apocatastasis, 133 Index Apocryphal text, 32, 82, 132 apodictic, 17, 38, 42 Abba Dorotheus, 31 Apparition of the Virgin to abstraction, 42, 44, 45, 152 Sergius of Radonezh, 204, 205, Adam, 15, 21, 49, 53, 131–132, 222 134, 137–147, 151–159, 160, Aristotle, 1, 20, 25, 37, 39, 61, 174, 237 139, 234 Adamites, 28 Arsenius of Crete, 14 agape, 62, 218 Arsenius, Bishop of Tyre, 24 Akathistos Hymn, 4, 70, 73, 80, Ascension of Christ, 93 106, 139, 235 ascent, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 41, 49, Akyndinos, 24 50, 52, 61, 64, 93, 96, 103, 142, Alexander Svirsky, 185 143, 147, 188, 192–193, 233, Alexios Apokaukus, 22 236, 240 Ambrose of Milan, 134, 175, 177 ascetic, 4, 11–15, 18, 19, 21, 33, Anastasis, 4, 5, 6, 75, 93, 131– 37, 41, 145, 184, 188, 189, 206 173, 236, 237–238, 240–241 Athanasius of Alexandria, 134 anchoretis, 11 Athanasius of Sinai, 177 Andrei Rublev, 34, 78, 116, 128, Augustine of Hippo, 44, 134, 177 161, 173, 179–180, 182, 185, 186, 190, 196, 198–200, 202, Baptism, 16, 21, 32, 40, 53–54, 205, 206, 210, 219, 227, 238 61, 90, 98, 146, 183, 191, 236 Andreopoulos, A., 96, 99 Barlaam and Iosaphat, 4, 69, 78, Andronicus II, III (Palaelogoi), 9, 235 13, 21, 22, 30, 66, 139 Barlaam of Calabria, 2, 4, 5, 9–10, Andronikov Monastery, 182, 183 19–24, 36–39, 40, 42–45, 48, Angel of the Great Council, 69, 49, 50, 52, 54, 57–59, 61–62, 216, 217 69, 70, 78, 85, 111, 205, 233, angels, Old Testament Trinity, 234 45, 69, 70, 84, 99, 135, 144, Basil the Great, 41, 58, 70, 84, 161, 173–174, 179, 180–183, 101, 235 191–213, 216–218, 238–240 Basilica of St Apollinaire in anitnomy of God, 37, 41, 54, 57, Classe, Ravenna, 86 61, 96, 149, 176, 192, 195, 234, Bdinski Sbornik, 27 239, , 28, 106, 109, 111, Anna of Savoy, 27 151, 183, 207, 229 Anne of Savoy, 22, 25 Boyana Church of St Nicholas Annunciation Cathedral, and St Panteleimon, Sofia, 125, Kremlin, 79, 128, 183, 187, 225 166 Anonymous Dialogue with Jews, British Museum, 135, 181 176 Bulgaria, 2, 4, 14, 27, 28, 29, 30, anthropology, 11, 49, 52, 62, 146, 38, 67, 112, 113, 125, 126, 137, 234 165, 166–167, 214 anti-Trinitarian, 207, 208 Bulgarian patriarchate, 28 apatheia, 18, 50, 51 Burning Bush, 101, 103 Apocalypse of Peter, 82, 83 Byzantine, 1–75, 81–90, 93,

