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N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Scheme Site Name N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Scheme Site Name: Bustyhill 1 Licence Number: 04E0857 Possible Enclosure Final Report On behalf of Kildare County Council Licensee: Carmel Duffy 25 August 2010 N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Scheme Bustyhill 1 04E0857, Final Report PROJECT DETAILS N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Project Scheme Excavation Registration Number 04E0857 Excavation Director Carmel Duffy Senior Archaeologist Jon Harrison Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd, 120b Greenpark Road, Consultant Bray, Co. Wicklow Client Kildare County Council Site Name Bustyhill1 Site Type Possible enclosure Townland(s) Bustyhill Parish Newcastle County Dublin NGR (easting) 29910 NGR (northing) 22590 Height OD (m) 145.00 RMP No. N/A Excavation Dates 16–23 June 2004 Project Duration October 2003 – June 2004 Report Type Final Report Report Date 25 August 2010 Report By Carmel Duffy and Tim Coughlan Duffy, C. and Coughlan, T. Bustyhill 1, Report Reference 04E0857, Final Report. Unpublished Report for IAC Ltd. Bray 2010. Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd i N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Scheme Bustyhill 1 04E0857, Final Report ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This final report has been prepared by Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd in compliance with the excavation Licence 04E0857 issued to Carmel Duffy by the National Monuments Service of the Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government and the terms of the Contract between Kildare County Council and Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd. CONSULTING ENGINEERS Sylvia Desmond and Noel Dunne, Project Archaeologists, Kildare NRDO Declan Bowles Resident Engineer, Kildare County Council NATIONAL MONUMENTS, DOEHLG Archaeologist – Martin Reid IRISH ANTIQUITIES DIVISION, NATIONAL MUSEUM OF IRELAND Assistant Keeper – Nessa O’Connor ii Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Scheme Bustyhill 1 04E0857, Final Report ABSTRACT Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd (IAC), funded by the National Roads Authority (NRA) through Kildare County Council, undertook an excavation at the site of Site 5, Bustyhill 1 along the proposed N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Scheme (Figure 1). The following report describes the results of archaeological excavation at that site. The area was fully excavated by Carmel Duffy under Excavation Licence Number 04E0857 issued by the DOEHLG in consultation with the National Museum of Ireland for IAC. The fieldwork took place between the 16 and 23 June 2004. An area c. 30m by 25m was stripped of topsoil to reveal pits and linear ditch-like features in an area of tillage with a gentle hillside rising up to the east and south. The ditch like features formed a small possible enclosure. Two possible entrances were identified and further linear ditches were identified extending away from the enclosure – one at each entrance location. These may have been field boundaries, and it is possible that the main enclosure was also part of a field system. The ditches were not particularly deep, and this suggests that they were not associated with a ringfort or earthwork. Two pits were also identified, both of which were truncated by one of the linear boundary ditches. Radiocarbon dating of a charcoal sample from one of the pits indicates an early medieval date. The site is in close proximity to a souterrain DU020-010 so it is possible that the site is associated with a wider complex of early medieval archaeology that may survive outside the roadtake. Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd iii N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Scheme Bustyhill 1 04E0857, Final Report CONTENTS PROJECT DETAILS..........................................................................................................i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................ii ABSTRACT .....................................................................................................................iii 1 INTRODUCTION.......................................................................................................1 1.1 Site location.......................................................................................................1 1.2 The scope of the project....................................................................................1 1.3 Circumstances and dates of fieldwork...............................................................1 1.4 Methodology......................................................................................................2 2 EXCAVATION RESULTS.........................................................................................4 2.1 Phase 1 Natural Drift Geology...........................................................................4 2.2 Phase 2 Early Medieval Pits..............................................................................4 2.2.1 Pit C19.......................................................................................................4 2.2.2 Pit C25.......................................................................................................4 2.3 Phase 3 Linear Features ...................................................................................4 2.3.1 Linear ditch/gully C11 ................................................................................5 2.3.2 Curvilinear ditch/gully C3...........................................................................5 2.3.3 Linear ditch/gully C7 ..................................................................................6 2.3.4 Linear gully C5...........................................................................................6 2.4 Topsoil...............................................................................................................6 3 SYNTHESIS..............................................................................................................7 3.1 The Archaeological Landscape .........................................................................7 3.1.1 Preliminary Historical and Archaeological Background .............................7 3.1.1 The Site Specific Archaeological Landscape of site Bustyhill 1 ..............12 3.2 Typological Background of Raths/Ringforts ....................................................12 3.3 Summary of the Excavation Results ...............................................................13 3.4 Summary of the Specialist Analysis ................................................................13 4 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......................................................................14 4.1 Discussion .......................................................................................................14 4.2 Conclusions.....................................................................................................14 5 BIBLIOGRAPHY.....................................................................................................15 APPENDIX 1 CATALOGUE OF PRIMARY DATA ......................................................i Appendix 1.1 Context Register................................................................................. i Appendix 1.2 Archive Index..................................................................................... ii APPENDIX 2 SPECIALIST REPORTS ......................................................................iii Appendix 2.1 Animal Bone Analysis – Margaret McCarthy .................................... iv Appendix 2.2 Radiocarbon Dating Results – QUB Laboratory ................................ v APPENDIX 3 LIST OF RMP IN AREA .....................................................................vii FIGURES PLATES iv Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Scheme Bustyhill 1 04E0857, Final Report List of Figures Figure 1 Bustyhill 1 Location of project Figure 2 Bustyhill 1 Site location Figure 3 Bustyhill 1 Area of Excavation Figure 4 Bustyhill 1 Plan of Site Figure 5 Bustyhill 1 Sections List of Plates Plate 1 General view of Site, pre-excavation, facing south-east Plate 2 C19 post-excavation, facing north Plate 3 C5 section, south facing Plate 4 C3 section, facing north Plate 5 C3 post-excavation, facing north-west Plate 6 C3, C5 and C7 post-excavation facing north-west Plate 7 C3 post-excavation facing east Plate 8 C5 post-excavation facing south-east Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd v N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Scheme Bustyhill 1 04E0857, Final Report 1 INTRODUCTION This final report presents the results of the excavation carried out in the townland of Bustyhill, Co. Dublin. It is based on the direct stratigraphic relationships recorded on site and the results of specialist analysis of artefacts and samples from the site. The works formed part of an archaeological mitigation program associated with the N7 Naas Road Widening and Interchanges Scheme, Contract 2; Kill Village to Rathcoole, south Co. Dublin. Archaeological fieldwork was directed by Carmel Duffy of Irish Archaeological Consultancy Ltd. (IAC Ltd.) and was funded by Kildare County Council and the National Roads Authority. 1.1 Site location Site 5, Bustyhill, Co. Dublin was identified during Geophysical testing. Linear and Offset Testing was carried out by Elizabeth Connolly for IAC Ltd (licence 03E1731). It consisted of potential archaeological features as follows: - a curvilinear feature roughly forming a circle, - two linear tangential features, one running westwards, the other eastwards, from the circle. • Site 5, Bustyhill,
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