DOCSLIB.ORG

The Sustainability of Water Supply Schemes

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Sustainability of Water Supply Schemes Research-inspired Policy and Practice Learning in Ethiopia and the Nile region DRAFT The Sustainability of Water Supply Schemes A case study in Mirab Abaya woreda Israel Deneke and Habtamu Abebe Hawassa March 2008 Working Paper 4 Research-inspired Policy and Practice Learning in Ethiopia and the Nile region (RiPPLE) Research-inspired Policy and Practice Learning in Ethiopia and the Nile region (RiPPLE) is a five-year research programme consortium funded by the UK's Department for International Development (DFID). It aims to advance evidence-based learning on water supply and sanitation (WSS) focusing specifically on issues of planning, financing, delivery and sustainability and the links between sector improvements and pro-poor economic growth. RIPPLE Working Papers contain research questions, methods, preliminary analysis and discussion of research results (from case studies or desk research). They are intended to stimulate debate on policy implications of research findings as well as feed into Long-term Action Research. RiPPLE Office, c/o WaterAid Ethiopia, Kirkos Sub-city, Kebele 04, House no 620, Debrezeit Road, PO Box 4812, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Acknowledgements The authors of this paper would like to thank the following for their invaluable support and time: • The Woreda LPA members for their support and time; • Desta Dimste, SNNPR Regional Facilitator, RiPPLE • Aschalew Sidelil, Alaba Special woreda Facilitator, RiPPLE • Tsegaw Hailu, Mirab Abaya woreda Facilitaor, RiPPLE • GaP theme members 1 Working Paper 4: The Sustainability of Water Supply Schemes: A case study in Mirab Abaya woreda DRAFT Contents Executive summary................................................................................................................. 6 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 9 2 Research background and methodology ....................................................................... 11 2.1 Background to the study area...........................................................................................................11 2.2 Background to RiPPLE, GaP theme and the case study..............................................................11 2.3 Objectives of the study and research questions...........................................................................13 2.4 Tools, methods and sampling............................................................................................................14 2.5 Study implementation..........................................................................................................................16 3 Findings............................................................................................................................. 18 3.1 Sustainability, functionality and service level of water services.................................................18 3.2 Resource availability at Woreda.......................................................................................................29 3.3 Knowledge, attitude and practices of service providers and users..........................................30 4 Discussion ......................................................................................................................... 35 4.1 Institutional factors ..............................................................................................................................35 4.2 Financial factors ....................................................................................................................................39 4.3 Technical factors ..................................................................................................................................40 5 Conclusions and Recommendations.............................................................................. 42 5.1 Conclusions ...........................................................................................................................................42 5.2 Recommendations................................................................................................................................44 References .............................................................................................................................. 46 Annex 1: Mirab Abaya mapping data .................................................................................. 48 Annex 2: WATSANCo resources, selected Kebeles.......................................................... 57 Annex 3: Woreda office resources....................................................................................... 60 Annex 4: Stakeholder mapping............................................................................................ 61 2 Research-inspired Policy and Practice Learning in Ethiopia and the Nile region (RiPPLE) List of tables and figures Table 3.1: Existing status of water supply schemes in the Woreda.............................................. 19 Table 3.2: Scheme functionality in Kebeles and associated population data ............................... 20 Table 3.3: Scheme main features ........................................................................................................... 21 Table 3.4: WATSANCo equipment and saving.................................................................................. 28 Table 3.5: Human resources available and required by sector offices ......................................... 29 Table 3.6: Resources available and required for basic service delivery........................................ 