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Observed Catches of Groundfish and Selected Bycatch Species Within Critical Habitat of the Steller Sea Lion in the Bering Sea, A

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Observed Catches of Groundfish and Selected Bycatch Species Within Critical Habitat of the Steller Sea Lion in the Bering Sea, A 'g Ë,Fi,lj".science National Marine Fisheries Service U.S. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE AFSC PROCESSED REPORT 93-07 Observed Catches of Groundfish and Selected Bycatch Species Within Critical Habitat of the Steller Sea Lion in the Bering Sea, Aleutian lslands and Gulf of Alaska from 1977-92 August 1993 This report does not constitute a publication and is for information only. All data herein are to be considered provisional. ERRATA NOTICE This document is being made available in .PDF format for the convenience of users; however, the accuracy and correctness of the document can only be certified as was presented in the original hard copy format. Inaccuracies in the OCR scanning process may influence text searches of the .PDF file. Light or faded ink in the original document may also affect the quality of the scanned document. OBSERVED CATCHES OF GROIJNDFTSH AND SELECTED BYCATCH SPECTES VüITHIN CRITICAL HABTTAT OF THE STELLER SEA LTON rN THE BERTNG SEA, AIEUTIAN TSLANDS AND GULF OF ALASKA FROM 1,977-92 Compiled by Lowell IrI. Fritz National Marine Fisheries Service Alaska Fisheries Science Center 7600 Sand Point Way NE BIN CL5700; BIdg. 4 Seattle, WA 99115 August 1"993 CONTENTS Page iv v 1 Introduction 2 Methods and Results 4 Literature Cited 5 trL List of Figures Page Figure 1. Aquatic foraging area desj-gnated as criticat habitat for the Steller sea lion in the eastern Ber j-ng Sea ( in the vicinity of Bogoslof Island). Sea lion rookeries in the western GuIf of Alaska and eastern Aleutian fslands are also noted 6 Figure 2. Aquatic foraging area designated as critical habitat for the Steller sea lion in Seguam Pass in the Al-eutian Islands. Sea lion rookeries in the central Àleutian fslands are also noted ...... 7 Figure 3. Aquatj-c foraging area designated as critical habitat for the Steller sea lion in Shelikof Strait in the Gulf of Alaska. Sea lion rookeries in the central Gutf of Ataska are also noted I 1V List of Tabl-es Pages Table 1. Rookeries (R) and major haulouts (H) of the SteLl-er sea lion designated as criticaÌ habitat in the Bering Sea/Aleutian Islands and central/western GuIf of A1aska 9-1,2 Tabre 2. observed catches of all- al-rocated groundf ish and selected bycatch species by gear within critical habitat of the Stelter sea 1ion in the Bering Sea and Aleutian Islands by foreign and joint venture vessels in the NORPAC database from L977-99 13 -98 Table 3. observed catches of al-l- arlocated groundf ish and selected bycatch species by gear within critical habitat of the Stel_Ier sea lion in the Bering Sea and ALeutian Islands by domestic vessels in the NORPAC database from L989-92 99-L52 Table 4. observed catches of arr arlocated groundfish and selected bycatch species by gear within cri-tical habitat of the Steller sea lion in the Gulf of Alaska by foreign and joint venture vessels in the NORPAC database from 1977-88 ]53_2L2 Table 5. observed catches of alr allocated groundfish and selected bycatch species by gear within critical habitat of the SteIIer sea lion in the GuIf of Alaska by dornestic vessels in the NORPAC database from 1_997-92 . 2L3-Z6L ,v Abstract This report contains tabl-es of observed catches of groundfish and selected bycatch species by foreign, joint- venture, and domestic fisheries within designated critical habitat of the sterrer sea lion (58 FR L7181) in the Bering sea and Aleutian Islands (BSAI; INPFC areas 5L-55) and GuIf of Alaska (GOA; INPFC areas 61-64). These data are not total catch estimates frorn designated critical habitat. The data include: 1) observed catches (mt) of the following allocated groundfish species in the BSAI: - walleye pollock - Pacific cod - yellowfin sole - rock sole - Greenlanô turbot - arrowtooth flounder - other flatfish - Àtka mackerel sablefish - Pacífic ocean perch - other rockfish,. and 2) observed catches (mt) of the fol-lowing allocated groundfish species in the GOA: - walleye pollock - Pacific cod shallow flatfish - deepwater flatfish - Atka mackerel sablefish - Pacifíc ocean perch - other rockfish,. and 3) observed catches (kg) of the fortowíng selected bycatch species (selected because of their importance as prey for Steller sea lions): salmon (aII species) - octopus (aII species) squid (al1 species) - Pacific herring; 4') organized by: - Year (!977-89 for BSAI foreign and joint-venture, and L989-92 for BSAI domestic data ¡ L977-88 for cOA foreign and joint-venture and L9B7-92 for GOA domestic data), - guarter (January-March:1, April-June=2, July-September:3, and October-December=4), - Vessel class (foreign and joint-venture data) or cear-type (donestic data), and Individuat crit,ical habitat area (rookerÍes, haulouts, and aquatic foraging areas), 5) $rith quarterly and annual summaries including percent taken within critical habitat. Introduction