Initial Environmental Examination
June 2013
Republic of Tajikistan: CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 Enhancement Project
Prepared by the Ministry of Transport, Republic of Tajikistan for the Asian Development Bank. CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
Table of Contents
Executive Summary ...... 8
A. Introduction ...... 14 A.1 Purpose of the report ...... 14 A.2 Identification of the Project and Project Proponent ...... 14 A.3 The Nature, Size, Location and Importance of the Project ...... 14 A.4 IEE Boundaries ...... 15 A.5 Methodology Applied ...... 15 A.6 Constraints and Limitations ...... 15 A.7 Structure of the Report ...... 15
B. Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework ...... 17 B.1 General ...... 17 B.2 Country Policies and Administrative Framework ...... 17 B.3 Legal framework for EA, environmental licensing and permitting ...... 19 B.4 Local Environmental Statutes ...... 23 B.5 Noise, Water and Air Quality Standards ...... 24 B.6 Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies 2009 ...... 25
C Description of the Project ...... 28 C.1 Type of project ...... 28 C.2 Category of Project ...... 29 C.3 Need for the Project ...... 29 C.3.1 Indicative Implementation Arrangements ...... 31 C.4 Locations & Size of Operations ...... 31 C.4.1 Project Locations ...... 31 C.5 Scope of Works ...... 31 C.5.1 Vose to Hovaling Road: Project Phases ...... 31 C.5.2 Vose to Hovaling Road: Major Components and Design Characteristics .. 37 C.5.3 Vose to Hovaling Road: Source of Materials...... 43 C.5.4 Vose to Hovaling Road: Temporary Storage Areas ...... 44 C.5.5 Vose to Hovaling Road: Road Safety ...... 45 C.5.5 Sayron to Karamik Road: Project Phases ...... 46 C.5.6 Sayron to Karamik Road: Source of Materials ...... 46 C.5.7 Sayron to Karamik Road: Temporary Storage Areas ...... 47 C.6 Contracting and Institutional Issues ...... 47 C.7 Lighting of the Road ...... 48 C.7.1 General ...... 48 C.7.2 Solar Street Lighting ...... 48 C.7.3 Un electrified Village ...... 48 C.7.4 Dispersed Un electrified Households ...... 49 C.8 Alternatives ...... 49 C.8.1 The No Action Alternative ...... 49 C.8.2 Site Alternatives ...... 50 C.9 Proposed schedule for implementation & Cost ...... 52
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D. Description of the Environment ...... 53 D.1 Physical Resources ...... 53 D.1.1 Air quality & Climate ...... 53 D.1.2 Topography ...... 56 D.1.3 Soils ...... 59 D.1.4 Hydrology ...... 60 D.1.5 Geology ...... 64 D.1.6 Natural Hazards and Disasters ...... 65 D.2 Ecological Resources ...... 67 D.2.1 Flora ...... 67 D.2.2 Fauna ...... 67 D.2.3 Aquatic biology ...... 68 D.2.4 Forests & Protected Areas ...... 68 D.3 Economic Development ...... 68 D.3.1 Industries & Agriculture ...... 68 D.3.2 Infrastructure and Transportation facilities ...... 69 D.3.3 Land use ...... 69 D.3.4 Power sources and transmission ...... 69 D.4 Social and Cultural Resources ...... 70 D.4.1 Population and communities ...... 70 D.4.2 Health & Education facilities ...... 71 D.4.3 Socio economic conditions ...... 72 D.4.4 Historical and Archeological Areas of Significance ...... 73 D.4.5 Noise & Vibration ...... 74
E. Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures ...... 75 E.1 Introduction ...... 75 E.2 Impact Phases ...... 75 E.3 Types of Impacts ...... 76 E.4 Mitigation Aspects ...... 77 E.5 Physical Resources ...... 77 E.5.1 Air quality ...... 77 E.5.2 Topography ...... 80 E.5.3 Soils ...... 82 E.5.4 Hydrology Surface water & Flooding ...... 85 E.5.5 Hydrology – Groundwater ...... 90 E.5.6 Geology ...... 90 E.5.7 Natural Hazards ...... 91 E.6 Ecological Resources ...... 91 E.6.1 Flora ...... 91 E.6.2 Fauna ...... 93 E.6.3 Aquatic biology ...... 94 E.6.4 Protected areas ...... 94 E.7 Economic Development ...... 94 E.7.1 Industries ...... 94 E.7.2 Infrastructure & Transportation Facilities ...... 95 E.7.3 Land use ...... 96 E.7.4 Power sources and transmission ...... 97 E.7.5 Agricultural development, mineral development, and tourism facilities ...... 97 E.7.6 Waste and Spoil ...... 98 E.8 Social and Cultural Resources ...... 100
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E.8.1 Population and communities ...... 100 E.8.2 Health & Education ...... 100 E.8.3 Socio economic conditions ...... 102 E.8.4 Historical and Archaeological Areas of Significance...... 103 E.8.5 Noise & Vibration ...... 103
F. Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements ...... 107 F.1 Introduction ...... 107 F.2 Institutional Requirements ...... 107 F.2.1 EMP ...... 107 F.2.2 Site Specific EMP ...... 107 F.2.3 Bid Documents ...... 108 F.2.4 Contract Documents ...... 108 F.2.5 Contractor Requirements ...... 108 F.2.6 Engineer Requirements ...... 109 F.3 Vose Hovaling Environmental Management Plan Pre Construction Phase .. 111 F.4 Vose Hovaling Environmental Management Plan Detailed Design Phase .... 115 F.5 Vose Hovaling Environmental Management Plan Construction Phase ...... 118 F.6 Vose Hovaling Environmental Management Plan Operational and Maintenance Phase ...... 128 F.7 Vose Hovaling Environmental Monitoring Plan Pre Construction Phase ...... 128 F.8 Vose Hovaling Environmental Monitoring Plan Construction Phase ...... 130 F.9. Vose Hovaling EMP Costs ...... 132 F.10 Sayron – Karamik Environmental Management Plan Pre Construction Phase ...... 136 F.11 Sayron – Karamik Environmental Management Plan Construction Phase ..... 140 F.12 Sayron – Karamik Environmental Management Plan Operational and Maintenance Phase ...... 147 F.13 Sayron – Karamik Environmental Monitoring Plan Pre Construction Phase ... 147 F.14 Sayron – Karamik Environmental Monitoring Plan Construction Phase ...... 148 F.15 EMP Costs ...... 150
G. Public Consultation, Information Disclosure & Grievance Mechanism ...... 152 G.1 Public Consultations ...... 152 G.1.1 Focus Groups ...... 152 G.1.2 Local Officials ...... 154 G.2 Planned Information Disclosure ...... 155 G.3 Grievance Mechanism ...... 155 G.3.1 Requirements ...... 155 G.3.2 Mechanism ...... 156 G.3.2.1 Grievance mechanism during the resettlement phase ...... 156 G.3.2.2 Formation of Grievances Redress Committee (GRC) ...... 157
H. Conclusions and Recommendations ...... 160 H.1 Conclusions ...... 160 H.2 Recommendations ...... 160
List of Figures
Figure C 1: Project Locations ...... 33 Figure C 2 ...... 34
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Figure C 3 ...... 35 Figure C 4: Vose – Hovaling Alternative Alignment ...... 50 Figure D 2: Annual Air Temperature Anomalies in Tajikistan ...... 55 Figure D 3: Vose – Hovaling Topography, Sections 1 (yellow) & 2 (red)...... 57 Figure D 4: Vose – Hovaling Topography, Section 3 (green) ...... 57 Figure D 5: Vose – Hovaling Ridgeline ...... 58 Figure D 6: Irrigation System, KM13 ...... 59 Figure D 7: Soils of Tajikistan ...... 59 Figure D 8: River Basins of Tajikistan ...... 60 Figure D 9: Location of River Bank Erosion (KM10) ...... 62 Figure D 10: Extent of Erosion at KM10 ...... 62 Figure D 11: Waste Water Discharge in Main River Basins ...... 63 Figure D 12: Groundwater level in Project Area ...... 63 Figure D 13: Geology of the Project Area ...... 64 Figure D 14: Seismic Conditions, Vose – Hovaling Road ...... 66 Figure D 15: Low Voltage Transmission Lines outside a School at KM72 ...... 69 Figure D 15: School (KM78) ...... 72 Figure D 16: Clinic (KM55) ...... 72 Figure G 1: Lohuti Focus Group ...... 154 Figure G 2: Kaduchi Focus Group ...... 154
List of Table
Table C 1: Geometric Design Standards for Category IV Roads ...... 37 Table C 2: Vose – Hovaling Bridges ...... 38 Table C 3: Vose – Hovaling Earthworks ...... 41 Table C 4: Vose – Hovaling Potential Quarry & Borrow Sites ...... 43 Table C 5: Summary of Alternative Alignments Impacts ...... 51 Table D 1: Vose Temperature & Precipitation ...... 54 Table D 2: Jirgatol Temperature & Precipitation ...... 54 Table D 3: Project River Basin Characteristics ...... 61 Table D 4: Landslide and Mudslide Locations ...... 66 Table D 5: Area Under Cultivation in Hectares (2011) ...... 68 Table D 6: Agricultural Output / Tonnes (2011) ...... 68 Table D 7: Population (thousands) ...... 71 Table D 8: Population Growth Rate (%) ...... 71 Table D 9: Population Density (per square kilometer) ...... 71 Table D 10: Vose – Hovaling Health and Education facilities ...... 71 Table E 1: Trees to be Felled in the Vose – Hovaling Corridor ...... 92 Table E 2: Construction Noise Examples ...... 104 Table F 1: Vose Hovaling EMP Pre construction Phase Mitigation ...... 111 Table F 2: Vose Hovaling EMP Detailed Design Phase Mitigation ...... 115 Table F 3: Vose Hovaling EMP Construction Phase Mitigation ...... 118 Table F 4: Vose Hovaling EMP Operational and Maintenance Phase Mitigation ...... 128 Table F 5: Vose Hovaling EMP: Pre construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring ..... 129 Table F 6: Vose Hovaling EMP: Construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring ...... 130 Table F 7: Vose Hovaling EMP Mitigation Costs ...... 132 Table F 8: Vose Hovaling EMP Instrumental Monitoring Costs ...... 133 Table F 9: Sayron – Karamik EMP Pre construction Phase Mitigation ...... 136 Table F 9: Sayron – Karamik EMP Construction Phase Mitigation ...... 141 Table F 10: Sayron – Karamik EMP Operational and Maintenance Phase Mitigation . 147
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
Table F 11 EMP: Sayron – Karamik Pre construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring . 148 Table F 12: EMP: Sayron – Karamik Construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring ..... 148 Table F 13: Sayron – Karamik EMP Mitigation Costs ...... 150 Table F 14: Sayron – Karamik EMP Instrumental Monitoring Costs ...... 151 Table G 1: Kaduchi Focus Group ...... 152 Table G 2: Lahuti Focus Group ...... 153 Table G 3: Vose – Hovaling Local Officials Consultations ...... 154 Table G 4: Sayron Karamik Local Officials Consultations ...... 155 Table G 5: Rayon Grievances Redress Committee ...... 157 Table G 6: Summary of Grievance Procedure ...... 159
List Of Appendices
Appendix A: Vose – Hovaling Environmental Setting...... 161 Appendix B: Sayron Karamik Environmental Setting ...... 165 Appendix C: Vose – Hovaling Indicative Schedule of Cross Drainage Structures ...... 171 Appendix D: Indicative Schedule of Retaining Walls and Slope Protection Works ...... 178 Appendix E: Vose – Hovaling road Typical Cross Sections ...... 181 Appendix F: Traffic Data ...... 184 Appendix G: Kaduchi Focus Group Consultation Participants ...... 190 Appendix H: Lahuty Focus Group Consultation Participants ...... 195 Appendix H: Wind Roses ...... 201 Appendix I: Kaftargazur Environmental Conditions ...... 202 Appendix J: Sayron – Karamik Public Consultations 2007...... 204
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Abbreviations and Acronyms
ADB Asian Development Bank BOD Biological Oxygen Demand CEO Constructor Environmental Officer CEP Committee for Environmental Protection COD Chemical Oxygen Demand CO 2 Carbon Dioxide DEP Department of Environmental Protection DMC Developing Member Countries EA Environmental Assessment SSEMP Site Specific Environmental Management Plan EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EMP Environmental Management Plan ERP Emergency Response Plan GoT Government of Tajikistan IEE Initial Environmental Examination KM Kilometer KM/H Kilometers per Hour LARP Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan MoT Ministry of Transport NO Nitrogen Oxide NO 2 Nitrogen Dioxide m Meter MFF Multitranche Financing Facility PIU Project Implementation Unit PM Particulate Matter UN United Nations SEE State Ecological “Expertise” SO 2 Sulphur Dioxide TMP Traffic Management Plan WMP Waste Management Plan
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
Executive Summary
1. Introduction
1. This initial environmental examination (IEE) is part of the process of compliance with the ADB guidelines in relation to the CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project.
2. The IEE provides a road map to the environmental measures needed to prevent and/or mitigate negative environmental effects associated with the development project. The IEE provides a detailed description of the direct and indirect environmental effects associated with the proposed subproject during key periods of work. The IEE: • Describes the extent, duration and severity of the impacts; • Analyzes all potential impacts, both positive and negative; • Formulates the mitigation actions and presents it all in the form of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP).
3. Based on the existing ADB Environmental Safeguards Policy (2009), this Project falls under ADB’s project Category B .
2. Description of the Project
4. The Project comprises three parts:
Vose – Hovaling Road Rehabilitation . This part of the Project will upgrade the existing 86.8 kilometer road segment to the required Tajikistan road standards (Category IV). Typical works, divided into Project phases, include:
• Land Acquisition – the Employer will commence and carry out land acquisition immediately after the approval of the LARP by ADB and the Government of Tajikistan. • Pre construction – During this phase the Contractor shall undertake the following activities; Traffic Management Plan and preparation of a Site Specific Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP) • Detailed Design – On completion of the Pre construction phase the Contractor must prepare detailed road design and design of new and widening/rehabilitation of the old bridges, and the cross drainage works, taking into account the design concepts prepared during the feasibility study and the requirements of the IEE & EMP. • Construction – three months after the commencement, after the approval of the road design for at least 9 km of the road, the Contractor will be able to commence construction preparation works including Site Clearing Works; Demolition of Structures and Removal of Debris; Removal of Trees; Relocation of Existing Services. These works will be followed by the main construction activities such as, construction and rehabilitation of retaining structures, bridges, drainage, earthworks and pavement. The works will be carried out on a design built basis. The works also include the opening and operation of borrow pits, quarries, asphalt plants and construction camps.
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
• Operation and Maintenance From the Commencement Date to the date of Taking Over of the Works by the Employer (the MOT), the Contractor shall be solely responsible for routine, winter and emergency maintenance.
Sayron - Karamik Road Rehabilitation. This part of the project includes: • The construction of asphalt concrete overlays of the existing pavement from Sayron to the Kyrgyzstan border at Karamik (89km). • Excavation and removal of unstable materials from the upper parts of unstable slopes and construction of sub soil drains and earth retaining structures at a limited number of road sections. • The construction of a limited number of retaining structures necessary to stabilize unstable slopes. Such structures include stone masonry walls with cement mortar and gabion retaining walls • Lining of earth side drains at locations where there is underground water seepage for side slopes or where road side drains are used as small irrigation channels. • Removal of damaged guard rails and the construction of masonry guard walls.
No other actions, such as road widening, cutting or fill, changes to alignment, tree felling, etc, will occur. Strengthening of the road with the additional layer of asphalt is required to address the deterioration of the pavement due to higher than predicted road use (specifically by heavy goods vehicles).
Improving 30 km rural access roads . Minor upgrading of about 30 km connecting feeder roads in Vose and Khovaling districts to an all weather surface will further improve access to basic social services, such as schools, hospitals, and local markets.
Lighting of the Road . This activity includes the construction of solar powered street lights in villages within the Project corridors, a centralized solar power system for one un electrified village close to the Sayron – Karamik road and solar homes systems for remote households close to the Vose – Hovaling Road.
3. Impact Identification
5. The IEE established that there were no significant environmental issues that could not be either prevented or adequately mitigated to levels acceptable Tajik and international standards. A complete Environmental Management Plan has been prepared for all three Project components, with tables listing mitigative measures and monitoring actions to be undertaken during the pre construction, detailed design, construction and operating period of the project.
6. The following provides a summary of the potential impacts associated with the Vose Hovaling Road:
Pre-construction Phase • Siting of facilities – Improper siting of construction camps, borrow pits, quarries, temporary storage sites, etc, could have negative impacts to water quality, local residents, flora and fauna. • Resettlement – Changing the alignment and widening of the road could impact upon agricultural, commercial and residential lands leading to resettlement requirements.
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
• Flora – Clearing works will result in the cutting of 1158 trees (814 non productive and 317 productive) within the Project Road right of way. Detailed Design Phase • Erosion – Inadequate design of road structures, such as drainage, could lead to increased soil erosion within the Project Area. This may lead to degradation of productive lands and potential damage to the road itself. • Natural Hazards – Impacts to the road could occur if the design does not account for the issue of mudslides which are a frequent occurrence along various sections of the road. Construction Phase • Dust and Emissions – Movement and operation of construction vehicles and machinery will result in short term, elevated concentrations of dust and emissions. • Water Quality – Spills and poor storage of liquid waste and hazardous liquids could have negative impacts to water quality. Bridge construction works may also have negative impacts on water flow. • Noise – Operation of construction vehicles and machinery can lead to elevated levels of noise within residential areas. • Waste and Spoil – Where possible cut will be balanced with fill. However, there maybe some excess fill materials that will require disposal at a suitable location. In addition, waste asphalt material will be excavated from the exiting road and will not be re used in the Project. • Health and Safety – The potential exists for health and safety impacts to villagers (especially school children) living and working within the construction areas, and also to the construction workers themselves.
7. Impacts resulting from the Sayron – Karamik Road, will be limited to the construction phase. These impacts will be related to: • Potential dust issues from increased vehicle movements, storage of materials, etc; • Noise impacts from construction; • Potential leaks and spills of liquids; and • Disposal of waste materials, including some waste asphalt.
8. No or minimal impacts are expected on upgrading rural roads components. The anticipated impacts are within the scope of the IEE. No negative impacts were identified relating to the Solar portion of the Project.
4. Mitigation Actions
9. The summary mitigation measures for the potential impacts identified above for the Vose – Hovaling Road includes:
Pre-construction Phase • Siting of facilities – The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that all of his construction facilities are sited according to the requirements of the EMP, that means ensuring that they are sited away from sensitive sites and that they do not pollute water courses or soils. The Engineer shall be responsible for reviewing and approving all of the Contractors proposed facility locations.
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
• Resettlement – A Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP) will be prepared by the MOT according to ADB requirements on resettlement. • Flora – Adequate siting of facilities should reduce impacts to flora within the Project Area, although it should be stressed that due to human settlement within all Project areas no special status flora have been identified. Detailed Design Phase • Erosion & Natural Hazards – Recommendations are made within the IEE to mitigate potential erosion impacts and mudslide impacts through suitable design of drainage structures. However, it is noted that degradation of slopes above the Project Road due to human activity, may lead to impacts to the Project over time as the slopes continue to erode as a result of lack of vegetation cover. Construction Phase • Dust and Emissions – Proper control, siting and maintenance of equipment shall mitigate emissions impacts. Spraying of roads with water during dry periods and covering of friable materials will also help prevent dust impacts. • Water Quality – Proper siting and management of facilities as per the recommendations of the IEE will prevent impacts to water quality. Accidental spills could occur and provisions are recommended to manage such accidents. • Noise – Noise levels from construction equipment and vehicles can be reduced by introducing activity time constraints and by ensuring proper siting and maintenance of equipment. • Waste and Spoil – Waste disposal activities shall be coordinated with DEPs to ensure that all construction waste is disposed of at suitable locations, this will include consultations between DEPs, Engineer and Contractor to ensure adequate disposal of any spoil material. Regarding Asphalt, the DEUs should assess the feasibility of recycling the waste asphalt for other projects in the region. • Health and Safety – Health and safety plans, training and HIV/AIDS awareness programs will be provided by the Contractor. In addition he shall prepare traffic management plans to reduce potential impacts to villagers during construction periods. • Archeology / Historical Sites – The EMP provides a procedure for chance finds.
10. The summary mitigation measures for the limited potential impacts identified above for the Sayron Karamik Road includes: • Siting of facilities – An existing construction camp is in place. However, the Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that all of his other temporary facilities are sited according to the requirements of the EMP, that means ensuring that they are sited away from sensitive sites and that they do not pollute water courses or soils. The Engineer shall be responsible for reviewing and approving all of the Contractors proposed facility locations. • Dust and Emissions – Proper control, siting and maintenance of equipment shall mitigate emissions impacts. Spraying of roads with water during dry periods and covering of friable materials will also help prevent dust impacts. • Water Quality – Accidental spills could occur and provisions are recommended to manage such accidents. • Noise – Noise levels from construction equipment and vehicles can be reduced by introducing activity time constraints and by ensuring proper siting and maintenance of equipment. • Waste and Spoil – Waste disposal activities shall be coordinated with DEPs to ensure that all construction waste is disposed of at suitable locations, this will include
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
consultations between DEPs, Engineer and Contractor to ensure adequate disposal of any spoil material. Regarding Asphalt, the DEUs should assess the feasibility of recycling the waste asphalt for other projects in the region. • Health and Safety – Health and safety plans, training and HIV/AIDS awareness programs will be provided by the Contractor. In addition he shall prepare traffic management plans to reduce potential impacts to villagers during construction periods. • Archeology / Historical Sites – The EMP provides a procedure for chance finds.
5. Monitoring Actions
11. To ensure that all of the above mitigation actions are completed according to the requirements of the EMP, monitoring shall be undertaken of Project works by the Engineer and by independent monitoring specialists. Specifically both observational monitoring and instrumental monitoring shall be undertaken on the Vose – Hovaling Road and Sayron – Karamik Road as follows:
• Instrumental Monitoring – This shall be completed by independent specialists and will include air quality monitoring and water quality monitoring at the pre construction and construction phases and noise quality monitoring at the construction phase. Schedules, parameters, locations are indicated by the IEE EMP and shall be adopted by the Contractors SSEMP. • Observational Monitoring – The Contractors actions shall be continually monitored by the Engineer throughout the Projects Construction phase. This will be achieved through weekly inspections of the Contractors environmental performance by national and international environmental specialists engaged by the Engineer throughout the construction period. The Engineer shall have the right to suspend works or payments if the Contractor is in violation of any of his obligations under the EMP and this IEE.
6. Consultations
12. Stakeholder consultations were undertaken in May, 2013. The consultations with villagers, local officials and government representatives in Vose and Hovaling did not reveal any environmental impacts that could not be mitigated by this IEE. In addition, consultations with the Environmental Departments at Vose and Hovaling did not reveal any specific environmental issues that would result from Project works. Extensive stakeholder consultations were undertaken in Jirgatol in 2007 as part of the previous Sayron – Karamik road rehabilitation project, as such only limited consultations for this component of the Project were undertaken with local DEP officials. No significant issues were identified by the DEP.
7. Implementation
13. The EMP, its mitigation and monitoring programs, contained herewith shall be included within the Project Bidding documents for project works. The Bid documents state that the Contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of the requirements of the EMP through his own Site Specific Environmental Management Plan which will adopt all of the conditions of the EMP and add site specific elements that are not currently known, such as the Contractors final list of borrow pit locations. This ensures
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination that all potential bidders are aware of the environmental requirements of the Project and its associated environmental costs.
14. The EMP and all its requirements will then be added to the Contractors Contract, thereby making implementation of the EMP a legal requirement according to the Contract. He shall then prepare his SSEMP which will be approved and monitored by the Engineer. Should the Engineer note any non conformance with the SSEMP the Contractor can be held liable for breach of the contractual obligations of the EMP. To ensure compliance with the SSEMP the Contractor should employ a national environmental specialist to monitor and report Project activities throughout the Project Construction phase.
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A. Introduction
A.1 Purpose of the report
15. This initial environmental examination (IEE) is part of the process of compliance with the ADB guidelines in relation to the CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project.
16. The IEE provides a road map to the environmental measures needed to prevent and/or mitigate negative environmental effects associated with the development project. The IEE also provides a detailed description of the direct and indirect environmental effects associated with the proposed subproject during key periods of work.
17. More specifically, the IEE: • Describes the extent, duration and severity of the impacts; • Analyzes all significant impacts; • Formulates the mitigation actions and presents it all in the form of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP). A.2 Identification of the Project and Project Proponent
18. The Ministry of Transport (MOT) of the Government of Republic of Tajikistan (GoT) is the project proponent with support from international and national consultants (including the Tajikistan Design Institute) provided through this Grant. A.3 The Nature, Size, Location and Importance of the Project
19. The Project includes three outputs: (i) Better road conditions and enhanced road safety on CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 and associated sub network, (ii) . Extended access to local communities, and (iii) institutional strengthening. The physical components are related to output (i) and (ii) and comprise the following :
1. The Vose – Hovaling Road , with a total length of 86.8 kilometers connects the remote town of Hovaling with Vose some 120 kilometers to the south east of Dushanbe. The existing alignment runs in a north south direction broadly following the Yakhsu river through its valley for the first 40 kilometers before rising into the ridgeline of the valley and then descending into the adjacent valley of the Obimazor River before reaching Hovaling. 2. The Sayron – Karamik Road (89 kilometers) is part of CAREC Corridor 3 & 5 and is the last portion of road connecting the corridor from Dushanbe to the Kyrgyz border. This component of the Project involves the laying 4cm of asphalt over the existing pavement and some minor excavation works and safety improvements. 3. Improving 30 km rural access roads . Minor upgrading of about 30 km connecting feeder roads in Vose and Khovaling districts to an all weather surface will further improve access to basic social services, such as schools, hospitals, and local markets.
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
4. The Lighting of the Road Project includes the provision of street lights within the villages of both of the above mentioned road sections, the installation of a small solar PV park in Nurobod Province and installation of solar homes systems for two villages close to the Vose – Hovaling Road. A.4 IEE Boundaries
20. For purposes of establishing the environmental conditions, the overview of regional data is followed by the description at the project level if data is available. This IEE covers the entire length of the Project Road. For purposes of this impact assessment, an envelope of 200 meters wide on each side of the project road over its entire length is identified as the primary impact area (“Project Area” or “Project Corridor”). This distance takes into account the common impacts associated with road works such as noise, dust and emissions. However, the project impact area maybe widened depending on conditions on the ground and with regard to specific construction sites outside of the right of way (RoW), e.g. borrow pits and quarries. The road sections where sensitive receptors are present, such as schools, hospitals or other places where people congregate are given particular attention so that ample mitigation is formulated. For road sections that cross rivers, the impact assessment is expanded to cover the identified continuous extent of any ecologically important habitats / features along the Project Corridor. A.5 Methodology Applied
21. The methodology is based on the ADB, Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) and the joint experience of the International and National environmental consultants involved in the IEE. Background data and information was obtained from published and unpublished sources, e.g., on: climate, topography, geology and soils, natural resources, flora and fauna, agriculture, and socio economic data. Several site inspections were conducted jointly by the International Environmental Specialist and National Counterpart during May 2013. The existing road was driven and areas of potential environmental significance assessed carefully. Discussions were held with a number of stakeholders and a face to face surveys were conducted with villagers along the road corridor in order to determine their perceptions of the level of impact from road works (see Section F ). Data and information obtained have been included where appropriate in the IEE Report. A.6 Constraints and Limitations
22. Given the available time and resources very little constraints or limitations are applicable to this report. The Project is classified as a Category B project 1 and as such, at this stage of the Project, no items such as air quality data, water quality data, etc was deemed warranted for analysis. Two field trips were undertaken with an International and National Environmental Specialist and multiple consultations were held with stakeholders. A.7 Structure of the Report
23. The report is organized to comply with ADB Safeguard Policies (2009) as follows:
1 See Section C.2 for explanation of category.
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• Section A: Introduction – The section in hand provides the introductory information and a detailed description of the legal and policy framework within which the Project will operate during the design, construction and operational phases of the Project. • Section B: Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework - This section presents an overview of the policy/legislative framework as well as the environmental assessment guidelines of Tajikistan that apply to the proposed project. The section also identifies relevant Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies that will apply. • Section C: Description of the Project – Section C describes the Category of the Project, the Project need and its environmental setting. A detailed scope of works is also provided indicating the type of engineering works required. The final portion of this section discusses Project alternatives. • Section D: Description of the Environment – This section of the report discusses the regional and local environmental baseline conditions. This section is divided into subsections relating to physical environment, ecological environment, economic conditions and socio cultural characteristics. • Section E: Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures – Section E outlines the potential environmental impacts and proposes mitigation measures to manage the impacts. • Section F: Environmental Management Plan & Institutional Requirements – This section provides the EMP for the design, construction and operational phases of the Project. • Section G: Public Consultation, Information Disclosure & Grievance Mechanism – Section G provides a summary of all of the stakeholder consultation activities undertaken. A grievance mechanism for project affected persons is also provided along with information regarding the disclosure process. • Section H: Conclusions and Recommendations – The final section of the report provides the report conclusions and any necessary recommendations.
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B. Legal, Policy and Administrative Framework
B.1 General
24. This section presents an overview of the policy/legislative framework as well as the environmental assessment guidelines of Tajikistan that apply to the proposed project. The section also identifies relevant Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies that will apply. The project will be required to comply with all relevant national and international environmental and social policies / guidelines. B.2 Country Policies and Administrative Framework
25. Environmental legislation in Tajikistan includes laws on air quality, mineral resources, land management, forests, health and safety, waste and chemicals management. The Tajikistan “Framework” Environment Law was adopted in 1993 and amended in 1996. The Water Code was adopted in 2000, the Land Code in 1992 and the Land Administration in 2001. Tajikistan is party to a number of international environmental treaties including: • Convention on Biological Diversity, 1997; • UN Framework Convention on Climate Change, 1998; • The Ramsar Convention (joined 2000); • Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (joined 2001); • Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants (ratified 2007); and • Aarhus Convention (joined 2001)
26. However, Tajikistan is not a signatory to either the Espoo Convention on Environmental Impact Assessment in a Transboundary Context or the Helsinki Convention on trans boundary watercourses and international lakes.
27. Environmental Impact Assessment is subject to the “Law on Environment Protection” (2011) and the “Law on Ecological Expertise” (2011). An environmental licensing system exists in relation to handling hazardous waste and mineral extraction. An environmental permitting system regulates the use of natural resources, especially the hunting or harvesting certain species. However, as in so many places around the world, implementation of the regulations and policing are problematic.
28. In Tajikistan, the organizations with most responsibility for environmental monitoring and management currently are the State Committee for Environmental Protection and Forestry (CEP) under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan (GoT), the Sanitary Inspectorate of the Ministry of Health, the Inspectorate for Industrial Safety and the Mining Inspectorate.
29. Public control is carried out by public organizations or trade unions and can be exercised with respect to any governmental body, enterprise, entity or individual. The environmental laws have articles related to the protection of soils and the rational use of land. The most important environmental laws are summarized in the following table:
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Table A -1: Selected Environmental Legislation in Tajikistan Air quality • Law on Air Protection • Law on Hydro meteorological activity Mineral resources • Law on Mineral Waters • Water Code Land • Land Code management • Law on Land Administration • Law on Land Valuation Forests • Forestry Code Animals and • Law on Protection and Use of Animals factories • Law on Protection and Use of Factories • Law on Factories Quarantine Health and safety • Law on Securing Sanitary and Epidemiological Safety of the Population • Law on Veterinary Medicine • Law on Salt Iodization • Law on Quality and Safety of Food • Law on Industrial Safety of Hazardous Installations • Law on Radiation Safety Waste and • Law on Production and Consumption Waste chemicals • Law on Production and Safe Handling of Pesticides and management Agrochemicals
30. These laws along with the Regulations approved by the GoT create a favorable legal framework for environmental protection in the country as well as for the use and protection of its natural resources. The most relevant of these laws, codes and regulations are highlighted in the following sections.
Framework environment law
31. The “framework environment law” / Law on Environment Protection was adopted in 2011 (21 July, 2011, № 208). The previous Law on Nature protection was adopted in 1993 and amended in 1996, 2002. 2004 and expired in 2011.
32. The new Law on environment protection stipulates that Tajikistan's environmental policy should give priority to environmental actions based on scientifically proven principles to combine economic and other activities that may have an impact on the environment, with nature preservation and the sustainable use of resources. The Law defines the applicable legal principles, the protected objects, the competencies and roles of the Government, the Committee for Environmental Protection under Government of Tajikistan, the local authorities, public organizations and individuals.
33. The Law also stipulates measures to secure public and individual rights to a safe and healthy environment and requires a combined system of ecological expertise and environmental impact assessment of any activity that could have a negative impact on the environment. The Law also defines environmental emergencies and ecological disasters and prescribes the order of actions in such situations, defines the obligations of officials and enterprises to prevent and eliminate the consequences, as well as the
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination liabilities of persons or organizations that caused damage to the environment or otherwise violated the Law. The Law establishes several types of controls over compliance with environmental legislation: State control, ministerial control, enterprise control and public control. State control is affected by, the Sanitary Inspectorate of the Ministry of Health, the Inspectorate for Industrial Safety and the Mining Inspectorate. Public control is carried out by public organizations or trade unions and can be exercised with respect to any governmental body, enterprise, entity or individual.
Water Code .
34. The Water Code (2000) stipulates the policies on water management, permitting, dispute resolution, usage planning and cadastre. It promotes rational use and protection of water resources and defines the types of water use rights, authority and roles of regional and local governments for water allocations among various users, collection of fees, water use planning, water use rights and dispute resolution. The Code delegates Water User Associations to operate and maintain on farm irrigation and drainage infrastructure.
Land Code .
35. The current Land Code (1992) defines the types of land use rights, the authority and the role of regional and local governments for land allocation, collection of land taxes, land use planning, land use right mortgaging and settlement of land disputes. It defines the rights of land users and lease holders, and also defines the use of a special land fund for the purpose of land privatization and farm restructuring. The law does not provide for purchase or sale of land. The Land Code regulates land relations and it is directed at the rational “use and protection of land and fertility of the soil .” The land may be used in a “rational manner” only and the Code allows local authorities to decide what constitutes “rational” land use. It includes mechanisms that make it possible to take the land use permit away from farmers, including in situations where their activities cause land degradation. This decision is taken by the raion (district level) administration. Articles 38, 39, 43 and 45 regulate land acquisition for specific activities / projects such as a transmission line.
Land Administration Law (2010).
36. The Law obliges the authorities to map and monitor the quality of land, including soil contamination, erosion and water logging.
B.3 Legal framework for EA, environmental licensing and permitting
Basic EA Laws .
37. There are two laws in the country that stipulate all aspects of the EA: (a) Law on Environment Protection; and (b) Law on Ecological Expertise. The Chapter V, Articles 35 39 of the Law on Environment Protection (2011), introduces the concept of state ecological review (literally, state ecological “expertise” – SEE) that seeks to examine the compliance of proposed activities and projects with the requirements of environmental legislation and standards and ecological security of the society. The mentioned laws stipulate the mandatory cross sectoral nature of SEE, which shall be scientifically
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination justified, comprehensive, and objective and which shall lead to conclusions in accordance with the law. SEE precedes decision making about activities that may have a negative impact on the environment. Financing of programs and projects is allowed only after a positive SEE finding, or conclusion, has been issued. The following activities and projects subject to state ecological review: a) draft state programs, pre planning, pre project, and design documentation for economic development; b) regional and sectoral development programs; c) spatial and urban planning, development, and design; d) environmental programs and projects; e) construction and reconstruction of various types of facilities irrespective of their ownership; f) draft environmental quality standards and other normative, technology, and methodological documentation that regulates economic activities; g) existing enterprises and economic entities. The laws stipulate that all types of economic and other activities shall be implemented in accordance with existing environmental standards and norms and shall have sufficient environmental protection and mitigation measures to prevent and avoid pollution and enhance environmental quality. The EA studies analyzing the short and long term environmental, genetic, economic, and demographic impacts and consequences shall be evaluated prior to making decisions on the allocation, construction, or reconstruction of facilities, irrespective of their ownership. If these requirements are violated, construction will be terminated until necessary improvements are made, as prescribed by the GoT and/or other duly authorized control bodies, such as sanitary, geological, and public safety agencies.
Environmental Impact Assessment .
38. An Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a component of the State Ecological Expertise, as set out in the 2011 amendments to the Environmental Protection Law and in the Law on the State Ecological Expertise (2011). The EIA is the responsibility of the project proponent. The State Ecological Expertise for all investment projects is the responsibility of the Committee for Environmental Protection under Government of Tajikistan (CEP) and its regional offices. Furthermore, according to the 2011 Law on the State Ecological Expertise, all civil works, including rehabilitation, should be assessed for their environmental impacts and the proposed mitigation measures reviewed and monitored by the CEP.
Types of Ecological Expertise .
