Annual Report for the Year Ended June 30, 1993
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Monetary and Fiscal Policies of Brazil, 1953-1963
MONETARY AND FISCAL POLICIES OF BRAZIL 1953-1963 By JAMES HENDERSON DUKES A DISSEHTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE COUNCIL OF THE UNH'ERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1968 Copyright by James Oaxidarson Dukes 1966 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Aa most of the nacessax*y Information for this dissertation perfoz*oe comes from a foreign country, 1 find that there are several persons or organizations that should be thanked for their assistance. Without the aid x»ecelved, much of the resesu*ch material used would have been neither primary nor current. First, I would like to thank the Library of Congress for the extensive use of their facilities. Also very im- portant were the assistance of the staffs of the Brazilian Qnbassies in v/ashlngton, D. C., and in Tegucigalpa, Honduras, and the use of the library of the International Monetary Fund in Washington, D. C. I am indeed thankful for the assistance given me by Gertrude Heare of the TJhited States Department of Commerce in allowing me to borrow ’’the only available copy" of the 1964*’1966 development plan, which was replete with pertinent statistics and projections. And finally, I must show more than appreciation for the tremendous amount of assistance from my wife in the fora of preliminary and final typing, editing, and en- couragement throughout the whole period, from research to completion of the work. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 1 PART I. INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE Chapter 1. THE BANKING SYSTEM I 5 2. THE TAX SYSTEM 3 . -
Silicomanganese from Brazil, the People's Republic of China, Ukraine, and Venezuela
Silicomanganese from Brazil, the People's Republic of China, Ukraine, and Venezuela Investigations Nos. 731-TA-671-67 4 (Final) Publication 2836 December 1994 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission COMMISSIONERS Peter S. Watson, Chairman Janet A. Nuzum, Vice Chairman David B. Rohr Don E. Newquist Carol T. Crawford Lynn M. Bragg Robert A. Rogowsky Director of Operations Staff assigned: Douglas Corkran, Investigator Charles Yost, Industry Analyst Cindy Cohen, Economist John Ascienzo, Accountant Shara Aranoff, Attorney George Deyman, Supervisory Investigator Address all communications to Secretary to the Commission United States International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 U.S. International Trade Commission Washington, DC 20436 Silicomanganese from Brazil, the People's Republic of China, Ukraine, and Venezuela Publication 2836 December 1994 CONTENTS Part I: Determinations and views of the Commission . 1-1 Determinations . 1-3 Views of Commissioner David B. Rohr and Commissioner Don E. Newquist. 1-5 Views of Chairman Peter S. Watson, Vice Chairman Janet A. Nuzum, Commissioner Carol T. Crawford and Commissioner Lynn M. Bragg . 1-19 Views of Chairman Peter S. Watson, Commissioner Carol T. Crawford and Commissioner Lynn M. Bragg on cumulation . 1-29 Views of Chairman Peter S. Watson, Commissioner Carol T. Crawford and Commissioner Lynn M. Bragg regarding no material injury by reason of LTFV imports from Brazil, China, and Ukraine . 1-37 Views of Chairman Peter S. Watson, Commissioner Carol T. Crawford and Commissioner Lynn M. Bragg on no material injury by reason of L TFV imports from Venezuela . 1-47 Views of Chairman Peter S. -
NFIU XML Reporting Version
NFIU XML Reporting Instructions and Specifications NFIU XML Reporting Instructions and Specifications Version 4.5 Last Update: 14-Jan-2021 Nigerian Financial Intelligence Unit goAML 4.5 Schema Page 1 of 82 NFIU XML Reporting Instructions and Specifications Revision History Re Date Author Description Requestor v 2.1 May 19, 2008 T. Breineder Combined STR and CTR schemas Maher Abu Ghali 2.2 June 04, 2008 M Abu Ghali Finalized version for the FIC Namibia FIC - BON 2.3 June 06, 2008 T. Breineder Moved local currency element from Maher Abu Ghali the transaction details to the report element 2.4 June 06, 2008 T. Breineder Amended account holder to include a Maher Abu Ghali flag specifying the primary signatory 2.4.1 June 23, 2008 M. Abu Ghali Account Balance element added to Maher Abu Ghali t_account node 2.4.2 July 30, 2008 Ameen Safadi 2.4.3 August 28, 2008 M. Zeeshan Tahir Teller in Transaction was made Badi Alkhatib optional. Differences between schema & documentation rectified. 2.4.4 August 29,2008 Stefan Brezina Consistency check and rework Badi Alkhatib 2.4.4 September 12, 2008 Ameen Safadi Remove Entity Type lookup table from document, and clean some unused lookup values. No change in schema. 2.4.5 November 03, 2008 Zeeshan Tahir All date fields are bound to have Ameen Safadi values later than or equal to 1900-01- 01 2.4.6 November 05, 2008 Zayeem Khan Several non-mandatory elements can Ameen Safadi now have blank values. t_person/identification node can now be repeated. -
Depatiment of Agricultural and Appliedeconomics