30 Figure 3.1: Proportion of schemes by type .......................................................................................... 18 Figure 3.2: Abandoned scheme ............................................................................................................... 24 Figure 3.3: Causes of scheme non-functionality .................................................................................. 24 Figure 3.4: Scheme development financing organisations ................................................................. 25 Figure 3.5: Different scheme technologies in the Woreda............................................................... 25 Figure 4.1: Wanke Wajifo Kebele WASANCo members and operators in an FGD................. 35 Figure 4.2: Maintenance tools – Ankober Kebele............................................................................... 36 3 Working Paper 4: The Sustainability of Water Supply Schemes: A case study in Mirab Abaya woreda DRAFT List of Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank AIDS Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome BH Borehole BoWR Bureau of Water Resources CBO Community-based Organisation DFID UK Department for International Development EC Ethiopian Calendar ESRDF Ethiopian Social Rehabilitation and Development Fund FGD Focus Group Discussion FN Functional GaP Governance and Planning GPS Gravity Piped Scheme HDW Hand Dug Well HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IDR Institute for Development Research IRC International Water and Sanitation Centre KAP Knowledge, Attitude and Practice l/c/d Litres per capita per day LP Lister Peter LPA Learning and Practice Alliance LAR Long-term Action Research MAW-WRDO Mirab Abaya Woreda Water Resources Development Office MDG Millennium Development Goal MoWR Ministry of Water Resources MSW Machine Shallow Well NF Non-functional NGO Nongovernmental Organisation O&M Operation and Maintenance ODI Overseas Development Institute OPS On-spot Protected Spring PS Protected Spring 4 Research-inspired Policy and Practice Learning in Ethiopia and the Nile region (RiPPLE) QIS Qualitative Information System RiPPLE Research-inspired Policy and Practice Learning in Ethiopia and the Nile Region R-WaSH Rural Water Supply, Sanitation and Hygiene SNNPR Southern Nations and Nationalities Peoples Region SPSS Statistical Package for Social Science UAP Universal Access Plan UK United Kingdom UN United Nations UNICEF UN Children’s Fund UNDP UN Development Programme USAID US Agency for International Development VLOM Village-level Operation and Maintenance WaSH Water, Sanitation and Hygiene WATSANCo Water and Sanitation Committee WHO World Health Organization WVE World Vision Ethiopia WS Water source WWRDO Woreda Water Resources Development Office WWT Woreda Water Team ZWRDO Zonal Water Resources Development Office 5 Working Paper 4: The Sustainability of Water Supply Schemes: A case study in Mirab Abaya woreda DRAFT Executive summary The sustainability of community-managed rural water supply schemes is a key factor in meeting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGS), in terms of ensuring environmental sustainability, improving health and eradicating extreme poverty for the overwhelming rural majority living in the developing world. To sustain water supply schemes, it is vital to have the involvement of all segments of the community in the form of full participation and control over the scheme’s operation and maintenance (O&M), overall management, strategic decision making, ownership and cost sharing for O&M and construction activities. Moreover, such community management has to be backed by external agents over a long period of time with regard to technical issues for O&M, training, monitoring, information collection, coordination and facilitation. This study was conducted in Mirab Abaya Woreda by the RiPPLE programme under one of its thematic areas, the Governance and Planning theme (GaP). The
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Revisiting Gamo: Linguists’ Classification Versus Self Identification of the Community
    Vol. 5(9), pp. 373-380, December, 2013 DOI: 10.5897/IJSA2013.0471 International Journal of Sociology and ISSN 2006- 988x © 2013 Academic Journals Anthropology http://www.academicjournals.org/IJSA Full Length Research Paper Revisiting Gamo: Linguists’ classification versus self identification of the community Hirut Woldemariam Department of Linguistics, Institute of Language Studies, Addis Ababa University, P. O. Box 1176, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Accepted 17 September, 2013 This study attempts to contribute to our knowledge about Gamo, a member of the North Ometo subgroup, which is one of the four subgroups that constitute the Ometo group of the Omotic language family (Fleming, 1976; Bender, 2000). This paper characterizes some of the issues in the research of language and identity. It will attempt to employ the complementary perspectives of sameness and difference between Gamo, its sisters in the North Ometo sub-branch and its dialects. North Ometo comprises of several related languages and dialects of which Gamo is one. The exact relationship amongst the Ometo languages is not well known. Not equally well known is the relationship Gamo has with its sisters and daughters. The study tries to address issues concerning with misrepresentation of the Gamo language by the existing classification in one hand and what the self perception of the Gamo community likes on the other hand. This study aimed at examining linguistic facts and the Gamo speakers’ own understandings of their identities. To this end, the study has used linguistic, anthropological and sociolinguists attempt to characterize membership of Gamo based on linguistic facts and members’ self ethno-linguistic identificationi.
