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Archives and Human Rights
12 Truth, memory, and reconciliation in post- communist societies The Romanian experience and the Securitate archives Marius Stan and Vladimir Tismaneanu Introduction Coming to terms with the past, confronting its legacies and burden, was the inevitable starting point for the new democracies of Eastern Europe. Thirty years after the fall of communism, both public intellectuals and scholars face a fundamental question: how can truth and justice be rein- stated in a post-totalitarian community without the emergence of what Nietzsche called the “reek of cruelty”? In 2006, for the first time in Roma- nia’s contemporary history, the Presidential Commission for the Analysis of the Communist Dictatorship in Romania (PCACDR) rejected outright the practices of institutionalized forgetfulness and generated a national debate about long-denied and concealed moments of the communist past (includ- ing instances of collaboration, complicity, etc.). One of these authors (VT) had the honor of being appointed Chair of this state-body. He was one of the co- coordinators of its Final Report.1 Generally speaking, decommuni- zation is, in its essence, a moral, political, and intellectual process.2 The PCACDR Report answered a fundamental necessity, characteristic of the post-authoritarian world, that of moral clarity. Only memory and history can furnish responsibility, justice, retribution, and repentance. Reconcilia- tion and the healing of a nation plagued by the traumatic quagmire of Evil depend on the recognition and non-negotiability of human dignity as a pri- mordial moral truth of the new society. Context In January 2007, Romania acceded to the European Union, a few years after having entered the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). -
Communism and Post-Communism in Romania : Challenges to Democratic Transition
TITLE : COMMUNISM AND POST-COMMUNISM IN ROMANIA : CHALLENGES TO DEMOCRATIC TRANSITION AUTHOR : VLADIMIR TISMANEANU, University of Marylan d THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FO R EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARC H TITLE VIII PROGRA M 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D .C . 20036 LEGAL NOTICE The Government of the District of Columbia has certified an amendment of th e Articles of Incorporation of the National Council for Soviet and East European Research changing the name of the Corporation to THE NATIONAL COUNCIL FOR EURASIAN AND EAST EUROPEAN RESEARCH, effective on June 9, 1997. Grants, contracts and all other legal engagements of and with the Corporation made unde r its former name are unaffected and remain in force unless/until modified in writin g by the parties thereto . PROJECT INFORMATION : 1 CONTRACTOR : University of Marylan d PR1NCIPAL 1NVEST1GATOR : Vladimir Tismanean u COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 81 1-2 3 DATE : March 26, 1998 COPYRIGHT INFORMATIO N Individual researchers retain the copyright on their work products derived from research funded by contract with the National Council for Eurasian and East European Research . However, the Council and the United States Government have the right to duplicate an d disseminate, in written and electronic form, this Report submitted to the Council under thi s Contract, as follows : Such dissemination may be made by the Council solely (a) for its ow n internal use, and (b) to the United States Government (1) for its own internal use ; (2) for further dissemination to domestic, international and foreign governments, entities an d individuals to serve official United States Government purposes ; and (3) for dissemination i n accordance with the Freedom of Information Act or other law or policy of the United State s Government granting the public rights of access to documents held by the United State s Government. -
The Extreme Right in Contemporary Romania
INTERNATIONAL POLICY ANALYSIS The Extreme Right in Contemporary Romania RADU CINPOEª October 2012 n In contrast to the recent past of the country, there is a low presence of extreme right groups in the electoral competition of today’s Romania. A visible surge in the politi- cal success of such parties in the upcoming parliamentary elections of December 2012 seems to be unlikely. This signals a difference from the current trend in other European countries, but there is still potential for the growth of extremism in Roma- nia aligning it with the general direction in Europe. n Racist, discriminatory and intolerant attitudes are present within society. Casual intol- erance is widespread and racist or discriminatory statements often go unpunished. In the absence of a desire by politicians to lead by example, it is left to civil society organisations to pursue an educative agenda without much state-driven support. n Several prominent members of extreme right parties found refuge in other political forces in the last years. These cases of party migration make it hard to believe that the extreme views held by some of these ex-leaders of right-wing extremism have not found support in the political parties where they currently operate. The fact that some of these individuals manage to rally electoral support may in fact suggest that this happens precisely because of their original views and attitudes, rather than in spite of them. RADU CINPOEª | THE EXTREME RIGHT IN CONTEMPORARY ROMANIA Contents 1. Introduction. 3 2. Extreme Right Actors ...................................................4 2.1 The Greater Romania Party ..............................................4 2.2 The New Generation Party – Christian Democratic (PNG-CD) .....................6 2.3 The Party »Everything for the Country« (TPŢ) ................................7 2.4 The New Right (ND) Movement and the Nationalist Party .......................8 2.5 The Influence of the Romanian Orthodox Church on the Extreme Right Discourse .....8 3. -