Staff Papers Series Staff Paper P84-19 June 1984 Brazilian Agriculture in a Changed International Economy by G. Edward Schuh Depatiment of Agricultural and Applied Economics University of Minnesota Institute of Agriculture, Forestry and Home Economics St. Paul. Minnesota 55108 Brazilian Agriculture h a Changed International Economy bY G. Edward Schuh* *professor and Head, Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota Staff papers are published without formal review by the Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics BRAZILIAN AGRICULTURE IN A CHANGED INTERNATIONAL ECONOMY* G. Edward Schuh** Two considerations have motivated the research which underlies this paper. The first was the desire to understand what has happened to Brazil - a country that after an unusually successful growth experience over a sustained period of time has become the focus of international attention as it has experienced a foreign debt and liquidity crisis of unusual magnitude. The second was the desire to better understand the emerging international economic system and how it affects the economic performance of individual countries. In characterizing Brazil in the larger scheme of things, it should be noted that this country represents the epitome of autarchic development, having pursued import-substituting industrialization with a particular vengeance for approximately 30 years. As a consequence of that policy, it has one of the most closed, if not the most closed, economy of the world. Exports are equivalent to only approximately 8 percent of GNP. External observers have blamed the problems of Brazil (and other countries in crisis) on a failure to live within its means, on excessive optimism, and on bad policy. -
Make Caldor Your 10Y Store!
20 - EVENING HERALD. Fri.. Nov. 16,197» Experts Say Solar Power Is Efficient HARTFORD (UPI) - Putting the sun to work is an ef The] ubllc has been very receptive to the idea of aolar should expect a return in about five to 10 years. ficient and economically feasible way to tackle the power but needs to learn more of the facts, Ms. Friedland "The real issue is out of pocket expenses. In a very current energy crisis, specialists told a solar power said. short period of time it’s costing you less and less every workshop for the financial community Thursday. "I think the whole issue of ‘heating or eathig' in this month to pay your beat,” Hollander said. Luggage Consultants with a federally funded solar research and part of the country will raise the consciousness about solar,” she said. information group also said the long-term advantages of LooMm to r e AMT The Nr Tari solar power will far outweigh the initial investment as A hot water heating system is the moat practical and learryai the cost of fuel increases. economical solar system an average family can install in DENTIST? ■Mi iM), MMMe, I “Solar power is a pretty simple technology. It’s func an existing home, Hollander said. The type of system Try ut for the poraonal touohl SamnL tional now. It works now. And it la economically depends on the location and construction of &e home, and Our modern office Is conveniently located In East rinl Fw feasible,” said Gayle Friedland, a financial analyst for and W to 120 gallon Unk can cost from $1,000 to $4 000. -
Department Stores on Sale: an Antitrust Quandary Mark D
Georgia State University Law Review Volume 26 Article 1 Issue 2 Winter 2009 March 2012 Department Stores on Sale: An Antitrust Quandary Mark D. Bauer Follow this and additional works at: https://readingroom.law.gsu.edu/gsulr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Mark D. Bauer, Department Stores on Sale: An Antitrust Quandary, 26 Ga. St. U. L. Rev. (2012). Available at: https://readingroom.law.gsu.edu/gsulr/vol26/iss2/1 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Publications at Reading Room. It has been accepted for inclusion in Georgia State University Law Review by an authorized editor of Reading Room. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Bauer: Department Stores on Sale: An Antitrust Quandary DEPARTMENT STORES ON SALE: AN ANTITRUST QUANDARY Mark D. BauerBauer*• INTRODUCTION Department stores occupy a unique role in American society. With memories of trips to see Santa Claus, Christmas window displays, holiday parades or Fourth of July fIreworks,fireworks, department storesstores- particularly the old downtown stores-are often more likely to courthouse.' engender civic pride than a city hall building or a courthouse. I Department store companies have traditionally been among the strongest contributors to local civic charities, such as museums or symphonies. In many towns, the department store is the primary downtown activity generator and an important focus of urban renewal plans. The closing of a department store is generally considered a devastating blow to a downtown, or even to a suburban shopping mall. Many people feel connected to and vested in their hometown department store. -
Money Norms Julia Y
