apocatastasis, 133 Index Apocryphal text, 32, 82, 132 apodictic, 17, 38, 42 Abba Dorotheus, 31 Apparition of the Virgin to abstraction, 42, 44, 45, 152 Sergius of Radonezh, 204, 205, Adam, 15, 21, 49, 53, 131–132, 222 134, 137–147, 151–159, 160, Aristotle, 1, 20, 25, 37, 39, 61, 174, 237 139, 234 Adamites, 28 Arsenius of Crete, 14 agape, 62, 218 Arsenius, Bishop of Tyre, 24 Akathistos Hymn, 4, 70, 73, 80, Ascension of Christ, 93 106, 139, 235 ascent, 11, 13, 16, 17, 18, 41, 49, Akyndinos, 24 50, 52, 61, 64, 93, 96, 103, 142, Alexander Svirsky, 185 143, 147, 188, 192–193, 233, Alexios Apokaukus, 22 236, 240 Ambrose of Milan, 134, 175, 177 ascetic, 4, 11–15, 18, 19, 21, 33, Anastasis, 4, 5, 6, 75, 93, 131– 37, 41, 145, 184, 188, 189, 206 173, 236, 237–238, 240–241 Athanasius of Alexandria, 134 anchoretis, 11 Athanasius of Sinai, 177 Andrei Rublev, 34, 78, 116, 128, Augustine of Hippo, 44, 134, 177 161, 173, 179–180, 182, 185, 186, 190, 196, 198–200, 202, Baptism, 16, 21, 32, 40, 53–54, 205, 206, 210, 219, 227, 238 61, 90, 98, 146, 183, 191, 236 Andreopoulos, A., 96, 99 Barlaam and Iosaphat, 4, 69, 78, Andronicus II, III (Palaelogoi), 9, 235 13, 21, 22, 30, 66, 139 Barlaam of Calabria, 2, 4, 5, 9–10, Andronikov Monastery, 182, 183 19–24, 36–39, 40, 42–45, 48, Angel of the Great Council, 69, 49, 50, 52, 54, 57–59, 61–62, 216, 217 69, 70, 78, 85, 111, 205, 233, angels, Old Testament Trinity, 234 45, 69, 70, 84, 99, 135, 144, Basil the Great, 41, 58, 70, 84, 161, 173–174, 179, 180–183, 101, 235 191–213, 216–218, 238–240 Basilica of St Apollinaire in anitnomy of God, 37, 41, 54, 57, Classe, Ravenna, 86 61, 96, 149, 176, 192, 195, 234, Bdinski Sbornik, 27 239, Bogomilism, 28, 106, 109, 111, Anna of Savoy, 27 151, 183, 207, 229 Anne of Savoy, 22, 25 Boyana Church of St Nicholas Annunciation Cathedral, and St Panteleimon, Sofia, 125, Kremlin, 79, 128, 183, 187, 225 166 Anonymous Dialogue with Jews, British Museum, 135, 181 176 Bulgaria, 2, 4, 14, 27, 28, 29, 30, anthropology, 11, 49, 52, 62, 146, 38, 67, 112, 113, 125, 126, 137, 234 165, 166–167, 214 anti-Trinitarian, 207, 208 Bulgarian patriarchate, 28 apatheia, 18, 50, 51 Burning Bush, 101, 103 Apocalypse of Peter, 82, 83 Byzantine, 1–75, 81–90, 93, 299 Hesychasm and Art 94, 95, 97–100, 103, 105, 106, 110, 155 108–116, 131–149, 151, 152, Church of St George, Kurbinovo, 154–162, 173, 178, 180–192, 121, 137, 155, 156, 158, 163 200, 203, 206, 209, 211–219, Church of St George, Staro 233– 236, 238, 240 Nagoricane, 113, 124, 155 Byzantine art, 2, 3, 6, 63, 65, 67, 71, Church of Joachim and Ana, 94, 100, 105, 115, 145, 155, 180, Studenica, 156 188, 211, 219, 238 Church of St Nikita, Banjani, Byzantium, 1– 6, 9, 10, 13, 18, 155, 215, 229 22, 26, 30–32, 35, 36, 48, 63, Church of St. Nikolas Orphanos, 64, 70, 74, 101, 105, 106, 108, Thessaloniki, 156, 158 110, 131, 136, 139, 140, 161, Church of the Annunciation, 187, 203, 207, 211, 212, 215– Kremlin, 79, 128, 183, 187 216, 234, 235 Church of the Deposition of the Robe, Kremlin, 69, 120, 226 Cappadocian, 12, 56, 58, 90, 192, Church of the Nativity of the 202 Virgin, Suzdal, 2, 181, 182 cartography, 98, 99, 100 Church of the Protaton, Karyes, catacombs, 178 67, 69, 111, 