IWE.l.--- 318 -

Govemmeat of India

// INDINf WATERWAYS ~XP£RIM£NT STATION, POONA

Director:

Rao Babadur D. V. JOGLiKA~, B. E. I RESEARCH PUBLICATION No. 10 ANNUAL REPORT (TECHNICAL) OF WORK DONE DUR:NG THE YEAR 1945

&ND INDEX FOR 1937 TO 1£45

BY Rao Bahadur D. V. JOGLf ·..;.AR, B.E., Director, AND

STAFF AT KHADAKWA~LA.

I POONA I PRINTED AT THE JS~AEL Tc FRESS. POONA 1 9 4 8 1 L....;;~------iiiiilliii------~- Price; Ro. 25,--or------~------.;~ 38oh. 6d. j Liat of Research Publicationa of the Central Waterways, Irrigation and Navigation Research Static;»D, Pooua, available for Sale with the Manager of Publicatiolie.. Delhi. and Ageuta.

Research Year of Symbol No. Pftblica- Subject. Price. PubUca- ' tion No. tion. <.

Rs. A. P. i IBR. 1.88 1 Annual Beport of worll done during 1987-88 by 7 8 0 1989 I C. C. Inglis, A. B. Thomas, Bao Sahib D. V. Joglekar and staff at Khadakvasla. ' mR. 1..89 2 Annual Report of work done during 1988-89 by 7 8 0 19'0. )lame authors as in 1. . 1BB.2 ... 8 Note on'the theory, design and construction of Gibb s 0 0 194:1 Modules which, without moving parts,· give a constant discharge within working limits irres- pective of variations in upstream and downstream water levels by C. C. Inglis, and Bao Sahib -. D. V. Joglekar. ' lHB. 1.40 ., Anrftral Beport of work done during 1989-40 by 7 8 0 1941 0, 0. Inglis, A. B. Thomas, Bao Sahib D~ V. Joglekar and staff at Khadakvasla. . ' . - IBR.1.41 5 Annual Report (Technical) of work ~one during the 7 8 0 194%'

~ year 1940-4'1 and Index for 1987-41_ by C. C. Inglis, A. 8. Thomas, Rao Sahib D. V. Joglekar and staff at Kbadakvasla. mR.l.U 6 . Annual Report•(Technical) of work done during the 7 8 0 19U. year 1941-42 by C. 0. Inglis, ·J.- S. Reid, Rao Bahadur D. V. Joglekar and staff at Kbadakvasla. '. mR.UB 7 Annual Beport (Technical) of work done during the 7 8 0 19!5- year 1942-48 by C. C. Inglis, J. S. Reid, Rao BahadurD. V. J:oglekar and stall atKbadakvasla, . IWE.us 8 Annual Report (Teehnical) of work done cfuring the <7 8 0 1945- year 1948 by o: 0. ·Inglis, Rao Bahadur D•V. Joglekar and stali at Khadakvasla. •

IWI:. 1.44 9 Annual~eport (Technical) of work done ,during the 7 8 0 1945- year 19H and Index for 1940-44 by Sir Claude - Inglis, Rao Bahadur D. V. Joglekar ~nd staff at KbadakvBAla.

IWE. U5 10 Annual Report (Technical) of work done during the 25 0 0 194.~ year 1945 and Index for 1987 to 1945 by Rao Bahadur D. V. Joglekar and stall at Kbadak- vas Ia. . IWE.l.«G 11 Annual Report (Technical) of work done during the 7 8 0 U47. year 1946 by K._ K. Framji, Rao Babadur D. V. Joglekar and stall at Kbadakvasla. - TABLE OF CONTENTS ·

SUBJBOT or INTBBTlG.Al'IOli Paragraph Page :PART I-INTRODUCTION 1. S ta££ and their activities ...... 1 1

2. Model Experiments - ...... 2 4 3. Publications during the year ... 3 4.

PART-II

lU FIELD RESULT3 OF MEASURES ADOPTED AFTER MODEL EXPERIMENTS" . • . 1. Measures taken to control erosion of the left bank of the Rup- narain upstream of the Bengal Nagpar Railway Bridge at Ko1aghat by means of a ~eflecting groyne. ... -4 . 5 2. Training of the.Malaprabha River to protect the left bank and abutment of tha M. & S. Railway Bridge No. 8 at Hole-.Alor on the Hotgi- Gadag line. · ... . ••• · 5 7 . ' 3. Protection of retaining walls from scour by means of repelling spurs-(Baluchistan) (advice without model experime~ts) ... 6 8 4. Methods followed in fixing model scale rati~s and overcoming model ·limitations, based on experience gained at the Indian · Waterways Expe~iment Station, Poona. .... 21 88

PART III-SPECIFIC EXPERIMENTS ''IV RIVER BEHAVIOUR AND CONTROL." . " (ii) · Scour". 1. Experiments in .connection with dissipation of energy down· · stream of Lower Sind Barrage (2400 ft. upstream of site B near Hajipur). :u ... 7 - 10 2. Causes of accretion of the river bed at Sukkor Barrage and how to reduce rate of rise-Part II. .. , • ... 15 - 59

· "

"(v) Flood cont1·ol". 1. Experiments with a vertically-exaggerated model (1/400, 1/66) of the Mahanadi and its branches at Cuttack (Orissa). .9- 19 (vi)· Local T1·aining. 1. Trai~ing o~ Luni River to prevent it damaging the Jodhpur Railway lme ··~ ... · ... 1.2 36 2. 'l'raining of the Jumna River at Delhi Gate Pumping Station with pitched embankment on the right bank.. ••• 13 ·43 .. ,IJ CONTENTS

S~BCf OJ!' IllTESTIGA.nON Paragraph ~age

"XV-DAMS•' "(i) Design". 1. Experiments to determine a suitable profile of the Lower Sind Barrage to cause minimum afflux with 'gates fully open. ••• 10 ' 22 I 2. Determination of the coefficient of discharge of the automatic gates spillway for the Tansa Dam. •. . .•• 11 - 29

"XIX EXCLUDERS AND EJECTORS... 1: Desi~n. of the Lower Sind_ Barrage Experiments to test the design for scour and sand-~xclusion from canals-Sind. ..• 14 48

PART IY-~ASIC EXPERIMENTS. "lV RIVER BEHAVIOUR AN:P CONTROL".

"(ii) Scour".· Ecour downstream of rigid)ltructures in wide channel~. 16 67

••XV-DAMS'' "(i) Design,. Siphon epill'ways : Ganeshly~r's volute siphon'-Factore affecting the coefficient of discharge of ••• 17 72 .... "XVlll THE DESIGN OF CANAL FALLS., • Curvature of flqw in_the throat of a Standing Wave Flume ... 19 80

••Xll RAINFALL AND RUNOFF"

"(ii) Mazimum 'I"Uflrojf discharge, On sunspot intensity cycles as medium of predicting the probable dates of occurrence of river floods. 20 86

. ••XXII MISCELLANEOUS''• · Nomograms for determining commonly required hydraulic elements and constants. ••• 18 18

f PART IV n5

Our experience of verification is that •here is rarely enough river data available to make verification ·satisfactory except as a rough qualitative check, and even if there were, it would, at best, be .a very slow and tedious process ; because every appreciable change in one faotor affects all the other factors.

Mobile river models are in {ace a v1luable aid eo engineering skill whic~,. however, they can never replace.

APPENDIX I

. EQUIVALENT SIZE AND SPECI.FIO GRAVITY OF STONES .. AND BLOCKS IN A MODEL.

Experiments were carried out in connection with the Sarda model. C1 > These were more basic than specific in character, in that the object was t.o develop a technique to determine equivalent size and specific gravity of blocks and stones in models. Various grades of sand were tested to ascertain conditions (a) when movement com111enced, and (b) when general movement developed. The method followed consisted of laying a flat layer of loose stones and observing the depth of water when Ci) bed movement just commenced ; and (ii). general-movement occurred; with different discha~ges.

The stone was laid. in a single layer on a hard smooth bed .in one series~ and in a 2' layer, with similar stones upstream and downstream, but fixed to the bed in another. In the case of blocks, a single line of isolated blocks was laid across the channel in-one series and a closely·packed layer in another.

Fig. 123 shows results in two of the se~ies. Fig. 12S

The following conclusions were drawn:- (1} When (a) V 2 /gd in river= V 2 /gd in model, (b) Specific gravity of blocks or stones in prototype -and model are equal,. . · . stones above 1/4" grade in a channel less than 1 ft. deep beha~ed similarly under conditions of equal Vh/gd with diameter «=depth; but pebbles.1ess than 1/4" grade tended to qepart from this relationship. The same was true of cubical blocks of various sizes ranging from 1/2" to 2" cube. In other words, with equal Fr ( =V 2 /gd) in model and river, blocks and stones behave similarly when median diameter of stone depth of flow . is the same in model and river, within the limits stated. (2) When (a) Fronde number of prototype is not equal to Froude number of model, and (b) specific gravity of blocks or stones In nver and model are equal,

U>Reproduced frd'm A.R. (T), C.L & H.R. Stn.~ 1989~40, PP• 50~51; also see FP· 22-2S. 116 ANNUAL REPORT (TECitNlOAL) O.P rBE WORX: DONE DURING TilE YEAR -194,1) I experiments showed that •

median diameter of stone cc (VIl/gd) 1·3 d ' Fig. 12~ approximately for commencement of movement., -Thus if the ratio of Froude numbers (model: river) is 1·2, the volume of atone in the model should be 3 increased in the ratio, (1·2)1· x 3 = 2·04 above that given by the depth scale. The index here· (1·3) is, however, dependent on the velocity distribution upstream and on the similarity in shape of stones. With similar velocity distribution and shape of stone, the index would be 1·0. This ·also holds in the case of blocks (see 3 below). · /

(3) In the case of isolated' concrete blocks

Diameter cc ( F d N 0 )· 9 1 depth of flow rou e ' '- (4) When (a) Froude No. of prototype is not equa~ to Froude No. of model, (b) specific gravity' of mo~el and prototype blocks are also different, dia. cc (Frx-P-)·91 Fig. us d b-p where d = depth of flow ' . p'=density of water b = density of blocks. ,As an example, supposing it is desired to reproduce concrete blocks in a vertically-exaggerated model to a similar scale than the depth scale, then· the- density of the material to be used i~ given by . b- P y2 do-to -- QC ~·,.----:--.- p (dia.) 1· 1 or

bm- p = (V m/V p)2 X { ~ia. p ) 1.1 o (dm/dp)O·l o bp- p dxa.m. where the suffii:es m and p refer to model and prototype respectively. AO.I5D4. CENrtffiU.:.~WIGAT'ON F/6.123 ~DA'ODVNAMIC 'f.IUI•A~ ""' {FnJ.I-16 FROM Al-T. 1!1-16 (Jir /.W.I.S':!') EXPTS. WITH STONES AND BLOCKS CONDITIONS FOR INITIAL MOVEMENr OF STONES IN SINGLE LAYER & ISOLATED CUBICAL. BLOCKS. ' CUBICAL BLOCkS STONES ISIZE OF' Bl.OCirS ISP. j!!::· MEDIAN OIA, SP.-, tVl. IN FEET. IN FEET, X ·045 Z·/6 ·014-/ ?.'S,,_ - + Jl Z·5S ·OZZ9 0 n 3·61 ·0303 }1- 0 OS3 Z.·U ·OZ73 ,,_ l::J. ,, Z·ZB •0303 ""- Q .. 2·14- 0369 :1:1- ·~

o07

1.1 1...

1/

·or ~~~~~~~~------~------~----~--~--~---L~ -os ·os ·07 ·os ·os ·• ·z ·..5 •4 vz .p -!a .<'.,...'-..;...... ,.,:.o).--

"1'·8 • K·J?Ah.~".rJ.~ 111 INDEX OF THE INDIAN WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION, POONA, ANNUAL REPORT (TECHNICAL) FOR 1937-38 TO 1945.

[ Nate.-Questions dealt with by the Director, but not described in Annuai Reports are marked with an asterisk*]

----·------~~--~~--~-----~~~~~------Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year A 1937,1938,19~9,1940,1941,1942,1948,19441 1942 -88 -39 -40 -'1 -42 -48 .

A Abra'aion-attrition -degradation 51 47 40 41 6 62 of sand. ."Accretion~ N.W., Rice and Dadu 6,99 Canals at Sukkur•

. ' Accretion : N. V. relation .50 8,83 ...... (N = charge ; · • v. =terminal velocity) Accretion of the Grand Anicat ••• 54 ... Canal, Cauvery River (Madras). Accretion of the river · bed at ••• 59-6& Sukkur .Barrage-causes of­ and how to reduce rate of rise -Part H. Advisoty enquiries dealt with, 81 .62 55 62 . 2 1 "(i); 1 without e~eriments. Cii), &1

19 Afflux experiments to determine ••• ···- - ...... the effect of baDmouth added upstream and downstream of the top of the openings of the . "Mula River causeway at Rahuri -District Ahmednagar.

Afforestation-'Chos' Act passed ...... ~ ...... :8 •.• by the Punjab Government for- .Ahmedabad (Bombay) - Khan .... River at Raipur near-How to prevent outflanking of Barrage on- .Ahmedabad District-Dissipating 84 ...... energy below the masonry waste I weir of the Timba Tank at . Harso~ ':faluka Prantaj. .Ahmedabad water supply from .... 6! ...... Sabarmati River- Measures proposed to improve the-- 118 IN DEl:

Pa.ges of Annual Report (Teolinioal) for the year A 1937119S8,1939119401194lll94211943119441 194& -38 -39 -40. -41 -42 -48 -'-----''------:.--

Ahmednagar . District-Training 14 ...... - ... the M.ula above the Rahuri causeway. · . Ahmednagar District-Training 19 the Sina River with causeway at mile 5 of Nagar lianmad Road.

Ajoy -River-Failures of piers of 3 ... bridge under construction over the-in the Santa! Parganas, Bihar, during 1942 floods. ·

Alexandra Bridge over the Qhen~b · ••• River near Wazirabad-s~eps _ required to prevent damage to • the Railway Embankment-west of the-

.Alignment of a high coefficient 43 •• weir for the was:e weir of Lake

Arthur Hill; Bhandardara (Bo~- ( bay Presidency). Alignment of inner bank of tail ••• 13 ...... channel at Sukkur (Sind). ·Alluvial channels.... Factors affect· ••• :.45 50 "33 ... ing flow in Alur on Gadag-Sholapur line of ••• ... M. & S. M. Rail way-deep scour at left abutment of Bridge No.8 at- American data of rainfall and 6 ...... run-off American Rivers-curvature of ••• ... 10 ...... meanders.

American Rivers-Meander data •• ~ 9 ... ., . and formulae.

Amingaon--Brahmaputra Bridge ••• .•.. (u>• ••• ••• near--design of , .A~gaon-Experiments with a 44 23 ...... model of the Brahmaputra and the proposed Rail way bridge at- Analysis of Bilot. creek and ...... 32 Paharpur canal data (Ex. Indus 35 miles d/s of Kalabagh, N.\V.F.P.) in Indus. IN DB% 119

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the 1ear A

.Analysis of catchment character- ••• 34 ...... · istics.

Analysis of changes in the course ••• •.•• ... 8 ... of the River Indus downstream _of Kalabagh, N.W.F.P.

Analysis of Inundation Canal ••• ...... !9, .... .,.~ data in Sind and its comparison 32 with the data of peren~ial canals.

Analysis of-Punjab and , ~ind ••• ' ... 2 ... , ...... data of channels.

Analysis of 10 sites on distribu­ so .,. ~,. taries of the Sarda Main canal (U.P.)-Divergence from Re­ gime in stable channels in alluvium.

Analysis-Technical-of available .... Pfl!l •• • 1.5 6,99 .••• data re : the rise of water levels of the Indus in the past and to be anticipated in future. • Apparatus for generating waves ...... ,.. .66, ••• in a model. Approach channel at Wazirabad ••• ...... Pumping Station-Effect of straightening, clearing and deepening the,· on flow condi­

tions. ·~ ... ' Approach channel, for the Right. 9 13 12 16 ...... Bank Canals at Sukkur, to control sand entering the·· · · Canals.

Approach channel, probable scour ... ••• 12 ••4 along the banks of l.he

Approach channel-scour around ••• ••• 18 12. ••• ...... the nose of ···

Approach channel-various alter- ••• 20 ••• natives fQr constructing, the, in tw.o working seasons. Approach channel at Sukkur­ ... 96 Design of off-take at ...the entrance to the right pocket from the ... Apron d/s of tail channe] sluices ••• 19 ... at SukkuJ.-protection of 120 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year A 19S7119S8119S91194011941119421194S 19441 1946 -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -4S

Aprons· falling-characteristics 70 ••• ••• of-

Aprons falling-Effect of disposi- 71 87 tiona of stone on-

Aprons falling-Effect of shape 88 and size of stone on- Aprons falling -Experiments 68 87 ... With.·.

Aprons falling- Inclination of·· 71 88 ... ••• slope of- ' ·.... Aprons laid on alternate layers of 75 sand and clay-Behaviour of Apron protection, conditions under ... which, may fail. Apron protection, failure of, due 75 ... to slips in sand or to "blow outs."·

11 Apron, stone-Protection of island 15 ...... nose by laying an-along 'its face at Sukkur. Apron testing with scouring dis- ••• ... 15 ...... charges in the Right pocket and

tail .channel ! at Sukkur• Aquatic weeds in Deccan lrriga­ 7 ... ••• ... . tion canals. · Aquatic· weeds-Factors affecting 7 ...... growth of. Aqueduct 4 of Girna Canal (Bom- ••• 23 ... bay Presidency)-prevention of · scour downstream of the. Assam Access Road-Prevention ••• ... ••• ... 8* of scour in Garang River on-

Assam, Neamati in-Prevention 3* ... of erosion at- 2, Attracting groyne - Revetment ... ••• ••• ·acts as 104

.Attracting island-Bukkur island ... 97 ••• in the Indus acts as an- .,., INDEX 121

Pages of Annual Report (1'ecbnlcal) for the year A&B 1987,1988 1989,1940,1941,1942,1948,19441 1946 -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48

Attracting spurs-the use of-for ... ••• ...... 46 41 91 ••• training a river ups~ream .of a . bri J ge or a Barrage.

Attrition of sand-minimum velo- ... ••• ... 62 ...... city required ror

Augmentation of Bombay City· ••• ...... I• 1& ...... ••• Wate1 JJUpp]y '2

.Auranga River, Training the-to 52 ...... ••• ... protect Bhadeli village, District Surat (Bombay).

Automatic feed for ~aintaining a ••• ...... 65 ... a constant water level.

Automatic gates spill way for the ...... ••• 29-36 Tansa ·Dam-Determination of the coefficient of discharge of the ... B

· Baffle below the toe of ·a fall in a 31 ...... ••• ...... parallel-sided channel-experi- menta to find the optimum posi· .. tion and height of a .

Baffle Jfall-H';trdling over- ...... 30 ... Baffle platforms below 8. W.F.s-. ••• ... 38 ••• Design of-

Jlaffles downstream of S.W.F...... 33 ••• ...... Falls~stability of- . Baffles-Effect of shape of-on ••• ... 33 ...... stability ···-

Baffles to dissipate energy below . .... '· ...... 39 S.W.F.s-Design of- ···-

Bagaha-Gandak River at--on ...... (iii)* 1~ ... the Oudh and Tirhut Railway which has outflanked the bridge ~ -how to divert the-to its original course through the bridge.

Bakshi Khal. ••• ... 13 ... Balta Jheel, and Solani Khadir ...... 2* (""')*m ••• ' ... in U.P.-Director's visit to ·the- 122 lND:IX

Pages of Annual Report ( l'echnioal) for the year B 1987,1988,1989,1940,194111942,1948119441 ~ -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -4S L--..!---.!..-- .Balta Jheel, and Sol ani Khadir ••• 59 scpemes in U.P.-Model experi­ ments in connection with- Baluchistan-Design for a trun- ••• 63 ... · cated trapezoidal S.W. Flume for Spin K are z Project (Quetta). ' Baluchistan - Durrani Outfall 53 22 •.• ...... ••• channel. (Quetta), dissipation of energy m

Baluchistan-Experiments 'with a 46 ...... ••• model of the waste weir channel of the Spin Karez Reser~oir · for Dissipating energy.- .

Baluchistan-:-Profect.ion of retain:­ 8 ing walls from scour by means of repelling spurs (advice . without model experiments. Baluchistan-:-Spin Karez· diver- ••• 65 ...... sion: channel (Quetta).

Barrage-Effect of constructing a 18, 99 -across a river, on bed levels 19 and water levels u/s and d/s, with particular reference to the Indus (Sind). B. B. and C. I. Rail way bridge at ••• 71, Broach-scour caused by left 85 - bank groyne. Beas River Training. _ ... ~·· Beas River - Control o£ - by attracting spurs. - Bed load formulas-Bchoklitsch's ••• ...... 49, and Meyer Peter's and their 50 companson with Station formulas. • Bed materials-attrition of ...... 6 ...... I Bed materials-degradation of ... 6 ...... Bed materials-dilution of ... •• • •• • 6, 'I •. . ' ••• .. . Bed materials-effect of decrease ••• ... ••• 8,9 ... of size down canal in various Lacey formulas. ~NDl!:X 123

Pages of Annual Report (Teobnical) for the year

_.. !! 1987,198811989,19'0119'1119'21194Sf194.,.19'6 I·-ss -89 -40 -41 -42 -4s .Eed mix and.turbulence-relation­ 4- ship between Bed ripples-Formation of ...... 55 Bed ripples and bed waves......

Bed Pand-Factors affecting the 6 ... •~!!• , •• ... .•.. enlueion of ' Dep sand-Vanes, large radius, ... 16 ..... at outfall at Sukkur to exolude- .Bed silt to be laid in model to 39 simulate silt deposited during the cold weather in river.

