related to the conflicts in the Balkans. He was Co-Chairman of the Dayton peace talks on Bosnia and become the first High Representative in the country. Later, he was the Special Envoy of UN Secretary General Kofi Annan to the region. He is currently the co-chair of the European Council on Foreign Relations (ECFR).

Heather A. Conley is Senior Vice President for Europe, Eurasia, and the Arctic and Director of the Europe Program at The Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS). Prior to joining CSIS as a senior fellow and director for Europe in 2009, Conley served four years as executive director of the Office of the Chairman of the Board at the American National Red Cross. From 2001 to 2005, she was deputy assistant secretary of state in the Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs with responsibilities for U.S. bilateral relations with the countries of Northern and Central Europe. From 1994 to 2001, she was a senior associate with an international consulting firm led by former U.S. deputy secretary of state Richard L. Armitage. Conley began her career in the Bureau of Political-Military Affairs at the U.S. Department of State. She was then selected to serve as special assistant to the coordinator of U.S. assistance to the newly independent states of the former Soviet Union. She received her B.A. in international studies from West Virginia Wesleyan College and her M.A. in international relations from the Johns Hopkins University School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS). Robin Niblett became Director of Chatham House in January 2007. Previously he was Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of the Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) from 2001 to 2006. During his last two years at CSIS, he also served as Director of the CSIS Europe Program and its Initiative for a Renewed Transatlantic Partnership. He is a frequent panelist at conferences and events around the world and has testified on a number of occasions to the House of Commons Defence Select Committee and Foreign Affairs Committee, as well as US Senate and House of Representatives committees on European Affairs. He received his BA, MPhil and DPhil from Oxford University.

Janne Kuusela is the Director-General of the Defence Policy Department of the Ministry of Defence of Finland. He has held several positions within the Ministry of Defence, including Head of the Corporate Planning Unit (2012-2016), as well as specialist on European Security and Defense Policy (2001-2003) and Finland’s cooperation with NATO (2003-2006). In 2006-2009 he served as an Adviser at the Mission of Finland to NATO Headquarters. Kuusela holds a Master of Social Sciences from the University of Tampere. He has conducted graduate studies on International Relations in Berlin and Geneva, as well as post-graduate studies in the University of Helsinki. He has authored and co-authored numerous publications and articles on European Security and Defense Policy as well as Finland’s relations to NATO.

Nathalie Loiseau is a Member of European Parliament and Chair of the Subcommittee on Security and Defence (SEDE) since 2019. Previously, she was Minister for European Affairs of France (2017-2019) and Director of the French National School of Public Administration ENA (2012-2017). She joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs in 1986 where she held several positions, including Director-General for Administration and Modernization (2011-2012), Human Resources Director (2009-2011), Deputy Director for the Middle East and North Africa at the Central Administration (2008-2009) and Head of the North Africa Department (2007-2008). Loiseau is a graduate of the Paris Institute of Political Studies (Sciences Po) and of the French National Institute for Oriental Languages and Civilisations (INALCO) in Chinese.

Esa Pulkkinen is a Lieutenant General serving as the Director General of the European Union’s Military Staff (EUMS) since 2016. He was previously the Director-General of the Defence Policy Department at the Ministry of Defence of Finland (2011-2015) and Director of Operations of the EU Military Staff (2008- 2010). A graduate of the National Defence University, Pulkkinen has served in a wide range of leadership positions in the Finnish Defence Forces. He has also studied at the University of Geneva and Harvard University.

Nathalie Tocci is Director of the Istituto Affari Internazionali, Honorary Professor at the University of Tübingen, and Special Adviser to EU HRVP Federica Mogherini, on behalf of whom she wrote the European Global Strategy and is now working on its implementation, notably in the field of security and defence. Previously she held research positions at the Centre for European Policy Studies, Brussels, the Transatlantic Academy, Washington and the Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies, Florence. Her research interests include European foreign policy, conflict resolution, the Middle East and the Mediterranean. Tonino Picula is currently serving his third mandate as Member of the European Parliament. In his current mandate, he has been elected as Coordinator of the Socialist and Democrat Group (S&D) at the European Parliament’s Foreign Affairs Committee (AFET). He is also a member of Subcommittee on Security and Defence and Committee on Regional Development. He has previously served as a Croatian Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2000 to 2003 and as a Mayor of Velika Gorica from 2005 to 2009. After becoming involved in politics in the early 1990s, Picula served four consecutive terms as Member of the Croatian Parliament, having been elected in the 2000, 2003, 2007 and 2011 parliament elections.

