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United States V. Noriega</Em>
University of Miami Law School Institutional Repository University of Miami Inter-American Law Review 4-1-1989 An Inquiry Regarding the International and Domestic Legal Problems Presented in United States v. Noriega Mark Andrew Sherman Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.law.miami.edu/umialr Part of the Jurisdiction Commons Recommended Citation Mark Andrew Sherman, An Inquiry Regarding the International and Domestic Legal Problems Presented in United States v. Noriega, 20 U. Miami Inter-Am. L. Rev. 393 (1989) Available at: http://repository.law.miami.edu/umialr/vol20/iss2/5 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by Institutional Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in University of Miami Inter- American Law Review by an authorized administrator of Institutional Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. COMMENTS AN INQUIRY REGARDING THE INTERNATIONAL AND DOMESTIC LEGAL PROBLEMS PRESENTED IN UNITED STATES v. NORIEGA I. INTRODUCTION On February 4, 1988 General Manuel Antonio Noriega, Com- mander-in-Chief of the Panama Defense Forces (PDF) and de facto leader of Panama,' was indicted by United States grand ju- ries in Miami and Tampa, Florida. The twelve-count Miami indict- ment' charged that General Noriega, as a "principal,"' had vio- lated the Travel Act,4 participated in a racketeering enterprise (RICO),5 and conspired to import, distribute and/or manufacture cocaine for sale in the United States.6 The three-count Tampa in- 1. See infra note 99 and accompanying text. 2. United States v. Noriega, No. 88-0079CR (S.D. Fla. filed Feb. -
Panama's Dollarized Economy Mainly Depends on a Well-Developed Services Sector That Accounts for 80 Percent of GDP
LATIN AMERICAN SOCIO-RELIGIOUS STUDIES PROGRAM - PROGRAMA LATINOAMERICANO DE ESTUDIOS SOCIORRELIGIOSOS (PROLADES) ENCYCLOPEDIA OF RELIGIOUS GROUPS IN LATIN AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN: RELIGION IN PANAMA SECOND EDITION By Clifton L. Holland, Director of PROLADES Last revised on 3 November 2020 PROLADES Apartado 86-5000, Liberia, Guanacaste, Costa Rica Telephone (506) 8820-7023; E-Mail: [email protected] Internet: http://www.prolades.com/ ©2020 Clifton L. Holland, PROLADES 2 CONTENTS Country Summary 5 Status of Religious Affiliation 6 Overview of Panama’s Social and Political Development 7 The Roman Catholic Church 12 The Protestant Movement 17 Other Religions 67 Non-Religious Population 79 Sources 81 3 4 Religion in Panama Country Summary Although the Republic of Panama, which is about the size of South Carolina, is now considered part of the Central American region, until 1903 the territory was a province of Colombia. The Republic of Panama forms the narrowest part of the isthmus and is located between Costa Rica to the west and Colombia to the east. The Caribbean Sea borders the northern coast of Panama, and the Pacific Ocean borders the southern coast. Panama City is the nation’s capital and its largest city with an urban population of 880,691 in 2010, with over 1.5 million in the metropolitan area. The city is located at the Pacific entrance of the Panama Canal , and is the political and administrative center of the country, as well as a hub for banking and commerce. The country has an area of 30,193 square miles (75,417 sq km) and a population of 3,661,868 (2013 census) distributed among 10 provinces (see map below). -
IN the AFTERMATH of WAR US Support for Reconstruction and Nation-Building in Panama Following JUST CAUS
