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E.M. 2917 Revised June 1968

CONTROL OF INSECT AND MITE PESTS

OF MAN AND LIVESTOCK

COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE • COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE • WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY • PULLMAN In cooperation with the United States Department of Agriculture lssuecl in furtherance of the Acts of May 8 ancl June 10, 1914, by the Washington State University Cooperative Extension Service, John P. Miller, Director The information given in this schedule is for educational purposes only . Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no dis­ crimination is intended and no indorsement by the Cooperative Extens i on Service is implied.

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~JARIJ I i'JG t~ , When this bulletin was written several of the recommended pesticides were registered on a ''no-residue 11 or ''zero tolerance ' ~ basis. According to a new USDA-FDA ruling these uses may have been cancelled after December 31, 1967, unless numerical tolerances were estab­ k lished or research was underv~ay ~o obtain them . As of January 26, 1968, we had notre­ ~ ceived information from the USDA :· regarding the status of Ronnel and Co-Ral sprays or fly t :-· killing cords containing , , or Dimetilan when used for fly control on f poultry farms. The use of Co-Ral on dairy animals is also not clear at this time. . Consult your county agent or other agricultural authority before applying any of t hese ' chemicals . • •:= . PRECAUTI01~S I1~ USII~G II~SECTICIDES

This publication lists and describes control measures for the more common injurious insects normally encountered. The pesticide recommendations are based on research by scientists of ~Jashington State University, the USDA, and by other agencies. Those suggested are known to be effective and they can be used safely provided proper precautions are fal­ l owed . In many cases additional information may be obtained on description of the insects and their damage, their life cycle, and a more cieta i led des cri pt ion on their control . If your insect problem goes beyond the scope of this dis cuss ion, you can get additional help from your County Extension Agent. You may also wish to contact the ·vJestern washington Research and Extension Center, Puyallup, if you live west of the Cascades. For Eastern Washington residents you may write to the Department of Entomology, '~JSU, Pullman. are poisonous to man and ani mals. Use them only when needed and handle them with care. Follow the direc­ tions and heed all precautions on the labels. Keep i ns ecticides in closed, well-labeled containers in a dry place. Store them where they will not contaminate food or feed, and where children and animals cannot reach them. Avoid contact with pesticides, especially poisoned baits and concentrates. If any is spilled on skin or clothing, wash it off the skin and change clothing i rrme diately. Avoid inhalation of dusts or mists. Do not wear insecticide-contami nated clothing.

~ash hands and face before eating or S8oking and immediately after completing insecticide application. To protect fish and wildlife, do not apply pesticides in any manner that will contaminate lakes, streams, or ponds . Do not clean spraying equipment or dump excess spray material near ponds, streams or other areas that may be contaminated with the pesticide. Empty pesticide containers should be punctured, crushed or broken whenever possible so that they cannot be used for other purposes. Dispose of empty insecti cide containers at a sanitary land-fill dur,lp, or bury them at least 18 inches deep in a level, isolated place where they will not contaminate water supplies . Fo r small containers, less than one quart size, rinse the empty container out four times with water then, if you have trash collection service, wrap these small containers in heavy paper and place them in the trash can. E.M. 2917 - Page 1 FLY CONTROL FOR DAIRY FARMS INSECTICIDES Follow directions on the label in using insecticides. Do not contaminate feed, feed For Fly Contra 1 troughs, drinking fountains, or utensils. Insecticides are poisonous. Keep your milk pure and clean. OUTSIDE BUILDINGS Use one of the following treatments for fly control outside buildings. Do not use these sprays on dairy animals or inside barns or in the milkroom. Use 1 to 2 gallons spray per 1000 sq. ft.; spray outside surfaces thoroughly. Insecticide Formulation (Baytex) Use 4 to 8 oz. of 46% EC to 2 gals . of water. Ronnel (Korlan) Use 2 to 4 lbs. 25% WP to 12 gals. water. Spray to wet thoroughly. 1 gal. 20% EC in 49 gals. water. Methoxych 1or 4 gals. 25% EC in 45 gals. water. INSIDE tjARNS The following treatments may be used for fly control inside barns. Most of these sprays must not be used on dairy animals or feed; so spray when the ani111als are outside the barn, cover feed troughs or wash them immediately after spraying, and be sure no feed is exposed. SURFACE SPRAYS Spray surface to point of run off, about l to 2 gallons per 1000 sq. ft., unless other­ wise indicated. Repeat sprays as needed. I nsecti ci de Formulation Ronnel (Korlan) l gal. 24% EC or 8 lbs. 25% WP in 25 gals . water. l gal. 57% EC or 16 lbs. 25% WP in 25 gals. water. DDVP (Vapona, Di ch 1orvos) pt. 50% EC to 12 l/2 gals. water . Apply l qt. per 1000 sq. ft. (Cygon) qt. 2 EC in 6 gals. water. Na 1ed ( Di brom) pt. 41 % EC in 20 gals. water. Di azinon gal . 25% EC in 100 gals. water.

Dairy Farms E.M. 2917 - Pag e 2 FLY CONTROL FOR DAIRY FARMS Cont ' d BAIT SPRAYS In secti cide Formulation Trichlorfon (Dipterex) 4 lbs . of 1% formulation plus 4 lbs. sugar in 4 gals . water; stir until dissolved. Malath i on 1 cup 57% EC plus 3 lbs . sugar in 3 gals. water, or 1 lb. 25% WP plus 3 lbs . sugar in 2 l/2 gals. water. Di azinon l/2 lb. 50% WP plus 1 l b. sugar in 2 l/2 gals. water. IMPREGNATED CORDS Commercially prepared cotton cords treated with Parathion or Diazinon may be purchased. These cords provide long lasting fly control. Follow the manufacturer's directions and precautions . ON DAIRY ANIMALS Use one of the following treatments on dairy animals. Apply after milking. Insecticide Formulation App 1i cation DDVP (Vapons, 1% oil solution Apply 1 to 2 oz./animal as a mist spray daily. Do not wet ) the skin. plus 0.1% pyrethrin plus Use as a mist spray daily. synergist* 1% synergist Ciodrin 2% solution Apply a light application daily as a fine mist. Spray to thoroughly cover all parts of the animal including the legs. Do not apply in excess of 2 fl. oz. per animal per day. Malathion 5% dust Sprinkle 3 tbsp. on back, neck, and flanks of cow every 3 weeks; apply outside milking parlor immediately after milk­ ing. * Piperonyl butoxide, Sulfoxide, MGK 264, MGK R-1 1, MGK R-326, Cr ag or Tabutrex.

