Bhutan Presentation

Bhutan Presentation Karma Chhophel Hydro-met Services Division Department of Energy Thimphu Bhutan Introduction • A small country on the eastern fringe of the Himalayas • Area – 38,394 sq.km • Location – TAR (China) in the north, Indian states of West Bengal, Assam and Arunachal Pradesh on the west, south and east • Population – 668,000 • 20 administrative units Courtesy- Google Earth Water Resources • All major rivers flow into the Brahmaputra • Country divided into 4 main rivers basins with sub-basins – Amochhu Basin – Wangchhu Basin – Punatsangchhu Basin – Manas River Basin Water Resources • Long term mean annual flow – 2,325 m3/s (73,000 million m3/year) • Per capita mean annual flow availability – 109,000 m3 • Minimum 7 days flow of 10 year return period – 427 m3/s (13,500 million m3/year) • Per capita minimum flow availability – 20,000 m3 Courtesy – Google Earth Hydrological Network • 13 Principal stations – Equipped with cableways, gauges and pressure transducers connected to data loggers • 19 Secondary stations – Equipped with staff gauges Present developments • 13 Principal stations function as flood warning stations • Radar/ultrasonic sensors are being installed and data will be transmitted through PSTN/GSM network Hydrological Network Climate • Dominated by the Monsoon from the Bay of Bengal in June, is intense during July and August, petering out in September. November to January is dry with pre-monsoon showers in April and May • Mean annual rainfall between 500 to 5000 mm. Heaviest along the border with India, decreasing rapidly at first when moving northward and then slowly. No noticeable east-west trend Meteorological Network • 20 Class A stations – Full range of weather parameters • 74 Class C stations – Temperature, rainfall and humidity Present Developments • 20 Automatic Weather Stations installed • Working on setting up communication through PSTN/GSM network Meteorological Network Automatic Weather Stations Tashi Delek.

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