39. According to the 2011 Law on Ecological Expertise, ecological expertise is intended to prevent negative impacts on the environment as a result of a proposed activity, forecast impacts from activities that are not considered as necessarily damaging to the environment and create databases on the state of the environment and knowledge about human impact on the environment. This Law and the Law on Environment Protection envisage two types of ecological expertise – State ecological expertise and public ecological expertise, which are not given equal importance. While State ecological expertise is a prerequisite for beginning any activity that may have an adverse environmental impact, public ecological expertise becomes binding only after its results have been approved by a State ecological expertise body. The State Ecological Expertise is authorized to invite leading scientists and qualified outside specialists to participate in the review. Approval should be issued within 30 days, unless the project developer agrees to an extension, and remains valid for two years, if the decision is positive. For very complicated projects the term of consideration and approval can be extended till 60 days. According to the Law on SEE the public ecological expertise of
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination economic activities or other activities implementation of which can negatively impact the environment of population which live in relevant area can be carried out by any public organization and citizen. They have right to sent the proposals to the responsible government bodies concerning environmental issues of implementation planned activities; to receive information on results of conducted state ecological expertise from relevant responsible bodies. The materials reflecting the public expertise delivered to the experts’ commission should be taken into consideration under preparation of conclusion of state ecological expertise and decision making on realization of expertise object. The public ecological expertise is carried out under the state registration of application of public organization. The registration can be done by local executive authorities (during 7 days) in place where the expertise activities are planned. The public organizations which are organizing this expertise, should inform the population of initiation of expertise and then on its results.
Environmental auditing .
40. Law on environment protection (2011) and Law on environmental audit (2011) stipulate that conduction of environmental audit is obligatory for business subjects activity in cases mentioned by Tajikistan legislation. The environmental audit should be conducted by independent auditors and audit organizations on basis of agreement with customer.
Screening categories .
41. The laws on Environment Protection and EE stipulate the Government will approve a list of activities for which the full Environmental Impact Assessment is mandatory. Currently there is no EIA categorization system in place and environmental impacts of most construction activities are reviewed on a case by case basis.
EA Administrative framework .
42. The Environmental Protection Law states that a SEE should be conducted by the CEP, which is designated as a duly authorized state environmental protection body. The CEP absorbed the former State Forest Enterprise, and has a staff of over 2000. It has a comprehensive mandate that includes policy formulation and inspection duties. The CEP has divisions at oblast (region), city and rayon (district) level, in the form of Departments of Environmental Protection (DEPs), within the Hukumat (local administration) at each city or rayon.
43. A small unit in the ministry is entrusted with guiding and managing both EIA and SEE. EIA preparation is the responsibility of the proponents of public and private sector projects, who, in addition to complying with various environmental standards, procedures, and norms, shall meet the standards of other sectors and environmental media line agencies, such as sanitary epidemiological, geological, water, etc.
Public participation .
44. Article 12 of the Environment Protection Law proclaims the right of citizens to live in a favorable environment and to be protected from negative environmental impacts. Citizens also have the right to environmental information (Article 13), as well as to participate in developing, adopting, and implementing decisions related to environmental
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination impacts (Article 13). The latter is assured by public discussion of drafts of environmentally important decisions and public ecological reviews. Public representative bodies have an obligation to take into consideration citizens’ comments and suggestions. The Law on the EE also provides the rights to the citizens to conduct a Public Environmental Expertise (art. 7). On 17 July 2001 Tajikistan acceded to the 1998 Aarhus Convention, the provisions of which have priority over domestic law that also stipulates the rights for Public EE.
Licenses .
45. Licenses are legal instruments to regulate certain potentially hazardous activities where minimal qualifications and strict adherence to rules are required to ensure that they are carried out efficiently, safely and do not result in potentially very significant and irreparable damage to the environment and human health . In particular, licenses are required for handling hazardous waste; for activities in industrial safety, sources of ionizing radiation, production and handling of pesticides and other agrochemicals. They are issued by the relevant industry regulator (ministry or committee) or an entity to which it has delegated such right. Licensing is also used to ensure the most efficient and sustainable use of natural resources. For example, licenses are required for prospecting, collecting or extracting mineral resources, or for constructing underground facilities not related to mining.
Environmental permits .
46. Permits are meant to ensure the sustainable use of natural resources. There are two types of permits: (a) permits to use natural resources; and, (b) permits for emissions or discharges. The natural resources use permits allow their holders to take a certain number or amount of a particular natural resource within a defined territory and time period. They are issued both to individuals (e.g. to hunt a particular species of animal or harvest particular factories) and to organizations (e.g. permits to extract ground or surface water for a particular use). By law, permits are needed for any commercial use of any resource. The authority that issues the permit and the legislation (government resolution) that applies depend on the resource. Permits to discharge polluted matter are issued by the relevant inspectorate (e.g. previous State Water Inspectorate or State Air Inspectorate – now departments) of the local state environmental protection committees to industrial or agricultural enterprises and municipal utilities that release by products into the environment. The permits allow releasing a certain amount of polluted matter (gases, liquids, solid waste) into the environment. The permits are normally granted for one year and indicate the maximum allowed concentration of the pollutants in the released matter, the maximum volume of the polluted matter and the pollutants allowed.
Environmental norms and standards .
47. Norms are set for air and water pollution, noise, vibration, magnetic fields and other physical factors, as well as residual traces of chemicals and biologically harmful microbes in food. The exceeding of their thresholds results in administrative action, including financial sanctions. Several ministries determine environmental quality standards, each in its field of responsibility. For example, admissible levels of noise, vibration, magnetic fields and other physical factors have been set by the Ministry of Health.
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Implementation and compliance .
48. A number of legal acts establish liability for violations of environmental laws, which can be enforced by several State bodies. In particular, the 2010 Code of Administrative Violations establishes administrative liability for organizations, their officers and individuals for a range of violations, from the careless treatment of land to violation of the rules for water use or water protection or failure to comply with a State ecological expertise. The administrative sanctions for environment related violations can be imposed by the administrative commissions of hukumats, courts, the CEP’s inspectors, the Veterinary Inspectors of the Ministry of Agriculture, and the State Committee for Land Administration, Mapping and Geodezy. The most common administrative sanction is a fine of up to 10 minimal monthly salaries for individuals and up to 15 minimal salaries to officers of organizations. The 1998 Criminal Code covers crimes against ecological safety and the environment, such as violations of ecological safety at work, poaching, and spoiling land, violation of rules for the protection and use of underground resources. The maximum fine is up to 2,000 minimal monthly salaries and the maximum sentence is up to eight years in prison.
B.4 Local Environmental Statutes
The Program of Economic Development up to 2015.
49. In the section dealing with land and water resource, the Program states that effective resolution of social problems substantially depends on the effective use of soil and water resources, the principal resources of the country.
State Environmental Program 2009-2019 :
50. The program, approved in 2009, obligates ministries and offices, heads of administrations and mayors of cities to improve environmental conditions and ensure sustainable development of the country during the period of economic transition. It calls for adoption of modern environmental standards for water, air, soil, solid waste, toxic wastes, and noise control, based on maximum permissible amounts. Standards are to be supplemented by discharge permits. The Program is accompanied by broad ecological zoning, dividing the country into ten zones (Syr Darya, Northern Turkestan, Zeravshan, Gissar, Vaksh, Dangarin, Khulbak Kulyak Tchube, Karategin Baldzhuan Shurobad, Garm Muksu Balandkiik, and Badakshan)
51. The principal directions of the Program are improvement of (i) the environmental status of agricultural lands, (ii) state of water resources, (iii) vegetation including forest resources, (iv) fauna and flora, (v) recreational possibilities, (vi) air quality, (vii) utilization of mineral resources, (viii) public health, and (ix) environmental performance of industry and construction. The Program calls for economic and other analyses of environmental problems and economic mechanisms that are to be used for the purpose of environmental management including: (a) limits on the use of resources, (b) payment for use of natural resources, and (c) pollution charges. Any use of a natural resource – including the assimilative capacity of air, water, and soil – is to be paid for in an amount as determined by the Government. The program calls also for better monitoring, improved environmental impact assessment, and improved financing of environmental activities. There are section dealing with environmental education, information,
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination environmental centers and environmental legislation. State natural sanctuaries and natural reserves for perpetuation of rare and threatened species are to receive special attention.
The Concept of environment protection of Tajikistan
52. Adopted in 2008 it devotes rather considerable space to principles of introduction of environment protection aspects into different aspects of economy, applying of international standards for creation of environmental management system, protection and rational use of water and land resources.
Program of Environmental Education and Training 2009-2019
53. Adopted in 2009, the Program recognizes the importance of professional training and education of the population on issues of conservation of environment and its rational use. B.5 Noise, Water and Air Quality Standards
54. Tajikistan has standards for permissible noise levels, air quality and water quality. These standards are provided by tables B 2, B 3 and B 4.
Table B -2: Water Quality Standards Parameter Limit Value Oxygen Winter – 4.0 mg/litre Summer – 6.0 mg/litre Salt ammonium 0.5 mg/litre BOD 3.0 Oil 0.05 Iron 0.05 Copper 0.001 Zink 0.01 Phenols 0.001 Chlorides 300 Sulphates 100 Calcium 180 Potassium 50 Suspended Matter 1000 Source : State Committee for Statistics. Environmental Protection in Tajikistan: Statistical Summary 1990-2000. 2002. (in Russian)
Table B -3: Air Quality Standards Parameter Tajikistan Standard 2 mg / m 3 Particulate Matter 0.150 Nitrogen Oxide (NO) 0.060 Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2) 0.040
2 Based on the Russian standard GN 2.1.5.1338 03 on maximum allowable concentrations for pollutants in the outdoor air of populated areas
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Sulphur Dioxide (SO 2) 0.050 Carbon Dioxide 3.000 Ammonium 0.200 Source: Asian Development Bank. Environmental Profile of Tajikistan. 2000.
Table B -4: Noise Standards Parameter Tajikistan Standard in accordance with Sanitary Norms CH 2.2.4/2.1.8.562-96 (provided by Sanitary Epidemiology service of the Ministry of Health of Tajikistan) Allowable Noise level for Working 70 80 dBA place of the drivers and service staff of trucks and construction equipment Allowable Noise level created by cars 70+10 dBA in period from 7 a.m to 23 p.m, 60 for area adjoining to residential dB+10 dB = 10 dB in period from 23 p.m. to 7 houses, buildings and other a.m receptors at the distance of 2 m Allowable Noise level For areas 75 dB +10 dB in period from 7 a.m to 23 p.m, adjoining to hotels and hostels 65 dB+ 10 dB= 10 dB in period from 23 p.m. to 7 a.m
B.6 Asian Development Bank Safeguard Policies 2009
55. Asian Development Bank (ADB) has three safeguard policies that seek to avoid, minimize or mitigate adverse environmental impacts and social costs to third parties, or vulnerable groups as a result of development projects 3.
Safeguard Requirements 1: Environment.
58. The objectives are to ensure the environmental soundness and sustainability of projects, and to support the integration of environmental considerations into the project decision making process.
59. The requirements apply to all ADB financed and/or ADB administered sovereign and non sovereign projects, and their components regardless of the source of financing, including investment projects funded by a loan; and/or a grant; and/or other means, such as equity and/or guarantees. Mechanisms such as Public Consultation, Identification of potential impacts, elaboration of adequate mitigation measures and impact monitoring as well as implementation of an appropriate environmental management plan remained mainly unchanged referring to the former Environmental Safeguard Policy.
60. Special attention has been put on the Grievance Redress Mechanism, securing that the borrower/client will establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the project’s environmental performance. The grievance mechanism should be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the project. It should address affected people's concerns and
3 ADB. 2009. Safeguard Policy Statement, Manila
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination complaints promptly, using an understandable and transparent process that is gender responsive, culturally appropriate, and readily accessible to all segments of the affected people at no costs and without retribution. The mechanism should not impede access to the country’s judicial or administrative remedies. The affected people will be appropriately informed about the mechanism.
61. Guidelines provide a rational approach for determining environmental category of the Project, the need for public consultation and disclosure, environmental management planning, and resolving involuntary resettlement, indigenous people and gender issues.
Safeguard Requirements 2: Involuntary Resettlement .
62. The objectives are to avoid involuntary resettlement wherever possible; to minimize involuntary resettlement by exploring project and design alternatives; to enhance, or at least restore, the livelihoods of all displaced persons1 in real terms relative to pre project levels; and to improve the standards of living of the displaced poor and other vulnerable groups. The safeguard requirements underscores the requirements for undertaking the social impact assessment and resettlement planning process, preparing social impact assessment reports and resettlement planning documents, exploring negotiated land acquisition, disclosing information and engaging in consultations, establishing a grievance mechanism, and resettlement monitoring and reporting.
63. The involuntary resettlement requirements apply to full or partial, permanent or temporary physical displacement (relocation, loss of residential land, or loss of shelter) and economic displacement (loss of land, assets, access to assets, income sources, or means of livelihoods) resulting from (i) involuntary acquisition of land, or (ii) involuntary restrictions on land use or on access to legally designated parks and protected areas. Resettlement is considered involuntary when displaced individuals or communities do not have the right to refuse land acquisition that results in displacement.
Safeguard Requirements 3: Indigenous Peoples .
64. The objective is to design and implement projects in a way that fosters full respect for Indigenous Peoples’ identity, dignity, human rights, livelihood systems, and cultural uniqueness as defined by the Indigenous Peoples themselves so that they (i) receive culturally appropriate social and economic benefits, (ii) do not suffer adverse impacts as a result of projects, and (iii) can participate actively in projects that affect them.
65. For operational purposes, the term Indigenous Peoples is used in a generic sense to refer to a distinct, vulnerable, social and cultural group possessing the following characteristics in varying degrees: 1. self identification as members of a distinct indigenous cultural group and recognition of this identity by others; 2. collective attachment to geographically distinct habitats or ancestral territories in the project area and to the natural resources in these habitats and territories; 3. customary cultural, economic, social, or political institutions that are separate from those of the dominant society and culture; and 4. a distinct language, often different from the official language of the country or region.
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66. In considering these characteristics, national legislation, customary law, and any international conventions to which the country is a party will be taken into account.
67. Guidelines provide a rational approach for determining environmental category of the Project, the need for public consultation and disclosure, environmental management planning, and resolving involuntary resettlement, indigenous people and gender issues.
68. Activities carried out under the project needs to conform to current laws in Tajikistan and sound social and environmental principles. In general, the project activities will not trigger serious impacts on physical and human environment.
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C Description of the Project
C.1 Type of project
69. The Project comprises three outputs: (i) Better road conditions and enhanced road safety on CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 and associated sub network, (ii) . Extended access to local communities, and (iii) institutional strengthening. Among physical components under the outputs are: :
Vose – Hovaling Road Rehabilitation . This component will upgrade the existing 88 kilometer road segment to the required Tajikistan road standards (Category IV). Typical works, divided into Project phases, include: • Pre construction – During this phase the Contractor shall undertake the following activities; Traffic Management Plan; Land Acquisition; Site Clearing Works; Demolition of Structures and Removal of Debris; Removal of Trees; Relocation of Existing Services; and preparation of a Site Specific Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP) • Detailed Design – On completion of the Pre construction phase the Contractor must prepare detailed design for the construction of new and widening/rehabilitation of the old bridges, and the cross drainage works, taking into account the design concepts prepared during the feasibility study and the requirements of the IEE & EMP. • Construction – The detailed design will occur in conjunction with the Construction phase of the project (Design Build). The main construction phase aspects include; construction and rehabilitation of retaining structures, bridges, drainage, earthworks and pavement. In addition, Project works will also include the opening and operation of borrow pits, quarries, asphalt plants and construction camps. • Operation and Maintenance From the Commencement Date to the date of Taking Over of the Works by the Employer (the MOT), the Contractor shall be solely responsible for routine, winter and emergency maintenance.
Sayron - Karamik Road Rehabilitation. This part of the project includes: • The construction of asphalt concrete overlays of the existing pavement from Sayron to the Kyrgyzstan border at Karamik (89km). • Excavation and removal of unstable materials from the upper parts of unstable slopes and construction of sub soil drains and earth retaining structures at a limited number of road sections. • The construction of a limited number of retaining structures necessary to stabilize unstable slopes. Such structures include stone masonry walls with cement mortar and gabion retaining walls • Lining of earth side drains at locations where the there is underground water seepage for side slopes or where road side drains are used as small irrigation channels. • Removal of damaged guard rails and the construction of masonry guard walls.
No other actions, such as road widening, cutting or fill, changes to alignment, tree felling, etc, will occur. Strengthening of the road with the additional layer of asphalt is required to
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination address the deterioration of the pavement due to higher than predicted road use (specifically by heavy goods vehicles).
Improving 30 km rural access roads. Minor upgrading of about 30 km connecting feeder roads in Vose and Khovaling districts to an all weather surface will further improve access to basic social services, such as schools, hospitals, and local markets.
Lighting of the Road . This component includes the construction of solar powered street lights in villages within the Project corridors, a centralized solar power system for one un electrified village close to the Sayron – Karamik road and solar homes systems for remote households close to the Vose – Hovaling Road.
C.2 Category of Project
70. Based on the existing ADB Environmental Safeguards Policy (2009), this Project falls under ADB’s project Category B . This category is defined as:
“Projects with potential to cause less significant fewer environmental impacts than Category A, yet still require a prescribed level of environmental management to protect the environment. For these projects an initial environmental examination (IEE) could be considered as final environmental assessment report if the stated document determines that an environmental impact assessment (EIA) is not required for the project under examination ”.
C.3 Need for the Project
72. Tajikistan is landlocked and depends on transport corridors for investment, job creation, trade, and ultimately economic growth and poverty reduction. High transport costs, owing to ailing transport infrastructure and low network connectivity coupled with geographic isolation and mountainous terrain, pose a significant barrier to the country’s economic and social development. The backbone of Tajikistan’s national road network, comprising three CAREC corridors and three Asian Highways (AH), has been largely improved with assistance from the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other development partners. 4 This enables Tajikistan to serve as an important transit route in the Central Asian region. With continued trade facilitation support from ADB 5 and other development partners, and the planned rail line extension to connect with the Afghanistan railway network, the synergistic effect will offer new opportunities to intensify
4 CAREC Corridor 3 (concurrently AH65) runs east west from the border with Uzbekistan through Dushanbe to the border with Kyrgyz Republic; CAREC Corridor 6 (concurrently AH7) runs north south from the border with Uzbekistan through Dushanbe to the border with Afghanistan; CAREC Corridor 5 overlaps with Corridor 3 from the border with Kyrgyz Republic up to Dushanbe, and with Corridor 6 from Dushanbe to the border with Afghanistan; AH66 starts at Dushanbe, passing through Vakhdat, Dangara, Vose, Kulob, Khorug, and Murgob, before reaching Kulma Pass (to the People’s Republic of China). 5 ADB. 2013. Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors: Proposed Loan and Grants to Kyrgyz Republic and the Republic of Tajikistan for the Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Regional Improvement of Border Services Project. Manila.
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination regional cooperation and trade, particularly with Tajikistan’s admission to the World Trade Organization on 2 March 2013.
73. The overlapping portion of CAREC Corridors 3 and 5—Dushanbe to the border with Kyrgyz Republic—is a largely two lane highway of about 340 km. Around 160 km of the road passes along deep riverbanks and is difficult to widen as constrained by mountainous topography. Because of the government’s stretching limited budget for longer road section improvement at the time of project design in 2006 and the low traffic forecasted at the time, design for the Sayron Karamik section adopted one asphalt concrete layer. 6 Additionally, other rehabilitation work such as rock excavation, drainage, and concrete retaining walls was reduced in quantity due to a lack of funds. Rehabilitation of the section was completed in August 2011. Presently, the traffic has surged in both volume and axle loading along the section, degrading the pavement condition faster than initially designed. 7 There is an imminent need to enhance the Sayron Karamik section to extend road service life, and improve road safety and maintenance for better serviceability. Moreover, the traffic capacity on CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 is likely to be realized earlier than planned, necessitates improving connectivity and capacity of associated sub network.8
74. Vose Khovaling Tavidara road extends the first ADB assisted road in Tajikistan, starting at AH66 and connecting through the Darband Tavidara Kalaikhumb road to the CAREC Corridors 3 and 5. This road was a republican road during the Soviet Union time but has seriously deteriorated due to prolonged inadequate maintenance and recent flood damage, causing transport difficulty and safety concerns. The government prioritized rehabilitating the Vose Khovaling road, with the Khovaling Tavidara road to follow afterwards. Improvements to this link will cut travel time almost in half from KGZ TAJ border to the Khatlon Province, opening a new trade corridor in the most populous region in Tajikistan, providing easier access to southern markets, and enhancing economic connections with CAREC Corridors 3 and 5, AH 66, and Afghanistan and beyond. 9
6 ADB. 2007. Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors: Proposed Loan and Asian Development Fund Grant to the Republic of Tajikistan for the CAREC Regional Road Corridor Improvement Project . Manila. The project will be closed in September 2013 upon completion of the ongoing institutional strengthening component. 7 Traffic on the CAREC Corridor 3/5 grows at about 15% per year in the period of 2005– 2012. International traffic passing Karamik border increased from about 10 trucks per day in 2006 to around 100 trucks per day in 2012. Average daily traffic on the Corridor in 2012 reached 2,000 vehicles comprising over 50% trucks. 8 For example, rehabilitation of the Kurgonteppa Dangara road is largely completed; extensional rehabilitation work for Dangara Khovaling road is ongoing. Improvement of the Darband TAvidara Kalaikhumb road that links CAREC Corridors 3 and 5 to AH66 is planned for 2014, of which the project feasibility study is close to completion. Various sections of the AH66 between Kulob and Murgob are being rehabilitated or planned for improvement in 3 to 5 years. 9 The road will alleviate future traffic pressure to the national capital by providing a new conduit for traffic bound for the country’s south part or Afghanistan and beyond. Multi modal goods transport at Vose rail station was functioning efficiently before the Tajik rail line got disconnected to Uzbekistan rail network. With the extension of southern Tajik rail line to connect with Afghanistan railway network, goods can be again efficiently transported to Afghanistan and beyond through either AH66 and CAREC Corridor 5/6 or the planned rail network.
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75. Improvement of regional and national transportation network remains the government top priority, as stressed in the government’s Poverty Reduction Strategy 2013–2015, and Tajikistan’s National Development Strategy 2007–2015. The project is part of the country’s Transport Sector Development Program up to 2025 and included in the government’s 2013–2015 Public Investment Program. It also fits well with ADB’s Strategy 2020 in two core operational areas (infrastructure and regional cooperation and integration) and is in line with the ADB’s country partnership strategy for Tajikistan (2010–2014). 10
76. ADB assistance in Tajikistan’s transport sector has been successful. The government and development partners recognize transport as one of ADB’s main areas of expertise. The project design incorporates key lessons learned from past experience including (i) obtaining government assurances on project sustainability, (ii) expanding the project’s social development benefits for more inclusive development, and (iii) using advance contracting to avoid initial implementation delays.
C.3.1 Indicative Implementation Arrangements
77. The Ministry of Transport (MOT) will be the executing agency. The MOT has implemented six ADB assisted road projects since 1998 and has the reasonable project management capacity. The project implementation unit (PIU) staffs have the necessary experience and skills. Technical departments of MOT will also assist the PIU during project implementation. Project implementation will take about 3.5 years. C.4 Locations & Size of Operations C.4.1 Project Locations
78. The Vose – Hovaling Road begins in central Vose which is located approximately 120 kilometers south east of Dushanbe. The road traverses the valley slopes and floor of the Yakhsu river and several small villages for approximately 60 kilometers before moving away from the Yakhsu river valley before reaching Hovaling eighty eight kilometers from Vose. The Sayron – Karamik Road is located approximately 250 kilometers north east of Dushanbe and forms part of CAREC corridors 3 & 5.The connecting feeder roads will be sited in Vose and Khovaling districts. The roads to be repaired and their exact location will be defined by local governments .The Lighting of the Roads solar projects will be located in villages close to both roads. Figure C-1 provides a location map of the two roads within the context of Tajikistan. A schematic presentation of the Sayron – Karamik road and Vose – Hovaling road alignments are provided by Figure C-2 and Figure C3. C.5 Scope of Works C.5.1 Vose to Hovaling Road: Project Phases
79. The Project is being undertaken in several phases as follows:
10 The improvement of Sayron–Karamik section was included in the Country Operations Business Plan for Tajikistan (2013–2014). The government sent a letter on 6 December 2012 requesting ADB assistance for financing also the Vose–Khovaling road.
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1. Feasibility / Preliminary Design The Contract for the Project is funded by the ADB and the GoT. In March 2013, ADB engaged a team of individual international consultants and the Tajik Design Institute (the Consultants) to prepare a feasibility study (including this IEE) and preliminary design for the Project Road, as well as the Bidding Documents . The conceptual designs the Consultants prepared during the feasibility study were included in the Bidding Documents. These drawings will be provided to the Contractor for an initial understanding and guidance. The geotechnical, hydrological, materials investigation and technical reports, including the EMP will be provided to the Contractor with the Bidding Documents but are not Contract Documents. They are provided to the Contractor only for initial information and understanding of the context of the project.
2. Pre-construction – During this phase the following activities will be undertaken: • Traffic Management Plan - Within 14 days after the Commencement Date, the Contractor must submit its Traffic Management Plan (TMP) to the Engineer for approval. • Land Acquisition - Under the terms of the Grant of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), before the commencement of the construction works at any part of the site, the Employer must prepare the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (the LARP), obtain the approval of ADB and then implement the plan and acquire the land. The LARP for this contract was prepared on the basis of the alignment established as part of the preliminary design. The LARP will be processed by the Employer and ADB during the bidding period, and it does not require any action of the Contractor. It will be approved and implemented before the Commencement Date. The Contractor shall prepare geometric design of the road in such a way that no land acquisition in addition to that included in the LARP is required in consequence of the design.
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Figure C-1: Project Locations ( source: Ministry of Transport )
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Figure C-2
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Figure C-311
11 This map shows KMO at Vose, in fact KM0 is in Hovaling. May 2012 35
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• Site Clearing Works - The Works include the following site clearing works within or adjacent to the RoW of the Project Road, in accordance with the Drawings or instructions of the Engineer: - Clearing and grubbing. - Cutting, removing and disposing of trees and stumps of any size. - Demolition, removal and disposal of existing fences, structures/buildings or parts of structures or buildings. - Removal and disposal of traffic signs, sign posts and their foundations. - Demolition, removal and disposal of existing bridges including foundations, abutments, piers, retaining walls, riverbank and waterway protection works. - Demolition, removal and disposal of existing culverts, inlet and outlet structures, headwalls, concrete drains, channel lining, and erosion protection works. - Removal of and any other natural or artificial objects within the RoW. - Backfilling and compacting cavities remaining after the removal of trees, stumps, or any other incidental works. - Removal and disposal of all vegetation and debris within the designated limits of the Right of Way. - Any other works incidental to demolition, tree cutting and site clearance. • Planning the Site Clearing Activities - Four weeks after the Commencement Date, the Contractor must submit to the Engineer a time program, including a detailed Schedule of Site Clearance and Demolition Works. • Demolition of Structures and Removal of Debris - The Employer will notify the affected persons after receiving the Contractor’s Schedule of Site Clearance and Demolition Works. If the structures or other objects belonging to the affected persons are not removed within 30 days after the notification, it is the Contractor who must demolish and remove all structures and objects from the Right of Way. • Removal of Trees - The persons affected by land acquisition are entitled to cut and remove the trees from their land that will be acquired for the Project Road. If they do not use this entitlement after the Employer’s notification, the Contractor must cut and remove all such trees or the remaining stumps. The Contractor must also remove from the existing Right of Way the trees from the land owned by the local authorities or public. • Relocation of Existing Services - The Works include the relocation of all services affecting the construction of the Project Road within the Right of Way. The services include the following - water mains - overhead electric supply lines - underground telephone cables - sewer mains • Site Specific Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP) During this period the Contractor shall be responsible during for the preparation of his own SSEMP to conform with this IEE and its EMP. The SSEMP shall be completed with 30 days of the signing of the Contract to ensure that all EMP measures are included within the Pre construction activities. The SSEMP shall be updated on completion of the Pre construction phase and prior to the start of detailed design
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and construction when all of the final environmental aspects, such as locations of borrow pits, quarries, construction camps, etc, are known.
80. The period between the end of the Pre construction Phase and the commencement of the Detailed Design / Construction Phase is not currently know and will be determined by the Contractor. Any significant delay between the phases may result in environmental impacts such as soil erosion from lack of erosion protection construction and plantings, or potential issues arising from the removal of traffic signs. As such it is recommended that the Contractor shall limit the period between these phases so as to reduce, as far as practical, these impacts.
3. Detailed Design – On completion of the Pre construction phase the Contractor must prepare detailed design for the construction of new and rehabilitation of the old bridges, and the cross drainage works, taking into account the design concepts prepared during the feasibility study and the requirements of the IEE & EMP. However, it must verify the accuracy and appropriateness of the conceptual designs, and carry out and rely on its own surveys, geotechnical, hydrological and site investigation and design of the Works.
4. Construction – The detailed design will occur in conjunction with the Construction phase of the project. The main construction phase aspects are described in detail below.
5. Operation and Maintenance From the Commencement Date to the date of Taking Over of the Works by the Employer, the Contractor shall be solely responsible for routine, winter and emergency maintenance (including the removal of rockfalls). C.5.2 Vose to Hovaling Road: Major Components and Design Characteristics
Road Standards and Typical Profiles
81. The Project Road is classified as a Category IV road. Table C-1 provide an overview of the Geometric Standards for Category IV roads (according to SNiP 2.05.02 85)
Table C-1: Geometric Design Standards for Category IV Roads Description Design Standard Road Category IV Design Speed Flat Rolling Mountainous (km/h) 80 60 40 Lane Carriagewa Shoulder Shoulder Roadbed Cross- No. of Lanes Width y Width Strengthening Width (m) Width (m) sectional (m) (m) Width (m) Elements (m) 2 3.0 6.0 2.0(1.0) 0.5 10.0(8.0) Roadway Shoulder Cross Slope, % 2.0(2.5) 4.0
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Maximum Superelevation 6 % Minimum General Mountain General Mountain General Mountain Radius in Plan (m) 300 250 150 125 60 Maximum 6 7 9 Grade, %
Minimum Sight Stopping Passing Stopping Passing Stopping Passing Distance 150 250 85 170 55 110 Minimum Crest Sag Crest Sag Crest Sag Vertical Curve Radius (m) General Mountain General Mountain General Mountain 5000 2500 1000 2000 1000 1500 600 1000 3000
82. Appendix E illustrates typical cross sections of a Category IV road.
Retaining Structures
86. The following types of earth retaining structures may be considered by the Contractor: • Stone masonry walls with cement mortar; • Gabion works for retaining walls, river groynes, scour protection and channel lining works; • Stone masonry revetment walls with cement mortar; • Mechanically Stabilized Earth (MSE) walls with gabion facia; and • Debris detention structures for alluvial fans.
83. An indicative list of locations where the construction of retaining structures may be required is provided in Appendix D. However, it is the responsibility of the Contractor to identify the exact locations and types of retaining structures required for the stability of the road and the slopes, the prevention of erosion or stone falls, and to provide detailed design of all such structures.
Bridges
84. Twelve bridges will be constructed or widened during the project works. Table C- 2 below provides summary details of the bridges and their locations.
Table C-2: Vose – Hovaling Bridges
of of ent ent (m) No. No. urse urse type/ type/ Name Name spans spans length n (km) Bridge Bridge settlem Locatio Nearest Nearest Number Number Waterco
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1 2 3 5 6 7 1 86+756 Bifurcation gully 19.10 1 Replace with 4.0 х 2.5 m 2 83+900 Zarkoron gully rectangular RCC culvert 3 82+184 gully 17.86 1
4 81+728 Imam Ali gully 12.55 1 5 80+275 Chorbogh, Imam Ali gully 12.55 1 6 79+505 Kaduchi gully 15.16 1
7 78+438 Kaduchi gully 15.16 1
8 59+706 Nonchemas gully 10.10 1
9 48+419 Pushyony bolo gully 10.10 1
10 10+809 Lohuti riv. ObiMazar 73.20 3
11 3+383 Jonbakht riv. Jonbakht 25.10 1
12 1+861 Khovaling riv. ObiMazar 73.20 3
TOTAL 284.08 15
Note: N new bridge; R rehabilitation of existing bridge
85. The construction of new and widening of the existing bridges includes but is not limited to the following parts of the structures and associated works: • Foundations • Substructure including bridge bearings • Superstructure, including construction of expansion and deformation joints and footpaths • Deck pavement including hydro isolation, drainage, hand railing, and conduits for services • Approach slabs • Slope treatments in front and around the abutments • Construction and maintenance of traffic detours • Scour and erosion protection of the waterway areas and river bank protection upstream and downstream of the bridge crossing, and removal of old foundations and substructure from the waterways • All necessary and incidental items required for a complete bridge • All new and widened bridges must be designed for the life expectancy of 75 years • The bridge rehabilitation and strengthening works must be designed for the life expectancy of 50 years
Culverts
86. Project works include the survey, investigation, design and construction of cross drainage structures (culverts), including inlet and outlet structures and associated works
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination in accordance with the Specification. The scope of the cross drainage works under the Contract includes: • Complete replacement of existing culverts which are old, structurally deficient or undersized; • Extension of existing culverts which are of adequate design and in good condition; • Construction of new culverts at locations where no cross drainage structure existed before; • Clearing and re excavation of inlet and outlet channels of all structures for the minimum length of 10 m, or as instructed by the Engineer; • Cleaning of existing culverts which are partially or completely silted; • Miscellaneous repair of the existing culvert joints, headwalls, wing walls, and scour and erosion protection works; and • Construction of new scour protection and channel lining works.
87. Indicative locations, length and types of the cross drainage works are shown in the Indicative Schedule of Cross Drainage Structures in Appendix C. They are provided to assist the Contractor assess the scope of the drainage works. All new and extended cross drainage structures must be constructed after a detailed engineering assessment of the actual site conditions and cross drainage requirements.
Other Drainage Structures
88. Surface runoff from the carriageway and all other pavements, and cut and embankment slopes must be discharged through longitudinal drains designed for adequate cross section, bed slopes, invert levels and the outfalls. The Works include construction of the drainage system components in urban and rural areas according to the types, dimensions, classes and material requirements for this work shown on the Typical Cross Section Drawings. The Contractor must verify the design of the entire storm water drainage system of the Project Road to ascertain whether the types and locations of the surface, sub surface and cross drainage for the pavements, shoulders, embankments and cut areas are adequate. If the verification shows that the type of drains determined on the basis of the Typical Cross sections of the road is inadequate, the Contractor must amend the typical design accordingly.
Earthworks
89. The Works include the following types of earthworks necessary for the construction of the Project Road and all associated works: 1. Removal of topsoil. 2. Construction of embankments. 3. Construction of subgrade. 4. Excavations in cuts. 5. Excavation and removal of the existing pavement materials and the existing road embankment. 6. Removal and replacement of unsuitable materials. 7. Structural excavation. 8. Excavation for the construction of side drainage and cross drainage works. 9. Excavation for the removal and relocation of the existing utilities. June 2013 40
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10. All backfilling necessary for the construction of bridges, retaining walls or other earth retaining structures, cross drainage structures and associated works, side drains and erosion protection work. 11. Preparation of beddings and filters for all structural, cross drainage, side drains or pavement works. 12. Excavation, filling or backfilling necessary for the execution of any other incidental works.
90. Table C-3 indicates the earthworks and pavement quantities for the Project Road.
Table C -3: Vose – Hovaling Earthworks Description Unit Quantity Clearing and grubbing of trees diameter less than 24cm no. 10.00 Clearing and grubbing of trees diameter more than no. 24.00 32cm Stripping of topsoil m3 150.00 Road bed excavation and excavation in cut m3 860,642.00 Pothole patching: excavation and removal of unsuitable m3 500.00 material Pothole patching: replacement of unsuitable material m3 500.00 with granular subbase material compacted in 100mm thick layers Excavation in rock m3 11,000.00 Embankment Construction for roads and associated m3 101,310.00 works up to bridge pay lines Subgrade Preparation (Type 2) m2 74,800.00 Preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer m2 880,000.00 (Subgrade Preparation Type 1) Dismantling of existing concrete structures, loading on m3 266.00 trucks and haulage of up to 3km Removal and transportation of existing bituminous m3 56,000.00 pavement (average transport distance up to 24 km) Structural excavation for culverts, headwalls, wingwalls m3 13,922.00 and retaining walls Structural Excavation in rock for retaining walls m3 600.00 Granular backfill behind retaining walls m3 9,600.00 Granular backfill to culverts, headwalls, wingwalls and m3 1,314.10 bedding for culverts
Pavement
91. The road pavement shall be rehabilitated using one of the following methods:
Rehabilitation Type R1 This is the predominant rehabilitation method to be applied on the road sections where cut or fill is not required The rehabilitation method shall include the following activities: June 2013 41
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• Replacement of unsuitable materials below existing pavement and compaction of the substitute material in layers; • Removal of existing asphalt; • Subgrade preparation/preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer (Type 1); • Construction of the leveling sub base course layer of variable thickness, minimum 200 mm thick; • Construction of base course layer with a uniform thickness of 200 mm; and • Placing a 6 cm thick layer of Hot Asphalt Pavement for Wearing Course (d=12mm)
Rehabilitation Type R2 This rehabilitation method shall be applied at sections of the road in cut or fill: • Removal of existing asphalt (not required for embankments higher than 0.6m); • Excavation in cut, or construction of the embankment; • Subgrade preparation (Type 2); • Construction of 250 mm thick sub base course layer of uniform thickness; • Construction of base course layer of a uniform thickness of 200 mm; and • Placing a 6 cm thick layer of Hot Asphalt Pavement for Wearing Course (d=12mm).