Penn State Law eLibrary Journal Articles Faculty Works 2017 Money Norms Julia Y. Lee Penn State Law Follow this and additional works at: http://elibrary.law.psu.edu/fac_works Part of the Commercial Law Commons, Law and Economics Commons, and the Law and Society Commons Recommended Citation Julia Y. Lee, Money Norms, 49 Loy. U. Chi. L.J. 57 (2017). This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Faculty Works at Penn State Law eLibrary. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal Articles by an authorized administrator of Penn State Law eLibrary. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Money Norms Julia Y. Lee* Money norms present a fundamental contradiction. Norms embody the social sphere, a system of internalized values, unwritten rules, and shared expectations that informally govern human behavior. Money, on the other hand, evokes the economic sphere of markets, prices, and incentives. Existing legal scholarship keeps the two spheres distinct. Money is assumed to operate as a medium of exchange or as a tool for altering the payoffs of different actions. When used to make good behavior less costly and undesirable behavior more costly, money functions to incentivize, sanction, and deter. Although a rich literature on the expressive function of law exists, legal scholars have generally confined money to the economic sphere of sanctions and subsidies. This Article attempts to bridge that gap. Money elicits a strong, visceral, and emotional reaction, triggering (and creating expectations of) selfishness, individualism, and self-reliance that is unaccounted for in current legal scholarship. Money norms not only insulate our moral values from market encroachment, but they also prescribe modes of behavior that encourage cooperation and counteract the impulse to act selfishly. -
Measuring Currency Pressures: the Cases of the Japanese Yen, the Chinese Yuan, and the UK Pound
DEPARTMENT OF ECONOMICS Measuring Currency Pressures: The Cases of the Japanese Yen, the Chinese Yuan, and the U.K. Pound Stephen Hall, University of Leicester, UK Amangeldi Kenjegaliev, University of Leicester, UK P. A. V. B. Swamy, Retired from Federal Reserve Board, USA George S. Tavlas, Bank of Greece, Economics Research Department, Greece Working Paper No. 13/10 May 2013 Measuring Currency Pressures: The Cases of the Japanese Yen, the * Chinese Yuan, and the U.K. Pound Stephen G. Hall Leicester University and Bank of Greece Amangeldi Kenjegaliev Leicester University P.A.V.B. Swamy Federal Reserve Board (Retired) George S. Tavlas† Bank of Greece Abstract We investigate bilateral currency pressures against the U.S. dollar for three currencies: the Japanese yen, the Chinese yuan, and the U.K. pound during the period 2000:Q1 to 2009:Q4. We employ a model-based methodology to measure exchange market pressure over the period. Conversion factors required to estimate the pressure on these currencies are computed using a time-varying coefficient regression. We then use our measures of currency pressures to assess deviations of exchange rates from their market-equilibrium levels. For the yen, our measure of currency pressure suggests undervaluation during the initial part of our estimation period, a period during which the Bank of Japan sold yen in the foreign exchange market. We find persistent undervaluation of the yuan throughout the estimation period, with the undervaluation peaking at about 20 per cent in 2004 and 2007. For the pound, the results indicate low pressure - - suggesting a mainly free-floating currency - - throughout the sample period. -
Modern Coinage Systems
MODERN COINAGE SYSTEMS By MAJOR D. V. DEANE, C.I.E., C.B.E. {Formerly Senior Master of the Indian Government Mints) Preface. The subject of this paper covers a wide range of factors which influence the final decisions which must be made before a country can introduce a new series of coins, or even add a single new coin to the existing series. These new coinages have been necessitated for various reasons, such as the introduction of the Decimal System; the grant of Independence to a former colonial territory; the replacement of low valued currency notes by coins; and the steep increase in the price of silver during recent years, which has resulted in this metal now being almost completely abandoned for use in coinage. Each country which is considering changes in its currency or coinage presents its own particular problems. One of the most important of these is the face value of the major coinage unit of the country concerned, and of the sub-divisions thereof. In countries where the value of the major unit is high—such as the U.S. Dollar or the S. African Rand, there is a wide choice of metals and alloys for the subsidiary units, as even the lowest coin will have some intrinsic value, but in other countries—notably in Latin America—the problem is complicated by the much lower value of the major unit, and, with the steep inflationary trend which persists in many of these countries, by the risk of the metal value of the subsidiary coins eventually exceeding their face value to an extent where they disappear from circulation to be melted for use in the local non-ferrous industry. -
Religious Accommodation, the Establishment Clause, and Third-Party Harm Mark Storslee†
