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Odyssey, Part 2 ■ 995 -1'3 1'-, $>1<->1-: ,1("(. 1(-,2(#$ <<H C5@4 @412;88;C5:3?@-@191:@? I $1;<81-:D5;A?8E-C-5@2;>@415> 2-958E919.1>?@;>1@A>:4;91 I '4159<;>@-:@@45:3?5:;:1? 4;91C588:1B1>/4-:31:;9-@@1> 4HE/DYSSEY0ART 4;C8;:3E;A?@-E-C-E I +;A?4;A80:1B1>@>A?@<1;<81@; >19-5:2-5@42A8@;E;A>919;>E52 E;A4-B1.11:3;:12;>-8;:3 (OMER @591 I +;A/-::1B1>3;4;91-3-5: 5B1?@A01:@?/;<51?;2@41<>1<->10 :@5/5<-@5;:A501-B1?@A01:@? 9->7@415>>1?<;:?1?5:@41!1 /;8A9:'41:4-B1?@A01:@?05?/A?? @41?@-@191:@?5:<-5>?;>3>;A<?-:0 9->7@41A501?-3-5:@45?@5915: @41>;A</;8A9: -,"$.1-,,$"1-/ &@A01:@?C588>1@A>:@;@41 :@5/5<-@5;:A501-2@1>/;9<81@5:3 @41 $$$->@ $ /,',%-# *'1'$0 ,1$/.$/0-, *$ /,$/0 1E?/1:1?5:@41 $$$->@ 2;/A?;:@1?@?K#0E??1A?@1?@?<1; <81@;?11C41@41>@41E4-B1 ' ! ''!' % " '' ' '' >19-5:102-5@42A8@;459$1:18;<1 %' ''!'#%'' %'!' !'!' ' @1?@?#0E??1A?@;?11C41@41>415? ! '!%''!!'!' '!'#%'!'! ' @>A8EC4;41/8-59?@;.1?7@41?1 !'# '''%'$"' ' !!%' ?@A01:@?@;/;:?501>@41A:?@-@10 % " & ''"!'!'$' !"!'!'!''' >A81?@4-@3;B1>:5:@1>-/@5;:? 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The next day, young Phaeacian noblemen conduct him home by wanderings of Odysseus after his ship. He arrives in Ithaca after an absence of twenty years. victory at Troy and the difficulties of The goddess Athena appears and informs him of the situation readjusting to a civil society upon his at home. Numerous suitors, believing Odysseus to be dead, eventual return home have helped make the themes of the Odyssey rele- have been continually seeking the hand of his wife, Penelope, vant to many generations of readers. in marriage, while overrunning Odysseus’ palace and The theme of the returning veteran, enjoying themselves at Penelope’s expense. Moreover, they are with the struggles to reestablish rela- plotting to murder Odysseus’ son, Telemachus, before he can tionships with spouses and friends inherit his father’s lands. Telemachus, who, like Penelope, still (and perhaps with a child for the first hopes for his father’s return, has journeyed to Pylos and time) add a human poignancy to this Sparta to learn what he can about his father’s fate. Athena epic adventure. Discuss with students disguises Odysseus as a beggar and directs him to the hut of the difficulties and emotions that Eumaeus,1 his old and faithful swineherd. While Odysseus 1. Eumaeus (yØ mè« ßs) Odysseus is likely to face after twenty and Eumaeus are eating breakfast, Telemachus arrives. years away. Athena then appears to Odysseus. 3 Reading Check ... From the air Answer: Athena tells Odysseus that she walked, taking the form of a tall woman, there are many suitors at the palace handsome and clever at her craft, and stood trying to persuade Penelope that 1000 beyond the gate in plain sight of Odysseus, Odysseus is surely dead after all this unseen, though, by Telemachus, unguessed, time, and so she must marry again. for not to everyone will gods appear. Each wants to be her new husband. Odysseus noticed her; so did the dogs, Athena tells Odysseus that it is time who cowered whimpering away from her. She only he put an end to all this. 1005 nodded, signing to him with her brows, a sign he recognized. Crossing the yard, he passed out through the gate in the stockade to face the goddess. There she said to him: “Son of Laertes and the gods of old, Vocabulary Builder 1010 Odysseus, master of landways and seaways, dissemble (di sem» dissemble to your son no longer now. bßl) v. conceal under The time has come: tell him how you together a false appearance; will bring doom on the suitors in the town. disguise I shall not be far distant then, for I 1015 myself desire battle.” 