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Identifikasi Sektor Ekonomi Unggulan Di Kabupaten Mimika Provinsi Papua

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Identifikasi Sektor Ekonomi Unggulan Di Kabupaten Mimika Provinsi Papua JURNAL KRITIS VOLUME I NOMOR 2 EDISI OKTOBER 2017 ISSN 2579 - 7875 IDENTIFIKASI SEKTOR EKONOMI UNGGULAN DI KABUPATEN MIMIKA PROVINSI PAPUA Abu Bakar Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Jambatan Bulan Timika Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT The aims of this research are: (1) analyze the growth classification of economic sectors in the Mimika Regency; (2) analyze the basic sector of the economy in the Mimika Regency; (3) analyzing the share and shifts in the economy sector Mimika Regency. This study uses secondary data obtained from BPS-Statistics Papua Province, BPS-Statistics Mimika, and Department of Planning and Regional Development Mimika. Data were analyzed using analysis Klassen Typology, Location Quotient, and Shift-Share analysis. The results of this research show that: (1) Sector classified as an developed sector in the Mimika Regency is Electricity and Gas sector, sector of Accomodation, Food and Beverages. (2) Sectors is a basic sector in Mimika is the sector of Agriculture, Forestry and Fishery, sector of Electricity and Gas, sector Water, Waste Management, cesspit and recycling, Construction sector, the sector of Wholesale and Retail trade, Cars and Motorcycles Reparations, sectors Transportation and Warehousing, sector of Accommodation, Food and Beverages, sector Information and Communications, Fnance and insurance sector, Real Estate, Public administration, defense, and compulsory social security, and sector Other Services. (3) The sectors that have competitive advantages (D) in Mimika are sectors of Manufacturing industry, Electricity and Gas sector, sector of Accommodation, food and beverages. (4) By combining the results of the analysis Klassen Typology, Location Quotient, and Shift Share, then the sectors which are the leading sectors in the Mimika Regency is the Electricity and Gas sector, sector of Accommodation, food and beverages. Keyword: Leading Economic Sectors, Growth Classification Of Economic Sectors, Basic Sector, Share And Shifts In The Economy Sector. PENDAHULUAN masyarakatnya harus bersama- Setiap upaya pembangunan sama mengambil inisiatif ekonomi daerah mempunyai pembangunan ekonomi daerah. tujuan utama untuk meningkatkan Oleh karena itu, pemerintah kesejahteraan masyarakat daerah. daerah beserta partisipasi Dalam upaya mencapai tujuan masyarakatnya dan dengan tersebut, pemerintah dan menggunakan setiap sumberdaya Analisis Perbedaan Pendapatan Petani ………….………………………. Vivilian Bahir, Stepanus Sandy 1 JURNAL KRITIS VOLUME I NOMOR 2 EDISI OKTOBER 2017 ISSN 2579 - 7875 yang ada harus mampu menaksir Salah satu indikator untuk potensi setiap sumberdaya yang mengetahui kondisi ekonomi suatu diperlukan untuk merancang dan daerah dalam suatu periode membangun perekonomian tertentu ditunjukkan oleh Produk daerah. Domestik Regional Bruto (PDRB). Kabupaten Mimika di Nilai PDRB Kabupaten Mimika Provinsi Papua yang lahir selama periode 2011-2015 sangat berdasarkan Peraturan berfluktuasi. Naik turunnya nilai Pemerintah Nomor 54 Tahun 1996 PDRB Kabupaten Mimika ini sebagai Kabupaten Administratif, disebabkan oleh naik turunnya yang kemudian berdasarkan nilai tambah produksi barang dan Undang-Undang Nomor 45 Tahun jasa pada sektor Pertambangan 1999 menjadi Kabupaten Otonom, dan Penggalian yang merupakan kini pembangunannya sedang sektor dengan kontribusi terbesar gencar dilakukan. Gencarnya terhadap PDRB Kabupaten pembangunan yang dilakukan Mimika. Selama periode 2011- karena Kabupaten Mimika 2015, kontribusi sektor ini terus berpotensi menjadi daerah mengalami penurunan. Kontribusi penyangga bagi kabupaten lainnya sektor ini menurun dari 88,52 di wilayah pegunungan dan pantai persen di tahun 2011 menjadi di kawasan selatan dan timur 83,88 persen di tahun 2015 (BPS Provinsi Papua. Dengan didukung Kabupaten Mimika, 2016). Jika dengan sarana dan prasarana tanpa memasukan sektor transportasi seperti Bandara Pertambangan dan Penggalian, Internasional Moses Kilangin dan maka kontribusi sektor ekonomi Pelabuhan Pomako menyebabkan yang terbesar dalam membentuk aksesibilitas yang semakin PDRB Kabupaten Mimika adalah terbuka. Hal ini kian meningkatkan sektor Konstruksi dengan mobilitas penduduk dan kontribusi sebesar 16,76 persen di barang/jasa ke Kabupaten Mimika. tahun 2011, dan meningkat Kabupaten Mimika yang menjadi 18,13 persen pada tahun memiliki letak yang begitu strategis 2015 (BPS Kabupaten Mimika, dan potensi wilayah yang 2016). Jika ditinjau dari laju memadai menyebabkan kebijakan pertumbuhan riil PDRB Kabupaten pembangunan daerah ini tidak Mimika, pada tahun 2015 sektor dapat secara langsung dengan pertumbuhan tertinggi mengadopsi kebijakan daerah lain, dicapai oleh sektor Konstruksi provinsi maupun nasional. sebesar 11,86 persen (BPS Kebijakan yang diambil haruslah Kabupaten Mimika, 2016). sesuai dengan potensi yang ada, Dengan makin cenderung kebutuhan, dan masalah yang menurunnya kontribusi dan laju dihadapi oleh daerah. Oleh karena pertumbuhan sektor itu pengidentifikasian terhadap Pertambangan dan Penggalian potensi ekonomi daerah sangat dalam PDRB Kabupaten Mimika, penting untuk dilakukan. maka Kabupaten Mimika perlu Identifikasi Sektor Ekonomi Unggulan………….