Dairy Farm s E.M. 2917 - Page 3

FLY COI~TROL FOR DAIRY FARMS Cont•d Insecticide Formulation Application Methoxych 1or 50% WP l tbsp. per animal. Sprinkle and rub into back, neck and flanks every 3 weeks; apply outside milking parlor immedi­ ately after milking. SANITATION IS THE FIRST STEP - and the most important one--in controlling flies. rt•s cheaper than relying on insecticides and there are no residue problems. Eliminate breeding areas. Flies breed in moist straw and manure, moist spilled feed and malt, manure drains, and decaying vegetation. Spread manure thinly over fields. Manure piles attract and provide breeding areas for flies from miles away. Use tight-fitting screens on milkroom windows and self-closing doors that swing out­ ward. WHEN NECESSARY - sanitation can be supplemented by proper use of approved insecticides. Take these precautions--

Use only recommended pesticides. Many insecticides are not approved for use on dai~ farms. Avoid contaminating feed, troughs, water, etc., to prevent residues in the milk . Follow directions so that animals are not in contact with insecticides that can be absorbed and transmitted to the milk. Do not use insecticides i n milkrooms . Fly control can be accomplished by sanitation, tightly fitted screens, and if necessary, careful use of fly paper strips. PURE MILK - is the goal.

Dairy Farms E.M o 2917 - Page 4 t3EEF

I nsecti ci de Mi nir~1um Days Insect and Tolerance Last App licati on Application and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaughter

Ruelene 0 28 Use 2 gals . 25% EC to 100 gals . water. Apply spray with (Spray) power sprayer or spray dip machine. Thoroughly wet entire animal . Use only a si ngle treatment. Use approximately l Cattle grub gal . of spray for an im als 300 lbs . or over. Use proportion­ ately less for smaller animals. Treat cattle as soon as possible aft er heel fly activity ceases, or about Aug. 15 . OR Do not apply after Nov. l . (Pour-on) Use l/2 gal o 25% EC in l gal . water. Apply l fl . oz . per 100 lbs. body weight along animal's back . For animals over 800 lbs . use only 8 oz " per head. Apply with long-handled dipper. No time 12-16 lbs. 25% WP in 100 gals. water. Use the higher rate (Co-Ral) limitation. in Northern areas or for late fall appl i cations when l ong (Spray) hair makes thorough wetting of the skin difficult. Apply as high pressure spray so as to wet the skin, not just the hair of the animal . Treat after heel fly activity has ceased (about Aug o l) depending on area. Do not treat sick animals . or animals less than 3 mos . old; do not use with , OR Allethrin, or Synergist.

Beef E.M. 2917 - Page 5

~EEF Cont•d

Insecticide ~1i ni mum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaughter Coumaphos No time Apply l/2 fl . oz./100 lbs. of body weight with a max . of 4 (Co-Ral) limitation. oz . /animal. Pour correct amount of liquid uniformly along (Pour-on 4%) the animal•s back. May be dipped directly from container. Do not treat lactating dairy an imals, animals less than 3 Cattle grub mos . old, sick, convalescent or stressed livestock. Do not treat animals for 10 days before or after shipping or wean­ (Cont•d) ing, or after exposure to contagious or infectious diseases. Do not apply in conjunction with oral drenches or other in­ ternal medications, such as Phenthiazine, nor with natural or synthetic or their synergists, or with other OR organic phosphates.

Trichlorfon 0 14 10 lbs . 80% SPin 100 gals. of water. Apply this solution (Neguvon) for complete wetting to run off. Treat as soon as possible 80% SP after heel fly activity has ceased and preferably at least (Spray) 6 weeks prior to expected appearance of grubs in the back. Treatment can be made at any time during the season. Do not treat animals less than 3 mos. old, sick, convalescent, or OR stressed livestock. Do not spray in a confined non-venti­ lated area. Do not apply in conjunction with oral drenches, other internal medications, or other organic phosphate sprays.

Beef E.M. 2917 - Page 6 BEEF Cont•d

Insecticide r~i nimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaughter

Trichlorfon 0 21 Apply 1/2 fl . oz o/100 lbs. of body weight with a max . of 4 (Neguvon) oz e/animal. Treat as soon as possible after hee l fly ac­ 80% SP tivity has ceased, and preferably at least 6 weeks prior to (Pour-on) expected appearance of grubs in the back. Treatment can be Cattle grub made at any time during the season . Do not treat animals less than 3 mo . old, si ck, convalescent, or stressed live­ (Cont•d) stock. Do not treat animals for 10 days before or after shipping or weaning, or after exposure to contagious or infectious diseases . Do not apply in conjunction with oral drenches, other internal medications, or with other organic OR phosphates.

Ronnel 0 28 Mix with grain or protein supplement so animals will receive (Trolene 0.3 lb . of a protein supplement 0.26% mixture /100 lbs. purified of body weight daily for 14 consecutive days. Mix with grade only) feed so that animals will receive 0. 33 lb. of the 0.6% 0.26% mixture/100 lbs. body weight daily for 7 consecutive days. (Mineral feed Use at end of fly season . Do not treat after Oct . 31 . mixture) Do not feed to livestock at same time any other organic phosphate treatment is used. 0.6% (feed 60 mixture) (with feed)

Beef E.M. 2917 - Page 7 BEEF Cont'd Insecticide Mi nir.1um Day s Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaughter Cattle grub Mineral feed 60 Mix with feed so that animals will receive 0.002 lb. actual (Cont'd) supplement Ronnel/100 lbs. of body weight per day for 7 consecutive contai ning days. Do not treat sick animals. up to 6% Ronnel.

