Mass Execution of Prisoners
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The University of Chicago Old Elites Under Communism: Soviet Rule in Leninobod a Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the Di
THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO OLD ELITES UNDER COMMUNISM: SOVIET RULE IN LENINOBOD A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE DIVISION OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY BY FLORA J. ROBERTS CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JUNE 2016 TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures .................................................................................................................... iii List of Tables ...................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ............................................................................................................ vi A Note on Transliteration .................................................................................................. ix Introduction ......................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter One. Noble Allies of the Revolution: Classroom to Battleground (1916-1922) . 43 Chapter Two. Class Warfare: the Old Boi Network Challenged (1925-1930) ............... 105 Chapter Three. The Culture of Cotton Farms (1930s-1960s) ......................................... 170 Chapter Four. Purging the Elite: Politics and Lineage (1933-38) .................................. 224 Chapter Five. City on Paper: Writing Tajik in Stalinobod (1930-38) ............................ 282 Chapter Six. Islam and the Asilzodagon: Wartime and Postwar Leninobod .................. 352 Chapter Seven. The -
Abschlusspublikation Zum Herunterladen
SONDERPROGRAMM ZENTRALASIEN ABSCHLUSSPUBLIKATION SPECIAL PROGRAMME CENTRAL ASIA FINAL PUBLICATION DIE GERDA HENKEL STIFTUNG BOT IN DEN JAHREN 2004 BIS 2013 EIN PROGRAMM ZUR FÖRDERUNG VON HERAUSRAGENDEN WISSENSCHAFTLERN AN, DIE SICH AUF DIE REGION ZENTRALASIEN KONZENTRIEREN. ZIEL DES PROGRAMMS WAR ES, FORSCHUNGSARBEITEN INSBESONDERE IM BEREICH DER ARCHÄOLOGIE UND DER KUNSTGESCHICHTE, ABER AUCH IN DEN DISZIPLINEN GESCHICHTE, HISTORISCHE ISLAMWISSENSCHAFT, ARCHITEKTUR UND KUNSTWISSENSCHAFT ANZUREGEN. BESONDERS BERÜCKSICHTIGT WURDEN WISSENSCHAFTLER AUS DER REGION ZENTRALASIEN. EBENFALLS GEFÖRDERT WURDEN KOOPERATIONSPROJEKTE ZWISCHEN WISSENSCHAFTLERN AUS DEN ZIELLÄNDERN UND EUROPÄISCHEN ZENTRALASIEN-FORSCHERN. DIE FÖRDERUNG DES WISSENSCHAFTLICHEN NACHWUCHSES WAR DABEI EIN BESONDERES ANLIEGEN DER STIFTUNG. FROM 2004 TO 2013, THE GERDA HENKEL FOUNDATION OFFERED A PROGRAMME TO SUPPORT OUTSTANDING SCHOLARS, WHOSE RESEARCH IS FOCUSED ON CENTRAL ASIA. THE PROGRAMME AIMED TO STIMULATE ACADEMIC RESEARCH PROJECTS IN THE AREAS OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND ART HISTORY AS WELL AS PROJECTS IN THE FIELDS OF HISTORY, HISTORIC ISLAMIC STUDIES, ARCHITECTURE, AND THE FINE ARTS. SCIENTISTS FROM CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES WERE INVITED TO APPLY FOR THIS PROGRAMME. MOREOVER, IT SUPPORTED PROJECTS THAT IDEALLY WERE BASED ON COOPERATION BETWEEN SCHOLARS FROM THE TARGETED REGION AND EUROPEAN EXPERTS SPECIALIZED IN CENTRAL ASIA. A SPECIAL CONCERN OF THE FOUNDATION WAS THE ADVANCEMENT OF POSTGRADUATES. VORWORT FOREWORD Seit ihrer Gründung im Jahr 1976 unterstützt die Gerda Henkel -
Tajikistan: Access to Resources for Human Development
Empovered lives. Resilient nations. N A T I O N A L H U M A N D E V E L O P M E N T R E P O R T 2 0 1 4 Tajikistan: access to resources for human development DUSHANBE - 2015 International Labour Organization The United Nations Population Fund The International Labour Organization (UNFPA) is an international institution (ILO) is a UN specialized agency which on development issues and delivering seeks the promotion of social justice a world where every pregnancy is wanted, and internationally recognized human every childbirth is safe and every young and labour rights. person’s potential is fulfilled. The report has been prepared in collaboration with a group of local consultants. The contents of this publication are not copyrighted. They may be reproduced partially or fully without the prior consent of UNDP or the Republic of Tajikistan. However, the report authors