3 Saying no more, What does Athena she tipped her golden wand upon the man, reveal to Odysseus making his cloak pure white, and the knit tunic about the situation he fresh around him. Lithe and young she made him, will find at home? 994 ■ Themes in Literature: Heroism Think-Aloud: Context Direct students’ attention to the dogs’ behavior and seem to run away from her. at the appearance of Athena on this page: they Are there any more clues? Well, Athena cowered at the sight of the goddess. Using a is a goddess and very powerful. The think-aloud process, model how to use context dogs might be afraid and run away from to infer the meaning of an unknown word. a powerful person. I think that to cower The dogs cowered because they means to show fear before a powerful see Athena. In the same sentence, person or thing. they also whimper, or cry, 994 4 Humanities Eumaeus, the Swineherd, by N.C. Wyeth This illustration, like many for this selection, was among the sixteen paintings N.C. Wyeth, America’s fore- most illustrator of children’s books and classics, painted for a 1929 edi- tion of the Odyssey. Use the following questions for discussion: 1. In the Odyssey, Eumaeus is characterized as being loyal and noble. How does Wyeth’s paint- ing convey these traits? 4 Possible response: Eumaeus is pictured as tall, straight, and sturdy. He looks like a man who will not be easily moved. This firmness of his stance makes him look trustworthy. 2. Which dog in the illustration might be Argus? Possible response: Argus is described in lines 1163–1168 as “an old dog lying near.” Argus would be the dog on the left, lying down. 5 Critical Viewing Possible Response: Eumaeus appears to be patient, loyal, and practical. The pigs in the sty behind him are a clue to his profession. 5 Critical Viewing What can you tell about Eumaeus from this illustration? [Infer] from the Odyssey, Part 2 ■ 995 Strategy for Less Proficient Readers Strategy for English Learners Have partners paraphrase the opening passage Students may find the appearance of a goddess that describes the entrance of Athena. A in this scene challenging. Explain that gods and possible paraphrase might be: “The goddess goddesses often appear in human form in Athena, looking like a beautiful, intelligent Greek literature. Tell them that readers would woman, appeared to Odysseus. Telemachus, be familiar with this convention, as well as with however, could not see her.” the Telemachus’ inability to see the god, although his father sees her plainly. Ask students to identify details that emphasize Athena’s godlike qualities—for example, her height and the dogs’ fear of her—and the details that make her seem more like a human being. 995 6 Reading Skill ruddy with sun, his jawline clean, the beard Historical and Cultural 1020 no longer gray upon his chin. And she Context withdrew when she had done. Reading Skill •Tell students that the Greeks Then Lord Odysseus Historical and believed their gods often inter- reappeared—and his son was thunderstruck. Cultural Context vened in the affairs of human Fear in his eyes, he looked down and away What do lines 1021– 1029 suggest about beings, taking an interest in their as though it were a god, and whispered: the way ancient welfare and helping or hindering Greeks responded them. Remind them of the gods 6 “Stranger, to the presence of who have made Odysseus’ journey 1025 you are no longer what you were just now! agod? back to Ithaca so difficult. Your cloak is new; even your skin! You are • Ask students the Reading Skill one of the gods who rule the sweep of heaven! question: What lines 1021–1029 Be kind to us, we’ll make you fair oblation2 2. oblation (äb là» §ßn) suggest about the way ancient and gifts of hammered gold. Have mercy on us!” n. offering to a god. Greeks responded to the presence of a god? 1030 The noble and enduring man replied: Possible response: Taking the transformed Odysseus for a god, “No god. Why take me for a god? No, no. Telemachus shows awe, fear, and I am that father whom your boyhood lacked reverence. However, he also speaks and suffered pain for lack of. I am he.” freely to the “god,” and makes requests. These lines suggest that Held back too long, the tears ran down his cheeks Greeks responded to the gods as 1035 as he embraced his son. higher, but approachable, beings. Only Telemachus, uncomprehending, wild Vocabulary Builder with incredulity, cried out: incredulity (in« krß dØ» “You cannot lß tè) n. unwillingness be my father Odysseus! Meddling spirits or inability to believe conceived this trick to twist the knife in me! 1040 No man of woman born could work these wonders by his own craft, unless a god came into it with ease to turn him young or old at will.
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