Lice Coumaphos 1 No time Use 2 lbs. 25% WP per 100 gals . water. Apply when lice are a (Co-Ra 1) limitation. problem. Thoroughly wet animals. Do not treat sick animals. (spray) Do not treat animals less than 3 mos. old with Co-Ral . Spray animals 3-6 mos. old lightly. OR (dip) Use 2 lbs. 25% WP per 100 gals. water. Do not use with OR Pyrethrins, Allethrin or Synergist.

Ronnel 0 56 Use 8 lbs. 25% WP per 100 gals . water, or 1 gal. 24% EC per ( Korl an) 100 gals. water. Apply when lice are a problem. Do not (spray) treat sick animals . Do not apply more frequently than once every 2 weeks . OR

Malathion 4 No time Use 16 lbs. 25% WP or 1 gal. 57% EC to 100 gals. water. (spray) limitation. Thoroughly spray entire animal. Do not use Malathion on calves less than 1 mo. old. OR

Methoxych 1or 3 Ho time Use 8 lbs. 50% WP to 100 gals of water. Thoroughly spray (spray) limitation. entire animal. OR

Beef E.M . 2917 - Page 8

BEEF Cont 1 d

Insecticide ~~i nimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Fonnul ati on* ppm To Slaughter

Lice Ruelene 0 28 Use 2 gals. 25% EC per 100 gals. water. Wet entire animal. (Cont 1 d) Use approximately 1 gal. per animal weighing 300 lbs. or (spray) more . Use proport i onately less for smaller animals. If cattle have been treated for grubs, do not app ly Ruelen e for lice during Nov., Dec., Jan., and Feb. Do not apply to lac­ tating dairy cows or to dry dairy cows within 28 days of freshening.

Horn flies Methoxych 1or 3 No time 8 lbs. 50% WP per 100 gals. water. To back , every 3 weeks limitation. as needed, as a spray . Do not use on lactat i ng da iry OR animal s or wi th in 14 days of freshening .

Ma l athion 4 No time 16 l bs. 25% WP or 1 gal . 57% EC per 100 gals. water. To limitati on. backs, eve ry 3 weeks as needed, as a spray. Do not use OR Malathion on calves less than 1 mo. old. Coumaphos No time 2 lbs. 25% WP per 100 gals. water. To backs as needed as a (Co-Ra 1) limitation. spray or dip. Do not treat animals less than 3 mos. old. Spray animals 3-6 mos. old lightly. Do not use with Pyre­ OR thrins, Allethrin or Synergist.

Ronnel 0 56 16 lbs. 25% WP or 2 gals. 24% EC per 100 gals. water. To ( Korl an) backs, every 3 weeks as needed as a spray. Do not treat OR sick animals.

Beef E.M . 2917 - Page 9 BEEF Cont•d Insecticide Minimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaughter

Horn flies Ruelene 0 28 2 gals. 25% EC in 100 gals. of water. Apply approximately (Cont•d) 1 gal. of spray per animal weighing 300 lbs. or more, proportionately less for smaller animals. If cattle have been treated for grubs, do no apply during Nov., Dec., Jan., and Feb . Do not apply to lactating dairy cows or to dry dairy cows within 28 days of freshening. Ticks Coumaphos No time 4 lbs . 25% WP per 100 gals. water. Apply as a spray or dip. (Co-Ral) limitation . Do not treat sick animals. Do not treat animals less than 3 mos . old with Co-Ral . Spray animals 3-6 mos. old lightly. Do OR not use with Pyrethrins, , or Synergist. Malathion 4 No time 16 lbs. 25% WP or 1 gal. 57% EC per 100 gals. water. Apply 1i mi tat ion. as a spray or dip. Do not apply to calves under 1 mo. of OR age .

Ronnel 0 56 24 lbs . 25% WP or 3 gals. 24% EC per 100 gals . water . App ly (Korlan) as a spray or dip . Do not apply more frequently than once every 2 weeks. Spinose ear Coumaphos No time 5% dust in plastic squeeze bottle . Dust lightly inside ears. tick (Co-Ral) limitation. Repeat as necessary . For external insecticidal use on animals only .

Face fly Methoxych 1or 3 No time Use 8 lbs . 50% WP to 100 gals. water . Thoroughly spray en- (spray) limitation . tire animal . Do not use on lactating dairy animals or within OR 14 days of freshening.

Beef E.M. 2917 - Page 10 BE EF Cont'd

Insecticide r~ i nimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Ap plication App l i cation and Remarks Formulation* ppm To S l au.9..bte r _____

Face Fl y ~1 ethoxych 1or 3 No time 2% dust applied in dust bag back and head (Cont'd ) (dust) 1 i mi ta t i on . rubber. (Do not use if ani mals are beino finished for slaughter.) Coumaphos No ti !'n e 1% Coumaphos in Diesel oi l. Use 1 gallon of oil solution (Co -Ral) 1i mi tat ion . per 20 linear feet of back rubber cable.

Ciodrin 0 No time 1% Ciodrin in Diesel oil. Use l aallon of oil solution 1i mi ta t i on o oer 20 linear feet of back rubber ~ cable. 3% Ciodrin Dust aP-~li~d in dust baqs back and head rubber.

Beef E.M. 2917 - Page 11 DAIRY ANIMALS Insecticide Minimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaughter Cattle grubs Rotenone 0 No time 7 lbs. 5% WP per 100 gals . water. Apply at high pressure, (spray) limitation. 300 p.s . i ., to wet the skin as soon as first lumps appear on back of animal in spring. Treat two times afterwards at monthly intervals . Lice Rotenone 0 No time 2 lbs. 5% WP per 100 gals. water. Apply at high pressure . (spray) limitation. Two treatments about 3 weeks apart, are needed.