IN THE AFTERMATH OF WAR US Support for Reconstruction and Nation-Building in Panama Following JUST CAUS o ~or~ Tao Atlantic Ocean ,`. ~ ° " ,. Lake r uamn lapo v ~ ~ Gollo de los take Canes 1\ Bapno"` Mosquitos 3 e n 0 ~ a * P9nvrn9 rr {" "~ Q Pun o ae arara Toro 0 G 8 Bey of Panama o\ n EIValla ~i .. rar.Co~radc;r . La c4Pobn ~~Psnonoml `\~~ '~\\~'"s David g u a s Padiiga C fl 1 r I (~ U I ~ACriiP E~aau Pat.\ In!eaamencan n [)E LAS PERLAS 9h,yar Sar.r ~. a °. aviza _ - h Santiago Ch. 2J "~, eP ? Gulf of Panama Dar* e n ^ ~ f Herrero J " ~TaClaa \ L r V Santo S\11 Lckiantoa ~CoiDa ,1 ~w"~ J \__ Pacific Ocean Richard H. Shultz, Jr. ISBN 1-58566-058-2 First Printing August 1993 5 Second Printing May 1996 Third Printing June 1998 Fourth Printing December 2000 Disclaimer This publication was produced in the Department of Defense school environment in the interest of academic freedom and the advancement of national defense-related concepts. The views ex- pressed in this publication are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the UnitedStates government. This publication has been reviewed by security and policy review authorities and is cleared for public release. Contents Chapter Page DISCLAIMER . ii FOREWORD . v ABOUT THE AUTHOR . Vii PREFACE . ix INTRODUCTION . xi Notes . xiv 1 THE USE OF FORCE IN THE AFTERMATH OF THE COLD WAR . 1 Notes . 3 2 PANAMA 1989: THE NATURE AND CONSEQUENCES OF PRAETORIAN RULE . -
COMISIONES LEGISLATIVAS. Historia Y Actualidad.Indd
COMISIONES LEGISLATIVAS Historia y Actualidad JAIME FORD GONZÁLEZ 2007 © 2007 Jaime Ford González ISBN: 978-9962-00-170-6 Colaboradores Damaris Rodríguez-Investigación Marta I. Espino Saavedra y Celia Reyes Sanjur-Corrección y Estilo Enrique Delgado-Asesoría de impresión Rolando Sempruno-Portada Jaime Beitia, Estela Koyner, Agapito González-Verifi cación Impreso en los Talleres de la Imprenta de la Asamblea Nacional Primera Edición 2007 DIRECTIVA EN EL AÑO DEL CENTENARIO Susana Richa de Torrijos Elías A. Castillo G. Jorge E. Alvarado Real Primera Vicepresidenta Presidente Segundo Vicepresidente SECRETARIOS José Ismael Herrera Carlos José Smith S. José Dídimo Escobar Subsecretario General Secretario General Subsecretario General COMISIÓN DEL CENTENARIO DE LA ASAMBLEA NACIONAL H.D. Susana Richa de Torrijos Presidenta H.D. Dorindo Cortez H.D. Alcibíades Vásquez Velásquez H.D.S. Maruja Moreno Lic. Carlos José Smith S. Lic. Boris Moreno Mgter. Jaime Ford González DEDICATORIA Para quienes construyen un nuevo país al servicio de la democracia participativa y del bien común. La riqueza, al igual que la ley, no sirve si no está al servicio de todos los hombres Pag. Prólogo............................................................................................................ 11 Introducción..................................................................................................... 13 1. Origen y evolución del Parlamento................................................................. 17 1.1 El nombre Parlamento.......................................................................... -
ARCHIGOS a Data Set on Leaders 1875–2004 Version
ARCHIGOS A Data Set on Leaders 1875–2004 Version 2.9∗ c H. E. Goemans Kristian Skrede Gleditsch Giacomo Chiozza August 13, 2009 ∗We sincerely thank several users and commenters who have spotted errors or mistakes. In particular we would like to thank Kirk Bowman, Jinhee Choung, Ursula E. Daxecker, Tanisha Fazal, Kimuli Kasara, Brett Ashley Leeds, Nicolay Marinov, Won-Ho Park, Stuart A. Reid, Martin Steinwand and Ronald Suny. Contents 1 Codebook 1 2 CASE DESCRIPTIONS 5 2.1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ................... 5 2.2 CANADA .................................. 7 2.3 BAHAMAS ................................. 9 2.4 CUBA .................................... 10 2.5 HAITI .................................... 14 2.6 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC ....................... 38 2.7 JAMAICA .................................. 79 2.8 TRINIDAD & TOBAGO ......................... 80 2.9 BARBADOS ................................ 81 2.10 MEXICO ................................... 82 2.11 BELIZE ................................... 85 2.12 GUATEMALA ............................... 86 2.13 HONDURAS ................................ 104 2.14 EL SALVADOR .............................. 126 2.15 NICARAGUA ............................... 149 2.16 COSTA RICA ............................... 173 2.17 PANAMA .................................. 194 2.18 COLOMBIA ................................. 203 2.19 VENEZUELA ................................ 209 2.20 GUYANA .................................. 218 2.21 SURINAM ................................. 219 2.22 ECUADOR ................................ -