    [Show full text]
  • Full Length Research Article DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH
    Available online at http://www.journalijdr.com International Journal of DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH ISSN: 2230-9926 International Journal of Development Research Vol. 07, Issue, 01, pp.11119-11130, January, 2017 Full Length Research Article DETERMINANTS OF RURAL HOUSEHOLDS’ VULNERABILITY TO POVERTY IN CHENCHA AND ABAYA DISTRICTS, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA *Fassil Eshetu Abebe Department of Economics, College of Business and Economics, Arba Minch University ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Article History: This study primarily aimed to examine the determinants of rural households’ vulnerability to Received 27th October, 2016 poverty and to profile the households according to their level of vulnerability using Feasible Received in revised form Generalized Least Square (FGLS) and Logistic Regression analysis with the help of data collected 28th November, 2016 from a sample of 500 households in two Woredas. The general poverty line of the study area was Accepted 14th December, 2016 determined to be Birr 248 per month per adult equivalent and 29.8 percent of the population in the th Published online 30 January, 2017 study areas were found to be poor. The projected consumption percapita after the three step FGLS estimation revealed that, the incidence of vulnerability to poverty in the area was 34.2 percent and Key Words: therefore, vulnerability was more spread in the study areas than ex post poverty. Using the two Poverty, Vulnerability, vulnerability thresholds, observed poverty rate (0.298) and vulnerability of 0.5, about 28.6%, Feasible Generalized Least Square, 5.6% and 65.8% of households were highly vulnerable, low vulnerable and not vulnerable Logit Model and Ethiopia. respectively. Most importantly, from the total poor households about 81.75%, 3.25% and 15% were highly vulnerable, low vulnerable and not vulnerable respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Land Use Patterns and Its Implication for Climate Change: the Case of Gamo Gofa, Southern Ethiopia
    Defaru Debebe. et al., IJSRR 2013, 2(3), 155-173 Research article Available online www.ijsrr.org ISSN: 2279–0543 International Journal of Scientific Research and Reviews Land Use Patterns and its Implication for Climate Change: The Case of Gamo Gofa, Southern Ethiopia Defaru Debebe* and Tuma Ayele Arba Minch University P.O.Box 21, Arba Minch, Ethiopia ABSTRACT Land is one of three major factors of production in classical economics (along with labor and capital) and an essential input for housing and crop production. Land use is the backbone of agriculture and it provides substantial economic and social benefits. Assessing past-to present land use patterns associated with the crop production helps to understand which climatic effects might arise due to expanding crop cultivation. This study was conducted to evaluate the land use pattern and its implication for climate change in Gamo Gofa, Southern Ethiopia. For evaluation, correlation and time series trend analysis were used. Results revealed that a significant reduction in cultivable land, which was converted into cropland and might increase deforestation and greenhouse gas emission, in turn induce climate change. The correlation between cropland and fertile (cultivable) land (r=0.22674) in 2005 improved to (r=0.75734) in 2012 indicating major shift of fertile land to cropland in seven years interval. On other side, twelve years (1987-1999 and 2000-2011) average maximum temperature difference in Gamo Gafa was increased 0.425oC with standard deviation 0.331. It is statistically significant (t =1.284, alpha=0.10) at 10% level of error. Moreover, the spatial differences in climate change are likely to imply a heterogeneous pattern of land use responses.
    [Show full text]
  • Hygienic Practice Among Milk and Cottage Cheese Handlers in Districts of Gamo and Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia
    Research Article Volume 12:2, 2021 Journal of Veterinary Science & Technology ISSN: 2157-7579 Open Access Knowledge; Hygienic Practice among Milk and Cottage Cheese Handlers in Districts of Gamo and Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia Edget Alembo* Department of Animal Science, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia Abstract A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted in Arba Minch Zuria and Demba Gofa districts of Gamo and Gofa Zone of the Southern nation nationalities and people’s regional state with the objectives of assessing knowledge of hygienic practice of milk and cheese handlers in both study area. For this a total of 102 farmers who involved in milking, collecting and retailing of milk were included in the study area. Data obtained from questionnaire survey were analyzed by descriptive statistics and Chi –square test, using the Statistical package for social science (SPSS Version 17). The participants of this study were woman of different age group and 27(52.9%) of participants in Arba Minch Zuria and 32(64.7%) in Demba Gofa were >36 years old. The majority of participants 21(41.2%) and 22(43.1%) were educated up to grade 1-8 in Arba Minch Zuria and Demba Gofa, respectively. This had an impact on hygienic practice of milking and milk handling. The difference in hygienic handling, training obtained and cheese making practice among the study areas were statistically significant (p<0.05). There was also a statistically significant difference in hand washing and utensil as well as manner of washing between the two study areas (p<0.01). Finally this study revealed that there were no variation in Antibiotic usage and Practice of treating sick animal in both study area (p>0.05) with significant difference in Prognosis, Level of skin infection and Selling practice among study participants in both study areas (p<0.05).