299 Hesychasm and Art

94, 95, 97–100, 103, 105, 106, 110, 155 108–116, 131–149, 151, 152, Church of St George, Kurbinovo, 154–162, 173, 178, 180–192, 121, 137, 155, 156, 158, 163 200, 203, 206, 209, 211–219, Church of St George, Staro 233– 236, 238, 240 Nagoricane, 113, 124, 155 Byzantine art, 2, 3, 6, 63, 65, 67, 71, Church of Joachim and Ana, 94, 100, 105, 115, 145, 155, 180, Studenica, 156 188, 211, 219, 238 Church of St Nikita, Banjani, Byzantium, 1– 6, 9, 10, 13, 18, 155, 215, 229 22, 26, 30–32, 35, 36, 48, 63, Church of St. Nikolas Orphanos, 64, 70, 74, 101, 105, 106, 108, Thessaloniki, 156, 158 110, 131, 136, 139, 140, 161, Church of the Annunciation, 187, 203, 207, 211, 212, 215– Kremlin, 79, 128, 183, 187 216, 234, 235 Church of the Deposition of the Robe, Kremlin, 69, 120, 226 Cappadocian, 12, 56, 58, 90, 192, Church of the Nativity of the 202 Virgin, Suzdal, 2, 181, 182 cartography, 98, 99, 100 Church of the Protaton, Karyes, catacombs, 178 67, 69, 111, 137, 154, 163 catharsis, 18 Church of the Resurrection of Cathedral of Santa Maria Christ, Veroia, 20, 27, 68, 138, Assunta, Torcello, 137 168 Cathedral of the Dormition, Church of the Saviour, Chora, 6, Kremlin, 80, 123 25, 72, 107, 131, 138, 139, 140, Cathedral of the Transfiguration, 141, 142, 144, 146, 147, 150, Mirozhsky Monastery, Pskov, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 136, 170 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 238, Cathedral Pereslavl-Zaleski, 240 Yaroslavl, 101 Church of the Virgin chora, meaning, 139 Misericordiuse, Prespa, 113 Christology, 12, 69, 71, 173 Church of Theodore Tyro and Church feast, 17–18, 59, 81–84, Theodore Stratelates, Dobarsko, 88, 131–135, 142, 183, 207– 126, 137, 167 208, 217 Church of Tokali Killise, Goreme, Church of Holy Apostles, 106 Thessaloniki, 107, 158 Church of Virgin Mary, Church of Hosios Loukas, Phocis, Gračanica, 77, 104, 113, 138, 137, 142, 151, 164 155, 215, 216, 217, 230 Church of Nea Moni, Chios, 137, circle, 73, 92–97, 99, 100, 106, 151, 164 107, 109, 113–117, 148–150, Church of Our Savior in the 181, 191, 197, 200, 201, 202, Woods, Kremlin, 129 205, 206, 209, 211, 216, 236, Church of Panagia Phorbiotissa, 238, 239, 240, 241 Asinou, 75 circumscription, of Christ, 68, Church of St Clement (Church of 131, 135, 178, 214, 215 the Virgin Peribleptos), Ohrid, Clement of Alexandria, 84 69, 72, 74, 76, 89, 104, 107, communicatio idiomatum, 82, 193

300 Index communion, with Christ, 26, 37, 192, 196, 214, 237 40, 48, 53, 55, 57, 59, 105, 147, doctrine, 2, 4, 9, 11, 14–15, 17, 23–25, 149, 151, 185, 191, 199, 205, 28, 31, 34, 36, 48, 51, 53, 57, 59– 62, 207, 210, 217, 240 64, 66, 69, 71, 73, 74, 81, 82, 85, 89, Comnenian era, 161, 180 90, 91, 95, 97, 102, 105, 115, 117, Constantine the Philosopher, 30, 131, 135, 146, 151, 156, 177–178, 86 192, 194, 196–197, 200, 201, 207, , 9, 14, 19, 20–22, 216, 233–234, 236, 238 26, 28, 29, 30, 31–33, 36, 48, dogma, 7, 19, 57, 59, 95, 99, 148, 56, 67, 68, 72, 81, 88–89, 94, 159, 173, 176 –177, 195, 197, 95, 136–137, 138, 139, 140– 202, 206–209, 216, 238, 239 143, 146, 148, 150, 151, 161, dogmatic, 1, 14, 21, 179, 213, 181, 193, 211, 234 233 contemplation, 3, 11, 13, 14, 16– Dormition of the Virgin, 75, 76, 17, 19, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40–42, 77–78, 93, 113, 187 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 56, 61, 62– 64, 71, 142, 159, 176, 188–189, Ecclesiology, 13, 26, 28, 30, 32, 193–94, 197, 204, 211–212, 36, 49, 83, 90, 97, 102, 133, 216, 234–235, 239 149, 211 Councils ego-transcendent, 62 Ecumenical, 27 Eight Tome[s] of the Idiometa, hesychast, 9, 89 133 Stoglav, 186, 195 Elijah, 18, 84, 86–87, 92, 96, Cyril of Alexandria, 83, 134, 175, 100–102, 104, 108, 109, 110, 176 113, 115–117, 144, 236, 237 Czar John Alexander, 14, 27 emperor, 9, 10, 21–22, 24, 26, 91, 95– 96, 134, 145, 212, 214 Descent into Hell, 132, 136, 137, empirical, 20, 54 151 energies, of God, 2, 6, 12–13, Demina, N., 195 21–25, 32, 37, 40, 43, 46, 52, demons, demonic, 16, 41, 50, 61 54, 56–62, 70, 74, 81, 84, 89, dialectic, 39, 61, 104 92–93, 97, 98, 102, 104, 112, diastema, 59, 234 115, 143, 146, 149, 150, 192– Dionysius the Areopagite, 36, 59, 193, 202, 206, 216, 234, 239 93, 94, 97, 101, 102, 103, 104, enhypostatic 148–150, 191–193, 200, 207, nature, 46, 60, 112, 145 240 symbol, 46, 145 ditheism, 21 Ephraim the Syrian, 188 divine darkness, 18, 39, 46, 94, eros, 42 103, 148 eremitic, 14, 32 divine essence, 3, 21, 23, 25, 37, Eschatology, 26, 45, 46, 54, 57, 39, 44, 57–59, 61, 70, 84, 143, 84, 86, 98, 101, 148, 151, 161– 149, 193, 216, 240 162, 234, 236, 237 divine-human, nature of Christ, essence, 2– 3, 12–13, 21, 22–25, 6, 17–18, 41–44, 52, 57, 59, 64, 28, 37–39, 43, 44, 45, 47– 48, 71, 82, 84–85, 94, 99, 100, 131, 52, 56, 57–59, 61, 62, 64, 70, 133, 143, 150–51, 175, 177, 84–85, 89, 94, 96–97, 102, 104,