Steller sea l-ions (Eunetopias jubatus) range throughout the North Pacifíc ocean rim from Japan and Korea northward to the Bering strait, throughout the Al-eutian rslands and the Gurf of Alaska, and south to the Channel Isl-ands of California (Hoover 1988). Sea lions eat primarily schooling fish, such as pacific sand lance, sal-non, capelin, Pacific herring, walleye pollock and Atka mackerer, some of which are arso commercially exploited by fisheries off A1aska. The historical center of abundance has been in Alaskan waters from the Aleutian Islands eastward to the Kenai Peninsula. Àfter a survey of sea Ìion abundance at key index sites in 1985, researchers at the National Marine Mammal Laboratory (NMML) and at the A1aska Department of Fish and Game (ADFG) observed that the sea lion population in the eastern Al-eutian Islands had decl-ined by almost 80å since the nid-1950s (Merrick et aI. 1987) . The range-wide survey in 1999 confirmed not only that the decline in the eastern Aleutian population had continued, but that populations in the GoA (sLz decline between 1960 and 1989) and the former ussR (742 decline) had shrunk as weII (Loughlin et aI. L992). Furthermore, studies in the central GOA suggested that the physical condition of sea lions had deteriorated, possibì-y due to nutritional deficiencies (Calkins and Goodwin 1988). Sea lions collected in 1-985-86 in the central GoA (near Kodiak rsrand) rúere significantry smaller in weight, girth and standard length and had lower hemoglobin values than a similar group collected in the l-970s from the same area (Ca1kins and Goodwin 1988). Analyses of sea lion life tables (york 1993) and data on resightings of tagged pups (Merrick L992) suggests that the decrine in the sea rion population as a whol-e may be due to an increase in mortality of juvenires, particularly duiing the first year of life. Recently weaned sea lions tend tò eat small-er fish than adurts and forage in surface waters (usual-Iy less than 20 rn depth; Merrick (1,992). 'Concern for the survival of the species led the NMFS to list the Steller sea lion as threatened throughout its range under the Endangered species Act (ESA) on an emergency basis on 5 April 1990 (55 FR L2645) and on a final- basis on 26 November L99o (55 FR 49204). section 7 of the ESA requires that each federal agency, in consurtation with the secretary (of commerce, in the case of sea lions), insure that its actions are not likely to jeopardize the continued existence of a risted species. Ás part of the ESA section 7 review of the L99L GoA poltock fishêry, the NMFS concluded that spatial and temporal concentration of trawl fishing for pollock in the 1980s could have contributed to the decrine in the sea rion popuration. To protect sea rions, the NMFS (in Lg92) imprernentãa- fishery managãment regurations (pursuant to Amendment 20 to the Bering sea/Areutian rsrands (BSAI) and Amendment 25 to the GoA fishery management plans (FMP) ) to spatialry allocate the total alrowable catch (TAc) of poJ-lock in the GoA and separate sea lions from trawrers in important sea rion habitats. The spati-al- separation took the form of annual l-0 nm trawl exclusion zones around al-l 37 sea lion rookeries west of 15oow longitude in the GoA and BsAr. Furthermore, 20 nm trawl exclusion zones $/ere created around six rookeries in the eastern and central Aleutians islands from January-April 15, during the BSAr polrock rAr or roe season. requirement of Section 4 of the ESA is the designation of critical habitat, which ís rather broadly defined in sãction 3 (s) (A) (i) of the ESA as: the specific areas within the geographical area occupied by the species, ât the tirne it, is listed in accordance with the provisions of section 4 of this Act, on which are found those physical or biological features (I) essential to the conservation of the species and (II) which may require special nanagenent consideration or protection (author's emphasis) . on 1 April 1993, thg Department of commerce pubrished a proposed rule designating critical habitat for the steller sea fion lsa FR L7181). The proposed critical habitat is: (1) arr sterler sea lion rookeries (where adutt males actively defend territories and most femares give birth and mate) and major haulouts (where greater than 2OO sea lions have been counted, but where few pups are present and little breeding takes place), including: (a) a zone 3000 feet landward and seaward from each site east of l-44-oVt longitude (including those in Alaska, Washington, oregon and Californiá¡; and (b) a zone 3000 feet landward and 20 nautical miles (nm) seaward of each site west of l_44ow longitude where the population had dectined more precipitously and where the former center of abundance of the species had been; and (2) three aquatic foraging habitats within the core of the species, range (Figure Group 1): (a) an area in the eastern Bering Sea surrounding Bogosrof rsrand from approximateÌy 60 nm north oi unimak rsland west to 60 nm north of the rsl-ands of Four Mountains and south to the Ateutian fsland chain; (b) Seguam pass in the Aleutian Islands; and (c) Shelikof Strait in the GoA.
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