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness of Farmers in Chencha Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia
    International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 7, Issue 1, January 2017 69 ISSN 2250-3153 Environmental Knowledge, Attitude and Awareness of Farmers in Chencha Woreda, Gamo Gofa Zone, South Ethiopia Mohammed Seid Adem Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Arba Minch University, P O BOX: 21 Abstract- In different parts of Ethiopia, even though many Currently, ED in Ethiopia has long been severe threat and studies have been conducted on environment and management of tribulation that, ranging from very severe in rural areas to severe natural resources, the environmental literacy level of farmers is in urban areas [4]. ED refers to the temporary or permanent loss not utterly studied and analyzed. Therefore, this study was of natural resources as the result of human activities that designed to assess the environmental knowledge, attitude and impeding the capacity to contribute for food security, climate awareness of farmers at Chencha Woreda, Southern Ethiopia. adaptation, fuel wood consumption, and other ecosystem Stratified and systematic samplings were applied to select target benefits. population. The primary data were gathered from 330 household Ethiopian has been facing rapid and exhaustive degradation heads by using standardized questionnaire. The analysis was of forest and soil resources. The rapid population growth; undertaken by using quantitative methods [ANOVA, Tukey test, increased crop cultivation in marginal areas and increased eta square, and T-test]. The study revealed that, nearly 50% of livestock grazing pressure; poor agricultural practices have the respondents had medium level of environmental knowledge resulted in exhaustive forest and soil degradation [5, 4]. Many and awareness level. The statistical analysis displayed that educat studies have shown that deforestation is undoubtedly has ional status, age, & information accessibility had statistically sign increased from time to time and has occurred in the remaining ificant influence on environmental knowledge, attitude and forested areas of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • World Vision Etiopia
    FOOD SECURITY MONITORING REPORT OF NOVEMBER 1999 WORLD VISION ETIOPIA FOOD SECURITY MONITORING REPORT OF NOVEMBER 1999 Grants division February 2000 Addis Ababa FOOD SECURITY MONITORING REPORT OF NOVEMBER 1999 TABLE OF CONTENTS I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................................6 II. SURVEY RESULT CLASSIFICATION AND INTERPRETATION ..............................................................7 III. TIGRAY REGIONAL STATE.........................................................................................................................8 3.1. ATSBI WOMBERTA AND TSEDA AMBA WOREDAS (KILTE AWLAELO ADP) ....................................................8 3.1.1. Back Ground ........................................................................................................................................8 3.1.2. Crop and Livestock Assessment.............................................................................................................8 3.1.3. Market Performance .............................................................................................................................8 3.1.4. Socio-Economic Conditions ..................................................................................................................9 3.1.5. Anthropometric Measurements..............................................................................................................9 IV. AMHARA REGIONAL STATE......................................................................................................................9
    [Show full text]
  • Ethiopia-Kenya
    THE FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF KENYA REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIAN ELECTRIC POWER KENYA ELECTRICITY TRANSMISSION COMPANY LIMITED CORPORATION (EEPCo) ETHIOPIA-KENYA POWER SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION PROJECT REVISION OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN STUDIES RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) FINAL REPORT PART 1: ETHIOPIA JANUARY 2012 Tropics Consulting Engineers Plc Gamma Systems Ltd P.O.Box 351 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia P O Box 1033 – 00606 TEL 251-11-618 54 66 Fax 251-11-618 38 61 NAIROBI, Kenya Tel: +254 20 44 51 528 e-mail: [email protected] Fax: +254 20 44 51 529 web-site www.tropicsconsultingengineers.com Ethiopian Electric Power Corporation (EEPCo) Ethiopia-Kenya Power Systems Interconnection Project Kenya Electricity Transmission Company Limited Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Final Report General Table of Contents Pages E. Executive Summary ..................................................................................... E-0 1 Introduction .................................................................................................. 1-1 2. Description of the project, project area and area of influence ...................... 2-1 3 Potential Impacts ......................................................................................... 3-1 4. Organizational Responsibility ....................................................................... 4-1 5 Community Participation .............................................................................. 5-1 6 Integration with host communities
    [Show full text]
  • Survey on Apple Production and Variety Identification in Chencha District of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia
    J. Agric. Food. Tech. , 4(5)7-15, 2014 ISSN 2090 – 424X Journal of Agriculture and © 2014, TextRoad Publication Food Technology www.textroad.com Survey on Apple Production and Variety Identification in Chencha District of Gamo Gofa Zone, Southern Ethiopia Seifu Fetena 1, Sabura Shara 2, Agena Anjulo 3, Guchie Gulie 4, FantahunWoldesenbet 5 and Belete Yilma 6 1,2 Arba Minch University, Department of Horticulture, P.O.Box 21 Arba Minch, Ethiopia. 3Arba Minch University, Department of Plant Science, P.O.Box 21 Arba Minch, Ethiopia 4Arba Minch University, Department of Water Resource and Irrigation Engineering, P.O.Box 21 Arba Minch, Ethiopia 5Arba Minch University, Department of Biology, P.O.Box 21 Arba Minch, Ethiopia 6Arba Minch University, Department of Chemistry, P.O.Box 21 Arba Minch, Ethiopia Received: August 13, 2014 Accepted: October 10, 2014 ABSTRACT Apple ( Malus domestica ) is one of the most important temperate fruits grown in the highland climates of Ethiopia by virtue of high altitude. Chencha district in the Southern region hosted the first apple trees introduced to Ethiopia and grown for a long time; however, the achievements from apple production so far remained minimal. There is inadequate information on productivity and variety identification. Therefore, a survey on productivity and variety identification of introduced apple trees in Chencha district of Gamo Gofa Zone was carried out in 2013/14 cropping season. The study was aimed to assess status of apple production and productivity, investigate apple tree management practices carried out by the growers and identify apple varieties and rootstocks. A total of 181 randomly selected respondents were interviewed using semi-structured questionnaire from nine administrative units (kebeles).
