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Summary 1 of 26 "RATIONALISM, PLURALISM, AND THE HISTORY OF LIBERAL IDEAS" (May, 2016)" A DISCUSSION HELD IN MAY, 2016. Online: <http://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/lm-levy> Ebooks: <http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/titles/2724>. Summary Jacob T. Levy, the Tomlinson Professor of Political Theory at McGill University, argues in his recent book, Rationalism, Pluralism, and Freedom (OUP 2014), that there is a deep and recurring tension within liberal theories of freedom, between on the one hand a family of views concerned with the risk of tyranny posed by the modern, centralized and centralizing, Weberian state, and on the other a family of views that see the graver threats to liberty as arising from customary, local, religious, traditional, and decentralized authority. He describes these views as “competing liberal social theories of power” and explores their deep origins within the classical liberal tradition which goes back several centuries. Levy believes that the tradition known as “ancient constitutionalism” has been unjustly neglected my modern classical liberals and he attempts to resurrect aspects of it to make modern classical liberal theory more robust. He is joined in this month’s discussion by Gary Chartier, Professor of Law and Business Ethics at La Sierra University in Riverside, California; Jeremy Jennings, Professor of Political Theory at King's College London; and Chandran Kukathas, the Chair in Political Theory at the London School of Economics. 1 of 26 About Liberty Matters and the Online Library of Liberty “Liberty Matters” is a project of Liberty Fund, Inc. which is part of the Online Library of Liberty website. Every two months we ask a leading scholar to present an argument on a particular topic “pertaining to liberty” in a “Lead Essay” and to develop this argument at some length. The “Lead Essay” is posted in the first week of the month. Three or four other scholars will respond to this essay in slightly shorter “Response Essays” during the second week of the month. Once all these ideas and arguments are on the table an open discussion between the various parties takes place over the course of the following weeks. At the end of the month the online discussion is closed. We plan to have discussions about some of the most important online resources which can be found of the Online Library of Liberty website. We will link to these resources wherever possible from the essays and responses of our discussants so our reader can find out more about the topic under discussion. The complete collection of Liberty Matters can be found here <http://oll.libertyfund.org/pages/liberty-matters>. EBook versions of these discussions in PDF, ePub, and Kindle formats can be found at <http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/2516>. Copyright & Fair Use Statement "Liberty Matters" is the copyright of Liberty Fund, Inc. This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. These essays and responses may be quoted and otherwise used under "fair use" provisions for educational and academic purposes. To reprint these essays in course booklets requires the prior permission of Liberty Fund, Inc. Please contact the OLL Editor if you have any questions. About the Online Library of Liberty and Liberty Fund The Online Library of Liberty is a project of Liberty Fund, Inc., a private educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. The OLL website has a large collection of books and study guides about individual liberty, limited constitutional government, the free market, and peace. Liberty Fund: <www.libertyfund.org>. OLL: <oll.libertyfund.org>. The Debate Lead Essay: Jacob T. Levy, "Rationalism, Pluralism, and the History of Liberal Ideas" [Posted: May 2, 2016] Responses and Critiques 1. Gary Chartier, "One and a Half Cheers for Pluralism" [Posted: May 4, 2016] 2. David M. Hart, "Pluralism May or May Not Advance Liberty" [Posted: May 9, 2016] 3. Chandran Kukathas, "Liberal Theory’s Essential Tension: On Jacob Levy on Rationalism, Pluralism and Freedom" [Posted: May 11, 2016] 4. Jeremy Jennings, "A Response to Levy" [Posted: May 16, 2016] The Conversation 1. Jacob T. Levy, "Pluralism against a Backdrop of the Weberian State: A Rejoinder" [Posted: May 23, 2016] 2. Jacob T. Levy, "Response to Kukathas and Jennings" [Posted: May 24, 2016] 3. David M. Hart, "Men of System, Busybodies, and Predators" [Posted: May 25, 2016] 4. Gary Chartier, "Levy on the Varieties of Association" [Posted: May 26, 2016] 5. Jacob T. Levy, "Competition and Cartelization" [Posted: May 30, 2016] 6. David M. Hart, "Ends vs. Means, or Muddling Through" [Posted: May 30, 2016] 7. Gary Chartier "Vertical and Horizontal Competition" [Posted: May 30, 2016] 8. David M. Hart, "Applying the Levy Method to Other Traditions of Thought" [Posted: May 31, 2016] 9. Gary Chartier, "Wrestling with Levy’s Questions" [Posted: May 31, 2016] 10. Jeremy Jennings, "Liberal Pluralism and Ideological Instability" [Posted: June 1, 2016] About the Authors Jacob T. Levy is Tomlinson Professor of Political Theory, professor of political science, and associated faculty in the department of 2 of 26 philosophy at McGill University. He is the coordinator of McGill’s Research Group on Constitutional Studies and Montreal’s Groupe de Recherche Interuniversitaire en Philosophie Politique, and the founding director of McGill’s Yan P. Lin Centre for the Study of Freedom and Global Orders in the Ancient and Modern Worlds. He was previously assistant professor of Political Science and the College at the University of Chicago. He is the author of The Multiculturalism of Fear (Oxford 2000) and Rationalism, Pluralism, and Freedom (Oxford 2014), and editor or coeditor of Colonialism and Its Legacies (with Iris Marion Young), Nomos LV: Federalism and Subsidiarity (with James Fleming), and the forthcoming Oxford Handbook of Classics in Contemporary Political Theory. He holds a B.A. in political science from Brown University, an M.A. and Ph.D. in politics from Princeton University, and an LL.M. from the University of Chicago Law School. He blogs at Bleeding Heart Libertarians <http://bleedingheartlibertarians.com/>, is an adjunct scholar at the Cato Institute, and is a member of the Advisory Board of the Niskanen Center. Gary Chartier is an American legal scholar who currently serves as Distinguished Professor of Law and Business Ethics and Associate Dean of the Tom and Vi Zapara School of Business at La Sierra University in Riverside, California. He is the author, editor, or coeditor of 10 books, including Public Practice, Private Law (Cambridge, 2016), Anarchy and Legal Order (Cambridge, 2013), Radicalizing Rawls (Palgrave, 2014), and Economic Justice and Natural Law (Cambridge, 2009). A proud southern California native who wishes he had attended UC Sunnydale, he received a BA (magna cum laude, 1987) in history and political science from La Sierra before proceeding to the University of Cambridge, where he studied ethics, the philosophy of religion, theology, Christian origins, and political philosophy and earned a PhD (1991) with a dissertation on the idea of friendship. He studied legal philosophy and public law at the UCLA School of Law (JD, 2001, Order of the Coif). The University of Cambridge presented him with an earned LLD in 2015 for his work in legal theory. Jeremy Jennings is an English political theorist and Professor of Political Theory at King's College London. He received his doctorate from the University of Oxford, and then taught at the University of Swansea (1979-1995), the University of Birmingham (1995-2005), and Queen Mary University of London (2005-2013). He served as Head of Department in Birmingham and at Queen Mary, was Vincent Wright Professor at the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques in Paris in 2006 and was also a visiting fellow at the University of Columbia Research Centre in Paris. Jeremy holds a visiting professorship with the Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques. He edited Liberty Fund’s edition of Destutt de Tracy's Treatise on Political Economy (2011), edited with Aurelian Craiutu a volume of Alexis de Tocqueville's writings on America after 1840 (CUP, 2009), and Revolution and the Republic: A History of Political Thought in France since the Eighteenth Century (2011). Chandran Kukathas has the Chair in Political Theory and Head of Department at the London School of Economics. He completed his BA in History and Political Science at the Australian National University and his MA in Politics at the University of New South Wales before going on to a DPhil in Politics at Oxford University. He has taught at the Royal Military College, Canberra; Oxford; the Australian National University; the University of New South Wales at the Australian Defence Force Academy; and the University of Utah, where he held the Neal Maxwell Chair in Political Theory in the Department of Political Science. He is the author of The Liberal Archipelago: A Theory of Diversity and Freedom (Oxford University Press, 2003). David M. Hart received a Ph.D. in history from King's College, Cambridge on the work of two French classical liberals of the early 19th century, Charles Comte and Charles Dunoyer. He then taught for 15 years in the Department of History at the University of Adelaide in South Australia before joining the Liberty Fund as Director of the Online Library of Liberty Project in 2001. He is currently the Academic Editor of Liberty Fund's six volume translation of the Collected Works of Frédéric Bastiat. He is also editing for Liberty Fund a translation of Molinari's Conversations on Saint Lazarus Street: Discussions on Economic Laws and the Defence of Property (1849). Recent works include co-editing with Robert Leroux two anthologies of 19th century French classical liberal thought: French Liberalism in the 19th Century: An Anthology (London and New York: Routledge, 2011) and in French, L'Âge d'or du libéralisme français.
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