301 Hesychasm and Art

112, 115, 143, 146, 148, 149, God, as creator, 41–43, 51, 56, 150, 154, 192–195, 197, 216, 58, 104, 144, 151, 192, 194, 234, 239, 240 206, 209, 240 essence and energies, 12–13, 22, golden ratio, 200–201 24, 37, 56, 57, 89, 97, 149, 216, Gospel, 3, 56, 82, 84, 194 234 grace, of God, 6, 11–12, 15–16, eternal glory, 85, 150 21–22, 24–25, 37–38, 41–43, Eucharist, 25, 48, 53, 74, 86, 131, 45, 47–53, 56, 58–59, 60, 64, 134, 146, 185, 191, 201, 206, 70, 84, 90, 93, 105, 131, 143, 210, 216, 218, 240 146, 150–151, 162, 173, 188, Eulogia Choumnaina, 20 193, 196, 201, 210, 233, 237, Eusebius of Caesarea, 83, 176 238 Euthymius, 29, 30, 66 Greco-Roman, 49 Eutychios and Michael Astrapas, Gregory Akindynos, 20, 21, 22, 76, 124 23, 24, 38, 39, 43, 52, 54 Gregory of Nyssa, 11, 41, 101, Fall of Troy, 27 102, 147, 192 filioque, 20, 38, 73, 95, 173, 195, Gregory of Sinai, 5, 12–19, 26– 207, 216, 234 28, 30–33, 35–36, 55, 73, 93, First Letter of Gregory the 101, 103, 105, 111, 214, 233 Theologian to Kledonio, 90 Gregory Palamas, 2–5, 9–10, 12, Five Discourses on the Taboric 14, 16–26, 31, 32, 34, 35– 62, Light, 47 64, 68, 69, 70, 71–73, 77, 85, fresco, 4, 6, 69, 75–78, 106, 89, 91, 93, 97–98, 99, 101–103, 111–114, 120–126, 131, 139, 105, 111, 114, 142, 144–147, 140–141, 147, 148, 150–155, 149, 150, 160, 192–196, 203– 157–158, 161–163, 165–169, 206, 214, 233, 235, 236 170, 188, 211–212, 215–218, Gregory the Great, 18–19 225, 227–231, 238, 240 Gregory the Theologian, 68, 70, 89, 90, 98, 103, 150, 176, 193, General Vigil Service of the Holy 196, 197, 235 Fathers, 177 Gregory the Wise, 18 Genesis, 15, 53, 94, 144, 173– Gregory Tsamblak, 30 175, 178–179, 182, 184, 191, 194–195, 204, 205, 212, 214 hagiography, 36, 90, 99, 102, glory, 26, 44–46, 50–51, 54, 57, 106, 213, 215, 237 81, 82, 83, 84–86, 90, 92, 95– Hellenism, 1, 3, 6, 9–10, 27, 32, 96, 99–101, 108, 111–112, 131, 38, 49, 114, 145, 235 133, 135, 137, 143, 150, 154, hesychasm, 1–102, 104–107, 187, 193, 236, 237 109–117, 131, 142–147, 150, gnosis, gnostic, 11, 49, 56, 66, 152, 154–157, 159, 161–162, 133 173, 182, 184, 185, 187–188, Godhead, 16, 43, 48, 85, 90, 97, 192, 195–196, 198, 200, 201– 99, 112, 131, 143, 146, 175, 205, 207–219, 233–240 178, 19, 196, 198, 203, 216, 217 hesychia, 1–2, 14, 40, 54, 61, 105, God’s commandments, 7, 15, 16, 146, 184, 192, 205, 219, 233, 238, 239 18, 22, 51, 53, 58, 103, 151, 192