    [Show full text]
  • The Paradigm of Fuelwood Consumption Around National Parks and Its Implication for National Policies: the Case of Nech Sar National Park, Ethiopia
    Open Access Library Journal 2017, Volume 4, e3385 ISSN Online: 2333-9721 ISSN Print: 2333-9705 The Paradigm of Fuelwood Consumption around National Parks and Its Implication for National Policies: The Case of Nech Sar National Park, Ethiopia Molla Mekonnen Alemu University of Leicester, Leicester, UK How to cite this paper: Alemu, M.M. (2017) Abstract The Paradigm of Fuelwood Consumption around National Parks and Its Implication Forests are vital land resources as they provide some of the essential goods for National Policies: The Case of Nech Sar and services for the sustenance of human life. In many developing countries, National Park, Ethiopia. Open Access Li- local communities still rely on forests as their prime source of energy in the brary Journal, 4: e3385. https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1103385 form of fuel wood and charcoal. This phenomenon has also let many men and women to rely on fuelwood collection and charcoal making as their main stay Received: December 28, 2016 of livelihoods. In line with this, in many instances, forests of National Parks Accepted: January 22, 2017 are still going through illegal and immense deforestation actions as a result of Published: February 6, 2017 the energy demand by the local communities. Nech Sar National Park, a jewel Copyright © 2017 by author and Open in the Rift Valley region of Ethiopia is also being affected by deforestation as it Access Library Inc. shares an immediate border with the city of Arba Minch, one of the heavily This work is licensed under the Creative populated cities in the southern part of the country and heavily relies on the Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0).
    [Show full text]
  • Plant Species and Functional Diversity Along Altitudinal Gradients, Southwest Ethiopian Highlands
    Plant Species and Functional Diversity along Altitudinal Gradients, Southwest Ethiopian Highlands Dissertation Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Dr. rer. nat. Vorgelegt der Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften der Universität Bayreuth von Herrn Desalegn Wana Dalacho geb. am 08. 08. 1973, Äthiopien Bayreuth, den 27. October 2009 Die vorliegende Arbeit wurde in dem Zeitraum von April 2006 bis October 2009 an der Universität Bayreuth unter der Leitung von Professor Dr. Carl Beierkuhnlein erstellt. Vollständiger Abdruck der von der Fakultät für Biologie, Chemie und Geowissenschaften der Universität Bayreuth zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Naturwissenschaften genehmigten Dissertation. Prüfungsausschuss 1. Prof. Dr. Carl Beierkuhnlein (1. Gutachter) 2. Prof. Dr. Sigrid Liede-Schumann (2. Gutachter) 3. PD. Dr. Gregor Aas (Vorsitz) 4. Prof. Dr. Ludwig Zöller 5. Prof. Dr. Björn Reineking Datum der Einreichung der Dissertation: 27. 10. 2009 Datum des wissenschaftlichen Kolloquiums: 21. 12. 2009 Contents Summary 1 Zusammenfassung 3 Introduction 5 Drivers of Diversity Patterns 5 Deconstruction of Diversity Patterns 9 Threats of Biodiversity Loss in the Ttropics 10 Objectives, Research Questions and Hypotheses 12 Synopsis 15 Thesis Outline 15 Synthesis and Conclusions 17 References 21 Acknowledgments 27 List of Manuscripts and Specification of Own Contribution 30 Manuscript 1 Plant Species and Growth Form Richness along Altitudinal Gradients in the Southwest Ethiopian Highlands 32 Manuscript 2 The Relative Abundance of Plant Functional Types along Environmental Gradients in the Southwest Ethiopian highlands 54 Manuscript 3 Land Use/Land Cover Change in the Southwestern Ethiopian Highlands 84 Manuscript 4 Climate Warming and Tropical Plant Species – Consequences of a Potential Upslope Shift of Isotherms in Southern Ethiopia 102 List of Publications 135 Declaration/Erklärung 136 Summary Summary Understanding how biodiversity is organized across space and time has long been a central focus of ecologists and biogeographers.