Eeki, . Balkadoba and Ma'QaB (ii)* 3,69 Rivers-Bow to train and control the-

Bellmouths added u/s and d/s at 17 the top of openings of the Mula River causeway at Rahuri (Dist. Ahmednagar}- Afflux experi­ ments to determine the effect of, on coefficient of discharge.

Bell-mouth entrance of flumes .a•• 29, and falls-side contractions and 32 hnmps-:-· Bengal-estimated scour round ••• 24 piers of the proposed Damodar \ Bridge at Burd wan. Bengal - TidaL model of the ... 18 Hooghly River. ··~ Bengal-Training the Ga_nges at 66 22 23 the Hardinge Bridge (E. B. Ry.) . ·~·

. Bhivpuri scheme recommended 74 for the augmentation of Bombay Water Supply. Bifurcating channels and their ••• 8 ...... characteristics. :Bihar-coefficient of discharge of 25 ...... existing Son Anicut Weir at . Dehri.

Bihar-Coefficient of discharge of ... 2& .••• ' ••• ... ••• High coefficient Weir for• Son Ani cut 124 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Teabniaal) fo,: the year B 19S7119S8119S911940119411194211948119•41 1946 -88 -89 -40 -41 -U -48 . Bihar-Controlling erosion of the 83 ... , "Bur Gandak" river at Sikan­ darpur in Muzaffarpur Division.

Bihar-Ejectors for canals taking ...... 43 off the Son at Dehri-Head available for working the- Bihar-Prevention of scour at .... 21 junction of high level, high coefficient weir an:d low level, falling shutter portion of the Son Anicut. Bihar-Prevention of scour down­ 21 stream of Son Anicut sluices. Bihar-Protection u/s of sluices 21 and along the divide walls of the Son anicut. Bihar - Remodelling the Son ... 19 anicut at Dehri. Bihar-Siphon spillway for the 27 27 ... Jamshedpur water supply ~tor­ age, T~tailagar. Bihar-Son anicut at Dehri-Pre­ 40 ... sent method of regulating the- Bihar-Son river at Dehri-sand 41 58 drawn by the canals and under-· sluices u/s of the anicut.

Bilot creek and Paharpur canal- ••• 32 ••• Analysis of data. Blanketing ... 1L Block and Stone protection­ ... 50 ... Experiments to determine scale . effect for equivalent size and specific gravity of Bombay Presidency - Affiux 17 experiments to determine the effect of bellmouths added to top of openings of •he Mula 1·iver causeway at Rahuri. Bombay Presidency, Ahmedabad 62 water supply from Sabarmati ~iver - measures propQsed to Improve the INDEX U5 \ Pages of Annual Beport (Techoical) for the year B 1937,1938,1989,194011941119421194811944,1945 . -18 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 .

Bombay Presidency-Design' of a ... 25 ••• ...... high coefficient weir for the . pick-:up weir across the Mala- prabha river at Shivyogamandir, Bijapur District.

Bombay Preaidency-Dissipating 84 ••• ...... ' Ill ... ••• energy below masonry waste weir of the Timba Tank at Harso], TalukaPrantaj, Ahmed- - abad. · · Bombay Presidency - Effect of ••• 58 ...... ua ...... canal closure on weed growth in the Mutha R. B. Canal (Poona) during the cold weather season.

Bombay Presidency-Eradication 1 ••• ...... of water· weeds in Deccan ·canals. :Bombay Presidency-Fluming of 32 ...... the Godavari R.B. and L.B. Head regulators, with bell- mouth u/s and expansion d/s. Bombay Presidency - Flumed ...... "56 ...... design of outlet for Dharma storage reservoir, Dharwar.

Bombay Presidency-Measuring 51 ...... ••• device at the head of the Mutha ... R.B. Canal (Poona), Bombay Presidency-Prevention 23 ...... of scour d/s of Gima Canal .. aqueduct No. 4.

Bombay Presidency-Raising the 39 ... 21 ...... ••• ... waste weir at Lake .Arthur Hill, Bhandardara, with High Coeffi· cient weir.

Bombay Presidency-Training the 52 - ••• ••• ••• ... · .Auranga River to ~rotect Bha- deli village, Diet. u~t. Bombay Presidency-Training 14· ••• ...... the Mula river a hove Rahuri ...... causeway. Bombay Presidency--Training the 81 19 ... nala passing through Aqueduct ...... 14 of the Nira R.B. Canal. INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Teehoical) for the yeat B 19S711938119S91194Uil941119l2ll9!Sil9!411946 -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -43 I Bombay Presidency- Training 19 ... the Sina River· with causeway at mile 5 of Ahmednagar Man­ mad Road. Bombay Presidency- Training 77 16 ... the Watrak river to protect ··~· Kaira town, Gujerat. Bombay Presidenqy-Unsuitabi- 59 ...... lity of proposal for siphon spill- way over the waste weir of Lake Arthur Hill at Bhandar· dara. .. Bombay ( Ahm~dabad ) - Khari •• • (11). ••• ... river ·at Raipur near--how to prevent out-flanking of Barrage on- Bombay City Water supply - ... augmentation of - Bombay Engineering Congress­ 4 Paper on "The C .. I. and -H. R. Station, Khadakwasla'' read by A. R." Thomas. Bombay foreshore ,__Prevention ... "' 1* of erosipn on-and reclamation of land bearing 8. No. 71, part of Juhu and creek-land. Bombay, Nira L.B. Canal-Jeur ••. (ii)• ... aqueduct on the - Discharge formula for.

•) Bose's Dr., slope formula, for ••• t.l Punjab Canals. Boulevard on right . bank down· stream of Rail way bridge at Delhi. Boundary layer and inlet length 52 of open channels. Brahmaputra and the proposed 44: 23 ...... Eastern Bengal Rail way Bridge at Amingaon-experiments with a model of. Brahmaputra bed sand at Amin- 44 ...... ··" gaon-Analysis of INDEX 127

Pages of Annual Report (Technical)- for the Jear B 1987,1988,198911940,194111942,1948,1944 ~ -~ ~~ -~ ~1 -~ ~8

Brahmaputra bridge near Amin· • •• ••• ••• (11")* ... gaon-design of

"Brahmaputra-whether river ghat ... ••• ''(")*11 ••• ·on-likely to he eroded. Breaoh in Right Guide Bank of 72 ... the Hardinge Bridge on the Ganges-reproduction of . Breaches · in the Damodar Len ...... 7 Bank Embankment d/s of Burdwan (Bengal). Breaches in the Damodar River---: Ci)* ... proposals to prevent a recur­ rence of damage resulting from breaches in the- Br.eaches in the marginal bunds ...... (ii)* of the Indus above Sukkur­ Rohri-Quett~ Railway­ . Realignment o£ the-neces· sitated by the danger of--

Breaches in River Bunda in Sind ... 1• 10, -Technical enquiry into the . 20 · causes of and steps required to minimize the danger of recur­ rence.

Bridge on Beas River near Beas Station on the N. W. Railway on Lahore-Ludhiana section.

Bridge piers-Comparison of scour 87 ••• • •• & ••• round the, at Hardinge Bridge and in model.. · ·

Bridge piers-Disoharg~ causing ' ... ' ... &5 ...... • •• . ~allure of protection of. . Bridge piers_;Effect of width of ••• ••• ' 37 ...... protection round,-on scour. Bridge piers-Effect of qigh level ... 31 ...... pitching laid round, on the depth of d/s scour. Bridge piers-..:·Influence of u/s bed ...... ·~· ... ••• level and material of bed on maximum scour at-. Bridge piers-Protection of, 89 35 ...... ••• against scour. ·12S lND:JX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year B&C 1987,1988,1989119401194111942119431194411946 I-88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -43 Bridge piers--:Protection of, ... 12 . against scour and minimum safe level at which to lay stone around piers. ' Bridge piers- Suitable shapes of 9 cut-and ease-waters of. Bridges submersible-C. P. .... 81 Broach-Scour caused by left bank ... t• 77, groyne of the B.B. & C.L Rail- 85 way Bridge at- _,.... Bruckner curve for sunspot num- •••.1, ...... ' ... ••• 86-81 hers. · .1' Brushwood groynes, effective· in ...... 25 eliminating "bellies" and return floW'with "jetting" prevented by lowering pavement.

Bukkur island in the Indus acts ••• J ••• ... 97 as an attracting island. . Bulk proportionality an~ height of ...... 44 ... humr.-'-Relation between-..

c

Calibration of a flumed bridge ...r near Pimpra on the Nira L. B. Canal in Bombay· Province. Calibration of S. W. F. without 43 ... side contraction. Canal closures-Effect of, on weed 58 growth in the Mutha R. B. .. Canal (Poona) during the cold. weather season. .. Canals at Sukkur - Right and ,. • ... 21 Left Bank, difference in the behaviour of- Canals, eradication of weeds from 7 ... -during closures.

Canals and distributaries-Ex- 6 ...... elusion of sand from the head of.- Jl'DE:X 129

Pages of Annual Report ( reohnioal) for the year c 1987,198811939,194011~41,194211943119441 1945 I- -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 '----!-__.!...-- Ca~als-Experiments in connec• 60 50 ...... tion with seepage losses from Canals in Sind-Design of-Part ...... 21 ••• .. . I-New Canals and Part II­ . Inundation CanaJs. Canal system type of slope ...... 9 ... formula.

Catchment chuacteristics. ... 84 •••

Catchment Area and silting of 82 ••• • •• reservoirs - Relation between the- .

Catchment, shape of and its effect 5 •••" 38 ••• ... on the maximum flood run-off. · Catchments m India - run-off ... 5 ...... from Causes of accretion of river bed at 99 Sukkur Barrage and how to reduce rate of-Rise, Part I. Causes of accretion of the river ...... 59-66 bed at Sukkur Barrage and how to reduce rate of rise-Part TI._ • Causes leading to erosion of the ...... ••• 14 left bank of the Rupnarain River u/s of the Kolaghat bridge on the B.N. Railway.

Causes of floods in Sind. ••• ...... 12 ••• ... Cauvery river-Madras, accretion 54 ...... of sand in the· Grand Anicut · Canal Cawnpore Elecbio Supply Corpo- ••• ...... s• ration - How to secure an · adequate supply of water for the river-side power station of the- C~wnpore Water Supply-Effect .... ••• ' 1~ ... of changes in the position of 15 the Ganges on- Cement-sand plaster __; Rugosity ... 59 ...... of, in rigid channels I .. Central . island or spur for river ... ••• ...7 47 ·97 , •• training. ' 180 lN'DB:X:

I PogM of Annuol "''"' (Toocn;ool) '" tho 1,., - 0 1937,1938,198911940119411194211948,19441 194~ -88 -39 -40 -41 -42 -48

· Central Provinces-form drag of •• • (iii). ... cylinders i:ri connection with bridge foundations for-. Ceylon-advice regarding probable ... 2• ... maximum run-off from catch- menta in- Ceylon-advice regarding water- 2* way of bridges in""- Channel experiments -Inlet ... 62 34 ...... length.

Channel flow- Lacey. th~ory ·.. of- 3 shock-in Channel shape-coherence as it 3 ...... affects:- Channels -alluvial-factqra affec- 45 50 33 ting flow in Channels bifurcating and their 8 ,, .. characteristics.

Chan nels -- Effect of method 33. followed in regulating d/s watef levels on shape of.

Channels-F a· c to r s affecting ••• 22 ...... shapes of Channels - off-taking - effect ...... 14 of meanders of pa.rent channel on

Ch~nnels-Punjab and Sind data ... 2 21 ...... of-Analysis of- Channels- Wave and surge 58 3 ...... velocities in Charge-Natural regime sand 4: ......

Charge of sand and termint~.l ... 50 33 ... ••• velocity-Rate of deposition of sand as governed by the- Charge: N.V. relation ...... 50 8, ...... (N =charge ; V. =terminal velo- 33 city). Chashma near Indus-Cause of ... (ii)* ... ••• change of course of, and how to control 131

Pages of Annual Report (l'echnfcal) for the year c 1987,1988 19119,1940,194:111U2jt94:81194:4:1194:6 · I-S8 ... s9 ... 4:o ... n ... 4:2 -4:s · Chenab river near Wazirabad- ••• ...... •.. (I)• ... Alexandra Bridge o'er the­ ' .. steps ;equired to prevent damage to the Rail way Em­ bankment west of the

Chos A.ct passed by the Punjab ••• ••• ... 3 - ••• Govt. for afforestation •. Cistern ..:. Design· ·of _;_ below ...... ••• sn, -- .... - flumes. 40 Classification of ripples and waves. ••• ... 64 ... Clay and sand:-Behaviour of 75 an apron laid on ·alternate· layers of Closing' of spills on right bank u/s ••• ...... 81 of Hope Bridge led to heavy erosion of the Rander Road.

Coefficient of discharge of drowned 47 ... ' ... weirs... . Coefficient of discharge - Effect ••• ••• .. 26 ••• ... of drowning, skew flow, scale ·effect and falling shutters of the Son Anicut, Dehri, on·. ·

Coefficient of discharge, effect of ••• . 47 ...... surface roughneas on the

Coefficient of discharge of existing - 25 24 ... ••...... :. Son Anicut weir at. Dehri. Ooefficient of form drag-scale ••• 29 ...... effect on

Coefficient of discharge:-increa- 82 ...... sing the-by adding bellmouth u/s and expansion d/s of the Head Regulators ol · Godavari Right and Left Bank Canals (.Bombay). Coefficient of discharge of Ganesh ... ••• ••• ••• '72-18· Jyer's volute siphon-Factors affecting the- Coefficient of discharge of High ••• ... 45 42 ·••• ...... Coefficient weir. Coefficient. of discharge of High ...... 25 ••• ~· Coefficient weir for the Son ... Anicut at Dehri. 132 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Tecbnioal) for the year c 1987119881198911940119411194211948119!41 1946 - 88 -39 ~ 40 -41 -42 -48

Coefficient of discharge-of siphon 27 27 spill way for J amshedpur water . supply storage with and tcithout • baby t.iphon and with and withou~ air inlet.

Coefficient of discharge of Stand­ 92' ing· Wave Flume. Coefficient of discharge of Stand­ 59 94 i~g wave Flumes- Effect of p1ers on Coefficient of discharge of Nira 95 L.B. Canal Head Regulator•. Coefficient of discharge of the 29-36 automatic gates spillway for the Tansa Dam-Determination of the- Coefficient of discharge of under­ 24 ... sluices of the Son Anicut at. Dehri (Bihar). Coefficient of discharge - with 25 gates a.bovtl water level (Son­ Anicut).

Coefficient of discharge - with 26 C"•. • ... gates partially open and f-ree flow djs (Son Anicut). Coefficient of form drag (submer­ 52 ...... sible bridges). Coefficient of · High coefficient 39 ·weir for the waste weir of Lake Arthur Hill, Bhandardara (Bombay).

Coherence as it affects channel 3 shape. • Cold weather silting in the river 38 -bed silt laid in model to simulate the. Collapse of Rohri-Multan Road ...... Bridge over Rohri canal at RD. 52,000 in Sind-Preven­ tion of--

Committee - ~ombay Water ••• ••• (ii)• ... Supply augmentation- JliDEX 133

Pages of Annual Report ( J'echnical) for the year c l9S7,19S8,19S91194011941,1942[19'SI19441 1946 -ss -89 -40 -41- -42 -4s 1 · ------~~~~--~~ Committee Damodar-Technical ...... 1& ...... and J o i n t committees by 2• Government of India and Flood Enquiry Committee by Govem­ me~t of Bengal.

Committee-Delhi Water Supply ... ••• ... ••• t ••• -appointed by th~ Government of India. Comparison of sites for the Lower ...... 55 ••• Sind B~rrage. Comparison of various schemes ••• ...... 71 ••• for the augmentation of Bombay Water Supply. Construction of a 500 ca. Standing ...... Wave flume in Jodhpur State. ' Control blocks and deflectors in ...... •••. 36 flumes-Design of- ~·· Control deterioration of the Maha· ...... nadi group of rivers at Cuttack ~··· (Urissa)-~ow to- · Control, how to and train the ...... (ii)* .. .. Beki Balkadoba and Manas Rivers (Assam.) Controlling erosion of the "Bur 83 ...... Gandak" river at Sikandarpur_ m the Muzaffarpur Division (Bihar). ·

Controlling sand entering canals­ ...... 51 ••• Design of Lower Sind Barrage ... ·~· • at HajipUl-

Control of Beas .river by a,ttrac-' · ... (ii)* ...... ting spurs.

Control of the Beki, Balkadoba ...... ~ •.;, 3,69' .. ., and Manas group of ·rivers on B. & A. Rail way in Assam. Control of erosion due to littoral ··~ ...... •.. , (ii)'* .. .., drift.

Control of ercsion:_ of Kshipra ••• ...... ••• ..., ~i)• !,* .... river at U jjain. · · . 6

Control of flow through bridges by ...... ~ ••• (~11''")* ••• • •• · meaps of islands and groynes. 184 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (TeoLnical) for the year 0 1937119381'193911940119411194211948119441 1946 I-38 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 ------~--~-----~--~--~--~~--~--~-~--~ Control of sand entering the 82 ... .. ' Vadavat channel of the Lower Ooleroon system (Madras Presi• dency). Control of sand injection and sand 67 .. ,_ ...... and ,silt in suspension in the Ganges model above the Har­ dinge Bridge.

Control of scour belo·w falls. 27 28 ... ••• ••• Control of the Jumna River at ... Tajewala by means of spurs. · · Control of pebbles and sand enter.;; ...... 19 ... ing the Sarda ~ain canal by constructing a regulator in the short Banbassa spur.

Control of sand entering the 6 16 19 \ Mithrao and Khipro Oanals­ •. Ex-Nara River at Makhi, Sind. ' Cont1·ol of sand entei.ing the Right 26 4 12 13 16 ... .. ~ ... Bank Canals at Sukkur. Control. of Sur Lake sea-cut with •• ; ... 65 ...... marginal embankments (Oris sa', proposed temporary dry mason- ry sill for--:- Controlling the sand entering the 20 ... 41 58 canals - off Son Anicut at Dehri (Bihar). Crump effect...... Crump's original ' design of ...... 29 ... S.W.F. Crump's theory of seepage losses 60 ...... from canals,o - Current meters and velocity rods ... 61 ...... -Oomparsion of discharges calculated from velocities obser­ ved with

Curvature of flow--unfavourable ••• ••• ...... ' ... -established in the model of Lower Sind Barrage when constructed at site "C" in the loop. DlDE~ 185

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year c 19S7ll388119891 1940 1941 11942 11948 ,l9H 11U6 ' -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48

· Cut-off channel-new-factors ...... 69 favourable for-opening a- '(i) curvature of :Bow u/s; · (ii) relative slope d/s of· the ••• ...... bifurcation ; and I · (iii) relative discharges. Clilt-off in the Malaprabha below ...... 10 ...... RailwayiBridge on Gadag-Sha- lapul' line near Alur Station and its effect on conditi~n u/s. - . Cut-offs . in nvers upstream of ...... 4:7 ...... bridges with guide banks. Cut-offs in the vicinity of Railway ... 12 ... Bridges-prediction of- Cut- and ease-waters. of bridge 9 ...... piers-suitable sl;lapes for- Curvature of :Bow-Effect of-on ... 83 ...... causing maximum scour roung a pier.

Curvature of :Bow. • 12,16, 12,13, 4,6,7, 8,32, 7,8, 83-85 18,19, 15,16, 10,11, 83,3", 10,13, 24,88, 18,19, 13,14. 37,39; 20,23, 20,23, 18,19, 40,47. 55,58, 32. ~0,~1,. 69,74, 46,51, 84,81, 58. 97 •.

Curvature of :Bow due to pitching ••• ...... 12 ...... round piers.

Curvature of :Bow in the approach ••• ...... is ...... channel along new right bank at Sukk~Dredging to im- prove--

Curvature-reproduction of-in a ••• . ... ••• ••• 59 ... ••• model.

Cut-off between Bakshi Khal and ...... 13 •.ct. Mankur Khal, 1856.

Curvature of :Bow in the throat of ...... -. SQ-85 a standing wave :flume.·

Cuttack, Orissa - Katjuri and ...... 81 ••• .... Mahanadi group of rivers near- Experiments with a model of ..._ the- 136 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year C&D 198711938119S911940I194lll94211948\l944l 194a -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -4S

Cuttaok (Orissa)- Kendrapara ... ••• (111···)· ••• ... canal taking off Birupa River u/s of .M:ahanadi Anicut at­ How to prevent silting of- Cuttack -Mahanadi and ••• 37 Katjuri at-Distribution of flood waters. between-

Cuttack (Orissa)- Naraj we1r .-•• 38 at- standingwave~mddrowned condition of the-and their effect on the sand di-awn by the Kat.juri

D Damage m 1944 to the Surat­ 87 Rander Road and the City wall of Surat d/s of the Hope Bridge at Surat and recjmmendations to amelio1·ate present condi­ tions. I Damage to lands borderi.r.g on the - ••• ... 84 Tapti, Narbada and Sabar- - mati riv·ers during 1944 flood season. Damodar bridge proposed at Burd­ 24 ... wan (Eengal>-estimated scour at piers of. Damodar River _Flood Enquiry ... (i), 5, . Committee

Damodar River, Bengal-propo..:_ ••• sal s to prevent a recurrence of damage resulting from breaches in the-

Danger of water-logging in the ••• ...... • •• - Eastern Nara Tract in Khairpur State in Sind. 131

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the yaar D 198711988,1989,19401194111942 194S,l9t41 ~ • 88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 .