Horn flies 0 No time With oil base spray containing 0.1% Pyrethrum plus a syner- limitation. gist. During the fly season apply daily after milking . 1 to 2 fl . oz . of spray should be applied per animal, well dis­ OR tributed over the whole cow. Methoxych 1or 0 No time 1 tbsp. of 50% Methoxychlor WP. Sprinkle and rub into back, 1i mi tat i on . neck and flanks of animal every 3 weeks. Ticks Pyrethrum 0 No time Wi th oil base spray containing 0.1% Pyrethrum plus a syner­ 1i mi ta t i on . gist. Several sprayings two weeks apart may be needed. Face fly Vapona 0 No time With l/2% Vapona bait applied to face only . Bait should be ( DDVP) limitation. fresh . 3 fl . oz . (6 tbsp.) of 23.7% Vapona EC (2 lbs ./gal . ) should be mixed with 1 qt. of water and 3 qts . of corn syrup . This makes 1 gallon of bait mixture and will treat about 1000 animals once. One stroke of the Vapona sprayer sprays l/6 fl . oz. of bait. This is the correct amount for 1 cow. Apply as coarse spray from poll down to but not on muzzle . Or paint 6 inch stroke across cow's forehead with brush . Treat after milking.

Dairy Animals E.M. 29 17 - Pag e 12 DAI RY ANIMALS Cont ' d Insecticide Mi nimum Days In sect and Tolerance Last Appl i cation Appl i cati on and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaughter Face fly Methoxychlor 0 No time (Cont'd) 1i mi ta t i on . Coumaphos [0] No time 1% Coumaphos in Diesel oil. Use 1 gallon of oil solution (Co-Ral) 1i mi ta t i on . per 20 linear feet of back rubber cable. Ciodrin 0 No time 1% Ciodrin in Diesel oil. Use 1 gallon of oil solution 1i mi tat i on . per 20 linear feet of back rubber cable. 3% Ciodrin Dust applied in dust bag, back and head rubber. [0] - See Cover.

Dairy Animals E.M. 2917 - Page 13 HORSES Insecticide Minimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaughter Face fly Vapona bait Use 0.5% Vapona bait. l/6 fl. oz. per horse. Bait should be (DDVP) made up fresh . 3 fl o oz . (6 tbsp.) of 23.7% Vapona EC (2 lbs . /gal . ) should be mixed with 1 qt. of water and 3 qts. of corn syrup o 1 gal . of this bait makes mixture and will treat about 1000 animals once. One stroke of the Vapona sprayer sprays l/6 fl. oz. of bait. This is the correct amount for 1 horse. Apply as coarse spray from poll down to but not on muzzle . Or paint 6 in. stroke across horse's forehead with 1 in. brush . Horse bots Trichlorfon 1 packet (5 grams) should be given per 250 lbs. body weight . (Anthon Horse Repeat at 3-4 month intervals . Mix required dose into the Wormer) amount of feed to be taken at one feeding. Do not overdose. Consult veterinarian for bot control. Do not treat within at least 60 days of previous treatment. Do not treat sick or stressed horses for bots until general health has improved. Do not treat colts under 4 mos. old, mares in last month pregnancy. Do not use other insecticides or intravenous anaesthetics for at least 14 days before or after Trichlorfon treatment. Lice Lindane As a spray 2 lbs. 25% WP per 100 gals. water. Repeat 2 weeks after first spray. Keep solution stirred up. Mange

Horses E.M. 29 17 - Page 14 HORSES Cont'd Insecticide Minimum Days Insect and Tol erance Last Applicati on App lication and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaugh ter Horse fl i es Pyrethrum As a spray 0.1% Pyrethrum with synerg ist. Apply at least 2 fl. oz . per horse . Spray daily when fly season begins. Deer flies Every other day when flies are reduced in numbers or during cool weather. Stable flies CAUTION: Lice, Mange and Bot control treatments are only for horses not to be used for food.

Horses E.M. 2917 - Page 15 SHEEP AND GOATS Insecticide Minimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Formulati on* ppm To Slaughter Sheep Keds Coumaphos 1 15 4 lbs . 25% WP per 100 gals. water. Apply as spray or dip. (Co-Ral) Do not use on lactating dairy goats or within 14 days of (Sheep ticks) freshening. Do not treat animals less than 3 mos. old. Spray animals 3-6 mos. old lightly. Do not use with Pyrethrins, OR Allethrins, or Synergist. Diazinon 0 . 75 14 As a pour-on 0.06% Diazinon sprinkled on from watering can. (Use on 1 oz . 50% WP in 6 gals . water will treat 24 sheep . Keep sheep only) liquid stirred to prevent settling out . App ly 1 qt. per sheep or lamb by sprinkling with a watering can the heads and bodies of penned sheep . Do not use Diazinon if there are OR lambs less than 2 weeks old in the flock to be treated.

Malathion 4 No time As a spray or dip 16 lbs. 25% WP per 100 gals . wate r. As a limitation . dust 5% dust at rate of 2 oz . per head. Do not apply to lactating dairy goats . Do not use Malathion on animals less OR than 1 mo. old.

Ronn el 0 84 As a spray or dip 8 lbs. 25% WP or 1 gal . 24% EC per 100 ( Korl an) gals . Thoroughly wet animals . Do not apply more frequently than once every 2 weeks. Do not apply to lactati ng dairy OR ani mals or dry animals wi thin 21 days of fresheni ng.

Rotenone 0 No tirne As a spray or dip 1 lb. 5% WP to 100 gals. water. Th oroughly limitation. drench c

Sheep and Goats E.M. 2917 - Page 16 SHEEP AND GOATS Cont'd Insecticide Minimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Form ulati on* ppm To Sl aug hte r Lice Coumaphos 15 As a spray 2 lbs. 25% WP per 100 gals. wate r . Thorou ghly (Co-Ra l) drench animals . Do not apply to lactating da iry goats or to dry dairy goats within 14 days of freshening. Do not treat animals less than 1 mo. old. · Spray an im als 3-6 mos . old li tly. Do not use with Pyrethrins, Allethrin, or OR Synergist.