LOTERÍA PUBLICACIÓN CULTURAL LOTERÍA Noviembre/Diciembre - 2016 Edición No
Revista Cultural LOTERÍA PUBLICACIÓN CULTURAL LOTERÍA Noviembre/Diciembre - 2016 Edición No. 529 Edición No. 529 Revista Cultural Lotería Noviembre / Diciembre 2016 / Diciembre Edición No. 529 Revista Cultural Lotería Noviembre VISIÓN Y MISIÓN DE LA LOTERÍA NACIONAL DE BENEFICENCIA VISIÓN Una Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia Moderna y Competitiva que contribuya en forma creciente al desarrollo del país y a la solución de los problemas de los más necesitados. MISIÓN Construir una Institución con presencia en cada comunidad que consolide la confianza y la transparencia de nuestra oferta, ganando a cada panameño como cliente. Nº 529 / Noviembre - Diciembre 2016 Junta Directiva: Por la Administración: Presidente Director General de la Junta Directiva de la Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia Lic. Dulcidio De La Guardia Efraín Medina Ministro de Economía y Finanzas Secretario General Representante del Mgter. Gabriel Sánchez Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Lic. Publio Ricardo Cortés C. Director de Desarrollo Social y Cultural Director General de Ingresos Lic. Diego J. Duclias V. Representante Consejo Editorial: del Ministerio de Gobierno Dra. Marisín Villalaz de Arias Lic. Milton Henríquez Mgter. Denis Chávez Ministro de Gobierno Sr. Ernesto Endara Prof. Rommel Escarreola Representante Dr. Eduardo Flores de la Contraloría General de la República Dr. Alberto Moreno Lic. Federico Humbert Lic. Juan Antonio Tejada Mora Contralor General Licda. Betsy Joan Sempruno Representante Correctora del Sindicato de Billeteros de Panamá Profa. Cila Barría Sr. Ceferino Acevedo Representante de los Compradores de Billetes de Panamá Sr. Alberto Barranco Sr. Raúl Ávila Por la Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia Efraín Medina Director General Por la Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia Mgter. Gabriel Sánchez Secretario General I. -
Front Matter
Panama’s Canal What Happens When the United States Gives a Small Country What It Wants Mark Falcoff The AEI Press Publisher for the American Enterprise Institute WASHINGTON, D.C. 1998 Available in the United States from the AEI Press, c/o Publisher Re- sources Inc., 1224 Heil Quaker Blvd., P.O. Box 7001, La Vergne, TN 37086-7001. To order: 1-800-269-6267. Distributed outside the United States by arrangement with Eurospan, 3 Henrietta Street, London WC2E 8LU England. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Falcoff, Mark. Panama’s Canal : what happens when the United States gives a small coun- try what it wants / Mark Falcoff. p. cm. Includes bibliographic references and index. ISBN 0-8447-4030-6 (alk. paper). — ISBN 0-8447-4031-4 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Panama Canal (Panama)—Politics and government. 2. Panama Canal Treaties (1977) 3. Panama—Politics and government—1981– 4. Panama— Social conditions. 5. Panama—Foreign relations—United States. 6. United States—Foreign relations—United States. I. Title. F1569.C2F35 1998 327.7307287—dc21 98-14395 CIP 13579108642 © 1998 by the American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research, Wash- ington, D.C. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be used or repro- duced in any manner whatsoever without permission in writing from the Ameri- can Enterprise Institute except in cases of brief quotations embodied in news articles, critical articles, or reviews. The views expressed in the publications of the American Enterprise Institute are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the staff, advisory panels, officers, or trustees of AEI. -
Area Handbook Series: Panama: a Country Study