Rehabilitation Type R3 This rehabilitation method shall be applied inside Hovaling. The leveling course shall comprise a minimum 200 mm thick base course layer of variable thickness. The rehabilitation method shall include the following activities: • Replacement of unsuitable materials below existing pavement and compaction of the substitute material in layers (potholes repair); • Removal of existing asphalt; • Subgrade preparation/preparation of the underlying granular pavement layer (Type 1); • Constructing a leveling base course layer of variable thickness, min 20 cm; • Placing a 6 cm thick layer of Hot Asphalt Pavement for Binder Course (d=19mm); and • Placing a 4 cm thick layer of Hot Asphalt Pavement for Wearing Course (d=12mm).
92. The Contractor shall repair potholes before applying any rehabilitation method. It shall be carried out by excavating and removing unsuitable material at locations of potholes or soft spots identified by visual inspection, and filling in and compaction of granular sub base material.
Subsoil Drainage
93. The Contractor must determine where subsoil drainage is required to ensure adequate drainage of pavement subgrade. Subsoil drains will be constructed at the following locations: • Known hillside seepage, high water table or isolated springs areas;
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• Irrigated, flood prone or other poorly drained areas; • Highly moisture susceptible subgrade (commonly displaying high plasticity or low soaked CBRs); and • Any other location where it is necessary to drain ground water or seepage from the subgrade or sub base in the cut or fill areas.
Removal of Asphalt
94. The Contractor shall remove the existing bituminous pavement layers and stockpile this material at locations that will be specified by the Employer and instructed by the Engineer. The existing bituminous pavement material removed from the section of the road shall be stockpiled at a specified locations determined by the DEU.
95. The maximum length of the road from which asphalt pavement can be removed without being covered with the levelling course will be limited based on the Contractor’s capacity to place and complete levelling course. At any point of time, the maximum length of the section of the road from which asphalt pavement has been removed, which may be left without being fully covered by a completed levelling course layer shall not exceed 3 km. The potential exists for the reuse of this asphalt material and this issue will be discussed further within the section of the IEE relating to impacts and mitigation.
Permanent Ancillary Features
96. The Works include the design and construction of Bus Stops and bus shelters. The Contractor must prepare a detailed design based on the conceptual drawing prepared during the preliminary design. A preliminary schedule of bus stops is provided in the Typical Drawings to the Contractor. However, the exact locations of bus stops will be finalized after the consultations between the Contractor, the Employer and the Engineer, according to the instructions of the Employer. C.5.3 Vose to Hovaling Road: Source of Materials
Quarries & Borrow Pits
97. The exploitation of the borrow pits and quarries will be conducted by the licensed companies or the Contractor will obtain its own licenses. The exact locations of quarry and borrow sites will be determined by the Contractor and specified within the SSEMP. The Project will not implement any exploration activities from illegal sources. As an indicator the following sources may be available
Table C -4: Vose – Hovaling Potential Quarry & Borro w Sites # Location and Name Material 1 Borrow pit 1 in the flood plain of river Obi Mazor, Pebbles (limestone, sandstone) between km 1 and km 2, at the distance of 100 m with inclusion of rubbles (50%) form the road axe. River goes in parallel with the road. There is access ground road to the borrow pit 2 Borrow pit 2 is in the floodplain of river Mazor – Pebbles (limestone, sandstone)
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between km 8 and km 9, the distance from the road with inclusion of rubbles (50%) center is 500 m. River goes in parallel with the road. There is access ground road to the borrow pit 3 Borrow pit 3 – is in the flood plain of Yahsu river Pebbles (limestone, sandstone) between km 45 and km 46, at the distance of 500 with inclusion of rubble (50%) 600 m from the road axis. River goes in parallel with the road. 4 Quarry 1 Pebbles with inclusion of rubbles (50%). Size of rubbles – 0,5 m 5 Quarry 2 Pebbles with inclusion of rubbles (50%). Size of rubbles – 0,5 m 6 Quarry 3 Pebbles with inclusion of rubbles (50%). Size of rubbles – 0,5 m 7 Quarry 4 – along the road alignment Loamy soil, clay sand
Asphalt Plants
98. The Contractor will be responsible for ensuring the asphalt facilities comply with the EMP and that all necessary permits to operate are obtained from the local authorities including the DEPs.
Water
99. Non potable water will be derived from the Yakhsu River. The locations of the extraction points have yet to be determined, although they should be approved by the Engineer and DEP prior to the start of extraction. Potable water will also need to be sourced for construction camps.
C.5.4 Vose to Hovaling Road: Temporary Storage Areas
Construction Camps
100. Camp sites will be selected keeping in view the availability of an adequate area for establishing camp sites, including parking areas for machinery, stores and workshops, access to communication and local markets, and an appropriate distance from sensitive areas in the vicinity. Final locations will be selected by the Contractor after the approval from the DEP and the Engineer.
101. The area requirement for construction camps will depend upon the workforce deployed and the type and quantity of machinery mobilized. In view of the area required, it will not be possible to locate camp sites within the RoW and the contractors will have to acquire land on lease from private landowners. The construction camp will have facilities for site offices, workshop and storage yard, and other related facilities including fuel storage.
102. The Contractor will provide the following basic facilities in the construction camps:
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• Safe and reliable water supply. • Hygienic sanitary facilities and sewerage system. • Treatment facilities for sewerage of toilet and domestic wastes • Storm water drainage facilities. • Sick bay and first aid facilities.
103. Detailed criteria for siting of construction camps and establishment of facilities are given in the EMP.
Storage Areas
104. Temporary storage areas will be required for certain activities, such as the storage of sand and gravels and construction equipment. These storage areas may range in size from anything between 50 m 2 to more than a hectare. The precise locations of these temporary facilities is not known at this stage, as such mitigation measures shall be prepared to ensure that these areas are sited in approved locations.
C.5.5 Vose to Hovaling Road: Road Safety
105. The scope of the Permanent Works includes the planning, manufacturing and installation of traffic signs and application of pavement markings along the entire length and for all features of the Project Road. The Contractor must also provide all traffic signs required for the Project Road according to the standards referenced in the Employer’s Special Requirements. The following types of traffic signs must be installed along the Project Road: 1. Warning Signs 2. Regulatory Signs 3. Signs for all off ramp/adjacent roads 4. Information and Direction Signs
106. In addition, the Works include the construction/manufacturing and installation of different types of safety barriers steel guardrail, kilometer posts and guide posts in accordance with the Employer’s Requirements.
107. The main road safety benefits the project will deliver are the following: • Reduced risk of vehicles leaving their lane to avoid potholes and surface deformations; • Reduced risk of accidents due to road hazards, e.g. flooding of roadway, foreign objects (falling rocks) on roadway; • Improved sight distances due to improved vegetation control; • Better separation between pedestrians and vehicles; and • Better night driving conditions due to wider carriageway and improved pavement centerline markings.
108. Some of these advantages could be partially offset by the higher speeds which will be possible after the road improvements.
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C.5.5 Sayron to Karamik Road: Project Phases
109. The Project is being undertaken in two phases as follows:
Pre-construction – During this phase the following activities will be undertaken:
• Traffic Management Plan - Within 14 days after the Commencement Date, the Contractor must submit its Traffic Management Plan (TMP) to the Engineer for approval. • Site Specific Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP) During this period the Contractor shall be responsible during for the preparation of his own SSEMP to conform with this IEE and its EMP. The SSEMP shall be completed with 30 days of the signing of the Contract to ensure that all EMP measures are included within the Pre construction activities. The SSEMP shall be updated on completion of the Pre construction phase and prior to the start of detailed design and construction when all of the final environmental aspects, such as locations of borrow pits, quarries, construction camps, etc, are known.
Rehabilitation – works include: • The construction of asphalt concrete overlays of the existing pavement. • Excavation and removal of unstable materials from the upper parts of unstable slopes and construction of sub soil drains and earth retaining structures at a limited number of road sections. • The construction of a limited number of retaining structures necessary to stabilize unstable slopes. Such structures include stone masonry walls with cement mortar and gabion retaining walls • Lining of earth side drains at locations where the there is underground water seepage for side slopes or where road side drains are used as small irrigation channels. • Removal of damaged guard rails and the construction of masonry guard walls.
No other actions, such as road widening, cutting or fill, changes to alignment, tree felling, etc, will occur. Strengthening of the road with the additional layer of asphalt is required to address the deterioration of the pavement due to higher than predicted road use (specifically by heavy goods vehicles).
C.5.6 Sayron to Karamik Road: Source of Materials
Quarries & Borrow Pits
110. The exploitation of the borrow pits and quarries will be conducted by licensed companies. The exact locations of suitable borrow sites and quarries will be determined by the Contractor and specified within the SSEMP. There is an existing licensed quarry and rock crushing plant at KM 44.1 which was used as part of the previous project and
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination may be used again as part of the current Project. The Project will not implement any exploration activities from illegal sources.
Asphalt Plants
111. One existing asphalt plant has been identified at KM44.1. The licensed plant was used as part of the previous road rehabilitation Project and is fully functional.
112. There may be a requirement for an additional asphalt plant, if this is the case the Contractor will be responsible for operating the plant and ensuring the facilities comply with the EMP and that all necessary permits to operate are obtained from the local authorities including the DEPs.
Water
113. Non potable water will be derived from the Surghob River. The locations of the extraction points have yet to be determined, although they should be approved by the Engineer and DEP prior to the start of extraction. Potable water will also need to be sourced for construction camps. C.5.7 Sayron to Karamik Road: Temporary Storage Areas
Construction Camps
114. An existing construction camp is located at KM24.6. This functioning camp that was constructed as part of the previous rehabilitation project will be used again.
Storage Areas
115. Temporary storage areas will be required for certain activities, such as the storage of construction equipment. The precise locations of these temporary facilities is not known at this stage, as such mitigation measures shall be prepared to ensure that these areas are sited in approved locations.
C.6 Contracting and Institutional Issues
Contracting Procedures
116. Contracting Procedures are an essential aspect of the Project Design. The Vose – Havaling and Sayron Karamik Projects shall incorporate procedures which include important safeguards, most notably the Site Specific Environmental Management Plan (SSEMP), the purpose of which is to make explicit the Contractor's documented and detailed understanding of the requirements of the EMP and to make their implementation both site specific (e.g., where water quality monitoring will be conducted pursuant to the requirements of the Contract) and time specific. It is important to note that, to be meaningful, the recommendations of the EMP must go beyond recommendations and become legally enforceable and incorporated in the bid and contract documents. June 2013 47
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Monitoring and Supervision
117. Supervision and monitoring are an equally important part of Project design. Supervision and monitoring provisions of the Vose – Havaling and Sayron Karamik Projects will be primarily the responsibility of the following:
• Engineer. The Engineer will be tasked with specific responsibility to ensure safeguard compliance of civil works with particular emphasis on the monitoring of implementation of SSEMP and related aspects of the Project. • Contractor's Environmental Specialist. The preparation of the SSEMP will require a licensed person. The Contractor will be required to retain expertise to do this work and must keep that person/firm to oversee the operation throughout the contract period.
118. Recommendations in regard to this aspect of the Project will be put forward in Section F: Environmental Management Plan and Section G: Conclusions and Recommendations. C.7 Lighting of the Road C.7.1 General
119. There are three sub components of the Lighting of the Road project: 1. Solar Street Lighting; 2. Un electrified Village; and 3. Dispersed un electrified households. C.7.2 Solar Street Lighting
120. All villages along both Vose – Hovaling and Sayron Karamik roads have been electrified by national utility grid. Ninety percent of the electricity is coming from hydro power but for four to five moths per year the villages face serious problems of power shortage in winter, usually from October to the following March. The power shortage is not only due to dry season, but also due to the load consumption which in winter is 3 4 times higher than that in summer. Accordingly, it is deemed necessary to build solar powered street light in all villages along the roads to guarantee the safety for vehicles and humans.
121. Solar powered street lights will be installed at all 19 villages along the roads with the space between lights being 35 meters. 400 solar powered street lights are required in totally for Sayron to Karamik and 270 lights are needed for the Vose – Hovaling Road. C.7.3 Un-electrified Village
122. The village of Kaftarguzor, Nurob Province, is located at mountain area 10.2 km away from the main road of Vakhdat to Karamik. There is no grid electricity supplied to the village of 47 households, so the current loads of residents in the village are only for lighting and the most of the residents are using kerosene lights. A few residents use June 2013 48
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination solar powered lights, but the size is very small. Accordingly a solar array will be built in the village to provide electricity. Preliminary studies indicate that the maximum load demand in the village will be 18.92 kW of peak load and 132.47 kWh of daily load consumption. The average load demand for each HH is 375W and 2.615 kWh per day.
123. Land to be used for installing PV panels has been identified during a field survey. The land is located just beside the road and right in the west of the village. Total area of the land is about 800 m2, that is enough to build 40kW PV array. The village is surrounded by mountains. The mountain in the south and the west is far away and the shading from south and west direction can be neglected. But in the east, the shading angle is 25 degree and about 1.5 hours of sunshine will be lost per day in averagely, which may share about 8% of annual total irradiation. C.7.4 Dispersed Un-electrified Households
124. Two villages, Momayi and Bughdoyak, have been identified within the vicinity of the Vose – Hovaling road that would be suitable for the installation of solar home systems. The households in the two villages are distributed in large open area and no shading problem exist. In such mountain areas, building of transmission lines will face difficulties, so the solar home systems are the best solution to provide electricity to the residents for such villages. In the future, the households at Momayi are expected to increase to 50 and at Bughdoyak to 30. So 80 households should be considered to be provided with the solar home systems.
129. There is no grid electricity supplied to either village. Some families have purchased solar lighting systems, the power range of the PV panels are from 20 100 Wp and the battery is car type lead acid. To supply power for lighting and satellite TV facilities, 200Wp solar home system is adequate. The Solar Home System will be used and managed by the residents themselves and there will be no cost for afterward O&M. The Government will subsidy the cost of SHS, but the electronic appliances (TV, Lights, Satellite Receiver, Refrigerator, etc.) should be purchased by the households. 300Wp SHS will be provided to each household. C.8 Alternatives
C.8.1 The No Action Alternative
125. Vose to Hovaling Road: The “No Action” Alternative in this instance is defined as a decision not to undertake the proposed construction of the Project Road. The “No Action” Alternative would result in the continued deterioration of the road, bridges and drainage structures along the Right of Way (RoW), thereby severely impeding the economic recovery of the Project Area and the country as a whole. All positive benefits would be foregone. The relatively minor, less than significant environmental impacts (such as noise and short term air quality impacts due to maintenance activities) and inconveniences (such as traffic diversions) would be avoided in the short run. In the long run, however, the steadily declining state of the roadway would severely hamper economic development in the area. In light of these considerations, the “No Action” Alternative is deemed to be neither prudent not in the best interest of Tajikistan or those with an interest in, and attempting to assist restoration of, Tajikistan’s well being. June 2013 49
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126. Sayron to Karamik Road : In this instance, the no action alternative would lead to further deterioration of the existing pavement. This would result in a considerable loss of the gains made by the previous rehabilitation project. Vehicle volumes may begin to reduce, travel costs will increase as will vehicle maintenance costs. Given the strategic nature of the road linking Tajikistan with Krgyzstan and China, the no action alternative is not deemed to be in the best interest of the continued development of Tajikistan.
127. Lighting of the Road : A no action alternative in the case of solar power for residents will have no negative impacts as the lives of the residents will continue their status quo. However, no action in terms of street lighting in villages may potentially result in additional traffic accidents due to the likely increase in traffic volumes that components 1 & 2 may generate. Accordingly the no action alternative for Lighting of the Road is not recommended primarily based on the issue of road safety.
C.8.2 Site Alternatives
128. Vose - Hovaling Road: Two potential alignments were considered as part of the Vose – Hovaling Road: • Alternative 1 At approximately KM34 the road turns left to follow the base of the valley slope bypassing the agriculturally productive valley floor and the village of Pushiyon. This route follows the base of the valley slopes encounters significant mudflow issues that have in the past blocked the road and caused significant damage to the road surface. Discussions with PIU indicated that developing this alignment would require more investment in terms of engineering works to mitigate mudflow issues (e.g. causeways and box culverts) and maintenance. However, once complete this option would reduce the periods of road closure due to mudflows and make driving safer for road users. • Alternative 2 This option continues straight ahead instead of taking the left turn and takes the route through the center of Pushiyon until it arrives at Pushiyon Bolo at approximately KM40 ( Figure C-4 illustrates Alternative 1 in white and Alternative 2 through Pushiyon in red (approximately 7km)). Alternative 2 through Pushiyon will avoid the engineering costs of Alternative 1, but there maybe some additional resettlement and compensations costs involved with this route and also potential safety issues as the road passes directly through Pushiyon village. Long terms noise impacts may also be an issue for residents in the village. Table C-6 provides a summary matrix of the potential impacts of both alignments and indicates that in environmental terms Alternative 1 has fewer potential impacts.
Figure C-4: Vose – Hovaling Alternative Alignment
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Table C-5: Summary of Alternative Alignments Impacts Alternative Soils & Geology & Geology Soils Topography Hydrology Natural Hazards Flora & Fauna Protected Areas Noise Health and Safety Resources Social Cultural Resources Total Air Quality Air Quality Agriculture
1 – Impact Occurring 1 3 1 1 2 2 1 Significance
2 Impact Occurring 2 1 3 1 1 3 3 1 13 Significance Significance rating; 2 = Beneficial, 1 = Low Negative, 3 = Moderate Negative, 5 = High Negative
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129. Sayron to Karamik Road : There are no alternative site options as the project component intends to provide an overlay of asphalt on the existing pavement.
130. The rural access roads will be selected from the list approved by MOT and local governments, based on (i) geographic location; (ii) safeguards consideration; (iii) social and economic aspects; and (iv) opportunities for cooperation with other poverty alleviation projects in the area. Consultations with local governments and residents of rural villages will be conducted in identifying roads for repair.
131. Lighting of the Road: Street lighting will be provided in all of the villages through which Project components 1 & 2 traverse. No other alternative street lighting locations are recommended as part of this Project.
C.9 Proposed schedule for implementation & Cost
Vose - Hovaling Sayron - Karamik Project duration: 30 months + DLP 12 months + DLP Start Date: 1 October 2013 1 February 2014 End Date: 1 April 2016 1 February 2015 Works ICB, starting on 3 ICB or a VO. If ICB it would start in Procurement: June 2013 August 2013 Cost USD 40 million USD 12 million
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D. Description of the Environment
132. This section of the report discusses the existing environmental and social conditions within the Project corridor of the Vose – Hovaling Road under the following headings: • Physical Resources (air quality, hydrology, topography, etc); • Ecological Resources (flora, fauna, protected areas); • Economic Resources (infrastructure, transport, land use, etc); • Social and Cultural Resources (health, education, noise, cultural resources, etc).
133. A detailed assessment of the existing environmental and social conditions of the Sayron – Karamik Road was undertaken in 2007 as part of the IEE for the ADB funded rehabilitation project of this road. A site visit to the Road in 2013 revealed that the environmental conditions are the same now as they were reported in 2007, and as such the reader is referred to this document for a detailed description of the environmental conditions as this section provides only a summary overview of conditions on this road. In addition, it should be noted that conditions such as soils, geology, hydrology, etc will not have changed since 2007 and as such repeating these items verbatim in this report is not considered warranted.
134. Due to the small scale of the proposed solar activities and their locations close to the Project Roads, only a short description of the environmental conditions in these areas is considered warranted and is provided as Appendix I. D.1 Physical Resources D.1.1 Air quality & Climate
Air Quality
135. Vose to Hovaling Road – No sources of industrial air emissions were noted within the remote road corridor. The main sources of other emissions to air can be classified as: • Burning of fossil fuels for heating, cooking and power within the residential areas (although this impact is being reduced as more portions of the valley become powered by hydroelectricity from Tajikistan’s vast hydro resources); • Vehicle engine emissions; and • Dust, including that generated from the movement of vehicles.
Figure D-1: Carbon Dioxide 136. The main emissions from the combustion Emissions in Central Asia of fuel in vehicle engines include Nitrogen Oxides June(thousand 2013 metric tonnes) 53
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(NOx), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs), Carbon Dioxide (CO 2) and Particulate Matter (PM). At present rates, these emissions levels are relatively low due to the low volume of traffic on the road.
137. Certain portions of the road are however, degraded to such an extent that vehicle movements in these areas create high volumes of PM or dust from the exposed surface, especially within the dry summer months. Heavy goods vehicles are a particular cause of these dust impacts.
138. As noted by Figure D-1 CO 2 emissions in Tajikistan are very low when compared regionally. Accordingly, any increase in CO 2 emissions resulting from increased numbers of journeys on the road will not result in significant impacts to regional CO 2 emissions.
139. Sayron – Karamik Road – No sources of industrial emissions are noted within this remote section of the road to Kyrgyzstan. In addition, due to the fact that the road has recently been rehabilitated with an asphalt surface, current levels of PM associated with vehicle movements are low.
Climate
140. General The climate of Tajikistan is continental, with considerable seasonal and daily fluctuations in temperature and humidity. The country’s very complicated relief structure, with huge variations in elevation, creates unique local climates with great temperature differences. The temperatures and precipitation levels for both the Project roads are illustrated by Tables D-1 & D-2.
Table D -1: Vose Temperature & Precipitation Month Average High Average Low Precipitation Temperature Temperature January 8 0 39 February 9 1 57 March 14 6 102 April 22 12 51 May 27 15 9 June 33 20 4 July 34 22 2 August 33 20 0 September 30 16 0 October 22 11 21 November 17 6 27 December 11 2 42
Source:
Table D -2: Jirgatol Temperature & Precipitation Month Average Temperature Precipitation January 7.4 69 February 5.6 69 June 2013 54
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March 0.2 91 April 7.7 121 May 13.2 112 June 17.7 47 July 21.5 8 August 21.8 2 September 16.8 12 October 9.0 28 November 2.2 46 December 3.2 55
141. Wind directions in the Vose - Hovaling corridor are north easterly and south easterly with average annual speeds of 2.8 meters per second. Appendix H illustrates the winds in the Project locations.
Climate Change
142. General Climate change has been identified as an increasing threat to the environment in Tajikistan. The greatest concern has been an increase in air temperature, which has serious implications for its glaciers and water resources. Ground air temperatures are increasing in most districts and high altitude zones. The biggest increase of annual mean temperature has been at Dangara at 1.2°C and Dushanbe at 1.0°C over a 65 year period. In mountainous areas, 1.0 1.2°C was observed in Hovaling, the location of the Vose – Hovaling road activity and also in Faizabad and Iskashim. There has also been an increase of the number of days maximum temperatures have reached 40°C or over. Figure D-2 indicates no change in temperature anomalies in the Sayron - Karamik area. There has been an increase in east and south east (warm) winds, and a decrease in west and south west (cold) winds. Thunderstorms and hailstorms, both associated with cold fronts, have decreased.
Figure D-2: Annual Air Temperature Anomalies in Tajikistan
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Source: Reaching the Tipping Point: Climate Change in Tajikistan. Oxfam, 2009.
143. Droughts will likely be more intense and frequent in the future. One of the worst droughts was in 2000 1 where, in the lowland arid region of the Amu Darya River Basin (e.g. Karakalpakstan), access to water was halved. According to the IPCC (2007) “the projected decrease in mean precipitation in Central Asia will be accompanied by an increase in the frequency of very dry spring, summer and autumn seasons. Changes in seasonality and amount of water flows from river systems are likely to occur due to climate change. Changes in runoff of river basins could have a significant effect on the power output of hydropower generating countries like Tajikistan, which is the third highest producer in the world.” 12
D.1.2 Topography
144. General Mountains occupy around 93% of Tajikistan. The main elements of Tajik geography are the following: the Kuramin Mountain Range and the Mogoltau Mountains, Fergana Depression, Hissar Alai Mountains (the South Tian Shan), the depressed area in southwestern Tajikistan (Tajik depression), and Pamir. Altitudes range from 300 to 7495 meters above sea level. The modern relief of Tajikistan is the result of activities of alpine tectonic movements of the earth surface as well as the denudation process. The majority plain territories of the country are the broad areas of river valleys or the vast depressions between the mountains. Most of the country’s population is concentrated in these particular areas along with the main fields of industrial production and agricultural potential of the county.
12 Impacts, Vulnerabilities and Adaptation, Fourth Assessment Report, IPCC, 2007 June 2013 56
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145. Vose to Hovaling Road – The existing alignment runs in a north south direction and comprises three distinct sections. The first section of the road starts in Hovaling (1471 meters above msl). The road follows the valley floor of the Obimazor River for approximately 15 kilometers before rising into the second distinct section of the road – the ridgeline of the river valley (1642 meters above msl). Figure D-3 & D-4 illustrates these two sections of the road. The road traverses the ridgeline (Figure D-5) for approximately 34 kilometers before descending into the adjacent valley of the Yakhsu River (889 meters above msl). The road continues through the valley floodplain which gently descends to a final elevation of approximately 500 meters above msl in Vose.
146. Sayron to Karamik Road – A detailed description of the topography of the road is provided by the 2007 IEE. A summary of the topography of this road is provided by Appendix B .
Figure D-3: Vose – Hovaling Topography, Sections 1 (yellow) & 2 (red).
Figure D-4: Vose – Hovaling Topography, Section 3 (green)
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Figure D-5: Vose – Hovaling Ridgeline
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D.1.3 SoilsH
Profiles
146. Vose to Hovaling Road Soil profiles in this area are typically loess, loamy sands and loamy soils, occasionally bench gravel upper Quaternary age, classically formed through wind deposition over arid or semi arid areas. The humus layer of the loess and loamy sands is fairly fertile and agriculture as noted by the extensive cultivation of the Yakhsu river floodplain. For these soils to be included into agricultural use they require irrigation and the use of mineral fertilizers. Figure D-6 illustrates an example of an irrigation system and agriculturally productive lands adjacent to the road close to Kaduchi. None of these systems are located within the RoW. Figure D-7 illustrates the soils of Tajikistan.
Figure D-6: Irrigation System, KM13
147. Sayron to Karamik Road – A detailed description of the soils of this region is provided by the 2007 IEE. In summary, the topsoil is well developed and is represented by mountain brown calcareous and mountain brown soils. Upper reach soils are high mountain meadow steppe and high mountain steppe.
Figure D-7: Soils of Tajikistan
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Fig. 2. D.1.4 Hydrology
148. General The rivers of Tajikistan are important sources of fresh water for the Aral Sea. The glaciers and permanent snow feed the rivers of the Aral Sea basin with over 13 km 3 of water a year. The major rivers are the Syr Darya (total length 2,400 km), which flows for 195 km across the Fergana Valley in the north, the Zaravshan, which runs through central Tajikistan, and the Kafirnigan, Vakhsh and Panj rivers, all of which together drain more than three fourths of Tajikistan’s territory.
149. Vose to Hovaling Road The Project Road is located within the Panj River Basin (See Figure D-8). Table D-3 provides a summary of the river basin characteristics.
Figure D-8: River Basins of Tajikistan 13
13 Source: Environmental Performance Review, Tajikistan. UN, 2004 June 2013 60
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Table D -3: Project River Basin Characteristics Basin Length Catchment Average Month of Total In area in annual water Maximum (km) Tajikistan Tajikistan discharge flow (km) (thousand (billion km 3) m3/year) Panj (Vose – Hovaling 921 65.0 31.8 July August Road) Vakhsh (Sayron – 524 31.2 19.6 July August Karamik Road) Source: Environmental Performance Review, Tajikistan. UN, 2004
150. The road follows the valley of the Obimazor river for its first 15 kilometers crossing the river at two points (KM1.8 & KM 10.8). Significant erosion of the river bank is occurring at approximately KM10. Figure D-9 indicates the location of this area in yellow and Figure D-10 illustrates the extent of the erosion. The road also crosses a tributary of the Obimazor, the Jonbakht river, at KM3.3. The road also traverses the valley of the Yaksu river, but does not come within 150 meters of the river itself. Water resources in the region are predominantly used for irrigation and domestic purposes. There are no major hydropower facilities in the Project area.
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Figure D-9: Location of River Bank Erosion (KM10)
151. According to certain reports, there has been recurring flooding has the Kulab district in 1998, 1999 and 2010 which has led to more than 100 deaths and $100-million worth of agricultural and infrastructure damages. 14 However a recent ADB funded program has attempted to provide riverbank protection measures along the Yakhsu river and provide early flood warning systems to help reduce the impacts of flooding in the floodplain.
Figure D-10: Extent of Erosion at KM10
14 http://www.forum adb.org/inner.php?sec=4&id=224&b=1 June 2013 62
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152. There are significant reserves of groundwater within the Panj alluvial fan. The water table is naturally high and therefore the groundwater resources are vulnerable to contamination. Figure D-11 illustrates that the Panj Basin has average levels of wastewater discharge when compared to other river basins in Tajikistan.
Figure D-11: Waste Water Discharge in Main River Basins
Source: Geoscience Database of Tajikistan: http://www.ngdtj.com/Default.asp?URL=http://www.ngdtj.com/Main.asp
153. Groundwater is observed mostly at the depths of 10 20 m. The following map (Figure D-12) shows the level of the groundwater table for the Project Area.
Figure D-12: Groundwater level in Project Area
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Source: Carec Tajikistan, 2012
154. Sayron to Karamik Road – Water resources of this area are dominated by the Surkhob river and its tributaries. A detailed description of the hydrology of this region is provided by the 2007 IEE. D.1.5 Geology
155. Vose to Hovaling Road – The geology of the Project area is referred to as the Tajik depression and is characterized by Neogene and Quaternary deposits. Within the river floodplains the road traverses alluvial materials (sand, pebbles). On the ridgeline the underlying geology comprises sandstone and siltstone. Figure D-13 illustrates the geology of the road corridor. Certain portions of the road will require retaining wall structures. Appendix D indicates the proposed locations for retaining wall structures.
Figure D-13: Geology of the Project Area
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156. Sayron to Karamik Road : A detailed description of the hydrology of this region is provided by the 2007 IEE. D.1.6 Natural Hazards and Disasters
157. General Probably the most forceful expressions of the consequences of loss of biodiversity and environmental degradation are natural disasters. Owing to its geography Tajikistan is particularly prone to water related disasters. Steep mountain slopes and unstable soils contribute to the approximately 50,000 landslides that occur annually. These fragile and unstable conditions make the land all the more susceptible to damage caused by human activity. Deforestation, cultivation and overgrazing of slopes, strip mining and road building exacerbate the instability of mountainous areas. Floods, mudflows, landslides and avalanches occur every year, destroying roads, bridges, embankments, construction and equipment. For instance, between 1997 and 2004, 5,900 km of roads, 760 bridges, 1,300 km of embankments and 3,800 km of irrigation works were destroyed at a cost of some 240 billion somoni, i.e about US$ 86 million. 15 The incidence of natural disasters causing casualties among inhabitants in risk areas
15 Source: Environmental Performance Review, Tajikistan. UN, 2004 June 2013 65
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination has been increasing steadily over recent years. As such, environment related migration is therefore becoming a major concern for the Government, which has identified a total of 700 families requiring urgent relocation due to environment related factors and a remaining 10,037 families as potential ecological migrants over the next five years.
158. Vose to Hovaling Road: From the seismological point of view the Project Road is located in a 7 8 point seismic area according to MSK 64 scale ( Figure D-14). Table D-4 indicates the locations of the road regularly impacted by landslides and mudslides.
Table D -4: Landslide and Mudslide Locations # Type of natural Location of the road pavement, destroyed by mudslides and hazards landslides 1 Mudslides KM 4 KM7, KM26 +750, KM11+800, KM44+800, KM 45+00, (because of KM 45+200, KM45+300, KM46+450, KM46+900, KM47+108, precipitation) KM59+165, KM59+260, KM60+00; KM62+230; KM64+00; KM 64+200; KM64+550; KM65+930; KM66+930; KM67+20; KM67+700 2 Landslides KM18+00 KM19+00; KM23+00 KM24+00; KM41+486 KM42+00
159. Sayron to Karamik Road : A detailed description of the natural hazards of the Sayron – Karamik corridor is provided by the 2007 IEE.
Figure D-14: Seismic Conditions, Vose – Hovaling Road June 2013 66
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D.2 Ecological Resources D.2.1 Flora
160. Vose to Hovaling Road: Since 1950s more than 300,000 ha of native tugai (Populus pruinosa, Elaeagnus angustifolia ) forests have been converted to farming or destroyed in Tajikistan with most occurring in the lower elevations of Kulab zone. Pressures on forests come from cattle grazing, farming, and uncontrolled logging to meet domestic wood consumption. The Project area is characterized as a desert ecosystem. Vegetation consists of semi bushes & shrubs and grass plants like perennial plants as bluegrasses (meadow grass), sedges and other ephemeral grasses ( Роа bulbosa L., Carex pachystylis , Astragalus, Vulpia, Trisetum cavanillesii Trin, Leptaleum filifolium (Willd.) DC ). Also there are wormwood – Artemisia scotina Nevski , in more saline soils Hammada leptoslada (M.Pap.) Iljin , on more sand soils –Calligonum gruseum Korov. Et Pavl., Salsola richteri Kar ., occasionally Haloxylon persicum Bge. et Boiss., Pholomis bucharika Rgl , Convolvulus subhirsutus Rgl. et Schmalh., Thaeniatherum asperum (Simk.) Nevski .
161. The orchards and gardens observed on this area are mainly consist of Mulberry (Morus alba ), Russian olive ( Ealagnus angustifolia ), Poplar Tree ( Populus sp. ), Plane Tree ( Platanus orientalis ) and willows (S alix ) along pathways and channels. Moreover, cotton fields, small forest strips (tree rows), segments of native vegetation with dominating Alchagi kirgisorum , and in wet areas Cane ( Phragmites comnumis ) are spread in the area. However, the project area is without exception going through agriculture land, thus no valuable and natural vegetation will be harmed. The hills in project area are rather bare and irregular. Some trees of pistachio and wild almond can be seen. No important, rare, endangered, or protected species of fauna are found within or in the vicinity of the road.
162. Sayron to Karamik Road : Vegetation of this zone is dominated by bushy herbage of alpine and sub alpine meadow in the higher mountain areas. Close to the road it is represented by bushes and light forests. More details of the flora of the Sayron – Karamik corridor is provided by the 2007 IEE.
D.2.2 Fauna
163. Vose to Hovaling Road: While Tajikistan is home to a wide diversity of animals and birds, generally the biodiversity of the wildlife / fauna in the Project Road area is rather low. There are relatively few species and few individuals. The following animals may rarely stray into the area: Jackals (Asiatic jackal), Eared Hedgehog ( Paraechinus hypomelas ), Porcupine ( Hystrix indica ), Tolai Hare ( Lepus nigricollis ), Steppe Cat, and Gazelle (markhoor). There are no critical habitats for these species within project area. Within the agricultural areas, typical farm birds of Tajikistan occur. These include hoopoe, roller, bee eater, doves, quail, corn crake, lapwing, red backed shrike, golden oriole, larks and most commonly large flocks of myna birds. The cliffs and mountains in the area support wall creeper, eagle owl, griffon vulture, redstarts and rock thrushes.
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164. Sayron to Karamik Road : The Surkhob valley is home to most fauna species of central Tajikistan – about five thousand species. Fauna is represented by mountain species including bear, wolf, fox, badger, wild hog, etc. More details of the fauna of the Sayron – Karamik corridor is provided by the 2007 IEE. D.2.3 Aquatic biologyH
165. Vose to Hovaling Road: Other than the Obimazor and Jonbakht rivers there are no perennial water bodies within or near the project road. No rare, endangered, or protected fish species or habitats are found within the vicinity of the Project Road. D.2.4 ForestsH& Protected Areas
166. Vose to Hovaling Road: There are no Protected areas within the vicinity of the Project activities.
167. Sayron to Karamik Road : There are no Protected areas within the vicinity of the Project activities.
D.3 Economic Development D.3.1 Industries & Agriculture
168. Vose to Hovaling Road Industrial activity in the Project Corridor is low. There are no factories or light industrial activities in an area dominated by agriculture and pastureland. Reportedly however, there is a gold mine close to Hovaling, but little data is available regarding this facility. Table D-5 summarizes the current agricultural are under cultivation and Table D-6 summarizes the agricultural output in Vose and Hovaling districts.
Ta ble D -5: Area Under Cultivation in Hectares (2011) Cereal Cotton Potato Vegetables Water Feed Crops Melon Crops Vose 19,610 9,700 401 1,620 565 0 Hovaling 7,006 0 505 179 31 587
Table D -6: Agricultural Output / Tonnes (2011)
Milk Milk Grain Grain Fruits Fruits Honey Honey Potato Potato Cotton Cotton Grapes Grapes Vegetables Vegetables Watermelon Watermelon
Vose 58,461 19,323 10,147 43,676 20,375 8,005 8,700 28,818 15.7
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Hovaling 14,600 0 4,668 2,898 305 210 210 4,727 40
D.3.2 Infrastructure and Transportation facilities
169. Vose to Hovaling Road – Infrastructure within the Project area is limited to the Vose – Hovaling road and access roads that feed off it. The road serves as the main route to Kulab, where most of the produce grown within the Project corridor is sent to market. However, it should be noted that one does not need to travel via Vose to reach Kulab, as there is a branch road feeding from the Project road to Kulab at approximately KM68. The road itself is in relatively poor condition, especially in areas affected by mudflows and there is potential for complete washout of the road close to the Obimazor river. There are no other infrastructure facilities. There is an international airport at Kulab (serving Moscow amongst other destinations and thereby offering potential access to Russia for migrant workers), but this is more than 10 kilometers from the road.