302 Index

Hesychast controversy, 5, 10, ignorance, ignoratio, 37, 38, 50, 14, 19, 22–25, 36, 68, 69, 71, 56, 150 88, 97, 117, 144, 162, 173, 184, illumination, book, 1, 88–89, 93, 187, 195, 210–211, 216, 233, 95 234, 236, 238 image and likeness, 12, 15, 37, hierarchy, Dionysian, 93, 103, 38, 52, 53, 151, 191, 195, 233 104, 147, 149, 93, 204 Incarnation, 15, 42, 43, 47, 57, Holy Spirit, 12, 20, 38, 40, 44, 59, 71, 73, 81, 90, 133, 134, 47, 52, 53, 55, 56, 58, 60, 70, 196, 198, 210, 214, 219, 233, 84, 96, 112, 143, 144, 148, 150, 234 154, 173, 192–199, 201, 204, Ioasaph, 88–89, 91, 106, 213, 229 207, 209, 211, 214, 216, 217, Iosif Volotsky, 32, 205 219, 233, 239, 240 Isaac the Syrian, 31, 33 Homily on the Passion, 133 Isidore, future patriarch, 14, 24, Hospitality of Abraham, 31 composition, 7, 173, 178, 182, Islamic, 99, 100 189, 192, 195, 197, 199, 200, 201–202, 204–208, 210, 215– James, 82–87, 90, 92, 94, 103, 216, 219 105–108, 110, 112, 114, 143 humanism, 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 27, 32, Jesus Christ, 2, 4, 5, 6, 12–13, 37, 38, 62, 63–64, 67, 131, 156, 15–18, 20, 26, 32, 37–38, 211, 234–235 40, 43–46, 48–49, 51, 53–54, humanist, 1, 2, 5, 9, 10, 24, 27, 36, 57–60, 67–74, 81–87, 90–101, 41, 65, 69, 70, 187, 233, 235 103–129, 131–168, 173, 175– hypostases, 6, 59, 94–96, 110, 176, 178–179, 181, 183, 185, 114, 148–150, 173, 176–178, 188, 191–202, 204, 206–211, 193–197, 202, 205, 208, 214, 213–214, 216–219, 233–234, 236, 238–239, 240 236–241 hypostasis, 46, 58, 71, 95, 99, face, 26, 51, 84, 101 112, 142, 144, 148, 193, 195– garments, 84, 99, 141–144, 153– 196, 217, 239 154, 158, 160, Jesus Christ, Logos, 17, 59, 84, 146, icon, 1, 3, 6, 7, 31, 62–69, 72, 81, 176, 194, 197, 209, 210, 217, 240 87, 93, 96, 99–101, 104, 106– Jesus Christ, the King of Kings, 108, 110, 112, 114–116, 129, 73 136, 147, 154, 159, 160–161, Jesus prayer, 13, 16, 48, 53, 54, 173, 177, 179, 180–189, 191– 55, 56 211, 216, 218, 219, 238–240 Joannes Kyparissiotes, 21 iconoclastic, 135, 177 John, apostle, 90, 92, 103, 105– Iconoclastic controversy, 87, 136 106, 108, 110, 112, 114 iconography, 2, 3, 5, 6, 63, 65, John the Baptist, 141, 145–147, 153, 66, 75, 81, 85–88, 92–117, 131– 156–157, 160 139, 142, 145, 151, 154–155, John Chrysostom, 28, 68, 70, 82, 159–161, 173, 177, 178–179, 83, 102, 134, 176, 187, 235 181–182, 196, 207, 209, 210, John Climacus, 12, 28, 51 212, 219, 235, 238 John Damascus, 177 iconostasis, 4, 109 John Kantacuzenos, 4, 10, 21–24,