Malathion 4 No time As a spray 16 lbs . 25% WP to 100 gals. water . As a dust 5% limitation at 2 oz . per head. Thorough application . Do no t apply to OR lactati ng dairy goats or animals less than 1 mo . old .

Methoxych 1or 3 No time As a 5% dust. Thorough application. Work dust into wool. limitation. Do not ap pl y t o lact at ing goats . OR

Ronne l 0 84 As a spray 8 l bs . 25% WP or 1 gal. 24% EC per 100 gals. ( Korl an ) wa ter. Thoroughly wet animals. Do not apply more frequently than once every 2 weeks. Do not treat lactating dairy OR ani mal s , or within 21 days of freshening.

Rotenon e 0 No time As a spray or dip 1 lb. 5% WP to 100 gals. water. Thoroughly limitation. wet animals. OR Diazinon 0. 75 14 As a pour- on 0.06% Diazinon sprinkled on from watering ca n. (Use on 1 OZ o 50% WP in 6 gals. water will t reat 25 sh eep. Keep sheep only) liquid stirred to prevent settling out. Apply 1 qt. per sheep or lamb by sprinkling with a watering can the heads and bodies of penned sheep. Do not use Diazinon if t here are lambs less than 2 weeks old in the flock to be treated.

Sheep and Goats E.M. 2917 - Page 17 SHEEP AND GOATS Cont•d Insecticide Minimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Formulation* ppm To S1 a ugh ter Fleece worms Coumaphos 15 As a spray 4 lbs. 25% WP per 100 gals. water. Spray or dip (Co-Ral) applications . Do not use on lactating dairy goats or within 14 days of freshening. Do not treat animals less than 3 mos . old with Co-Ral. Spray 3-6 mos. old animals lightly. Do not OR use with Pyrethrins, Al lethrin, or Synergist. Ronnel 0 84 As a spray 16 lbs . 25% WP per 100 gals . water. Thoroughly (Karl an) wet animals. Do not use on lactating dairy goats or on dry animals within 21 days of freshening. Do not apply more than once every 2 weeks throughout the season. Ticks Coumaphos 15 As a spray 4 lbs . 25% WP per 100 gals . water . Repeat as nec­ (Co-Ra 1) essary . Do not use on lactating goats or within 14 days of freshening. Do not use with Pyreth rins, Allethrin, or Syner­ gist. Do not use on dairy goats within 14 days of freshen­ OR ing.

Malathion 4 No time Spray or dip 16 lbs. 25% t~JP or 1 gal. 57% EC per 100 gals . limitation. water. Treat thoroughly. Repeat after 2-3 weeks if neces­ sary . Do not use on lactating dairy goats. Do not use on OR animals less than 1 mo . old.

Ronnel 0 84 As a spray 16 lbs . 25% WP per 100 gals . water or 2 gals . 24% (Karl an) EC per 100 gals. water. Do not apply more frequently than once every 2 weeks. Do not apply to lactating dairy animals, OR or within 21 days of freshening .

Sheep and Goats EoM. 2917 - Page 18 SHEEP AND GOATS Cont•d Insecticide Mi nimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last App l ication Application and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaughter

Ticks (Cont•d) Diazinon 0.75 14 As a pour-on 0.06% sprinkled on from watering can . l oz. 50% (Use on WP in 6 ga ls. water will treat 24 sheep. Keep liquid stirred sheep only) to prevent settling out . Apply l qt. per sheep or l amb by sprinkli ng wi th a watering can the heads and bodies of penned sheep. Do not use Diazinon if there are lambs less than 2 weeks old in the flock to be treated.

Sheep and Goats E.M. 2917 - Page 19 SWINE Insecticide Minimum Days Insect and Tolerance Last Application Application and Remarks Formulation* ppm To Slaughter

Lice t·1a 1at hi on 4 No time Spray or dip 8 lbs. 50% WP per 100 gals. water. Dust 5% limitation. formulation. Thorough application . OR

Methoxych 1or 3 No time Spray or dip 8 lbs. 50% WP per 100 gals. water. Dust 5% limitation. formulation. Thorough application . Also spray pens. OR Coumaphos No time Spray 2 lbs. 25% WP per 100 gals. water . Apply when lice are (Co-Ra 1) limitation. a problem. Thoroughly wet animals . Do not use with Pyre­ thrins, Allethrin, or Synergist. Repeat as necessary. OR Ronnel 0 42 Spray or dip 16 lbs. 25% WP or 2 gals. 24% EC per 100 gals . ( Korl an) water. Thorough application. Do not apply more frequently than once ever~ 2 weeks. Hog Mange Lindane 4 30 spray Spray or dip 2 lbs . 25% WP per 100 gals. water. Thorough ap- 60 dip plication. Do not overtreat. OR Malathion 4 No time Spray or dip 16 lbs. 25% WP or 1 gal. 57% EC per 100 gals. 1i mi tat i on. water. Thorough application.

Swine E.M. 291 7 - Page 20 COMMERCIAL AND MUNICPAL CONTROL OF MOSQUITOES OUTDOORS Insecticide Amt. ~1osqui to Area and lbs. actual formulation Rem arks Formula t ion* per acre per gal. Malat hi on EC 0.5 Follow Malathi on toxic to f ish ; can be us ed over pasture (consult Larvae Water Abate EC 0.03 label label ) . Abate and fenthion or less toxic to fish ; not G 0.07 directions. registered for pastures or crops. Use granules to Fenthion (Baytex ) penetrate foliage above water. EC or Cone.** 0.05 Allow at least 3 weeks between or fenthion treatments. G 0.07 Malathion EC 0.3 Follow Malathion and can be Cone.** 0 . 23 ( 3 fl . oz.) applied over pasture. Consult Ad ul ts Space spraying label label for restrictions on other or fogging. Naled (Dibrom) EC 0.2 · crops and areas; concentrates or Cone.** 0.07 directions. can be applied by ultra low volume from aircraft; malathion Dichlorvos (DDVP) concentrate may damage finish EC or Cone.** 0.07 of cars, planes, or plastics. Do not use dichlorvos or Fenthion (Baytex) fenthion on food or forage EC or Cone.** 0.1 crops. DDT 50% WP 2.0 2 oz. Do not treat areas where food Adu 1ts Residual treat­ or forage crops are grown. ment to shrub­ Fenthion (Baytex) Apply until the spray starts bery and exte­ 4 lb. per gal. EC 0.1 6 tbs p. to run off, about 1 gal. per rior wall sur­ 1000 square feet of surface. faces of build­ Lindane 25% WP 1 .0 2 oz. ings.