will appreciate if reference is made to this publication The views and opinions expressed in this report belong to the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official position of UNDP, UNFPA and ILO. Dear reader, You are welcome to the latest National Human Development Report called Tajikistan: Access to Human Development prepared with the support of the UN Development Program and in close cooperation with the government, civil society and international organizations in Tajikistan. It is remarkable that this Report is presented during the final year of the National Development Strategy of the Republic of Tajikistan for the period of 2015, which was elaborated in consideration of the Millennium Development Goals for 2015 as well as the Living Standards Improvement Strategy of Tajikistan for 2013-2015. -
Emergency Plan of Action Final Report Tajikistan: Floods
Emergency Plan of Action Final Report Tajikistan: Floods DREF operation no. MDRTJ028 Glide number: FL-2019-000058-TJK Date of issue: 17 December 2019 Operation start date: 17 June 2019 Operation end date: 17 September 2019 Host National Society: Red Crescent Society of Tajikistan Operation budget: CHF 147,688 (RCST) Number of people affected: 6,750 people Number of people assisted: 2,750 people (1,350 households) (550 households) Red Cross Red Crescent Movement partners currently actively involved in the operation: IFRC, German RC and ICRC Other partner organizations actively involved in the operation: Local and National Government of the Republic of Tajikistan, Rapid Emergency Assessment and Coordination Team (REACT) partners A. SITUATION ANALYSIS Description of the disaster Description of the disaster Continuous heavy rains resulted in mudflows and floods countrywide between 1 and 7 June 2019. In total, 10 mid- scale mudflows and floods had occurred throughout Tajikistan. 1,350 households (6,750 people) were heavily affected in Khatlon province (Vose, Farkhor, Temurmalik, Pyanj and Khuroson districts), Sughd province (Devashtich, Isfara, Penjikent and Konibodom districts) and in Direct Ruled Districts (DRD) Rudaky and Fayzobod. At least 4 persons were killed in Khuroson, Penjikent and Pyanj. The mudflows repeatedly hit the same locations (in Farkhor and Vose) on 6 June 2019. Around 650 households were evacuated to neighbouring villages into safe places i.e. schools, mosques and relatives’ houses. The Government commenced relief operations -
Alexander Erich 2015 Prevention of Domestic Violence in Tajikistan
From ‘programme transplants’ to ‘local approaches’: the prevention of domestic violence against women in Tajikistan Dissertation zur Erlangung der Würde des Doktors der Philosophie der Fakultät für Geisteswissenschaften der Universität Hamburg vorgelegt von Alexander Erich aus Düsseldorf Hamburg, den 3. April 2015 (Druckjahr) Datum der Disputation: Dienstag, 14. Juli 2015 Prüfungskommission: Prof. Dr. Frank Bliss (Erstgutachter, Vorsitzender) Prof. Dr. Michael Schnegg (Zweitgutachter) Prof. Dr. Cord Jakobeit Eidesstattliche Versicherung Hiermit versichere ich an Eides statt, dass ich die Dissertation selbst verfasst und keine anderen als die angegebenen Hilfsmittel benutzt habe. Die Arbeit wurde nicht schon einmal in einem früheren Promotionsverfahren angenommen oder als ungenügend beurteilt. Bonn, den 3. April 2015 For my sons, Yamani, Oskar, Paul and Benno This study would have not been possible without the help of many colleagues, friends and family, who advised and motivated me; thank you all for your unwavering support! I particularly want to thank Goulya Petrova, Firuza Jobirova, Dr David Cownie and Prof Dr Frank Bliss. Of course, nothing would have worked out without the generosity and patience of Mareile, whose love and friendship I am deeply grateful for. Table of contents List of acronyms and abbreviations iii List of figures iv List of tables iv List of pictures iv 1. Introduction 1 1.1 The intern ational challenge of domestic violence prevention 3 1.1.1 The ‘neglected obvious’ of international development 5 1.1.2 Shaping a response to domestic violence in Tajikistan 9 1.2 Exploring new ground in theory and practice 12 1.2.1 Expanding the anthropological engagement with domestic violence 12 1.2.2 Programme transplants and local approaches 16 1.2.3 Lack of evaluative evidence and programmatic guidance 21 1.3 Objectives and structure of the study 25 2. -