303 Hesychasm and Art

26, 81, 88–91, 95, 99, 110–111, manuscript, 5–6, 12, 56, 66, 75, 180, 212–214, 229, 236 81, 88–90, 94, 100, 104, 106, Judaising Christians, 28 115–116, 136, 142–143, 154, 162, 180–181, 186, 209, 212 Kalekas, 21, 22, 23, 24 –214, 236 Kalistos of Constantinople, 21 maps, 99 Karanlik Killise, Göreme, 137, Maximus the Confessor, 85, 86, 162, 228 103, 134, 176, 192, 194 , 27, 28 Messialinism, 28, 207 King Milutin, 107, 156–158, 169, metaphysic, 12, 37, 40, 60, 66, 215 192, 283 Kirillo-Belozerskii Monastery, 32, microcosm, 100, 176, 194 34, 69 miniature, 6, 27, 81, 83, 85, 87– knowledge, of God, 12, 15, 91, 95, 97, 99, 101–119, 121, 24–25, 37, 38, 40–42, 45–46, 123-129, 136–137, 149, 179, 48–49, 51, 53, 57–58, 61, 117, 181, 183, 186, 209, 212-214, 150, 154, 156, 193–194, 233, 236–237, 240 234, 240 Millet, G, 73, koinonia, 105, 240 Monastery of Chilandar, Mt Athos 34, 35, 138, 213, 214 ladder, of divine ascent, 12, 51, Monastery of Christ Pantokrator, 52, 56, 191 Vladaton, 68 Lectionary of Koutloumousi, 89 Monastery of Daphne, Athens, Last Judgment, 26, 140, 183 95, 137 Lazarev, V., 194 Monastery of Decani, Kosovo, 30, liturgy, 25, 28, 33, 56, 69, 71, 74, 74, 158 96, 135, 138, 185, 235 Monastery of Ferapontov, Lossky, V., 95, 234 Vologda 161, 218 Monastery of Hodegon, Macarius the Great, 11 Constantinople, 88, 89, 111, Macarius Zheltovodsky, 185 213 Macedonia, 2, 4, 71, 76, 110, Monastery of Lesnovo, 112–113, 121, 124, 138, 158, Probishtip, 70, 72, 112, 113, 163, 167, 215, 229 124, 235 macrocosm, 100 Monastery of Marko, Markova mandorla, 92, 94, 96, 97, 100, Sušica, 138, 158, 167 107, 109, 110, 115, 117, 179, Monastery of St John the 181, 199, 201, 209, 236 Theologian, Patmos, 227 hesychast mandorla, 95, 109, 144, Monastery of Studenica, , 236 137, 156, 157, 158, 169 octagon, 95, 97, 99, 100, 240 Monastery of Vatopedi, Mt star-shaped, 93, 97, 111, 113, 115, Athos, 18, 68, 77, 209, 210, 148, 149, 157 211, 214, 227 Manuel Eugenicos, 4, 67, 68 Monastery of Xenophon, Mt Manuel Kalekas, 21 Athos, 110, 122 Manuel Kantacuzenos, 110 Monastery of Zographou, Mt Manuel Panselinos, 67, 111, 154 Athos, 29, 34, 214

