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LOTERÍA PUBLICACIÓN CULTURAL LOTERÍA Noviembre/Diciembre - 2016 Edición No Revista Cultural LOTERÍA PUBLICACIÓN CULTURAL LOTERÍA Noviembre/Diciembre - 2016 Edición No. 529 Edición No. 529 Revista Cultural Lotería Noviembre / Diciembre 2016 / Diciembre Edición No. 529 Revista Cultural Lotería Noviembre VISIÓN Y MISIÓN DE LA LOTERÍA NACIONAL DE BENEFICENCIA VISIÓN Una Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia Moderna y Competitiva que contribuya en forma creciente al desarrollo del país y a la solución de los problemas de los más necesitados. MISIÓN Construir una Institución con presencia en cada comunidad que consolide la confianza y la transparencia de nuestra oferta, ganando a cada panameño como cliente. Nº 529 / Noviembre - Diciembre 2016 Junta Directiva: Por la Administración: Presidente Director General de la Junta Directiva de la Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia Lic. Dulcidio De La Guardia Efraín Medina Ministro de Economía y Finanzas Secretario General Representante del Mgter. Gabriel Sánchez Ministerio de Economía y Finanzas Lic. Publio Ricardo Cortés C. Director de Desarrollo Social y Cultural Director General de Ingresos Lic. Diego J. Duclias V. Representante Consejo Editorial: del Ministerio de Gobierno Dra. Marisín Villalaz de Arias Lic. Milton Henríquez Mgter. Denis Chávez Ministro de Gobierno Sr. Ernesto Endara Prof. Rommel Escarreola Representante Dr. Eduardo Flores de la Contraloría General de la República Dr. Alberto Moreno Lic. Federico Humbert Lic. Juan Antonio Tejada Mora Contralor General Licda. Betsy Joan Sempruno Representante Correctora del Sindicato de Billeteros de Panamá Profa. Cila Barría Sr. Ceferino Acevedo Representante de los Compradores de Billetes de Panamá Sr. Alberto Barranco Sr. Raúl Ávila Por la Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia Efraín Medina Director General Por la Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia Mgter. Gabriel Sánchez Secretario General I. ÍNDICE I. PALABRAS DE PRESENTACIÓN 4 Efraín Medina Director General de la Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia II. CIENCIAS SOCIALES 6 El Dr. Belisario Porras y la Exposición Nacional de 1916: Un Proyecto Liberal (1916 - 2016) Rommel Escarreola Palacios 31 Auge y modernización de la industria azucarera panameña 1950-1981 Reymundo Gurdián Guerra 67 Alocución con motivo de los 175 años de la Gesta Patriótica del Estado del Istmo, llevada a cabo por Tomás Herrera en 1840 Vladimir Berrio-Lemm 82 Conmemoración de los 175 años de la independencia del Estado Independiente del Istmo Temístocles Díaz 87 Conmemoración de los 175 años de la independencia del Istmo de la República de Nueva Granada María Luisa Romero III. MEDICINA CIENCIAS NATURALES EXACTAS Y TECNOLOGÍA 91 Salud mental como instrumento del desarrollo social Eduardo Abel Espino López 99 La fiebre amarilla y el Hospital Ancón Enrique Chaves Carballo IV. COMUNICACIÓN SOCIAL 106 Antecedentes históricos de la cinematografía en Panamá II. V. Joaquín Horna Dolande V. LETRAS 123 "Neco en sus Pantalones" III. VI. José Antonio Ardila Acuña ANIVERSARIO DE LA REVISTA CULTURAL LOTERÍA 132 75 Años de la Revista Cultural Lotería VII. Rommel Escarreola Palacios REVISTA LOTERÍA Nº. 529 3 PRESENTACIÓN DE LA REVISTA Una vez mas, la Revista Cultural Lotería presenta una serie de artículos de interés general que permiten continuar con nuestro objetivo de ofrecerle a nuestros lectores temas de su agrado. Con esa intención, en la sección de Ciencias Sociales, el Prof. Rommel Escarreola Palacios nos deleita con su artículo EI Dr. Belisario Porras y Ia Exposición Nacional de 1916: Un proyecto Liberal (1916-2016), como una respuesta de necesidad histórica e hispanidad llevada a cabo en edificios como el Palacio de Bellas Artes, el edificio de Cuba, el de Instrucción Pública, pabellón de comercio, agricultura y el Español, Es un viaje al pasado que, sin duda, se leerá con avidez. Con su artículo Auge y modernización de la industria azucarera panameña 1950-1981, Raymundo Guardián Guerra analiza los principales rasgos que caracterizan a la industria azucarera panameña durante 31 años; se estudia el proceso de comercialización, el mercado azucarero tanto nacional como internacional y los precios de este producto alimenticio. Continuando con la sección de Ciencias Sociales les presentamos Alocución con motive de los 175 años de Ia Gesta Patriótica del Estado del Istmo, nevada a cabo por Tomas Herrera en 1840, escrito por Vladimir Berrio-Lemm, nos lleva a aquellos días álgidos previos a la separación de Colombia, llenos de traiciones e ideales, en los que se anhelaba la unidad nacional. Luego, Temístocles Díaz presenta Conmemoración de los 175 años de la independencia del Estado Independiente del Istmo. En el se desgrana ese movimiento popular y a ese cabildo en el que se proclama nuestra independencia. En Conmemoración de los 175 años de la Independencia del Istmo de Ia República de Nueva Granada, María Luisa Romero exalta a su prócer General Tomás Herrera por proclamar la primera República denominada Estado Soberano del Istmo el 18 de noviembre de 1840. 