Darkeswar river ••• ... . ••• ••• ...... 13 ••• ·Dates of beginning of depletion ...... 73 ... from Lake Tansa, Bombay­ years 1896 to 1944. Dates of break of monsoon at ••• ...... 73 .••• Tansa Lake (Bombay)-years 1896 to 1944. Datum area 1,000 ft. d/s of Suk- ••• ... ••• i02 kur Barrage before Right Bank approach channel ·was con­ structed and after. · Deccan canals-Growth of aqua- 7 ...... tio weeds in the .

Deccan canals-Varieties of aqua- ·7 •o• · ••• eeo tic weeds on · .

Deccan fan catchment flood for- ••• ' ...... 37 ... _mula taking shape into account. .Deep scour d/s of the N. W. Rail- ••• ••• - ••• 23 ... way Bridge over the N.W. Canal near Ruk, Sind-experimbnts carried out to evolve a suitable · design of pavement and side expa:p.sion to induce accretion. ... Deflecting g r o y n e-Measures •• • ... ' 5-7 taken to control erosion of· the left bank of the Rupnarain u/s of the B.N. Rly: Bridge at Kolaghat oy means of a~

Deflector for protecting the bed •• • ,...... 40 .... of the pavement of S. W.F.s and baffle falls-Design of- Degradation of sand-l!lee abra- · 51 47 40 ·41 6 62 sian of sa~d.

Dehri

Dehri-Ejectors for canals taking ... f'•• ... 43 • •• off the Son at-Head available for working the- 188 lNDEl:

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year D i9871193Sil939ll94ull~4lll9l2119t8II9t4ll94o -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 ----~--~------~~~~~~~------~--~~----·~----

Dehri-Groyne with a regulator •.• ... 23 58 ••• I • to reduce sand entry from M. W. Canal at- ' Dehri on Son (Bihar)-Remodel­ ... 19 20 14 ... ling the anicut Dehri on Son (Bihar)-Protection .... 21 ...... u/s of the -sluices and along the divide walls.

Dehri' on the Son (Bihar)-Pre· 20 20 vention of scour d/s of sluices. Dehri on Son (Bihar)-Prevention 21 ...... of scour at junction of high l&vel weir and low level falling sh~tter portion of Son anicut weir. Dehri,on ·Son (Bihar}-sand ex­ 14 40 58 ... cluding heads for the M.E. · Canal and M. W. Canal on the- Dehri on Son (Bihar)-Coefficient 25 ... ••• ..58 of discharge of weir. Dehri-Son Anicut at-Control­ 20 ... ling the sand entering the canals. Delhi Gate Pumping Station­ . .. 43-48 Training of Jumna River at­ with pitched embankment on the right bank. Delhi Province-Training of the 52 ... Jumna near Pallia village.

Delhi to Okhla weil·-Road along ~·· 56 ... ••• the Jumna river from Delhi-Training of the J umna 65 ... 55 1.* ·s ... at· Delhi Gate Pumping (iii) Station. Delhi-WaZirabadPumpingStation ... 56 3 miles upstream of the Rail­ way Bridge on the right bank of the J umna. Delhi Water Supply Committee .••• ...... 1* 5 ... appointed by the Government of India. • INDEX 133

P•gea of Annual Report (Technical) for the Jear D 19S7,1DS8,19S9,19401194111942,1948119t4,1945 .. as -89 -40 .u -42 -48

Deltaic rivera-Deterioration of, ...... • 7 Experiments with a model ·of - the Nona nnd Pothi Rivers in the Mahanadi" Delta (Orissa).

Deltaic rivers-Embankments for ••• ... •••" .... controlling- Deltaic rivers-Factors affecting 7 ... the- . Denudation, erosion & floods ... 3 Denudation-soil-excess sand · ••• 5 charge due to- Deposition: N.V. relation 50 8,33 ...... (N= charge; V. =terminal velocity). Depriming device of the Jam­ 26 26 shedpur siphon spillway.

Design of a stilling basin d/s of ••• ••• ...... the overflow section of the ·main Erin para Dam in Jodhpur State. \ · I Design of approach channel. of ...... fl1imes and falls.

Design of canals, in Sind, 21 ' ... . Part I -New canals and Pad II-Inimdation canala. Design of channels ufs of 31 S. W. F.s; · Design of cistern below flumes. 36, 40 Design of downstream portion of ... 35 ... S.W. Flumes, standard design -where very high recovery of • head is not essential.

Design of downstream portions of •• ... 37 ... S.W. Flumes, standard design -where it is important to lose as little head as possible. Design of guide banks and divide ...... 22 ...... walls . downstream of the new undersluices of the Son at Dehri (Bihar). 140 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for tho year . D 193711938,1939119~0,1941,1942,1943,19441 l9i~ -88 -39 -'o -41 -42 -43 Design of the Lower Sind Bar· ... ••• 48·59 rage-Experiments to test the design for scour and sand exclusion from canals-Sind.

Design of Lower Sind Ban·age at 4, 6, Hajipur. 55 ' Design of new canals in Sind­ 27 ... recommendations for bed width, depth, slope-

Design of off-take at the entrance ••• to the right pocket from the approach channel at Sukkur-... Desilting ansi dredging of Tanks ... ••• in Sangli State.

Detention :reservoirs and their 8 ••• effect on fluctuation in discharge and sand charge. '

Determination of the coefficient of ...' 29-36 .discharge of - the automatic gates spillway for the Tansa. Dam.

Determination of the variable co­ ••• .••• 94 efficient of the 10,595 cs. Tando Mastikhan Fall on the Rohri Canal, Sind. ... 105 Device to ensure stilling before ••• ••• ••• · water is let into a model.

Dharamtar, Rewas and Karanja 1* ~Landing wharves at- Dharma Storage Reservoir, Dhar­ 56 ... war ( Jlombay Presidency) - Flumed design of outlet for. • Dickens' run-off formula ... 67 Difficulties experienced in river ...... 110- model experiments due to effects 115 caused by vertical exaggeration. Difficulties in combined, rigid, 4 2 ...... mobile, meandering, r i v e r models.

Difficulties met in experiments 16 with model of the Indus at Sukkur Barrage. INDEX 'Ul

¥ages of Annual Repor& (Teohnical) for the year D 19S7,19S8,19S911940119411194211948119i41 1945 -88 -89 -40 -U ~42 -48 J

Dilution of bed materials...... 6 ... 'Dimensions of Gibb modules- ••• 4; ••• ...... '!'able of- Discharges calculated from vela· 61 ...... cities observed with current meters and velocity rods - comparison of. Discharge causing failure of pro­ ...... 35 tection round bridge piers. Discharge coefficient of S. W.F.s ...... 59 -effect of piers on. ~·· Discharge of rivers-Calculation 7 ...... of (a) at weirs and (b) by slope. methcrcJ.

Discharges available for scouring ... 19 ••• ••• • ~· ••• .I ·~· ••• the R. B. approach channel at Sukkur.

Discharges, s~ouring - Testing 15 ... ••• f ••• .... apron with, in- the pocket a~d tail channels at Sukkur.

Discharge 'fable of S. W. Flumes ... ••• ••• -34 ••• and Falls.

Dissipation of energy below falls. 27 28 29 31 ••• .29

Dissipation of energy d/s of Lower ••• ...... ••• 9-11: Sind Barrage ( 2400 It. ti/s of site B near Hajipur)-Experi­ ments in connection with-

Dissipation of energy-alternative .. . ' .... "20 .... de3ign s of baffle platform d/s of the Jamshedpur siphon spill• way for- ... Dissipating energy below the 84 ...... masonry waste werr of the Timba 'fank at Harsol, Taluka Prantaj, District Ahmedab~d.- 33 Dissipating energy below W type ••• ...... ··~ fall in old Etawah Branch of the Delhi Canal (U.P.). - Dissipating energy in Spin Karez 46 ...... Waste Weir channel, Quetta, Baluchistan. 142 INDEX

I Pages of Annual Report (Teobuical) for the year D 1987,1988,198911940119~1119!211948,19441 1946

·~ -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48

Distributaries and canals-Exclu~ 6 sion of sand from the head of- Divergence experiments. 56 41 ... Divergence from regime in stable ... 30 ... channels in alluvium-analysis of 10 sites on distributaries of the Sarda Main Canal (U.P.). Divergence from regime in stable ...... 3 ...... channels in alluvium-Note on, by the Director. Diversion channel of Spin Karez, · 65 Quetta .(Baluchistan). · . ·

Dock-How to reduce waves in a 66 -caused by swell in a harbour

Dominant diecharge and meander ...' 47 ... len~th. Downstream expansions - Rect- ...... 35, angular Hyperbolic U.P. design . . 37, adopted in flumes and falls. 40 Drag causing scour of pitching ... 12 round piers. . Drag-form-due to shape of slab ... 29 49, or pier obstructing the flow. 51 Drag d~e to skin friction...... 29 Drainage channels of the Damo- _ ...... 13 dar River. Dredging to improve curvature of ... 18 ... flow in the approach channel along R.B. at Sukkur.

Dr. Bos~'s slope formula. ..• ••• ... 2 Dunbar Cotton Mill-Training the ...... 11-18 Hooghly River at;-with a by· pass channel. Dunbar Mill - Longitudinal and ...... - 7 cross row of piles at the-to enable accretion and silting to take place. Dunbar Mill on the Hooghly- ... 18 23 IS ... 7 ... Erosion of bank near the, how to prevent, by a tidal modeL INDEX 143

Pages of Annual Beport ('l'ecbnloal) for the year · 198711988,1989,1940,1941,194211948,19441 1946 -88 -39 -40 -41 -42 -48 ' .

Durrani Outfall Channel (Quetta) 53 22 . -Dissipation of energy .below.

·E Ease-and cut-waters of bridge ... 9 ... _ piers-suitable shapes for.

Eastern and Western Jumna ••• ~·· 91 .••• Canals-Headworks at Taje­ wal~ ' Eastern Bengal Railway Bridge · 44 23 ...... at Amingaon on Brahmaputra­ Experiments with a model of the

Eastern Bengal Railway Bridge · 66 · 22 23 .... -~· ..... at Amingaon on Brahamaputra -Experiments with a model of the Ganges at Hardinge Bridge.

Eastern Be'ngal Rail way Bridge ••• 68 ••• •a.3 at Amingaon on Brahmaputra­ Sluices 'in Railway embank·· menta for Abdulpur Naw~~obganj Ra~lway. ·

.- Eastem.Nara 6 ... : '.... ' .... Easte:in Nara and Rohri Canals 35 (Sind)-Fluctuations of grade. of materials exposed on the beds of- Effect of constructing a barrage ••• ...... 17- 99 ... across a river on bed levels anCl water levels u/s and d/s with · particular reference to the Indus (Sind). Effect of closing the Head Regul- · ... 35 ator of the Rohri Canal (Sind) from the top down wards, on the canal regimen:· Effect of constructing a trench d/s •••. 61 of a soil dam on the saturation line. Effect of high level bridge pave- ••• ...... 23 ... ment on scour d/s of the Rail­ way bridge on the N.W. canal . at Ruk, Sind. INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (.loohnical) for the year E 1987119881198911940119411194~11948119441 1946 I-88 -89 .-40 ~-41 -42 -48 '-----''--___:.__ Effect of shape of catchment on 68 the run-off. Effect ·of staunching due to 63 silting upstream of the Solani ... dam. Effect of storages in Tons and 94 Giri catchments on supplies - m the J umna during flood season and regeneration in the fair season. Effect of variation of u/s and d/s 61 water levels of the Solani Khadir dam model on Hy­ draulic gradients. or saturation - lines. · Effect of · high level pitching laid 31 ... round Hardinge Bridge piers on the d~pth of d/s scour. Effect of m€ thod followed m 33 ... regulating d/s water levelR on shape of channels. Effect of residual turbulence on 33 rate of deposition of sand. Effect of shape of baffles on .•.. 33 stability. Effect of shortening Barrage on 3 accretion in the Indus d/s of Sukkur Barrage.

Effect of size distribution of parti­ ... 56 ou cles, specific gravity, charge of bed sand and discharge, on ripples.

Ejectors and Excluders-Reasons - ••• 17 ••• why-unsuitable at Sukkur. Ejectors for canals taking off the ... 43 · Son at Dehri (Bihar) Head available for working the-

Ekruk Tank.!Bombay;-silting of 32 reservoirs with special reference to th-r-

Elutriator-sand and silt-grad­ 64: ing· sand and silt by washing. l:RDBX · 145

I Pog" ol Annual Bopon (T.. hnlool) fo• tho J"' E 19S7,19S81193911U01194111942119431 U44 1945 -SS -89 -40 -41 -i2 -43 Embankment near Nanpara (U.P.) ...... 2. .... to divert the whole of the Saraju river int'o the Gograi, · thus preventing spill flowing in~Q the Saraju Tirhi channels. Embankments for controlling ...... 1 ... deltaic: rivers. Emperical run-off formulas ...... 67 Energy dissipation below masonry 84 ...... waste weir of the Timba Tank .at Harsol, Taluka Prantaj, Dist. Ahmedabad.

Energy dissipation below Spin 46 ... ••• ...... Karez waRte weir channel (Baluchistan).

Energy dissipation below" Stand- 27 I 28' 29 31 ••• ...... 29 ing Wave :nume Falls. Engineering Congress (Bombay)- ... 4 ... Paper on the "C.I. and H.R. Stn., Khadakwasla" by A. R. Thomas,, Dy. Director.

Engineering Congress (Punjab)- ...... 5 ··•. ••• ••• ...... Written discussion by the Direc:i- tor on paper 24 6 "Rainfall and run-off". · ' ....._,

-Do-Paper ~76 (1946) "River ...... 97 .... Training and Control by Pitched ('Attracting') islands,•. Enquiries dealt with,. without 81 52 55 62 13 ... (i), 1 , ex periment.s. 1 Entry conditions of models. ••• -- ....._4 ...... • Entry conditions of model of the 61 22 ...... ••• ... Ganges at Hardinge Bridge. Equivalent size and specific ...... 115- gravity of stones and blocks in 116 a model.

Eradication of water weeds from 7- ...... •••. Canals. ···- Erinpura Irrigation and Hydro- ...... 2• ... electrical Project siphon spill- ways in Jodhpur State. INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year E 193711938119391l~t0119illl9421194S 19441 19t6 I-38 -39 -40 -41 -42 -(3 Erol!ion at Neamati in Assam- ••• ... 3• •.• Prevention of-

Erosion at Ratnagiri - How to ...... ••• (11"")• ... improve conditions and prevent further- Erosion at Vizgapatam foreshore ••• a• ... -prevention of- .

Erosion·- control of- due to ••• ...... I (ii)• .... . littoral drift. · Erosion, denudation and floods. ... 3 ...... Erosion just u/s of the B.N. Rly. ••• (iii). 13 ... Bridge over the R_upna.rain River-How to check d~nger- ous- • Erosion of agricultural lands along 2,3, ••• the Tapti, Narbada, and Sabar­ 5, mati Rivers-Prevention of- 84. Erosion of Kshipra nver at .,. (ii)• 2* ,5 ... Ujjain-Control of~ I Erosion . of Spur 2 in the Indus .... 3• ·River near. Umerkhel-action · to be take~iegarding. Erosion of the "Bur Gandlrlt" 83 ... River at Shikandarpur 1n, Muza1farpur DiVIsion (Bihar)­ Controlling the Erosion of the right bank of the •.•. (ii)• Indus above Rohri and danger of breach of the main line, N.W. Railway. Erosion - Prevention of - on 1 ... Bombay Foreshore and recla­ mation of land bearing S. No. 71, part of Juhu and creek-land; Estimated depth of scour at ... bends. Estimation of the maximum flood ...... 89 ••• discharge during 1944 by various methods and comparison with the fan catchment formula. Excluders and Ejectors-Reasons ••• ...... 11 ...... • why-~o~uitable at Sokkor. 147

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year · E&F· . 1937,19S8,193911940119U 1194211943,194:41194:6.. I-88 -89 -4:0 -4:1 -4:2 -4:3 . Exclusion of bed sand from ~nals 6 ... ·~· ...... and distributaries - factors affecting_ the

Exclusion of bed sand from the 84 ...... - J amrao Canal. Exclusion of bed sand with a _21. ~·· ...... model of Faizwah Head Regu-· lator-Ex-Khairpur Feeder West (Sind). - Exclusion of sand from canals ... l)8 ... taking off the Son river in Bihar. Experiments in· connection with .-.. 9-11 dissipation of energy da.wn­ stream of Lower Sind ·Barrage j2400 ft. upstream of site B near Hajipur). . · Experiments to determine a ••• ... 22- suitable profile of· the Lower - .29 Sind Barrage to ca.nse minimum afilux with gates fully open.

Experiments with a vertically ••• exaggerated model (1/400,1/66) of ·the Mahanadi and its bran­ ches at Cuttack COrissa).

F Factors affecting deltaic rivers...... ••• 3 7,8 •.. - ' Factors affecting exclusion of bed 6 .... sand from canals. Factors affecting flow in alluvial ...... 50 33 ... Channels.

Factors affecting growth of aqua- 1 •.. ·... ••• ••• . •• . ... ••• •.. tic weeds in Deccan Canals. Factors affecting meander of · 51 channels. . ...

Factors affecting range of Gibb 2 60 ...... modules. . ...

Factors affecting silting" and 6 ••• ...... scouring of channels"-Note for the Orissa Flood Advisory Committee on · "Our present knowledge of the 148 IND:IX

Pages Annual Report (Technical) for the year 198711938,1988,19~0119,1 11942119~8119441 1946 I-88 -89 -40 -U -t2 -iS

Factors affecting the coefficient of ••• 12- discharge of Ganesh Iyer's 78. volute siphon. Factors affecting the shape and 56 dimensions of ripples & waves. Factors favourable for opening 1 a new cut off channel (i) curvature of :ftow u/s. J (ii) Relative slope d/s of the 69 bifurcalion. . (iii) .Relative discharges. Factors various, scale effect of, 5 4 on models. Fair weather and freshet· spring 17 tides in the Rupnarain River at Kolaghat Rly. Bridge · on the B.N. Railway in 1944 and in its mobile bed model. Faizwah Head Re11ulator, Ex- 21 ,_.. ... Khairpur Feeder West--(Sind)­ sand-exclusion experiments with a model of Fall-Experiments with a model 27 28 29 31 •.. of falls on the Montgomery Pakpattan Link (Punjab). ' Fall in parallel-sided channel- 31 · ..• ... E-s:periments to find the opti- mum position and height of a baffle below the toe of a Falling aprons-characteristics of 70 ... , -Conditions in 72 ... " which they fail

, II -Effect of dispo- 71 3 7 ... sit ion of stone on the -Effect of shape 38 ...... " " & size of stone on the

, -Experiments 68 37 ...... " with , ·-Inclination of 11 38 " slope of lNDE:X·

• Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year F 19s7119SSI19~911940II94111942Jl943119441 194a __:-88 -89 -4:0 -U -4:2 -48 · . ------~----~ FallsJ flumed -scour d/s of ' ... .,...... 97. Fan catchments-Rainfall and ... 5 ... run-off from Farewell speech by Sir Claude ••• ...... 6· Inglis. Ferozepore and Suleimanke Head ••• ... 2 ...... works-Meandering of the River Sutlej between.. Ferozepore • Weir -Retrogression 6 downstream of- ·

Flood Advisory Committee-- -••• 1 ...... ' ...... Orissa Flood discharge of the Brahma- 45 24 ••• ...... putra at .A mingaon-Estimate of the maximum · Floodofthe·Gangesandits ••. 8 ...:...... lessons. Flood protection measures for ••• • ••• ...... 3' ... Nuna-Pothi Rivers in Orissa. J Floods-causes of-in Sind...... ••• ••• 12 ••• Flcods, denudation and erosion...... 3 ~···· Floods, river-Sunspot intensity ...... 86- cycles as a medium of· predict~ 87 mg the probable dates of ·. occurrence of- Flow below expansions. 56 41 40 ...... Flow· below Standing Wave 42 ...... Flumes-stabilization of-

Flow in alluvial channels-Fac- ..... 50 33 ...... tors affecting Flow indicator rod. ... 56 ... Flow problems-Use of models 3 2 ... for elucidating Fluid forces acting on a weir. .... '48 ...... Fluctuations of grade of materials ... 35 ... exposed on the beds of the Eastern Nara and Rohri Canals (Sind). 150 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year F I937119SSII9SII\lll40\111Hll942\194~119U\194o -38 -39 I ~40 -41 -42 -43

Flume Meter Baffle Falls-Design. ••• 35 of downstream portion of- Flumes;.:.pebble-b_ed- Transpor­ 47 ... tation of pebbles in- ..;./ Fluming of Outlets -Godavari 32 ...... right and left bank canal Head · Regulators (Bombay).·

Fluming _of Outlets - Dharma 56 ••• Storage Reservoir-outlet for (Dharwar, Bombay Presi­ dency). Flumed Falls- Scour downstream 91 of-- · Form drag-Coefficient of-Scale ••• ... 29 - ••• effect on- Form drag-Due to shape of 29 .••• ... slab . or pier obstructing the­ flow. Form drag-Impact losses due ...... -28 49 ... to, of slabs and piers under axial flow conditions. Fo~ drag of· cyli~ders in con­ ... (iii)* 4* nectio~ with bridge investiga­ ~- tion for Central Provinces.

Formula for Venturi .Flumes. 56

Formula, slope-Dr. Bose's 2 .~. ...