304 Index monasticism, 2, 20, 25, 17, 32, 184–188, 193–194, 202, 204, 33–34, 102, 147, 184, 205, 209, 209, 211, 214, 217, 234–236 219, 233, 236 three stages of mystical journey, 39, monochrome, 75, 150, 187, 188, 82, 84, 93, 96, 103, 113, 148, 203 212, 236 Mystra, 72, 88, 89, 95, 104, 107, Monothelites, 58, 134, 135 110, 236 Moravia, Moravian school, 35, 215 natural contemplation, 17, 37, 62 mosaic, 63, 64, 86–87, 95, 104, negative theology, 12, 13, 39, 42, 107, 110–111, 114, 118, 136, 43, 61, 85, 102, 103, 148, 157, 141, 157–158, 161, 164, 179, 234, 240 220 nekrosis, 50 Moscow, 2–4, 10, 30–32, 34, 65, Neoplatonic, 206 67–69, 79–80, 94, 97, 101, 104, Neoplatonism, 1, 11, 56, 61, 150, 106, 116, 120, 127–129, 138, 207, 234 159–161, 170, 176, 179–183, nepsis, 20, 55 186–190, 192, 194–197, 199, New Testament, 15, 33, 34, 43, 200, 202–209, 212–213, 216, 82, 86, 101, 132, 140, 217 218, 219, 223–227, 234 Nicene Creed, 173 Moses, 18, 82, 84, 86, 87, 92, 96, Nicodemus Hagiorite, 83 100–104, 108, 109–110, 113, Nikephoros Gregoras, 9, 18, 24, 115–117, 144, 147, 160, 175, 25, 192, 236, 237 Nikon, 182, 189 Mount Athos, 13–14, 16, 18–20, Nil Sorsky, 26, 31, 33, 34, 161, 22, 26–29, 31–35, 56, 69, 72, 209 77, 95, 110–113, 122–123, 136– noetic, 20, 49, 52, 54, 55, 60, 237 138, 184, 209, 210, 213–215, nous, 12, 16–17, 26, 38, 40, 41, 227, 236 44, 48–51, 55–56, 60–62, 162, Mount Horeb, 18, 101, 237 Novgorod, 2, 116, 136, 182, 186, Mount Sinai, 5, 12–19, 26–28, 188–189, 202, 204, 207–209, 30, 31–33, 35–36, 55, 73, 84, 211, 215, 222, 225, 228, 230 86–87, 93–94, 95, 101–105, 111, 116, 118, 120, 131, 136, Oak of Mamre, 176, 178, 179, 148, 177, 214, 233, 236 191, 205, 210 Mount Tabor, 6, 17, 18, 20–21, octagon, 93–100, 110, 149, 202, 32, 34, 43–47, 53, 59, 62, 81– 236, 239–240 83, 85–90, 99, 100, 102–104, oikonomia, 58, 146, 173, 238 107, 109, 110, 113, 115, 117, Old Testament, 7, 63, 70, 84, 87, 142, 147, 203, 236, 237, 240 100–103, 108, 113, 137, 146, Musee du Louvre, Paris, 99, 119 154, 173, 175, 178, 182, 184, Museum of Castillo, Milan, 135 189, 191–192, 194–197, 199, mysticism, 1, 4, 9, 16, 18, 19, 200–202, 204–208, 210, 212, 24, 28–29, 32, 34, 40–41, 45, 215, 216, 218, 219, 236, 238 47, 50, 52–54, 57, 61, 64–66, omphalopsychoi, 16, 48, 54 72, 74, 75, 85, 93, 96, 97, 101, On Baptism, 90 103, 104, 111–112, 115–116, On Discipline in Discourse, 90 131, 139, 146, 162, 175, 176, On Synesius, 20