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparison Regarding the Physico- Chemical Variables and Zooplankton Community Characteristics of Two Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes: Lake Chamo and Lake Abaya
    FACULTY OF SCIENCE A comparison regarding the physico- chemical variables and zooplankton community characteristics of two Ethiopian Rift Valley Lakes: Lake Chamo and Lake Abaya Arne DERIEMAECKER Supervisor: Prof. L. De Meester Thesis presented in fulfillment of the requirements Co-supervisor: P. Lemmens for the degree of Master of Science Mentor: F. Eshetu Teferra in Biology Academic year 2012-2013 © Copyright by KU Leuven Without written permission of the promotors and the authors it is forbidden to reproduce or adapt in any form or by any means any part of this publication. Requests for obtaining the right to reproduce or utilize parts of this publication should be addressed to KU Leuven, Faculteit Wetenschappen, Geel Huis, Kasteelpark Arenberg 11 bus 2100, 3001 Leuven (Heverlee), Telephone +32 16 32 14 01. A written permission of the promotor is also required to use the methods, products, schematics and programs described in this work for industrial or commercial use, and for submitting this publication in scientific contests. I Acknowledgements I am in large debt of gratitude to Fassil Eshetu Teferra as he let me participate in his doctorate study. In all sorts of circumstances, he remained calm and kind, and when I had questions, he was always there to answer them. In addition, he and his family were very hospitable and they taught me a lot about Ethiopian culture. The second person I want to express my appreciation for is my supervisor Pieter Lemmens. His experience was a great help during the sampling campaign and he was very patient with me. I am also very grateful to the people of Arba Minch who helped us during our sampling campaign, without their help the campaign would have been less fun and we might not have finished it before the start of the rain season (Tariku Anjamo, Communist Asemamawe, Selamnesh Tesfaye and Sebla).
    [Show full text]
  • Resettlement and Local Livelihoods in Nechsar National Park, Southern Ethiopia
    Resettlement and Local Livelihoods in Nechsar National Park, Southern Ethiopia Abiyot Negera Biressu Thesis Submitted for the Degree: Master of Philosophy in Indigenous Studies Faculty of Social Science, University of Tromsø Norway, Spring 2009 Resettlement and Local Livelihoods in Nechsar National Park, Southern Ethiopia By: Abiyot Negera Biressu Thesis Submitted for the Degree: Master of Philosophy in Indigenous Studies Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Tromsø Norway Tromso, Spring 2009 Acknowledgement I would like to thank people and institutions that provided me with the necessary support for my education in Tromsø and during the production of this thesis. I am very much thankful to the Norwegian State Educational Loan Fund (Lånnekassen) for financing my education here at the University of Tromsø. My gratitude also goes to Center for Sámi Studies for financing my fieldwork. I would like to say, thank you, to my supervisor Ivar Bjørklund (Associate Professor) for his comments during the writing of this thesis. My friends (Ashenafi, Eba and Tariku), whose encouraging words are always a click away from me, also deserve special thanks. I am also indebted to my informants and Nechsar National Park Administration for their cooperation during the field work. i Table of Contents Acknowledgement…………………………………………………………………………………………...i Acronyms……………………………………………………………………………………………………v List of Maps………………………………………………………………...………………………………vi Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………………….vii Chapter One: Introduction…………………………………………………………………………...........1 1.1. Introduction to the Place and People of Study Area…………………………………………………….1 1.2. Research Frame………………………………………………………………………………………….2 1.3. Objective and Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………...5 1.4. Methodology…………………………………………………………………………………………….5 1.4.1. From Park Management to Guji Community…………………………………………………………5 1.4.2. Oral Interview…………………………………………………………………………………………7 1.4.3.
    [Show full text]