Forty cusecs Standing Wave Flume in the masonry conduit;· taking off from the Haleji Reservoir-Karachi Water Supply ·scheme- · Freshet spring and fair weather ...... 17 ... tide in the Rupnarain River at Kolagha t Rail way Bridge on the B.N. R a i 1 way in 1944 and in its mobile bed 'model Fuleli Canal new headworks­ ...... l' ...... scour near the Head of the- !BDBX . 151

Pages of Annual Report; (Technical) for the year G 1987,1988,1989,1940119411194211948,19441 1945 -SS -89 -40 -41 -42 -48

G Gandak River at Bagaha on the .••• 3, Oadh and Tirhat Railway 10, which has outflanked the Bridge . 13 ··-How to divert the-to its original course through· . the ·Bridge. Gandak at Bagaha on the Oudh 10 and Tirhut Railway-condi- · tiona leading to the outflanking · · of the Rail way Bridge. -Do- -Do.- Chhitauni 10 groyne acting as an 'attracting' spur in pulling the river round its nose. -Do- -Do- affiux u/s of 10 the Railway bridge on the- in 1925. · ·

-Do- -Do- Prediction ...~ .· ~-· 13 of the future movement of. ·

-Do- -Do- sand on the 11 bed of.. the

-Do- -Do- use of the 12 Mississippi formula ·for esti­ mating the niaxirq,pm flood discharge in the-in 1924.

Ganeshlyer'tt volutesiphon-Fac- •••. · 12- tors effecting the coefficient of - 18 . discha1·ge of-

Ganges above the Hardinge 66 . 9.2 · 23 -...... Bridge (Eastern Bengal Ry.}- Experiments with a model of the Ganges Hood and its_ lessons. 8 Ganges and three- of its tribu- 37 taries to demonstrate the mean- . dering tendency of rivers carry­ ing sand and silt in alluvial p 1a in a-Preliminary experi­ ments with a model of the

Ganges~Maximum scour profile ••• ••• .. between guide banks of the- . at the Haulinge Bridge. 152 INDEX

i ·Pages of Annual R~pmt (Technical) for the year G 1931,19g8,1939119401194111942119431194il 1943 -38 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48

Garang River on Assam access ...... Road-Prevention of s co u r in- Geometrically-similar models. 4 2 ...... Geometrically-aim i l a r models ... ••• 92- which g i v e geometrically­ 95 similar "'.results. Geometrically - similar models 99· which do not give geometrically· 101 similar results. . Gibb modules -Theory, design 2 60 ... and construction of- .. Girl and Tons catchments-:effect ... 94 of storages in -on supplies in the J umna during flood season and regenerat.ion m the fair season. Girna Canal Aqueduct No. 14 23 ...... (Bombay Presidency)- Pre­ vention of scour d/s of the

Glacis slope downstream of S. W~ ...... 35 Flumes

Glacis slopes of Flume Falls ••• ... 38 Godavari Right and Left Bank 32 ' canal Head Regulators

Grand Anicut Canal-silting in 54 ... the, Cauvery (Madras Presi· dency). Grids to stabilize flow in expan· · 58 ••• ... SIOns. Groyne, deflect.ng- Measures ...... 6-8 taken to control erosion of the left bank of the Rupnarain upstream of the Bengal Nagpur Rail way Bridge at Kolaghat by means of a- ilfDBX 153

, Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year G&H 19S7j19S8119891194011941119421194~~19441194~ .-18 -89 -40 -U -42 -48

Groyne repelling-Proposal for ...... 15 ... protecting the left bank of the Rupnarain River u/s of the Railway Bridge at Kolaghat on the B.N. Railway. Groynes and islands-control of ...... (iii)• 97 ... flow, through bridges by means .· - of -- Groynes, attracting & repelling. 46 41 104 ...

I Groynes, Brushwood, effective in ...... 25 ..•. eliminating 'bellies' and return flow due to 'jetting', prevented by lo:wering pavement. Groynes on the Sabarmati River ...... 62 ...... at Ahmedabad-Effect of, on its course. Groynes upstream of the· Mithrao ... .19 ,.. ... ~ ..-.,. Approach channel' to reverse the curvature of flow and so put more sand into lfithrao. Groynes with a regulator to reduce 23 ... sand entry in M. W. Canal at ...... Dehri (Bihar). < Groynes with a regulator to reduce ... 19 sand entry in the Sarda Main ... Canal at Banbassa (U.P.).

• Guide bank system by Sir Francis ~f) ••• ~pring. - - · · Guntkal-Bezwada section of the ...... 44 M. & S.M. Rly.-Heavy run-off ... from a small catchment u/s of a .bridge on the-which caused . the river to overflow the em- bankment and Rail way track causing an accident:

H

Hajipur, -Sind, · DeslgD of Lower ... ••• ...... 55 Sind Barrage at · ...

Haleji Reservoir-Karachi water ... ••• ...... 2• ... Supply scheme-Forty cusecs · S.W.F. in the masonr1 conduit taking off from the river. 154 lNDEX

Pages of Aooual Report (Technical) for the year H 19871198811989119401lu41\19&2119!8 19t4l1946 -88 -89 ..... -40 -41 -42 -4S 1 Harbour-How· to reduce waves 66 in a dock .caused by swell. Hardinge Bridge __: Maximum , .. 4 .... scour profile between guide banks of the Ganges_ a,t the- Hiudinge Bridge-Model ot the 66 22 23 Ganges above the- · Hardinge l3ridge piers-Cqmpl­ 38 37 ...... rison of scour round the-with that. in model. Hardinge Bridge piers-Effect ·of ·...... 31 ... high level pitching laid rou;nd- on the depth c of downstteain scour.

) Hardinge Bridge piers 2 and 3~ 31 · Reproduction .in a model, of the sc:>Ur-hole downstream of- Hardinge Brigge piers-scour ...... 12 caused by- .Hardinge Bridge -Relation be­ ... 13 - tween maximum scour and discharge at- Hardinge Bridge-Reproduction 72 ...... · of breach in Right guide Bank.

Hardinge Bridge - Scour-hole J.•• 5 ... downstream of the- Head works:._P~njab · practice of .... 98 constructing Heavy run-ou from a small catch- ...... ment u/s of a bridge on the Guntkal Bezwada section ofthe M. & S.M. Railway· which caused the river to overflow the embankment and railway track causing an accident. 9!)- High Coe~cient Weirs...... 101

High .Coefficient Weir, drowned, 45 49 ... Experim~nts with- · High Coefficient Weir-Coeffi· ... 42 ...... cient of disharge of- INDEX 155

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year !987,1988,198911940,1941,1942,1948,19441 194q -., -88 -39 -'0 -41 -42 -48 . ------~--~~~~~~~~~~~~---L--- High Coefficient Weir for . the ••• ... 25 ... pick-up weir across the Mala­ 'prabha · at Shivyogmandir, Bijapur District (Bombay ~residency).

High. coefficient we1r for the 3} 27 ~ ...... waste weir at Lake Arthur Hilll Bhandardara (Bombay). ..

High Coefficient W air-over part 21 -... of Son Anicut-effect of-on sand ·drawn ·by canals and formation· of islands and channels upstream. . I High level pitching-eliect of­ 31 laid round Hardinge Bridge piers, on t~e depth til: d/s scour. High level stone pitching main-. ... 88 . , tained at Hope Bridge near Surat distorted curvature of flow and caused damage up- "­ streamand downstream in 1944.

Historical review of fi!teps taken 1~ by the Sind Government to collect data in conneclion with the Indus and to control it in· its passage through Sind.

. History of. the water supply of 70 Bombay._ ··~ / Hooghly-" Knuckle" formation 23 18 •'!...• ... at several points along the fore· shore o[ the-above Calcutta; · Hooahly River above Calcutta:_ ... 3 H~w to improve the- Hooghly river-Tidal model to Ht 23 18, 35 3, prevent bank erosion near Dlin­ ···- 19 7 bat and Titaghar mills. Hooghly rigid tid.al modei8. ... -105- 197 Hooghly River at Dunbar Cot- ...... ,...... 13-18 • ton Mill-Training the~with a by-p~ss channel.

Hooghly semi-rigid tidal model ••.• ...... 105 .(long). 156 JNDJ:X

Pages of Annual Repo1·t (Teohnioal) for the year H&I 19871Isssjl9891194oll94lii942JI948119t41 194o -88 -89 -40 -n -n -48 1 ·

Hooghly semi-rigid tidal model ••• 142 (short). • Hope Bridge near Surat-closing 88 . of spills on right bank u/s of­ led to heavy erosiOn of the Rander Road. Hot Wire~ observations in experi­ ... ments for inlet length of bpen channel. Hot wire observations in model 74 ...... Right Guide Bank of Hardinge Bridge. · ·

Hot wire observations ·in models 35 ... .,~.. of sub~ersible bridges ·(U.P.). Hur Hura khal...... ' 13 ... Hurdling over baffle wall. ... 30 Hydraulic elements and con­ 78-8() stants:_Nomograms for deter­ mining the Hydraulic gtadient or saturation 61 ... lines-effect of u/s and · d/s water levels' of the Solani Khadir dam model on- Hydrodynamic models as an aid 1 ... to Engineering skill- Presi­ dential address by the Director before the Engineering Section of the Indian Science Congress. Hydrodynamic Research work • .. . .•• 2 ... done by the Special Irrigation Division (Bombay)-An outline of-

I Impact losses due to form drag 28, 49, ... of slabs and piers under axial 31 51 flow conditions. Impact losses on slabs of sub­ 28 ...... mersible bridges.

Improvement of the Rice Canal ••• 33 ...... due to the Right Bank ap­ proach channel at Sukkur. INDEX 151

Pages of Annual Report- ( feohnical) for the year I 1937,1938 1939,19'011~'111942119t3,19'4J 19'6 I-88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -43 Improving curvature of flow in - 18 ... the approach channel along inner right bank, Sukkur.

I • Inclination of slope of fallfug 71 -...... _.aprons. Indian Railway Conference· Asso- ...... ciation.-Discussion of Paper on "Protection of bridge pier against scour."

Indian Science Congress.-Direc­ -..• .. 1· .•• ...... tor's Presidential address to Engine-ering section on "Hydro• dyn~mic model as ~n aid to · Engineering skill."

·Indus above Rohri-Erosion on ... ' (ii)* ... the right bank of -the-and danger of breach of the main lineN. W.- Rail!ay. Joo •• ). Indus ab~ve Sukkur (Smd)-Re­ ...... • •• (u alignment of the Rohri-Quetta _Railway necessitated by the danger of breaches in the marginal bunds of the-" Indus-Analysis of Bilot creek .... 82 · and Paharpur Canal data (Ex·· ··~ Indus 35 miles d/s of Kal~:!o· ' . bagh, N.W.l!,.P.> in- • Indus and the Lloyd :earrage at 26 ...... Sukkur.-Experiments with a ··~ model of the, for• sand control of the right bank canals.

Indus, Sukkur-:-accretion in- ...... • 6, ····~ -99

Indus, "Bukkur island; in ·the-;-. •.• 97 ... - acts as an 'attracting' island- . Indus at Sukkur (Sind)-New •.• 11 ...... factors which will affect rate of rise of_ water levels in the-

Indus-downstream of Kalabagh ...... ~ ... 1 ••• -analysiA of changes in the ~·· course of the- . lndus-Jamshoro bund on the left 89 ... ••• bank of the-near Hyderabad (Sind). 158 JNDIX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year I 19871198811989119'01194111942119.48119441 1946 I-88 -89 -40 -U -42 -48 Indus near U'm.erkhel-action to ... ~· ... be taken regarding erosion of ···- spur 2 in the- Indus-rate of rise of water ...... 15 99 - ••• levels· in the-

Indus near Chasma-Cause of ••• ••• (ii)* ••• change of course of-and how to control-

Indus-Probable~ effect of con­ ... ••• 10 ... s.tructing the Kalabagh Barrage .. on·the course of the- . Indus-Protection of N. W. •••. 13 Railway embankment u/s 9f the, Bukkur gorge. Indus (Sind)-Breaches in the­ ...... !.:0 ••• Indus CSind)-eff~ct of cOnstruc­ 18 '99 ting ·a barrage across a river on bed levels and water levels u/s and d/s with particular re­ ference to the- Ind'us {Sind).-Specific discharge ... ••• 101 ... gauges at Bachalshah·on the- .Indus-Technical analysis of ... 15 ... available data ragarding the rise of the water levels of the -in the past and .to be anti­ • cipated in future- Indus-Technical enqwry into ...... " ••. 1, ••• ... the causes of breaches in the 10 ·River Bands in Sind and steps required tq minilqize the danger · of recurrence. · Information · regarding_ rainfall, .••• ...... "ruri.-off Formulas and rate of · . silting of reservoirs required in connection with a scheme in Transvaal, S:>uth Africa.· Inglis' fan catchment discharge 38 67 ... formula, introduction of shape factor in-

Inglis' stability factor {fm) for a 2 canal system. Inlet length channel experiments. ••• ...... 169

Pages of Annual Report (Tecbn"'l) for the ·year · l&J 198711988 19S9,1940,1941119421194Sll9441 1946 -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -4S . ----~------~--~ Institution of Engineers (India)­ 8 ...... Paper read by S.C. Majumdar, Chief Engineer, Bengal, on "Ganges flood ·and its· lessons"/ and discussion by C. C. Inglis. . ~ ' ' . . Inundation • Canals in Sind- ••• ...... 29 Analysis of -and its compari · son with the. data of perennial : canals. Inundation Canals in Sind -'De- · ·.•• ...... sign of- · · · . ··-·

Island at Suleim~nki...... " l l Island for the Lower Sind Barrage ... 98 · site· C. . · ·

'J 46 '47 _97 Islands and attracting spur~~nse ... · ... of ...... for training a river. ·_ .. Islands and groynes-Control· c;>f (ii)• ••• _flow through bridges by means · of-,

46 .47 ••• Isla~ds for holding· a river: ...... ··~ / Islao.ds u/s of the Barrag;e at ... .,...... ~8 •.•• Kalabagh. J Jamrao and Sukkur Barrage ••• 25 Oanals-Relationship between surface width and Q of ...;.:• · .·

. 26 Jamrao and · Sukkur Barrage •••...... ~ Canals-Relationship between Sand Q. ~~ .. . . Jamrao Canal (Sind)-Exclusion 84 ...... ••• ... of bed sand from the-

Jamrao Canals, Sukkur Barrage ••• ,... . l ••. 23 Canals, L.C.C.,L.J.C. (Punjab)' -Relationship between area and discharge of.

Jamrao, L.C.C. and L J.C~ data ••• 31. •... ···. ~ ...... compared with th.e _U.P. data (lO.sites}. · Jamshedpur Syphon spillway for ... 20 ...... dissipating energy~alternative designs of baffle platform .d/s of the- 16Q llfDBX

Pages of Annual Report (1'eobnioal) for the year 'J- I 1987,1988,19891194011941,194211948119141 114~ -88 -89 -40 -U .42 .43

Jamshedpur Water Supply ...... 27 27 26 ... storage, Tatanagar (Bihar)- siphon Spill way for the...::.

Jamshedpur siphon design- De- ••• ...... ~6 priming device of the- ' Jamshedpur siphon design- ... ~7 pressures during priming. Jamshedpur siphon spillway ex- .26 ...... ••• ~·· ... ••• ... pe~·it~ents-priming and de- prnnmg. ~amsboro Buncl on the Left b&nk ... 89 ... .,-: J of the Indus near Hyder~bad (Sind). . . 25, ... "Jetting" below canal falls and ...... ··~. ... l:Jridges 30 •'Jetting" prevented by lowering ...... ••• 25 ... pavement level at Railway . Bridges. J eur Aqueduct on the Nira L.B: ...... ,... •• • r•u) ... Canal

Jodhpur Rail way-Steps nece~- ...... ••• a• sary to protect main Line from 5 Hyderabad to Lnni Junction on -from damage by- Luni River floods.

~t• Jodhpur State-Construction of a ...... ~00 cusecs standing wave flume ffi-'- · Jodhpur State--Design of a stil· ... 2• ... ling basin d/s of the overflow section of the main Erinpura Dam in- .. 2• Jodhpur State-Erinpura· Trriga- ••• ... •• ...... tion and· Hydro· electrical Pro- ject siphon spillways in- lltD:BX 161

. Pages Annual Report (Tec~nical) for the ;rear J 1937,198811931,19'011941 119'2119'8119441 194~ I-38 -89 -40 -41 -42 -iS . . Jodhpur State-Runoff from Erin­ 68 ••• pura Reservoir. ··~

Jodhpur Water Supply channel- 81 6 •c:• •~" .. Modularity of 20 cusecs Stand-. . . ing Wave Flume.

Jumna at New D~lhi-Present ... 91 ... and future water requirements and supplies in. the- .. .'rumna at· New Delhi-Training 65 55 ••• 2. (iii)• 4:, ... of the, near Dellu Gate""l>ump- 8 ing Station. Jumna canals.-. Eastern and ...... Western -: Head works at Tajewala.

J umna near Pallia Village-Train- 52 ...... ••• I • .... • •••• .,.-. ... ing the

J nmna River at Delhi Gate Pump:­ ...... '~··· 43-· ing Station-Training of-with .. 48· pitched embankment on the right bank. ·• .

J umna river at.!fajewala-Control ...... ••• (ii)* ••• ... of-by means of spurs.

Jnmna river-Relation between ...... 98 ••• floods in the monsoon and re­ generation in the hofL ·weather ' in the-:. . J umna_-Road along the, from ·56 ...... Delhi to Okhla weir. •

Jnmna-W.azira bad Pumping •••. 56 '••• ... 5 ••• ••• ... · Station, 3 miles above the Rail­ way Bridge on the right bank of the- -

;, Junction of High.level, High Qo- ••• . ... 21 ...... efficient Weir and low level, falling shutter weir portion of the Son Anicut at Dehri. Junction of the outer bank of .tail . ... ••• 15 ••!. ' ••• ' ··~ cbannel with Barrage at Suk· ...... kur. 162 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year K 1987,138811989119-!0 119U,l9t2119481·19Uj 194f» -88 -ll9 ..1.0 -U -42 -iS · 1

K

Kaira town protection by training 77 16 ...... the Watrak river in Gujerat (Bombay Presidency). Kalabagh-Analysis of changes ...... 8 ...... in the course of the River Indus downstream of-

Kalabagh Barrage - Effel:ts of ... ••• cOnstructing the--on ~applies to the Paharpur Canal in N.W.F. Province. Kalabagh Barrage-Islands ws of 98 the Kalabagh Barrage - Probable 9 ...... effect of constructing the--on ... the course of the Indus. Karachi water supply scheme- ••• ••• 2* 40 cusecs standing wave flume in the masonry conduit taking off from the Haleji Reservoir. Karanja, Rewas and Dharamtar- ••• ••• ...... Landing wharves at- Karwar and Knmta-Minor .... ••• 1* ... Ports. Katjuri and Mahanadi at Cuttack ... 81 ... · (Orissa)-Distribution of flood ··~ waters between- . ' Katjuri and Mahanadi group of ••• ... -... ••• S1 ••• ... rivers near Cottack, Orissa­ Experiments with a model of the-- I. Katjuri - Standing wave and ••• ... 89 ...... drowned conditions of the -··· Naraj weir at Cuttack (Orissa) and their effect on the sand drawn by the- Kendrapara Canal talring off •. • ••• ... Biropa river n/s olMahanadi anicut at Cuttack, Orissa-How to prevent silting of- Kennedy and Lacey...... ••• ... ~0 IND!X . 1625

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the ye~r K&L 19S1[1938119S911940,1941119421194S,19441 1945 ------...------.:...-_8_8 -89 -40 _-41 -42 -4S - . .

Khairpur State (Sind'-Danger. ... • •• i s• of waterlogging in the Eastern Nara tract in- I( Khari River at Raipur, near ... -' ...... ll!.. '\. Ahmedabad (Bombay) -How to prevent outflanking ! of Barrage on-- Khipro Canal (Sind)-Remodel­ ... 57 .... ling the, for sand exclusion. Knuckle at Dunbar Cotton Mills- .••• .... 7, ... Longitudinal and ·cross row of · '8 piles at the-to enable accretion • and silting to take place. ., . 41 .• Knuckle" formation at several ... 23 -18 ... points along .. the foref'hore of the Hooghly above Calcutt!!. Kosai River. ... 13 . ••• 'Kosi gorge-Land slides ~ the 3 -.

Kosi River ...... Factors affecting 13 5 ... .: rapid westerly m2_vement of- tl' ,_:._,;, ' $1, Kofrl and Sukkur-Silt in suspen­ ...t 19 ' ..... /. . ... sion at-since 1913-Quality of-. "

Kshipra River at Ujjain....:....Erosion ...... (ii)~ 2•, of-control of 5

, ~umta and Karwar-Minor Ports. . ... 1" ......

L

• .. k 4.0 Lacey and Kennedy. ... .• ... ••• Lacey·regime theory. .•.. . 4:...... Lacey's formulas.- ... :2 ...... Lacey's formulas-Effect of de- \...... 8 ...... crease of size of bed material down canal on various-:- • Lacey's regime formula iri connec- ...... 6 ... ••• .... tion with model scales.

Lat'ey theory of · shock- in ...... 3 ...... ,c. ... channel fl9w. 164 JNDEJ:

Pages of. Annual Report (Technical) for the yeiu L 19S7119118ll9B9Il940ilulll942 \194s 119H.Il946 I-88 -89 -40 I -41 -42 -U Lake. Arthur Hill, Bhimdardara 39 ••• 27 ...... (Bombay) - High. Coefficient· weir for the waste weir of Lake Arthur Hill,' - (Bombay)- ...• 59 ...... Unsuitability of proposal of Siphon Spillway for · waste -weir of Landslides in the Kosi gorge. · ... 3 ' ... Landing wharves at Rewas, ••• ...... Karanja and Dharamtar. ·Launching an apron. 68 ... .Leakage through Solani en;tbank- 63 ... -ment. · · · · · ... Limitations o.f model re: reproduc· il tion of changes in the Tiver over a. l.mg period of Bank yrosion in Malaprabha river .near Railway Bridge on Gadag­ Sholapur line near A 1 u r Station. Limiting pressures m siphon •.•. 26 ...... spillways. Lined channels-design of-fol' ••• ~ •• 43 ...... minimum slope. Littoral drift-control of erosion (ii)* .... due to- Lloyd Barrage at Sukkur-Experi- 26- 2 12 12 16 - ments with a model of the - Indus for sand control of right bank canals.