……………… ………………………..……….Abu Bakar 2 JURNAL KRITIS VOLUME I NOMOR 2 EDISI OKTOBER 2017 ISSN 2579 - 7875 mengubah paradigma prioritas (Rachbini, 2001:54), pembangunan ekonomi yang yakni: (1) sektor tersebut harus dipimpin sektor Pertambangan dan menghasilkan produk yang Penggalian menjadi sektor lain mempunyai permintaan yang yang mampu mendorong laju cukup besar, sehingga laju pertumbuhan ekonomi yang lebih pertumbuhan berkembang cepat berkelanjutan. Pengembangan akibat dari efek permintaan sektor unggulan di luar sektor tersebut; (2) karena ada Pertambangan dan Penggalian di perubahan teknologi yang Kabupaten Mimika merupakan teradopsi secara kreatif, maka upaya mutlak yang harus fungsi produksi baru bergeser dilakukan dalam pencapaian dengan pengembangan kapasitas pertumbuhan ekonomi Kabupaten yang lebih luas; (3) harus terjadi Mimika. Untuk itu, analisis dalam peningkatan investasi kembali dari penelitian ini akan mengeluarkan hasil-hasil produksi sektor yang sektor Pertambangan dan menjadi prioritas tersebut, baik Penggalian dengan tujuan agar swasta maupun pemerintah; (4) dapat mengidentifikasi sektor- sektor tersebut harus berkembang, sektor unggulan lain di sehingga mampu memberi Kabupaaten Mimika. pengaruh terhadap sektor-sektor lainnya. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA Konsep Pembangunan Ekonomi Sektor Unggulan Pembangunan ekonomi Pengertian sektor unggulan memiliki pengertian yang sangat biasanya berkaitan dengan suatu luas. Secara tradisional perbandingan, baik itu pembangunan dipandang sebagai perbandingan berskala regional, suatu fenomena ekonomi yang nasional maupun internasional. diukur berdasarkan tingkat Pada lingkup internasional, suatu pertumbuhan ekonomi. sektor dikatakan unggulan jika Persepektif mengenai tujuan dan sektor tersebut mampu bersaing makna pembangunan kemudian dengan sektor yang sama dengan berkembang menjadi lebih luas negara lain. Sedangkan pada lagi. Pada hakekatnya lingkup nasional, suatu sektor pembangunan harus dapat dikategorikan sebagai sektor mencerminkan perubahan total unggulan apabila sektor di wilayah suatu masyarakat atau tertentu mampu bersaing dengan penyesuaian sistem sosial secara sektor yang sama yang dihasilkan keseluruhan, tanpa mengabaikan oleh wilayah lain, baik di pasar keragaman kebutuhan dasar dan nasional ataupun domestik keinginan individual maupun (Lantemona, Kalangi dan kelompok sosial yang ada di Naukoko, 2014). dalamnya untuk bergerak maju Ada empat syarat agar suatu menuju suatu kehidupan yang sektor tertentu menjadi sektor serba lebih baik secara material Identifikasi Sektor Ekonomi Unggulan………….……………… ………………………..……….Abu Bakar 3 JURNAL KRITIS VOLUME I NOMOR 2 EDISI OKTOBER 2017 ISSN 2579 - 7875 maupun spiritual. Oleh karena itu, kelembagaan di segala bidang indikator pembangunan tidak (misalnya ekonomi, politik, hukum, hanya diukur dari pertumbuhan sosial, dan budaya). PDRB maupun PDRB perkapita, tetapi juga indikator lainnya Konsep Pertumbuhan Ekonomi seperti ketenagakerjaan, Pertumbuhan ekonomi pendidikan, distribusi pendapatan, mencerminkan kegiatan ekonomi. dan jumlah penduduk miskin. Hal Perekonomian suatu negara ini sesuai dengan paradigma dianggap berhasil atau tidak dalam pembanguan modern yang mulai program pembangunan dinilai mengedapankan pengentasan berdasarkan tinggi rendahnya kemiskinan, penurunan tingkat pertumbuhan ekonomi. ketimpangan distribusi Dengan demikian pertumbuhan pendapatan, serta penurunan ekonomi merupakan salah satu tingkat pengangguran (Todaro indikator penting untuk dan Smith, 2006:103). menganalisis pembangunan suatu Pembangunan ekonomi negara atau daerah. Pengejaran dapat didefinisikan sebagai setiap pertumbuhan merupakan tema kegiatan yang dilakukan suatu sentral dalam kehidupan ekonomi negara dalam rangka semua negara di dunia dewasa ini mengembangkan kegiatan (Todaro, 2000: 136). ekonomi dan taraf hidup Pertumbuhan ekonomi masyarakatnya. Dengan adanya secara sederhana dapat dimaknai batasan tersebut, maka sebagai pertambahan output atau pembangunan ekonomi pada pendapatan nasional keseluruhan umumnya dapat didefinisikan dalam kurun waktu tertentu sebagai suatu proses yang (Prasetyo dalam Pujoalwanto, menyebabkan kenaikan 2014:15). Perekonomian suatu pendapatan riil perkapita negara dikatakan mengalami penduduk suatu negara dalam pertumbuhan jika jumlah balas jangka panjang yang disertai oleh jasa riil terhadap penggunaan perbaikan sistem kelembagaan faktor-faktor
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