137, 154, 163 catharsis, 18 Church of the Resurrection of Cathedral of Santa Maria Christ, Veroia, 20, 27, 68, 138, Assunta, Torcello, 137 168 Cathedral of the Dormition, Church of the Saviour, Chora, 6, Kremlin, 80, 123 25, 72, 107, 131, 138, 139, 140, Cathedral of the Transfiguration, 141, 142, 144, 146, 147, 150, Mirozhsky Monastery, Pskov, 151, 152, 154, 155, 156, 157, 136, 170 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 238, Cathedral Pereslavl-Zaleski, 240 Yaroslavl, 101 Church of the Virgin chora, meaning, 139 Misericordiuse, Prespa, 113 Christology, 12, 69, 71, 173 Church of Theodore Tyro and Church feast, 17–18, 59, 81–84, Theodore Stratelates, Dobarsko, 88, 131–135, 142, 183, 207– 126, 137, 167 208, 217 Church of Tokali Killise, Goreme, Church of Holy Apostles, 106 Thessaloniki, 107, 158 Church of Virgin Mary, Church of Hosios Loukas, Phocis, Gračanica, 77, 104, 113, 138, 137, 142, 151, 164 155, 215, 216, 217, 230 Church of Nea Moni, Chios, 137, circle, 73, 92–97, 99, 100, 106, 151, 164 107, 109, 113–117, 148–150, Church of Our Savior in the 181, 191, 197, 200, 201, 202, Woods, Kremlin, 129 205, 206, 209, 211, 216, 236, Church of Panagia Phorbiotissa, 238, 239, 240, 241 Asinou, 75 circumscription, of Christ, 68, Church of St Clement (Church of 131, 135, 178, 214, 215 the Virgin Peribleptos), Ohrid, Clement of Alexandria, 84 69, 72, 74, 76, 89, 104, 107, communicatio idiomatum, 82, 193 300 Index communion, with Christ, 26, 37, 192, 196, 214, 237 40, 48, 53, 55, 57, 59, 105, 147, doctrine, 2, 4, 9, 11, 14–15, 17, 23–25, 149, 151, 185, 191, 199, 205, 28, 31, 34, 36, 48, 51, 53, 57, 59– 62, 207, 210, 217, 240 64, 66, 69, 71, 73, 74, 81, 82, 85, 89, Comnenian era, 161, 180 90, 91, 95, 97, 102, 105, 115, 117, Constantine the Philosopher, 30, 131, 135, 146, 151, 156, 177–178, 86 192, 194, 196–197, 200, 201, 207, Constantinople, 9, 14, 19, 20–22, 216, 233–234, 236, 238 26, 28, 29, 30, 31–33, 36, 48, dogma, 7, 19, 57, 59, 95, 99, 148, 56, 67, 68, 72, 81, 88–89, 94, 159, 173, 176 –177, 195, 197, 95, 136–137, 138, 139, 140– 202, 206–209, 216, 238, 239 143, 146, 148, 150, 151, 161, dogmatic, 1, 14, 21, 179, 213, 181, 193, 211, 234 233 contemplation, 3, 11, 13, 14, 16– Dormition of the Virgin, 75, 76, 17, 19, 34, 35, 37, 39, 40–42, 77–78, 93, 113, 187 46, 47, 49, 50, 52, 56, 61, 62– 64, 71, 142, 159, 176, 188–189, Ecclesiology, 13, 26, 28, 30, 32, 193–94, 197, 204, 211–212, 36, 49, 83, 90, 97, 102, 133, 216, 234–235, 239 149, 211 Councils ego-transcendent, 62 Ecumenical, 27 Eight Tome[s] of the Idiometa, hesychast, 9, 89 133 Stoglav, 186, 195 Elijah, 18, 84, 86–87, 92, 96, Cyril of Alexandria, 83, 134, 175, 100–102, 104, 108, 109, 110, 176 113, 115–117, 144, 236, 237 Czar John Alexander, 14, 27 emperor, 9, 10, 21–22, 24, 26, 91, 95– 96, 134, 145, 212, 214 Descent into Hell, 132, 136, 137, empirical, 20, 54 151 energies, of God, 2, 6, 12–13, Demina, N., 195 21–25, 32, 37, 40, 43, 46, 52, demons, demonic, 16, 41, 50, 61 54, 56–62, 70, 74, 81, 84, 89, dialectic, 39, 61, 104 92–93, 97, 98, 102, 104, 112, diastema, 59, 234 115, 143, 146, 149, 150, 192– Dionysius the Areopagite, 36, 59, 193, 202, 206, 216, 234, 239 93, 94, 97, 101, 102, 103, 104, enhypostatic 