Load : N. V s relation (N = charge;. '·.. 50 8,33 ··~ V 6 =terminal veloctty ). Lqsses from canals due to seep- 60 50 ... age-Experimep.ts to determine ~e - . Lower Coleroon system (Madras 82 ...... Presidency)-Means to prevent sand entering the Vadavar . channel of the Low level pitching round Har­ 32 .... dinge Bridge pierR-Effect of­ on scour downstream. INDEX.

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year L&M 1987,1938,1989,19401194111942,1943,1944,~ I-S& -89 -40 -'1 -42 -48...... __..£.--_...... ,___

Low level weir downstream. of ••• _ •• ._' w.:e ... ••• 8,9 ... Delhi Gate Pumping station­ effect of constructing a~on the low water channel at the Pump- ·,; ing station. . ·... ;LOwer Sind Barrage (2400' up- ••• ...... ••• ••• 10-11 stream of site B near Hajipur) -Experiments in connection .. with · dissipation of energy • downstream of-

Lower.Sind Barrage....:.Comparison ...... , ... ••• ••• of s1tes for the-

; Lower Sind Barrage-Design of ...... ,. ... ••• 48-59. \ the-Experiments to test the .. design for scour and sand ex- . elusion from canals-Sind. . Lower Sind · Barrage - E:xperi­ ••• ••• ec• ••• ••• 22-29 ' .menta to determine . a suitable profile of the-to cause mini­ mum afllu:x wjth gates folly open. r' Lower Sind Barrage, site C­ ...... ••• .98 ... island for . - Lower Sind Barrage, site for- ••• 1* ••• ••• ••• Inspection by the Director. Lowest bed levels in the Bukkur­ ...... ••• 103 ... .Rohri gorge at Landsdowne Bridge during 1928-1944·" . ~-- ' -. Luni River - How to :ntrol­ ...... where it ·is crossed by the Samadari - Raniwara ·Branch line on Jodhpur Railway. ·

Luni River floods-Steps neces­ ... s•, ~ ~ .• . sary to protect main line from 5 Hyderabad to Luni Junction on Jodhpur Railway 'from- • Luni River-Training of the-to · ••• , ...... ··- ... 36~ prevent it damaging" Jodhpur 42 Railway line. M Madras Presidency - Means to 82 ...... prevent sand. entering the \ Vadavar channel of the Lower Coleroon anicut system. 166 INDEX

_.!ages of Annual Heport (Technical) for the year 19371198811939119i0119!1119!211943~119i41 1945 !-38 -39 -40 -41 -4~ -(3 Madras Presidency .,.:_ Silting of · the Grand Anicut Canal on the Cauvery. M. & S.M. Railway- Heiv;y l'Un­ 44 ... off from a small catchment u/s of a bridge of the, on the Gun· .takal-Bezwada section of the­ which caused the river to over- flow the embankment and rail­ way tract, causing an accident.

Mahanadi nnicut at ·cuttack, Oris­ {iii)• ... sa-Kendra para canal taking off Birupa river u/s of- how to prevent silting of- ·

Mahanadi and Katjuri at Cuttack · 37, ... l9·i2 (Orissa)- Distribution of flood 88 ' waters between-

Mahanadi group of nvers at ... •.. (Ill"")• ••• Cuttack ( Orissa ) - How to control deterioration of the'"""': · · Major Gorie'a Paper on soil ' ... 3 ... denudation. ·Malaprabha- Cut off in the- ...... 10 below railway bridge on Gadag -Sholapur line near Alur Station and its effect on· conditions upstream. · Malaprabha River at Shivayog­ 25 ... , .. mandir, Bijapur District (Bom· bay)-Design for a high coeffi· • cient weir for the pick-up weir across the- Malaprabha river·- Training the 10 ...... -:Experiments to compare re­ lative merits of various alter­ native measures for relieving heavy scour at the railway Bridge abutme~t. . .. 7-S Malaprabha Uiver- Training the ...... ·-to protect the left bank and abutment of theM. & S.M. Ry. · Bridge No. 8 at Hole-.alur on the Hotgi-Gacag line. Malikpur Research Station - ... 2 Director's visit to the, for advice on Beas· spur experiments. ·'INDEX

• Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year_ M 1~8~1~988,193. 911940,1941,1942,194.3119441 194~ -3~ -.89 -4.0 -41 -42 -48 - .

Manas, Beki and Balkadoba rivers ••• ' ...... (ii)*. 3, . ~~. · -(.Assam)- How to. trai:ri: and 69, control- 70 Mandeswari River•...... :''13 ... Manning's formula and Lacey's ••• : ...... •••' formula for ru~osity. ~arginal bund s of the Indus above · ·•...... ••• .(ii)• ... Su~kur (Sind ) - Realignment · of the Rohri- Quetta Rail way necessitated by the danger of L~ breaches i~ the- Ma~imum depth of scour at heads ...... of guide .·banks and groynes, pier noses and d/s of Bridges•. Maximum depth of scour.nt noses ...... of guide banks, groynes and at. • sharp bends. Maximum depth of scour .related ...... •.• 74 to V 2 /d which is· related. to turbulence .. Maximum depth of scour round \· piers of Bri~ges in~ ·· (a) the Brahmaputra at Amin- •.. ••• 7~) .• ~. _ gaon. · . :82.

·(b) the Chenab at Alexandra •• • - ••!I ...... Railway Bridge near Wazir· abad (N. W. Railway).

(c) the · Chenab . at Chiniot . ' 75, ... (N. W. Bly._). 82 (d) the Chenab. at Ch u.nd ••• ...... _(N. W. Bly.). "

. ~- .~ ~ }

(e) the · Chenab at Shershah ..... -...... (N. W. Rly. ). (f) the Gandak Railway Bridge •.• . ••• ...... '' ... at Bagaha· <0. and T. ~ly.). ·

· (g) the Ganges near the Har­ •• !"' ... ,, , dinge Bridge (B. A. Rly ). {h) the Indus in ;Rohri -Bukkur ... · ••• ...... ,, ... gorge. · (i) the Jhelum near Jhelum •.• ...... ,, ... Railway Bridge (N:~v. Rly.) 168 INDEX

--~----~--~------~--~------Pages of Annual Report (Teobnical) for tbe year 19S71.19S8,19S91194011941119421194Sil94i llU6 ------~-~S~S~-~3~9~-4~0~-~41~--4_2~--43~--~--~--.. (j) the r Jhelum near Shabpur ...... 75,82 ••• (N. W. Rly.). (k) the J nmna Railway Bridge ••• ...... " ... at Delhi. ( l ) the Karnaphuli Railway ...... ••• 75,78, ... Bridge. & 82 (m) the Meghna near Railway ... 75,78 Bridge (B.A. Rly.) .. ' & 82 {n} the Pc:~.r near Ry. Bridge ...... ,, .... (B. B. & C. I. Ry.)

l --· (o) the Ravi near Ry. Bridge· at ... 75,77 & 82 Dera BabaNanak. (N. W. . Ry.) (p) the Sutlej near Empress ... " ... Ry. Bridge at .Adamwahan. ' (q) the Sutlej near Ry. Bridge • I' tt ...... at Phillaur.

Maximum depth of scour at noses of guide banks, groy:nes and at sharp bends in- • . . (a) Ganges at Sara Guide bank, ... ••• 75,83 ••• 3 miles u/s of the Hardinge Bridge.

(b) Ganges near the npse of the ... Right Guide Bank of the " Hardinge Bridge. (c) Hcogbly near Dunbar .Cot­ " ... ton_ Mill.

(d) Jumna near Delhi Gate . ~ .. " ... Pumping Stn. at spur 5.

(e) Narbada River, old Ry. 75,77 Bridge at Broach, B. B. & 79,83 C. I. Ry. (f) Right Bank 'approach ...... 75,77 channel at Sukkur. 83

(g) Ra vi u/s of Balloki weir-

(i) at nos~ of spur 5 on the 1 ••• ... ••• 76,77 .... · Right. Bank. · . I 79,80, . .. . > 83 (11) at nose of spur 6 on the J .. Right Bank Jl(DEX 111-

Pages of Annual Report (TecbQical) for the year M J9S7,l3S8,19S911940jl941jl94:211USI·l9441 lU~ -ss -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 I

Measures taken to control erosion ... ,. .. ••• 5-1 _of the left bank of the Rup- narain upstream of the Bengal .Nagpur Railway Bridge at - Kolaghat by means of a de­ flecting groyne.

Mechanism of rippl~ formation ... •.•. 53

Methods followed in fixing model ••• ...... 88- scale ratios and overcoming 116 model limitations, based on expe1ience gained at the Indian Waterways Experiment Sta,tion, Poona.

Metli:>d of calculating scale ratios 107- in vertically - exaggerated 110 mobile river models.

Methods to eradicate water weeds 11 ··•• from canals. -··

Meyer Peter's aB.d Schoklitsch's ···- 49 Bed load formulas and their· companson _ with station formulas. Military Board set up in 1850 to· •• 14 study Damodar River flood and . _reali~ent of embankm~nts.

Minimum safe levels of~pitching ...... •. round piers. Mississippi formula- use of­ ••• ... 12 for estimating the maximum ··~ t- ·~· flood discharge in the Gandak ... River at Bagaha on the Qudh and Tirhut Railway 1924.

Mithrao ·and Khipro Canals - 57 16 19 "! •• .. .. ' Control of sand entering, Ex-Nara at Makhi (Sind}.

.Mobile river models, vertically ...... 0.. 107- exaggerated -Method of cal­ 110 culating scale- ratios in - · ·Jfodel - Equivalent size and ...... 115- specific gravity of stones and 116 blocks in a- 1'1.2 INDEX

!_ages of Annual Report (Teohnioalj for the year M· 19S711938119S9119£01194lll9£21194S 1194111946 I-SS -89 -40 -41 -42 -4S ------~------~-- --~~--~--~--~---- Model limitations-Methods fol- ••• ... 88· lowed in overcoming - and 116 model scale ratios - methods followed in fixing - based on experience gained at the Indian ·Waterways Experiment Station, Poona. Model 1/600 : 1/120 of Indus ... 1, ...... River u/s of the Bukkur Gorge 13 - ·experiments· with a -.in connection with protection of threatened N. W. Railway em~ bankment. .· . Model of the Indus at Sukkur ...... 16 ...... Barrage- Difficulties met in experiments- wit.h- '

Model- Pilot and mobile bed~ ...... 15 ... Experiments with Model-reproduction of curvature ...... 59 ... in a- · Model scale rat.ios - methods ••• ...... 88- followed in :fixing-and model 116· limitations - methods followed in overcoming - based on. experience gained at the Indian W a t e r w a y s Experiment • Station, Poona~ Model (1/400, 1/66), ·vertically-ex­ ... •.• 19-22 aggerated-of the Mahanadiand · its branches at Oultack (Orissa). -Experiments with the· Models-Combined rigid, mobile 5 3 ...... and meandering, River. Models-Geometrically-similar 4 .••• 2 ...

Models, .geometrically - similar •• • . ... •• ..• 92 w hi c h give geometrically­ similar result!'. Models, geometrically - similar ••• ...... 99-. .. which do not give geometri- 101 - . cally-similar results. Models, Hydrodynamic, as an aid ...... 1 to Engineering skill; Presiden­ tial address by the Director before the Engineering section of Indian Science Congress. lNDBX 169

Pages of A~nual Report (Technical) for the year M 1987l1988ll989l1940 I1941 1942 1948 1944 I;1.94~ -88 -89 -40 ~41 -42 -48 1 ~___..:1 1 ___.,:_..,... (h) Sutlej at u/s of the Ry. Bridge,. Ferozepore (N. W. Ry.)- . (i) at nose of spur_4; 1 ... ~ ••• 76, 77, ••• (ii) at nose of the old. t 79., Right Guide Bank. J 83 I Maximum depth of scour d/s of b1idges in- (a) the G:anges d/s of pier 3 of 2 . ••• ·••• 76, 77, ••• the Hardinge Bridge; . 83 (b) the N. W. Canal d/s of the · •.• ••• ...... · Ry. :aridge near Ruk (N. W. · " Ry.}; .

.(c) the Rice Canal d/s of the Ry...... " .... Bridge at R. D. 75,000 .(N.W. Ry.); (d) the Rohri Canal d/s of th~ ·.:· ••• : ...... 76,77, , •• Rohri Multan Road Bridge at 81,83 R.D. 52,000; (e) the Rohri Canal d/s of the ... •••. 76,77, Head Regulator at Sukkur; 80,83 ··~ (f) scour d/s .ofthe Road Bridges ••• •...... ••• 76, 77-• •• ·• on the Eastern J umna Canal 83

Maxinium depth ol scour d/s of. .. ._ ... 75,76, Bridges. 77,80 ~1,83. Maximum flood discharge of the -45 . 24. . ••• .... Brahmaputra at Amingaon - Estimate of the

Maximum freshet ebb discharge ...... ••• 14 ••• in the Rupnatain River atKola­ ghat Rail way Bridge on the B. N; Ry. in 1944J estimation of

9 . Meander belts, distance between ... ·~· ...... meanders on axis of stream, ... width and discharge uf River on flood plains and incised . Rivers·- Relation between Mea.nder data of · American ••• 11 ...... rivers.

Meander data of Orissa rive.rs. 9 .••• ••• ••• ••• 170 INDEX

Pages Annual Report (Technical) for the year M 19871198sl1989 19'ol19t1 119t2l19t8l19ttl 19ta ------•---8_8~--..:.89 -tO -U -42 -48 . Meanderllig of the River Sutlej ••• ...... 6 (iit between Ferozepore and Sulei­ manke Headworka. Meandering tendency of rivers 31 ...... ·carrying sand andsiltinalluvial plain - Preliminary experi· ments wit~ a ·model of the Ganges and three of its tributa- ries to demonstrate the . .. .Meander length of the Rupnarain ••• ...... ••• ••• River-lncrease in the-due to increase in freshet discharge. Meanders of channels-Factor.s ...... 51 affecting-· ·.

Meander length and dominant ••• 47, ...... discharge. 54 Meander length and meander belt ••• ..... 53 in rivers and'small channels­ comparison of- Meander length and ·meandering ...... belt-co-efficient of-in Ameri­ can Rivers and experimental channels.

Meander lengths in pe~ble bed ...... 50 . flumes. 1 Meanders -and scale ratios of 'I ... models.

Meanders -Curvature of ... ••• 10 ... Meanders - down ward move- ... 53 ... mento£- Meanders-Effect of sand charge · ••• ... 7 ... on Meanders, pnmary and second­ 51 .... ary.

Meanders -reproduction of -by ••• ••• c•• ••• ... model experiments. Measures to prevent bank erc.sion ...... 3, at the Rupnarain Bridge near 13 Kolaghat on the B. N. Railway· in Bengal. - JBD:U: 113

Fagea of Annual Report (Technical) for the y;:;--. M 1987119881198911940 11941,194211948119U I. 1946 . -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 . .

Model-Limitations of-reprpduc-: ..•••...••• ... ..•. ••. 12 ••• • •• tion of changes in the river over a long period and bank .... scour in Malapra bha River . near Ry. ~ridge on Gadag- • __Sholapur lineNear Alur Station.

M~dels o~ rivers--scour at spurs ... 38 ••.• 1n ' .. Models, rigid and vertically­ ••• lOS exaggerated. Models, semi-rigid and vertically­ ...... 105 exaggerated. Models..:.three dimensional 5 3 ...... Models-tidal,of the Hooghly River. 5 ... 18 23 . 18 ... . - Models," tidal - scale ratios· ~f­ ••• 104- ·- 105 Models-Tidal, slope e-raggeration ··• 3 and ver~ical exaggeration in- Models-Types of­ 4 2 ...... Models-vertically exaggerated 5. ••• ... 2,5· -••• •••

Models, vertically·e.xaggerated of. 10~ rivers (tidal and non-tidal)._ Models vertically-exaggerated and ...... 107- mobile-Method. of calculating_, 11(} scale ratios in- - Modularity of 20 Cusecs standing ... 6 ••• ···-· .... wave flume for the Jodhpur .water supply channel-:- Modules Gibb _.. Theory, design .••• 2 60 ••• ... and coiutruction of- . Moja-Damodar River...... 13 ... r '- Motaguri Bund on the Manas River ...... 5 ••• - -Breaching the- I •

Mula Rinr above the Rahnri 17 . ..J ..• ... ···~ ... Causeway Dist. .Ahmednagar (Bombay)- affiux experiments to determine the effects of add- ing bellmouths u/s and d/s at Lhe top· of openings of the 174 INDEX

Pages Annual Report (Technical) for the year M&N 1U871198811989 1940119411194211948119441 19tb -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 Mula River a hove the Rahuri 14 ...... ,.. ... Causeway, Dist. Ahruednagar 1 (Bop1~ay)-Training the liutha catchment atKhadakwasla, ••• ...... shape of-

N

Nappe - Under· surface of -to 40 ...... ••• ••• determine the profile of a high coefficient Weir. Nara-Eastern (Sind). 6 ......

Nand N a with smooth bounda'ries. ••• 54 ... •h

Nara-Eastern and Rohri canals ...... 35 •.:• (Sind)-Fluctuation of grade of· materials- exposed on the beds of the- ' Naraj Weir at Cuttack (Orissa)- ...... ss ... Standing wave and drowned condition of the - and their _ effect on the sand drawn by the K atj un.. · · · , Narbada River- Water levels of ...... 85 ... maximum floods in the~uring 1886 and 1944. N'arbada, Tapti and Sabarmati ...... 2,3, ... Rivers - Prevention of erosion 5, of agricultural,. lands ·along 85 the- ' .

Natural regime~ sand charge. 4 ., ......

Neamati in Assam - Prevention ...... 3• of erosion at- "Nikuradse experiments for flow ••• ••• ••• 45 ...... in pipes. . . Nira L. B. Canal Head Regulator ...... ••• ...... 9b -Coefficient · of discharge of the- . (ii). Nira LB. canal (Bombay) -Jeur ...... aqueduct on the ..!.. Discharge formula for- 115

Pagea of Annual Report (Technical) for the year N "' ~987,13881-ss -s9 ~98911940,194111942,1948,194:4'-4o -41 -u -' s I 19451 .. ., Nira R. B. canal (Bombay Presi- 81 19 ...... : ...... dency)- Training the. Nala ..··· passing through Aqueduct 14 of the '• No~o~ms for .~eterm~in_g ...... ·7'8- commonly reqwred hydraubc 80 - element.s and con~tants. Nomo~ams-Punjab Irrigation­ ... 6 }?y Mr. E. S. Lindley, . . Nme of the Right bank approach ••• ... 18 12 ... · channel at Suk:kur - Scour around the-:- Nose up~tream of divide walls ~f ...... ~... ~.9 ••• ~ •• ~ . ••• . ••• · the Son Anicut atDehri (Bihar) .-Prevention of scour at- Number of.dry days during which ...... 73 . · Tan sa storage (Bombay) was r . ~ depleted:-years 1896-1944~ I'

Num:bex of wet days before deple-...... ' ' ...... ~ ... 73. !'•• tion started.in Tansa (Bombay) ·•·· .;_years 1896 to 1944. . '. Nuna and Pothi Rivers in the· r ... Mahanadi delta -E:xperim.ents· . ·with a model of the-

N una-Pothi r1vers in Orissa -. ~...... Flood protection measures· for-- N. v. relation (N =cha~ge ;"v. ~ ... terminal velocity).

N.W~ Canal in Sind-.Preventio:IJ.. ••• ·8. ··~ of scour below a bridge on the- · . - N. W. Railway Bridge over the ... ••• ... ..23 ••• N. W. canal near Ruk, Sind­ Deep scour d/s of the-e:xperi- . menta ca1Tied out to evolve a suitable design of pavementand . ·- side expansion to induc,e accre- ·· - tion. ·

N.W. Railway Embankment_:_ ... •••. 13 ... •·) Experiments with a 1/600: 1/120 model of the Indus River u/s of the Bukkur . Gorge in • connection with protection of threatened- 176

Pages of A~nnal Report (Teohnioal) for the year 0 1937,1938,1989,1940119411194211948119441 194~ ------~--8~8I -89 -40 -41~-4_2-L_-4_8~·--~--~---- 0

/ Offtake - Design of - at ·the ••• ... 9& entrance to the right pocket from the approach channel at Sukknr.

Off-takes - Sand selection at ••• ...... 7 ••• .... ·heads of- Off-taking channels-effect of ...... meanders of parent channel on-

Okhla weir-Road along the ... 56 ••• ......

Open channels-Inlet le~gth·pf...­ 52 ....