area handbook series lPanama a country study DTIC 1 CO S119tDJU2ELECTE N0 ,. A10100 to pubi, , i4 D~a~ -7ti 3ui~ 6o Panama a country study Federal Research Division Library of Congress Edited by Sandra W. Meditz and Dennis M. Hanratty Research Completed December 1987 F89 7 21 036 On the cover: Cuna Indian mola design of a man gathering coconuts Cr ... CC M A z a C3 Fourth Edition, 1989; First Printing, 1989. Copyright ©1989 United States Government as represented by the Secretary of the Army. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Panama: a country study. (Area handbook series) (DA Pam 550-46) Supt. of Docs. no.: D 101.22:550-46/987 "Research completed December 1987" Bibliography: pp. 295-311. Includes index. 1. Panama. I. Meditz, Sandra W., 1950- II. Hanratty, Dennis M., 1950- . III. Library of Congress. Federal Research Division. IV. Series. V. Series: DA Pam 550-46. F1563.P323 1989 972.87 88-600486 Headquarters, Department of the Army DA Pam 550-46 For salc by lie Supeintendent of Dorurent. I Ii Government Printing Office Wizhington, D.C 20402 Foreword This volume is one in a continuing series of books now being prepared by the Federal Research Division of the Library of Con- gress under the Country Studies---Area Handbook Program. The last page of this book lists the other published studies. Most books in the series deal with a particular foreign country, describing and Lizalyzing its political, economic, social, and national security systems and institutions, and examining the interrelation- ships of those systems and the ways they are shaped by cultural factors. -
14 Gobernantes De Panamá
Gobernantes:Maquetación 1 9/2/12 2:58 PM Página 1 GOBERNANTES DE PANAMÁ Panamá era parte del virreinato del Perú y luego en 1739 fue parte del nuevo virreinato de Nueva Granada. Este virreinato comenzó a independizarse de España desde 1810. Panamá la logró el 28 de noviembre de 1821. Después, en 1840, líderes panameños lograron independizarla de Nueva Granada y se creó el Estado del Istmo bajo la dirección de Tomás Herrera. Sin embargo este estado no pudo mantenerse independiente y en diciembre de 1841 volvió a formar parte de la entonces República de Nueva Granada, que a partir de 1886 se llamó República de Colombia. En 1903, la lucha entre diferentes grupos y una difícil situación en la construcción del Canal de Panamá motivó a los líderes panameños a recibir ayuda de Estados Unidos y así obtuvieron la separación de Colombia el 3 de noviembre de 1903. Demetrio H. Brid asumió el mando por un día mientras se constituyó la Junta Provisional de Gobierno, la cual gobernó del 4 de noviembre de 1903 al 19 de febrero de 1904. Junta Provisional de Gobierno -José Agustín Arango -Tomás Arias -Federico Boyd Tomás Herrera 1840 - 31dic. 1841 Demetrio H. Brid Manuel Amador Guerrero (Estado del Istmo) 3-4 nov. 1903 nov. 1903 - feb. 1904 feb. 1904 - oct. 1908 José Domingo de Obaldía oct. 1908 - oct. 1912 Carlos Antonio Mendoza Federico Boyd Pablo Arosemena (muere mar. 1910) mar. - oct. 1910 1 - 5 oct. 1910 5 oct. 1910 - oct. 1912 Ramón M. Valdés Arce Belisario Porras Barahona oct. 1916 - oct. 1920 Ciro Ruiz Urriola Garrés Pedro Antonio Díaz de Obaldía oct. -
A Case Study of the Panama Canal Authority
UNDERSTANDING THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF SUCCESSFUL STATE-OWNED ENTERPRISE MANAGEMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE PANAMA CANAL AUTHORITY by Benjamin N. Gedan A dissertation submitted to Johns Hopkins University in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Baltimore, Maryland May 2016 Dissertation Abstract: The Panama Canal turnover was not expected to end well. As the U.S. Senate deliberated upon the Panama Canal treaties in 1977, opponents painted a grim portrait of the canal’s future under Panamanian control. They warned of a toxic combination of Panamanian incompetence, malfeasance and greed. A common argument portrayed Panama as a politically unstable tropical backwater. To make matters worse, the threat of Soviet domination loomed. How could a poor country of 3.6 million people operate and maintain a complicated and internationally vital waterway? Very well, it turned out. This dissertation evaluates how Panama exceeded the alarmingly low expectations of its critics. In doing so, it details and