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A DETAILS STUDY on HYGROPHILA DIFFORMIS Samanta Krishanu* Pharmacy College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India

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A DETAILS STUDY on HYGROPHILA DIFFORMIS Samanta Krishanu* Pharmacy College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India IJPCBS 2012, 2(4), 494-499 samanta Krishanu ISSN: 2249-9504 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL, CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES Available online at www.ijpcbs.com Review Article A DETAILS STUDY ON HYGROPHILA DIFFORMIS Samanta Krishanu* Pharmacy College, Azamgarh, Uttar Pradesh, India. ABSTRACT The knowledge of medicinal plants must have been accumulated in the course of many centuries but it is our misfortune that proper chemical and pharmacological evaluation of most of these plants have not done till now. Keeping this view, a details study on Hygrophila difformis Blume (Family-Acanthaceae) along with phytochemical study have done. It is commonly known as water wisteria. It is a tropical aquarium plant used as environmental ornaments. It rapid growth helps prevention of algae. The plant grows to a height of 20-50 cm with a width of 15-25 cm, & slender lacy leaves and upright growth. It is found in marshy habitats on the Indian subcontinent including Bangladesh, Bhutan and Nepal. Hygrophiloside was found in the aerial parts of Hygrophila difformis. It is an iridoid glucoside having hepatoprotective activity. On preliminary phytochemical analysis Cardiac glycosides, tannins, steroids, flavonoids & saponins were found. It is used as coagulant by tribal people. The aerial parts of the plant showed good antioxidant property and also shows anthelmintic activity, Ethanolic extracts of aerial parts of the plant shows CNS depressant activity along with analgesic activity in mice. Keywords: Hygrophila difformis, Antioxidant activity, Analgesic activity, Anthelmintic activity. INTRODUCTION algae because the plants absorbs a great Under the family Acanthaceae, Hygrophila number of nutrients from the water. The difformis is commonly known as water storage of micro nutrients leads to pale leaves wisteria. It is a tropical aquarium plant used which may be indication that the aquariums as environmental ornaments. It rapid growth need fertilizer. In large aquariums its lobed helps prevention of algae. The plant grows to leaves can create a distinctive group. Out of a height of 20-50 cm with a width of 15-25 150 weeds species collected from rice fields cm, and slender lacy leaves and upright of Hooghly and Midnapore districts of West growth. It is found in marshy habitats on the Bengal, 124 species posses economic Indian subcontinent including Bangladesh, importance in one way or other. The various Bhutan and Nepal. It is easy to grow and as uses of those weeds may aid dealers in crude such it is a very popular plant for the tropical drugs, manufacture of plant products. The aquarium. It grows best in good light with plant sometimes called water wisteria nutriment rich water & it benefits from Hygrophila difformis is very fast growing additional CO2. It can be easily propagated plant that required high light and nutrients to from cutting. It is a beautiful plant for get good green growth, when grown out of beginners which can help create a balance in the water, the plant leaves change completely the aquarium. Its rapids growth help prevent by becoming smaller and serrated with lots of 494 IJPCBS 2012, 2(4), 494-499 samanta Krishanu ISSN: 2249-9504 glandular hairs. When first submerged in an Maximum length – 15 – 30cm aquarium or pond this glands produce a toxic Temperature – 20 – 280C substances that may be toxic to some fish. So Coloration – Bright green take great care when handling than as any Ph – 5.0 – 9.0 damage seems to give off the toxin. Once they Water hardness – GH 7 – 13 dl. have been in the water a while the poison Continent – Asia seems to disappear. Flowers are about 1cm, light violet color. It was first described by Chemical constituents Linnaeus himself (1781) as Ruellia difformis. Hygrophila difformis contain iridoid It also called Ruellia triflora. Hygrophila glucoside, hygrophiloside. Hygrophiloside difformis is a very important plant as a gift of apparently identical to the so called the nature for living beings. It is used for Cardanthera, Pseudoindican. Its structure has administered by all type of herbivorous been established by spectroscopic means and animals for their food. In traditional by reduction to isoaucubin.2 S.R. Jensen and medicinal system it is used in different B.J. Nielsen, Phytochem(1985)., 24 (3), 602 troubles as well as it possesses different Preliminary qualitative phytochemical important pharmacological activities. It is screening shown that presence of Cardiac commonly known as Water wisteria or Wild glycosides, tannins, steroids, flavonoids and wisteria. saponins.3 It is widely distributed in India, Thailand, Malaysia, Burma & Bangladesh and Nepal. It Member of the Genus Hygrophila is used as coagulant by tribal people1 it is an Various genus of Hygrophila are given below aquatic stem plant which grows mainly Asia 1. H. guianensis minor & southeast Asia. It grows better in the 2. H. auriculata rainy season than in the dry season. Leaves 3. H. dimidiate are about 1to 4 cm long. It can be identified 4. H. phlomoides by finely branched light green leaves above 5. H. polysperma the water. A details theoretical survey 6. H. quadrivalvis regarding botanical description, traditional 7. H. salicifolia uses, chemical components, biological study 8. H. schulii was done in this paper. 