D.3.3 Land use
170. Vose to Hovaling Road – Land use is dominated by agriculture in the floodplains. In the ridgeline portion of the road wheat could be seen growing amongst the pasture land. In addition a variety of fruit trees were noted in this area. The urban areas are dominated by low rise residential properties. Land and property will need to be procured as part of the Project and as such a Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (LARP) will be prepared according to ADB requirements. D.3.4 Power sources and transmission H
171. The energy sector of Tajikistan includes several entities. The electric power is the responsibility of the State owned joint stock company Barqi Tojik, which entirely controls production, transportation and distribution of electricity in Tajikistan. The coal mining sector is controlled by the State Committee for Industry. Tajikistan has 4.4 gigawatts (GWe) of generating capacity, about 90% of which is hydroelectric. A major portion of this hydroelectric capacity is used in aluminum production, which consumes 40% of all the country's electric power. Tajikistan produces practically no oil, gas, or coal of its own. There is a greater hydroelectric power capacity in Tajikistan than any other country in in Central Asia. Tajikistan has the potential to produce more than 300 billion kilowatt hours electricity per year, but currently produces only 16.5 billion kilowatt hours. Within the Project corridor of the Vose – Hovaling road access to power from the grid is available. Low voltage transmission lines were observed (see Figure D-15 ) and coordination with the national utility is required during construction works to ensure that supply is not significantly interrupted to these areas.
Figure D-15: Low Voltage Transmission Lines outside a School at KM72
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D.4 Social and Cultural Resources D.4.1 Population and communities
172. In 2006 Tajikistan’s population was estimated at 7,320,815 people. The growth rate was 2.19 percent per year. The average density was 51.3 people per square kilometer, but the population was concentrated heavily in the western, southwestern, and northwestern regions. Some 30 percent of the population was classified as urban, the lowest percentage among the former Soviet republics. In 2006 an estimated 700,000 Tajikistanis, mostly men, spent some or all of the year as migrant workers in Russia and other countries, creating a significant male female imbalance in the adult population. In 2006 the net migration rate was about –2.5 per 1,000 population.
173. Within the Vose – Hovaling Project Corridor, the population density is relatively low with the majority of the population gathered in small villages that line the Project Road In 2006 some 37.9 percent of the population of the region was 14 years of age or younger, and only 4.8 percent was 65 years of age or older. The birthrate was 32.6 births per 1,000 population. The death rate was 8.3 per 1,000 population. In the early 2000s, estimates of the infant mortality rate have varied widely, from 54 to 111 deaths per 1,000 live births, according to differing standards of calculation. In 2006 overall life expectancy was 64.9 years: 62 years for males, 68 years for females. 16 Tables D-7 to D- 9 provide a summary of the Demographics in Hovaling district.
16 Country Profile Tajikistan, 2007, Library of Congress, Federal Research Division. June 2013 70
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Table D -7: Popula tion (thousands) Territory 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 (thousand square KM) Vose 0.8 173.4 176.8 180.6 178.9 183.3 Hovaling 1.7 46.9 47.7 48.5 49.0 50.1
Table D -8: Population Growth Rate (%) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Vose 2.5 2.5 1.9 2.2 0.9 2.5 Hovaling 3.4 3.4 1.9 1.6 1.0 2.0
Table D -9: Population Density (per square kilometer) 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Vose 212.4 216.8 221.0 225.8 223.6 229.1 Hovaling 27.1 27.6 28.1 28.5 28.8 28.8
D.4.2 Health & Education facilitiesH
Health
174. In Tajikistan indicators such as infant and maternal mortality rates are among the highest of the former Soviet republics. In the post Soviet era, life expectancy has decreased because of poor nutrition, polluted water supplies, and increased incidence of cholera, malaria, tuberculosis, and typhoid. The leading causes of death are cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, and infectious and parasitic diseases. Because the health care system has deteriorated badly and receives insufficient funding and because sanitation and water supply systems are in declining condition, Tajikistan has a high risk of epidemic disease.
Education
175. In Tajikistan school attendance is mandatory between the ages of seven and 17, but many children fail to attend because of economic needs and security concerns in some regions. At all levels, Tajikistan’s education system suffers from a depleted infrastructure and an acute shortage of teachers, which will increase because of the relatively high birthrate. The official literacy rate is 98 percent, but the poor quality of education since 1991 has reduced skills in the younger generations. Table D-10 illustrates the locations of the schools and health facilities identified in close proximity to the road within the Vose – Hovaling corridor. Figure D-15 and Figure D-16 illustrate two of the schools within the corridor.
Table D -10 : Vose – Hovaling Health and Education facilities # Location (KM) Type Distance from the Road June 2013 71
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1 5.6 School 25 meters 2 9.2 School (No. 50) 15 meters 3 10 School 15 meters 4 14 School 100 meters 5 29 School 100 meters 6 33 Clinic 10 meters
D.4.3 Socio-economic conditions
176. The following provides a summary of Tajikistan’s socio economic conditions and an overview of the situation within the Vose – Hovaling Project corridor. A detailed assessment of the socio economic conditions of the Sayron – Karamik corridor can be found in the 2007 IEE.
Figure D -15: School (KM78) Figure D -16: Clinic (KM55)
Economy
177. Tajikistan’s economy, which had been the poorest in the Soviet Union, was severely disrupted by the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the civil war of 1992– 97. With independence, Tajikistan lost the nearly 50 percent of its state revenue that had come as transfers from Moscow, as well as barter arrangements that brought food from other republics in exchange for cotton and aluminum. The civil war disrupted both agricultural and industrial production. Particularly hard hit was the cotton industry, a key economic element in the Soviet era. In 2005 the economy remained fundamentally agricultural and highly dependent on the export of aluminum and cotton, although significant growth occurred in light industries and services. Soghd Province, where a portion of the Project Road is located, in the north accounts for the majority of industrial and agricultural output. Per capita GDP in 2005 was US$258, lowest among the 15 countries of the former Soviet Union. In 2005 services contributed 48 percent, agriculture 23.4 percent, and industry 28.6 percent to GDP. Within the Vose – Hovaling Project corridor the predominant economic activity is agriculture, although as noted under Section D.3.1 , there is one gold mine in the Hovaling area.
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Ethnic Groups
178. According to the 2000 census, 79.9 percent of the population was Tajik, 15.3 percent Uzbek, 1.1 percent Russian, and 1.1 percent Kyrgyz. Smaller ethnic groups include Germans, Jews, Koreans, Turkmens, and Ukrainians. Tajikistanis also have a strong regional affiliation: mountains divide the country into northern and southern regions, whose rivalry spurred the civil war of the 1990s.
179. Vose to Hovaling Road: Within the Project corridor the predominant ethnic group is Tajik, followed by Uzbek.
Languages
180. The official state language is Tajik, which is related to Persian. Russian is widely used in government and business, and Uzbek is the main language of about 25 percent of the population.
181. Vose to Hovaling Road: Within the Project corridor the prominent language is Tajik.
Religion
182. Some 85 percent of the population is Sunni Muslim and 5 percent, Shia Muslim. About 3 percent of the population is Christian, mainly Russian Orthodox and concentrated in Dushanbe.
183. Vose to Hovaling Road: Within the Project Corridor the predominant religion is Sunni Muslim. D.4.4 Historical and Archeological Areas of Significance
184. Historic and cultural resources include monuments, structures, works of art, the sites of outstanding universal value from historical, aesthetic, scientific ethnological and/or anthropological points of view, including graveyards and burial sites. The responsibility for preservation, maintenance and assessment of historical and cultural monuments in Tajikistan rests with the Ministry of Culture.
185. Vose to Hovaling Road: Consultations with local authorities in Vose and Hovaling did not report the presence of any historical and archeological areas of significance within the Project areas apart from two mosques. However, the region has a rich cultural heritage, particularly around Kulab. Archeologists have found evidence of settlements in the region dating more than 2,00 years old, as such the presence of chance finds of items of archeological and historical significance cannot be ruled out.
186. Sayron to Karamik Road : Consultations with local authorities in Jirgatol revealed that the previous road rehabilitation project had successfully mitigated previous impacts relating to historical and archeological items in the right of way and as such no further impacts are anticipated.
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D.4.5 Noise & Vibration
187. Noise and vibration can disturb sleep and relaxation, interfere with an individual’s ability to perform complicated tasks, be a source of annoyance, influence mood and stress levels, and otherwise detract from the quality of life. Economic effects of noise include impacts to property values, impaired health, and lowered working efficiency.
188. Vose to Hovaling Road: Noise levels within the Project corridor are generally low, especially in the ridgeline area where traffic volumes are lowest. Several sensitive noise receptors are located close to the project road, including schools and health clinics as indicated above by Table D-6.
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E. Screening of Potential Environmental Impacts and Mitigation Measures
E.1 Introduction
189. This section of the IEE details the Projects potential impacts and proposes mitigation measures to limit any negative impacts identified. The first items discuss the types and phases of the impacts. The report then presents the impacts and mitigation in detail for the three portions of the Project in the subsections as follows: • Physical Resources - Air quality - Climate Change - Topography - Soils - Hydrology Surface water & Flooding - Hydrology – Groundwater - Geology - Natural Hazards • Ecological Resources - Flora - Fauna - Aquatic biology - Forests & Protected areas • Economic Development - Industries - Infrastructure & Transportation Facilities - Land use - Power sources and transmission - Agricultural development, mineral development, and tourism facilities - Waste and Spoil • Social and Cultural Resources - Population and communities - Health & Education - Socio economic conditions - Historical and Archeological Areas of Significance - Noise
191. The focus of the impact assessment will be on two components Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik roads only. It is anticipated that minor repair of the 30 km of the rural roads will have minimal or no impact on the environment (Category C). The likely environmental impacts are within the scope of this IEE. The IEE and EMP for the Vose Khovaling section will be updated to address any impacts associated with the feeder roads during the detailed design phase.
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E.2 Impact Phases
190. This impact assessment and mitigating measures cover the entire cycle of the project activities, from pre construction to construction and operation and maintenance. The coverage of each of this sub project phases is defined as follows: • Pre construction Phase – this period is the time that the ‘Notice to Proceed’ is given to the Contractor until commencement of construction. • Construction Phase the period from the completion of the Pre construction activities time until the issuing of the ‘Certificate of Completion’. • Operation and Maintenance Phase the one year defects liability period for the Contractor and the time following this period.
191. The key feature of the road projects that mitigate the overall adverse impact is the fact that both projects will be confined within the existing road alignment.
192. In the case of the Vose – Hovaling Road , the existing RoW can accommodate any proposed carriageway widening. Work will consist of widening of carriageway, repair of pavement, shoulder, drainage and slope stabilization. Given these types of works, activities in any particular section shall be of short duration. Thus, the prescribed planned road improvement activities described are considered negligible, small or intermediate.
E.3 Types of Impacts
193. The types of impacts that may arise during Project works can be classified as follows: • Direct Impacts i.e., those directly due to the Project itself such as the impacts to air quality resulting from construction activities, equipment and vehicles. Direct impacts also include the impact of construction expenditures in the local economy. • Indirect Impacts i.e., those resulting from activities prompted by the Project, but not directly attributable to it. The use of rock and other construction materials, for example, has an indirect impact of increasing the demand for these materials. • Cumulative Impacts i.e., impacts in conjunction with other activities. A single road improvement may not exert a significant environmental impact, but if several roads are developed in the same area developing a road network the cumulative or additive effect could be more significant.
194. Impacts in all three categories may be either: • Short term – i.e., impacts which occur during construction and affect land use, air quality and other factors. Many of these impacts, however, will be short lived and without long lasting effects. Even the effects of some relatively significant impacts such as borrow pits, for example, may be eventually erased if appropriate mitigation actions are taken. Many potential short term negative impacts can be avoided or otherwise mitigated through proper engineering designs and by requiring Contractors to apply environmentally appropriate construction methods. Or; • Long term – i.e., construction impacts that could, for example, affect regional hydrology and flooding if poor design practices are used. June 2013 76
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195. Both short term and long term impacts may be either beneficial or adverse. Short term positive impacts will include, for example, the generation of employment opportunities during construction period. Long term benefits will include enhanced development opportunities, improved transport services, easier access to commercial and service facilities; faster communications and commodity transport; improved access to markets and growth centers and increased services and commercial facilities.
E.4 Mitigation Aspects
196. Mitigation is recommended through strategic avoidance combined with construction and monitoring. Bid and contract documents are recommended to specify that a Site Specific EMP (SSEMP) shall be required for both road Projects. The SSEMP requires submission within 30 days of the award of the Contract and approval by the Engineer prior to the start of the Pre construction Phase. The SSEMP shall then be updated at the end of the Pre construction phase and prior to the commencement of the Detailed Design / Construction phase when all addition environmental factors are known, such as locations of borrow pits, etc. E.5 Physical Resources E.5.1 Air quality
Potential Impacts
197. The potential impacts of the Project to air quality are described as follows:
Pre construction Phase
198. The road rehabilitation works associated with Vose – Hovaling and Sayron - Karamik are generally intermittent and not permanent in a specific site, the works move along the Project road as work progresses and as such air quality impacts will be short term in specific locations. However, fugitive emissions will be emitted on a longer term basis from stationary sources such as quarries, borrow pits and asphalt plants. These sites can however be selected and be placed in an area where it can cause the least impact on human and ecologic receptors.
Construction Phase
199. During construction of the Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik roads, air quality is likely to be degraded by a range of operational activities including: • Exhaust emissions from the operation of construction machinery and the combustion of fuel for furnaces and boilers; • Open burning of waste materials; • Dust generated from quarries, borrow pits, haul roads, unpaved roads, exposed soils and material stock piles. The dust may settle on productive crops, and may cause some degree of respiratory stress for nearby residents.
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200. No impacts to air quality have identified from the Lighting the Road component.
Operational Phase
201. Traffic counts and forecasts were undertaken by the MoT to assess baseline vehicle movements on both Project Roads (Appendix X). The traffic forecasts indicate that traffic volumes are likely to increase at a rate of about 5% every five years over the operating period of the Projects (20 years). Given the relatively low population levels along both Project corridors, it is unlikely that increased traffic volumes will have impacts to residents health in terms of NOx, CO and VOC pollution. In addition, once completed, current high levels of suspended particulate matter (SPM) in areas where the Vose – Hovaling road condition is poor (especially in the mudflow areas) will be substantially reduced. Improved vehicle performance on a new better road surface will also serve to alleviate potential air pollution levels to a modest degree. Sayron – Karamik road has a recently completed asphalt surface and the additional layer of asphalt is not anticipated to result in increased levels of traffic above that anticipated from the original rehabilitation activities.
202. It can be noted from Figure D-1, that Tajikistan’s contribution to Carbon Dioxide emissions in Central Asia is very low, thus indicating that any increase in emissions from vehicles operating on the rehabilitated roads is unlikely to be a significant contributor to CO 2 emissions in the region. Operation of the Lighting the Road component will have a zero sum effect on CO 2 emissions given that 98% of Tajikistans electricity is generated by hydropower.
Mitigation Actions
Pre construction Phase
203. Locations for quarry sites, borrow pits and asphalt plants for the Vose – Hovaling road shall require approval from the Engineer and DEPs during the Pre construction phase. Efforts should be made to ensure that these facilities are as near to the Project road as practical to avoid unnecessary journeys and potential dust issues from vehicle movements during construction works. In addition, no quarry or asphalt plant shall be located within 300 meters of any urban area, protected area or sensitive receptor. The locations of these facilities shall be indicated within the Contractors SSEMP. Baseline air quality monitoring shall also be undertaken by the Contractor as described below under recommended monitoring. An existing licensed quarry and asphalt plant, previously used as part of the recent rehabilitation project, is available for use on the the Sayron – Karamik road. However, should additional quarries be required the Contractor shall follow the same requirements as those discussed above for Vose – Hovaling .
204. To adequately manage air quality impacts for both the Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik roads, the Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of an Air Quality Plan, submitted to the Engineer as part of the SSEMP. The plan will detail the action to be taken to minimize dust generation (e.g. spraying un surfaced roads with
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Detailed Design / Construction Phase
205. The Contractor for the Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik roads, shall be responsible, through compliance with this EMP and his SSEMP, for the following;
• Exhaust emissions No furnaces, boilers or other similar plant or equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants will be installed without prior written consent of the Engineer. Construction equipment shall be maintained to a good standard and fitted with pollution control devices regularly monitored by the Contractor and Engineer. • Open burning of waste materials No burning of debris or other materials will occur on the Site without permission of the Engineer. • Dust generated from haul roads, unpaved roads, material stock piles, etc The Contractor shall ensure and that material stockpiles shall be located in sheltered areas and be covered with tarpaulins or other such suitable covering to prevent material becoming airborne. All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the site will be covered with canvas tarpaulins, or other acceptable type cover (which shall be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling from or being blown off the vehicle(s). Hard surfaces will be required in construction areas with regular movements of vehicles. Effective use of water sprays will be implemented (e.g., all roads within the construction areas of the Site shall be sprayed at least twice each day during days of no rainfall, and more if necessary to control dust to the satisfaction of the Engineer).
206. In addition, any new quarry sites and asphalt mixing plant shall be the subject of separate environmental application under the responsibility of the Contractor. The Engineer shall ensure that no such facility becomes operational without the required permits from the local CEPs.
207. Finally, the Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik Contractors are responsible for the preparation of a health and safety plan. The Plan, required as part of the SSEMP, shall include contingencies for the accidental release of toxic air pollutants. No mitigation is required for the Lighting the Road component.
Instrumental Monitoring
208. Monitoring of air quality is recommended as follows:
Pre construction Phase
209. Baseline Air Quality Survey – Air quality monitoring shall be carried out for both the Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik components as soon after the date of acceptance of the Bid as practicable to determine the baseline levels of the air quality at
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Detailed Design / Construction Phase
210. Routine Air Quality Monitoring – Air quality shall be monitored for both the Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik components once per month and once every two months respectively during the course of the Works. Monitoring results shall be submitted to the Engineer two (2) working days from the completion of the monitoring period for analysis and review. Actions taken in response to the monitoring results shall also be required. Additional monitoring shall be undertaken as deemed warranted by the Engineer. The reporting requirements are outlined within the EMP. No monitoring of the Lighting the Road component is required. E.5.2 Topography
Potential Impacts
211. The Project location of the Vose – Hovaling road in this instance has been determined by the existing RoW to be rehabilitated. No significant alteration in realignment is included in the Project with the exception of the location specified in Section C.6.2. However, cut and fill activities will be required as part of the Vose – Hovaling road works and limited excavation and removal of unstable materials from the upper parts of unstable slopes will be required on the Sayron – Karamik road. The Lighting the Road component will not result in any impacts to topography.
Detailed Design / Construction Phase
212. Potential impacts to area topography are most likely to occur in this phase due to the possibilities of:
• Cut and Fill Requirements Cut and fill activities will be required along the projects alignment (as indicated in Section C.5.2 – Scope of Works ). Surveys have been undertaken to assess the practicability of balancing cut with fill. However, it is likely that there will be excess fill material from both roads that cannot be re used, particularly the excavated material on the Sayron – Karamik Road. Such cut will have to be disposed of in certain locations. Improper dumping of such material could have significant impacts to surface watercourses, or to private and agricultural lands. • Slope Stabilization – The proposed rehabilitation works may have some impacts on slope stability, particularly during slope cutting and stabilization works. Clearing of the slopes may hasten erosion and downslope movement of unstable materials. This can cause smothering of vegetation downslope. Without intervention, this impact can continue until the slope has naturally stabilized by vegetation growth or attrition. The sections of the road where slope stabilization is required is outlined in Appendix D. • Quarry Operations Crushed rock material will be needed for construction purposes. Operation of quarries can have significant environmental problems if not managed
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correctly, more specifically uncontrolled excavation of rock material can leave unsightly scars on mountain sides and can also potentially make slopes unstable. • Blasting – Blasting operation on slopes of the Vose – Hovaling road may result in noise impacts, vibration impacts (which can affect properties) and potential impacts from fly rock.
Mitigation Actions
Detailed Design Phase
213. Potential adverse impacts to topography in the Project Area will be avoided or otherwise mitigated by ensuring the Contractor complies with the following for the Vose – Hovaling Road and the Sayron - Karamik road:
• Cut and Fill Requirements – Excess cut material will be produced during the Construction phase. This issue is discussed further below under the item of Waste and Spoil. • Slope Stabilization – To ensure slope stabilization around areas of cut, the Contractor, shall during the Detailed Design, ensure: - Design of discharge zones from drainage structures with riprap to reduce erosion when required. - Down drains/chutes are lined with rip rap/masonry or concrete to prevent erosion. - Side slopes adjusted in the range based on soil and other conditions as specified by the Project Specifications to reduce erosion potential. It is recommended that steep slopes be stabilized, covered with riprap or other material to prevent soil erosion. - Stepped embankments for embankments greater than six meters. • Quarry Operations – Quarry sites must obtain the required permits prior to commencement of works, this shall include approval from the DEP and the Engineer. Efforts should be made to ensure that quarries are as near to the site as practical to avoid unnecessary journeys. However, no quarry shall be located within five hundred meters of any urban area, protected area or sensitive receptor. The locations of the quarries shall be indicated within the Contractors SSEMP. In addition, Contractors should ensure that quarries and crusher plants are: - Located at least 300 meters from urban areas to prevent noise and dust impacts; - Located outside of agricultural land; and - Where possible located on government owned lands.
Construction Phase
214. Potential adverse impacts in the Project Area will be avoided or otherwise mitigated by ensuring the Contractor complies with the following:
• Cut and Fill Requirements . The Contractor for both roads shall ensure that where excess fill material cannot be re used that none of the excess material is dumped into any river or tributary. Any locations identified by the Contractor where excess cut material will be produced (not anticipated by design) shall be reported to the June 2013 81
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Engineer and a suitable location identified by both parties and the DEP for the disposal of this inert waste. Temporary and permanent storage of materials should be confined to government owned land and in no circumstances should be dumped on agricultural or productive lands or to any watercourse including irrigation channels. In the event of any spoil or debris from construction works being deposited in any of the afore mentioned areas or any silt washed down to any area, then all such spoil, debris or material and silt shall be immediately removed and the affected land and areas restored to their natural state by the Contractor to the satisfaction of the Engineer. • Blasting – The Contractor for the Vose – Hovaling road should prepare a Blast Plan prior to the commencement of works. The Plan, which shall be approved by the Engineer, should ensure that: - Before the firing of any blast, the rock to be blasted shall be covered with approved blasting mats, soil, or other equally serviceable material, to prevent fly rock that may result in damage to life or property. - The Contractor shall protect all overhead and underground utilities prior to blasting and immediately repair or replace any damaged by the blasting operations. - Warning signs and public notification are required to avoid all risks to the public that use the roadway. - Blasting shall be restricted to the times specified by the Engineer - The Contractor shall use the utmost care so as not to endanger life or property, or disturb materials outside the limits of the excavation. - When blasting, ample warning shall be given to all persons within the vicinity prior to blasting. Warning signs shall be erected a minimum of 24 hours prior to the blast time, and workers shall be stationed to warn people before firing any blasts. The warning signs will state the time and date of each blast. - The Contractor is forewarned that existing residential and commercial properties may be located in close proximity of the blast and that these properties shall be protected. The Contractor shall be responsible for all damage to these properties, including providing suitable temporary housing to residents or business occupants until repair work is completed. • Slope Stabilization Final forming and re vegetation will be completed at locations specified in the designs for both Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik roads or by the Engineer as soon as possible following fill placement to facilitate regeneration of a stabilizing ground cover; trenching will be used where necessary to ensure successful establishment of vegetation; seeding with a fast growing crop and native seed mix will occur immediately after fill placement to prevent scour and to encourage stabilization. In addition, the Contractor shall, in coordination with local DEPs, prepare a program for re vegetating other slopes prone to erosion.
E.5.3 SoilsH
Potential Impacts
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215. Given that the Sayron – Karamik road works are restricted primarily to overlay of asphalt no significant impacts to soils (with the exception of the opening of borrow pits and potential spills and leaks) are anticipated.
216. The decision to restrict the Vose – Hovaling road to within the existing RoW and carriageway, will keep soils related construction impacts to a minimum. Potential impacts to this component may however include: • Loss of Soil for Grazing and Agricultural Production – The preliminary road alignment prepared by the Consultants closely follows the existing road alignment. As the project involves reconstruction and rehabilitation of an established road, the Project impact on the land acquisition is reduced to a minimum. In addition, the Contractor shall prepare geometric design of the road in such a way that no land acquisition in addition to that included in the LARP is required in consequence of the design. • Erosion Certain types of road improvements (e.g., road widening) result increased runoff and/or increased velocities could lead to additional soil loss. In this instance, however, virtually all rehabilitation activities will be confined to the existing RoW and no significant increase in the amount of impervious surfaces and/or the quantity or velocity of runoff is anticipated. • Borrow Pits – Most of the Project borrow pits will be located within the floodplain of the Yahsu and Obimazur Rivers. However, it is possible that other borrow pits for soils maybe required. • Induced Changes Induced changes in the Project Area leading to industrial and commercial development are conceivable, thereby decreasing soil availability for agricultural purposes. Given the land use controls that apply and the amount of under utilized industrial and commercial land throughout the Project Area, the potential for induced changes significantly reducing arable soils is negligible. • Contamination Due to Spills or Hazardous Materials Potential soil contamination is a possibility resulting from poorly managed fuels, oils and other hazardous liquids used during the project works.
Mitigation Actions
Pre construction Phase
217. Mitigation related to the potential soil related impacts is recommended as follows:
• Loss of Soil for Agricultural Production . Under the terms of the Grant of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), before the commencement of the construction works of the Vose – Hovaling road at any part of the site, the Employer must prepare the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (the LARP), obtain the approval of ADB and then implement the plan and acquire the land. The LARP for this contract was prepared on the basis of the alignment established as part of the preliminary design. The LARP will be processed by the Employer and ADB during the bidding period, and it does not require any action of the Contractor. It will be approved and implemented before the Commencement Date. In addition, construction camps, staging areas and temporary storage, shall not be located on agricultural or private lands without the express permission of the landowner. No LARP is required for the Sayron – Karamik road. June 2013 83
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• Borrow Pits. Due to the sensitivity of the borrow pit locations, the Contractor for both Project roads shall prepare a Borrow Pit Action Plan (BAP) that should be submitted to the Engineer prior to the start of construction. The plan will identify the locations of all proposed borrow pits. The locations of the borrow pits shall be approved by both the Engineer and representatives of the DEPs. The plan shall ensure that: - Pit restoration will follow the completion of works in full compliance all applicable standards and specifications. - Arrangements for opening and using material borrow pits will contain enforceable provisions. - The excavation and restoration of the borrow areas and their surroundings, in an environmentally sound manner to the satisfaction of the Engineer will be required before final acceptance and payment under the terms of contracts. - Additional borrow pits will not be opened without the restoration of those areas no longer in use. - Water quality monitoring is undertaken downstream of all of the sites.
218. In addition to the above, the Contractor for both Project roads will be responsible for preparation of an Emergency Response Plan (ERP) which will cover containment of hazardous materials, oil spills, and work site accidents. The plan will detail the process for handling, and subsequently reporting, emergencies, and specify the organizational structure (including responsibilities of nominated personnel). The plan will be submitted to the Engineer for approval. Implementation of the plan will be monitored by the Engineer. Any emergencies, and how they were handled, will be reported in monthly progress reports by the Contractor to the Engineer & MOT.
Detailed Design
219. Potential adverse impacts associated with the Vose – Hovaling road during design will be avoided or otherwise mitigated by the following:
• Erosion. To reduce the impacts of erosion, engineering designs shall ensure: - The side slopes of cuttings and embankments will be designed to reflect soil strength and other considerations as included in the project specifications in order to reduce slips or erosion; - To prevent soil erosion in areas of steep mountainous slopes, rock fall fences, rip rap, retaining structures and gabion baskets for river bank protection will be included in the engineering design; - For embankments greater than 6m, stepped embankments will be used; and - Ditches shall be designed for the toe of slopes in cut sections with gutters or drainage chutes designed to carry water down slope to prevent erosion. Interceptor ditches shall be constructed near the top of slopes, or on benches, in cut slopes. For steep slopes drainage will be designed and constructed to intercept longitudinal flow and carry water away from fill slopes.
Construction Phase
220. Potential adverse impacts associated with the Vose – Hovaling road will be
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• Erosion During construction, the Contractor will be responsible for ensuing material that is less susceptible to erosion will be selected for placement around bridges and culverts. In addition he shall ensure re vegetation of exposed areas including; (i) selection of fast growing and grazing resistant species of local grasses and shrubs (see Table E-1); (ii) immediate re vegetation of all slopes and embankments if not covered with gabion baskets; (iii) placement of fiber mats to encourage vegetation growth. The Engineer and the Contractor will both be responsible for ensuing that embankments are monitored during continuously during construction for signs of erosion. • Borrow Pits – During construction the Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring compliance with the Borrow Pit Action Plan. The Engineer shall monitor the Contractors performance against the plan throughout construction. • Conversion of Agricultural Soils Due to Indirect/Induced Impacts. Although the EMP contains provisions controlling direct impacts of land takings for both the road and ancillary functions (asphalt plants, construction camps, etc.), control of the induced impacts is largely beyond the scope of the Project. • Contamination Due to Spills or Hazardous Materials. The Contractor, with oversight from the Engineer, shall ensure that: - All fuel and chemical storage (if any) shall be sited on an impervious base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area shall be located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund walls shall be impermeable and of sufficient capacity to contain 110 percent of the volume of tanks. - The construction camp maintenance yard shall be constructed on impervious hardstanding with adequate drainage to collect spills, there shall be no vehicle maintenance activities on open ground. - Filling and refueling shall be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures. Drip pans shall be placed under all filling and fueling areas. Waste oils shall be stored and disposed of by a licensed contractor. - All valves and trigger guns shall be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use. - The contents of any tank or drum shall be clearly marked. Measures shall be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any soils. - No bitumen drums or containers, full or used, shall be stored on open ground. They shall only be stored on impervious hardstanding. - Areas using bitumen shall be constructed on impervious hardstanding to prevent seepage of oils into the soils.
221. Potential adverse impacts associated with the Sayron – Karamik road will be avoided or otherwise mitigated by ensuring the Contractor complies with the spills and leaks mitigation measures and borrow pit mitigation measures outlined above.
222. No impacts to soils are anticipated from the Lighting the Road component and as such no mitigation actions are warranted. E.5.4 Hydrology - Surface waterH& Flooding
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Potential Impacts
Design Phase Impacts
223. The following potential impacts to hydrological conditions exist:
• Bridge Construction, Drainage & Flooding Inadequate assessment of the hydrological conditions in the Vose - Hovaling area and poor design could result in the failure of some of the Project structures. This in turn would result in several impacts including cost to rebuild the structures, potential flooding of valuable agricultural lands and impacts to the surface water quality.
• Construction Camps – Improper siting and design of construction camps at both roads can have negative impacts to hydrology through improper disposal of liquid waste and spills of hazardous liquids.
• Borrow Pits – Increased embankment heights and wider roadways on the Vose - Hovaling road may present demands for fill, portions of which are likely to be supplied by area sand and gravel from Borrow Pits. It is likely that near stream mining in river beds will be required for the sand and gravel materials. Near stream mining is carrying out mining in a wide channel that stays dry at low stages, while only a narrow channel is left for conveying the discharge; at high stages the whole area is flooded. Channels are dynamic systems that respond rapidly to outside stimuli such as aggregate extraction. The response may affect the hydraulic characteristics and water quality. Effects include increased turbidity, reduced light penetration, increased temperature, and resuspension of organic or toxic materials which may affect aquatic habitat, including spawning beds, and nursery, shellfish, and riparian habitat. Hydraulic impacts may include: - Channel modifications such as widening or deepening the channel, creation of deep pools, loss of riffles, alteration of bedload, alteration of channel flow, and degraded aesthetics; - Upstream and downstream erosion, and related impacts to bridges and other infrastructure whose foundations may be undermined by the lowering of the riverbed.
Construction Phase Impacts
• Construction Camps and Storage Areas – Impacts during the construction phase can result from the discharge of wastes to surface water from construction camps, the poor management of sanitary waste and accidental spills of hazardous liquids.
• Bridge Construction The construction of new and widening of the existing bridges on the Vose – Hovaling road includes but is not limited to the following parts of the structures and associated works: - Foundations - Substructure including bridge bearings - Superstructure, including construction of expansion and deformation joints and footpaths June 2013 86
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- Deck pavement including hydro isolation, drainage, hand railing, and conduits for services - Approach slabs - Slope treatments in front and around the abutments - Construction and maintenance of traffic detours - Scour and erosion protection of the waterway areas and river bank protection upstream and downstream of the bridge crossing, and - Removal of old foundations and substructure from the waterways. Bridge construction activities on the Vose – Hovaling Road may increase silt load in the river during construction at bridge sites and may result in accidental spillage of concrete and liquid waste into the river. This may impact upon the ecology of rivers including fish species.
• Drainage and Flooding Embankments and construction materials (fill, sand, and gravel) are subject to wash out with rainwater. However, for rivers with high sedimentation rate, such as the Yahsu, silt contribution from work areas during rainy season can be insignificant compared to background levels. Based on this assessment, this impact is assessed to be low and of short term duration. It will persist only during the construction work. Road construction can increase the amount of impervious surface and design decisions in regard to increased runoff could adversely impact the area drainage. Inadequate culverts or other cross drainage structures could fail to allow floodwaters to equilibrate and pass freely and to avoid prolonging flood periods and by heightening the flood levels on the upstream side of the roads.
Mitigation Actions
Pre construction Phase
224. Potential adverse impacts in the Project Area will be avoided or otherwise mitigated by ensuring the Contractors for both roads comply with the following:
• Construction Camps – The Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of a Construction Camp Site Plan which will form part of the SSEMP. The Plan shall indicate the system proposed and the locations of related facilities in the site, including latrines, holding areas, etc. The Contractor shall ensure the following conditions are met within the Plan: 1. Wastewater arising on the site shall be collected, removed from the site via a suitable and properly designed temporary drainage system and disposed of at a location and in a manner that will cause neither pollution nor nuisance. 2. There shall be no direct discharge of sanitary or wash water to surface water. Disposal of materials such as, but not limited to, lubricating oil and onto the ground or water bodies shall be prohibited. 3. Liquid material storage containment areas shall not drain directly to surface water. 4. Lubricating and fuel oil spills shall be cleaned up immediately and spill clean up shall be materials be maintained at the storage area.
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5. Construction and work sites will be equipped with sanitary latrines that do not pollute surface waters. 6. Discharge of sediment laden construction water directly into surface watercourses will be forbidden. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling lagoons or tanks prior to final discharge. 7. Spill clean up equipment will be maintained on site. The following conditions to avoid adverse impacts due to improper fuel and chemical storage: - Fueling operations shall occur only within containment areas. - All fuel and chemical storage (if any) shall be sited on an impervious base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area shall be located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund walls shall be impermeable and of sufficient capacity to contain 110 percent of the volume of tanks. - Filling and refueling shall be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures and will take place within areas surrounded by bunds to contain spills / leaks of potentially contaminating liquids. - All valves and trigger guns shall be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use. - The contents of any tank or drum shall be clearly marked. Measures shall be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any drain or watercourses. - Disposal of lubricating oil and other potentially hazardous liquids onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited. - Should any accidental spills occur immediate clean up will be undertaken and all cleanup materials stored in a secure area for disposal to a site authorized to dispose of hazardous waste.
225. Site plans shall be devised to ensure that, insofar as possible, all temporary construction facilities are locate at least 50 meters away from a water course, stream, or canal. If determined warranted by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide a wash pit or a wheel washing and/or vehicle cleaning facility at the exits from the sites. If so requested, the Contractor shall ensure that all vehicle are properly cleaned (bodies and tires are free of sand and mud) prior to leaving the site areas. The Contractor shall provide necessary cleaning facilities on site and ensure that no water or debris from such cleaning operations is deposited off site.
Design Phase
• Drainage and Flooding Consideration in the design phase will be given to the issue of drainage and culverts on the Vose – Hovaling road to ensure that drainage patterns are improved from the existing conditions and that increased run off does not occur or result in flooding of areas previously undisturbed. During design, all drainage works are designed based on the historical flood data and flood forecasting. A design discharge of 50 years return period is considered for culverts, and 100 years of bridges. Embankments of the Project road will obstruct surface runoff and culverts are proposed for all small drains including agricultural drains. If, during the operational phase of the Project, the rehabilitated road does result in increased run off and flooding, the MoT shall be responsible for rectifying this issue.
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• Bridge Construction all new and widened bridges on the Vose – Hovaling road must be designed for the life expectancy of 75 years. The bridge rehabilitation and strengthening works must be designed for the life expectancy of 50 years. The design loading and design of all structural components must conform to the bridge design standards provided in the Employer’s Special Requirements. Finally, the bridge design and layout must be aesthetically pleasing and in harmony with the existing environment.
Construction Phase
• Construction Camps and Storage Areas – The Engineer shall undertake regular monitoring of the construction camps on both roads and the storage areas to ensure compliance with the SSEMP and the Construction Camp Site Plan.
• Bridge Construction The Contractor for the Vose – Hovaling road shall consult with the DEPs to establish the fish spawning period in relation to the bridge construction works. The Contractor shall ensure that all works are undertaken in periods least likely to affect the fish spawning period.
In addition, concerning bridge construction works, the Contractor for the Vose – Hovaling road shall: 1. Divert the water flow near the bridge piers. 2. Coffer dams, silt fences, sediment barriers or other devices will be provided to prevent migration of silt during construction within streams. 3. Dewatering and cleaning of cofferdams will be performed to prevent siltation by pumping from cofferdams to a settling basin or a containment unit. 4. Carry out bridge construction works without interrupting the traffic on the Project Road. As the four replacement bridges will be constructed next to the existing ones, no traffic detours are envisaged during the construction of these bridges.
