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Soil Conservation Practices and Its Contribution to Food Security in Chencha Woreda Snnp, Ethiopia

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Soil Conservation Practices and Its Contribution to Food Security in Chencha Woreda Snnp, Ethiopia SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY IN CHENCHA WOREDA SNNP, ETHIOPIA A THESIS SUBMITTED TO ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLAGE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES CENTER FOR FOOD SECURITY BY ABDI HASSEN ESSA ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY Addis Ababa October, 2019 ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF DEVELOPMENT STUDIES CENTER FOR FOOD SECURITY STUDIES SOIL CONSERVATION PRACTICES AND ITS CONTRIBUTION TO FOOD SECURITY IN CHENCHA WOREDA, SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA BY ABDI HASSEN THESIS ADVISCER AMARE BANTIDER (PHD) A THESIS SUBMITTED TO CENTER FOR FOOD SECURITY STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENT FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF SCIENCE (MSC) IN FOOD SECURITY AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES Addis Ababa, Ethiopia October, 2019 Declaration I Abdi Hassen Essa, hereby declare that the thesis entitled: “Soil Conservation Practice and its Implication to Food Security in Chencha Woreda, Ethiopia”, A Thesis submitted to the award of the Degree of Master of Science (Msc) in Food Security and Development Studies at Addis Ababa University, is a product of my original work and it hasn’t been presented for the award of any other Degree, Diploma, Fellowship of any other university or institution. This work has also accredited the views of the research participants. To the best of my knowledge, I have fully acknowledged the materials and pieces of information used in the study. Name: Abdi Hassen Essa Signature Addis Ababa University College of Development Studies Center for Food Security Studies This is to certify that this thesis entitled: “Soil Conservation Practice and its Implication to Food Security in Chencha Woreda, Ethiopia’’, prepared by Abdi Hassen and submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of degree of Master of Science (Msc) in Food Security and Development Studies complies with the regulation of the University and meets the accepted standards with respect to originality and quality. Approved By Boards of Advisor and Examiners Advisor Signature Date Internal Examiner Signature Date External Examiner Signature Dat ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Above all I thank the LORD ALAH for giving me the strength to start and go through with my studies. I would particularly like to extend my heartfelt thanks and appreciation to my adviser Dr. Amare Bantider for his fallow up, devotion of his precious time, valuable suggestions, and constructive comments and systematic guidance to improve the content of this paper. He also deserves my utmost gratitude for his encouragement, and on time responses. My sincere thanks go to Chencha woreda Agriculture staff and Ministry of Agriculture for their giving relevant data. Enumerators Chisha, Adimasu and werkaferaw are also acknowledged for their efforts to get reliable information in time of interviewing farmers. I would like to extend my appreciation for all interviewed farmers for their giving me time and permission to observe their plots. I am most deeply grateful to my friend, Melisew Assefa and Musbah Kedir for helping me strive towards the realization of my potentials, initiation, encouragement and moral support. Finally, I would like to express my gratitude to friends who were directly or indirectly involved to add their efforts, encouragement and moral support for the accomplishment of this study. i Table of Contents Contents page ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i Acronyms and Abbreviations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi Abstract ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii 1. INTRODUCTION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1 1.1. Background -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem --------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 1.3. Objectives of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 1.3.1. Main objective---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.3.2. Specific objectives ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.4. Research Question------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5 1.5. Significance of the Study ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 1.6. Scope of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 6 1.7. Limitation of the Study ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 7 1.8. Organization of the Study--------------------------------------------------------------------- 7 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2.1. Overview of soil erosion ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 8 2.2. Causes of Soil Erosion ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9 2.3. Types of Soil Conservation Practices ------------------------------------------------------ 10 2.3.1. Physical soil conservation measures ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11 2.3.2. Biological soil conservation measures ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 2.4. Factor Affecting Adoption of Soil Conservation Methods ----------------------------- 13 2.5. Soil Conservation Efforts in Ethiopia------------------------------------------------------ 16 2.6. Household Food Security -------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 2.6.1. Food Security Concept ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 18 2.6.2. Food Insecurity ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 2.6.3. Global Food Security Situation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 20 2.7. Food Security and Soil Conservation Management ------------------------------------- 21 2.8. Conceptual Framework ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 3. MATERIAL AND METHODS -------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 3.1. Description of the Study Area --------------------------------------------------------------- 28 ii 3.1.1. Geographical Location ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 3.1.2. Population of the Study Area --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 28 3.1.3. Topography and climate of the Study Area----------------------------------------------------------------- 29 3.1.4. Land Use Systems and Coverage of the Study Area ------------------------------------------------------ 29 3.1.5. Livelihood Zone------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 29 3.2. Research Method ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 31 3.2.1. Research Design ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 3.2.2. Data sources ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 3.2.3. Sampling Techniques ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 32 3.2.4. Sampling Size Determination -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 3.2.5. Methods of Data collection ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 3.2.6. Method of Data Analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 4.1. Descriptive analysis --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 37 4.1.1. Descriptive analysis of soil conservation Practices on farmland in the study area -------------------- 37 4.1.2. Chi-square test for soil conservation practices ------------------------------------------------------------- 40 4.1.3. T - Test distribution of household heads characteristics and adoption of soil conservation practices 42 4.1.4. Chi-square distribution of household heads in terms of adoption status -------------------------------- 44 4.1.5. Food security status and adoption of SC technology of the households -------------------------------- 47 4.1.6. Descriptive statistics for socioeconomic variables and food security in the study -------------------- 48 4.1.7. Coping strategies used by farmers to overcome food shortages ----------------------------------------- 56 4.2. Econometric Analysis ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57 4.2.1. Logistic regression analysis of the food security ---------------------------------------------------------- 57 5. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION -------------------------------------------------- 62 5.1. Summary and Conclusion ------------------------------------------------------------------- 62 5.2. Recommendation ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 64 6. REFERENCE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65 7. APPENDIX - 1 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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