305 Hesychasm and Art

On Stillness and Two Methods of 175, 185, 197, 200, 206, 208, Prayer, 16 212, 234, 243, 251, 252 ontology, 43, 51, 59, 60, 151, Pneumatology, 173 173, 194, 202, 205, 207, 239 positive theology, 12, 42, 61, Origen, 84, 103, 133, 134, 175, 103, 147, 193, 234, 237, 240 194 praktike-physike-theologia, 11, ousia, 148, 178, 216 15–17, 37, 50, 52, 142, 233 Ouspensky, L., 95 praxis, 11, 17–18, 51, 52, 142 pre-Renaissance, 1, 63 Pachomius the Serb, 18, 34, 189 pre-Sinaitic, 86 painter, Theodosius, 225 Prochoros, 25, 26 painter, Dionysius, 172 Proclus, 42, 192 Palaeologan Prophet Samuel, 158 art, 4, 63, 64 prosopon, 99 era, 1–5, 7, 9, 25, 36, 63–66, Protaton Church, Mt Athos, 67, 71, 88, 95, 106–107, 115, 131, 69, 111, 137, 154, 163 137–139, 152, 154, 157, 159, protopsalts, 133, 156, 157, 160, 162, 173, 180–181, 215, 233, 161 235, 238, 240 prototype, 84, 173, 179, 181, Palamism, 21, 173, 188, 192, 193, 204, 215 195 Pskov, Pskov school, 2, 159, 160, Pantokrator, 68, 93, 110, 123 170–171, 207–208, 224 parekklesion, 6, 139, 140, 141 psychosomatic, 1, 16, 52, 55, 61, Parisinus Graecus, 6, 81, 88–91, 62, 156, 233–234 99, 102–117, 209, 212–214, Pythagoras, 37, 42, 200 229, 236–237, 240 Paroria, 14, 19, 27 Rabbula Gospel, 86 parousia, 58, 60, 62, 81, 97, 203, rays of light, 74, 87, 92–94, 110, 207 112–113, 115–16, 148–149, participation, 15, 25–26, 37, 40, 150, 156, 235, 236 42, 47, 48, 51, 56–57, 60–61, Renaissance, 1–3, 9, 14, 19, 23, 67, 70–71, 96, 103, 105, 108, 25, 64, 158, 178 117, 142, 150, 188, 193, 196– Resurrection, 45, 54, 83, 98, 101, 197, 207 103, 133–135, 137, 141–143, Paschal Homily of John 146, 148, 151, 153–154, 159, Chrysostom, 134 160, 168, 183, 192, 206, 210, Patriarch Arsenus, 3 234, 236–237 patristic, 15, 17, 19, 25, 31, 39, revelation, of God, 38, 42–45, 40, 48, 51, 57, 59, 61, 84, 96, 56, 61, 84–85, 90, 97, 102–103, 101, 132, 196, 214 132, 173, 175–177, 184, 192, perichoresis, 175, 193, 198, 201, 194, 202, 212, 214, 234 202 reverse, perspective, 109, 115, personhood, 59 134, 153, 173, 199, 237 Peter of Damascus, 31 rigorism, 1 philosophy, 1, 3, 10, 15–17, 20, Romaike Historia, 18 24, 30, 36–40, 42, 49, 57, 61, Rock-hewn churches of Ivanovo, 70, 94, 102, 139, 155, 157–158, 4, 67, 113, 114, 125, 165

306 Index

Rostov, 159, 208 207, 210, 217, 219, 234, 236, Russia, 1–4, 30–34, 67, 69, 239, 240 78–80, 88–89, 101, 109, 112, Symeon the New Theologian, 114, 116, 120, 123, 127–129, 12, 13, 68, 89, 202, 234, 235 136–137, 159–161, 170–172, synergia, 52, 54, 62, 68, 143, 156, 181–187, 190, 192, 199, 201– 198, 234, 237 209, 211–213, 215, 218, 219, Syrian, 13, 31, 33, 83, 101, 132, 221–228, 230 180, 188

Santa Sabina, Rome, 86 tetramorphous, 96 sarchophagus, 137, 140, 153, 160 the tripartite stage, 142 Satan, 132–133, 138, 141–142, the Uncreated light, 3–6, 12, 13, 148, 150–151, 156, 161, 237 17–18, 21, 25, 32–34, 43, 45– scribe, Ioasaph, 91, 106, 229 46, 48, 52, 55, 59, 62, 64–67, senses, 15, 26, 41, 44, 45, 46, 47, 75, 81, 83–84, 90, 92–95, 97, 52, 56, 61, 62, 85, 98 99, 102, 105, 109–110, 112, Serbia, 2, 4, 27, 30, 34–36, 114–117, 131, 142, 145–146, 76–77, 112–113, 121, 137, 158, 148, 154, 155, 161, 175, 166, 168–169, 214–215, 217, 184–185, 188, 202–204, 219, 231 234–236, 237, 240 Slavic theandric, 194 art, 1, 5, 93, 156 Theodore Methochites, 139, 140, lands, 1–7, 9, 13–14, 19, 26, 30, 152 63, 65, 67, 70, 116, 187, 213, Theodosius of Trnovo, 27, 30 238, 240 Theoleptus, 13, 14, 21 renewal, 30, 32, 161 Theophanes the Cretan, 123 Sol Domini Imperii Romani, 149 Theophanes the Greek, 4, 34, Sophia, wisdom, 21, 69–70, 73, 67, 89, 101, 109, 114, 127, 182, 79, 97, 110, 136, 154, 180–181, 183, 186, 189, 228 217, 231 theology, 1–29, 31, 34, 36–43, composition, 216 45, 47, 49–98, 109, 11, 114, Soteriology, 12, 82, 84–85, 135, 116, 132–136, 142–150, 157, 151, 157, 173 160, 173, 175–179, 180, 185, sphere, od mandorla, 14, 40, 63, 191–198, 200, 202, 207, 212, 71, 93, 94, 96–97, 157, 161, 214, 227, 233–239 200, 201, 202, 218 theologia, 11, 52, 58, 62, 142, 173, spiral, of mental ascent, 96, 98, theophania, 173 191, 206–207, 216, 240 theophany, 18, 81, 84, 99, 149, St. Nikita, Cucer, 155, 215, 229 173, 176 Stefan Lazarevic, 30 theoptia, 173 Stephan Dushan, 26, 35 theosis, 1, 6, 11–12, 15, 17–18, Sunday of Orthodoxy, 4 25, 37–39, 42–45, 47, 51–52, syllogism, 22, 25, 37, 39, 61 55–57, 60, 62, 67, 81–82, 84, symbol, 44, 46, 48, 66, 74, 86, 90–91, 93, 102, 104, 106, 111, 95–97, 99, 102–103, 115, 117, 115, 131, 134, 144, 146–147, 142, 145–150, 162, 178, 185– 149, 150–151, 154, 180, 183– 186, 191, 199, 200, 202, 204, 184, 196, 229, 233, 236, 237