** C one ~ - Concentrate Mosquitoes E.M . 2917 - Page 21 POULTRY PESTS AND THE IR CONTROL Mites, lice and fleas are the most common pests of Depluming Mite: This itch mite lives at the base of the poultry in this area. Infested birds have scaly, feathers. It produces an intense itching, causing the birds scabby skin and discolored or ragged feathers . to pull out their feathers. If the stumps of the feathers are examined soon after the quill is broken, they will be The chart in this section gives recommendations for found to be surrounded by scale and crusts. These mites be­ control with insecticides. Well planned and con­ come active in the spring and usually disappear in winter. structed houses and good sanitation make control Control: Treat with Sulfur. easier and more effective. Scaly-leg Mite: This form of itch mite causes a condition POULTRY MITES known as scaly-leg . While it usually occurs only on the legs, the mite may attack the comb and wattles . The infes­ Chicken mite: During the daytime these mites stay in tation is easy to recogn i ze by the enlargement of the feet cracks, crevices and other protected places. At night, and legs and their rough appearance. In severe cases, the they crawl upon the birds to feed. Their only food is joints become inflamed and the birds be come lame. Control: the blo od from the bi rds they infest. Since these Dip the birds' feet and lower legs in crude oil; do not get mites rarely stay on the birds during the daytime , a the oil on the upper legs or feathers . flock may be badly run down without the owner being aware of the cause of the trouble. In cases of heavy POULTRY LICE infestation, the birds become droopy, pale about the head and listless . They may stop laying. Control: Lice do not suck blood, but feed by nibbling or chew i ng the Use Nicotine sulfate, Malathion, Sevin, Co-Ral, or dry skin, scales, feathers, or scabs on the skin. Several Anthracene oil . kinds of lice attack birds in this area. Some of the most important are the chicken louse, the shaft louse and the Northern Fowl Mite: This mite, sometimes called the chicken head louse. feather mite, resembles the chicken mite, but it breeds among the feathers and spends its entire l i fe The chicken body louse li ves most of the time on the skin, on the bird. The presence of these mites is often mainly in the areas arou nd the vent and un der the wings . It first noticed on the eggs . Mite eggs and excrement is common to both young and old birds. will be found among the feathers, especially about the tail. These mites cause annoyance, loss of blood and The shaft louse, or common body louse, is similar to the unthriftiness in infested birds. English sparrows are chicken body louse, but smaller and paler colored . It is often infested wi th these m·i tes. Destroying their common around the vent as well as on the back and breast. nests around poultry houses is suggested. Control: It tends to cl ing to the feathers rather than to the skin of Use Malathion, Nicotine sulfate, Sevin, Co-Ral, or the bird. This louse does not infest young chickens. Anthracene oi 1 o Poultry E.M. 291 7 - Page 22 POULTRY Cont•d The chicken head louse is a problem mostly on young bi rds . It occurs on the head--at the base of the feathers or down. It passes from one chicken to another by contact. Control for all three lice: Use Malathion, Nicotine sulfate, or Rotenone. FLEAS Several kinds of fleas may occasionally infest birds, but only one kind, the western hen flea, has been reported in this area. It breeds in the soil, principally in droppings, and does not infest the birds except during brief feeding periods. Control: Use Malathion.

Paul try E.M . 2917 - Page 23 POULTRY Cont•d Insecticide Insect and Application and Remarks Formulation* Malathion spray (4 tbsp. Apply spray liberally to walls, ceilings, roosts, nests, and adjacent 57% EC or 5 oz. 25% areas. Force spray into all cracks and crevices. Replace nesting material WP per gallon of water) after spray . Avoid contaminating feeding troughs, or water fountains . OR Chicken mite Malathion dust (4% dust) Apply 1 lb . 4% dust per 50 to 60 sq. ft . of litter and floor space and to nests, roosts, and adjacent areas ~ Or, use 1 lb. dust per 100 birds . Northern fowl Apply with rotary hand duster or puff duster. Avoid contaminating feed, mite OR feeding troughs or water fountains. Repeat treatment in 4 to 8 weeks or when necessary . Lice Malathion roost paint Use 1 pt. per 150 linear feet. Paint roosts thoroughly. (3% roost paint) OR Nicotine sulfate roost Use 1 pt. per 150 linear feet. Paint roosts thoroughly . Do not apply paint (40% nicotine Nicotine sulfate on birds or while birds are in the house . solution) OR (Sevin) (5% 1 lb. per 100 birds. Dust birds thoroughly . Repeat in 4 weeks if needed. dust) Do not apply within 7 days of slaughtero OR Carbaryl (Sevin) (50% Use 2 lbs. 50% WP per 25 gals . water . Apply l to 2 gals. per 1000 sq . ft. WP) of surface in and around poultry houses . Spray thoroughly . Do not apply Sevin spray to birds . Do not contaminate feed or water. Do not apply OR within 7 days of slaughter. Poultry E.Mo 29 17 - Page 24 POULTRY Cont'd Insecticide Insect and Applicati on and Remarks Formulati on* Mites Coumaphos (Co-Ral)** Dust birds thoroughly o Do not use Co-Ra l more often than weekly o and (0.5% dust) Li ce (Cont'd) OR Anthracene oil Apply as a paint to wood, floors, interior walls, nests, dropp i ng boards, roosts, etc. Ventilate brooder houses for one week before housing young birds .