Water and Conflict in the Ferghana Valley: Historical Foundations of the Interstate Water Disputes Between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan
Dipartimento di Scienze Politiche Cattedra: Modern Political Atlas Water and Conflict in the Ferghana Valley: Historical Foundations of the Interstate Water Disputes Between Kyrgyzstan and Uzbekistan RELATORE Prof. Riccardo Mario Cucciolla CANDIDATO Alessandro De Stasio Matr. 630942 ANNO ACCADEMICO 2017/2018 1 Sommario Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 1. The Water-Security Nexus and the Ferghana Valley ................................................................................. 9 1.1. Water and Conflict ................................................................................................................................. 9 1.1.1. Water uses ..................................................................................................................................... 9 1.1.2. Water security and water scarcity ............................................................................................... 10 1.1.3. Water as a potential source of conflict ....................................................................................... 16 1.1.4. River disputes .............................................................................................................................. 25 1.2. The Ferghana Valley ............................................................................................................................ 30 1.2.1. Geography, hydrography, demography and -
Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: the Crucial Challenge in Central Asian Development by Ramtanu Maitra
NEW SILK ROAD Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan: The Crucial Challenge in Central Asian Development by Ramtanu Maitra Jan. 22—China’s grand panoramic land- transport infrastructure project—a major ele- ment of the larger One Belt One Road (OBOR) vision it officially unveiled in 2013—includes developing transport arter- ies from China to Europe and Southwest Asia, traversing a southern route through Iran and Afghanistan. OBOR has already linked China to Ka- zakhstan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan— three northern and western countries of Cen- tral Asia.1 Now, with the southern route to Afghanistan and Iran, the remaining Central Asian countries, Kyrgyzstan and Tajikistan, will also be tied into the network. Xinhua/Li Xueren A rail link from China to Kyrgyzstan and China President Xi and Kyrgyz President Almazbek Atambayev, Jan. 6. Uzbekistan was proposed in the early 2000s. That proposal called for building a new 270 km-long number of issues, including a tepid response from Kyr- rail link from Kashgar (Kashi), a business hub in Chi- gyzstan’s neighbor, Uzbekistan, have held back the na’s western Xinjiang province close to the Kyrgyz- project. stan border, to Andijan, located in the Ferghana Valley President Atambayev was in China in early Janu- in eastern Uzbekistan, via Kyrgyzstan. The railroad ary of this year and reportedly reopened discussion of will first pass through central Kyrgyzstan’s Naryn, and the railroad. But the talks apparently have not re- then go south and west to Osh before entering the fer- solved the difficult issues. According to a Jan. 20, tile valley and terminating in Andijan in Uzbekistan. -
Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 2, 3, and 5 (Obigarm-Nurobod) Road Project: Report and Recommendation of Th
Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors Project Number: 52042-001 November 2019 Proposed Grant Republic of Tajikistan: Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation Corridors 2, 3, and 5 (Obigarm–Nurobod) Road Project Distribution of this document is restricted until it has been approved by the Board of Directors. Following such approval, ADB will disclose the document to the public in accordance with ADB’s Access to Information Policy. CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 17 October 2019) Currency unit – somoni (TJS) TJS1.00 = $0.1032 $1.00 = TJS9.6911 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank AIIB – Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank CAREC – Central Asia Regional Economic Cooperation CSC – construction supervision consultant EBRD – European Bank for Reconstruction and Development EMP – environmental management plan GAP – gender action plan km – kilometer LARP – land acquisition and resettlement plan m – meter MOT – Ministry of Transport OFID – OPEC Fund for International Development PAM – project administration manual PBM – performance-based maintenance PCC – project coordinating committee PIURR – Project Implementation Unit for Roads Rehabilitation PMC – project management consultant PPRA – project procurement risk assessment NOTE In this report, “$” refers to United States dollars. Vice-President Shixin Chen, Operations 1 Director General Werner Liepach, Central and West Asia Department (CWRD) Director Dong-Soo Pyo, Transport and Communications Division, CWRD Team leader Kamel Bouhmad, Transport Specialist, CWRD -
Environmental Degradation, Migration, Internal Displacement, and Rural Vulnerabilities in Tajikistan
Environmental Degradation, Migration, Internal Displacement, and Rural Vulnerabilities in Tajikistan May 2012 This study was conducted with financial support from the International Organization for Migration Development Fund. In its activities, IOM believes that a humane and orderly migration responds to the interests of migrants and society, as a whole. As a leading intergovernmental organization IOM is working with its partners in the international community, guided by the following objectives: to promote the solution of urgent migration problems, improve understanding of the problems in the area of migration; encourage social and economic development through migration; assert the dignity and well-being of migrants. Publisher: International Organization for Migration (IOM) Mission in the Republic of Tajikistan Dushanbe, 734013 22-A Vtoroy Proezd, Azizbekov Street Telephone: +992 (37) 221-03-02 Fax: +992 (37) 251-00-62 Email: [email protected] Website: http://www.iom.tj © 2012 International Organization for Migration (IOM) All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed in any way - through electronic and mechanical means, photocopying, recording, or otherwise without the prior written permission of the publisher. The opinions expressed in this report represent those of individual authors and unless clearly labeled as such do not rep- resent the opinions of the International Organization for Migration. Environmental Degradation, Migration, Internal Displacement, and Rural Vulnerabilities in Tajikistan May 2012 Saodat Olimova Muzaffar Olimov ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors of this report express their deepest gratitude to Zeynal Hajiyev, Chief of IOM Mission in Tajikistan and the employees of the IOM country office, especially Moyonsho Mahmadbekov, Patrik Shirak and Zohir Navjavonov for their invaluable advice on improving the structure and content of this report. -
Overview of Disasters in Tajikistan 25 March - 5 May 2010
Rapid Emergency Assessment and Coordination Team – REACT Tajikistan May 6, 2010 Overview of Disasters in Tajikistan 25 March - 5 May 2010 Summary The heavy rains from 25 March to 5 May, 2010 have resulted in flooding, mudflows and landslides in 21 districts across Tajikistan. According to Committee of Emergency Situations and Civil Defense (CoES) at least 5,288 people have been affected together with over 1,000 houses, seven schools, 300 head of cattle and over 2,000 hectares of cultivated land and gardens. The kitchens and hygiene facilities of houses were either destroyed or damaged by the disasters. Over 50 kilometers of structures intended to protect housing from mud flows have been destroyed. The greatest overall damage is reported to have occurred in Vose and Muminabad districts. Damage and needs assessments were conducted for specific disasters by local and national CoES staff together with regional and national REACT members. The publically available reports can be found at http://groups.google.com/group/react_dushanbe. Local governments are submitting information on destroyed and severely damaged houses to authorities in Dushanbe to secure funds and materials for recovery activities. Specific details on the impacts and responses to the recent disasters are provided below by month of occurrence. 37/1 Bokhtar street, Dushanbe, Tajikistan, “VEFA” Business Center, 6th Floor, Suite 604 Office: (+992 47) 4410737, 4410738. www.untj.org Rapid Emergency Assessment and Coordination Team – REACT Tajikistan May 6, 2010 May 2010 Floods in Gonchi District (Sughd Province) As a result of heavy rains, at 1415 on May 5, 2010 mudflow occurred in the village Khushekat, Jamoat Rasrovud, Ghonchi District of with a population of around 3000 people (~ 700 households). -
