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Download Download Lee & Thomas: Taxonomic Status of Cucujus clavipes 145 CLARIFICATION OF THE TAXONOMIC STATUS OF CUCUJUS CLAVIPES WITH DESCRIPTIONS OF THE LARVAE OF C. C. CLAVIPES AND C. C. PUNICEUS (COLEOPTERA: CUCUJIDAE) JONGEUN LEE1 AND MICHAEL C. THOMAS2 1Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, 760749 E-mail: Korea [email protected] 2Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Division of Plant Industry, Gainesville, Florida 326147100, USA E-mail: michael.thomas@freshfromflorida.com ABSTRACT The larvae of Cucujus c. clavipes Fabricius and C. c. puniceus Mannerheim are fully de- scribed and illustrated in detail for the first time. Based on larval and adult morphology the present recognition of two subspecies is maintained. Key Words: taxonomy, Cucujus, larva, North America RESUMEN Por primera vez se describen e ilustran las larvas de Cucujus c. clavipes Fabricius y C. c. pu- niceus Mannerheim. Basándose en la morfología larval, se acepta el reconocimiento de las dos subespecies. Translation provided by the authors. Cucujus clavipes Fabricius (1781) was de- (1931) described Cucujus clavipes subnitens as a scribed from “America boreali.” Cucujus pu- variety from Arizona and Utah. Thomas (1993) in a niceus Mannerheim (1843) was described from list of Nearctic Cucujidae treated C. puniceus as a “insula Sitkha”, now Baranof Island in south- subspecies of C. clavipes and Schaeffer’s taxon as a eastern Alaska and the site of the modern city variety as previously described. of Sitka. Both descriptions are of adults only, In an effort to resolve the status of Cucujus are based on the adult stage and are brief and clavipes we examined adults and larvae from both relatively uninformative. Of C. clavipes, Fabri- eastern and western North America. cius wrote: “ruber, thorace fuscato, femoribus clavatis rufis” (red, thorax dark, femora clavate, Larvae red); of C. puniceus, Mannerheim wrote: “elong- atus, depressus, laete sanguineus, antennis ni- Larvae of Japanese Cucujus coccinatus grofuscis, pectore abdomineque rufoferrugineis, Lewis were described and illustrated by Ha- thorax subrotundato, lateribus leviter denticu- yashi (1980, 1986) and the larva of C. mniszechi lato, supra obsolete bisulcato” (Elongate, de- Grouvelle was described by Lee and Sato pressed, rich red, antennae nigro-fuscus, abdo- (2007). men rufo-ferrugineous; thorax rounded, later- Larvae of C. clavipes Fabricius were briefly and ally weakly denticulate, above obsoletely bisul- partially illustrated (head and mandible) by Bøv- cate). ing and Craighead (1931) and Klausnitzer (2001). LeConte (1854, 1861, 1863) consistently treated Peterson (1951) provided extensive illustrations of C. puniceus as a valid species. Casey (1884) re- C. clavipes but provided only a brief description. In duced it to a variety of C. clavipes and said of it: neither case was the origin of the specimen illus- “The body is more elongated, and usually of a trated provided. Lawrence (1991) re-used Peter- brighter color. The first joint of the antennae is son’s illustrations and added scanning electron mi- usually of a dark testaceous, while in clavipes it is crographs of mouthparts of a specimen from Cali- black. The antennae are slightly longer, and the fornia. The larva of both North American subspe- neck slightly narrower in puniceus.” Leng (1920) cies of C. clavipes Fabricius are fully illustrated treated C. puniceus as either a variety or subspe- and described for the first time in the present pa- cies of C. clavipes [In the Leng Catalogue, a let- per. The larva of C. clavipes is similar to C. mnisze- tered taxon following a numbered species name chi (Lee and Sato 2007), but can be distinguished could be “. variety, subspecies, race, etc.” (Leng by absence of a distinct epicranial stem and pres- 1920: v)] and Hetschko (1930) followed Casey in ence of a sharp prostheca. In C. mniszechi the epi- treating it as a variety of C. clavipes. Schaeffer cranial stem is present and the prostheca is blunt. 146 Florida Entomologist 94(2) June 2011 Larvae of C. clavipes are reported to be preda- suture complete. Labrum (Fig. 1G) free, with 3 ceous (Smith and Sears 1982) or facultatively pre- pairs of setae and anterior border fimbriate. daceous (Lawrence 1991). Their extreme cold tol- Epipharynx glabrous medially, with 5 anterior se- erance, which increases with increasing latitude, tae on each side. Antennae 3segmented, ratio of has been extensively studied (Sformo et al. 2010, lengths of antennomeres 1, 2, and 3 about 1.0: 1.2: and references therein). 