What Is the Reprap?
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Rapid Prototyping Technology- Classification and Comparison
International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395 -0056 Volume: 04 Issue: 06 | June -2017 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072 Rapid Prototyping Technology- Classification and Comparison Dharipalli Hyndhavi1, S.Bhanu Murthy2 1M.Tech Student, Mechanical Engineering Department, VNRVJIET, Hyderabad, India. 2Assistant Professor, Mechanical Engineering Department, VNRVJIET, India. ---------------------------------------------------------------------***--------------------------------------------------------------------- Abstract - Rapid Prototyping is a group of techniques used ISO/ASTM52900-15 defines seven categories of AM to quickly fabricate a prototype, develop a product of high processes: binder jetting, directed energy deposition, quality, low cost in shortest period available, using three- material extrusion, material jetting, powder bed fusion, sheet dimensional CAD data, present in stereo lithography (.STL) file lamination and vat photo polymerization. format. Construction of the part or an assembly is usually done using 3D printing which is also known as additive 2. OVERVIEW OF RAPID PROTOTYPING manufacturing technology or Layer manufacturing. 3D TECHNOLOGY printing technology has guided the technology in advancing the design and development more quickly and at a much lower Prototypes were constructed by high skilled model makers cost than with that of the conventional methods. 3D printing from standardized 2 dimensional engineering drawing. The has wide applications in research and development of process was highly expensive and time consuming. With components ranging from simple structures to complicated advancement in technology of new CAD/CAM technologies products. This paper presents an overview of rapid and layer manufacturing, prototypes are being produced prototyping technology, its importance, classification and rapidly from 3D CAD models. Rapid Prototyping method has comparison of properties of products obtained by adopting two systems for two distinct markets. -
Additive Manufacturing with Reprap Methodology: Current Situation and Future Prospects
Additive manufacturing with RepRap methodology: current situation and future prospects L. Romero1, A. Guerrero1, M. M. Espinosa1, M. Jiménez 2, I.A. Domínguez1, M. Domínguez1 1 Design Engineering Area - Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia (UNED), Madrid, Spain 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical School of Engineering - ICAI, Comillas University, Madrid, Spain Abstract In February 2004, Adrian Bowyer, from the University of Bath, began an open initiative called RepRap, with the purpose of creating an open source rapid prototyping machine which, moreover, could replicate itself. This article analizes the current status of the RepRap initiative, commenting the basic components of RepRap machines, the differences between the different 3D printers developed by the RepRap community so far, and the technical possibilities that opens this technology from the engineering point of view. In addition we propose some improvements that could be perfectly feasible in the short term. For this purpose, the assembly of a RepRap Mendel Prusa was performed, but with some modifications. 120 1. Introduction to RepRap community. A 3D printing machine (and any computing device in general) is composed of hardware (electric, electronic, electromechanic and mechanic physical components) and control software (the logical equipment as the operating system or software applications), usually both developed by companies that control them. However, there are several companies in the world that are dedicated to the development of hardware in a peculiar way: they publish the sources of their inventions and sharing them with the whole world, with the aim that users from all the planet can use them and propose improvements. This is the model of open source hardware: hardware whose design, components, tools and documentation are open and they are publicly available to anyone. -
Advanced Manufacturing Choices
Advanced Manufacturing Choices Additive Manufacturing Techniques J.Ramkumar Dept of Mechanical Engineering IIT Kanpur [email protected] 2 Table of Contents 1. Introduction: What is Additive Manufacturing 2. Historical development 3. From Rapid Prototyping to Additive Manufacturing (AM) – Where are we today? 4. Overview of current AM technologies 1. Laminated Object Manufacturing (LOM) 2. Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) 3. 3D Printing (3DP) 4. Selected Laser Sintering (SLS) 5. Electron Beam Melting (EBM) 6. Multijet Modeling (MJM) 7. Stereolithography (SLA) 5. Modeling challenges in AM 6. Additive manufacturing of architected materials 7. Conclusions 3 From Rapid Prototyping to Additive Manufacturing What is Rapid Prototyping - From 3D model to physical object, with a “click” - The part is produced by “printing” multiple slices (cross sections) of the object and fusing them together in situ - A variety of technologies exists, employing different physical principles and working on different materials - The object is manufactured in its final shape, with no need for subtractive processing How is Rapid Prototyping different from Additive Manufacturing? The difference is in the use and scalability, not in the technology itself: Rapid Prototyping: used to generate non-structural and non-functional demo pieces or batch-of-one components for proof of concept. Additive Manufacturing: used as a real, scalable manufacturing process, to generate fully functional final components in high-tech materials for low-batch, high-value manufacturing. 4 Why is Additive Manufacturing the Next Frontier? EBF3 = Electron Beam Freeform Fabrication (Developed by NASA LaRC) 5 Rapid Prototyping vs Additive Manufacturing today AM breakdown by industry today Wohlers Report 2011 ~ ISBN 0-9754429-6-1 6 From Rapid Prototyping to Additive Manufacturing A limitation or an opportunity? Rapid Prototyping in a nutshell 1. -