• Drainage and Flooding During the construction phase the Contractors for both roads are required to construct, maintain, remove and reinstate as necessary temporary drainage works and take all other precautions necessary for the avoidance of damage by flooding and silt washed down from the Works. The Contractors shall arrange with the village representatives those works which might interfere with the flow of irrigation waters to be carried out at such times as will cause the least disturbance to irrigation operations. Should any operation being performed by the Contractor interrupt existing irrigation facilities, the Contractors shall restore the irrigation appurtenances to their original working conditions within 24 hours of being notified of the interruption.
Instrumental Monitoring
226. Monitoring of surface water quality is recommended as follows:
Design Phase
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• Baseline Surface Water Quality Survey of Vose – Hovaling road. Surface water quality monitoring shall be carried out as soon after the date of acceptance of the Bid as practicable to determine the baseline levels of the water quality at specified monitoring stations as indicated by the EMP. Baseline monitoring is required to be carried out for a one week period with measurements to be taken at each monitoring station according to the frequency schedule specified in the EMP. The EMP shall indicate when the Contractor proposes to undertake the required baseline air quality survey and shall provide references to locations indicated by the accompanying site plan(s) as appropriate. The reporting requirements are outlined within the EMP.
Construction Phase
• Routine Surface Water Quality Monitoring of Vose – Hovaling road. Surface water quality shall be monitored not less than once every three months during the course of the Works. Monitoring results shall be submitted to Engineer two working days of the completion of the monitoring period for analysis and review. Actions taken in response to the monitoring results shall also be required. Additional monitoring shall be undertaken as deemed warranted by the Engineer. The reporting requirements are outlined within the EMP.
E.5.5 Hydrology – GroundwaterH
Potential Impacts
227. Project works for both Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik roads have the potential to impact subsurface hydrology in a variety of ways. The most significant being groundwater pollution form construction works (including impacts resulting from construction camps) and extraction of limited groundwater resources for construction activities. No impacts are anticipated from the Lighting the Road component.
Mitigation Actions
228. The mitigation measures outlined in Section D.6.4 , Hydrology – Surface water, should prevent impacts to groundwater as well as surface water. For example, the conditions relating to accidental spills will also prevent impacts to groundwater (and also to soils). Regarding extraction of groundwater; it is unlikely that groundwater will be required for construction activities with the exception of use as potable drinking water at the construction camps (and perhaps for activities such as use in laboratories). If boreholes are constructed at construction camps it is likely that the water will also be used for other activities such as water for washing, cooking, cleaning of the site and vehicles. This may result in a significant consumption over the construction period. As such, the Contractor is required to obtain all necessary permits for the drilling and operating of a borehole during the construction period. The Engineer will ensure that all appropriate permits are in place before excavation of boreholes can begin. E.5.6 Geology
Potential Impacts June 2013 90
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229. Given Tajikistan’s circumstances, the Project induced demand for geological resources is unlikely to cause or contribute significantly to their depletion. Rock materials will be obtained from quarries in or near the project road sites and hauled by road to the sites as needed. Existing sources, if in active operation, are expected to be used in most cases although Sub Contractors may elect to use other supply options provided they are cost competitive and provide rock meeting established quality standards. Issues relating to quarried materials are discussed above in the Topography section.
Mitigation Actions
230. Actions to ensure the use of proper sources of rock have been noted above to the degree warranted by the nature of the Project. Other than the actions as noted and adherence to good engineering practice, no mitigation actions related geological characteristics are warranted.
E.5.7 Natural Hazards
Potential Impacts
231. Seismic events in all three activity areas of Tajikistan have the ability to cause damage to structures including structures such as bridges. Earthquakes can result not only in structural damage from the actual earthquake, but to damage resulting from subsequent avalanches and landslides. Mudslides in particular are a specific issue on the Vose – Hovaling road often blocking the road and requiring extensive maintenance.
Mitigation Actions
232. The seismic characteristics of the both road corridors shall be taken into account during the design phase of the Project. Earthquake loading shall be applied to the design of structures, including bridges on the Vose – Hovaling road, to ensure that seismic events do not have negative impacts during the operational phase of the Project. In addition, the Contractor for the Vose – Hovaling road shall pay specific attention to the areas prone to mudslides and that his designs and construction methods for this area are approved by the Engineer. E.6 Ecological Resources E.6.1 Flora
Potential Impacts
233. No impacts to flora are anticipated from the Sayron – Karamik component or the Lighting the Road component. Minor impacts upon habitats and flora of the Vose – Hovaling project area are expected as a result of the road works. Rehabilitation work will directly cause minor degradation of local ecology through the clearance of areas of vegetation – mostly ground cover at work sites and ancillary sites. Table E-1 provides
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination the numbers and types of trees that will need to be cut as a result of Project works. However, no special status flora have been identified within the vicinity of the Project Road that maybe adversely affected, this was confirmed with the DEPs.
Table E -1: Trees to be Felled in the Vose – Hovaling Corridor Type of trees and perennial plants Quantity Non -productive tr ees and perennial plants Willow 12 Poplar 293 Fir 82 Mulberry (non productive) 400 Elm 11 Chinese elm 3 Privet shrubs 40 Sub total 841 Productive trees and perennial plants Mulberry (productive) 81 Wild cherry 63 Apple 44 Peach 41 Grape 17 Persimmon 7 Apricot 11 Pomegranate 46 Walnut 4 Cherry 2 Hawthorn 1 Sub total 317
234. Habitat fragmentation occurs when a road cuts through an ecosystem. However, the both project roads have existed for some time and if original construction caused habitat fragmentation, the ecosystems have re established around the roads. The project will not cause any further physical habitat fragmentations as the rehabilitation works will be within the existing RoW and detours will utilize existing tracks and roads which have been cut for some time.
Mitigation Actions
235. Construction activities will impact only a narrow band of vegetation adjacent to the Vose – Hovaling road. Road side trees (generally artificially introduced ones in towns) will have to be removed as indicated by Table E-1. Although there is no specific legislation in Tajikistan outlining the requirement for tree replanting, it is recommended that each one removed should be replaced by at least two new saplings of the same species or other at suitable locations, all as designated by the tree owner, this will help prevent the Contractor felling trees ad hoc. Other potential impacts to roadside trees will be avoided by ensuring that roadside activities such as asphalt plants, construction June 2013 92
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination camps and other ancillary features are properly sited as agreed with the relevant DEP and where possible the Contractor should employ techniques such as asymmetrical widening. In addition, the Contractor will be responsible for supplying appropriate and adequate fuel in workers’ camps to prevent fuel wood collection. Therefore, in light of the nature of the project and the types of works envisaged, there will be no significant loss of flora or habitat. E.6.2 Fauna
Potential Impacts
236. Consideration has been given to potential direct impact to wildlife in the Vose – Hovaling corridor due to: • Habitat Loss Improvements will occur within the existing RoW with little if any loss of habitat. Borrow pits and quarries used will require the approval of the Engineer. No significant habitat loss is anticipated due to direct impacts. • Habitat Fragmentation Habitat fragmentation occurs when a road cuts through an ecosystem, fragmenting an area into weaker ecological sub units, thus making the whole more vulnerable to invasion and degradation. In this instance, the fact that proposed construction actions will occur within areas already devoted to transport and the fact that all improvement activities will be contained within the existing RoWs minimizes any potential for further habitat fragmentation. • Disruption of Wildlife Migration Patterns No evidence has come to light indicating that the existing RoW interrupts wildlife migration corridors in the vicinity of the Project Road. • Accidents Involving Wildlife. Accidents involving wildlife attempting to cross the road are a potential impact faced by many road projects. In this instance, the fact that the corridor is devoted to transport or otherwise altered by man minimizes any potential for such impacts. Field investigations revealed no evidence suggesting a potential for increased accidents involving wildlife due to the proposed road construction. • Rare and Endangered Species – No rare or endangered species have been identified in the Project area, as confirmed by the DEPs.
237. Consideration has also been given to potential indirect wildlife impacts under the following headings: • Accessibility. Penetration of previously unmodified areas and upgrading existing roads generally facilitates an increase in the number of people having access and is sometimes accompanied by an increased likelihood of impacts to area wildlife. In this instance, the magnitude of the increased accessibility to areas bordering the roadway and the lack of significant wildlife habitat make significant impacts to wildlife unlikely. • Ecological Disequilibrium. Opening of a transport corridor sometimes results in the introduction of a new plant and animal species along the roadway upsetting the dynamic balance that exists in the ecosystem and altering predator prey relationships. In this instance, the fact that the corridor is devoted to transport or otherwise altered by man minimizes any potential for ecological disequilibrium.
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238. No impacts have been identified relating to the Sayron – Karamik road or the Lighting the Road activity.
Mitigation Actions
239. None required. E.6.3 Aquatic biologyH
Potential Impacts
240. In several locations both roads run adjacent to major rivers. The roads cross these rivers and their perennial and seasonal tributaries at several locations. It is possible for the aquatic biology, including aquatic flora, fauna and habitat to be affected negatively during the construction phase of both road projects via a number of pathways, they include: • Water pollution from construction works, e.g. bridge construction; • Water pollution from human waste; • Interference to water flow during bridge construction; • Interference to flow from waste material; and • Impacts caused from borrow pit excavation.
Mitigation Actions
241. Mitigation of impacts to Aquatic biology are discussed in the sections above relating to Hydrology (Section E.6.4 ).
E.6.4 Protected areas H
Potential Impacts
242. No protected areas are within the vicinity of any of the Project activities.
Mitigation Actions
243. None required.
E.7 Economic Development
E.7.1 Industries H
Potential Impacts
244. Little industrial activity is present within the project areas. Significant negative impacts to industrial activities are therefore not anticipated. However, rehabilitation of the
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination road has the potential to increase economic activity in the region and thus stimulate industrial activity within the valley.
Mitigation Actions
245. No mitigation required.
E.7.2 Infrastructure & Transportation Facilities
Potential Impacts
Infrastructure
246. Vose – Hovaling construction activities will include the demolition or rehabilitation of existing drainage structures and construction of new drainage structures along the alignment. Design errors could lead to portions of the drainage network operating below the required standard and lead to erosion of embankments, road washout, flooding, inadequate flow of water too and from agricultural land and dangerous driving conditions.
Transportation
247. The main impacts resulting from Project works on both roads will be road closure (during blasting for Vose - Hovaling ), diversions and some temporary blocking of access routes. Road closure may occur for periods between one and two hours and as such is not a significant issue as long as the local population are given notice of the delays. Blocking of access routes will be temporary while structures, such as side drains and culverts, are constructed. Notwithstanding the above, the potential beneficial impacts to transport are significant. The road, when complete, will offer reduced travel times, smoother ride (resulting in less vehicle maintenance and less damage to perishable goods) and safer driving conditions.
Mitigation Actions
Infrastructure
248. As mentioned above under the Item relating to Hydrology ( Section E.6.4 ) detailed designs will ensure that all drainage structures for both Project roads are sized and located correctly. During the construction phase the Engineer will ensure that the Contractor follows the design documents with respect to the required infrastructure facilities.
Transportation
249. The Contractors for both Project roads shall be responsible for provision of all road diversion signs and ensure that diversion roads do not impact negatively upon private lands. Any diversions shall be agreed upon by the Engineer. Notices of delays,
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination due to blasting, shall be posted in villages within ten kilometers of the blasting area so villagers can plan their travel times accordingly. The Contractor should make blasting at a regular period in the day so that the population in the valley become aware of the most likely delay periods, for example, between 1 & 3 pm. At the end of the working day, the Contractor should ensure that all access roads remain open.
E.7.3 Land use
Potential Impacts
Pre Construction Phase.
250. As the Vose – Hovaling road involves reconstruction and rehabilitation of an established road, the Project impact on the land acquisition is reduced to a minimum. The Contractor shall prepare geometric design of the road in such a way that no land acquisition in addition to that included in the LARP is required in consequence of the design. For specific details of land acquisition, refer to the Project LARP. No land acquisition will be required as part of the Sayron – Karamik road activity.
Construction Phase
251. Potential impacts to land uses outside of the RoW during the construction stage of both roads are limited to the creation of Construction Camps and other ancillary facilities such as quarries. Construction workers camps constitute a temporary land use change and raise issues related to activities such as unauthorized tree felling to get fuel wood even when alternative fuel is made available; poaching of edible animals and birds of the locality in spite of prohibitions; poor sanitation arrangement and improper methods used for disposal of solid wastes and effluent; and transmission of communicable diseases to the local people by the construction workers due to inappropriate health monitoring facilities. Issues relating to quarries are discussed under the heading of Topography above.
Mitigation Actions
Pre Construction Phase
252. Under the terms of the Grant of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), before the commencement of the construction works at any part of the Vose – Hovaling road, The Employer must prepare the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (the LARP), obtain the approval of ADB and then implement the plan and acquire the land. The LARP for this contract was prepared on the basis of the alignment established as part of the preliminary design. The LARP will be processed by the Employer and ADB during the bidding period, and it does not require any action of the Contractor. It will be approved and implemented before the Commencement Date. The Contractor is aware that any design involving additional land acquisition or resettlement requires additional social surveys, measurements, cost assessment and approval of the amended LARP by both the government of Tajikistan and ADB. Accordingly, the Contractor’s time program
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination provides for such a contingency. Under the terms of the Grant of the Asian Development Bank, the Employer must notify all persons affected by land acquisition, approximately one month before the commencement of works on the acquired land. The notice is required to give these persons sufficient time to remove their belongings and to salvage the material from any structure or to cut and remove any trees from the acquired land.
Construction Phase.
253. Contractors for both roads will be required to coordinate all construction camp activities with neighboring land uses. Contracts for the Project activities will also require construction operators to maintain and cleanup campsites and respect the rights of local landowners. If located outside the ROW, written agreements with local landowners for temporary use of the property will be required and sites must be restored to a level acceptable to the owner within a predetermined time period.
E.7.4 Power sources and transmission H
Potential Impacts
254. Medium and low voltage power lines are located within both road corridors. Construction works are unlikely to impact upon the lines on the Sayron – Karamik road, but it is possible that transmission lines close to the Vose – Hovaling road maybe impacted during construction.
Mitigation Actions
255. During construction all power lines in both road corridors shall be kept operational (with the exception of periods of blasting whereby the Contractor shall coordinate with power transmission agencies to ensure that all HV lines are switched off during these periods), this will include temporary transmission lines while existing poles and lines are moved.
E.7.5 Agricultural development, mineral development, and tourism facilities
Potential Impacts
Agricultural Development
256. The Project is anticipated to have a beneficial impact on agricultural development by decreasing journey times to markets and reducing transport costs.
Mineral Development
257. A gold placer is located close to Hovaling, accordingly, construction of the Vose – Hovaling road will be beneficial to this facility and potentially indirectly to the local economy through job creation at the mine. It is reported that around 320 kg of gold has been extracted in 2010. No chemicals or hazardous chemicals are used during gold mining. June 2013 97
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Tourism
258. Both Project corridors have the potential to be productive tourist locations, especially the Sayron – Karamik road which provides the best direct link between Dushanbe and Kyrgyzstan. Most likely improvements to the road will have a positive impact on tourism in the country by providing improved access to these areas.
Mitigation Actions
Agricultural Development
259. None required.
Mineral Development
260. None required.
Tourism
261. Impacts to tourism will be beneficial, as such no mitigation is warranted with the exception of ensuring contraction camps, etc, are located correctly. E.7.6 Waste and Spoil
Potential Impacts
Spoil
262. The Project roads will generate spoil material from excess cuts or unsuitable cuts for fill. Improper disposal of this waste material could have negative impacts to landowners. Excessive dumping of spoil into rivers could have detrimental impacts to its flow and ecology, and as such should be prohibited. However, it may be feasible for relatively small volumes of spoil to be disposed of in the rivers with the approval from the DEPs to determine locations and schedule so that impacts to ecology are minimal.
Waste
263. Construction works at both road corridors are expected to generate wastes including garbage, recyclable waste, food waste, and construction debris. In addition small quantities of hazardous waste will also be generated mainly from the vehicle maintenance activities (liquid fuels; lubricants, hydraulic oils; chemicals, such as anti freeze; contaminated soil; spillage control materials used to absorb oil and chemical spillages; machine/engine filter cartridges; oily rags, spent filters, contaminated soil, etc).
264. The main construction waste produced, apart from spoil, will be Asphalt. The waste asphalt will be recycled by local DEUs. Waste concrete and reinforced concrete will also require disposal, however, currently there are no locations available for the
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination disposal of this type of waste. This waste should not however be left in or dumped into any river.
Mitigation Actions
Spoil
265. Under no circumstances should excess materials be dumped on private lands without express permission of the owner. In addition, excess spoil shall not be dumped or pushed into any river at any location without prior permission from the Engineer and approval from the DEPs.
Waste
266. Regarding waste management, the contractor for both roads shall be responsible for the following: - Provide refuse containers at each worksite; - Maintain all construction sites in a cleaner, tidy and safe condition and provide and maintain appropriate facilities as temporary storage of all wastes before transportation and final disposal; - Train and instruct all personnel in waste management practices and procedures as a component of the environmental induction process, and - Collect and transport hazardous and non hazardous wastes separately to sites approved by the Engineer and DEPs approved disposal sites. A specialized company may be contracted (if available) to ensure collection of domestic and general waste from camps and temporary storage areas and transportation to the landfills. - Where facilities do not exist for the disposal of certain construction materials like reinforced concrete, the Contractor will consult with the Engineer, DEU and DEP to identify a suitable storage location for this waste until suitable landfill sites are established. This was shall not be dumped within rivers.
267. Hazardous waste is expected to constitute in average about 0.1% of total amount of the wastes. Disposal of the most part of hazardous wastes should be agreed with the DEPs. Constructing Contractor shall collect hydrocarbon wastes, including lube oils, for safe transport off site for reuse, recycling, treatment or disposal at the temporary storage sites and further at the locations approved by DEPs or pass it to the licensed operator having environmental permit on operation of the hazardous wastes.
268. Consultations should be undertaken between the Contractor for both roads and the DEUs to assess the preferred storage locations for waste asphalt material.
269. To ensure all of the above conditions are met, the Contractor for both roads shall be responsible for the preparation of a Waste Management and Recycling Plan. The Plan shall include items relating to the safe handling and management of: - Domestic waste - Food waste - Inert garbage
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- Recycled Waste - Plastic - Metals - Wood - Construction Waste - Hazardous Waste - Liquid Waste
270. The Plan will also include provisions to manage all excess spoil material. The Plan should indicate where the spoil will occur and methods and locations for disposal. The Plan shall be approved by the Engineer, DEPs and MoT as part of the SSEMP approval process. Oversight of the implementation of the Plan is the responsibility of the Engineer as outlined in the EMP. E.8 Social and Cultural Resources E.8.1 Population and communities
Potential Impacts
271. In as much as the project is rehabilitation of the existing roads only, it does not have the social, economic and community life concerns that are associated with new road construction, this road improvement project is generally aimed at bringing benefits to surrounding communities through lower transport costs and better access to market places, jobs, and services such as health and education. Road construction and rehabilitation projects can lead to changes in the community or social environment around the road, influencing various aspects of lifestyles, travel patterns, social and economic activities. The Lighting of the Road activity will have significant beneficial impacts to the local community by providing affordable renewable electricity to their home.
Mitigation Actions
272. Road construction works will have short term negative impacts to the population of the road corridors, such as air quality and noise impacts and potential social impacts resulting from imported labour. However, in general the impacts to population and communities will be overwhelmingly beneficial from all project activities. Imported labour can however, also lead to a spread of sexually transmitted disease which is discussed below under Item E.9.2 . E.8.2 Health & Education
Potential Impacts
273. Potential impacts due to the proposed construction of both roads can be identified as follows: • Easier access to health care facilities. Positive health impacts may result due to quicker response time in emergency situations and improved access to health care facilities for those living in remote areas; June 2013 100
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• Air quality. The amount of particulate matter, or dust, generated by vehicle movement may increase slightly during construction works, but will decrease the operational phase of the Project. This will have positive impacts to the health of the population living and working adjacent to the road. • Contamination of local water supplies during construction . Potential impacts to local water supplies include the possibility of temporary labor camps and the water supply and wastewater disposal associated with them during the construction period, these issues are discussed above under Item E.6.4; • Noise levels with health consequences . Potential noise issues are discussed in Item E.9.5 below; • Safety. Construction of the Vose – Hovaling road may result in an increase in the total number of road traffic accidents between vehicles, pedestrians and vehicles and livestock and vehicles; and • Worker Safety. Accidents are common during a project of this size and scale. Accidents can occur if workers are not adequately trained or qualified for the job or if they have incorrect safety equipment and clothing.
Mitigation Actions
274. Construction of the Vose – Hovaling road may result in an increase in the total number of road traffic accidents between vehicles, pedestrians and vehicles and livestock and vehicles. However, given that the traffic volumes are also anticipated to rise once construction is complete, the percentage of those affected by road accidents may actually decrease as a result of traffic safety measures, and improvements to the road condition. Traffic safety issues shall be accounted for during the design phase of the Project, they shall include: - Safety barriers - Traffic signs - Road Crossings - Speed Bumps - Speed limits
275. Road traffic accidents at the Sayron – Karamik road are not anticipated to increase above the levels anticipated by the previous rehabilitation works project.
276. A Health and Safety Plan shall be prepared by the Contractors for both project roads to manage worker safety. The Plan shall include the following items: 1. Safety Training Program. A Safety Training Program is required and shall consist of: a. Initial Safety Induction Course. All workmen shall be required to attend a safety induction course within their first week on Site. b. Periodic Safety Training Courses. Period safety course shall be conducted not less than once every six months. All Subcontractor employees will be required to participate in relevant training courses appropriate to the nature, scale and duration of the subcontract works. Training courses for all workmen on the Site and at all levels of supervision and management.
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2. Safety Meetings. Regular safety meetings will be conducted on a monthly basis and shall require attendance by the safety representatives of Subcontractors unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer. The Engineer will be notified of all safety meetings in advance. The Engineer may attend in person or by representative at his discretion. The minutes of all safety meetings will be taken and sent to the Engineer within seven (7) days of the meeting. 3. Safety Inspections. The Contractor shall regularly inspect, test and maintain all safety equipment, scaffolds, guardrails, working platforms, hoists, ladders and other means of access, lifting, lighting, signing and guarding equipment. Lights and signs shall be kept clear of obstructions and legible to read. Equipment, which is damaged, dirty, incorrectly positioned or not in working order, shall be repaired or replaced immediately. 4. Safety Equipment and Clothing. Safety equipment and protective clothing are required to be available on the Site at all material times and measures for the effective enforcement of proper utilization and necessary replacement of such equipment and clothing, and all construction plant and equipment used on or around the Site shall be fitted with appropriate safety devices. These shall include but not be limited to: a. Effective safety catches for crane hooks and other lifting devices, and b. Functioning automatic warning devices and, where applicable, an up to date test certificate, for cranes and hoists.
277. In addition, all Project sub contractors will be supplied with copies of the SSEMP. Provisions will be incorporated into all sub contracts to ensure the compliance with the SSEMP at all tiers of the sub contracting. All subcontractors will be required to appoint a safety representative who shall be available on the Site throughout the operational period of the respective sub contract unless the Engineers approval to the contrary is given in writing. In the event of the Engineer’s approval being given, the Engineer, without prejudice to their other duties and responsibilities, shall ensure, as far as is practically possible, that employees of subcontractors of all tiers are conversant with appropriate parts of the SSEMP.
278. It shall be a requirement of the Contract that the Contractor for both Project roads subcontracts with an Approved Service Provider to provide an HIV Awareness Program to the Contractor’s Personnel and the Local Community as soon as practicable after the Contractor’s Personnel arrive at the Site but in any case within two weeks after the Contractor’s Personnel arrive at Site and to repeat the HIV Awareness Program at intervals not exceeding four months.
E.8.3 Socio-economic conditions
Potential Impacts
279. The Vose – Hovaling road activity is expected to have significant beneficial impacts to the economy of the project area. The key benefits include: • Improved access to markets – The road will improve access to markets for farmers along the entire Project Road alignment;
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• Reduction in travel times – Journey times from Dushanbe to Hovaling and between villages along the road will reduce; • Reduction of maintenance costs – maintenance of vehicles due to poor road condition drives up the costs of agricultural products; • Increased Reconstruction effort in remote areas improved access to these areas may also allow a more intense level of reconstruction effort in the remote areas including facilities such as schools and clinics. • Improved access to health and education facilities – Improved road conditions will most likely result in increased traffic on the roads including mini bus and taxi services, this will enable people to access health care and educational facilities more easily; and • Creation of Jobs The community along the alignment of sub project will have opportunities for temporary employment during construction. Albeit, this opportunity is temporary in nature, this will be beneficial.
Mitigation Actions
280. None required. E.8.4 Historical and Archaeological Areas of Significance.
Potential Impacts
281. No impacts to historical and archeological areas of significance are anticipated as a result of the Sayron – Karamik road activity. Several cemeteries are located close to the Vose – Hovaling road, but they are outside of the right of way. However, It is possible that unexpected discoveries could occur in the construction process.
Mitigation Actions
282. To avoid potential adverse impacts to historic and cultural resources, the Contractor for the Vose – Hovaling road shall in the event of unanticipated discoveries of cultural or historic artifacts (movable or immovable) in the course of the work, take all necessary measures to protect the findings and shall notify the Engineer and provincial level representatives of the relevant department within the Ministry of Culture If continuation of the work would endanger the finding, project work shall be suspended until a solution for preservation of the artifacts is agreed upon. E.8.5 Noise & Vibration
Potential Impacts
Construction Phase
283. Noise during the rehabilitation work of both Project roads will mostly come from the operation of construction equipment. Typical noise signatures of the different equipment for different construction activities are enumerated below.
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Table E -2: Construction Noise Examples Site Clearing Excavation and Earth Moving Structure Construction Equipment Noise Level Equipment Noise Level Equipment Noise Level Bulldozer 80 Bulldozer 80 Pneumatic 81 98 drill Front end 72 80 Backhoe 72 93 Crane 75 77 loader Dump Truck 83 94 Dump Truck 83 94 Welding 71 82 Machine Grading and compacting Jack Hammer 80 93 Concrete 74 88 Mixer Grader 80 93 Landscaping and Clean Up Concrete 81 84 Pump Roller 73 75 Bulldozer 80 Concrete 76 Vibrator Paving Excavator 72 Air 74 87 Compressor Paver 86 88 Truck 83 94 Bulldozer 80 Truck 83 94 Paver 86 88 Cement and 83 94 Tamper 74 77 Dump trucks
284. The noise levels are dependent on the model and the maintenance status of the equipment. Construction noise can be a nuisance to residents living along the road. Noise attenuation based on the doubling distance rule shows that residents living next to the road will occasionally be exposed to high noise levels if no mitigation measures are implemented.
285. Blasting will be required at several locations along the Vose – Hovaling Road. Blasting may be required to reduce the gradient of slopes, to widen the road width, or to reduce impacts of rockfalls and slope failure. Blasting can create significant noise and vibration impacts.
286. It should be noted that both project roads are sparsely populated, and as such and short term localized construction noise is unlikely to have significant impacts. It is considered most likely that any significant impacts would result from long term exposure to noise that may result from construction facilities such as rock crushing plants and quarries where operational activities may last for the entire construction period. In addition, there are several schools and health clinics located along the route which are classified as noise sensitive receptors (see Section D.4.5 ).
Operational Phase
287. Noise originating from the Vose - Hovaling Road over the next five to ten years cannot be considered a major concern, as traffic volumes are generally low (see Appendix J ). However, traffic volumes are anticipated to increase more significantly over the following twenty years within the Project Corridor and this will eventually lead to elevated noise levels over a longer duration. For some residents living close to the road, the issue of increased noise and vibration, from cars and trucks, is unavoidable. Noise
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination from the Sayron – Karamik road is not anticipated to increase above the levels anticipated by the previous rehabilitation works project.
Mitigation Actions
288. Cooperation between the Contractor, the DEPs and the local residents within both project corridors is essential and it is the responsibility of the Engineer to arrange meetings between these parties and arrange such matters as work schedules (hours of equipment operation, traffic lanes to be kept open, diversion roads, etc.), locations of work camps and material storage areas, and siting of rock crushers and batch plants. In addition, the Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring the use of: • Source Controls, i.e., requirements that all exhaust systems will be maintained in good working order; properly designed engine enclosures and intake silencers will be employed; and regular equipment maintenance will be undertaken; • Site Controls, i.e., requirements that stationary equipment will be placed as far from sensitive land uses as practical; selected to minimize objectionable noise impacts; and provided with shielding mechanisms where possible; • Work near Sensitive Receptors shall be limited to short term activities. No asphalt plants, rock crushing plants or any long term generators of significant noise shall be allowed within 300 meters of sensitive receptors; • Time and Activity Constraints, i.e., operations will be scheduled to coincide with periods when people would least likely be affected; work hours and work days will be limited to less noise sensitive times. Hours of work will be approved by the site engineer having due regard for possible noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited between 10 PM and 6 AM in the residential areas. When operating close to sensitive areas such as residential, nursery, or medical facilities, the Sub Contractor’s hours of working shall be limited to 8 AM to 6 PM; • Community Awareness, i.e., public notification of construction operations will incorporate noise considerations; methods to handle complaints will be specified. Sensitive receptors will be avoided as possible (i.e., aggregate crushers, operators, etc.). Disposal sites and haul routes will be coordinated with the local DEP; • Blasting will only be carried out during the day and according to a pre established schedule, the adjacent communities will be notified of the blasting times well in advance; • Use of blasting mats to reduce noise during blasting operations; • Use of low volume charges will reduce the potential for vibration induced damage to structures; and • In the event of damage proven to be due to the contractor’s activities, owners of structures will be fully compensated.
Instrumental Monitoring
289. Monitoring of noise is as follows:
Construction Phase
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290. Routine Noise Monitoring – Noise shall be monitored not less than once per month during the course of the Works for both Project roads. Monitoring results shall be submitted to the Engineer two working days of the completion of the monitoring period for analysis and review. Actions taken in response to the monitoring results shall also be required. Additional monitoring shall be undertaken as deemed warranted by the Engineer. The reporting requirements are outlined within the EMP.
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F. Environmental Management Plans and Institutional Requirements
F.1 Introduction
291. This section of the report provides the Projects Environmental Management Plan (EMP) and the necessary institutional requirements to implement the Plan. In addition, the approximate costs of the EMP is outlined. Individual mitigation and monitoring plans are presented for the Vose – Hovaling Road and the Sayron - Karamik Road. Due to the limited nature of the Lighting the Road Project no mitigation or monitoring plan is considered warranted for this activity. F.2 Institutional Requirements F.2.1 EMP
292. The EMPs herewith provides the overall Project environmental management framework. It provides summary information of the types of impacts, which are described in detail in the Projects Initial Environmental Examination . It also provides detailed information about the required mitigation and monitoring measures, the implementation arrangements and the reporting requirements. F.2.2 Site Specific EMP
293. The SSEMP is the document that the Contractor(s) for both road sections shall prepare outlining how he intends to implement the EMP and ensure that all of the mitigation and monitoring is completed according to the implementation arrangements specified in this EMP. The SSEMP shall contain sections relating to: • Management of Physical Environment - Soils - Water - Air • Management of Ecological Environmental - Flora - Fauna • Management of Economic Characteristics - Infrastructure - Transport - Land Use - Agriculture • Management of Social and Cultural Resources - Communities, Health and Education Facilities - Historical and Cultural Areas - Noise June 2013 107
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294. Each section shall describe the precise location of the required mitigation / monitoring, the persons responsible for the mitigation / monitoring, the schedule and reporting methodology. In addition, the SSEMP shall contain specific Management Plans (as Annexes) relating to the following: • Borrow Pit Management Plan • Emergency Response Plan • Air Quality Management Plan • Water Quality Management Plan • Noise Management Plan • Waste Management Plan • Dust Suppression Plan • Construction Camp Site Plan • Health and Safety Plan
295. The SSEMP must be submitted within 30 days of the contract award and Pre construction (Vose – Hovaling ) and Construction (Sayron – Karamik ) cannot commence until the SSEMP is approved by the MoT and the Engineer.
296. The Vose – Hovaling SSEMP will be updated after completion of the Pre construction phase and Detailed Design and construction cannot start until the updated SSEMP is approved by the MoT and Engineer. The Sayron – Karamik SSEMP will not require updating. F.2.3 Bid Documents
297. The Bid Documents for the potential Contractor(s) shall contain two sections relating to environmental issues, firstly a basic clause indicating that the Contractor will be responsible for following the requirements of this IEE EMP and that he should prepare his own SSEMP for the Project. Secondly, the EMP shall be repeated in its entirety as an Annex to the Bid Documents so as the bidder is aware of his environmental requirements under the Project (both Pre construction, Detailed Design and Construction) and help him put costs to his proposal (such as costs for noise monitoring, etc).
F.2.4 Contract Documents
298. The Contract Documents should follow a broadly similar pattern to the Bid Documents. It is not considered necessary to repeat the mitigation measures verbatim in a list of environmental contract provisions, rather the Contract should specify that the Contractor(s) is responsible for implementation of the EMP via his SSEMP. Again, the EMP should be included at an Annex to the Contract so the Contractor(s) is liable for any non conformance with the EMP, and thereby this IEE. F.2.5 Contractor Requirements
299. As stated above, the Contractor(s) will be responsible for the preparation of the SSEMP. The preparation of the SSEMP requires a qualified environmental person as June 2013 108
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination the work will need to be fully compliant with the EMP and will need to be prepared within 30 days of Contract award.
300. During the Detailed Design (Vose – Hovaling ) and Construction (Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik) phase the Contractor must retain the expertise of an Environmental Officer (EO) to update the SSEMP and to oversee and report on the operation throughout the contract period. The EO should be full time member of staff on the Contractors roster.
301. The required qualifications of the EO are as follows: • Degree in environmental sciences / management • Fluent in Tajik, Russian and English • Experience of at least one construction project of a similar size and scale.
302. The Contractor(s) is also responsible for engaging external consultants, such as air quality monitoring, or noise monitoring consultants and will also be responsible for the preparation of weekly environmental reports that shall be submitted to the Engineer for review.
303. The weekly reports shall contain sections relating to: 1. General Progress of the Project 2. Environmental Incidents; e.g. spills of liquids, blasting issues 3. Progress of any environmental initiatives, e.g. protection of sensitive sites 4. Records of any environmental monitoring, both observational and instrumental 5. Conclusions and Recommendations
304. The Contractor(s) shall also prepare a series of environmental training activities for his staff. These activities will be prepared by the EO and should include training on: • Waste management • Health and safety • Hazardous liquid spills
305. The training programs shall be approved by the Engineer. F.2.6 Engineer Requirements
306. As noted in the mitigation plans below , the Engineer is tasked with specific responsibility to ensure safeguard compliance of civil works – with particular emphasis on the monitoring of implementation of EMP through the Contractors SSEMP and related aspects of the project.
307. The Engineer for both Vose – Hovaling and Sayron – Karamik roads should retain the use of Environmental Specialist, both national and international, to ensure that the Contractor is compliant with his environmental obligations. Specifically, the Engineer should be responsible for preparing a monthly environmental report outlining the Contractors environmental performance during that period. The national specialist shall be engaged on a full time basis to undertake day to day monitoring of the contractors activities. He will be assisted by the International specialist who will provide intermittent June 2013 109
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination inputs such as preparing the monthly monitoring report template, preparing a monitoring checklist, reviewing the national specialists monthly reports and providing initial monitoring and reporting training to the National specialist prior to the start of construction activities.
F.2.7 PIU Requirements
308. Under the PIU, a Safeguards Unit (covering environmental and social safeguards, 100% position) will be established. An Environmental and Social Impact (ESI) Specialist will be hired by the PIU and shall have responsibility for day to day EMP implementation and supervision, and provision of reports to the PIU for all Project activities, including the Vose – Hovaling Road and the Sayron – Karamik Road. The ESI Specialist should have previous experience of managing environmental issues on road projects and should have an environmental related degree. The specific responsibilities of the ESI specialist include: • Support the PMU and tendering companies in preparing tender documents; • Implementation and monitoring of the EMP; • Monitoring contractors to ensure adherence to the EMP; • Providing overall planning and coordination and supervision of the EMP activities; • Providing budgets for EMP activities; • Monthly reporting to the PIU on progress of the implementation of the EMP; and • Conducting consultation meetings with local stakeholders as required, informing them of imminent construction works, updating them on the latest project development activities, GRM, etc.
309. To develop the capacity of the ESI Specialist, training and support will be provided by an International Environmental Specialist. The International Specialist, who shall have experience of ADB funded road projects in Tajikistan, will provide two man months of training to the ESI Specialist in environmental management and monitoring and in the all of the topics mentioned above under the ESI Specialists responsibilities. The Specialist will also provide support in the preparation of the Project tender documents.
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F.3 Vose - Hovaling Environmental Management Plan Pre-Construction Phase
310. The following table ( Table F-1) provides the environmental mitigation for the Vose Hovaling Pre construction Phase.