East European Constitutional Review
TITLE : EAST EUROPEAN CONSTITUTIONAL REVIE W FALL 1993, WINTER 1994 AUTHOR: STEPHEN HOLMES, EDITOR in CHIEF UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO LAW SCHOOL THE NATIONAL COUNCI L FOR SOVIET AND EAST EUROPEA N RESEARC H TITLE VIII PROGRA M 1755 Massachusetts Avenue, N .W . Washington, D .C . 20036 NCSEER NOT E The quarterly journal East European Constitutional Review, is published by th e Center for the Study of Constitutionalism in Eastern Europe at the University o f Chicago Law School, and has been delivered by the Editor in Chief to the Counci l under contract 808-05 for reproduction and supplementary distribution to it s readers who are not on the Center's subscription list . Readers who already receive a copy directly from the Center are requested to notify the Council (202) 387-0168 . PROJECT INFORMATION : " CONTRACTOR : University of Chicag o PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR : Stephen Holme s COUNCIL CONTRACT NUMBER : 808-0 5 DATE : February 16, 199 4 COPYRIGHT INFORMATIO N Individual researchers retain the copyright on work products derived from research funded b y Council Contract. The Council and the U.S. Government have the right to duplicate written reports and other materials submitted under Council Contract and to distribute such copies within th e Council and U.S. Government for their own use, and to draw upon such reports and materials fo r their own studies; but the Council and U.S. Government do not have the right to distribute, o r make such reports and materials available, outside the Council or U .S. Government without th e written consent of the authors, except as may be required under the provisions of the Freedom o f Information Act 5 U.S.C. -
World Bank Document
SR4 Safeguards Diagnostic Review Public Disclosure Authorized for Piloting the Use of Romanian Systems to Address Environmental and Social Safeguard Issues in the Proposed World Bank-Assisted Public Disclosure Authorized Romania Municipal Services Project and Transport Sector Support Project Public Disclosure Authorized Equivalence and Acceptability Assessment Report May, 2006 Public Disclosure Authorized Table of Contents ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS .......................................................................................................................................... IV ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS .......................................................................................................................... V EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .......................................................................................................................................... VI Introduction .............................................................................................................................................vi Equivalence and Acceptability Assessment: Principal Observations ......................................................vi Principal Observations – Dam Safety.......................................................................................................x Principal Observations – Other Issues .....................................................................................................x Conclusions...............................................................................................................................................x -
See Mab Committees
LIST OF MAB COMMITTEES IN SOUTH EAST EUROPE Armenia Dr. Armen Saghatelyan Chairperson Center for Ecological-Noosphere Studies National Academy of Sciences of Republic of Armenia 68 Abovyan Str. 375025 Yerevan Tel: (374.1) 569 331 Fax: (374.1) 580 254 E-mail: [email protected] Web: National Academy of Sciences Bulgaria Vladimir Vladimirov Secretary Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 23, Acad. G. Bonchev Street 1113 Sofia Tel: (359.2) 979 2157 Fax: (359.2) 71 90 32 E-mail: [email protected] Bulgaria Vladimir Vladimirov Secretary Institute of Botany, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences 23, Acad. G. Bonchev Street 1113 Sofia Tel: (359.2) 979 2157 Fax: (359.2) 71 90 32 E-mail: [email protected] Croatia Ms Ana Strbenac Secretary Ministry of Environmental Protection and Physical Planning Nature Protection Division, Biological and Landscape Diversity Conservation Department Vukovarska 78 10000 Zagreb Tel: (385.1) 6106 522 (385.1) 6106 539 Fax: (385.1) 6118 388 E-mail: [email protected] Czech Republic Dr Eva Jelinkova Secretary Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Centre of Administration and Operations Národni 3 110 00 Praha 1 Tel: (420.2) 21 40 34 20 Fax: (420.2) 24 24 05 31 E-mail: [email protected] Web: Czech MAB National Committee Georgia Academician Tsotne Mirtskhulava Chairperson Academy of Sciences Rustaveli Ave., 52 380008 Tbilisi 8 Tel: (995.32) 22 40 94 Fax: (995.32) 99 88 23 E-mail: [email protected] Moldova Alexei Andreev Secretary Academy of Sciences Department of Invertebrates, Institute of Zoology P.O. -