1.0. Mandibles (Fig. 1H) heavily sclerotized, sym- metrical, apices bidentate with a smaller subapi- MATERIALS AND METHODS cal tooth; with 2 dorsolateral mandibular setae; prostheca acuminate, spinelike, with a broad The larvae were preserved in 70% ethyl alco- base; mola with numerous setae medially and hol, cleared in 10% KOH solution for 1 hour, penicillus posteriorly (The scanning electron mi- rinsed in water, and dissected under a stereo- crographs in Lawrence (1991: 464, figs. 34.528, c- scopic microscope (Leica® MS5). Slide mounting f) show a conspicuous patch of microtrichia on procedures were carried out according to LeSage both the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the man- (1984), and the larval terminology follows dible near the base; these are virtually invisible Lawrence (1991). Specimens were measured with in liquid and are not illustrated here). Maxilla an ocular micrometer and the measurements (Fig. 1E) with cardo triangular, divided by an in- were transferred to graph paper. The illustrations ternal ridge, basal portion trapezoidal, 1 moder- were then sketched in pencil, the sketches inked, ately elongate seta near latero-basal margin; sti- and assembled into plates, which were optically pes elongate; mala falciform with 5 apical spines scanned and cleaned up in a graphics editor. Spec- and a medial brush composed of several thick se- imens examined are deposited in the Florida tae; maxillary palpus 3segmented, segment 1 ase- State Collection of Arthropods (FSCA) and the tose, segment 2 with 2 setae, segment 3 with 4 University of Alberta E. H. Strickland Entomo- minute apical setae. Labium (Fig. 1F) with con- logical Museum (UASM). spicuous mentum and prementum; mentum about as long as wide, with 2 pairs of setae and Descriptions prementum with 1 pair of setae and 1 pair of sen- silla; ligula rounded anteriorly, 1 pair of setae and microtrichia anteriorly; labial palpi 2-segmented Cucujus clavipes clavipes Fabricius, 1781 (Fig. 1 AJ) and widely separated at base. Thorax: Meso and metathorax tergites, and Diagnosis: See this section under C. c. puniceus. abdominal tergites and ventrites 18 each with 1 transverse ridge near anterior margin, ridge on Material examined: 37 total from: INDIANA: ventral surface of abdominal segment 1 lightly Morgan Co.: Martinsville (10); Tippecanoe Co. (1); sclerotized. Prothorax subquadrate, transverse, OHIO: Champaign Co. (1); Columbiana Co. (1); 0.5 times as long as wide, sides slightly curved, WISCONSIN: Calumet Co.: Forest Junction (1); dorsal surface smooth; prosternal surface smooth, Ingham Co.: Dansville State Game Area (1); Sha- 3 setae (1 elongate) at anterolateral angles and 2 wano Co.: Shawano (16); Shawnee Co.: Tilleda (6) short setae at posterolateral angles; prosternum (all deposited in the FSCA). trapezoidal, sides oblique, posterior margin Description: Late instar (Fig. 1A). Body 22.0 - straight, pair of medial setae present posterior to 26.0 mm long, elongate, subparallel, strongly dor- posterior margin of presternum. Meso- and met- soventrally flattened with strongly forked median athorax transverse, both 0.5 times as long as process at abdominal apex (Fig. 1A). Head and wide, sides curved, dorsal surface of both tergites abdominal segment 8 moderately sclerotized, yel- smooth with 3 short setae at anterolateral angles lowishbrown to brown, tergite of abdominal seg- and 2 short setae at posterolateral angles; both ment 9 strongly sclerotized and brown. sterna without well-defined subdivisions, each Head (Fig. 1B): prognathous, strongly trans- smooth with a pair of discal setae near anterior verse and dorsoventrally flattened. Lateral mar- margin; spiracular sclerite projecting strongly gin rounded. Median endocarina absent; epicra- from lateral margin, spiracles (Fig. 1C) annular nial stem present but very short; frontal sutures and angled posterolaterally. Legs (Fig. 1D) mod- lyriform, strongly curved; bases contiguous. St- erately long, 5segmented; claw falciform, large. emmata well-developed, 6 on each side of head Abdomen: Segments 17 transverse, tergite (Peterson (1951) reported 5 on each side; we count surface smooth with 2 setae anterior to spiracles 6 but 1 is small and difficult to see). Frontoclypeal and 2 setae posterior to spiracles; ventrite surface suture absent. Fronotoclypeal region with 3 long with 3 setae, 2 anteriorly and 1 posteriorly. Seg- setae anterior to angles of frontal arms, 1 pair an- ment 8 slightly enlarged, tergite (Fig. 1I) with a terior to the apex of the frontal arms on each side stout spicule at each posterolateral margin, pos- of the head, 1 pair medially between the frontal terolateral angles with 4 long and 4 short setae, 3 arms, and 1 pair at the apex of the frontoclypeal pairs of short setae anteromedially; sternite (Fig. region near the clypeolabral suture. Clypeolabral 1J) with 7 pairs of setae and with large stout pro- Lee & Thomas: Taxonomic Status of Cucujus clavipes 147 Fig. 1. Larva of Cucujus c. clavipes. A, habitus, dorsal view; B, head, dorsal view; C, A7 spiracle, D, prothoracic leg; E, left maxilla, dorsal view; F, labium, ventral view; G, labrum, dorsal view; H, left mandible, dorsal view; I, ab- dominal segments 89, dorsal view; J, same, ventral view. 148 Florida Entomologist 94(2) June 2011 cess posteriorly with many minute setae apically. segment 1 asetose, segment 2 with 3 setae, seg- Tergum 9 with a basally forked process, directed ment 3 with 1 seta and 4 minute apical setae. La- dorsad; base of process with a pair of short, api- bium (Fig.
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