Open channels-Wave and Surge • •• 58 . ... velocity in "Open flow" versus "still pond" 22 ...... regulation ~t Son Anicut. · · Orissa, experiments with a verti- ••• ...... 19- cally-exaggerated model (1/400, 22 1/66) . of the Mahanadi and its branches at Cuttack. Orissa, Cuttack-Kat.juri and ...... 37 Mahanadi group of rivers near­ Experiments 'with a model of the ... ). Oriss~, Cuttack-How ·to control ...... ••• (111 ... deterioration of the Mahanadi group of rivers in- ···)• Orissa, Cutt.ack-How to prevent...... • •• (lll ...... silting of Kendrapara Canal .. taking off Birupa river, u/s of Mahanadi Anicut at Cuttack (Orissa). Orissa, Cuttack-Mahanadi and ...... 37 .. . 19· Katjuri at- Distribution of flol)d waters between- Orissa, Cut tack-Naraj w.eir at- ••• ...... 38 19- Standing wave and drowned condition of the-:-and their effect on the sand drawn h) the Katjuri. Orissa Flood Advisory Committee. 1* ...... INDEX 117

Pages of Annual Report ('J:eobnloal) for the year

- Ol'issa Flood Advisory Committee _ ••• 6. '... ••• . ••• ····' ••• ••• -Note for, on our "present knowledge re ·: the factors affec­ ting silting and scouring of 'channels". Orissa -:Flood protection meas'!lres ...... for Nuna Pothi Rivers in- Orissa-Prevention of silt going ... ••• into the Surada Reservoir at its 'Padma Intake in~ · ·

Orissa-Proposed temporary dry •••. 65_. ••• . " ••• ...... ~·· masonry sill for control of Sur Lake sea-cut with marginal embankments. Orissa Rivers-Meanders, data ...• 10 ...... of ·

. '• Oudh.axid 'firhut Railwa;r-Gim~ ••• ••.•. ' :· .... ••• •••. (iii)::t 10 . •... . ' dak River at Bagaha on the­ "which has outflanked the bridge . : t; -how to divert the-to its erigirial course through the bridge-

p • Paharpur Canal and Bilot cree~ .••• ...... 32 .... ••• Analysis of data-·

; Paharpur Canal in N.W.F. Pro­ ... .-.. 2 ••• • •• vince-Effect on supplies to the -by construction of the Kala­ bagh Barrage..

Pebbles and Sand entering the' ... 19 ...... Sarda Main Canal-Controt of -by constructing a regulator in the short Banbassa spur.

Pebble bed flum~Experilnents ••• ...... ~ ••• .50 ...... to see what changes occur when the charge of uniform bed material is suddenly increased.

Pebbles in pel:ible-bea flumes- ... ool ... 47 .••• ... Transportation of-" · · Permissibility or otherwise of ...... reducing spillway capacity, Berar (Akola Municipality}- 118 INDEX

. Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year p 1987,198811989119401194111942 1948,19''1 19,6 -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48

Pick-up weir · acros& the Mala­ ... prabha river at Shivayogman.dir, Bijapnr District {Bombay Presi­ dency) - Design of High Coefficient Weir for

Piers, .bridge -Estimated scour .... 24 ...... ••• at the, of the proposed bridge at Burdwan (Be~gal). · Piers, bridge - Suitable shape 9 ... for cut- and ease-waters of - ' Piers, Drag causing scour of ••• • ••• 12 ...... ••• pitching round

Piers -Effect of, on ~tan"ding ...... 59 ... Wave flume discharge c.o-effi- . cient.

Piers-Bridge,- Failure of the­ ...... 3 under construction ·over the Ajoy River m the Santa! Parganas, Bih~r, during 1942 floods. ·

:Pier,a, Hardinge Bridge - scour .. • ••• 88 ... round the

Piers -.Minimum safe levels of 32 ... . pitching routi'd ·~· Piers .....:. Slips downstream- of ....:_ ... 12 ...... due to ·high level pitching.

Piers -sco11r round the ••• 39 83 85

Piers ..;.. scour round the, of .the 45 25 ... proposed Eastern Bengal Rail- way Bridge at Amingaon onlBrahmaputra~ Piles -Longitudinal and cross ,.. • •• ...... ••• 1 row of - at the knuckle at Dunbar cotton Mills to enable accretion and silting to take place. · · · • 15 Pilot Model and mobile bed model ••• ...... ~·· -Experiments with - Pitching - High level - effect • •• ••• •• • 81 of -:-laid round Hardinge Bridge piers on the depth of d/s scour. Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year p, 19S7,19S81198911940\1941119421194Sil944Jl94.5 --18 -89 -40 -41 -42 -4S· . . - t . - . .

Pitching - Low · levei ~ round . ••• ••• . •••. ' ....,{.J 32 ~~~ ••• '... ' 4•• H~rdinge Bridge piers - f • i effec~ of, on scour d/s · j , '-

.,. ' . Pool - Improvement of -Raji- ••• ... •••• •' :w •• ' •··•••·• ... -wada creek and Ratnagiri Bay ( Bombar ). '" . - ~ Port of RangoOn Tidal Model. •••. : 101...... ··~

' • .. t •• Positioning of 'attracting'- iE!lands ••• ' 9i' ·~· ' as related to mea~der length.

Pothi -and N ~na Rivers -in the ••• , •~r .•. .... 7 ...... - Mahanadi delta-Experiments with a m~del. of the - .. Prediction of cut-pffs m the . 12 vicinity of Railway Bridges.

Prediction of the future move­ ...... - ·13 ... ment of the Gandak River at - Bagaha. . Present and future wate-r require­ ...... ,.. . •.. . .•. 91 ... -,' ments and supplies in the J umna . .-'- at Delhi. - ., Pressures m the Jamshedpur · ••• -· •••.••• - .... ; siphon spillway. · ,;

PI"evention of collapse of -Rohri...... • ••• i_ ••• -••,• ••• - 3* • •• "j_ Multan Road Bridge over Rohri Canal at R. D. 52,000 in Sind.

Prev~ntion of damage to the ••• ... ~...... 3,6, . ... Surat-Rander Road and the 87 city wall of Surat d/s of the Hope Bridge from :Hoods in the . Tapti River in Gujarat.

Prevention of erosion at Neamati ...... ~·· ...... in Assam.- ·

Prevention of erosion of agricul... ••• ...... •.• ·s,5, ••• -tural lands along the Tapti, .·84 Narbada and Sabarmati rivers. Prevention of erosion oil _Bombay ...... ••• .. .. foreshore , and reclamation of · land beariJlg S. No. 71 part of J uhu .and creek-land. _ · · ••• 3"'-· 'Prevention. of foreshore eros1on ... ~ ···s. .... at Vizagapatam. 180 lNDEX

i Pagea of Aanual Report (Teahoioal) for the year p 1987119S8jl9S9119~0~19~1~19i2ll9iSI19~'11946 r, -S8 . -89 -'0 -U -42 -~3 I

Prevention of further eros1on ••• ...... 13 on the left bank of the Rupnarain river above Kola­ I ghat Railway Bridge of the B. N. Railway.

Prevention of scour below a ••• ... ••• ••• ...... 3, ... bridge on the N. ·W. Canal in 23 . Sind. " Prevention of scour 1n Garang ••• ...... ••• river on Assam ~·ccess Road. Prevention of scour - Below .... ' ... 22 ... ••• ••• .... Dun·ani Outfall channel · at Quetta

l>revention of silt . going into the ••• ••• 2* .... Surada ·Reservoir at its Padma Intake in Orissa.

Priming weir d/s of the Jamshed­ .,. 26 ...... pur Siphon spillway.

Priming depths of the Jamshed­ ...... ••• 27 ...... ~ pur Siphou.

Proposal to construct a Barrage .. ~ ...... on Tank Zam in N. W. F. Pro­ _vince to split up water beLween several areas. Proposals to prevent a recurrence...... 3* .... of damage resulting from brea­ ches in the Damodar river, Bengal. Proposed diversion of 40,000 cs. •...... to relieve flooding at GQrakhpt11' on .0. and T. Railway. . INDEX ... lSI :Pages of Aiinual Report (Technioal) for the 1ear p 1937,1938,1989,194011941,1942,1943119441 1945 -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -4S . - Proportionalit.y of discharge ~ . ... ••• ... 43 S. ·w. F.s.and height of hump- Relation between -

.( Protection blocks round the spur ... 22 .... •!I• no nose in Sarda model-Design of - Protection of aprons-Characteris- 70 ...... tics of falling

Protection of aprons -conditions 72 ...... • ' .... under which they fail. Protection of a:pron. d/s of tail 19 .... ••• ...... channel sluices at Sukkur. ' Protection of. banks by falling 68 87 ...... aprons. Protection of Bridge piers against 89 83 85 12 ...... scour.

Protection of Bridge piers against ... . l12 ••• ...... scour and minimum safe level at which to lay alone around piers.

~· Protection of Bridge pier against ...... '35 ...... , ... ' .... / scour-Discharge ·causing fail- ·ure of~

Protection of Bridge piers against ., ...... 37 "'l'lh ...... ·scour- Effect of width of -

Protection of Bridge piers against ...... 87 ...... ' . scour- Comparison of Bar- ding~ Bridge data w.ith modeL . i ~ Protection of island nose d/t:r of ... , ... 15_ ...... raised sill in R. B. approach channel at Sukkur, by laying a atone• apron along its face. / Protection of Kaira town in Guje- 7'i 16 .... ······.' ...... rat (Bombay Presidency) by ··•··· training the Watrak river.

. 1, . Protect.ion of ·Railway Bridge at ...... ti'

Pages of Annual Report ( l eohnioal) for the year p 1937ll93811939119401194111942119i3119441 1946 . I~s ~9 ~o ~~ ~2 ~s ------~------'---~~----

Protection of stones and blocks- ••• . -... 50 Experiments to determine equi­ valent size and specific gravity of · Protection of the Bhadeli village ••• 52 ...... · by training the Auranga ·river (Dist. Surat), Bombay.

Protection o£ threatened N. W. "'! ... 13 ...... ••• Railway embankment-El:peri­ ments .with. a ·1/600: 1/120 model of Indus River u/s of the Bukkur · Gorge· in connection with- ·

; Protecting the toe of a t·etaiaing ·~· ... wall from scour, partioularly on a curve, in South Quetta, Baluchistan. Protection to the piers of the ••• ...... Elgin B r i d g e over the Gogra River on· 0. & T. Rail­ way.

Protective measures below t.he ... ••• ... ••• ... 21 new undersluices of Son- at Dehri - Bihar officers' pro­ posals tested in ModeL Protective measures - Dehri ...... 21 (!Bihar ) - Optimum . design of control blocks and deflec­ tors.. Publication of the Central 8 1 2 10 1· 3 ... 6 4 Irrigation ·and Hydrodynamic Research - Station,/Indian Waterways . Experiment Station, Poona, during the year. Punjab Engineering Congress- ••• ...... 5 ...... Written discussion by Director ori. "Rainfall and run-off".

Punjab Engineering Congress- ...... ••• ••• ...... ••• 91 Written discussion by Director on Paper No. 275 "River- training and control by pitched 'attracting' islands." r u ·n jab ~.Experiments with 27 28 · 29 31 ...... models of S. W. F. Falls on :Montgomery Pakpattan link. J.NDEX 183

Pagea of Annual Reporl (Technical) for the year 1987119881.1989,1940 1941,1942,1948 19U,194~ -ss -89 .. -40 -41 -42 -48 I ____.::....___ Punjab Government- Chos Act ...... 3 ...... · passed by the - for affoJ,"esta- · tion- Punjab Irrigation Nomograms by ••• ... 6 ·Mr. E. S. Lindley. , .

Pun]ab practice of constructing ••• ...... 98 headworks. ·

1 l unjab; L.J.O, L.O.O., Jamrao ...... ; •...... 23. ... canals and Sukkur Barrage Canals {Sind)- Relationship between area and discharge -' . Pori siltometer- Mea:t diameter .... 7 .of Sind silt and sand .by sedi"' mentation and.sieving methods, compared with that obtained by;-- ••• cc•

· Quetta, B~luchistan - Durrani 53 22' ...... 'i.":=• · Outfall channel, dissipation of energy 1n •••

Quetta~ Baluchi~tan-Spin Karez ... 65 diversion channel. ••• Quetta, Baluchistan- 'frnncateft 63 ... trapezoidal S W.F., design for a, for the Spin Karez Project. •.•. (ii)*' Quetta - Rohri Rail way-realign­ ···~ .... ment of the, necessitated by the danger of breachea in the margi­ nal bunde of the Indus above , Sukkur · • R

Rahuri causeway of the . Mula . 17 ...... '...... ' River - Afflux "experimenta to determine the effect of add- ing bellmouths u/s and d/s at the top of openings of the

Rahuri causeway·.;.... Training the 14: ·- ... . ~ ...... · Mula above the

Railway bridge d/s of Bagaha on ...... ••• 13 .•••.. the Gandak river - Proposed 184 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Tecbnical) for the year - R 1987,1988,198911940119411194211~48119441 1946 I-88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 Rail way Conferance Association, 1* ... Indian- discussion of the Note on "Protection · of bridge piers_• agamst• scour. n

Railway embankments d/s of Son .••• ...... 21 ••• ... Anicut - effect of, on sand · drawn- by M. E. Canal. Railway embankments- sluices 58 ...... for, on Abdulpur Nawabganj Railway (E. B. ~ailway) .. Rainfall and run-off in Indian ••• ••• 5,6 34 44, 68 catchments. . 61. Rainfall and run-off in· Anier1- ...... 6 69 can catchments

Rainfall and run-off from Karam- ••• ••• ••• ••• ••• ... 68 nasa river at Silhat weir, U. P.

Rajiwada _9reek · and Ratnagiri ... . ···- ... · Bay (Bombay), Improvement of Port. .-.... ·Rajkot State -Run-off from ...... 68 ... Lalpuri Tank in - Rajkot State-Thorala catchment ••• (ii) ••• in- Maximum possible dis­ charge from catchment of- Rander Road - closing of spills 88 ... on right bank u/s of Hope Bridge near Surat led to heavy erosion of the- Rangoon Port Tidal Mode]. ... _107 Rapid -Design of a, for waste 50 ... weir Channel of Spin Karez Reservoir, Quetta, Baluchistan. Rate of sand. attrition in channels...... ' ... 62, f4 Ratnagiri Bay and Rajiwada ...... 1* ... creek-improvement of Port. •• )* Ratnagiri- Erosion at-how to ••• ...... (11 -. .. improve conditions and prevent further- Recommendations of the Solani ...... ••• 63 ... dam section based on model 185

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) (or the y;;;-- R 198711988119891194011941 11942jl948119441 1945 -88 -89 J ;..40 -41 -42 -48 ~ I ..,!__,..:__l..-__,... · Recovery of head; modular limit ••• ... 37 ... and range in S.W. Flumes. Regeneration in the JuQJ.na river. , 93 ••• R~gime-Definit.ion of-. ... 2 ...... · Regulator-:-Makhi, Sind. 6 ... Regime ...._Divergence from- in 3 ...... stable channels in al1uvium.

Regime formula -Lacey's, in 6 - ··" 3 ... connection with model scales.

Regime-Lacey-theory. ••• -~ 4 ... . • ...... 4 Regime, natural, sand charge. . ••• 6,10 ••• ••• • ···. ... Regime sites-seven~in Sind. ... ••• ... Regulation and scouring of tail ••• ... 14 ... channel at Sukkur. , • Regulation of Son Anicut-present 20 method of-on rising flood and falling flood. Regulator, suggested, in right 16 ...... gorge between Sukkur and . Bukkur to control sand entering the Canals.

Regulator in a groyne to reduce 23 ••• ... -, ...... sand entry in M. W. Canal at I>ehri (Bihar). Regulator in a groyne to- reduce ••• ... 19 ...... sand entry in the Sarda Main -··· Canal at BllD.bassa (U.P.>. Relation between bulk proportion• ...... 43 ... ality and height of hUIIip . . - -, ' Relation between floods in the ...... 93 Monsoon and regeneration in the Hot-weather in the. J umna River. Relation between maximum scour ... 13 ..•. and discharge at Hardinge. Bridge. Relation between mean.diameter ... ••• - 4 ••• ••• of bed material and discharge in a canal system. lStt um:zx

Pages Annua~ Report (Technical) for the J81r R 19S7119S8119S911940 19tl 119t2119tSI19ttl 19ta ------.!...-s-:.:s....:.._-s9 -to -u 1-42 -tS Relation between the mean rain· ... 73 fall at Wada and Bhivandi and Bombay water supply-1895 to 1944. -

~elation between proportionality .••• ...... ••• 43 ••• of -discharge in S.W.F.s and height of hump-

Relation bet~een the size of air ••• ... \ ...... 67 ••• pipe, size of the discharge. pipe and the drum .with leakage from chamber. Relation N.V.(N =charge; V•. = ... 8 ...... terminal velocity) · . Relation-slope, of Laeey and ...... 9 .... Dr. Bose · Relationship between ·area and · ••• ... 23 discharge of LC.C., LJ.C. (Punjab), Jamrao canals and Sokkur Baraga canals (Sind). Relation between mean depth ... 24 and discharge per foot width: of Jamrao and S.B. Canals(Sind). Relationslpp between S and Q of ...... 26 ... Jamrao and Sukkur Barrage canals. Relationship between · surface 25 ... width and Q of Jamrao and Sukkur Batrage canals. Relationship between turbulence_ ••• - ...... 4 ••• and bed mix. ' Remodelling of Son Anicut at ...... ••• 20, Dehri. 68 . Remodelling Railway Bridge over ... 3, ... the N.W. canal at R.D. 75,000 23 on theN.W. Railway. ., Remc.delling the Rice canal .. in ... 3, ... Head portion. 104 Repelling groyne upstream of the ...... IS ... Railway Bridge on the Rup­ narain River at Kolaghat on B.N. Railway-comparison of results in the model and in the' river. .. lNDBX

Pages of Annual Report (Teofuiioal) for the year R 1937119381193911940 1194t 11942,1943 11944,19.41) I-88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 : .

Reproduction of scour-hole in. a .•. ••. ' ... ••• . 81 ... model d/s of Hardinge Bridge piers 2 and 3. ,., :Research work-Hydrodynamic, .... 2 ..• .· ..•.. •••. • c.• .. . done by the Special Irrigation ' '1, , ~ Division (Bombay), an outline of-·

Beservoirs-Detentio:Q, and their .... •... 8 ••• ...... effect on fluctuations in dis- charge, and sand charge.

Reservoirs - Silt accumulation ••• ... 6· •.• ...... \. in-:- . . .neservoirs ~Silting of- with ••• ...... "~·...... special reference to the Ekruk Tank (Bomba;v ).

Residual turbulence-Effect of.:...... • '83 ...... 'II=·~ on rate of· deposition of · .Sand-·

Retaining walls from scour - ••• ... "' ... -...... s · Protection of - by -means of .repelling spurs (Baluchistan), ·(advice without model experi· .mente). · Retro~ession d/s of Ferozepgre · ...... - -··· ,.. ·- 6 ••• ; .• wen-. ., Return, flow below expansions­ ... 41' ...... Conditions under which it develops. • I Revetment acts as 'attracting' · ...... 2, ·····' groyne 104

Review~ _Historidal- of steps ••• .•.. ••• ... ••• 11 ••• i•• taken by the Bind Govemment to collect data xn connection with Indus and to control it in its passage through Sind.

Rewas, Karanja and Dharamtar ~ ...... ••• I• ...... -Landing wharves at- / Rice Canal - Experiments with ...... 1, •. ••• •... model of, in connection with 2L . protection of the Railway Bridge at B.D. 74944-

Bice canal ID head portion - ... ••• ...... 3, ...... Remodelling the -l 104 lSS INDEX.

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year R 1987,1938 19S91194011941119421194lS llllt411UI) -38 -89 -40 I -U -42 -4S

Rice Canal-Improvement of the ... . 35 ... -due to Right Bank approach channel at Sukkur.

Right Bank Approach Channel at ...... 13 ...... ••• • •• · Sukkur - Alignment· of the inner bank of the tail channel and junctions of the outer bank with the Barrage. . , Right Bank approach channel at ••• ••• .20 ...... Sukkur- Alternatives for con-

structing the1 in two working seasons.

Ri~ht Bank approach Channel at ' ••• ...... •.. 102 ... Sukkur-Datum area.l,OQO ft. d/s of Sukkur Barrage. before and after the -was constructed. \ Right Bank Approach channel 19 ...... at Sukkur- Discharges avail­ . able for scouring the

- Improvement of the ... ••• .... 33 ••• " " Rice canal due to- - Junction of the · .... 15 ... ••• ••• " otiter bank of, with B:urage. ,

-Probable scour 12 .. ~ ··~ " along the banks of • - Scour around the .18 ... ,...... !J " nose of Right Bank Approach Channel at 12 ...... Sukkur - Scour at nose of ·.. · outer bank of, in protot:ype and .- ...... model. Right Bank Approach Channel at 13 ...... · Sukkur-Tailchannel scouring and regulation: - Right Bank Approach Channel at 9 13 12 16 ...... Sukkur-'Jo control sand enter- ing t~e Right Bank Canals. Right Guide Bank of the Hardinge 72 ...... Bridge on the Ganges (E. B. Rail way) - Reproduction of breach of, in model. lND.BX 189

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year · R 1987,1988,1989,1940,1941,1942,1948119441 1945 I-38 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 > >

• > Ripples and waves- classifica- •.• ... .. ••• 54 ...... tion of-·

Ripples and waves - Factors _••• ...... ~ 56 ••• affecting the shape and dimen- . -sions of':"'"'

Ripples ..... Effect of size, distribu­ ... . 51 ••• tion of particles, specific gravity, ' charge of bed sand and dis­ charge on. J .Ripple . formation - Mechanism ·•· ·.... 53 ...... of- . Ripples on }?ed-formation of . 55...... o .a•• Ripples to waves - Transition · ••• ...... from-

River discharge- Calculation of - 7 ··~ ·...... (a) at weirs and (b) by slo~ method. - River models -.Scour at spurs 88 ...... 1n- River model experiments - diffi- ••• ...... ••• . ••• 11Q-' culties experienced in-due_ to I 113 effects caused by vertical exag­ geration. Rigid structures in wide channels 67- -Scour downstream of- -··· ·71

I . . • Rigid, vertically-exagg~rated,, •• :· ••• ...... 103: .. models. · · I , ' River floods:_ Sunspot in tensity -··· ...... ••• cycles as a medium of -predict­ ing the 'probable d.ates of occur- rence.of Rivers on flood plains and inCised ... 10 ...... rivers-curvature of meanders in

Rivers ·on flood plains and incised · ••• · ••• 9 ...... ·~-- rivers - Relation bet w e en meander belts; distance between meanders on axis of stream,- width and discharge of·

Riv~r training and control by •• , ··~ ...... au ...... 97 ••• pitched islands. 190 INDEX

------~------Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year R 19S7119S8119S91194011~41119421194Sil9441 194b -SS -S9 -40 -41 -42 -48

River Training - the use of •• , 47 97 ... 'attracting' spurs and islands for- Road along the J umna from Delhi 56 ...... to Okhla weir.

