Wisdom of the Church
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Fellowship of Catholic Scholars Quarterly THE PRESIDENT’S LETTER The Right to Be Wrong .................................................. Joseph W. Koterski, S.J. ARTICLES 35 A Pope Resigns ....................................................................... Gerard V. Bradley Benedict Our Teacher ..............................................Rev. Dennis Gallagher, A.A. Numbers 3/4 The Professor Who Knows Our Names: Fall/Winter 2012 A Tribute to the Man Who is Schall............................................Brian Jones The Paradox of Persons Forty Years After Roe ..........................Gerard V. Bradley Vatican II After Fifty Years: The Virtual Council versus the Real Council ..................................................... Rev. Matthew L. Lamb The Four Pillars of Vatican II and the Year of Faith ......................Robert Fastiggi Wisdom of the Church ...........................................................Jude P. Dougherty Free Choice, Self-Determination and Contraceptive Acts ....E. Christian Brugger Clarifying Society’s Allocation of Good and Evil: The Instructive Heart of Martyrdom ..........................J. Marianne Siegmund “Blessed are the Merciful”: Saint Augustine on Capital Punishment ......................................................Hugh O’Donnell The Science of Economics: An Ally and Servant to Social Justice .................................................................Joseph E. Dorner Altera opinion de consuetudine ............................................... Edward N. Peters BOOK REVIEWS Christianity, Islam, Atheism: The Struggle for the Soul of the West by William Kilpatrick ................................Jude P. Dougherty Éducation et instruction selon Saint Thomas d’Aquin: Aspects philosophiques et théologiques by Leo J. Elders ................Anne Gardiner Economic Foundations of International Law by Eric A. Posner and Alan O. Sykes .................................Jude P. Dougherty Why Have Children? The Ethical Debate by Christine Overall .... Mary Shivanandan The Pope’s Soldiers. A Military History of the Modern Vatican by David Alvarez ...................................................................Anne Gardiner The Legacy of Avery Cardinal Dulles, S. J.—His Words and His Witness edited by Anne-Marie Kirmse, O.P. and Michael M. Canaris ....Clara Sorrocco ISSN 1084-3035 Will Many Be Saved? What Vatican II Actually Teaches and Its Implications for the New Evangelization by Ralph Martin ............Rev. Andrew McLean Cummings Fellowship of Catholic Scholars Shaping American Catholicism: Maryland and New York 1805-1915 P.O. Box 495 by Robert Emmett Curran ...................................... Thomas W. Jodziewicz Notre Dame, IN 46556 (574) 631-5825 BOOKS RECEIVED catholicscholars.org NOTICES J. Brian Benestad, Editor [email protected] APPLY FOR MEMBERSHIP OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS EX CATHEDRA Ross Douthat’s Bad Religion ......................................................J. Brian Benestad '$42VBSUFSMZr'BMM8JOUFS 1 THE PRESIDENT’S LETTER The Right to Be Wrong Fellowship of Catholic Scholars by Joseph W. Koterski, S.J. Scholarship Inspired by the Holy Spirit, President, Fellowship of Catholic Scholars in Service to the Church he outstanding work of the Becket Fund in defense CONTENTS of religious liberty gives good reason for genuine THE PRESIDENT’S LETTER (albeit tempered) hope in one of the current battles of the culture war. As a sign of our appreciation The Right to Be Wrong .................................................2 Tfor these labors, the Fellowship was pleased to present the ARTICLES Cardinal O’Boyle Award to Kevin Seamus Hasson at our A Pope Resigns ................................................................5 2012 convention in Washington, D.C. The Cardinal O’Boyle Benedict Our Teacher ....................................................6 Award is not necessarily bestowed every year, but only by A Tribute to the Man Who is Schall ............................ 7 special vote of the Board of Directors, in order to honor “an The Paradox of Persons Forty Years After Roe ......9 individual whose actions demonstrate courage and witness for Vatican II After Fifty Years ............................................14 the Catholic Church, in light of dissenting pressures in our The Four Pillars of Vatican II and the Year of Faith ..19 society.” Mr. Hasson much deserves this recognition. Wisdom of the Church ...............................................22 At the awards banquet Mr. Hasson provided for those in at- tendance copies of his recent book The Right to Be Wrong.1 De- Free Choice, Self-Determination and Contraceptive Acts ..........................................24 spite my profound respect for the