Wire Embedding 3D Printer
Wire Embedding 3D Printer Jacob Bayless, Mo Chen, Bing Dai Engineering Physics University of British Columbia April 12, 2010 Preface This project began when, seeking a self-sponsored project, we decided to pursue the concept of open-source hardware. While searching for a project to develop, we happened upon the RepRap 3D printer. The potential to close the gap between software and hardware that a 3D printer could offer was apparent, and we immediately set out in search of ways to improve the device. Thus began what would become the SpoolHead project, but we three may not claim all of the credit. A large share of the credit goes to the inventors of the RepRap itself, primarily Adrian Bowyer and Ed Sells, but also many other contributors. We also should thank Sebastien Bailard for promoting our project and helping us manage documentation. All of our work on the RepRap would never have been possible if we had not come across Wade Bortz, an inventive and unbelievably generous Vancouver RepRap developer who offered to print us a full set of Darwin parts. When we found that our extruder didn't have enough torque, Wade gave us one of his own geared extruders to \test out". He patiently bore our nagging questions and bicycled all the way to the University of British Columbia campus to attend our presentations. Wade represents the best example of how a community can build itself up around a project and bring people together. It was already near to the end of February when we came into contact with Mr. -
Rapid Prototyping Rev II
Rapid Prototyping Rev II DR. TAREK A. TUTUNJI REVERSE ENGINEERING PHILADELPHIA UNIVERSITY, JORDAN 2 0 1 5 Prototype A prototype can be defined as a model that represents a product or system. This model is usually used for functionality testing and product visualization. Prototyping is essential in the development of products and all industrial nations have prototyping centers. In fact, prototyping plays a major role in the advancement of technology. Prototype In the prototyping development cycle, initial prototypes are built, tested, and then reworked as necessary until an acceptable prototype is finally achieved from which the complete system or product can be developed. Three types of prototyping PCB Prototyping Virtual Prototyping Rapid Prototyping PCB Prototyping The production of a functional Printed Circuit Board (PCB). The product can then be tested for its functionality and reliability Virtual Prototyping Computer-based without the option of a physical part or object. It uses virtual reality to create product prototypes and test their properties. It provides a virtual 3-D prototype that can be manipulated from all views and angles. The computer program can then test many aspects of the product such as vibration, forces, materials and weight. Rapid Prototyping Produces physical prototypes in short time (within hours or days rather than weeks). These prototypes are frequently used to quickly test the product's look, dimension, and feel. Rapid prototyping usually result in plastic objects. Prototyping Advantages Provides -
Hackerspaces
d WP4 | CASE STUDY Report: Hackerspaces Theme [ssh.2013.3.2-1][Social Innovation- Empowering People, changing societies] Project Full Title: “Transformative Social Innovation Theory project” Grant Agreement n. 613169 This project has received funding from the European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme for research, technological development and demonstration under grant agreement no 613169 Suggested citation: Sabine Hielscher, Adrian Smith, Mariano Fressoli (2015) WP4 Case Study Report: Hackerspaces, Report For the TRANSIT FP7 Project, SPRU, University oF Sussex, Brighton. Acknowledgements: We wish to thank everyone in the Hackerspace scene who helped us with our research, whether through interviews, welcoming us to Hackerspaces and events, or putting us in touch with others. We also thank our colleagues in the TRANSIT project, at SPRU, at UNQ and Fundación Cenit For their help and encouragement with the research. Finally, we thank the European Commission and their FP7 research programme For Funding the TRANSIT project. Date: 14 January 2015 Authors: Sabine Hielscher, Adrian Smith, Mariano Fressoli Contact person: Adrian Smith Table of contents 1 Introduction to Hackerspaces 2 Methodology 2.1 Researcher relations to the case 2.2 Methods 3 Analysis of transnational network(ing) 3.1 Transnational networking: Hackerspaces 3.2 Aspects of ‘innovation’ and ‘change’ of the transnational network(ing) 3.3 Aspects of empowerment and disempowerment of the transnational network(ing) 3.4 Other issues about the transnational networking 4 Local initiative -
Neonate: Reinventing Open Source 3D Printers NEONATE: REINVENTING OPEN SOURCE 3D PRINTERS