Rohri and Eastern Nara Can·als- ...... 35 ••• I ••• Fluctuations of grade of mate­ rials exposed on the beds of the-

Rohri Cl),nal (Sind)-Effect of clos­ ...... 35 ••• ... ing the H~ad Regulator of the -from the top downwards, on .the canal Regimerc Roht:i-Erosion on the Right. Bank ...... •.•• (ii)* of the Indus above-and danger of breach of the main line, N. W. Rly. Rohri-Multan R

Roughness of surface-Effect of, ... "' ...... 45 ... on coefficient of H. C. weir. Rugosity of cement-sand plaster .••• 59 . in rigid channels. · Run-off formulas-Empirical- ...... 61

Run-off from catchments in Ceylon ...... -advice regarding probable_ maximum Run-off from Erinpura Reservoir, ... ••• ... 68 .. . Jodhpur State.

Run-off from Lalpuri . Tank in ... ••• ••• ...... 68 Rajkot State;

Run-off from the catchment of 39 ... ~ .. Lake Arthur Hill, Bhandardara (Bombay Presidency). lNDEJt 19J

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for tbe Je&r R 19S7111fS8,1989,1940,1941,1942,194Sil8441 1945 -88 -89 -40 ..u -42 -48

Ran-off- Heavy- from a small ...... 44 ••• catchment u/s of a bridge of the M. and S.M. Rly., wLich caused the river to overflow the em- bankment and . rail way track, . causing an accident. Run-off, maximum .. flood and ...... 34 67 catchment area- Relation be":" tween- 3, Rupnarain Bridge near Kolaghat ·~· ...... ~n the B. N. Rail way in Bengal 13 -Measures to prevent bank erosion at -' Rupnarain River u/s or the Kola- ...... H uo ghat bridge on the B. N. Rly. - Causes leading to erosion of the left bank of the-

Rupnarain River u/s of the Kola- ••! 17, ghat bridge on the B. N. Rly.- . .-20 Fair weather and freshet spring ; · · tides in the - in 1944 and in its mobile bed model. · Rupmirain River u/s of the Kola- ...... 14, ghat bridge on the B. N. Rly.- Maximum freshet ebb discharge . in the ·- in 1944, estimation . • ·of ·

'Rapnamin River u/s of the Kola- ·- ...... ••• 14 .... ghat bridge on the B.N. Ry.- liieander length of the - Increase in the-due to increase in freshet discharge- Rupnarain River above Kolaghat (iii)• 13 ... - Railway Bridge on the B. N. Railway-Prevention of further , erosion on the left bank of .the- Bupnarain River above. Kolaghat ...... -·-·"'·· lS .... Rail way Bridge on the B. N. Rail way-Repelling groyne u/s of the Bridge - Comparison of results in the model and in the nver- _.. Ropnarain River ·-above Kolaghat ·= .. ... 14 Railway Bridge on the B. N. Rail way-Tidal range of the - J i92 l:KDEl

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year R&S 1987,1988,1989,19401.19411.1942,1948119441 l9j6 I-88 ~89 -40 -41 -42 -48 Rupnarain ~ u/s of 'the B. N. ••• ...... 5-7 Railway Bridge at Kolaghat­ measures taken to control erosion of the left bank of the -by means of a deflecting groyne. Ryve's Run-off formula ... 67 , s. ' SabaJ:mati, Narbada and· Tapti ~,3, Rivers - Prevention of erosion 5, of agricultural 'lands, alo.ng 84 the- . . . · Sarbamati River...... ,. Measures pro­ ... 62 ... posed to Improve the water supply at Ahmedabad {Bombay Presidency)-

Sabarmati River ~ Water levels ...... 86 ~of maximum floods in .the - during 1893 ai_!.d 19H. Samasata spur on Sutlej river on ... .. , ...... a•' . .... theN. W. Railway to prevent 5 dangerous erosion. Sand abrasion-. Attrition- de- 51. 47 40 41 6 ...... gradation. ' Sand and clay layers -.Effect of 75 ...... launching of an apron laid on Sand and pebbles entering the ••• ... 19 ... Sarda main canal ___:. Control of . -by constructing a regulator in short Banbassa spur. Sand and silt on the bed of the ...... 16 Rupnarain River at Kolaghat Railway Bridge· on the B. N. Rly. Sand attrition -·rate of - in ••• ... 62 channels. Sand charge and discharge - 8 ... ••• .... affected by d e t e n t i o n · reservoirs. Sand charge effect on meanders 1 ...... , of rivers. INDEX 193

Pages of Annual Boport ('l'echnlcal) for the rear r s 1987ll9ft8 1939,1940,1941,194211948,19441 1946 -88 -89 -40 ~41 -42 -48 -

Sand cha;ga _:_Natural regime. 4~ ' ••• ... ••• ...... , . .' ••• -- t ••• Sand - Effect of residual turbul­ ... 33 ... ence on rate of d~I)osition 9f -_ . : ...

Sand exclusion and scour from - •.• ... ;...... 48- canals-Sind-Experiments to 59 test the design for Sand exclusion experiments with : 1 .....

a model of Faizwah Head . \ ~ . Reltlllator, · Ex. West FeeQ er ·. (Khairpur State, Sind). , 1- I Sand-Exclusion of bed, from 6 ... the heads of canal~ and .dis- . tributaries. .. . . ·. ~. Sand-Factors affecting exclusion 6 ... of bed 1. from canals.

S@ond from ·the J amrao Canal_:_ 8! .... ! •...... Exclusion of bed. -

i 1 Sand injection; sand and· silt in 67 ...... suspension in the Ganges model above the Hardinge Bridge . (E. B. Rail way )-Control of the ·

Sand- of the Brahmaputr~ a~. 44 ...... ,. .- ···. ' ... ..-... '"••· ..... ~ ..... 'Amingaon. Sand particles- movement 53 ... ~ of- . ' • I' .' Sand- Stable sections without •• : 45 56 .... sand injecti?n· · Sand charge-Effect of excess­ ... 13 ... on river movement. Sand charge - Effect of - on ••• -, .••• .5,1 .•.• ...... Climensions of a channel.

• r: l . ~ Sand charge-Effect of reduction ... 5 of- by sand reducing head Regulator, on dimensions of a · channel. ,._, Band charge and terminal velocity •• • ••• .... ~0 ,, : .... , .... ••• ··- l - Rate of deposition of sand governed by . ' Sand _. Control of bed, entering 6 57 16 . '19,; ••• ... ••• .,. .. the Mithrao and Khipro Canals Ex-Nara at Makhi (Sind). 194 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year s 19S7119S8119S91194011941119421194Sl19441 1946 -S8 -S9 -40 -U -42 -4S - Sand -- Control of - entering ~ .. ... 16 off takes. Sand - Entering R. B. Canals at ••• ' 16 . ... Sukkur- Control of, by means of approach channel. Saud - Entering the Sarda main ... 19 canal-partial control of Sand- Entering the Sarda main 20 canal- the c~;~.nals off Son Anicut at Dehri (Bihar)-Con­ trolling the- Sand excluding heads for. t4e ... 16, M. E. canal and M. W. canal 18 on the Son at Dehri. Sand - Model experiments to 19 verify the efficiency of a proposal made by the Station to exclude bed sand from the Sarda Canal by providing a regulator in the short Bap.bassa spur. Sand injector. ..r ••• ...

Sand reducing heads for the M.E. ... 23 ••• ... liS and M. W. <:anals taking off u/s of Son .Anicut (Bihar).

Sand · selection at heads of off· 7 takes. Sangli_ State - Desilting a n d ... dredging of Tanks in- Santal ParganashBihar- Failure ••• ... 3* ••• of piers of t e bridge under construction over the Ajoy .River in the-during 1942 floods. Sarda above the Barrage at 34 10 · 21 ... Ban·bassa ( U.P. ) - Training the · Sarda atBanbassa-Model experi- ... 19 ... menta to verify the efficiency of a proposal made by the Station to exclude bed ~:-and and pebbles' from the ~arda Canals by pro­ viding a regulator in the short Banbassa spur. INDEX 195

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the Je&r s 19S7,13S8,19S9,1940,194111942119tS' 1944:' 194ft I-SS -89 -iO -41 -42 -48 f \ :Sarda Main Canal (U.P.)- Ana~ ••• ... 30 • •• lysis of 10 sites on distributaries ··-· ... of the-Divergence from re~ime in stable channels in alluvium. :Saturation line - effect of con­ ...... •••. 61 structing a trench on the-·· ·- 'Saturation line or hy d raulio ...... 61 ••• gradient-effect of variation of u/s and d/s water levels of the Solani Khadir ·dam m~el on- Scale effect m high c::efficiErqt 40 .... , ...... weirs.

•· .Scale effect of vanous factors 5 ..... 2· ••• ••• ••• •c• . .affecting model results •

.Scale'ef:fect on coefficient of form. .... ' . ... 29 ...... -- drag. . :Scale effect to . determine eqm­ ro · ...... • valent size and specific gravity of stones ·and blocks in a model.

Scale ratioa-Method of calculat­ ... L ••• '107- ing ---:- in vertically-exaggerated 110 mobile river models. · ·

:Scale ratios of models and mean­ .. ~ .. 1 .... : ·..• .... ders• .Scale ratios of tidal models...... ; 104- .-105

Schoklitsch'e and Mey~r Peter's. ~·· ...... 4!) ··<~ .. .. Bed Load formulas and their comparison with Station for­ mulas. - 'Science Congress-Indian, Direc­ 1 ...... tor's presidential address to Engineering section of --:on. "Bydrodynamic models as an aid to Engineering skill".·

Scour along the banks of the ···• · ••• · l2 ... ..• . Right Bank approach channel I ~. i at Sukkur. · . ';~

~. Scour and accretion in models and· ... ~. • ... a, ...... ~ ···i 99" ... nvers compared. with special reference to islands u/s of the Barrages. 196 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Techoical) for the year s 19871193&1198911940119411194211943119i41 1945 -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 I Scour and Fand exclusion from ••• ••• ••• 48· canals-8ind-Experiments to 59 teat !he design for.- Scour below a bridge on the N. W...... 3, ... canal m Sind - Prevention 23 of-

Scour- deep-at left abutment ...... , ...... ••• - of Bridge No. 8 at Alur on Gadag-Sholapur line of ·the M. & ~. M. Rly. · Scour d/s of rigid structures in .•• ...... ' ••• 67- wide channels. 71

Scour-holes at several p~ints~long ...... - the banks of the Hoogh~y. Scour of banks - Prevention' of, ...• ... 18 23 ...... near Dunbar and Titaghar mills on the Hooghly by a tidal ModeL 'v Scour around the nose of the ••• ... 18 12 14 right bank approach channel at at Sukkur. Scour at spurs in river models. 38 ...... 14

Scour between piers with low and ••• .... 12 ... • •• and high discharges.

Sco'!r caused by Hardlnge Bridge ••• 12 ...... ••• pters.

Scour caused by left Bank groyne ... i. ... ' ..•. of the B B. & C. f. Rly. Bridge ~t Broach. Scour d/s of fiumed falls...... ••• ••• ••• 9T

Scour d /s of t.he Giro a Aqueduct ...... ••• 4 (Bombay Presidency)- Pre­ ventio~ ot Scour d/s o[. the Bard a Banage at ... 24 ...... Banbassa~.:.(U.P.)- Prevention or- '.yJ • Scour..:... Effect of high level pitch- ••• ...... 31 ••• ••• ... ••• iog laid round Hardinge Bridge piers on the depth of down­ stream- ~INDEX 19T

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the ;rear s 19S7119S8 ·19S911940Jla41 1942ll9&Sil9'411946 -18 -89 1 -40 -U -42 1-48

Sconr-hole-.Reproduction of-in ••• •••t 81 •••. 74 ... a model, d/s of Hardinge Bridge piers 2 and 3. Scour-hole d/a of the Hardinge ••. 5 74 .....

·Bridge. t' Scour·hole, 47 ft. deep-just d/s ... 74: ... of the Head Regulator .of the · Rohri Canal. · · · · · · •

Scour-hole, 35 ft. deep-ju~t d/s 74 of the Road Bridge at R.D. 52,000 of the Rohri Canal, which threatened to undermine the bridge.

Scour-hole, in the canal bed and •.• 21, ,.... bellied banks d/s of the Rail­ . 24: way Bridge on the Rice Canal . at R.D. 74944.. ·

Scour-hole d/s of the N. W. Rly. •••. # ••• ' -••• ... -. ... 23 Bridge at Ruk over the N. W. .. canal-conditions leading to- ,

Scour-holes of the present under­ ••• ! ••• 20 .... ,' ' . sluices of the Son at _11ehri (Bihar). Scour in Gararig River on Assam ...... Access Road-Prevention of-

. ,:.. Scour profile - maximum - ••• !•• ••• 4 ...... between guide banks of ·the Ganges at the· Hardinge Bridge. Scour-Prevention of, at junction ••• 21 .... of high level Weir and_ low level shutter portion'o£ the Son .·.' Anicut at Dehri (Bihar). Scour--Prevention· of, ·at nose of 19 ...... divide walls u/s and d/s ofthe · .· Son Anicut undersluices. · # Scour-Prevention ~f, d/s cif sluices ••• . .••• -- -'19 ..... 2Q ';: .. "-··· - .... of the Son Anicut at Dehri.- ...

39 83 35· ••• ..~ ••• Scour round bridge·piera...... ··~

Scour round bridge piers-Effect ••• 33 ...... ' .... of grade of bed material on 198 INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (feohnical) for the year s 1987,198811989,19~0,194111942119'8119'41 1946 I~s -~ ~o ~1 ~2 ~s .Scour roUnd bridge piers-Effect ...... of high level pitching laid round bridge piers on the depth of d/s scour. · "

Scour round bridge piers-Effect 33 ...... ••• ...... of oblique flow on ·Scour·rouna br1dge piers-~ffect 37. ••• ...... of width of protection on

Scour round ·bridge· piers-In­ •• l 32 ...... fluence of the u/s bed ~vel and material on bed on-· • Scour estimated, at p!ers .of the ... 24 ...... ' ...... proposed Damodar ·bridge at · Burdwan (Bengal~ • .Scour round Hardip.ge Bridge ... 38 ...... piers. Scour round piers of the proposed .45 25 ...... ••• bridge at · Amingaon on Brahmaputra. ' Scouring - of tail channel and ...- ...... regulation, at Sukkur. Scouring the Right bank approach· ••• 19 ... - .. ... channel at Sukkur-Discharges available for -sea ·wall erosion at Bomoay- ••• ...... ••• Prevention of- Seepage losses from canals- 60 50 ...... E1periments In connection with' 1(15 Semi-rigid, vertically-exa~gerated ••• ... models Seven regime sites in Sind. ... -...... •••

Settlement :-N.V. relation (N = 50 S, ... charge; V.= tenninal velocity 33 of sand). Shape and dimensions of ripples ...... and waves-Factors affecting the- Shape of catchment-effect of­ ...... ••• 68 ••• on the run-off. lNDEX 199

Pages of Annual Bepor& (Technical) for the year s 19S7,19S8119S9ll9401~941119421194Sil9£41 1945 .ss -89- 40 -41 -42 -48 •

'Shape of Channels - Effect of ••• ...... 83 ••• ••• .... ••• method followed in regulating d/s water levels on-

:Shape of channeis - -fa c tors ••• ' '•a:• . ••• ... 22 ••• • •• · - affecting the- Shingle entry in the Western ••• ... 2* ...... J umna Canal. Shock - Lacey theory of .:._:. in ••• ... -3 ...... channel flow • ' ··~· . .Silt accumulation in reservoirs. 6 ...... ' ... ••• -Silt and Sand (Sind). - mean 7 ... - diameter of, by sedimentation and sieving, compared with ·that obtained by Puri Siltometer. .Silt. deposited dUring the cold · ••• 38 weather in River - bed silt to be laid iri models to simulate the·

Silting and scouring of channels 6 ··~ ... '··· .... - Factors affecting the, Note for the Orissa flood Advisory Committee on our present know· ledge of the · .Silting of reservoirs and catch· ••• 82 ...... ment area - relation between the- .Silting of reservoirs with spacial reference to the Ekruk- Tank, Bombay.

.;Silting of the Grand Anicu t Canal,· 54 ... ~ ... Cauvery River (Madras Presi·- dency)> · " · ·

.Silt ·injector...... "' ... 56 ......

.Silt in suspension at Sukkui and · ·-·· -19 ... Kotri since 1913-Quality of .Silt on bed of Ekruk Tank CB.om­ .... 33 bay)~Effect of su~mergenc«J . ·- and exposure to a1r of, on weight. -. . .Silt- Prevention of-going into ... ; ...... the Surada Reservoir at its Padma Intake in Orissa. 200. INDEX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year - s 19S7119S8119S91194011941119421194Sil9441 1946 I-88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -43 Sina Riv.er with causeway at ~ile 19 ...... 5 of Nagar- Manmad RQad ·(Bombay Presidency)- Train- ing the Sind- Analysis of' Inundation ... ••• 29· ••• canals in - and its comparison 32 with the data. of perennial canals-: Sind-areas flooded as a result of ... 11 breaches in embankments in­ during the 1942 flood season- Sind-attrition of sand-minimum ••• 63 ...... velocity required for - Sind-Breaches in the Indus in-- ...... 20 ... How to prevent- · ··~ Sind-Causes of floods in- ... 12 ...... ,. Sind - Design of canals in -:.. ... 21 .... Part I - Ne}V Canals. Part II-Inundation Canals. S"md-Design of lower Sind Bar­ ...... (ii) 55 .. .. , · rage at Hajipur. Sind-Experiments with a model 26 4 12 12 ...... of . the Indus and the Lloyd Barrage at Sukkur for control­ ling · the sand entering the Bight Bank Canals. Sind Government - Historical ...• ... 11 .... review of steps taken by the­ to collect ·data in connection with the Indus and to control it in· its passage through Sind. Sind-Head Regulator Ex. West 21 ...... Feeder (Khairpur State)- Ex­ periments for sand control .. Sind - Indus at Sukkur- New ••• ...... 11 ...... factors which will affect the rate of rise of water levels in the- Sind- Indus in -Effect of con­ ...... 18 99 ••• structing a barrage across a river on bed levels and water levels u/s and d/s with particular reference to the- INDJ:X · 201

Pages of Auuual Beport (Technical) for the ieai s ' 19S7119S8,1989119401194111942,194Sil944·~ -88 -39 -40 -41 -42 -48 '

Sind-Indus in-Technical analy- ...... 15 .••• •• sis of the available data regard­ ing the rise of water levels of the- in the past and to be .~ticipated in future.

Si~d - Jamahoro ·. Bund on the · ••• ...., ...• ...... ••• 3!) ••• ..,,, left bank of the Indqs near Hy4erabad. · . . . Sind - Prevention of collapse, of ...... Rohri-Multan Road Bridge over .· Rohri Canal of_R.D. 52,000 in- .. I < Sind and Punjab data of channels ...... ·· ••• 2 ...... •. - Analysis .of Sind-Rate of rise of water level ...... 15 ... , in the Indus in-'- ..

Sind - Realignment of the Rohri . •• • I ••• ...... ••• (iJ* ..... ••• - Quetta Rail way necessitated by the danger of breaches in ' the marginal bunds ofthe Indus above Suk.kur~ Sind- Remodelling ·Rail way. •...... 3,. ••. _ Bridge ov·er the N. W. can_al at 23' R. D. 75,000 on theN. W. Rly~

Sind-RemodellingtheRiceCanal -••• ... ~ ••• ... ·a ••• in head portion. Sind - Rohri canal- Euect of ... 35 closing the h~ad regulator of the...:... from the top downwards on the canal regimen- Sind - site for the proposed new ...... Barrages in · ··~

Sind-:-:-specific discharge gauge at ...... ' ... 101 Bachalshah on the Indus in ...... Siphons-Volute--ori~ated and ...... ••• ... ••• 27 . (ii)• designed by Mr. Ganesh lyer -·Experiments to improve the design of-

Siphpns-Vo~ute - priming depth ...... ~ ...... 28 ••• ••• ••• and pressures in and coefficient · of discharge of-

Siphons at Markonahalli-Volute, ... ••• 27. •... ••• -priming -Experiments with a model of the-:- 202 lNDJ:X

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year s 19871198811939jl9401194lll94211943119441 1946 -88 -89 -40 -tl -42 -4S Siphon design, Jamshedpur- ...... 26 Depriming device of the- Siphon spillway experiments...... 24 97-98 Siphon spi 11 way for the J lmshed- ... 27 26 ...... ••• pur · Water Supply storage scheme1 Tatanagar (Bihar). "Siphon spillway - alternative· ... 20 ...... design of baffle platform.

I • Siphon spillways. ••!" ...... ••• 97·98 Siphon spillway experiments·- ...... 26 ... . • •• Jamshedpur - Priming. and· Depriming. . ' Siphon spillwars: ...... 72-78 Ganesh Jyer's volute siphon- Factors affecting the coefficient of discharge of - Siphon spillways in Jodhpur Stat.e · •.• ... 2• - Erinpura Irrigation' and Hydro-electrical Project. Siphon .spillways, Limiting . pres- ... 25 ...... sures m- Siphon spillway over the waste 59 weir of the Lake Arthur Hill at Bhandardara-Unsuitability of proposal for Siphon spillways. ·with fiared ... f4 · outlet.