9. H. angustifolia 10. H. balsalica Taxonomical classification 11. H. costata Kingdom – Plantae 12. H. corymbosa Order – Lamiales 13. H. lacustris Family – Acanthaceae 14. H. stricta Sub-family – Acanthoideae 15. H. siamensis Tribe – Ruellieae 16. H. aquatic Genus – Hygrophila Specific eithet – Difformis B ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY Botanical name - Hygrophila difformis The antioxidant activities of aerial part of H. difformis extract were investigated pal et al. Vernacular names by estimating degree of non-enzymatic Dutch – Vaantjes plant haemoglobin glycosylation measured English – Water wisteria, Wild wisteria, Blue calorimetrically. Result obtained indicate the wisteria benzene & chloroform extract of aerial parts Bengali – Bagua, kalaghass of H. difformis have better antioxidant activity then petroleum ether, ethanol & aqueous Habital extract. The activities were comparing with Maximum height – 20 – 50cm D--tocopherol (Vit. E) & ascorbic acid (Vit. 495 IJPCBS 2012, 2(4), 494-499 samanta Krishanu ISSN: 2249-9504 C) that were used as a standard antioxidant CNS ACTIVITIES compound. The detail chemical nature of the CNS activities of aerial part of H. difformis active principle responsible for the extract were investigated pal et al & Samanta antioxidant activity & their mode of action are et al. EEHD enhanced sleeping time, analgesic under investigation. Haemoglobin, and anticonvulsant activities and reduced 60mg/100ml in 0.01M, phosphate buffer (ph- behavioral reflexes. Ethanol extract of aerial 7.4) was incubated in presence of 2gm/100ml part of H. difformis exhibited strong CNS concentration of glucose for 72 hours in depression action.7 required to best haemoglobin glycolsylation. The assay was performed by adding 1ml 1. Toxicity study glucose solution, 1 ml of haemoglobin Adult Albino Swiss mice of either sex solution & 1 ml of gentamycin (20mg/100ml) weighing between 20-25gm were used. The in 0.01M phosphate buffer (ph-7.4). The animals were obtained from B.N. Ghosh & co, mixture was incubated in dark room Kolkata. The animal were kept to normal temperature for 72 hours. The degree of laboratory condition for one week and given glycolysation of haemoglobin in the present standard pellet diet (Hindustan Lever Ltd., of different concentration of extracts and Kolkata) and given water ad Libitum.. The their absence were measured test compounds dissolved in water at calorimetrically. The result indicate that the different doses were injected benzene and chloroform extract of aerial intraperitronially to different group of mice. parts of H. difformis have better antioxidant Each group containing ten animals.[Litchfield activity than petroleum ether, ethanol and and wilcoxon]8found that no mice died up to aqueous extract.4 the dose of 2gm/kg. So EEHD may be Another investigates the antioxidant (in considered as safe drug. vitro) activity of methanolic extract of leaves of H. difformis. Preliminary phytochemical 2. Effect on sleeping time test showed presence of phenolic compounds, The mice were divided into four groups each flavonoids, tannins, steroids & also alkaloids. group containing 6 mice. The animals of Antioxidant activity of methanolic extract was group-i received normal saline (0.9%w/v assessed by different in-vitro model of NaCl). Group-ii received EEHD at the dose of measuring anti-oxidant profile i.e. DPPH 400mg/kg, group-iii received EEHD at the induced, superoxide & hydrogen peroxide dose of 500mg/kg and last Group-iv received induced method. Alterations of the EEHD at the dose of 600mg/kg respectively. absorbance due to free radicals were tested in Normal saline the extract were injected normal, test (H. difformis extract) & also intraperitoneally 30 min prior to the standard(stock solution of vitamin C & administration of pentobarbitone sodium sodium metabisulphite) groups.5 (40mg/kg, i.p) Diazepam (3mg/kg, i.p) & Also investigate in vitro activity of leaf meprobamate(100mg/kg,i.p). The sleeping extracts of Hygrophila difformis S L. Leaf part time was noted by recording the interval of the power was extracted with phosphate between the losses and regaining righting buffer and other leaf part of the extract was reflex.9,10 successively extracted with hydro- alcohol(water: ethanol::1:1)ethyl acetate & 3. Analgesic properties n-butanol measuring DPPH induced free A). Acetic acid induce writhing method radical scavenging activity, measurement of Acetic acid induce writhing method another reductive ability, superoxide anion name is chemical stimulus methods. The scavenging activity & hydroxyl radical onset or writhing was noted. The number of scavenging activity.6 abdominal constrictions, trunk twist response during a period of 10min was recorded. The mean writhing scores in 496 IJPCBS 2012, 2(4), 494-499 samanta Krishanu ISSN: 2249-9504 control, standard & test groups were activity EEHD may be due to enhance level of calculated & % inhibition of pain in standard brain serotonin and GABA in mice.
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