Depluming mite Sulfur dip (2 oz . 325- Wet feathers to the skin. Dip on warm days. A second treatment in 3 or 4 mesh sulfur plus 1 oz. weeks may be necess ary. soap to 1 gal . water) Scaly-leg mite Crude oil Apply crude oil to birds' feet and lower legs by dipping or with a paint brush . Do not get oil on upper legs or feathers. Repeat treatment within month if distorted scales have not been shed. Lice only Rotenone dust (1% dust) Use 1 lb. per 100 birds. Direct on birds, roosts, nests. OR Malathion roost paint Use 1 pt. per 150 linear feet. Paint roosts thoroughly. (3% roost paint) OR ' Nicotine sulfate roost Use 1 pt. per 150 linear feet. Paint roosts thoroughly. Do not apply paint (40% nicotine Nicotine sulfate on birds or while birds are in their house. solution) Fleas Malathion spray (4 tbsp. Apply spray liberally to bases of walls, roosts, nests, floors, and adja­ 57% EC or 5 oz . 25% cent ground areas . Replace nesting material after spraying. Avoid con­ WP per gal . of water) taminating feed, feeding troughs or water fountains. OR ** See Cover.

Poultry E.M. 2917 - Page 25 POULTRY Cont'd I nsecti ci de Insect and Application and Remarks Fonnulation* Fleas (Cont'd) Malathion (4% dust) Apply 1 lb. 4% dust per 50 to 60 sq . ft. of litter, floor area, to nests, roosts, and adjacent areas . Also apply to birds at rate of 1 lb . per 100 birds. Avoid contaminating feed, feeding troughs, or water fountains. Re­ pe at treatment in 4 to 8 weeks or sooner if necessary . Insecticide residues are no t permitted in eggs. Tolerances for the following recommended insecticides have been established for poultry meat . Malathion 4 parts per million Coumaphos (Co-Ral) 1 part per million Carbary l (Sevin) 5 parts per million

Pou 1try EeM. 29 17 - Page 26 FLY CONTROL ON POULTRY FARMS Flies have always been a prob lem in poultry establish­ from manure, spilled feed, and remove wet spots around ments but have become more seri ous be cause of the i n­ buildings . Keep waterers in good worki ng order . Use fly creased use of cages for l ayers. Poultry droppings, if screens where pract ical. Wi thout sanitati on, fly control allowed to accumulate, provide favorable breeding ma­ is imposs i ble . terial for several different ki nds of flies . Surface wate r from defective watering systems, or duri ng rains, CONTROL WI TH INSECTICIDES will often make poultry droppings more suitable breed­ ing areas . This may be more serious on concrete floor­ In many areas f li es have become more difficult to kill with ing than on bare ground . As urban development s move insecticides, particularly those commonly known as chlori­ more and more i nto rural agricultural areas, the nated hydrocarbons such as DDT, Lindane and Methoxychlor. demands for more effective fly control will increase. Because of this and residue problems no recommendations are The problem may also be come more serious as flies made for ch lorinated hydrocarbons . The organic phosphate deve l op resistance to insecticides used i n their i nsecticides, which include Malathion, Diazinon, Dibrom, control. Cygon, DDV P, Dipterex , and Korlan, usually provide effective control . Pyrethrins, plus a synergist applied as a space Several kinds of flies are encountered in poultry spray, are also effective but have a short res idual life. buildings . These include the housefly, stable fly (which can bite), lesser houseflies, and several Insecticides may be used as dry or li quid baits, surface or kinds of blowflies. The housefly, which is the species space sprays, larvicides or on im pregnated cords or strips. most commonly found, causes much annoyance when present in l arge numbers and may spread diseases as well as DRY AND LIQUID BAITS eggs of several internal parasites of poultry. Baits containing insecticides will aid in controlling flies SANITATION in certain types of poultry houses and are useful where the fly population is relatively low. Dry baits, usually con­ An effective sanitation program is the first and most taining sugar as an attractant, should be scattered lightly essential step in controlling flies. While preven­ in strips on floors, window sills, and other clean hori­ tion of fly breeding will eliminate the fly problem, zontal areas . the degree of control desired, is not always accomp­ lished. Do not allow poultry droppings to accumulate . Liq uid baits containing an insecticide, plus sugar or syrup Dispose of them at least twice a week during the fly dissolved in water , are also effective in controlling flies , breeding season . Spilled foods and other materials Sprinkle the liquid bait on floors, window sills, or treat wh i ch are attractive to flies and provide breeding sacks, boards, or strips of cardboard and place them where material, should no t be allowed to accumulate, but flies gather . Vertical surfaces i ndoors may be treated with should be disposed of frequently . Drain moisture away liquid bai ts by spraying or painting. Baits are not Poultry E.M. 2917 - Page 27 POULTRY Cont'd effective against stable flies and only partially ef­ IMPREGNATED CORDS OR STRIPS fective against the lesser housefly . Cords or strips impregnated with insecticides have provided SURFACE AND SPACE SPPAYS effective fly control in many places when hung vertically or in loops from the ceiling of the poultry building. Flies Insecticides applied as a l iquid and applied to resting on these cords or strips are killed because of the surfaces are called surface sprays, wh ereas insecti­ residual effect of the insecticides. These impregnated cides discharged into the air as air suspensions, cords or strips can be pruchased ready to use. Dimetilan, are considered space sprays. Parathion, and Diazinon, are among the insecticides used for i mpregnating cords or strips. Surface sprays deposit insecti cide residues which are effective against adult flies for several weeks. Space sprays, howeve r, do not leave effe cti residues, but ki ll adult flies with which they come in con tact. Precautions They are most effective in buildings that can be tightly closed. Insecticides used in surface or resi­ Insecticides are poisonous to people and poultry . If dual sprays are Dibrom, Malath i on, Cygon, or Kor lan. handled in accordan ce with the directi on s listed on Space sprays often contain Lethane, or Pyrethrins, the label of the container, they are safe to use. If plus a synergist. you spill liquid concentrate on skin, wash immediately with soap and water ; if spilled on clothing, change In a small poultry ho use a hand sprayer i s satisfac­ them immediately and launder before wearing again. tory, but in large ones, a power sprayer is preferable. Never use an insecticide on poultry, or in and around LARVICIDES poultry houses, unless the label on t he co ntainer states precisely that it may be us·ed for su ch pur­ Larvicides are insecticides applied to manure under poses . Read the label before using any insecticide cages to control fly larvae . Applications are made and follow all restrictions and limitations. usually with a hand sprayer, before fly populations begin to build up and are continued at weekly inter- va ls during the fly season. Insecticides which may be used as larvicides are Korlan, Diazinon, DDVP , Malathion, or Dipterex .