work of Mr. Hasson and his colleagues at the Becket Fund, it was with a certain skepticism Clarifying Society’s Allocation of Good and Evil ...29 that I approached a book with this title. Is there really a right to “Blessed are the Merciful" ...........................................37 be wrong? Much, I suppose, depends on what one means by a Economic Theory and Social Justice .........................45 right. Hasson’s book shows us an interesting way forward. Altera opinion de consuetudine ................................49 For those mindful of the history of Catholic teaching on BOOK REVIEWS the question of religious liberty, the topic brings to mind the Christianity, Islam, Atheism: ...................................................50 Vatican II document Dignitatis humanae, with its declaration that Éducation et instruction selon Saint Thomas d’Aquin ..51 religious freedom is a basic human right. But we also need to be Economic Foundations of International Law ...................52 alert to the teachings of such earlier papal encyclicals as Mirari Why Have Children? The Ethical Debate ........................54 vos (1832) and Quanta cura (1864), which criticized the notion The Pope’s Soldiers .................................................................55 of religious liberty when understood as part of the propaganda campaign then being undertaken for the promotion of religious The Legacy of Avery Cardinal Dulles, S. J. ........................58 indifferentism and atheism. If one read these condemnations Will Many Be Saved? .............................................................60 of religious liberty by Pope Gregory XVI and Pope Pius IX in Shaping American Catholicism ............................................62 isolation, one might well suppose simply that error has no rights BOOKS RECEIVED ...........................................................63 and thus that there is no right to be wrong. NOTICES .............................................................................63 There appears to be a tension, if not an open contradiction, in these statements, and yet one can imagine various possible APPLY FOR MEMBERSHIP ..............................................63 ways in which to handle the problem. (1) If the earlier docu- OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS .......................................64 ments were to be read as making dogmatic statements, there EX CATHEDRA .................................................................65 would be a serious problem in suggesting that a later ecclesial statement could simply reverse them. (2) If all these documents Reminder: Membership dues will be are read as making only prudential judgments, there may be mailed out the first of the year and are no problem, or at least one that is not as severe, for prudential based on a calendar (not academic) year. judgments are related to changing circumstances in important 2 '$42VBSUFSMZr'BMM8JOUFS ways. It could also be the case (3) that despite the verbal is an arduous task, but over the centuries the steady la- similarity in using the term “religious liberty,” the various bors of popes and councils, with the aid of philosophers documents do not use the phrase in the same sense, and and theologians, have produced a solid body of teach- thus the apparent contradiction could perhaps be resolved ings in this area, with such principles as the right to pri- by distinguishing between the meanings assigned to the vate property,2 and concomitantly, the universal destina- phrase. It might be (4) that all these documents use the tion of the goods of this world3; the duty of obedience term in the same meaning but that either (a) the earlier to legitimate authority, and with it, the double-edged documents were mistaken but are now corrected by the principle of subsidiarity4; the duty of governments to later one, or (b) that the earlier documents were correct work for the common good,5 and correlatively the prin- and that the later one is in error. ciple of solidarity6 and the right to authentic human Someone of an historicist mindset might well argue development.7 that the Church had shifted its position by 180 degrees When applying any such principle to specific cases when the Second Vatican Council’s document affirmed there is need to consider the actual situation as fully religious liberty as a human right. If the earlier docu- as possible. One needs to be alert to the possibility of ments unequivocally condemned the very same thing special cases, changing circumstances, and such like. Of that a later council affirms as a fundamental right, the course, the use of prudential reasoning in the application Church would certainly appear to be contradicting of principles to particular situations can easily result in herself, but I do not think that this