Religious Accommodation, the Establishment Clause, and Third-Party Harm Mark Storslee† In the wake of Burwell v Hobby Lobby, religious accommodation has become increasingly controversial. That controversy has given rise to a new legal theory gaining popularity among academics and possibly a few Supreme Court justices: the idea that the First Amendment’s Establishment Clause condemns accommoda- tions whenever they generate anything beyond a minimal cost for third parties. The third-party thesis is appealing. But this Article argues that there are good reasons to believe it fails as an interpretation of the Establishment Clause. In its place, the Article offers a new theory for understanding the relationship between costly accommodations and the Establishment Clause. That theory begins with a simple assertion: the Establishment Clause is not a prohibition on generic harm but instead a ban on government attempts to promote a favored religious identity. Thus, the fundamental inquiry is not whether a private party bears some cost but instead whether the government is using its power to foster religious conformity. Although largely overlooked in the literature, members of the Founding generation actually did equate accommodations with establishments on at least two occasions, both involving instances in which accommodations encouraged reli- gious conformity. And as it turns out, the principles drawn from those incidents provide powerful explanations for many of the Court’s modern precedents—often more powerful than the Court’s own reasoning. But even more, viewing the Establishment Clause as a ban on government attempts to induce religious con- formity also offers a more plausible way of thinking about the occasional costs of accommodation. -
University of California Berkeley Department of Economics
- - _ University of California Berkeley CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS RESEARCH Working Paper No. C93-009 Patterns in Exchange Rate Forecasts for 25 Currencies Menzie Chinn and Jeffrey Frankel January 1993 Department of Economics WITHDRAWN POU. AGRICULTURAL N OM CL. LIBRARY MAR 1 !' ben CIDER t CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS RESEARCH The Center for International and Development Economics Research is funded by the Ford Foundation. It is a research unit of the Institute of International Studies which works closely with the Department of Economics and the Institute of Business and Economic Research. CIDER is devoted to promoting research on international economic and development issues among Berkeley CIDER faculty and students, and to stimulating collaborative interactions between them and scholars from other developed and developing countries. INSTITUTE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMIC RESEARCH Richard Sutch, Director The Institute of Business and Economic Research is an organized research unit of the University of California at Berkeley. It exists to promote research in business and economics by University faculty. These working papers are issued to disseminate research results to other scholars. Individual copies of this paper are available through IBER, 156 Barrows Hall, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720. Phone (510) 642-1922, fax (510) 642-5018. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY Department of Economics Berkeley, California 94720 - ,CENTER FOR INTERNATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENT ECONOMICS RESEARCH Working Paper No. C93-009 Patterns in Exchange Rate Forecasts for 25 Currencies Menzie Chinn and Jeffrey Frankel January 1993 Key words: expectations, survey, forward rate, exchange rate JEL Classification: F31, 015 Abstract The properties of exchange rate forecasts are investigated, with a data set encompassing a broad cross section of currencies. -
May 2016 | Share This on 1
May 2016 | Share this on 1 Why The Fundamentals Are No Longer Good Enough One-Trick Ponies, Groupon Effect, Experience Optimization, and Customer Advocacy Behavior Michael Lowenstein, Thought Leadership Principal, Beyond Philosophy May 2016 | Share this on 2 The Challenge of Being a One-Trick Pony About thirty years ago, Paul Simon wrote a song entitled “One-Trick Pony”. The song describes a performing pony that has learned only one trick, and he succeeds or fails with the audience based on how well he executes it. As Simon conveys in the lyrics: “He’s got one trick to last a lifetime. It’s the principal source of his revenue.” This song, and its message, are something of a metaphor for what challenges many companies endeavoring to create customer advocacy behavior and relationships, leading to more frequent purchase activity, through customer experience and loyalty programs. A key reason companies have a difficult time achieving optimum customer loyalty is that the fail to provide full value fundamentals. They focus on satisfying customers exclusively through basic rational and functional benefits, which is often too benign and passive an approach to create strategic perceived value. Mostly, they emphasize single element or minimal element tactical approaches with customers, such as pricing, merchandise, loyalty cards, or points-based programs, without determining (either before programs are launched or after they are up and running) whether this is sufficient motivation for building a long-term relationship. Smart marketers know that, for instance, being a low-cost provider can be a trap and that only overall perceived value will prevail.