4 LOTERÍA NACIONAL DE BENEFICENCIA En la sección de Medicina, Ciencias Naturales y Tecnología, el articulo Salud mental como instrumento de desarrollo social, Eduardo Abel Espino López aclara que el concepto salud engloba no solo la ausencia de enfermedad física, sino un estado de satisfacción emocional. Ante el aumento de malestar sicosocial, plantea la necesidad de diseñar índices de salud mental y social para programas y acciones preventivas. Un tema actual e interesante. La fiebre amarilla y el Hospital Ancón, escrito por Enrique Chaves Carballo, nos muestra aspectos de un hospital que ignoramos la mayoría y de una fiebre bien conocida en Panamá. En comunicación Social presentamos Antecedentes históricos de la cinematografía en Panamá, Joaquín Horna Dolande ha logrado escarbar y sacar par la breve y lánguida historia del cine de Panamá, los titánicos esfuerzos que han hecho profesionales y aficionados por el cine panameño. En Letras, José Antonio Ardilla Acuna y su articulo Neco en sus Pantalones, alaba el humor del escritor Ernesto Endara y su sutil capacidad para insuflarles la gracia can amenidad a sus personajes reales y de ficción, laureado en cuatro generos diferentes par el Concurso Nacional de Literatura Ricardo Miró. Para concluir, Rommel Escarreola Palacios presenta 75 años de la Revista Cultural Lotería, con su discurso en el acto de reconocimiento a la trayectoria literaria en nuestra Revista al Dr. Alfredo Castillero Calvo, Dr. Oscar Vargas y al Dr. Pantaleón García. Efraín Medina Director General Lotería Nacional de Beneficencia REVISTA LOTERÍA Nº. 529 5 II. CIENCIAS SOCIALES EL DR. BELISARIO PORRAS Y LA EXPOSICIÓN NACIONAL DE 1916: UN PROYECTO LIBERAL (1916 – 2016) Por: Rommel Escarreola Palacios Dr. Belisario Porras Barahona, tres veces Presidente de la República de Panamá. Un biógrafo del Dr. Belisario Porras señalaba que todos los proyectos imple- mentados por el estadista tenían un contenido ideológico liberal, tales como el nuevo sentido de la justicia, la administración de la Hacienda, el trazado urbano hacia el interior, la Secretaría de Fomento, la educación y el sentido 6 LOTERÍA NACIONAL DE BENEFICENCIA de la democracia, etc. Para el Dr. Porras, la democracia tradicional conser- vadora tenía una política parasitaria fundamentada en el interés de un grupo selectivo de familias. Por lo tanto, su proyecto presidencial tenía un matiz socializante, no socialista, pero si populista. Así que el proyecto de la Exposición de 1916 se puede enmarcar dentro de un proyecto democrático liberal. No creo que sea prudente copiar los comen- tarios apasionados expuestos en su obra Trozos de Vida, con relación a que la imponencia del Congreso de los Estados Unidos y los Archivos europeos sirvieran de copia de inspiración para construir los Archivos Nacionales. No es prudente pensar en copia. Cabe aquí más bien una inspiración y la retoma de una versión arquitectónica aplicada a un fin ideológico. Lo tomó y lo utilizó a sus intereses partidarios. Es apropiación y pertenencia de un país, partido por la mitad por un Canal que estaba siendo construido por los ingenieros del ejército de los Estados Unidos. Y más que la Exposición Nacional, era el sustento para afirmar que más allá de la Ley 42 de 1912, (1) representa el ideario de celebrar la apertura del Canal y el avistamiento del Mar de Sur. Por consiguiente, el hecho histórico es el punto central para rememorar la conquista del Mar del Sur y su vínculo con el Atlántico que fue la obra de un hispano segundo, advenedizo, sin título nobiliario y no de gringos sajones. El sentido ideológico del Dr. Belisario Porras sería, entonces, la hispanidad como norte, ya que era una obra conjunta y, sin embargo, él tenía su propia aspiración: ofrecer al mundo un país que más que contraído por los Estados Unidos con su Silver Roll y Gold Roll, tenía que destacar la presencia históri- ca de Panamá; pero Porras no podía ir más allá de la simple apelación a la hispanidad. Su objetivo central se enfocaba en que somos hispanos, y si hay duda de ello habría que estudiar su extraordinaria obra: El Orejado (1885) escrita en Colombia, en el periódico Papel Periódico Ilustrado. Los panameños no seríamos los principales actores en el convite de la inau- guración del Canal, sino los Estados Unidos que serían los héroes, mientras que los franceses aparecerían como los fracasados del famoso escándalo de Panamá; pero, curiosamente, el caso del robo fue de los franceses y sus es- peculadores, y no de los panameños. Esto significaba que nuestro gobierno durante la inauguración del Canal sería un invitado más, de segunda clase o bien, un advenedizo donde viviríamos por años al margen de las decisiones que los Estados Unidos ejercerían con su policía y su ejército dentro del co- razòn de la República de Panamá. REVISTA LOTERÍA Nº. 529 7 LOS BARRIOS MARGINALES En el contexto de los acontecimientos políticos y sociales que sucedían en el Istmo de Panamá en aquel entonces, la pregunta que giraba en la mente de los políticos era: ¿Cuál era el mejor sitio para establecer la noble empresa de la Exposición Nacional de 1916? Hubo desde polémicas en la prensa hasta intereses inmobiliarios sobre los terrenos; pero todo el valor de los terrenos se remontaba a la creciente emigración de extranjeros luego del período colonial.
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