Neonate: Reinventing Open Source 3d Printers NEONATE: REINVENTING OPEN SOURCE 3D PRINTERS 1AMEY BAVISKAR, 2AMEYA JHAWAR, 3SOHAN MALEGAONKAR, 4ARTH VASAVADA 1,2,3,4Pravara Rural Engineering College, Loni, Maharastra Abstract— In this paper we are presenting a open source software Neonate, which is combination of two existing open source software OpenSCAD and Printrun using Slic3r and OCP (One Click Print) Paradigm. Neonate that allows the fast development of 3D objects for fabrication on 3D printers. Fabricating with Neonate helps user to easily modify, share or print the 3D objects. Usage of three different software just to print an object is an arduous job. Instead of choosing strenuous path for printing an object this paper allows user to use a single software. As a non searched result, we have observed that Neonate also helps users to save their time. Keywords—Neonate, 3D Printer, Open Source, OpenSCAD, Printrun, OCP Paradigm I. INTRODUCTION later, in May 29th the first replication was achieved. Since then, the reprap community (original reprap 3D printing is a technique of creating 3D solid objects machines and derived designs) has been growing of practically any shape from its digital model and exponentially. The current estimated population is using almost any material. With the use of additive around 4500 machines. The second reprap generation, manufacturing, it refers to creation of objects using called Mendel, was finished in September 2009. Some sequential layering. It is exactly opposite of traditional of the main advantages of the Mendel printers over subtractive process such as drilling, boring and many Darwin are bigger print area, better axis efficiency, other similar processes. -
Paste Deposition Modelling, Deconstructing the Additive Manufacturing Process: Development of Novel Multi- Material Tools and Techniques for Craft Practitioners
PASTE DEPOSITION MODELLING, DECONSTRUCTING THE ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING PROCESS: DEVELOPMENT OF NOVEL MULTI- MATERIAL TOOLS AND TECHNIQUES FOR CRAFT PRACTITIONERS A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Esteban Schunemann Department of Engineering and Design, Brunel University London 2015 ii I. Abstract A novel paste deposition process was developed to widen the range of possible materials and applications. This experimental process developed an increasingly complex series of additive manufacturing machines, resulting in new combinations of novel materials and deposition paths without sacrificing many of the design freedoms inherit in the craft process. The investigation made use of open-source software together with an approach to programming user originated infill geometries to form structural parts, differing from the somewhat automated processing by 'closed' commercial RP systems. A series of experimental trials were conducted to test a range of candidate materials and machines which might be suitable for the PDM process. The combination of process and materials were trailed and validated using a series of themed case studies including medical, food industry and jewellery. Some of the object created great interest and even, in the case of the jewellery items, won awards. Further evidence of the commercial validity was evidenced through a collaborative partnership resulting in the development of a commercial version of the experimental system called Newton3D. A number of exciting potential future directions having been opened up by this project including silicone fabrics, bio material deposition and inclusive software development for user originated infills and structures. iii II. Acknowledgments First and foremost I would like to extend my deepest gratitude to both my supervisors, Dr. -
Photopolymers in 3D Printing Applications
Photopolymers in 3D printing applications Ramji Pandey Degree Thesis Plastics Technology 2014 DEGREE THESIS Arcada Degree Programme: Plastics Technology Identification number: 12873 Author: Ramji Pandey Title: Photopolymers in 3D printing applications Supervisor (Arcada): Mirja Andersson Commissioned by: Abstract: 3D printing is an emerging technology with applications in several areas. The flexibility of the 3D printing system to use variety of materials and create any object makes it an attractive technology. Photopolymers are one of the materials used in 3D printing with potential to make products with better properties. Due to numerous applications of photo- polymers and 3D printing technologies, this thesis is written to provide information about the various 3D printing technologies with particular focus on photopolymer based sys- tems. The thesis includes extensive literature research on 3D printing and photopolymer systems, which was supported by visit to technology fair and demo experiments. Further, useful information about recent technological advancements in 3D printing and materials was acquired by discussions with companies’ representatives at the fair. This analysis method was helpful to see the industrial based 3D printers and how companies are creat- ing digital materials on its own. Finally, the demo experiment was carried out with fusion deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printer at the Arcada lab. Few objects were printed out using polylactic acid (PLA) material. Keywords: Photopolymers, 3D printing, Polyjet technology, FDM -
3D Printing at the Florida Public Library
Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 1 • What is 3D “printing” • A bit of HISTORY • Types of 3D printing technology • Really Interesting 3D printing Applications! • Bringing it Home Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 2 • “A process for making a physical object from a three-dimensional digital model, typically by laying down successive thin layers of a material”. • 3D Printing is also referred to as- “ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING” Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 3 A “Three-Dimensional Digital Model” (Paper ‘n Pencil holder designed by students in recent FPL class) Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 4 Finished product printed with the library’s 3D printer Student Product Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 5 • Invented in 1983, 3D printing is not all that new • Chuck Hull, recognized as the “inventor” of 3D printing, filed for a patent August 8, 1986 • Hull coined the phrase “Stereo Lithography” for the technology used in his 3D printer when applying for the patent (granted March 11, 1986) • Let’s watch a brief CNN interview with Chuck Hull Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 6 • The year 2005 is a notable point in the history of 3D printing. This marks the start of the RepRap Project by Dr. Adrian Bowyer at Bath University in England • RepRap is short for replicating rapid prototyper. RepRaps are 3D printers with the additional ability to produce most of the parts necessary to assemble another identical printer. Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 7 “Darwin” The First RepRap Printer Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 8 • With the history lesson covered, let’s look at 3D Printing in the 21st century • What Technology is used to print 3D? • How do you actually make a 3D printed object? Prepared by-Robert Persing April 2017 9 Concrete Type Technologies Materials Thermoplastics (e.g. -
3D Printing Focused Peer Production Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 2298
JARKKO MOILANEN 3D Printing Focused Peer Production Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 2298 JARKKO MOILANEN 3D Printing Focused Peer Production Revolution in design, development and manufacturing AUT 2298 AUT JARKKO MOILANEN 3D Printing Focused Peer Production Revolution in design, development and manufacturing ACADEMIC DISSERTATION To be presented, with the permission of the Faculty Council of the Faculty of Communication Sciences of the University of Tampere, for public discussion in the auditorium Pinni B 1097, Kanslerinrinne 1, Tampere, on 12 July 2017, at 12 o’clock. UNIVERSITY OF TAMPERE JARKKO MOILANEN 3D Printing Focused Peer Production Revolution in design, development and manufacturing Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 2298 Tampere University Press Tampere 2017 ACADEMIC DISSERTATION University of Tampere Faculty of Communication Sciences Finland The originality of this thesis has been checked using the Turnitin OriginalityCheck service in accordance with the quality management system of the University of Tampere. Copyright ©2017 Tampere University Press and the author Cover design by Mikko Reinikka Acta Universitatis Tamperensis 2298 Acta Electronica Universitatis Tamperensis 1801 ISBN 978-952-03-0492-8 (print) ISBN 978-952-03-0493-5 (pdf) ISSN-L 1455-1616 ISSN 1456-954X ISSN 1455-1616 http://tampub.uta.fi Suomen Yliopistopaino Oy – Juvenes Print 441 729 Tampere 2017 Painotuote Acknowledgements I would like to express my special appreciation and thanks to my advisor Docent Dr. Tere Vad´en,you have been a tremendous mentor for me. I would like to thank you for encouraging my research and for allowing me to grow as a research scientist. Your advice on both have been priceless. I would also like to thank Professor Dr. -
3D Printing and the New Shape of Industrial Manufacturing
3D printing and the new shape of industrial manufacturing June 2014 In conjunction with Table of contents 1 Introduction: 3D printing’s growth spurt 2 3DP-powered R&D 4 The longest mile: From prototyping to final product 7 Reaching the 99%: Small and medium manufacturers 10 Can 3DP shrink the supply chain? 15 3DP and the industrial worker: Awkward bedfellows? 16 Shaping your 3DP strategy What is 3DP? 3D printing, also known as additive manufac- turing, is the process through which hundreds or even thousands of layers of material are Introduction: 3D printing’s growth spurt “printed,” layer upon layer, using a range of materials, or “inks,” most commonly plastic polymers and metals. The additive process, which manufacturers have been using for prototyping since the 1980s, contrasts with traditional subtractive manufacturing processes based on the removal of material Surely, the potential of 3D printing (3DP) surrounding the economics of 3DP, we to create products. But recent advancements has captured the popular imagination. explore how and why companies are in speed, capabilities and lowering prices From jet engine parts to made-to-fit bikinis, bringing this technology closer to an effec- in printers and feedstock have broadened the technology is being hailed as a revo- tual tipping point of adoption. the use and popularity of the technology. 3D lution in how products are manufactured. printers range from small personal hobbyist According to estimates, the global 3DP There are signs that the technology is on the machines (under $200) to industrial printers printer market is poised to hit $6 billion cusp of being mainstreamed and thus there (hundreds of thousands of dollars and more).