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En Antologi Med Persiska Noveller Skrivna Efter Revolutionen I Iran 1979

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En Antologi Med Persiska Noveller Skrivna Efter Revolutionen I Iran 1979 ACTA UNIVERSITATIS UPSALIENSIS Studia Iranica Upsaliensia 37 Tavlan En antologi med persiska noveller skrivna efter revolutionen i Iran 1979 Forogh Hashabeiky (red.) ABSTRACT Hashabeiky, F. 2020. Tavlan. En antologi med persiska noveller skrivna efter revolutionen i Iran 1979. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Iranica Upsaliensia 37. 206 sid. Uppsala. ISBN 978-91-513-0751-0. Revolutionen i Iran 1979 har utan tvekan varit den mest omvälvande händelsen i Irans mod- erna historia. Det vore ingen överdrift att sammanfatta det postrevolutionära Iran som en tid präglad av kaos, kris, trauma och djupa själsliga sår. Aldrig någonsin i Irans moderna historia har behovet av att berätta och återberätta varit så stort. Det kanske mest utmärkande för den ­persiska­litteraturen­efter­revolutionen­är­dess­gränsöverskridande­karaktär,­både­geografiskt­ och innehållsmässigt. Den skrivs och publiceras parallellt både i och utanför Iran, och un- der helt olika sociala och politiska omständigheter. Antologin Tavlan är ett försök att fånga en skönlitterär bild av Iran efter revolutionen och samtidigt presentera några av de litterära strömningarna inom samtida persisk litteratur. Den innehåller tretton noggrant utvalda no- veller skrivna efter revolutionen i Iran 1979. Av dessa noveller är nio skrivna och publicerade i Iran av iranska författare, en är skriven och publicerad i Iran av en afghansk exilförfattare, tre är skrivna och publicerade utanför Iran. Ambitionen har varit att inkludera ett så brett och så representativt spektrum av berättarstilar, motiv och teman som möjligt. Nyckelord: Antologi, den iranska revolutionen, postrevolutionär persisk litteratur, persiska noveller i Iran, persiska noveller i exil. Forogh Hashabeiky, Department of Linguistics and Philology, Box 635, Uppsala University, SE-751 26 Uppsala, Sweden. © AUU, respektive författare och översättare 2020 Omslagsbild: © Pixabay ISSN 1100-326X ISBN 978-91-513-0751-0 http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-392968 Distributor: Uppsala University Library, Box 510, SE-751 20 Uppsala, Sweden www.uu.se, [email protected] Tryckt i Sverige av DanagårdLiTHO AB, Ödeshög 2020 Innehåll Förord.............................................................................................. 7 Introduktion .................................................................................... 9 Hålan ............................................................................................. 21 Jag är er sons mördare................................................................... 31 Blankvapnet .................................................................................. 39 Korsordet ...................................................................................... 63 Uttåget ........................................................................................... 77 Herr Davoudis triviala tankar ........................................................ 93 Landsvägen ................................................................................. 101 Några centimeter ner i jorden ..................................................... 109 Spindeln ...................................................................................... 115 Du vars hemland inte är här ........................................................ 133 Vad är lycka? .............................................................................. 161 Buddhan på restaurang Virvelvinden .......................................... 169 Några tillförlitliga skildringar av skärselden .............................. 175 Författarpresentationer ................................................................ 191 Översättarpresentationer ............................................................. 197 Bibliografi ................................................................................... 201 Tillstånd ...................................................................................... 205 Förord Denna antologi är resultatet av ett intensivt lagarbete och några av mina medarbetares extra insatser. Jag hittar inte ord att tacka Nils Wiklund och Kenneth von Zeipel som gång på gång läste alla översättningar, särskilt mina egna, och kom med ovärderliga förbättringsförslag. Utan dem hade denna antologi inte kommit i hamn. Mitt andra stora tack går till Alexander Nilsson som också läste alla översättningar mycket noggrant och bidrog med mycket värdefulla förbättringsförslag. Jag vill tacka Behrooz Sheyda inte bara för all hjälp och allt stöd under hela projektet, utan också för allt vad jag har lärt mig av honom om modern persisk litteratur. Utan hans vägledning hade jag knappast kunnat ägna mig åt modern persisk litteratur! Jag vill också tacka Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis redaktions- kommitté som bidragit med publiceringsstöd. Ett stort tack ska också gå till Bo Bergstrand, Maria Bergstrand och Atti Brinkmann som korrekturläst en tidigare version av manuset. 