148–150, 191–193, 200, 207, nature, 46, 60, 112, 145 240 symbol, 46, 145 ditheism, 21 Ephraim the Syrian, 188 divine darkness, 18, 39, 46, 94, eros, 42 103, 148 eremitic, 14, 32 divine essence, 3, 21, 23, 25, 37, Eschatology, 26, 45, 46, 54, 57, 39, 44, 57–59, 61, 70, 84, 143, 84, 86, 98, 101, 148, 151, 161– 149, 193, 216, 240 162, 234, 236, 237 divine-human, nature of Christ, essence, 2– 3, 12–13, 21, 22–25, 6, 17–18, 41–44, 52, 57, 59, 64, 28, 37–39, 43, 44, 45, 47– 48, 71, 82, 84–85, 94, 99, 100, 131, 52, 56, 57–59, 61, 62, 64, 70, 133, 143, 150–51, 175, 177, 84–85, 89, 94, 96–97, 102, 104, 301 Hesychasm and Art 112, 115, 143, 146, 148, 149, God, as creator, 41–43, 51, 56, 150, 154, 192–195, 197, 216, 58, 104, 144, 151, 192, 194, 234, 239, 240 206, 209, 240 essence and energies, 12–13, 22, golden ratio, 200–201 24, 37, 56, 57, 89, 97, 149, 216, Gospel, 3, 56, 82, 84, 194 234 grace, of God, 6, 11–12, 15–16, eternal glory, 85, 150 21–22, 24–25, 37–38, 41–43, Eucharist, 25, 48, 53, 74, 86, 131, 45, 47–53, 56, 58–59, 60, 64, 134, 146, 185, 191, 201, 206, 70, 84, 90, 93, 105, 131, 143, 210, 216, 218, 240 146, 150–151, 162, 173, 188, Eulogia Choumnaina, 20 193, 196, 201, 210, 233, 237, Eusebius of Caesarea, 83, 176 238 Euthymius, 29, 30, 66 Greco-Roman, 49 Eutychios and Michael Astrapas, Gregory Akindynos, 20, 21, 22, 76, 124 23, 24, 38, 39, 43, 52, 54 Gregory of Nyssa, 11, 41, 101, Fall of Troy, 27 102, 147, 192 filioque, 20, 38, 73, 95, 173, 195, Gregory of Sinai, 5, 12–19, 26– 207, 216, 234 28, 30–33, 35–36, 55, 73, 93, First Letter of Gregory the 101, 103, 105, 111, 214, 233 Theologian to Kledonio, 90 Gregory Palamas, 2–5, 9–10, 12, Five Discourses on the Taboric 14, 16–26, 31, 32, 34, 35– 62, Light, 47 64, 68, 69, 70, 71–73, 77, 85, fresco, 4, 6, 69, 75–78, 106, 89, 91, 93, 97–98, 99, 101–103, 111–114, 120–126, 131, 139, 105, 111, 114, 142, 144–147, 140–141, 147, 148, 150–155, 149, 150, 160, 192–196, 203– 157–158, 161–163, 165–169, 206, 214, 233, 235, 236 170, 188, 211–212, 215–218, Gregory the Great, 18–19 225, 227–231, 238, 240 Gregory the Theologian, 68, 70, 89, 90, 98, 103, 150, 176, 193, General Vigil Service of the Holy 196, 197, 235 Fathers, 177 Gregory the Wise, 18 Genesis, 15, 53, 94, 144, 173– Gregory Tsamblak, 30 175, 178–179, 182, 184, 191, 194–195, 204, 205, 212, 214 hagiography, 36, 90, 99, 102, glory, 26, 44–46, 50–51, 54, 57, 106, 213, 215, 237 81, 82, 83, 84–86, 90, 92, 95– Hellenism, 1, 3, 6, 9–10, 27, 32, 96, 99–101, 108, 111–112, 131, 38, 49, 114, 145, 235 133, 135, 137, 143, 150, 154, hesychasm, 1–102, 104–107, 187, 193, 236, 237 109–117, 131, 142–147, 150, gnosis, gnostic, 11, 49, 56, 66, 152, 154–157, 159, 161–162, 133 173, 182, 184, 185, 187–188, Godhead, 16, 43, 48, 85, 90, 97, 192, 195–196, 198, 200, 201– 99, 112, 131, 143, 146, 175, 205, 207–219, 233–240 178, 19, 196, 198, 203, 216, 217 hesychia, 1–2, 14, 40, 54, 61, 105, God’s commandments, 7, 15, 16, 146, 184, 192, 205, 219, 233, 238, 239 18, 22, 51, 53, 58, 103, 151, 192 302 Index Hesychast controversy, 5, 10, ignorance, ignoratio, 37, 38, 50, 14, 19, 22–25, 36, 68, 69, 71, 56, 150 88, 97, 117, 144, 162, 173, 184, illumination, book, 1, 88–89, 93, 187, 195, 210–211,