Poultry E o M ~ 291 7 - Page 28 POULTRY Cont • d Insecti ci de Insect an d Appl ication and Remar ks Formu l ati on*

Pyrethrin plus syne r gi ~ t Space sprays . Use l-2 oz . per 1000 cu . ft. da i ly i n feed and egg rooms . Do not contaminate feed and water. Repea t as necessary . Flies Na l ed (Dibrom) 37% EC Residual sprays . 1 gal . per 500 sq. ft. of surface . Spray roosts , pe rch­ l/2 pt. in 10 gals . of es , nes t s, walls, an d other areas. Birds need not be moved during appl i ­ water. cati on . Rep eat as necessary. OR Mala t hion 57% EC- 12 oz . Res i dua l sprays . App ly as sp ray t o litter , f loor and walls. Do not con - in 5 ga ls . of water. taminate feed or water. Re pe at applicati on as ne cessary . OR Dimet ho ate (Cygan) - 2 EC Resi dual sprays . Apply 1 gal. to 500-1000 sq. f t . of ce i lings and wa lls . 1 pt. in 3 gal s . of water . Do not apply to birds . Remov e birds when applyi ng in poultry hous e. OR Ronnel (Korlan)** 1 gal . 24% Residual sprays . Use 1 gal. to 500-1000 sq. ft. Apply to interior sur­ EC in 25 gals. of water. faces. Do not contaminate feed or drinking water. Repeat as necessary. OR Coumaphos (Co-Ral) 25% WP Residual sprays. Apply 1 gal. per 1000 sq. ft. to litter, walls, ceilings, 2 cupfuls in 5 gals. of floors, etc. Do not contaminate feed or water. Repeat as necessary. water. OR Ronnel (Korlan)** liquid Sprinkle over the floor areas frequented by flies. Burlap bags may be laid bait. Use 8 oz. 24% EC plus out in those areas frequented by flies and sprinkled with this mixture. 3 gals. of water plus 9 oz . Keep out of reach of birds. Do not contaminate feed or water. Repeat ap- of sugar. plication as needed. ** See Cover .

Poultry E.M . 2917 - Page 29 POULTRY Cont'd Insecticide Insect and Application and Remarks Formulation* Flies Naled (Dibrom) - dry bait Bait sprays. Scatter bait over floor and other horizontal areas where 1 tsp. 37% EC plus 1 lb. flies congregate. Keep out of reach of birds. Do not contaminate feed or (Cont'd) sugar. Place sugar and water. Repeat as necessary. Dibrom in qt. jar and mix thoroughly. OR Naled (Dibrom) - liquid Bait sprays. Sprinkle over floors and horizontal areas where flies congre­ bait. Dissolve 1 lb. sugar gate. Do not contaminate feed or water. Repeat as necessary. in 2 1/2 gals. of water and add 2 tsps. 37% Dibrom EC. OR Dichlorvos (DDVP, Vapona) Bait sprays. Scatter bait at rate of l/4 lb. per 100 sq. ft . where flies dry bait. 1 pt. 4 lbs./ congregate. Keep out of reach of birds. Do not contaminate feed or water. gal. Vapona per 100 lbs. Repeat applications as needed. sugar. OR Dichlorvos (DDVP, Vapona) Bait sprays. Apply as wet spray at rate of l/2 gal. per 100 sq . ft. Do liquid bait. 3/4 qt. 4 lbs./ not contaminate feed or water. Repeat as necessary .' gal. Vapona plus 50 lbs . sugar plus water to make 100 gals.

Dimethoate (Cygan) 2. 67 EC Larvicides. Apply as coarse spray or with sprinkling can to poultry drop­ 1 pt. in 2 l/2 gals. of pings in cage-layer houses. Apply t ho roug hly once or twice a week . water. OR Malathion 57% EC. Use Larvicides. Apply liberally to poultry droppings in cage-layer houses . cup to 2 l/2 qts. of Apply thoroughly once or twice a week . water. OR Poultry EeM. 2917 - Page 30 POULT RY Cont•d Ins ecticide Insect and Application an d Remarks Formulation* Ronnel (Ko r lan)** - use 1 Larvicides . Spray poultry droppings beneath cages . Repeat once or twice qt. 24% EC to 3 gals. of weekly. water.

Flies (Cont•d) Diazinon** - fly ki 11 i ng Impregnated cords or strips. Use 300 ft . of cord per 1000 sq. ft. of floor cord. space . Hang cords from ceiling . Do not hang over feed or water. OR Dimetil an** - 4% impregnated Impregnated cords or strips. Attach bands horizontally to ceiling at the bands. rate of 1 band per 75 sq. ft . of ceiling space. Do not place bands over feed or water. OR Parathion** - impregnated Impreg nated cord or s trips. Use 300ft. of impregnated cord per 1000 sq. cord . ft. of floor space . Hang cords from ceiling. Do not hang cord over feed or water. * EC- Emulsifiable concentrate WP - Wettable powder SP - Soluble powder G - Granular ** See Cover.

Pou 1try