7 Introduktion Revolutionen i Iran år 1979 har utan tvekan varit den mest om- välvande händelsen i Irans moderna historia. Islamiseringen och införandet av sharialagar, det åttaåriga Iran–Irak-kriget, förföljelsen och elimineringen av oliktänkande iranier både i Iran och utomlands, kvinnoförtrycket, och en omfattande emigration utan like i Irans historia är bara ett fåtal exempel på det som har präglat det iranska samhället efter revolutionen. Det vore ingen överdrift att sammanfatta det postrevolutionära Iran som en tid präglad av kaos, kris, trauma och djupa själsliga sår. Aldrig någonsin i Irans moderna historia har behovet av att berätta och återberätta varit så stort. Den post- revolutionära persiska litteraturen, speciellt persiska noveller och romaner, bör därför ses som det postrevolutionära Irans försök att bearbeta de djupa sår som åsamkats nationen. Det kanske mest utmärkande för denna litteratur är dess gränsöverskridande karaktär, både geografiskt och innehålls- mässigt. Den skrivs och publiceras parallellt både i och utanför Iran, under helt olika sociala och politiska omständigheter. Medan litteraturen i Iran endast kan röra sig inom ramen för censurens tillåtna gränser har persisk litteratur utanför Iran för- fattats utan begränsningar. Idag kan man inte längre tala om samtida persisk litteratur utan att beakta denna exillitteratur, inte bara på grund av dess omfång utan också på grund av de förbjudna och tabubelagda motiv och teman den berör. Ett annat utmärkande kapitel i persisk litteratur efter revolutionen är exillitteraturen av afghaner och om afghaner i Iran. Samti- digt som iranierna själva tvingades fly för att komma undan krig och förföljelser i Iran, tvingades miljontals afghaner av 9 samma anledningar att ta sig till Iran och där lägga grunden för afghansk exillitteratur i Iran. Ändå har modern persisk litteratur i västerländska akade- miska och litterära kretsar fortsatt att överskuggas av den klassiska persiska litteraturen – i synnerhet den klassiska poesin. De enstaka antologier på andra språk som fokuserat på modern persisk litteratur har i regel varit tillägnade persisk poesi eller en viss prosaförfattares verk från tiden före revolutionen. Det finns ett fåtal antologier som berör persisk skönlitterär prosa efter revolutionen, bland annat Strange Times My Dear: The Pen Anthology (2005) och Stories from Iran: A Chicago Anthology (1991). Strange Times My Dear: The Pen Anthology of Contemporary Iranian Literature består av två delar, där del I är tillägnad prosa, noveller och utdrag ur romaner, och del II poesi. Stories from Iran: A Chicago Anthology fokuserar däremot bara noveller men den täcker tiden både före och efter revolutionen under perioden 1921– 1991. Det har också kommit ut ett antal antologier med persiska noveller efter revolutionen men skrivna enbart av kvinnliga författare, t.ex. The Shipwrecked: Contemporary Stories by Women from Iran (2014) och In a Voice of Their Own: A Collection of Stories Written by Iranian Women since the Revolution in 1979 (1996). På svenska finns det endast tre hela samlingsverk med modern persisk skönlitterär prosa: Getingboet och nitton andra noveller från Iran (1983) och Suleimans flykt och andra noveller från Iran (1988) som båda innehåller noveller skrivna före revolutionen samt Iran berättar: Dans på slak lina (2004) som innehåller elva noveller och utdrag ur romaner som till största delen är skrivna efter revolutionen.1 Antologin Tavlan är ett försök att fånga en skönlitterär bild av Iran efter revolutionen och samtidigt presentera några av de litterära strömningarna inom samtida persisk litteratur. Den 1 Det har också publicerats ett fåtal samtida persiska romaner, fängelsememoarer och diktsamlingar i svensk översättning. 10 innehåller tretton noggrant utvalda noveller skrivna efter revolutionen 1979. Av dessa noveller är nio skrivna och publi- cerade i Iran av iranska författare, en är skriven och publicerad i Iran av en afghansk exilförfattare, tre är skrivna och publi- cerade utanför Iran. Ambitionen har varit att inkludera ett så brett och så representativt spektrum av berättarstilar, motiv och teman som möjligt. Hålan av Qazi Rabihavi utspelar sig under Iran–Irak-kriget och handlar om en ung mans strävan att bli sedd, men med livet som insats. Novellen publicerades första gången i novell- samlingen Hasht dāstān (Åtta noveller, 1984) skrivna av åtta unga lovande författare på initiativ av Houshang Golshiri.2 Jag är er sons mördare av Ahmad Dehqan är en annan novell i denna antologi som berör Iran–Irak-kriget. Novellen är hämtad ur en novellsamling med samma titel som
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