Table F -1: Vose - Hovaling EMP Pre -construction Phase Mitigation Subject Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibilities Impact / Issue Air Quality Air quality Locations for quarry sites, borrow pits and asphalt plants shall require • Contractor to select sites impacts from approval from the Engineer and DEPs during the Pre construction phase. • Engineer and DEPs to stationary Efforts should be made to ensure that these facilities are as near to the approve sites. sources Project road as practical to avoid unnecessary journeys and potential dust issues from vehicle movements during construction works. In addition, no quarry, borrow pit or asphalt plant shall be located within 300 meters of any urban area, protected area or sensitive receptor. Topography Selection of New quarries must obtain the required permits prior to commencement of • Contractor to select quarry Quarry Sites works at these sites, this shall include approval from the DEP and the sites and apply for approval Engineer. Efforts should be made to ensure that quarries are as near to the from DEPs and any other site as practical to avoid unnecessary journeys. However, no quarry shall regulatory agencies. be located within one kilometer of any urban area, protected area or • Engineer to review quarry sensitive receptor. The locations of the quarries shall be indicated within locations, licenses and the Contractors SSEMP. In addition, Contractors should ensure that approvals from MoT and quarries and crusher plants are: DEP. - Located at least 300 meters from urban areas to prevent noise and • Engineer to test suitability of dust impacts; alluvial material. - Located outside of agricultural land; and - Where possible located on government owned lands.
In addition, alluvial material which will be excavated upstream from blocked culvert areas may be used as base material. This material shall be tested by the Contractor and Engineer for its suitability as base material before it maybe used. Hydrology / Selection of Due to the sensitivity of the borrow pit locations, the Contractor shall • Contractor to select borrow Soils Borrow Pits prepare a Borrow Pit Action Plan (BAP) that should be submitted as part of sites and apply for approval the SSEMP to the Engineer prior to the start of construction. The plan will from DEPs and any other identify the locations of all proposed borrow pits. The locations of the regulatory agencies. borrow pits shall be approved by both the Engineer, MoT and the DEPs. No • Engineer to review borrow Vose Hovaling Road EMP 111 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination borrow pit shall be located within five hundred meters of any protected area. locations, licenses and The locations of the borrow pits shall be indicated within the Contractors approvals from MoT and SSEMP. DEP. Selection of No new asphalt plant shall be located within five hundred meters of any • Contractor to select sites Asphalt Plant urban area, protected area or sensitive receptor. The locations of the and apply for approval from Location asphalt plants shall be indicated within the Contractors SSEMP. Asphalt DEPs and any other plant locations shall be approved by the Engineer, MoT and the DEP. regulatory agencies. • Engineer to review locations, licenses and approvals from MoT and DEP. Selection of The Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of a Construction • Engineer to review & Construction Camp Site Plan which will form part of the SSEMP. The Plan shall indicate approve Site Plan Camp Site the system proposed and the locations of related facilities in the site, including latrines, holding areas, etc. The Contractor shall ensure the following conditions are met within the Plan: • Wastewater arising on the site shall be collected, removed from the site via a suitable and properly designed temporary drainage system and disposed of at a location and in a manner that will cause neither pollution nor nuisance. • There shall be no direct discharge of sanitary or wash water to surface water. Disposal of materials such as, but not limited to, lubricating oil and onto the ground or water bodies shall be prohibited. • Liquid material storage containment areas shall not drain directly to surface water. • Lubricating and fuel oil spills shall be cleaned up immediately and spill clean up shall be materials be maintained at the storage area. • Construction and work sites will be equipped with sanitary latrines that do not pollute surface waters. • Discharge of sediment laden construction water directly into surface watercourses will be forbidden. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling lagoons or tanks prior to final discharge. • Spill clean up equipment will be maintained on site. The following conditions to avoid adverse impacts due to improper fuel and chemical storage: - Fueling operations shall occur only within containment areas. - All fuel and chemical storage (if any) shall be sited on an impervious base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area shall be located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund walls shall be impermeable and of sufficient
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination capacity to contain 110 percent of the volume of tanks. - Filling and refueling shall be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures and will take place within areas surrounded by bunds to contain spills / leaks of potentially contaminating liquids. - All valves and trigger guns shall be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use. - The contents of any tank or drum shall be clearly marked. Measures shall be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any drain or watercourses. - Disposal of lubricating oil and other potentially hazardous liquids onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited. - Should any accidental spills occur immediate clean up will be undertaken and all cleanup materials stored in a secure area for disposal to a site authorized to dispose of hazardous waste.
Site plans shall be devised to ensure that, insofar as possible, all temporary construction facilities are locate at least 50 meters away from a water course, stream, or canal. If determined warranted by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide a wash pit or a wheel washing and/or vehicle cleaning facility at the exits from the sites. If so requested, the Contractor shall ensure that all vehicle are properly cleaned (bodies and tires are free of sand and mud) prior to leaving the site areas. The Contractor shall provide necessary cleaning facilities on site and ensure that no water or debris from such cleaning operations is deposited off site. Soils Contamination The Contractor will be responsible for preparation of an Emergency • Contractor to prepare ERP of Soils Response Plan (ERP), which will cover containment of hazardous • Engineer to review and materials, oil spills, and work site accidents. The plan will detail the process approve ERP as part of the for handling, and subsequently reporting, emergencies, and specify the SSEMP organizational structure (including responsibilities of nominated personnel). The plan will be submitted to the Engineer for approval as part of the SSEMP. Air Quality Air Quality The Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of an Air Quality • Contractor to prepare AQP Plan, submitted to the Engineer prior to commencement of the works. The • Engineer to review and plan will detail the action to be taken to minimize dust generation (e.g. approve ERP as part of the spraying unsurfaced roads with water, covering stock piles, and blasting SSEMP with use of small charges etc) and will identify the type, age and standard of equipment to be used. The Plan shall also include contingencies for the accidental release of toxic air pollutants. The Plan shall be completed during the design phase and shall form part of the SSEMP. Flora Vegetation The Contractor shall be responsible for identifying locations where he may • Contractor to select sites. Vose Hovaling Road EMP 113 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination procurement procure specific vegetation for slope stabilization that will be affected by cut activities. The Contractor shall also, in consultation with DEPs, prepare a plan to re vegetate other slopes prone to erosion. Land Use Loss of The MOT must prepare the Land Acquisition and Resettlement Plan (the • MOT to complete LARP Property and LARP), obtain the approval of ADB and then implement the plan and • ADB to approve LARP Land acquire the land prior to the start of Pre construction activities. Waste and Waste The Contractor shall be responsible for preparing a Waste Management • Contractor to prepare WMP Spoil Management Plan to manage all excess spoil and waste material. The Plan, which forms • Engineer to review and part of the SSEMP, shall include items relating to the safe handling and approve WMP as part of the management of: SSEMP • Domestic waste • Food waste • Inert garbage • Recycled Waste • Plastic • Metals • Wood • Construction Waste • Hazardous Waste • Liquid Waste
The Plan will also include provisions to manage all excess spoil material. The Plan should indicate where the spoil will occur and methods and locations for disposal. Health and Worker Health A Health and Safety Plan shall be prepared by the Contractor, as part of the • Contractor to prepare HSP safety and Safety SSEMP, to manage worker safety. The plan shall include an item relating to • Engineer to review and accidental release of toxic fumes. approve HSP as part of the SSEMP EMP Preparation of The Contractor shall prepare a SSEMP to meet the requirements of this • Contractor to prepare Requirement SSEMP EMP. Specifically the SSEMP shall contain sections relating to: SSEMP • Management of Physical Environment • Engineer to review and - Soils approve SSEMP - Water - Air • Management of Ecological Environmental - Flora - Fauna - Protected Areas • Management of Economic Characteristics - Infrastructure Vose Hovaling Road EMP 114 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination - Transport - Land Use - Agriculture • Management of Social and Cultural Resources - Communities, Health and Education Facilities - Historical and Cultural Areas - Noise
In addition, the SSEMP shall contain specific Management Plans as Annexes relating to the following: • Borrow Pit Management Plan • Air Quality Management Plan • Water Quality Management Plan • Noise Management Plan • Waste Management Plan • Emergency Response Plan • Dust Suppression Plan • Site Plan • Health and Safety Plan
Each section shall describe the precise location of the required mitigation / monitoring, the persons responsible for the mitigation / monitoring, the schedule and reporting methodology. The SSEMP must be submitted within 30 days of the contract award and construction cannot commence until the SSEMPs are approved by the MoT and the Engineer. Incorporation of The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring compliance with this EMP. • MOT to ensure EMP is Items into Bid A specific environmental section shall be included within the main Bid included within Bid Documents Documents indicating that the Contractor shall be responsible for Documents conforming with the requirements of the EMP. As such this EMP shall be included as an annex to the Contract Bid Documents.
F.4 Vose - Hovaling Environmental Management Plan Detailed Design Phase
311. The following table ( Figure F-2) provides the environmental mitigation for the Vose Hovaling Detailed Design Phase
Tab le F -2: Vose - Hovaling EMP Detailed Design Phase Mitigation Vose Hovaling Road EMP 115 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibilities Impact / Issue
Impacts Any Update the IEE and EMP to address any impacts associated with the • Contractor to update the associated with environment feeder roads. IEE/EMP the connecting al impacts • PIU’s Environmental and feeder roads with Social Officer to review, and magnitude endorse the IEE/EMP with more than ADB minimal Soils Soil Erosion To reduce the impacts of erosion, the Contractors Detailed Designs shall • Contractor to include ensure: mitigations in his detailed • The side slopes of cuttings and embankments will be designed to design. reflect soil strength and other considerations as included in the project • Engineer to review and specifications in order to reduce slips or erosion; approve design documents. • To prevent soil erosion in areas of steep mountainous slopes, rock fall fences, rip rap, retaining structures and gabion baskets for river bank protection will be included in the engineering design; • For embankments greater than 6m, stepped embankments will be used; and • Ditches shall be designed for the toe of slopes in cut sections with gutters or drainage chutes designed to carry water down slope to prevent erosion. Interceptor ditches shall be constructed near the top of slopes, or on benches, in cut slopes. For steep slopes drainage will be designed and constructed to intercept longitudinal flow and carry water away from fill slopes.
Vose Hovaling Road EMP 116 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination Slope The Contractor shall follow the recommendations of the Preliminary Design in • Contractor to include Stabilization selecting his slope stabilization methods. In addition, to ensure slope mitigations in his detailed stabilization around areas of cut, the Contractor, shall during the Detailed design. Design, ensure: • Engineer to review and • Design of discharge zones from drainage structures with riprap to reduce approve design documents. erosion when required. • Down drains/chutes are lined with rip rap/masonry or concrete to prevent erosion. • Side slopes adjusted in the range based on soil and other conditions as specified by the Project Specifications to reduce erosion potential. It is recommended that steep slopes be stabilized, covered with riprap or other material to prevent soil erosion. • Stepped embankments for embankments greater than six meters.
Geology and Seismic The seismic characteristics of the potentially affected area shall be taken into • Contractor to include Seismic Issues account during the Detailed Design phase of the Project. Earthquake loading mitigations in his detailed Conditions shall be applied to the design of structures, including bridges, to ensure that design. seismic events do not have negative impacts during the operational phase of • Engineer to review and the Project. approve design documents. Hydrology Drainage Consideration in the design phase will be given to the issue of drainage and • Engineer to review and culverts to ensure that drainage patterns are improved from the existing approve design documents. conditions and that increased run off does not occur or result in flooding of areas previously undisturbed. During design, the Contractor shall ensure that all drainage works are designed based on the historical flood data and flood forecasting. A design discharge of 50 years return period is considered for culverts, and 100 years of bridges. The design of all structural components must conform to the design standards provided in the Employer’s Special Requirements. Drilling of The Contractor shall ensure that all required permits have been gathered • Contractor to gather permits Boreholes prior to the excavation of any borehole. • Engineer to review permits prior to excavation works commencement. Bridge All new bridges must be designed for the life expectancy of 75 years. The Construction bridge rehabilitation and strengthening works must be designed for the life expectancy of 50 years. The design loading and design of all structural components must conform to the bridge design standards provided in the Employer’s Special Requirements. Finally, the bridge design and layout must be aesthetically pleasing and in harmony with the existing environment. Historical and Impacts to Designs shall ensure that there is no significant encroachment to any • Contractor to include Archeological Historical and cemeteries or places of worship. mitigations in his detailed
Vose Hovaling Road EMP 117 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination Sites Archeological design. Sites • Engineer to review and approve design documents. Flora Loss of Trees During Detailed Design the Contractor shall ensure that roadside activities • Contractor to include such as asphalt plants, construction camps and other ancillary features are mitigations in his detailed properly sited as agreed with the relevant CEP. The Contractor should avoid design. loss of trees where possible and should employ techniques such as • Engineer to review and asymmetrical widening. Where trees must be felled, the Contractor shall approve design documents. ensure that each one removed should be replaced by at least two new • Contractor to replace trees saplings of the same species or other at suitable locations, all as designated during Construction with by the tree owner, oversight from the Engineer. Health and Safety The Contractor shall ensure that traffic safety issues shall be accounted for • Engineer to review and Safety during the design phase of the Project, they including incorporation of: approve design documents. • Safety barriers • Traffic signs • Road Crossings • Speed Bumps • Speed limits
F.5 Vose - Hovaling Environmental Management Plan Construction Phase
312. The following table ( Figure F-3) provides the environmental mitigation for the Vose Hovaling Construction Phase.
Table F -3: Vose - Hovaling EMP Construction Phase Mitigation Subject Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibilities Impact / Issue
Air Quality Open The Contractor shall ensure no burning of debris or other materials will occur • Contractor to implement burning of on the Site without permission of the Engineer. mitigation. waste • Engineer to routinely materials monitor Contractors activities. Fuel Contractor shall ensure that no furnaces, boilers or other similar plant or • Contractor to implement Emissions equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants will be installed mitigation. without prior written consent of the Engineer. • Engineer to routinely monitor Contractors activities. Vose Hovaling Road EMP 118 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination Exhaust The Contractor shall ensure construction equipment shall be maintained to a • Contractor to implement emissions good standard and fitted with pollution control devices. The equipment mitigation. from the (including the pollution control devices) will be checked at regular intervals by • Engineer to routinely operation of the Engineer to ensure they are maintained in working order and the checks monitor Contractors construction will be recorded by the Contractor & Engineer as part of environmental activities. machinery monitoring. In addition, the Contractor shall: • Discouraging of the idling of engines; • Prohibit of the use of equipment and machinery that causes excessive pollution (i.e. visible smoke) at project work sites; Ensure material stockpiles being located in sheltered areas and be covered with tarpaulins or other such suitable covering to prevent material becoming airborne. Fugitive The Contractor shall ensure that conveyor belts at ancillary facilities (e.g. • Contractor to implement emissions quarries) shall be fitted with wind boards, and conveyor transfer points and mitigation from quarries hopper discharge areas shall be enclosed to minimize dust emission. All • Engineer to routinely and asphalt conveyors carrying materials that have the potential to create dust shall be monitor Contractors plants. totally enclosed and fitted with belt cleaners. activities. Dust The Contractor shall ensure that the following dust suppression measures • Contractor to implement generated shall be instituted: mitigation from haul • All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the site will be • Engineer to routinely roads, covered with canvas tarpaulins, or other acceptable type cover (which monitor Contractors unpaved shall be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling activities. roads, from or being blown off the vehicle(s); exposed • Areas of reclamation shall be completed, including final compaction, as soils and quickly as possible consistent with good practice to limit the creation of material wind blown dust. stock piles. • Hard surfaces will be required in areas with regular movements of vehicles; and • Effective use of water sprays will be implemented (e.g., all roads within the construction areas of the Site shall be sprayed at least twice each day, and more if necessary to control dust to the satisfaction of the Engineer). Topography Cut and Fill The Contractor shall ensure that: • Contractor to implement Requirement • Where excess fill material cannot be re used contract provisions shall mitigation ensure that none of the excess material is dumped into the Zaravshan • Engineer to routinely River (or any of its tributaries). monitor Contractors • Any locations identified by the Contractor where excess cut material will activities. be produced (not anticipated by design) shall be reported to the Engineer • Approvals for waste and a suitable location identified by both parties and the DEP for the disposal sites to be sought disposal of this inert waste. from the DEP by the Vose Hovaling Road EMP 119 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination • Temporary and permanent storage of materials should be confined to Contractor. government owned land and in no circumstances should be dumped on agricultural or productive lands or to any watercourse including irrigation channels. • In the event of any spoil or debris from construction works being deposited in any of the afore mentioned areas or any silt washed down to any area, then all such spoil, debris or material and silt shall be immediately removed and the affected land and areas restored to their natural state by the Contractor to the satisfaction of the Engineer. Blasting The Contractor shall prepare a Blast Plan to the satisfaction of the Engineer, • in addition he shall ensure: • Before the firing of any blast, the rock to be blasted shall be covered with approved blasting mats, soil, or other equally serviceable material, to prevent fly rock that may result in damage to life or property. • The Contractor shall protect all overhead and underground utilities prior to blasting and immediately repair or replace any damaged by the blasting operations. • Warning signs and public notification are required to avoid all risks to the public that use the roadway. • Blasting shall be restricted to the times specified by the Engineer • The Contractor shall use the utmost care so as not to endanger life or property, or disturb materials outside the limits of the excavation. • When blasting, ample warning shall be given to all persons within the vicinity prior to blasting. Warning signs shall be erected a minimum of 24 hours prior to the blast time, and workers shall be stationed to warn people before firing any blasts. The warning signs will state the time and date of each blast. • The Contractor is forewarned that existing residential and commercial properties may be located in close proximity of the blast and that these properties shall be protected. The Contractor shall be responsible for all damage to these properties, including providing suitable temporary housing to residents or business occupants until repair work is completed. Slope The Contractor shall be responsible for the following: • Contractor to implement Stabilization • Trenching will be used where necessary to ensure successful mitigation establishment of vegetation. • Engineer to routinely • Final forming and seeding with a fast growing crop and native seed mix monitor Contractors will occur immediately after fill placement to prevent scour and to activities. encourage stabilization; • Construction in erosion and flood prone areas will be restricted to the Vose Hovaling Road EMP 120 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination dry season. • Implementing the tree planting program for the stabilization of other slopes. Quarries If licensed quarries are not available the Contractor may be made responsible • DEP to approve locations. for setting up their dedicated quarries. Prior to opening of any quarry or rock • Contractor to obtain crushing facility, the Contractor will require approval from the relevant DEP necessary permits. and the Engineer to ensure that land owners are adequately compensated for • Engineer to review permits land use and that the sites are not located in an area likely to cause and approvals prior to the significant detriment to the local environment. To ensure that this is the case opening of the site. Contractors should ensure that quarries and crusher plants are: • Located at least 300 meters from urban areas to prevent noise and dust impacts; • Located outside of agricultural land; and • Where possible located on government owned lands. Soils Loss of Soil The Engineer shall ensure that all appropriate LARP measures have been • Engineer to coordinate with for taken by the MoT before any alteration or destruction of agricultural land by MOT & Contractor. Agricultural the Contractor. Production Erosion The Contractor will be responsible for ensuing: • Contractor to implement • Material that is less susceptible to erosion will be selected for mitigation placement around bridges and culverts. • Engineer to routinely Re vegetation of exposed areas including; (i) selection of fast growing and monitor Contractors grazing resistant species of local flora; (ii) immediate re vegetation of all activities. slopes and embankments if not covered with gabion baskets; (iii) placement of fiber mats to encourage vegetation growth. Contaminatio The Contractor shall ensure that: • Contractor to implement n Due to • All fuel and chemical storage (if any) shall be sited on an impervious mitigation Spills or base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area shall be • Engineer to routinely Hazardous located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund monitor Contractors Materials walls shall be impermeable and of sufficient capacity to contain 110 activities. percent of the volume of tanks. • The construction camp maintenance yard shall be constructed on impervious hardstanding with adequate drainage to collect spills, there shall be no vehicle maintenance activities on open ground. • Filling and refueling shall be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures. Drip pans shall be placed under all filling and fueling areas. Waste oils shall be stored and disposed of by a licensed contractor. • All valves and trigger guns shall be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use.
Vose Hovaling Road EMP 121 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination • The contents of any tank or drum shall be clearly marked. Measures shall be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any soils. • No bitumen drums or containers, full or used, shall be stored on open ground. They shall only be stored on impervious hardstanding. Areas using bitumen shall be constructed on impervious hardstanding to prevent seepage of oils into the soils. Hydrology Drainage and The Contractor shall ensure the following conditions are met: • Contractor to implement Flooding • During the construction phase the Contractor is required to construct, mitigation maintain, remove and reinstate as necessary temporary drainage works • Engineer to routinely and take all other precautions necessary for the avoidance of damage by monitor Contractors flooding and silt washed down from the Works. activities. • The Contractor shall arrange with the village representatives those works which might interfere with the flow of irrigation waters to be carried out at such times as will cause the least disturbance to irrigation operations. • Should any operation being performed by the Contractor interrupt existing irrigation facilities, the Contractor shall restore the irrigation appurtenances to their original working conditions within 24 hours of being notified of the interruption. Construction The Contractor shall ensure the following conditions are met: • Contractor to implement Camps and • Wastewater arising on the site shall be collected, removed from the site mitigation Storage via a suitable and properly designed temporary drainage system and • Engineer to routinely Areas disposed of at a location and in a manner that will cause neither pollution monitor Contractors nor nuisance. activities. • There shall be no direct discharge of sanitary or wash water to surface water. Disposal of materials such as, but not limited to, lubricating oil and onto the ground or water bodies shall be prohibited. • Liquid material storage containment areas shall not drain directly to surface water. • Lubricating and fuel oil spills shall be cleaned up immediately and spill clean up shall be materials be maintained at the storage area. • Construction and work sites will be equipped with sanitary latrines that do not pollute surface waters. • Discharge of sediment laden construction water directly into surface watercourses will be forbidden. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling lagoons or tanks prior to final discharge. • Spill clean up equipment will be maintained on site. The following conditions to avoid adverse impacts due to improper fuel and chemical storage: - Fueling operations shall occur only within containment areas. - All fuel and chemical storage (if any) shall be sited on an
Vose Hovaling Road EMP 122 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination impervious base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area shall be located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund walls shall be impermeable and of sufficient capacity to contain 110 percent of the volume of tanks. - Filling and refueling shall be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures and will take place within areas surrounded by bunds to contain spills / leaks of potentially contaminating liquids. - All valves and trigger guns shall be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use. - The contents of any tank or drum shall be clearly marked. Measures shall be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any drain or watercourses. - Disposal of lubricating oil and other potentially hazardous liquids onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited. - Should any accidental spills occur immediate clean up will be undertaken and all cleanup materials stored in a secure area for disposal to a site authorized to dispose of hazardous waste. If determined warranted by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide a wash pit or a wheel washing and/or vehicle cleaning facility at the exits from the sites. If so requested, the Contractor shall ensure that all vehicle are properly cleaned (bodies and tires are free of sand and mud) prior to leaving the site areas. The Contractor shall provide necessary cleaning facilities on site and ensure that no water or debris from such cleaning operations is deposited off site. Bridge The Contractor shall consult with the local DEP to establish the fish spawning • Contractor to implement Construction period in relation to the bridge construction works. The Contractor shall mitigation. ensure that all works are undertaken in periods least likely to affect the fish • Contractor to consult with spawning period. In addition, concerning bridge construction works, the DEP. Contractor shall: • Engineer to routinely • Divert the water flow near the bridge piers. monitor Contractors • Coffer dams, silt fences, sediment barriers or other devices will be activities. provided to prevent migration of silt during construction within streams. • Dewatering and cleaning of cofferdams will be performed to prevent siltation by pumping from cofferdams to a settling basin or a containment unit.
Vose Hovaling Road EMP 123 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination Borrow Pits. The Contractor shall ensure that: • Contractor to implement • Pit restoration will follow the completion of works in full mitigation compliance all applicable standards and specifications. • Engineer to routinely • Arrangements for opening and using material borrow pits will monitor Contractors contain enforceable provisions. activities. • The excavation and restoration of the borrow areas and their surroundings, in an environmentally sound manner to the satisfaction of the Engineer will be required before final acceptance and payment under the terms of contracts. • Additional borrow pits will not be opened without the restoration of those areas no longer in use. Flora and Loss of flora The Contractor shall ensure the following conditions are met: • Contractor to implement Fauna • Each tree removed by the Contractor should be replaced by at least two mitigation new saplings of the same species or other at suitable locations, all as • Engineer to routinely designated by the tree owner. monitor Contractors • Supplying appropriate and adequate fuel in workers’ camps to activities. prevent fuel wood collection from unauthorized sources. Land Use Construction The Contractor will be required to coordinate all construction camp activities • Contractor to implement Camps and with neighboring land uses. The Contractor shall also be responsible to mitigation other maintain and cleanup campsites and respect the rights of local landowners. If • Engineer to routinely ancillary located outside the RoW, written agreements with local landowners for monitor Contractors facilities temporary use of the property will be required and sites must be restored to a activities. level acceptable to the owner within a predetermined time period. Transport and Road The Contractor shall ensure that: • Contractor to implement Infrastructure closures, • He shall be responsible for provision of all road diversion signs and mitigation diversions ensure that diversion roads do not impact negatively upon private lands. • Engineer to routinely and blocking • Any diversions shall be agreed upon by the Engineer. monitor Contractors of access • Notices of delays, due to blasting, shall be posted in villages within ten activities. routes kilometers of the blasting area so villagers can plan their travel times accordingly. • The Contractor should make blasting at a regular period in the day so that the local population become aware of the most likely delay periods. • The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that all access routes are kept open during Project works for at least 50% of the day during construction works and 100% of the time after construction works are completed for the day. Electrical During construction the Contractor shall ensure that all power lines be kept • Contractor to implement Systems operational, this may include the provision of temporary transmission lines mitigation while existing poles and lines are moved. The only exception to this item will • Engineer to routinely be during periods of blasting when HV power lines will be switched off for monitor Contractors Vose Hovaling Road EMP 124 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination safety. activities. Waste and Spoil Under no circumstances shall the Contractor dump excess materials on • Contractor to implement Spoil private lands without permission of the owner and approval from the mitigation. Engineer. In addition, excess spoil shall not be dumped or pushed into any • DEP to approve any waste river at any location unless in low volumes and agreed upon with the disposal to the River. Engineer and with approval from the DEP. • Engineer to routinely monitor Contractors activities. Inert Solid & The contractor shall be responsible for the following: • Contractor to implement Liquid waste • Provide refuse containers at each worksite; mitigation. • Maintain all construction sites in a cleaner, tidy and safe condition and • DEP to approve any waste provide and maintain appropriate facilities as temporary storage of all disposal site. wastes before transportation and final disposal; • Engineer to routinely • Train and instruct all personnel in waste management practices and monitor Contractors procedures as a component of the environmental induction process, and activities. • Collect and transport non hazardous wastes to all approved disposal sites. The sites for waste disposal shall be agreed with the local municipal authorities and DEP. A specialized company may be contracted, if available to ensure collection of domestic and general waste from camps and temporary storage areas and transportation to landfills approved and licensed by the DEP. Asphalt It is recommended that discussions are undertaken with the DEUs to • DEU to assess feasibility. determine if it is feasible to re process the asphalt for use on other local roads throughout the region. If it is determined to be cost effective, the Project should consider procuring equipment for this purpose. Hazardous Management, handling & storage protocols for hazardous waste will be • Contractor to implement Waste outlined in the Contractors Waste Management Plan. Disposal locations of mitigation. hazardous wastes should be agreed with the DEP. The Contractor shall • DEP to approve any waste collect hydrocarbon wastes, including lube oils, for safe transport off site for disposal site. reuse, recycling, treatment or disposal at the temporary storage sites and • Engineer to routinely further at the locations approved by DEP or pass it to the licensed operator monitor Contractors having environmental permit on operation of the hazardous wastes. activities. Health and Worker The Contractor shall be responsible for provision of: • Contractor to implement Safety Health & • Safety Training Program. A Safety Training Program is required and shall mitigation safety consist of an Initial Safety Induction Course. All workmen shall be • Engineer to routinely required to attend a safety induction course within their first week on Site monitor Contractors and Periodic Safety Training Courses. activities. • Safety Meetings. Regular safety meetings will be conducted on a monthly basis and shall require attendance by the safety representatives of Subcontractors unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer. Vose Hovaling Road EMP 125 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination • Safety Inspections. The Contractor shall regularly inspect, test and maintain all safety equipment, scaffolds, guardrails, working platforms, hoists, ladders and other means of access, lifting, lighting, signing and guarding equipment. Lights and signs shall be kept clear of obstructions and legible to read. Equipment, which is damaged, dirty, incorrectly positioned or not in working order, shall be repaired or replaced immediately. • Safety Equipment and Clothing. Safety equipment and protective clothing are required to be available on the Site at all material times and measures for the effective enforcement of proper utilization and necessary replacement of such equipment and clothing, and all construction plant and equipment used on or around the Site shall be fitted with appropriate safety devices. • First Aid facilities. A fully equipped first aid base shall be climatically controlled to maintain the temperature of the inside of the building at 20 degrees C. Arrangements for emergency medical services shall be made to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall coordinate with local public health officials and shall reach a documented understanding with regard to the use of hospitals and other community facilities. Sub All sub contractors will be supplied with copies of the SSEMP. Provisions will • Contractor to implement contractor be incorporated into all sub contracts to ensure the compliance with the mitigation H&S SSEMP at all tiers of the sub contracting. All sub contractors will be required • Engineer to routinely to appoint a safety representative who shall be available on the Site monitor Contractors and throughout the operational period of the respective sub contract unless the sub contractors activities. Engineers approval to the contrary is given in writing. In the event of the Engineers approval being given, the Engineer, without prejudice to their other duties and responsibilities, shall ensure, as far as is practically possible, that employees of subcontractors of all tiers are conversant with appropriate parts of the SSEMP.
HIV / AIDS The Contractor shall subcontract with an Approved Service Provider to • Contractor to implement provide an HIV Awareness Program to the Contractor’s Personnel and the mitigation. Local Community as soon as practicable after the Contractor’s Personnel • Service Provider to arrive at the Site but in any case within two weeks after the Contractor’s implement training. Personnel arrive at Site and to repeat the HIV Awareness Program at • Engineer to review program. intervals not exceeding four months Historical Impacts to To avoid potential adverse impacts to historic and cultural resources, the • Contractor to implement and Historical Contractor shall: mitigation archeological and • Adhere to accepted international practice and all applicable historic and Vose Hovaling Road EMP 126 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination areas archeological cultural preservation requirements of the Government of Tajikistan, • Engineer to routinely areas including all appropriate local government entities, and monitor Contractors • In the event of unanticipated discoveries of cultural or historic activities. artifacts (movable or immovable) in the course of the work, the Contractor shall take all necessary measures to protect the findings and shall notify the Engineer and the Ministry of Culture. If continuation of the work would endanger the finding, project work shall be suspended until a solution for preservation of the artifacts is agreed upon. Noise Construction The Contractor shall ensure provision of the following: • Contractor to implement Noise and • Source Controls, i.e., requirements that all exhaust systems will be mitigation Vibration maintained in good working order; properly designed engine enclosures • Engineer to routinely and intake silencers will be employed; and regular equipment monitor Contractors maintenance will be undertaken; activities. • Site Controls, i.e., requirements that stationary equipment will be placed as far from sensitive land uses as practical; selected to minimize objectionable noise impacts; and provided with shielding mechanisms where possible; • Work near Sensitive Receptors shall be limited to short term activities; • Time and Activity Constraints, i.e., operations will be scheduled to coincide with periods when people would least likely be affected; work hours and work days will be limited to less noise sensitive times. Hours of work will be approved by the Engineer having due regard for possible noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited between 10 PM and 6 AM in the residential areas. When operating close to sensitive areas such as residential, nursery, or medical facilities, the Contractor’s hours of working shall be limited to 8 AM to 6 PM; • Community Awareness, i.e., public notification of construction operations will incorporate noise considerations; methods to handle complaints will be specified. Sensitive receptors will be avoided as possible (i.e., aggregate crushers, operators, etc.). Disposal sites and haul routes will be coordinated with local officials; • Blasting will only be carried out during the day and according to a pre established schedule, the adjacent communities will be notified of the blasting times well in advance; • Use of blasting mats to reduce noise during blasting operations; • Use of low volume charges will reduce the potential for vibration induced damage to structures; and • In the event of damage proven to be due to the contractor’s activities, owners of structures will be fully compensated.
Vose Hovaling Road EMP 127 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
F.6 Vose - Hovaling Environmental Management Plan Operational and Maintenance Phase
313. The following table ( Table F-4) provides the environmental mitigation for the Vose Hovaling Operational and Maintenance Phase.
Table F -4: Vose - Hovaling EMP Operational and Maintenance Phase Mitigation Subject Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibilities Impact / Issue Air Quality Air quality Potential impacts due to the use of the highway are the purview of the CEP. • CEP to monitor air impacts from emissions during the Vehicle operational phase of the movements Project So ils Erosion Contracts stipulated that the Contractor shall be liable for a one year defects • DEPs to monitor vegetation liability period. During this year the DEPs should undertake regular growth and erosion impacts observational monitoring of the Project Road to ensure that engineering during defects liability works and vegetation growth have prevented erosion impacts. If the DEPs period. discover any potential issues they shall report their findings to the MoT who shall then make the Contractor responsible for final improvements. Final payments can not be made until outstanding issues are resolved Hydrology Impacts to Contracts stipulated that the Contractor shall be liable for a one year defects • DEPs to monitor water hydrology and liability period. During this year the locals DEPs should undertake regular quality during defects water quality) water quality monitoring and routine observational monitoring of construction liability period. as a result of areas close to any rivers to ensure that the road works are not having any construction continuous impacts upon the hydrological conditions of the region. If the activities. DEPs discover any potential issues they shall report their findings to the MoT who shall then make the Contractor responsible for final improvements. Final payments can not be made until outstanding issues are resolved.
F.7 Vose - Hovaling Environmental Monitoring Plan Pre-Construction Phase
314. The following table ( Table F-5) provides the environmental monitoring for the Vose Hovaling Pre construction Phase
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
Table F-5: Vose - Hovaling EMP: Pre -construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring Issue Mitigation Locations Schedule Responsibilities Reporting Air quality The Contractor shall undertake The recommended Air quality The Contractor shall The Agency baseline instrumental monitoring baseline monitoring baseline engage a third part shall provide his during the Pre construction phase. locations include the monitoring shall monitoring agency to results to the Parameters to be monitored to villages of: be carried out as undertake the Contractor and establish a baseline include: • Imomali (KM 81) soon after the baseline monitoring. Engineer prior to • Total Suspended Particulates • Kaduchi (KM 78) date of The Agency shall be the start of (TSP) • Ghelot (KM 64) acceptance of the approved by the Project works. • Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2) • Osmanbeka (KM Bid as practicable DEP. • Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2) 57) to determine • Carbon Monoxide (CO) • Lohuti (KM10.8) ambient levels of • Darobi Kalon (KM the air pollutants 6) at the specified • Hovaling (KM 0.5) monitoring locations which In addition, the will be identified in Engineer may also the SSEMP. recommend additional monitoring locations during the baseline monitoring. However, as an indicator the number of sampling locations should not exceed ten. Water Quality The Contractor shall undertake The recommended Water quality The Contractor shall The Agency Impacts due to baseline instrumental monitoring baseline monitoring baseline engage a third party shall provide his construction during the Pre construction phase. locations include: monitoring shall monitoring agency to results to the works Parameters to be monitored to • 50 meters be carried out as undertake the Contractor and establish a baseline include: downstream of soon after the baseline monitoring. Engineer prior to • Total Suspended Solids (TSS) bridges at KM1.8 date of The Agency shall be the start of • Biological Oxygen Demand (riv. ObiMazar), acceptance of the approved by the Project works. (BOD) KM3.3 (riv. Bid as practicable DEP. • Dissolved oxygen (DO) Jonbakht) and to determine • Fecal coliform KM10.8 (riv. ambient levels of Vose Hovaling Road EMP 129 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination • Oil and grease ObiMazar) the pollutants at In addition, the the specified Engineer may also monitoring recommend additional locations which monitoring locations will be identified in during baseline the SSEMP. monitoring and during construction. However, as an indicator the number of sampling locations, including the baseline locations, should not exceed ten.
F.8 Vose - Hovaling Environmental Monitoring Plan Construction Phase
315. The following table ( Exhibit F-6) provides the environmental monitoring for the Vose Hovaling Construction Phase
Table F-6: Vose - Hovaling EMP: Construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring Issue Mitigat ion Locations Schedule Responsibilities Reporting Air Quality The Contractor shall establish routine At the locations of the Monitoring to be The Contractor shall The Air Quality Monitoring throughout the baselines monitoring undertaken once hire an independent Independent construction period. The following and at any additional every three monitoring consultant Specialist shall parameters shall be monitored: (TSP), locations to be months to perform the provide his Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide determined by the monitoring activities. results to the (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Engineer (not to Contractor and Other parameters maybe warranted as exceed ten per Engineer within and when requested by the Engineer. monitoring period). a three days of the sampling activity. Surface The Contractor shall ensure that routine Locations will be Monitoring to be Responsibilities – The The Water surface water monitoring is undertaken determined in undertaken bi Contractor shall hire Independent Quality throughout the construction period. consultation with the monthly an independent air Specialist shall Measured water quality parameters shall Engineer and the DEP quality monitoring provide his include and shall include the consultant. results to the • Total Suspended solids (TSS) baseline locations Contractor and • Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD) above and any other Engineer within Vose Hovaling Road EMP 130 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination • Dissolved oxygen (DO), likely to be subject to three days of • Conductivity Fecal coliform water quality impacts the sampling • Oil and grease or significant runoff activity. (construction camps, staging areas, etc.).