analyzes the doomsday projections regarding the December 31, 1999 Panama Canal turnover. The research situates those concerns in the context of academic literature on state-owned enterprise management, and questions whether such profound skepticism was warranted in the case of Panama. To evaluate Panama’s performance operating the canal, the dissertation reviews a range of published material, including independent analyses of Panama’s canal management, as well as internal evaluations. It also provides independent qualitative and quantitative reviews of Panama’s record, including comparisons to the U.S. canal administration, interviews, a survey by the author of executives at multinational shipping companies, and a Panama national public opinion poll by the author. -
Panama: Gen. Noriega on Defensive; House Resolution on U.S
LADB Article Id: 076501 ISSN: 1089-1560 Panama: Gen. Noriega On Defensive; House Resolution On U.S. Position by Deborah Tyroler Category/Department: General Published: Friday, June 26, 1987 According to the WASHINGTON POST (06/24/87), for the first time since assuming his position as commander-in-chief of Panama's Defense Forces in 1983, Gen. Manuel Antonio Noriega was on the defensive last week, seen in his "uncharacteristic recklessness." The general attempted to mobilize support among leftists by accusing US conservatives of fomenting unrest to thwart the process of turning over control of the Panama Canal to the Panamanian government by the year 2000. "But the charge drew only lukewarm support and alienated him from Panama's most influential business and Roman Catholic Church leaders." In the upheaval over the last two weeks, many more Panamanians turned against the government Noriega controls than in the riots of 1984 and 1985. Until recently, the opposition had been limited mostly to right-of-center, middle-class political parties sarcastically labeled rabiblancos, or "white tails," by the largely black working poor. In a 1968 coup, the 20,000-troop Defense Forces seized power. Then, in 1979, widely admired nationalist leader Gen. Omar Torrijos announced a Defense Forces "retreat" to make way for an elected civilian president. Torrijos' popularity reached a high point when he signed the 1977 treaties with Washington to turn over the canal to Panama by the year 2000. Torrijos was killed in a 1981 plane crash. Noriega is suspected of having rigged the May 1984 elections against veteran politician Arnulfo Arias, who would have named a new commander-in-chief. -
Panama a Country Study
[C-0061] area handbook series Panama a country study [1] [2] [3] [4] / Panama a country study Federal Research Division Library of Congress Edited by Sandra W . Meditz and Dennis M. Hanratty Research Completed December 1987 [5] C' ; On the cover : Cuna Indian mota design of a man gathering coconuts Fourth Edition, 1989; First Printin g, 1989. Copyright ~ 1 989 United States Government as represented by the Secretary of the Army. All rights reserved. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Panama: a country study. (Area handbook series) (DA Pam 550-46) Supt. of Docs . no.: D 101.22:550- 46/987 (( Research completed December 1987 " Bibliography: pp. 295-31 1. Includes index. 1. Panama. I. Meditz, Sandra W., 1950- . II. Hanratty, Dennis M., 1950- . III. Library of Congress. Federal R esearch Division. IV. Series. V. Series: DA Pam 550-46. Fl563.P323 1989 972.87 88-600486 Headquarters, Department of the Army DA Pam 550-46 For sale by the Sup<rin<endent of Documents, U.S. Government Prin<ing Office Wa,ltington, D.C. 20+02 [6] / Chapter 4. Government and Politics [7] Cuna Indian mola design of a winged figure [8] IN LATE 1987, PANA.TviA'S political system was unable to respond to the problems confronting the nation. Protests over the role in the government played by the Panama Defense Forces (Fuerzas de Defensa de Panama-FDP) and their commander, General Manuel Antonio Noriega Moreno, had produced economic disruption and the appearance of political instability and had con tributed to serious strains in relations with the United States.