.Slips d/s of piers du~ to high level ...... 12 . pitching• Slips in sand - Conditions under 75 ... which aprons may fail due to 9. Slope formula-Canal system type ... of- Slope formula-of channels. ••• ... 10 Slope formula-Dr. Bose's ...... 2 ... Slope- Inclination of, in falling 11 ...... ·aprons. Slope - Relations of Lacey and 9 ...... Dr. Bose formulae. INDEX 203

Pagee of Annual Reporli (Technical) for the rear s 19S7,19S8119S9119ioi1941119421194Sil944,1946 -88 -89 -40 -U -42 -48

Sloping groyne above the Old Rly. ••• ...... ••• 85 bridge on the Narbada River at Broacb •

. Sluices for Abdulpur-Nawabganj 58 ...... Railway embankments (E. B. Railway).

Soil- Transmission constant of, 64 ...... in experiments. for seepage losses from canalS. SOil denudation- .Excess sand ••• ...... 5 charge due to Solani Dam - Recommendations .... 63 ... of the - based on Model Ex­ periments •.

Solani Dam-staunching due to ...... ••• 63 -:. ... silting u/s of the-effect of- Solani embankment--. Leakage ... 63 through- Solani Khadir and Balta Jheel ...... 59 ... reservoirs in the U.P.-Model experiments in connection with ·

Solani Khadir and Balta Jheel 2 schemes in U.P.- Director's inspection of- Solani Khadir and Balta Jheel ...... (U.P.)- whether material is ·suitable for constructing a dam in the-

Solani Khadir Dam model-effect ... ••• ... 61 -~· of variation of u/s and d/s water levels of the- on hydraulic gradient or saturation line. · ~ Solani Khadir Dam Project - ••• 60 Special features of-

Solani soil-Transmission coeffici­ ••• 63 ent of the- --·· Solids transported-Influence of, 8 ...... upon rivers by Dr. 0. M. Whit~ Son A nicut at Dehri (Bihar)­ •.• 20 ••• ...... Controlling the sand entering the canals. . 204 INDEX:

' Pages of Annual J{eport (Tecbnioal) for tbe year s 1987119881198911940119411194211948,19!41 1946 -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48

Son A~icutatDehri (Bihar)-High ... 21 coefficient weir over part of­ effect of-on sand drawn by canals and formation of islands and chan nels u/s.

Son Anicut at Debri (Bibar)­ 2\.l 40 Present method ·of regulation of -- on ;:ising flood and falling flood. Eon .. .Aflicut at Dehri (Bihar)­ ... 21 .... Railway embankment d/s of- .. effect of, on sand drawn QY M.E. Canal. Son Anicut

Son at Debri

I Son at Dehri (Bihar)-Optimum ••. .... 21 design of control blocks and deflectors. Son at Deh,ri (Bihar)-Protective ...... ••• 20, mea1:mres below the new under­ 23 sluices. Son at Dehri (Bibar)-Remodel­ 19 w 14 ••• . ling the anicut . Son at Dehri (Bihar)-Scour-hole ... ••• ••. . 20 downstream of the present undei:sluices of- Son· at Dehri-Protective mea· 21 sores below. the new under­ sluices of-Bihar Officers' pro­ posals tested in Model. !05 • Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year s 19S7,13S8,19S'911940,194111U21194S,l944l ~ -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 l ------~~ Son River at Deh1i (Bihar) -, ·, •...... 41 Sand drawn by the canals and undersluices u/s of the anicut.

•· Spin Karez Di\rersion of channel ...... 65 ...... · · Quetta (Baluchistan). Spin Karez waste weir channel ••• ••• ·22 .... (Baluchistan) - Experiments with a model of. the, for dis-: sipating energy in the- Spin Karez Project-Design for a- •• ; 63 ...... truncated trapezoidal S. W.F.-' · ·

Special features of the Solani .••· •..•••. -••• -- .••• ••• 60 . .Khadir dam project.

Specific discharge gauges. at· · ' ... ·.· ... 101 Bachalshah on the Indus, Sind. Specific gravity and equivalent ...... 115- size of stones and blocks in a ... 116 model. Spur 6 at Tajewala Head works •.• ...... 97 acts as an 'attracting' spur.... ' Spurs~ttracting and repelling _ .••• ... 46 41 91 .••• Spurs-'attracting' at the Delhi.- "• ...... 41 ...... Gate PumpiJ:!g Station. ' Spurs-'attracting'...::.in the Beas ••• . ... 41 (ii)• ••• River. ·. ~ .. Spurs-Control-of the Jumna (iit River at Tajewala-by means . -. of- Spurs-Experiments with geo- 60 ••• ...... metrically-similar models. of ., various designs of

Spur · nose In Sarda model ·- · ••• · ••• . 22 .••• ••• ••• ...... · Design of ' protection blocks rqund the Spurs-the use of 'attracting'-· •.-...... 46 41 91 ... • for training 3 river, u/s of a· masonry work-

Stabilit~ ~f baffle d/s of S.W.F~ ... ••• 33 .,. ... ••• falls.

Stability-Definition of- ... 2 ...... -... 206 INDEX

Pages of Annual Ueport (Technical) for the year s 1987,19881198911940\19411194211948 19441 1946 I.ss -89 -40 -U -42 -48 . I .

Stability-Effect of f3hape of· ~··· 33 baffles on- ... Stability factor (fm) --Inglis', for ••• . , .. ... 2 ...... a canal system. ' · I

Stabilization of flow b e 1 o w ••• ••• 42 .••• ...... ••• S.W.F.s.

Stabiliser blocks in expansion d/s 24 ... ••• lit.• ••• of Girna canal.. aqueduc~ 4 (~ombay)- _ Stabilisers for expanding flow. 58 41 . 40 ...... ••• ••• Standing Wave Flumes-Coefli~ ...... 34 92-93 cient of discharge of · ·. · I Standing Wave FluJJle- discharge...... 59 ... 94 coefficient-Effect of piers on, in Sind falls. . . 'Standing Wave Flumes-Effect ...... 41 ... of friction on coefficient of discharge. Standing Wave Flumes-Effectof ••• .._...... ••• •· 48 ... piers on coeili.cient of discharge of.,... Standing Wave Flumes for the 8 ...... Jodhpur Water Supply channel - Des_igri for Standing Wave Flumes-Parallel ...... 21 ... flow through the throat of-

Standing Wave Flumes- Re· ...... 37 ... covery of head, modular limit, and range in-

Standing Wave Flumes-standard 45 24 ••• ...... 49 designs of- - ... .,...... Standing Wave ..Flumes-Trape- ... I zoidal , Standing Wave flume withcut side ... . 43 • ...... · contraction--calibration of

Standing Wave Flumes and flume ••• 29 .. - meter Baffie falls -Design of- Standing Wave Flumee and falls ... 35 ... -Discharge Table ·of INDEX • - 207· . Pages of Annual Report (Xechnioal) for the year s 1987,1988 19S9 1940,1941 1942rl943 1944 1946 -SS -39 -tO -41 -42 -43 .,_____.______· _ I 1 1 1 1 1 Standing Wave Flumes and Falls...... 32. •... U/s gauge and gauge ·chambers -Position of- . . ~ .

Standing Wave Flu~es and Falls ••• ... - ·, ... ••• 83 · ·-;_Velocity .of approach-effect ·of-

Standing Wave Flume Falls­ ... 33 ... .'. . Stability of baffles d/s -of- . . . ·~·

Standing Wave Flume- curva­ ...... , ... so-· ture of llow in the throat of a 85

Standing Wave Fl~me for the •• ,.. 'II Jodhpur Water Supply channel -Modularity of 20. cs. S W .F•• Staunching due to silting n/s of ...... • 63' the Solani Dam-effect of- 1

Statistical analysis of past ·and -.• ~. 6, ••• ~ future supplies available in the · ~·· 91 . Jumna at the Headworks of the Eastern and ·Western Jumna canals at Tajewala and at Delhi. · - S. W. F .. Meter Falls for the 27 28 29 31 ...... Montgomery Pakpattan · Link (Puujab) ~Experiments with models.of- ''Still pond" versus "open flow" ...... regulation at Son Anicut.

Stone apron-frot~ction qf island. ... •. 15 .... nose at Sukkur by laying a, along ila face. Stone apron-Testing, with scour­ ... 15 ...... ing dis charge in the pocket and ·~· tail channel at Sukkur.

\ Stone wall built to protect a palace ...... :_ ...... ••• "104 ••• acts as 'attracting' groyne and . holds the river perinanently along the face. f -

Submerged spurs to enable accre- ••• ...... 7 tion and silting to. take place in the scour-hole d/s of the knuckle at Dunbar Cotton Mills.

Submersible bridges ~.P.} - 31 29 Experiments with models of- ' - 208 Il'DIX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year s 19S7,198811989,194011~41 19!2119!Sil9!4,194o -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 1 -48 ~------~~~---~----~------~--~----~----~----- E:ubmersible,- bridges (C. P.) - ... 51 ...... Stability of , Sukkur Barrage Canals (Sind), ...... 23 ... L.C.C., L J.C.

Sunspot intensity cycles as a ...... ••• Ill ••• S6- medium of predicting· the · S7 probable dates of occurrence of river floods. Surat-Rander Road and the city ...... 87 .... wall of Surai d/s of the Hope Bridge at Surat-Damage in 1944 to-and recommendations to ameliorate present condi­ tions-

Surface l'oughness-:-Effect' of, on ... 45 the_ coefficient of high coefficient weus. Surging over baffie wall...... 80

Sutlej River .:._ Meandering o£ 2,6 (ii)• ...... the-lietween Ferozepore and Suleimanke Head works. UIVII3. 20~

Pages of Annual Report (Technioal) for the year T 19S7119S8119s911940jl94111942119'sl19441 194& -sa -89 -40 -41 -42 ~s • · • I .T

. Tail Channel at Sukkur-Align- ••• 13 ...... ment of_:. Tail Channel: Outer Bank of- ••• ... 15 ...... Junction of, with Sukkur Barrage•• ., Tail Channel scouring and regu- ••• ...• 14 ...... lation, at Sokkur. Tail Channel Sluices at Sukkur­ 19 ...... PrOtection of apron· d/s of the Tajewala.;_Control of the Jumna . (ii)• .••• ... River at-by means of spurs. Tajewala -Headworks at -of ...... 1* Eastern and Western Jumna canals. · · ·

Tando Mastikhan Fall on Rohri ••• ... 59 ...... ~ ... ..•. Canal

Tapti, Narbada and Sabal'mati ••• 3; Rivers-Prevention of eDOsion 5, of agricultural lands along . 84: the- .. Tapti River - Water levels of ... 84: .•••

maximum floods in the-dining \ . 1872 and 194:4. ,, Technical analysis of available 15 99 .••• data regarding the rise of water levels of the Indus in the past and to be anticipated in future-- Technical enqui.rjdnto the causes of ••• ...... 1 20 ••• ... breaches in River Bunda in Sind and steps required to minimize the danger of recurrence.

Terminal velocity of sand : N. V a - ••• 5.0 8, ...... relation (N = charge; Va = 33 terminal velQcity). Theory-Lacey 1·egime...... 210 UlDBX

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the yea-;-- T 19S7,19S8,19~9~194011941119421l94Sil9441~ I-88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 . Thorala Tank (in Ra.jkot State)­ ... Maximum. possible discharge from catchment of- . · Tidal model of the Hooghly River 18 23 18, ...... to prevent bank erosion near 20 Dunbar and Titaghar mills. Tidal models - scale ratios of- ... ••• 104- 101 Tidal models-slope exaggeration -·· ... 3 ...... and vertical exag~eration in - Tidal range of the Rupnarain ••• ...... River at Kolaghat Railway - Bridge on:the B N. Railway.- Tons and Gin catchments-effect of sforages in·._ on supplies in · the Jumna dttrin.g flood season & regeneration in the fair season. . Training a river u/s of a masonry ...... 46 . 47. ••• work - 'fhe use of ' attracting' spurs for- · · ·

Training of Luni River to prevent 36- it damaging Jodhpur Railway 42 line. · ' Training of Jumna River at Delhi _ .••. ... 43-. Gate Pumping Station with 4:3 pitched embankment . on the right bank .. Training the Beas River...... 2' Tr~ining the Auranga river to 52 ••• protect the Bhadeli village, Dist. Surat (Bombay Presidency), Training the Ganges above the 66 22 23 · Hat:dinge Bridge (E. B. Rly.). Training the Hooghly River at ...... 11- Dunbar Cotton Mill with a. 18 by-pass channel. Training the Jumna at New Delhi 66 55 Gate Pumping Station. • Training the Jumna at Wazirabad ...... 5 Pumping Station, Delhi

Training the J umna near Pallia 52 ••• ...... village (Delhi Province). ' INDEX 211

------~~------~~------.. ' Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year T 193711988,19S9,19401194111942,19.S,lt441 1946 1-S8 -S9 -40 -U -42 -.S Training the Kha!'i River eo as to· ...... prevent outflanking of thE!' pick­ • up weir and Head Regulator of the Khari·cut canal, and damage -·to Raipur villa7e in .Ahmedabad District. · Training ths Malaprabha. River- ...... 10, Experiments to compare relative 13 • merits of various .alternative measures for _relieving heavy scour at the Railway Bridge­ abqtmenl. - "Training the Malaprabha River to ...... ' ... 1-S protect the left bank and abut­ ment of the :M. & S. M. Rly. Bridge No.8 at Hole-alur on the Hotgi~Gadag line. Training the Mula River above 14: . the Rahuri Causeway, Dist. Ahmednagar (Bombay).

Training the nala passing through_ 81 19 '...... ,...... ; Aqueduct 14: of the Nira R B. Canal (Bombay Presidency),:· Training the river K1:1hipra near ... 2•,, ·41~ · Ujjain in Gwalior State. . - _5 ' ~· . Training the Sarda above the 34: 10 21 ••• _ ••. ••• Barrage at Banoassa (U. P.). Training the Sutlej by a series ••• ...... 41 of Islands ..

Training the Watrak ·river tO 71 16 ••• ...... · protect Kaira town, Gujerat (Bombay).·

Training works at Dingra ghat · ...... ••• ... on the Mahananda river in Bengal. • Transmission coefficients of the ••• ...... 63 ' Solani soil. Transmission constant of soils in 64: ...... • .... . experilllents to determine see­ page bases from canals.

I Transported solids - In.6ue:gc_e ol ••• ...... 8 ' ••• ... - upon nvers by Dr. C. M. White. · 212 INDEX

I Paees of Annual Report (Technical) for the year T,U&V 1987,1988,1989 19A0,1941 11942,1948,1944 194a ______;_-....:8..:;.8..:....:...-891 -40 -41 -42 -48 1 Truncated trapezoidal S.W. Flume· ... 63 ... -Design for a, for Spin Karez Project, QU:etta (Baluchistan). Turbulence and bed rmx­ 4 ...... Relationship between~ , Turbulence by Hot wire and Oscil- 74: 85 ... 54 ••• .... lograph -.in experiments for inlet length of open channels. Turbulence criterion. ••• 5 ...... - Turbulence....;;.Rel'idual-Effect of 83 ...... rate of deposition of sam~. Types of models. 4: 2 ...... 88 u

-Ujjain-Erosion of Kshipra River ••• •••. (11"")* 2* I at-control of- 5 ' United Provincee_:_Dissipation of 83. ••• .... energy below W type fall on old Eta wah Branch of Delhi Canal. United Provinces data-Jamrao, 80 .... L.C.C. and L.J.C. data-com­ pared with the-(10 sites). United Provinces-Prevention of ...... scour d/s of the Sarda Barrage at Banbassa. · United Provinces - Balta and ... ••• . (Ill)* •., ... Solani Khadir-whether mate­ rial available is limitable for constructing a dam in the- United Provinces - Training .the 34. ro 21 ...... Sarda above the Barrage at Banbassa. • Use of models for elucidating flow 8 ••• 2 ...... prohlems.

v Vadavar channel of the Lower -82 .. , ...... Coleroon system (Madras Presi­ dency)-Measures to prevent bed sand entering the · lND.IX 213

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the y;;;-- v 1987~1988,19891194011941 1194211948,1944 1945 -88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48

" Vanes, Large radius'-at Outfall ...... 16 •••...... at Sukkur to exclude bed· sand. · ' VarietieEI_ of water weeds on 1 ...... ••• • •• Deccan canals.

~ Velocity rods and current meters ...... 61 ...... -comparitlon of discharges cal- culated from velocities observed - with-'-

Velocity-Wave and surge, In 58 3_ ...... - open channels. - Venturi Flllllies - approximate 56 ...... ~ formula for Vertically exaggerated models. .5 '2,8 ···- ...• ...

Vertically-exaggerated models of ...... 102 rivers (tidal and non-tidal).

Vertically-exaggerated m o d e 1 ...... c •• - 19- (1/400,1/66) of the Mahanadi 2~ and its branches at - Cuttack (Orissa)- Experiments with the- 105 Vertically-exaggerated and sew· .,~ ...... rigid models.

Vertically-exaggerated and rigid •oJ~D ' ... ••.• 103 ···... : ...... models. .. Vertical exaggeration-Difficulties ...... ,...... ••• 110- experienced in ·river model ex- · 113 periments due to effects caused by- . . . Vertically-exaggerated mob i 1 e ...... , .. ... 107· river models-method of cal- 110 culaling scale ratios in

Vizagapatam-Prevention of fore· · ...... 3" shore erosion at - . · • ... Volute · siphon, Ganesh Iyer's- ••• .. ~ ...... 72- Factors affecting th!il .coefficient . 18 of discharge of-

42. V/V o Curves...... ••• ... ··~ . ••• 214 IND:B::t

Pa-ges of Annual Report (Technical) for the year w , 19U7,1938,1939119401194Lil94211943119441194b I-88 -119 -40 -U -42 -43 ------·------~-----~--~--- w Waste Weir at Lake Arthur Hill, 39 ... ,...... Bhandardara (Bombay Presi­ dency )-Raising the Waste Weir channel of Spin Karez 46 ...... Reservoir {Baluchistan)- Ex­ periments with a model of the, for dissipation of energy. W. type fall in the old Eta wah .,. 33 ...... • Branch of· the Delhi canal­ Dissipation of energy below the- .. • Water levels of maximum floods ...... 85 ... in the Narbada river· during 1886 and 1944.

Water levels d maximum floods 86 in the Sabinmati river during 1893 and 1944. Water levels of maximum floods ... 84 ... . in the Tapti river during 1812 and 1944. Water supply at ·Ahmedabad­ ... 62 ... . 'measures 'proposed to improve the- Water suP.ply at Cawnpore. ... 15 Water supply - Bombay city - ...... 1*' 1 * '... 70 ... augmentation of- · Water supply, Delhi...;... Jumna ... (iiit s, River training m connection 9 with-

Water table - Experiments on 60 seepage losses from canals. Water weeds and their eradica-- .1 ...... tion from canals • . Watrak River-Training the, to '17 1Q ...... protect Kaira town, Gujerat (:Bombay Presidency). Wave and surge velocity in open. ••• ... 58 3 ...... channels. Wan crest-Phenomenon at the- ...... 57 ... DlDBX 215

w

,, Wave crest - scour of the u/s ...... • •••...... 57 ••t • slope of the-

Waves- How to reduce~ in a...... ,.. 66 ...... Aock. caused by swell in harbour

... 55 .Waves and ripples-classification ' ... ••• ••• ... of- • Waves and ripples- Factors 56 ...... \ ~·· . affecting the shape and dimen- sionsof-

. Waves-Ripples to ~ Transition ••• < ...... 55 ••• from- Wave-wash· d/s of falls-compa- ... 32 ...... rison of results in models and prototype. Wazirabad- Alexandra· Bridge .. ... (i)• over 'the Chenab River near- steps required to prevent .... damage to the Railway Em-· bankment of the- Wazirabad Pumping Station, 3 56 ... 5 ..... miles above Delhi on the Right Bank of the Jumna River, .. Wazirabad Pumping Station- 5 ... •"81! Approach channel at-Effect of straightening, cleaning and · deepening. the- Water requireW:e~ts at Delhi. 91 . ... Waterlogging -Dangers of-in ...... 3* I ... ·the Eastern Nara tract in· Khairpur State ·in Sind. I Waterway of !iridges in Ceylon- ...... 2• ... advice regarding

Waves in a-model-apparatus for ...... ~ 66 generating-in a model.

. Weeds clearance-closure for 7 ...' ...... ••• ...... Weeds- Factors affecting the '1 ...... growth of

Weed growth - Effect of canal 58 ... ••• ...... closures on the, in Mutha R.B. . Canal, Poona, during the cold weather season. 216 INDEX.

Pages of Annual Report (Technical) for the year W,Y&Z 1987,1988,1989119'0119411194211948119i41 19!6 I-88 -89 -40 -41 -42 -48 • Weir-Fluid forces acting on a,:- ... 48 ...

Weirs, high coefficient ...... 99- 101 Weirs~ high coefficient - Experi- · 39 25, 42 ... .. " menta with- .45 Westerly movement of the Kosi- 15 ...... · Measures to check the-

.Western and Eastern Jumna t• . ·· CanalsHeadworks at Tajewa:la.

Wharves-Landing-at R~was, t• Karanja and Dharamtar: 8- White, Dr. C. M., Influence of Transported solids upon rivers by Working range of baffles. .. , ... 41 .. .

.Y Yield during monsoon from Tansa ••• '1'3 ... catchment-years 1896 to 1944.

z Zam T~nk in N.W.F. Province­ ... Proposal to construct a Barrage on-to split up water between several areas.