Noise The Contractor shall ensure that routine Locations will be Bi Monthly The Contractor shall The noise monitoring is undertaken determined in throughout hire an independent Independent throughout the construction period. consultation with the construction. noise monitoring Specialist shall Parameters to be monitored to establish Engineer and the local consultant. provide his a baseline include: DEP but shall include results to the Laeq 1h (dBA) at least the following Contractor and locations: Engineer within • Imomali (KM 81) a three days of • Kaduchi (KM 78) the sampling • Ghelot (KM 64) activity. • Osmanbeka (KM 57) • Lohuti (KM10.8) • Darobi Kalon (KM 6) • Hovaling (KM 0.5)
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CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
F.9. Vose - Hovaling EMP Costs
316. Most costs associated with the environmental recommendations are a normal part of preparing the bid and contract documents and ensuring that proper environmental provisions are incorporated therein. The installation of septic systems at construction camps, for example, is an environmental necessity, but not generally considered an “environmental cost”. Bid solicitations will call for the costs of recommended baseline monitoring to be included in the bids. Both baseline and periodic monitoring during construction are normally considered to be a part of good engineering practice and included in the Project Budget. Supervision and monitoring of Contractor activities and reporting thereon are a normal responsibility of the Engineer included in the Project Budget and not a separable cost. Nonetheless, the most overt and explicit environmental mitigation and monitoring activities can be estimated. Those for the Project are summarized below ( Tables F-7 & F-8). They include estimates for training in regard to the requirements of SSEMP, baseline monitoring of the major environmental parameters and routine periodic monitoring and reporting during the Construction Stage.
Table F -7: Vose - Hovaling EMP Mitigation Costs Activity / Item Frequency Unit Cost Cost /USD Pre -construction 1. Selection of Quarry Sites Once during design Included in Project 0 Budget 2. Selection of Borrow Pits Once during design Included in Project 0 Budget 3. Selection of Asphalt Plant Once during design Included in Project 0 Location Budget 4. Selection of Construction Camp Once during design Included in Project 0 Site Budget 5. ERP Once, forms part of SSEMP Budget 0 SSEMP 6. Soil Erosion protection Once during design Included in Project 0 measures Budget 7. Slope Stabilization measures Once during design Included in Project 0 Budget 8. Hydrological measures Once during design Included in Project 0 Budget 9. Air Quality Plan Once, forms part of SSEMP Budget 0 SSEMP 10. Waste Management Plan Once, forms part of SSEMP Budget 0 SSEMP 11. Worker Health and Safety Once, forms part of SSEMP Budget 0 Plan SSEMP 12. Noise Monitoring Plan Once, forms part of SSEMP Budget 0 SSEMP 13. Preparation of SSEMP Once 50,000 50,000 14. PIU ESI Specialist 30 months 2,000 per month 60,000 15. PIU ESI Specialist Expenses 30 months 1,000 per month 30,000 16. Training for ESI Specialist 2 months 25,000 per month 50,000 Detailed Design Vose Hovaling Road EMP June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
17. Tree felling Throughout detailed 5 5,750 design (planting approximately 1150 trees) Construction 18. Engineers National 30 Months. 2,000 per month 60,000 Environmental Specialist. 19. Engineers International 4 Months. 25,000 per month 100,000 Environmental Specialist. 20. Safety Training. Every month, by Included in Project 0 Contractors H&S Construction costs Staff. 21. Safety Equipment for Once. Included in Project 0 Workers. Construction costs 22. First aid facilities. Once. Included in Project 0 Construction costs 23. Refuse containers. Once. Assume fifty 90 4,500 (360 liter). 24. Waste disposal. Throughout Included in Project 0 construction. Construction costs 25. Clean up of construction sites. Once. Included in Project 0 Construction costs 26. Environmental Permits. Once. Included in Project 0 Construction costs 27. Embankment vegetation. Throughout Included in Project 0 construction. Construction costs 28. Tree planting. At the locations of Lump sum 25,000 felled trees. 29. Tree planting. At areas prone to Lump sum 100,000 erosion. 30. Maintenance of trees At location of felled Lump sum 10,000 trees. 31. Spill kits. At each hazardous Included in Project 0 liquid storage area Construction costs (assume 10). 32. Septic tanks. Once at Two 10,000 20,000 locations. 33. Temporary drainage / Throughout Included in Project 0 irrigations measures construction. Construction costs 34. Impervious hardstanding (for At each Construction Included in Project 0 maintenance yards, bitumen camp. Construction costs storage, etc) 35. Water spraying Daily During dry Water extracted 25,000 periods. from river. Contractor to purchase water bowser – 25,000 36. Tarpaulins Once Included in Project 0 Construction costs 37. HIV/AIDS Training Program Once every 4 1,000 6,000 months (6 times) Total 54 6,25 0
Table F -8: Vose - Hovaling EMP Instrumental Monitoring Costs Vose Hovaling Road EMP 133 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
Activity / Item Frequency Unit Cost Cost /USD Baseline Instrumental Monitoring 1. Air Quality Once at each specific 100 700 location prior to construction (7 Sites) 2.Water Quality One at each location 100 300 specified in Table 6-1 (3 sites) Routine Instrumental Moni toring 3. Air Quality Every three months at 100 8,000 Monitoring specific sites through construction (maximum ten sites). 4. Water Quality Monthly during the bridge 100 1,000 construction works (3 sites) estimated period of 10 months. 5. Noise Monitoring Bi monthly at the locations 100 12,000 specified in Table 6-2 and at other locations specified by the Engineer (maximum ten sites). Total 22,000
Vose Hovaling Road EMP 134 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
Vose Hovaling Road EMP 135 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
F.10 Sayron – Karamik Environmental Management Plan Pre-Construction Phase
317. The following table ( Table F-9) provides the environmental mitigation for the Sayron – Karamik Pre construction Phase.
Table F-9: Sayron – Karamik EMP Pre -construction Phase Mitigation Subject Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibilities Impact / Issue Air Quality Air quality Locations for any new quarry sites, borrow pits and asphalt plants shall • Contractor to select sites impacts from require approval from the Engineer and DEPs during the Pre construction • Engineer and DEPs to stationary phase. Efforts should be made to ensure that these facilities are as near to approve sites. sources the Project road as practical to avoid unnecessary journeys and potential dust issues from vehicle movements during construction works. In addition, no quarry, borrow pit or asphalt plant shall be located within 300 meters of any urban area, protected area or sensitive receptor. Hydrology / Selection of The Contractor shall prepare a Borrow Pit Action Plan (BAP) that should be • Contractor to select borrow Soils Borrow Pits submitted as part of the SSEMP to the Engineer prior to the start of sites and apply for construction. The plan will identify the locations of all proposed borrow pits. approval from DEPs and The locations of the borrow pits shall be approved by both the Engineer, any other regulatory MoT and the DEPs. agencies. • Engineer to review borrow locations, licenses and approvals from MoT and DEP. Selection of No new asphalt plant shall be located within five hundred meters of any • Contractor to select sites Asphalt Plant urban area or sensitive receptor. The locations of the asphalt plants shall and apply for approval Location be indicated within the Contractors SSEMP. Asphalt plant locations shall be from DEPs and any other approved by the Engineer, MoT and the DEP. regulatory agencies. • Engineer to review locations, licenses and approvals from MoT and DEP.
Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 136 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination Selection of The Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of a Construction • Engineer to review & Construction Camp Site Plan which will form part of the SSEMP. The Plan shall indicate approve Site Plan Camp Site the system proposed and the locations of related facilities in the site, including latrines, holding areas, etc. The Contractor shall ensure the following conditions are met within the Plan: • Wastewater arising on the site shall be collected, removed from the site via a suitable and properly designed temporary drainage system and disposed of at a location and in a manner that will cause neither pollution nor nuisance. • There shall be no direct discharge of sanitary or wash water to surface water. Disposal of materials such as, but not limited to, lubricating oil and onto the ground or water bodies shall be prohibited. • Liquid material storage containment areas shall not drain directly to surface water. • Lubricating and fuel oil spills shall be cleaned up immediately and spill clean up shall be materials be maintained at the storage area. • Construction and work sites will be equipped with sanitary latrines that do not pollute surface waters. • Discharge of sediment laden construction water directly into surface watercourses will be forbidden. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling lagoons or tanks prior to final discharge. • Spill clean up equipment will be maintained on site. The following conditions to avoid adverse impacts due to improper fuel and chemical storage: - Fueling operations shall occur only within containment areas. - All fuel and chemical storage (if any) shall be sited on an impervious base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area shall be located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund walls shall be impermeable and of sufficient capacity to contain 110 percent of the volume of tanks. - Filling and refueling shall be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures and will take place within areas surrounded by bunds to contain spills / leaks of potentially contaminating liquids. - All valves and trigger guns shall be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use. - The contents of any tank or drum shall be clearly marked. Measures shall be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any drain or watercourses. - Disposal of lubricating oil and other potentially hazardous liquids onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited. Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 137 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination - Should any accidental spills occur immediate clean up will be undertaken and all cleanup materials stored in a secure area for disposal to a site authorized to dispose of hazardous waste.
Site plans shall be devised to ensure that, insofar as possible, all temporary construction facilities are locate at least 50 meters away from a water course, stream, or canal. If determined warranted by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide a wash pit or a wheel washing and/or vehicle cleaning facility at the exits from the sites. If so requested, the Contractor shall ensure that all vehicle are properly cleaned (bodies and tires are free of sand and mud) prior to leaving the site areas. The Contractor shall provide necessary cleaning facilities on site and ensure that no water or debris from such cleaning operations is deposited off site. Soils Contamination The Contractor will be responsible for preparation of an Emergency • Contractor to prepare ERP of Soils Response Plan (ERP), which will cover containment of hazardous • Engineer to review and materials, oil spills, and work site accidents. The plan will detail the process approve ERP as part of for handling, and subsequently reporting, emergencies, and specify the the SSEMP organizational structure (including responsibilities of nominated personnel). The plan will be submitted to the Engineer for approval as part of the SSEMP. Air Quality Air Quality The Contractor shall be responsible for the preparation of an Air Quality • Contractor to prepare AQP Plan, submitted to the Engineer prior to commencement of the works. The • Engineer to review and plan will detail the action to be taken to minimize dust generation (e.g. approve ERP as part of spraying unsurfaced roads with water, covering stock piles, and blasting the SSEMP with use of small charges etc) and will identify the type, age and standard of equipment to be used. The Plan shall also include contingencies for the accidental release of toxic air pollutants. The Plan shall be completed during the design phase and shall form part of the SSEMP. Waste and Waste The Contractor shall be responsible for preparing a Waste Management • Contractor to prepare Spoil Management Plan to manage all excess spoil and waste material. The Plan, which forms WMP part of the SSEMP, shall include items relating to the safe handling and • Engineer to review and management of: approve WMP as part of • Domestic waste the SSEMP • Food waste • Inert garbage • Recycled Waste • Plastic • Metals • Wood • Construction Waste
Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 138 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination • Hazardous Waste • Liquid Waste
The Plan will also include provisions to manage all excess spoil material. The Plan should indicate where the spoil will occur and methods and locations for disposal. Health and Worker Health A Health and Safety Plan shall be prepared by the Contractor, as part of the • Contractor to prepare HSP safety and Safety SSEMP, to manage worker safety. The plan shall include an item relating to • Engineer to review and accidental release of toxic fumes. approve HSP as part of the SSEMP EMP Preparation of The Contractor shall prepare a SSEMP to meet the requirements of this • Contractor to prepare Requirement SSEMP EMP. SSEMP • Engineer to review and approve SSEMP The SSEMP shall contain specific Management Plans as Annexes relating • Contractor to prepare to the following: SSEMP • Borrow Pit Management Plan • Engineer to review and • Air Quality Management Plan approve SSEMP • Water Quality Management Plan • Noise Management Plan • Waste Management Plan • Emergency Response Plan • Dust Suppression Plan • Site Plan • Health and Safety Plan Each section shall describe the precise location of the required mitigation / • Contractor to prepare monitoring, the persons responsible for the mitigation / monitoring, the SSEMP schedule and reporting methodology. • Engineer to review and approve SSEMP The SSEMP must be submitted within 30 days of the contract award and • Contractor to prepare construction cannot commence until the SSEMPs are approved by the MoT SSEMP and the Engineer. • Engineer to review and approve SSEMP Incorporation of The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring compliance with this EMP. • MoT to ensure EMP is Items into Bid A specific environmental section shall be included within the main Bid included within Bid Documents Documents indicating that the Contractor shall be responsible for Documents conforming with the requirements of the EMP. As such this EMP shall be included as an annex to the Contract Bid Documents.
Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 139 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination F.11 Sayron – Karamik Environmental Management Plan Construction Phase
318. The following table ( Figure F-9) provides the environmental mitigation for the Sayron – Karamik Construction Phase
Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 140 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
Table F -9: Sayron – Karamik EMP Construction Phase Mitigation Subject Potential Mitigation Measure Respons ibilities Impact / Issue Air Quality Open The Contractor shall ensure no burning of debris or other materials will occur • Contractor to implement burning of on the Site without permission of the Engineer. mitigation. waste • Engineer to routinely materials monitor Contractors activities. Fuel Contractor shall ensure that no furnaces, boilers or other similar plant or • Contractor to implement Emissions equipment using any fuel that may produce air pollutants will be installed mitigation. without prior written consent of the Engineer. • Engineer to routinely monitor Contractors activities. Exhaust The Contractor shall ensure construction equipment shall be maintained to a • Contractor to implement emissions good standard and fitted with pollution control devices. The equipment mitigation. from the (including the pollution control devices) will be checked at regular intervals by • Engineer to routinely operation of the Engineer to ensure they are maintained in working order and the checks monitor Contractors construction will be recorded by the Contractor & Engineer as part of environmental activities. machinery monitoring. In addition, the Contractor shall: • Discouraging of the idling of engines; • Prohibit of the use of equipment and machinery that causes excessive pollution (i.e. visible smoke) at project work sites; Ensure material stockpiles being located in sheltered areas and be covered with tarpaulins or other such suitable covering to prevent material becoming airborne. Fugitive The Contractor shall ensure that conveyor belts at ancillary facilities (e.g. • Contractor to implement emissions quarries) shall be fitted with wind boards, and conveyor transfer points and mitigation from quarries hopper discharge areas shall be enclosed to minimize dust emission. All • Engineer to routinely and asphalt conveyors carrying materials that have the potential to create dust shall be monitor Contractors plants. totally enclosed and fitted with belt cleaners. activities.
Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 141 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination Dust The Contractor shall ensure that the following dust suppression measures shall • Contractor to implement generated be instituted: mitigation from haul • All trucks used for transporting materials to and from the site will be • Engineer to routinely roads, covered with canvas tarpaulins, or other acceptable type cover (which shall monitor Contractors unpaved be properly secured) to prevent debris and/or materials from falling from or activities. roads, being blown off the vehicle(s); exposed • Areas of reclamation shall be completed, including final compaction, as soils and quickly as possible consistent with good practice to limit the creation of material wind blown dust. stock piles. • Hard surfaces will be required in areas with regular movements of vehicles; and • Effective use of water sprays will be implemented (e.g., all roads within the construction areas of the Site shall be sprayed at least twice each day, and more if necessary to control dust to the satisfaction of the Engineer).
Topography Quarries If licensed quarries are not available the Contractor may be made responsible • DEP to approve for setting up their dedicated quarries. Prior to opening of any quarry or rock locations. crushing facility, the Contractor will require approval from the relevant DEP and • Contractor to obtain the Engineer to ensure that land owners are adequately compensated for land necessary permits. use and that the sites are not located in an area likely to cause significant • Engineer to review detriment to the local environment. To ensure that this is the case Contractors permits and approvals should ensure that quarries and crusher plants are: prior to the opening of • Located at least 300 meters from urban areas to prevent noise and dust the site. impacts; • Located outside of agricultural land; and • Where possible located on government owned lands. Soils Contaminatio The Contractor shall ensure that: • Contractor to implement n Due to • All fuel and chemical storage (if any) shall be sited on an impervious mitigation Spills or base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area shall be • Engineer to routinely Hazardous located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund walls monitor Contractors Materials shall be impermeable and of sufficient capacity to contain 110 percent of activities. the volume of tanks. • The construction camp maintenance yard shall be constructed on impervious hardstanding with adequate drainage to collect spills, there shall be no vehicle maintenance activities on open ground. • Filling and refueling shall be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures. Drip pans shall be placed under all filling and fueling areas. Waste oils shall be stored and disposed of by a licensed contractor. • All valves and trigger guns shall be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 142 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination not in use. • The contents of any tank or drum shall be clearly marked. Measures shall be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any soils. • No bitumen drums or containers, full or used, shall be stored on open ground. They shall only be stored on impervious hardstanding. Areas using bitumen shall be constructed on impervious hardstanding to prevent seepage of oils into the soils. Hydrology Construction The Contractor shall ensure the following conditions are met: • Contractor to implement Camps and • Wastewater arising on the site shall be collected, removed from the site via mitigation Storage a suitable and properly designed temporary drainage system and disposed • Engineer to routinely Areas of at a location and in a manner that will cause neither pollution nor monitor Contractors nuisance. activities. • There shall be no direct discharge of sanitary or wash water to surface water. Disposal of materials such as, but not limited to, lubricating oil and onto the ground or water bodies shall be prohibited. • Liquid material storage containment areas shall not drain directly to surface water. • Lubricating and fuel oil spills shall be cleaned up immediately and spill clean up shall be materials be maintained at the storage area. • Construction and work sites will be equipped with sanitary latrines that do not pollute surface waters. • Discharge of sediment laden construction water directly into surface watercourses will be forbidden. Sediment laden construction water will be discharged into settling lagoons or tanks prior to final discharge. • Spill clean up equipment will be maintained on site. The following conditions to avoid adverse impacts due to improper fuel and chemical storage: - Fueling operations shall occur only within containment areas. - All fuel and chemical storage (if any) shall be sited on an impervious base within a bund and secured by fencing. The storage area shall be located away from any watercourse or wetlands. The base and bund walls shall be impermeable and of sufficient capacity to contain 110 percent of the volume of tanks. - Filling and refueling shall be strictly controlled and subject to formal procedures and will take place within areas surrounded by bunds to contain spills / leaks of potentially contaminating liquids. - All valves and trigger guns shall be resistant to unauthorized interference and vandalism and be turned off and securely locked when not in use. - The contents of any tank or drum shall be clearly marked.
Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 143 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination Measures shall be taken to ensure that no contaminated discharges enter any drain or watercourses. - Disposal of lubricating oil and other potentially hazardous liquids onto the ground or water bodies will be prohibited. - Should any accidental spills occur immediate clean up will be undertaken and all cleanup materials stored in a secure area for disposal to a site authorized to dispose of hazardous waste. If determined warranted by the Engineer, the Contractor shall provide a wash pit or a wheel washing and/or vehicle cleaning facility at the exits from the sites. If so requested, the Contractor shall ensure that all vehicle are properly cleaned (bodies and tires are free of sand and mud) prior to leaving the site areas. The Contractor shall provide necessary cleaning facilities on site and ensure that no water or debris from such cleaning operations is deposited off site. Borrow Pits. The Contractor shall ensure that: • Contractor to implement • Pit restoration will follow the completion of works in full compliance mitigation all applicable standards and specifications. • Engineer to routinely • Arrangements for opening and using material borrow pits will monitor Contractors contain enforceable provisions. activities. • The excavation and restoration of the borrow areas and their surroundings, in an environmentally sound manner to the satisfaction of the Engineer will be required before final acceptance and payment under the terms of contracts. • Additional borrow pits will not be opened without the restoration of those areas no longer in use.
Land Use Construction The Contractor will be required to coordinate all construction camp activities • Contractor to implement Camps and with neighboring land uses. The Contractor shall also be responsible to mitigation other maintain and cleanup campsites and respect the rights of local landowners. If • Engineer to routinely ancillary located outside the RoW, written agreements with local landowners for monitor Contractors facilities temporary use of the property will be required and sites must be restored to a activities. level acceptable to the owner within a predetermined time period. Transport and Road The Contractor shall ensure that: • Contractor to implement Infrastructure closures, • He shall be responsible for provision of all road diversion signs and ensure mitigation diversions that diversion roads do not impact negatively upon private lands. • Engineer to routinely and blocking • Any diversions shall be agreed upon by the Engineer. monitor Contractors of access • Notices of delays, due to blasting, shall be posted in villages within ten activities. routes kilometers of the blasting area so villagers can plan their travel times accordingly. • The Contractor shall be responsible for ensuring that all access routes Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 144 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination are kept open during Project works for at least 50% of the day during construction works and 100% of the time after construction works are completed for the day. Waste Inert Solid & The contractor shall be responsible for the following: • Contractor to implement Materials Liquid waste • Provide refuse containers at each worksite; mitigation. • Maintain all construction sites in a cleaner, tidy and safe condition and • DEP to approve any provide and maintain appropriate facilities as temporary storage of all waste disposal site. wastes before transportation and final disposal; • Engineer to routinely • Train and instruct all personnel in waste management practices and monitor Contractors procedures as a component of the environmental induction process, and activities. • Collect and transport non hazardous wastes to all approved disposal sites. The sites for waste disposal shall be agreed with the local municipal authorities and DEP. A specialized company may be contracted, if available to ensure collection of domestic and general waste from camps and temporary storage areas and transportation to landfills approved and licensed by the DEP. Asphalt It is recommended that discussions are undertaken with the DEUs to • DEU to assess feasibility. determine if it is feasible to re process old asphalt for use on other local roads throughout the region. If it is determined to be cost effective, the Project should consider procuring equipment for this purpose. Hazardous Management, handling & storage protocols for hazardous waste will be • Contractor to implement Waste outlined in the Contractors Waste Management Plan. Disposal locations of mitigation. hazardous wastes should be agreed with the DEP. The Contractor shall collect • DEP to approve any hydrocarbon wastes, including lube oils, for safe transport off site for reuse, waste disposal site. recycling, treatment or disposal at the temporary storage sites and further at • Engineer to routinely the locations approved by DEP or pass it to the licensed operator having monitor Contractors environmental permit on operation of the hazardous wastes. activities. Health and Worker The Contractor shall be responsible for provision of: • Contractor to implement Safety Health & • Safety Training Program. A Safety Training Program is required and shall mitigation safety consist of an Initial Safety Induction Course. All workmen shall be required • Engineer to routinely to attend a safety induction course within their first week on Site and monitor Contractors Periodic Safety Training Courses. activities. • Safety Meetings. Regular safety meetings will be conducted on a monthly basis and shall require attendance by the safety representatives of Subcontractors unless otherwise agreed by the Engineer. • Safety Inspections. The Contractor shall regularly inspect, test and maintain all safety equipment, scaffolds, guardrails, working platforms, hoists, ladders and other means of access, lifting, lighting, signing and guarding equipment. Lights and signs shall be kept clear of obstructions and legible to read. Equipment, which is damaged, dirty, incorrectly
Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 145 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination positioned or not in working order, shall be repaired or replaced immediately. • Safety Equipment and Clothing. Safety equipment and protective clothing are required to be available on the Site at all material times and measures for the effective enforcement of proper utilization and necessary replacement of such equipment and clothing, and all construction plant and equipment used on or around the Site shall be fitted with appropriate safety devices. • First Aid facilities. A fully equipped first aid base shall be climatically controlled to maintain the temperature of the inside of the building at 20 degrees C. Arrangements for emergency medical services shall be made to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall coordinate with local public health officials and shall reach a documented understanding with regard to the use of hospitals and other community facilities. Sub All sub contractors will be supplied with copies of the SSEMP. Provisions will • Contractor to implement contractor be incorporated into all sub contracts to ensure the compliance with the mitigation H&S SSEMP at all tiers of the sub contracting. All sub contractors will be required to • Engineer to routinely appoint a safety representative who shall be available on the Site throughout monitor Contractors and the operational period of the respective sub contract unless the Engineers sub contractors activities. approval to the contrary is given in writing. In the event of the Engineers approval being given, the Engineer, without prejudice to their other duties and responsibilities, shall ensure, as far as is practically possible, that employees of subcontractors of all tiers are conversant with appropriate parts of the SSEMP.
HIV / AIDS The Contractor shall subcontract with an Approved Service Provider to provide • Contractor to implement an HIV Awareness Program to the Contractor’s Personnel and the Local mitigation. Community as soon as practicable after the Contractor’s Personnel arrive at • Service Provider to the Site but in any case within two weeks after the Contractor’s Personnel implement training. arrive at Site and to repeat the HIV Awareness Program at intervals not • Engineer to review exceeding four months program. Noise Construction The Contractor shall ensure provision of the following: • Contractor to implement Noise and • Source Controls, i.e., requirements that all exhaust systems will be mitigation Vibration maintained in good working order; properly designed engine enclosures • Engineer to routinely and intake silencers will be employed; and regular equipment maintenance monitor Contractors will be undertaken; activities. • Site Controls, i.e., requirements that stationary equipment will be placed as far from sensitive land uses as practical; selected to minimize objectionable noise impacts; and provided with shielding mechanisms Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 146 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination where possible; • Work near Sensitive Receptors shall be limited to short term activities; • Time and Activity Constraints, i.e., operations will be scheduled to coincide with periods when people would least likely be affected; work hours and work days will be limited to less noise sensitive times. Hours of work will be approved by the Engineer having due regard for possible noise disturbance to the local residents or other activities. Construction activities will be strictly prohibited between 10 PM and 6 AM in the residential areas. When operating close to sensitive areas such as residential, nursery, or medical facilities, the Contractor’s hours of working shall be limited to 8 AM to 6 PM; • Community Awareness, i.e., public notification of construction operations will incorporate noise considerations; methods to handle complaints will be specified. Sensitive receptors will be avoided as possible (i.e., aggregate crushers, operators, etc.). Disposal sites and haul routes will be coordinated with local officials;
F.12 Sayron – Karamik Environmental Management Plan Operational and Maintenance Phase
319. The following table ( Table F-10 ) provides the environmental mitigation for the Sayron – Karamik Operational and Maintenance Phase
Table F -10 : Sayron – Karamik EMP Operational and Maintenance Phase Mitigation Subject Potential Mitigation Measure Responsibilities Impact / Issue Air Quality Air quality Potential impacts due to the use of the highway are the purview of the CEP. • CEP to monitor air impacts from emissions during the Vehicle operational phase of the movements Project
F.13 Sayron – Karamik Environmental Monitoring Plan Pre-Construction Phase
320. The following table ( Table F-11 ) provides the environmental monitoring for the Sayron – Karamik Pre construction Phase
Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 147 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
Table F-11 EMP: Sayron – Karamik Pre -construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring Issue Mitigation Locations Schedule Responsibilities Reporting Air quality The Contractor shall undertake The recommended Air quality The Contractor shall The Agency baseline instrumental monitoring baseline monitoring baseline engage a third part shall provide his during the Pre construction phase. locations include: monitoring shall monitoring agency to results to the Parameters to be monitored to • Sayron KM0 be carried out as undertake the Contractor and establish a baseline include: • Pildoni Bolo – soon after the baseline monitoring. Engineer prior to • Total Suspended Particulates KM12 date of The Agency shall be the start of (TSP) • Zankon – KM24 acceptance of the approved by the Project works. • Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2) • Gulzar – KM48 Bid as practicable DEP. • Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2) • Jaulgan – KM62 to determine • Carbon Monoxide (CO) • Duvona – KM68 ambient levels of • Achikalma – KM76 the air pollutants at the specified In addition, the monitoring Engineer may also locations which recommend additional will be identified in monitoring locations the SSEMP. during the baseline monitoring. However, as an indicator the number of sampling locations should not exceed ten.
F.14 Sayron – Karamik Environmental Monitoring Plan Construction Phase
321. The following table ( Exhibit F-12 ) provides the environmental monitoring for the Construction Phase
Ta ble F-12 : EMP: Sayron – Karamik Construction Phase Instrumental Monitoring Issue Mitigation Locations Schedule Responsibilities Reporting Air Quality The Contractor shall establish routine At the locations of the Monitoring to be The Contractor shall The Air Quality Monitoring throughout the baselines monitoring undertaken once hire an independent Independent construction period. The following and at any additional every three monitoring consultant Specialist shall parameters shall be monitored: (TSP), locations to be to perform the provide his Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 148 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), Nitrogen Dioxide determined by the months monitoring activities. results to the (NO2) and Carbon Monoxide (CO). Engineer (not to Contractor and Other parameters maybe warranted as exceed ten per Engineer within and when requested by the Engineer. monitoring period). a three days of the sampling activity. Noise The Contractor shall ensure that routine Locations will be Bi Monthly The Contractor shall The noise monitoring is undertaken determined in throughout hire an independent Independent throughout the construction period. consultation with the construction. noise monitoring Specialist shall Parameters to be monitored to establish Engineer and the local consultant. provide his a baseline include: DEP but shall include results to the Laeq 1h (dBA) at least the following Contractor and locations: Engineer within • Sayron KM0 a three days of • Pildoni Bolo – the sampling KM12 activity. • Zankon – KM24 • Gulzar – KM48 • Jaulgan – KM62 • Duvona – KM68 • Achikalma – KM76
Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 149 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
F.15 EMP Costs
322. The EMP costs for the Sayron – Karamik road are summarized below ( Tables F- 13 & F-14 ). They include estimates for training in regard to the requirements of SSEMP, baseline monitoring of the major environmental parameters and routine periodic monitoring and reporting during the Construction Stage.
Table F -13 : Sayron – Karamik EMP Mitigation Costs Activity / Item Frequency Unit Cost Cost /USD Pre -construction 1. Selection of Quarry Sites Once during design Included in Project 0 Budget 2. Selection of Borrow Pits Once during design Included in Project 0 Budget 3. Selection of Asphalt Plant Once during design Included in Project 0 Location Budget 4. Selection of Construction Camp Once during design Included in Project 0 Site Budget 5. ERP Once, forms part of SSEMP Budget 0 SSEMP 6. Air Quality Plan Once, forms part of SSEMP Budget 0 SSEMP 7. Waste Management Plan Once, forms part of SSEMP Budget 0 SSEMP 8. Worker Health and Safety Plan Once, forms part of SSEMP Budget 0 SSEMP 9. Noise Monitoring Plan Once, forms part of SSEMP Budget 0 SSEMP 10. Preparation of SSEMP Once 50,000 50,000 Construction 11. Engineers National 12 Months 3,000 per month 36,000 Environmental Specialist 12. Engineers International 1 Months 25,000 per month 25,000 Environmental Specialist 13. Safety Training Every month, by Included in Project Contractors H&S Construction costs Staff 14. Safety Equipment for Workers Once Included in Project 0 Construction costs 15. First aid facilities Once Included in Project 0 Construction costs 16. Refuse containers Once. Assume fifty 90 4,500 (360 liter). 17. Waste disposal Throughout Included in Project 0 construction Construction costs 18. Clean up of construction sites Once Included in Project 0 Construction costs 19. Environmental Permits Once Included in Project 0 Construction costs 20. Spill kits At each hazardous Included in Project 0 Sayron – Karamik Road EMP 150 June 2013
CAREC Corridors 3 & 5 Enhancement Project Initial Environmental Examination
liquid storage area Construction costs (assume 10) 21. Impervious hardstanding (for At each Construction Included in Project 0 maintenance yards, bitumen camp Construction costs storage, etc) 22. Water spraying Daily During dry Water extracted 20,000 periods. from river. Contractor to purchase water bowser – 20,000 23. Tarpaulins Once Included in Project 0 Construction costs 24. HIV/AIDS Training Program Once every 6 1,000 2,000 months (2 times) Total 137 ,500
Table F -14 : Sayron – Karamik EMP Instrumental Monitoring Costs 1. Air Quality Once at each specific 100 600 location prior to construction (6 Sites) Routine Instrumental Monitoring 2. Air Quality Every three months at 100 4,000 Monitoring specific sites through construction (maximum ten sites) 3. Noise Monitoring Bi monthly at specific sites 100 6,000 through construction (maximum ten sites) Total 10,600
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G. Public Consultation, Information Disclosure & Grievance Mechanism
G.1 Public Consultations
323. According to the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009):
“The borrower/client will carry out meaningful consultation with affected people and other concerned stakeholders, including civil society, and facilitate their informed participation. Meaningful consultation is a process that: 1. Begins early in the project preparation stage and is carried out on an ongoing basis throughout the project cycle; 2. Provides timely disclosure of relevant and adequate information that is understandable and readily accessible to affected people; 3. Is undertaken in an atmosphere free of intimidation or coercion; 4. Is gender inclusive and responsive, and tailored to the needs of disadvantaged and vulnerable groups; and 5. Enables the incorporation of all relevant views of affected people and other stakeholders into decision making, such as project design, mitigation measures, the sharing of development benefits and opportunities, and implementation issues. Consultation will be carried out in a manner commensurate with the impacts on affected communities. The consultation process and its results are to be documented and reflected in the environmental assessment report.”
324. As such, two levels of consultations have been undertaken for the Vose – Hovaling Road, they included; focus groups in Kaduchi (KM77) and Lohuti (KM15) comprising villagers, government officials and other relevant stakeholders and meetings with local officials, including DEPs, DEUs, etc. Extensive consultation for the rehabilitation of the Sayron – Karamik Road was undertaken during 2007, and in addition consultations were held with local officials in Jurgatol in May 2013. As such additional focus group consultations were not deemed warranted for this component of the Project. The following section provides a summary of the consultations. G.1.1 Focus Groups
325. Focus groups were held during May in the towns of Kaduchi and Lahuti. The following provides an overview of the meeting (names of all attendees can be found in Appendix F & G ):
Table G -1: Kaduchi Focus Group
Tuesday, 21 st May. # Question / Comment Answer 1 How wide will the road be? The road will be built according to the design standard which is 6 meters carriageway and 2 meters of shoulder.
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2 Will signposts with information about It will be recommended to the Contractor. the project be erected? 3 School Number 19 in Kaduchi The final design elements will depend on requires a pedestrian crossing with the Contractor, but this can be made a traffic lights. recommendation of the IEE. 4 Will we be compensated for loss of Yes, as per the LARP. land? 5 Will there be any changes in Not in Kaduchi, but a decision has yet to alignment? be made on the final alignment of the road at Pushyoni. 6 Who will build the road? We do not know at the moment. 7 Some tractors run on metal tracks, Noted. they damage the road.
Table G -2: Lahuti Focus Group
Tuesday, 21 st May # Question / Comment Ans wer 1 The road should be improved to an The road will be improved to Tajik international standard. Design standards. 2 We are not very concerned about Noted. environmental issues, we would just like the road to be built. 3 Will access roads be upgraded? Access to homes, land and businesses will remain open, but it is not certain that access roads will be upgraded. 4 Will compensation be paid? Yes, as per the conditions of the LARP. 5 What types of jobs will be created? Skilled and unskilled positions, such as labourers, stone masonry workers, equipment operators and opportunities for women. 6 What percentage of the contractors That will be determined by the staff will be local hire? Contractor. 7 The project will have multiple benefits Noted. including new jobs, reduced journey time to Kulab, reduced maintenance costs, reduction of transport costs, reduction in spoilt crops and reduced journey fares to Kulab. 8 Traffic signs are needed at crossings Noted outside schools. 9 Street lights are very important. Street lights will be provided as part of the Lighting the Road activity. 10 There will be no negative impacts Noted. from the Project.
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Figure G -1: Lohuti Focus Group Figure G -2: Kaduchi Focus Group
G.1.2 Local Officials
Table G -3: Vose – Hovaling Local Officials Consultations Date Person Met Topics Discussed (Name, position) 6th May Chairman of 1. Drainage issues not to be considered carefully to 2013 the Local ensure erosion does not occur. Authority 2. Construction of bridge works should be managed well to prevent impacts. 3. There is a mosque at KM68 that should be protected during construction works. 4. Mudslides are a problem on this portion of the road. 5. There are no protected areas close to the Project road. 6. Around Vose most of the land use is agricultural, closer to Hovaling the land is used for pasture. 7. Positive impacts will be less noise and dust and better access for cars, not just 4x4 vehicles. 8. Water extraction from the rivers will not have negative environmental impacts as long as the Contractors have the correct permits. 9. There are no special status flora or fauna in the Project area. 10. There are existing licensed quarries that maybe used, however, there are no approved borrow pits. 6th May Vose DEP 1. There are no specific environmental issues, but would 2013 like to see a copy of the LARP before works commence. 6th May Vose 1. There are two Mosques close to the road, but it is 2013 Department unlikely that they will be impacted. of Culture 2. There are no other historical or cultural resources. 6th May Hovaling 1. There are no mosques or historical or cultural sites 2013 Department close to the Project road. of Culture
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6th May Hovaling 1. All quarries need to be licensed and all borrow pit 2013 DEP locations should be approved by the DEP before use. 2. Extraction of aggregates from the river floodplains should be approved by the DEP. 3. There are no Protected Areas within the vicinity of the Project Road. 4. Where possible roadside trees should be kept. Asymmetrical widening is recommended along with a program of tree replanting on a one to one basis where trees have to be cut.
Table G -4: Sayron - Karamik Local Officials Consultations Date Person Met Topics Discussed (Name, position) 7th May Jirgatol DEP 1. There are no Protected Areas within the vicinity of the 2013 Project Road. 2. Permits must be granted for quarries and borrow pits before they become operational. 3. Construction of the road will improve air quality and have beneficial social impacts. 7th May Jirgatol 1. There are no mosques or historical or cultural sites 2013 Department close to the Project road. of Culture 2. There were previously graveyards close to the road, but they were moved as part of the recent rehabilitation project. 3. There were no chance finds during the recent rehabilitation project as such none are likely to occur during this Project. G.2 Planned Information Disclosure 326. It is anticipated that in compliance with ADB's requirements for IEEs (Category B environmental analyses), the document will be provided for disclosure on the ADB website prior to Board consideration of the Project.