Lars-Gunnar Wigemark is the Head of the Delegation of the European Union to Bosnia and Herzegovina and is European Union Special Representative in Bosnia and Herzegovina as of 1 March 2015. He graduated from Harvard University in 1984 with an A.B. magna cum laude in Social Sciences and holds a Master’s Degree from the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy in International Law and Economics. In 1988 he joined the Swedish Foreign Service and has been posted to Belgrade, Washington, Brussels, Kabul and Moscow, where he served as Deputy Head and Minister at the Swedish Embassy (2003-2007). In 2008 Ambassador Wigemark was appointed Head of the Security Policy Unit in the European Commission. In September 2010, Mr Wigemark was appointed among the first EU Ambassadors under the Lisbon Treaty.

Hanna Smith is Research Director at European Centre of Excellence for Countering Hybrid Threats. Previously she has worked as a Research Fellow at the University of Helsinki, Aleksanteri Institute and the Finnish Centre of Excellence on Russian Studies. She is an expert on Russian and former Soviet Union area foreign, security and domestic politics. Her research interests also include regional cooperation, Nordic cooperation and international institutions. In 2001-02 she was a visiting researcher at the University of Birmingham, in 2006 at the Finnish Ministry for Foreign Affairs, unit for research and policy planning, and in September 2015 at the Norwegian Institute for Defence Studies (IFS). She has published numerous articles in books, academic journals and newspapers.

Vilmos Hamikus is the Focal Point for hybrid threats at the Security and Defence Policy Directorate of the European External Action Service (EEAS) since March 2018. Previously, he worked as a Coordination Officer at the Crisis Management and Planning Directorate of the EEAS (2014-2018). He was Deputy Head of Mission at the Hungarian Embassy in Tehran (2011-2014), Ambassador at the Permanent Representation of Hungary in Brussels (2009-2010) and has held several positions at the Ministry for Foreign Affairs of Hungary, including Senior Advisor on EU foreign and security policy (2010-2011) and Director General for Security Policy and Nonproliferation (2007-2009).

Michael Gahler is a Member of European Parliament since 1999, member of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and of the Sub-Committee on Security and Defence. He is a member of the Christian Democratic Union. A lawyer by profession, Gahler has been a politician since 1986, when he won a seat on the city council of Hattersheim. He joined the the German Federal Foreign Office in 1990, where he served under ministers Hans-Dietrich Genscher, Klaus Kinkel and Joschka Fischer. While in the diplomatic service, he worked on international environmental policy (1991–1993) and Germany’s bilateral relations with the Baltic states and the Council of the Baltic Sea States. Volker Perthes is Executive Chairman and Director of Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik (SWP), German Institute for International and Security Affairs in Berlin. Since 2015, he acts as Senior Advisor to the UN Special Envoy for Syria. Since 2016, he is also Chairperson of the Ceasefire Task Force for Syria, United Nations, Geneva. He received his doctorate from the University of Duisburg, held different teaching positions, and is currently also Professor at Humboldt University Berlin and Free University of Berlin. He serves on various national and international bodies, e.g. as Chairman of FIIA’s Scientific Advisory Council.

Antto Vihma works as a Senior Research Fellow at the Finnish Institute of International Affairs. He is an Adjunct Professor (docent) in Climate Policy and Law at the University of Eastern Finland. Vihma specializes in questions of legitimacy and effectiveness of international agreements, and energy issues in external relations. Vihma is also the author of several widely cited policy briefs on climate and energy issues.

Lukas Rüttinger is Senior Project Manager at adelphi. He has been working at the intersection of environment, development, foreign and security policy for more than seven years. He is leading the areas “Peace and Security” and “Resources”. He has gathered extensive experience in developing and implementing international consulting and research projects. He has worked on behalf of several German ministries, the European Commission, as well as German and international organisations working in development cooperation. Through his work, Mr Rüttinger is creating solutions for complex challenges and crises that are emerging from the interplay between environmental issues, climate change, socio-economic challenges such as rising inequality, governance problems and political instability.

Mika Anttonen is founder and Chairman of the Board of Finnish energy company St1. He is also the company’s principal shareholder. He began his career as a private entrepreneur in the fuel trade in 1996 and rapidly built up a diverse energy company, which today pursues its vision to become a leading producer and seller of CO2-aware energy. The company is investing heavily in industrial wind power and renewable energy generation.