Semi-Annual Environmental Monitoring Report
SEMI-ANNUAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING REPORT Project No.47181-002 ADB Loan No.3434-TAJ/Grant: No.0498-TAJ Reporting period: July – December 2020 REPUBLIC OF TAJIKISTAN: WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT IN PYANJ RIVER BASIN (Financed by Asian Development Bank) Prepared by BETS Consulting Services Ltd. Bangladesh in association with LLC “Panasia” Ltd. Tajikistan for the Project Implementation Group “Water resources management in Pyanj river basin” under the State institution "Capital and Land reclamation construction" Agency of Land Reclamation and Irrigation under the Government of the Republic of Tajikistan and the Asian Development Bank This environmental monitoring report is a document of the Borrower. The views expressed in this document do not necessarily reflect the views of ADB's board of directors, management or staff and may be preliminary. In preparing a Country Program or Strategy, financing a project, or by indicating or referencing a specific territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments regarding the legal or other status of any territory or region. January 2021 1 CONTENT I. INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………………………………….5 II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION AND CURRENT ACTIVITY……………………………………6 2.1. Project Description……………………………………………………………………………..6 2.2 Project Location………………………………………………………………………………...7 2.3. Agreements (contracts) for project implementation and management………………...…8 2.4. Project activities during the reporting period……………………………………………….12 2.4.1. Modernization and rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure in Hamadoni district………13 2.4.2. Modernization and rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure in Farkhor district………...17 2.4.3. Modernization and rehabilitation of irrigation infrastructure in Vose district…………....23 2.4.4. Construction of the lake-type sediment excluding basin in Hamadoni district…………24 2.4.5. -
Tajikistan Act Appeal for Extreme Winter 08
150 route de Ferney, P.O. Box 2100 1211 Geneva 2, Switzerland Tel: 41 22 791 6033 Fax: 41 22 791 6506 Appeal E-mail: [email protected] Coordinating Office Tajikistan Severe Weather - ASCE81 Appeal Target: US$ 169,540 Balance Requested: US$ 139,540 Geneva, 19 March 2008 Dear Colleagues, Tajikistan is experiencing its harshest winter in three decades with unusually low temperatures. T he cold weather over the last months and the ensuing shortage of electricity ha ve crippled the population, particularly in urban areas which depend on electricity for heating, cooking and water supply. Children and the elderly are among the most vulnerable people being hit by these conditions. As a result of heavy snowfalls, roads between several districts were blocked, which has also reduced local supplies of food and other basic commodities. According to media reports, 303 babies and 12 young women have died as a result of this situation over the last month (Source: Asia Plus). Many antiquated water lines had broken or become clogged. Meanwhile heating and electricity have been restored In Dushanbe, but in the higher altitudes, extreme cold and power outages prevail. There is a risk of flooding and mudslides and outbreak of typhoid as a result of precarious health conditions. The World Health Organization (WHO), together with other agencies, has identified critical food and non-food items are needed to mit igate against immediate, life threatening conditions. These items include wheat flour and vegetable oil in particular, warm clothes for children and the elderly, blankets and sleeping mats, jerry cans for carrying and storing water, flashlights, batteries, candles, matches, generators and fuel, and medicines.