307 Hesychasm and Art

Theotokos, iconography Trnovo, 26, 27, 29, 30, 180 Life-giving Spring, 41, 71, 72, 73, typology, 101–102, 135, 143, 216 79, 181, 207, 235 Light-emitting lamp, 74 unknowable, God, 42, 94, 102, Orans, 110 176, 205 Theotokos, Mother of God, 71– 74, 78, 79, 82, 86, 93–94, 113, Vatican Gospel, 89 125, 139, 140, 143–146, 155, vision, 12, 16, 19, 25–26, 36, 161, 165, 184, 192, 204, 218, 41–43, 55, 59, 61–62, 64, 66, 227, 235, 237 72–73, 81–85, 90, 92, 95, 98, Thessaloniki, 14, 19–21, 24, 99, 100, 102, 105, 108, 109, 27–28, 48, 68, 107, 109–110, 112–113, 115, 117, 131, 134– 113–114, 137–156, 158 145, 149, 151, 155, 162, 173, three apostles, 86 175–176, 184–186, 195, 199, three stages of spiritual life, 17 204, 205, 212, 218, 219, 234, transcendence, 23, 37, 41–43, 46, 235, 237 53–56, 58, 61–62, 66, 94, 97, vision, of Ezekiel, 4 103, 117, 153, 162, 194, 205, vision, of God, 11, 17, 18, 23, 217, 235–236, 239, 240 26, 36–38, 40, 42–46, 48, 53, Transfiguration of Christ, 5, 6, 57, 84, 101, 103, 142, 144, 150, 18, 59, 81, 84–87, 90–91, 96, 175–176 98, 99, 100–105, 109, 112, 117– Visoki Decani, 30 119, 120–129, 142, 234 Vita of Sergius, 33 Treatise on Christ and Anti- Vita of Theodosius, 28, 29, 33 Christ, 133 Vitae, lifes of saints, 27, 29 Treatise on the Soul, 133 Trebizond, 136 Wedding of Cana, 217–218 trends, spiritual, 1–2, 5–6, 10, West, 13, 19, 25, 43, 54, 73, 82, 63, 65, 70, 103–104, 216, 235 95, 133, 149, 151, 163, 175, trends, artistic, 1–5, 7, 63, 75, 177–178, 180, 183, 195, 196, 131, 151, 154, 159, 215, 232, 225 235–236 Treskavac Monastery, Prilep, 73 Zyrian, heritage, 34, 195, 221 triangle, 92, 96–97, 100, 104, 107–108, 115, 153–154, 200– 201 Trinity, 6, 16, 20, 24, 38–60, 101–102, 105, 142, 145–147, 149, 150, 173, 176, 185, 192– 193, 195, 198, 206 Trinity Sergeus’s Lavra, 78, 184, 186, 182, 189, 204–205, 209, 222, 223 Triodion of the Liturgy of Holy Week, 133 tripartite representation, Mt Tabor, 6, 81, 88, 240

308 This text taken from Hesychasm and Art: The Appearance of New Iconographic Trends in Byzantine and Slavic Lands in the 14th and 15th Centuries, by Dr Anita Strezova, published 2014 by ANU Press, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.