327. The Contractor will be contractually obligated to notify and inform the public of construction operations prior to construction works, publish an emergency response plan disclosing his intentions to deal with accidents and emergencies, including environmental/public health emergencies associated with hazardous material spills and similar events, etc.
G.3 Grievance Mechanism G.3.1 Requirements
328. According to the ADB Safeguard Policy Statement (2009) “ The borrower/client will establish a mechanism to receive and facilitate resolution of affected peoples’ concerns, complaints, and grievances about the project’s environmental performance. The grievance mechanism should be scaled to the risks and adverse impacts of the project. It should address affected people's concerns and complaints promptly, using an
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329. The following Grievance Mechanism has been developed as part of the LARP. G.3.2 Mechanism G.3.2.1 Grievance mechanism during the resettlement phase
330. Complaints and grievances received during the resettlement phase will addressed through the following steps and actions:
1. Complaints will be lodged at the Jamoat level, where all the relevant representatives (land and environmental specialists, Deputy jamoat chairperson, responsible for gender policy, Jamoat Resource Center representatives), representatives of the affected households and MOT representative, will attempt to resolve the issue. A standard grievance registration form was prepared and given for comments and perusal to Hukumats and Jamoats officials. Each complaint will be registered, signed by the affected person and a representative of the Grievance Redress Committee, and the receipt of the complaint given to the affected person. The period fixed for resolution of complaints is 14 calendar days the latest.
2. If the complaint is not addressed at Jamoat level, Affected Person will apply to the district level LAR Committee/Working Group for solution. The LARC should invite MOT/PIU representative once they registered the complaint. Similar to Jamoat level complaint will be applied to register and file all the complaints from the APs. The period for resolution of a complaint is 16 calendar days.
3. If no solution is reached within 16 days, the affected person can submit her/his case to the appropriate court of law, with all costs paid for by the project.
331. A grievance redress mechanism is presented by Figure G-3.
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Figure G-3: Schematic Presentation of the Grievances Redress Mechanism
Affected Persons
Minor Grievances GRC at the district Grievance level Addressed Major Grievances
PIU Field Level Staff/Resettlement Specialist Grievance Addressed
Not Addressed
Working Group
Grievance Addressed
Not Addressed
Court of Law
G.3.2.2 Formation of Grievances Redress Committee (GRC)
332. One Grievance Redress Committee (GRC) will be established at the rayon level in each district to resolve complaints and grievances informally through community participation. The GRC will consist of representatives of the MOT, the local hukumat, APs, women APs (if any), and appropriate local NGOs to allow voices of the affected communities to be heard and to ensure a participatory decision making process. If the complainants are not satisfied with the GRC decisions, they can always file their cases in court.
333. GRCs will be established at the rayon level, by an office order of the Ministry of Transport (MOT) and the decree of the district Chairperson. The following seven members will constitute each Grievances Redress Committee:
Table G -5: Rayon Grievances Re dress Committee Head of Committee, Deputy Chairman of the District 1 Convener Government Authority 2 Chief District Architect Member
Head of Municipality (inter district) bureau of technical 3 Member inventory Head of the Women and Family Welfare Department of 4 Member district
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5 Representative from the PIU Member Secretary Representative from the district Office of the 6 Cadastre and Land Registration, Land Management Member and Geodesy Agency 7 Representative of APs Member 8 Representative from the Jamoats within the District Member Representative of the Independent Labor Union within 9 Member district 10 Representative local NGOs Member
G.3.2.3 Grievance mechanism during the construction period
334. All persons living along the Project road, regardless of whether affected by land acquisition and resettlement, may experience some adverse impact during the construction period such as damages or losses to property, caused by direct physical impact of the contractor’s equipment, vibration, contractor’s or employer’s design, or by other activities related to the construction of the road. Under the terms of the civil works contract, the Contractor has the obligation to provide a third party insurance in the joint name of MOT, as the Employer, and the Contractor. According to the terms of the civil works contract, in case of damages, an affected person (the Claimant) may follow the claim procedure:
• Address his/her claim(s) for damages to the Contractor, or to the Employer, or to both of them. • The Claimant may chose to write first a Notice of Claim, immediately after the event, which caused the damage, and then to write a full claim, providing particulars of the damages and details of the compensation claimed. Alternatively, the Claimant may submit only a claim. In either case, it is advisable to submit the complete claim not later than 7 days after the damaging event. While the Notice of Claim is an option, the submission of a detailed claim is a must. • Once the Employer or the Contractor receives the claim, they have an obligation to notify the Insurer, which should then send its representatives to verify the Claimant’s allegations, investigate the causes and assess the damages. • After that, the Insurer decides whether the claim is justified, and if so, whether to pay a part or the entire claim. • The Insurer will reject the entire claim if it is not justified. Furthermore, the Insurer may refuse to pay damages, or to pay only a part of a justified claim. This could happen for many different reasons: if the insured parties did not notify the Insurer of the claim/notice of claim within the period specified in the insurance policy; or the Contractor or the Employer were grossly negligent, or the particular damage or a particular action is excluded from the insurance, etc. In such a case, the Contractor or the Employer may still accept liability for a part or the entire amount of the claimed damages and pay the difference to the Claimant. • However, if after the Insurer does not pay a part or the entire claim, and one or both parties also refuse to pay a part or the entire claim, and the Claimant believes that his or her claim is justified, the Claimant may take legal action against either or both parties. It is essential to note that the Claimant does not have any claim against the Insurer, but only against one or both parties.
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335. If the Insurer refuses to pay the entire or a part of the amount claimed, the Claimant may still be entitled to the full amount of the claimed damages from the Contractor or the Employer. If the Contractor or the Employer refuses to pay a part or the entire amount of damages to which the Claimant believes to be entitled, the Claimant may sue the Contractor, or the Employer, or both. The following Table outlines a summary of the grievance resolution process.
Table G -6: Summary of Grievance Procedure Stages in Response Required Activities Handling Verbally responds to questions and/or complaints.
Jamoat Head or Hukumat If no response within 1 week, or response is representative and MOT unsatisfactory, AP prepares a grievance in writing representative (utilise standard forms where possible).
Registers the written complaint and attempts to solve it. If complaint is not resolved in 30 days, it is passed by District GRC the GRC to the working group for resolution.
The District court hears the case and makes a final District Court of Law decision, which is binding on all parties.
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H. Conclusions and Recommendations
H.1 Conclusions
336. The IEE established that there were no significant environmental issues that could not be either totally prevented or adequately mitigated to levels acceptable Tajikistan and international standards for all three Project activities. As such, based on the existing ADB Safeguards Policy (2009), this Project falls under ADB’s Category B . The total estimate costs of the environmental mitigation and management has been calculated at $716,350, or approximately 1.5% of the $52,000,000 overall Project budget.
H.2 Recommendations
337. The EMP, its mitigation and monitoring programs, contained herewith shall be included within the Bidding documents for project works for both the Vose – Hovaling and Sayron Karamik Roads. The Bid documents state that the Contractor shall be responsible for the implementation of the requirements of the EMP through his own Site Specific Environmental Management Plan which will adopt all of the conditions of the EMP and add site specific elements that are not currently known, such as the Contractors borrow pit locations. This ensures that all potential bidders are aware of the environmental requirements of the Project and its associated environmental costs.
338. The EMP and all its requirements shall then be added to the Contractors Contract, thereby making implementation of the EMP a legal requirement according to the Contract. He shall then prepare his SSEMP which will be approved and monitored by the Engineer. Should the Engineer note any non conformance with the SSEMP the Contractor can be held liable for breach of the contractual obligations of the EMP. To ensure compliance with the SSEMP the Contractor should employ a national environmental specialist to monitor and report Project activities throughout the Project Construction phase.
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APPENDIX A: VOSE – HOVALING ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The following section provides a summary of the existing conditions, both illustrative and descriptive, along the route to enable the reader to understand the general environmental setting of the project.
The start of the Project Road in Hovaling (1471m above msl). Short term construction related impacts such as air quality and noise impacts are likely here. Pavements will be upgraded along with side drainage.
KM10 (1298m above msl) – This section of the road is currently being affected by erosion from the River Mazar. River protection works will be constructed at this point.
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Between KM 20 and KM50 the road rises into rolling hills at an elevation of 1642m above msl. The road follows the ridgeline of the hills for most of this section. The road surface deteriorates significantly in some sections. Population is very low. Many fruit trees line the road, some of which may be cut during the construction works.
KM45. The road winds down from the ridgeline into the Yahsu valley. Wheat can be observed growing in this area.
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K37 – Pushyoni Bolo (889m above msl). Some small market stalls are located at this point where the two alternative road sections diverge.
KM68 (562m above msl). The road switches between the side of the valley slopes (pictured here) and the agricultural floodplain. In this section an area affected by a mudflow can be observed. Many sections of the road adjacent to the valley slopes suffer from mudflow impacts.
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KM78 (520m above msl). The road turns due south from Kaduchi through agricultural lands. The road is lined for long sections by Mulberry trees and other fruit trees. This area comprises the most heavily populated sections with several schools located within 50 meters of the road way.
KM86.8 (474m above msl). The end of the road at the T Junction in Vose.
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APPENDIX B: SAYRON - KARAMIK ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING
The following section provides a summary of the existing conditions, both illustrative and descriptive, along the route to enable the reader to understand the general environmental setting of the project.
KM0. The road commences in an area occupied by agricultural activities and pastureland.
KM2. This photo illustrates the current condition on the recently rehabilitated pavement. Patching works have been undertaken, but more extensive overlay works are required to prevent further deterioration of the road surface.
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KM19. The road winds its way along the edge of the valley slope and the Surhob river which is formed a few kilometers up stream by the merging of the Koksu and Kizilsu rivers close to Jirgatol
KM38. The sparsely inhabited road stretches for long sections through barren pastureland (elevation approximately 1650m above msl)
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KM44. An existing asphalt plant is located at KM44. This plant is located in a remote area well many kilometers away from residential properties. The functioning plant was used to provide asphalt to the recently completed project and may be used again as part of this project.
KM44. A rock crushing facility adjacent to the road and the asphalt plant.
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Gulzar KM48. The road passes through several small villages on route to Karamik. Gulzar is one of those villages. No resettlement or compensation will be required in these villages due to the fact that no additional widening of the road will occur. Impacts in these locations will be limited to short term construction issues such as elevated noise levels and minor air quality impacts.
KM71. The guard rails pictured here have been damaged by rockfalls from the sideslope. These metal rails will be replaced by masonary guard walls.
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KM88. The border crossing to Kyrgyzstan, the end of the Sayron – Karamik road.
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APPENDIX C: VOSE – HOVALING INDICATIVE SCHEDULE OF CROSS DRAINAGE STRUCTURES
Angle Diameter (m), Chainage No. of with Opening/ Length No. Description or cross Length (m) (km) barrels road Diameter (m) (m) section (m2) CL 1 0+241 Three sided covered RCC 1 90 0,50x1,00 14.00 0.04 15.7 2 0+269 Three sided covered RCC 1 90 0,50x1,00 14.00 0.07 9.9
3 0+304 Pipe culvert 1 90 1.00 19.1
4 1+535 Pipe culvert 1 95 1.00 24.0
5 2+088 Three sided covered RCC 2 84 1,00x1,00 12.00 1,00x1,00 12.00
6 2+291 Three sided covered RCC 1 78 1,00x1,00 20.0
7 2+405 Three sided covered RCC 1 82 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.30 12.2
8 2+491 Three sided covered RCC 2 82 1,00x1,00 11.2
9 3+184 Three sided covered RCC 1 91 1,00x1,00 11.4
11 3+649 Three sided covered RCC 1 81 1,00x1,00 11.00 1,00x1,00 11.4 12 4+159 Three sided covered RCC 1 62 0,50x1,00 12.00 0.40 15.3 13 5+689 Three sided covered RCC 1 129 1,00x1,00 15.00 0.40 16.1 14 5+882 Three sided covered RCC 1 114 0,50x1,00 12.00 0.20 13.1 15 6+421 Three sided covered RCC 1 92 1,00x1,00 13.00 1,00x1,00 12.5 16 6+580 Three sided covered RCC 1 124 1,00x1,00 14.00 0,50x1,00 11.8
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17 6+720 Three sided covered RCC 1 90 1,00x1,00 11.7
18 7+322 Three sided covered RCC 1 98 1,00x1,00 11.8
19 7+755 Three sided covered RCC 1 103 1,00x1,00 11.00 0,50x1,00 11.5 20 8+534 RCC bоx culvert 1 76 2,50x3,00 45.00 2,00x2,50 45.6 21 9+269 Three sided covered RCC 1 48 0,50x1,00 15.00 0.50 12.9
22 11+010 Pipe culvert 1 87 1.50 29.3
23 11+836 Pipe culvert 1 95 1.50 53.00 1,50(1,00) 48.3 24 12+566 Three sided covered RCC 1 92 1,00x1,00 11.00 1,00x1,00 10.2
25 13+318 Pipe culvert 1 115 1.00 15.3
26 14+011 Pipe culvert 1 86 1.00 13.5
27 15+257 Pipe culvert 1 74 1.00 14.9
28 15+669 Three sided covered RCC 1 86 0,50x1,00 12.00 0.20 11.6 29 16+530 Three sided covered RCC 2 90 1,00x1,00 11,00х2
30 17+089 Three sided covered RCC 2 81 1,00x1,00 11.00 1,00x1,00 12.7
31 17+442 Three sided covered RCC 1 84 1,00x1,00 13.00 0,8x1,00 9.3 32 18+266 Three sided covered RCC 1 73 1,00x1,00 12.00 0,8x1,00 12.3 33 18+791 Pipe culvert 1 78 1.00 14.00 0,8x1,00 18.1 34 19+701 Pipe culvert 1 93 1.00 22.00 1,00x1,00 19.4 35 20+043 Pipe culvert 1 85 1.00 15.00 1,00x1,00 11.7
36 20+606 Pipe culvert 1 110 1.50 35.9
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37 21+256 Three sided covered RCC 1 93 1,00x1,00 14.00 0.70 12 38 25+009 Pipe culvert 1 90 1.00 16.00 1,00x1,00 11.6
39 32+275 Pipe culvert 1 111 1.50 51.2
40 32+866 Pipe culvert 1 81.0 1.00 19.00 1.00 7.8 41 33+313 Three sided covered RCC 1 90 1,00x1,00 11.00
42 37+272 Pipe culvert 1 89 1.50 33.1
43 42+918 Pipe culvert 1 56 1.00 22.00 1.00 16.6 44 44+120 Pipe culvert 1 97 1.00 22.00 1.00 19.5
45 44+665 Pipe culvert 1 63 1.00 25.6
46 46+089 Pipe culvert 1 112 1.50 22.00 1.00 20.9 47 46+499 Pipe culvert 1 103 1.00 22.00 1.00 12.9 48 46+680 RCC bоx culvert 1 53 2,50x3,00 15.00 1.00 11.6 49 48+529 Three sided covered RCC 1 119 0,50x1,00 16.00 0.40 12.4 50 48+633 Three sided covered RCC 1 38 0,50x1,00 19.00 0.50 14.9 51 48+830 Three sided covered RCC 1 147 0,50x1,00 20.00 0.50 17.5 52 49+026 Three sided covered RCC 1 156 0,50x1,00 30.00 0.50 18.8 53 49+869 Three sided covered RCC 1 58 0,50x1,00 13.00 0.50 9.6 54 51+021 Three sided covered RCC 1 51 0,50x1,00 14.00 0.50 7.4 55 51+392 Three sided covered RCC 1 116 0,50x1,00 15.00 0,4x1,00 9.0 56 51+428 Three sided covered RCC 1 46 0,50x1,00 18.00 0.50 9.0 57 51+532 Three sided covered RCC 1 43 0,50x1,00 19.00 0.20 9.0 58 51+665 Three sided covered RCC 1 113 0,50x1,00 14.00 0.40 7.7 59 51+813 Three sided covered RCC 1 69 0,50x1,00 14.00 0.20 6.8 60 52+034 Three sided covered RCC 1 97 1,00x1,00 11.00 0.80 11.1
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61 52+034 Three sided covered RCC 1 44 0,50x1,00 15.00 0.20 11.9 62 53+867 Three sided covered RCC 1 87 0,50x1,00 12.00 0,4x1,00 8.8 63 54+310 Three sided covered RCC 1 83 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.40 10.3
64 55+056 Pipe culvert 1 90 1.00 14
65 55+122 Three sided covered RCC 1 66 0,50x1,00 12.00 0.40 14.2 66 56+076 Three sided covered RCC 1 59 0,50x1,00 18.00 0.40 11.6 67 56+670 Three sided covered RCC 1 42 0,50x1,00 19.00 0.30 11.6 68 56+858 Three sided covered RCC 1 61 0,50x1,00 16.00 0.30 12.0 69 57+077 Three sided covered RCC 1 42 0,50x1,00 19.00 0.30 11.7 70 57+298 Three sided covered RCC 1 72 0,50x1,00 15.00 0.30 11.2
71 57+583 Pipe culvert 1 87 1.00 16.0
72 57+602 RCC bоx culvert 1 85 2,50x4,00 12.00 2,00x2,00 11.4 73 58+411 Three sided covered RCC 1 46 0,50x1,00 18.00 0.30 16.0 74 58+872 Three sided covered RCC 1 44 0,50x1,00 19.00 0.20 11.1 75 59+220 Pipe culvert 1 96 1.50 16.00 1.00 15.3 76 59+310 Pipe culvert 1 92 1.00 15.00 1.00 9.0 77 59+425 Three sided covered RCC 1 58 0,50x1,00 14.00 0.30 10.9 78 59+496 Three sided covered RCC 1 77 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.40 10.4 79 60+067 Pipe culvert 1 91 1.50 13.00 Culvert silted 21.3 80 60+231 Pipe culvert 1 87 1.00 12.00 Culvert silted 10.8 81 60+853 Pipe culvert 1 79 1.50 13.00 Culvert silted 13.2 82 61+325 Three sided covered RCC 90 1,00x1,00 12.00 83 61+433 Pipe culvert 1 98 1.00 14.00 0.70 12.9 84 61+590 Pipe culvert 1 87 1.50 22.00 0,50 0,70 15,6+ 18,0 85 63+242 Pipe culvert 1 94 1.50 13.00 1.00 18.1
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86 63+806 Three sided covered RCC 1 90 0,50x1,00 12.00 87 64+160 Pipe culvert 1 111 1.50 18.00 Culvert silted 11.9 88 64+922 RCC bоx culvert 1 122 2,50x4,00 15.00 1.50 13.7 89 65+162 Pipe culvert 1 123 1.50 16.00 1.00 11.9 90 65+463 Pipe culvert 1 116 1.50 16.00 1.00 18.7
91 65+682 Pipe culvert 1 103 1.00 13.5
92 66+954 Three sided covered RCC 1 86 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.30 8.5 93 67+986 Pipe culvert 1 98 1.50 12.00 1.00 10.1
94 68+220 Pipe culvert 1 72 1.00 14.8
95 70+664 Pipe culvert 1 117 1.20 15.2
96 71+576 Three sided covered RCC 1 102 1,00x1,00 11.00 0.50 14.4 97 71+833 Siphon 1.00 14.00 Culvert silted 10.2
98 72+006 Pipe culvert 1 122 1.20 26.9
99 72+125 Three sided covered RCC 1 91 0,50x1,00 12.00 0.20 17.0 100 72+506 Three sided covered RCC 1 88 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.40 12.4 101 72+980 Three sided covered RCC 1 90 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.40 12.2
102 73+041 Pipe culvert 1 90 1.00 12.3
103 73+150 Pipe culvert 1 87 1.00 12.00 0,40x1,00 14.2 104 73+366 Three sided covered RCC 1 85 0,50x1,00 12.00 0,40x1,00 9.1 105 73+451 Three sided covered RCC 1 88 1,00x1,00 12.00 0,40x1,00 12.2 106 73+606 Three sided covered RCC 1 94 1,00x1,00 12.00 0,40x1,00 12.0
107 73+883 Pipe culvert 1 96 1.00 13.7
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108 74+140 Pipe culvert 1 94 1.00 12.00 0.50 13.3 109 74+445 Pipe culvert 1 94 1.00 12.00 12.00 12.4 110 74+510 Pipe culvert 1 88 1.00 12.00 0.50 13.1 111 74+883 Three sided covered RCC 1 90 1,00x1,00 11.00 0.40 7.6 112 74+945 Three sided covered RCC 1 115 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.08 5.6 113 75+147 Pipe culvert 1 144 1.50 19.00 0.50 25.1 114 75+176 Three sided covered RCC 1 88 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.15 7 115 75+582 Pipe culvert 1 51 1.50 18.00 1.00 10.5 116 75+769 Three sided covered RCC 1 86 1,00x1,00 11.00 80.00 10.6 117 75+815 Three sided covered RCC 1 88 1,00x1,00 11.00 0.30 10.5
118 75+854 Pipe culvert 1 73 1.00 11.2
119 75+880 Three sided covered RCC 1 97 1,00x1,00 11.00 0.50 10.5 120 76+049 Three sided covered RCC 1 96 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.40 10.4 121 76+079 Three sided covered RCC 1 86 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.30 11.5 122 76+146 Pipe culvert 1 98 1.00 12.00 0.80 14.8
123 76+171 Pipe culvert 1 86 1.20 11.4
124 76+416 Three sided covered RCC 1 88 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.15 10.6 125 76+514 Three sided covered RCC 1 89 0,50x1,00 12.00 0.25 9.4
126 76+741 Pipe culvert 1 52 1.20 40.4
127 77+380 Pipe culvert 1 97 1.20 19.4
128 79+518 Pipe culvert 1 78 1.00 11.3
129 80+301 Three sided covered RCC 1 104 1,00x1,00 12.00 0.80 11.5 130 80+400 Three sided covered RCC 1 96 1,00x1,00 12.00 0.70 15.1
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131 80+673 Three sided covered RCC 1 109 1,00x1,00 12.00 0.30 14.5 132 81+739 Three sided covered RCC 1 123 1,00x1,00 41.00 0.70 40.7
133 82+461 Pipe culvert 1 94 1.00 17.2
134 83+236 Three sided covered RCC 1 102 0,50x1,00 12.00 0.25 15.9 135 83+853 Three sided covered RCC 1 92 0,50x1,00 12.00 0.35 11.6 136 84+143 Three sided covered RCC 1 92 1,00x1,00 11.00 0.15 11.7
137 84+322 Pipe culvert 1 104 1.00 15.4
138 84+507 Three sided covered RCC 1 120 0,50x1,00 12.00 0.30 7.8 139 84+634 Three sided covered RCC 1 88 0,50x1,00 11.00 0.30 13.2 140 84+911 Siphon 1 48 1.00 15.00 1.00 14
141 84+925 Pipe culvert 1 115 1.00 19.7
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APPENDIX D - INDICATIVE SCHEDULE OF RETAINING WALLS AND SLOPE PROTECTION WORKS: VOSE – HOVALING ROAD
Approximate location Side Height Type From (km) To (km) 8+761 8+791 LHS 1.00 stone masonry 23+142 23+202 LHS 1,85 2,12 stone masonry 25+624 25+712 LHS 1,56 4,89 stone masonry 26+651 26+675 LHS 1,74 2,55 stone masonry 28+045 28+115 RHS 2,23 2,70 stone masonry 30+885 30+955 RHS 1.70 stone masonry 32+621 32+711 RHS 1,70 2,53 stone masonry 34+049 34+109 LHS 1,77 1,96 stone masonry 34+750 34+850 RHS 1,79 2,41 stone masonry 38+520 38+600 LHS 1,45 2,69 stone masonry 39+037 39+139 LHS 1,49 3,12 stone masonry 39+206 39+254 LHS 1,46 2,68 stone masonry 39+287 39+299 LHS 2,23 2,41 stone masonry 39+374 39+422 LHS 2,46 3,76 stone masonry 41+768 41+822 RHS 1,71 1,94 stone masonry 41+859 41+877 RHS 1,65 1,89 stone masonry 41+921 42+089 RHS 1,73 7,73 stone masonry 43+797 43+857 LHS 1,59 1,91 stone masonry 44+671 44+701 LHS 2,04 2,66 stone masonry
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44+722 44+757 LHS 1,87 2,19 stone masonry 44+775 44+785 LHS 1,92 2,09 stone masonry 44+915 44+999 LHS 2,21 2,83 stone masonry 45+041 45+271 LHS 1,82 3,44 stone masonry 45+314 45+350 LHS 1,75 2,75 stone masonry 45+696 45+726 LHS 2,38 2,62 stone masonry 45+920 46+024 RHS 2,35 4,71 stone masonry 46+251 46+305 RHS 1,97 3,09 stone masonry 48+309 48+384 RHS gabions
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APPENDIX E: VOSE – HOVALING ROAD TYPICAL CROSS SECTIONS
Cross Section for Road Category IV.
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Typical Cross Slopes.
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Pavement Rehabilitation Methods
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APPENDIX F: TRAFFIC DATA
Start Km Finish Km Vose - Khovaling 1 Vose 0 Kadutsi 10 2 Kadutsi 10 Tangatopti Road to Kulob 41 3 Tangtopti Road to Kulob 41 Kodarki Poen 55 4 Kodarki Poen 55 Khovaling Road to Dangara 85 5 Khovaling Road to Dangara 85 Khovaling 87
Sayron - Karamik 1 Sayron 218 Puldan 225 2 Puldan 225 around Km 263 263 3 Around Km 263 263 Atsukalma 290 4 Atsukalma 290 Border 306
Average Growth Rates Cars Buses Trucks 2013 5.90% 1.60% 7.50% 2014 5.90% 1.60% 7.50% 2015 5.90% 1.60% 7.50% 2016 5.90% 1.60% 7.50% 2017 5.90% 1.60% 7.50% 2018 5.90% 1.60% 7.50% 2019 5.90% 1.60% 7.50% 2020 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2021 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2022 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2023 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2024 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2025 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2026 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2027 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2028 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2029 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2030 4.90% 1.60% 6.50% 2031 3.90% 1.60% 5.50% 2032 3.90% 1.60% 5.50% 2033 3.90% 1.60% 5.50%
Sayron – Karamik 2013
Section Cars Buses Trucks Total
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1 674 66 536 1276 2 649 132 529 1311 3 613 169 551 1332 4 297 35 209 541
Sayron – Karamik Opening Year
Section Cars Buses Trucks Total 1 674 66 536 1276 2 649 132 529 1311 3 644 169 578 1391 4 327 35 230 592
Sayron – Karamik Future Traffic
Section 1 Cars Buses Trucks Total 2014 713 67 576 1357 2015 755 68 619 1443 2016 800 69 666 1535 2017 847 70 716 1633 2018 897 72 769 1738 2019 950 73 827 1850 2020 997 74 881 1952 2021 1046 75 938 2059 2022 1097 76 999 2172 2023 1151 78 1064 2292 2024 1207 79 1133 2419 2025 1266 80 1207 2553 2026 1328 81 1285 2695 2027 1393 83 1369 2845 2028 1461 84 1458 3003 2029 1533 85 1553 3171 2030 1608 87 1654 3348 2031 1671 88 1745 3503 2032 1736 89 1840 3666 2033 1804 91 1942 3836
Section 2 Cars Buses Trucks Total 2014 688 134 569 1391 2015 728 137 612 1476 2016 771 139 657 1567 2017 817 141 707 1664 2018 865 143 760 1768 2019 916 146 817 1878 2020 961 148 870 1978
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2021 1008 150 926 2084 2022 1057 153 987 2196 2023 1109 155 1051 2315 2024 1163 158 1119 2440 2025 1220 160 1192 2572 2026 1280 163 1269 2712 2027 1343 165 1352 2860 2028 1409 168 1440 3016 2029 1478 171 1533 3181 2030 1550 173 1633 3356 2031 1611 176 1723 3509 2032 1673 179 1817 3670 2033 1739 182 1917 3838
Section 3 Cars Buses Trucks Total 2014 682 171 622 1475 2015 722 174 668 1564 2016 764 177 718 1660 2017 809 180 772 1762 2018 857 183 830 1870 2019 908 186 893 1986 2020 952 189 951 2091 2021 999 192 1012 2203 2022 1048 195 1078 2321 2023 1099 198 1148 2445 2024 1153 201 1223 2577 2025 1210 204 1302 2716 2026 1269 207 1387 2863 2027 1331 211 1477 3019 2028 1396 214 1573 3183 2029 1465 218 1675 3358 2030 1536 221 1784 3542 2031 1596 225 1882 3703 2032 1659 228 1986 3873 2033 1723 232 2095 4050
Section 4 Cars Buses Trucks Total 2014 346 36 247 629 2015 366 36 266 669 2016 388 37 286 711 2017 411 37 307 756 2018 435 38 330 804 2019 461 39 355 855 2020 483 39 378 901
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2021 507 40 403 950 2022 532 40 429 1002 2023 558 41 457 1056 2024 585 42 487 1114 2025 614 42 518 1175 2026 644 43 552 1239 2027 676 44 588 1307 2028 709 45 626 1379 2029 743 45 667 1456 2030 780 46 710 1536 2031 810 47 749 1606 2032 842 47 790 1680 2033 875 48 834 1757
Vose – Hovaling Future Traffic
Future Traffic Section 1 Cars Buses Trucks Total 2014 610 71 108 790 2015 646 72 117 835 2016 684 74 125 883 2017 725 75 135 934 2018 768 76 145 988 2019 813 77 156 1046 2020 861 78 167 1107 2021 903 80 178 1161 2022 947 81 190 1218 2023 994 82 202 1278 2024 1042 84 215 1341 2025 1094 85 229 1408 2026 1147 86 244 1477 2027 1203 88 260 1551 2028 1262 89 277 1628 2029 1324 90 295 1709 2030 1389 92 314 1795 2031 1457 93 334 1885 2032 1514 95 353 1962 2033 1573 96 372 2042
Section 2 Cars Buses Trucks Total 2014 432 31 59 523 2015 458 32 64 553 2016 485 32 69 585 2017 513 33 74 620 2018 544 33 79 656
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2019 576 34 85 695 2020 610 34 92 736 2021 639 35 98 772 2022 671 35 104 810 2023 704 36 111 850 2024 738 37 118 893 2025 774 37 126 937 2026 812 38 134 984 2027 852 38 142 1033 2028 894 39 152 1084 2029 938 40 162 1139 2030 983 40 172 1196 2031 1032 41 183 1256 2032 1072 41 193 1307 2033 1114 42 204 1360
Section 3 Cars Buses Trucks Total 2014 582 36 126 744 2015 617 36 135 788 2016 653 37 145 835 2017 691 37 156 885 2018 732 38 168 938 2019 775 39 181 995 2020 821 39 194 1055 2021 861 40 207 1108 2022 904 41 220 1164 2023 948 41 234 1224 2024 994 42 250 1286 2025 1043 43 266 1351 2026 1094 43 283 1421 2027 1148 44 302 1493 2028 1204 45 321 1570 2029 1263 45 342 1650 2030 1325 46 364 1735 2031 1390 47 388 1825 2032 1444 48 409 1901 2033 1500 48 432 1980
Section 4 Cars Buses Trucks Total 2014 572 45 115 732 2015 606 46 124 775 2016 641 47 133 821 2017 679 48 143 870 2018 719 48 154 921
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2019 762 49 165 976 2020 807 50 178 1034 2021 846 51 189 1086 2022 888 52 201 1140 2023 931 52 214 1198 2024 977 53 228 1258 2025 1025 54 243 1322 2026 1075 55 259 1389 2027 1127 56 276 1459 2028 1183 57 294 1533 2029 1241 58 313 1611 2030 1301 58 333 1693 2031 1365 59 355 1779 2032 1418 60 374 1853 2033 1474 61 395 1930
Section 5 Cars Buses Trucks Total 2014 465 33 87 585 2015 492 33 94 619 2016 521 34 101 656 2017 552 35 108 695 2018 585 35 116 736 2019 619 36 125 780 2020 650 36 133 819 2021 681 37 142 860 2022 715 37 151 903 2023 750 38 161 949 2024 787 39 171 996 2025 825 39 182 1047 2026 866 40 194 1100 2027 908 40 207 1155 2028 952 41 220 1214 2029 999 42 235 1276 2030 1048 42 250 1340 2031 1089 43 264 1396 2032 1131 44 278 1453 2033 1176 45 293 1513
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APPENDIX G: KADUCHI FOCUS GROUP CONSULTATION PARTICIPANTS
Hovaling Participants of meetings
N Name Position 1 Saidulloev H. Chairman of mahalla in v.Kaduchi
2 Hakimov H. accountant 3 Halimov H. farmer 4 Naimov H. worker 5 Nurov A. Chief accountant of the mahalla 6 Mahmadaliev D. Doctor of the medical center 7 Umarov M. farmer 8 Holova D. Secretary of the jamoat 9 Nazarov A. Deouty chairman of the mahalla 10 Sharifov N. Director of the RED (road exploitation department) 11 Voisov M. Deputy chairman 12 Rahimov A. Farmer 13 Nurov M Farmer 14 Abduhokimov F. Chaiman of the mahalla of v.Chorbog 15 Turaev K. driver 16 Fatohov K. Head of department 17 Valiev H. Chaiman of mahalla 18 Kurbonov M. farmer 19 Faizov Kh. farmer 20 Khojaev A. Chaiman of jamoat Tabzil 21 Amonov S. Chaiman of mahalla 22 Gadoev S. Medical doctor 23 Holdorov A. Farmer 24 Davlatov S. Teacher of school N19 25 Saidov N. Chaiman of jamoat 26 Hamidov H. Chaiman of mahalla v.B.Hamidov 27 Sadullaev Z. driver 28 Kurbonov R. farmer 29 Halimov K. Farmer 30 Bobokalonov M. Chaiman of mahalla v.Bahoriston 31 Habibov A. farmer 32 Juraev A. Teacher of school #6 33 Barotov I. Director of the school #13 34 Kurbonov Sh. Farmer 35 Kurbonov Z. Farmer 36 Valiev Kh. farmer
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37 Murodov S. Accountant of the mosque 38 Davlatov Sh. Accountant of the mosque 39 Sharbatov R. farmer
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APPENDIX H: LAHUTY FOCUS GROUP CONSULTATION PARTICIPANTS
Participants of meetings
N Name Position 1 Akberdiev Sh. Worker of NGO
2 Umarov M. pensioner 3 Tutiev Kh. worker 4 Rajabov A. student 5 Valiev Ya. accountant 6 Bobohonov K. farmer 7 Miskinov N. worker 8 Murodaliev I. worker 9 Tutiev Kh. worker 10 Sharipov T. pensioner 11 Rasulov S. worker 12 Halifaev S. student 13 Tutiev S. Staff of jamoat 14 Muddinov M. worker 15 Mehrobi T. worker 16 Muskinov U. electrician 17 Davlatov J. worker 18 Sattorov S. worker 19 Sirojev Z. worker 20 Turaev N. worker 21 Sharipov Z. worker 22 Davlatov J. worker 23 Nazarov Sh. Deputy of the chairmen of the jamoat 24 Ibragimov F. Farmer 25 Tashripov B. Chaiman of Jonbaht 26 Pirnozirov I. Farmer of v.Jonbaht 27 Hosinova Z. worker 28 Zuhurov S. doctor 29 Murodova S.. housewife 30 Mirzoev Sh. worker 31 Rahmonov N. worker 32 Nazarov J. farmer 33 Safarov U. worker 34 Juraev S. worker 35 Holikov N. worker 36 Juraev N. farmer
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37 Asoev I. teacher 38 Sharipov V. worker 39 Ibragimov M. Farmer, mechanic 40 Halimov U. worker 41 Murodov F. worker 42 Sattorov S. farmer 43 Turaev N. Head of household 44 Muskinov U. electrician 45 Kuvvatov D. Head of household 46 Hottamov Sh. pensioner 47 Muddinov K. farmer 48 Abdullov A. Farmer 49 Safarova S. housewife 50 Rajabov R. Farmer 51 Ahrorova H. housewife 52 Sattov H. farmer 53 Kurbonov S. driver 54 Tutiev S. Secretary of jamoat
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APPENDIX H: WIND ROSES
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APPENDIX I: KAFTARGAZUR ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS
Kaftarguzor, Nurobod Province Latitude: 38o50.37' Longitude: 70o09.09' Elevation: 1432 m Households: 47
The village is located at mountain area and just beside the mountain road to the city of Tavildara. The village is 10.2 km away from the main road of Vakhdat to Karamik. There is no grid electricity supplied to the village, so the current loads of residents in the village are only for lighting and the most of the residents are using kerosene lights. A few residents use solar powered lights, but the size is very small.
Land to be used for installing PV panels was identified during a recent ADB field survey. The land is located just beside the road and right in the west of the village. Total area of the land is about 800 m2, that is enough to build 40kW PV array. The village is surrounded by mountain. The mountain in the south and the west is far away and the shading from south and west direction can be neglected. But in the east, the shading angle is 25 degree and about 1.5 hours of sunshine will be lost per day in averagely, which may share about 8% of annual total irradiation.
land is about 800 m , that is enough to build 40kW PV array. S
Fig. 3 8 The Land to be Used for PV Park
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Fig. 3 1 The village Kaftarguzar is located beside the mountain road
Fig. 3 2 The Layout of Households Distribution
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APPENDIX J: SAYRON – KARAMIK PUBLIC CONSULTATIONS 2007
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