Post-Communist Romania
Political Science • Eastern Europe Carey Edited by Henry F. Carey Foreword by Norman Manea “Henry Carey’s collection captures with great precision the complex, contradic- tory reality of contemporary Romania. Bringing together Romanian, West European, and American authors from fields as diverse as anthropology, politi- Romania cal science, economics, law, print and broadcast journalism, social work, and lit- ROMANIA SINCE 1989 erature, the volume covers vast ground, but with striking detail and scholarship and a common core approach. Romania since 1989 provides perhaps the most comprehensive view of the continuing, murky, contested reality that is Romania today and is a must read for any scholar of modern Romania, of East-Central Europe, and of the uncertain, troubled, post-socialist era.” since 1989 —David A. Kideckel, Central Connecticut State University Sorin Antohi “The wealth of detail and quality of insights will make this an excellent source- Wally Bacon book for students of political change after the Cold War. It should be taken seri- Gabriel Ba˘ descu ously by policy practitioners increasingly involved with Romania’s problems.” Zoltan Barany —Tom Gallagher, Professor of Peace Studies, Bradford University, U.K. Politics, Jóhanna Kristín Birnir Larry S. Bush Those who study Romania must confront the theoretical challenges posed by a Economics, Pavel Câmpeanu country that is undergoing a profound transformation from a repressive totali- Henry F. Carey tarian regime to a hazy and as yet unrealized democratic government. The most and Society Daniel Da˘ ianu comprehensive survey of Romanian politics and society ever published abroad, Dennis Deletant this volume represents an effort to collect and analyze data on the complex prob- Christopher Eisterhold lems of Romania’s past and its transition into an uncertain future. -
Romania Assessment
Romania, Country Information Page 1 of 52 ROMANIA October 2002 Country Information and Policy Unit I SCOPE OF DOCUMENT II GEOGRAPHY III ECONOMY IV HISTORY V STATE STRUCTURE VIA. HUMAN RIGHTS ISSUES VIB. HUMAN RIGHTS - SPECIFIC GROUPS VIC. HUMAN RIGHTS - OTHER ISSUES ANNEX A: CHRONOLOGY ANNEX B: POLITICAL ORGANISATION ANNEX C: PROMINENT PEOPLE REFRENCES TO SOURCE MATERIAL 1. SCOPE OF DOCUMENT 1.1 This assessment has been produced by the Country Information and Policy Unit, Immigration and Nationality Directorate, Home Office, from information obtained from a wide variety of recognised sources. The document does not contain any Home Office opinion or policy. 1.2 The assessment has been prepared for background purposes for those involved in the asylum / human rights determination process. The information it contains is not exhaustive. It concentrates on the issues most commonly raised in asylum / human rights claims made in the United Kingdom. 1.3 The assessment is sourced throughout. It is intended to be used by caseworkers as a signpost to the source material, which has been made available to them. The vast majority of the source material is readily available in the public domain. 1.4 It is intended to revise the assessment on a six-monthly basis while the country remains within the top 35 asylum-seeker producing countries in the United Kingdom. 2. GEOGRAPHY http://194.203.40.90/ppage.asp?section=189&title=Romania%2C%20Country%20Informat...i 11/25/2002 Romania, Country Information Page 2 of 52 2.1 Romania (formerly the Socialist Republic of Romania) lies in south-eastern Europe; much of the country forms the Balkan peninsula. -
FINAL REPORT International Commission on the Holocaust In
FINAL REPORT of the International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania Presented to Romanian President Ion Iliescu November 11, 2004 Bucharest, Romania NOTE: The English text of this Report is currently in preparation for publication. © International Commission on the Holocaust in Romania. All rights reserved. DISTORTION, NEGATIONISM, AND MINIMALIZATION OF THE HOLOCAUST IN POSTWAR ROMANIA Introduction This chapter reviews and analyzes the different forms of Holocaust distortion, denial, and minimalization in post-World War II Romania. It must be emphasized from the start that the analysis is based on the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum’s definition of the Holocaust, which Commission members accepted as authoritative soon after the Commission was established. This definition1 does not leave room for doubt about the state-organized participation of Romania in the genocide against the Jews, since during the Second World War, Romania was among those allies and a collaborators of Nazi Germany that had a systematic plan for the persecution and annihilation of the Jewish population living on territories under their unmitigated control. In Romania’s specific case, an additional “target-population” subjected to or destined for genocide was the Romany minority. This chapter will employ an adequate conceptualization, using both updated recent studies on the Holocaust in general and new interpretations concerning this genocide in particular. Insofar as the employed conceptualization is concerned, two terminological clarifications are in order. First, “distortion” refers to attempts to use historical research on the dimensions and significance of the Holocaust either to diminish its significance or to serve political and propagandistic purposes. Although its use is not strictly confined to the Communist era, the term “distortion” is generally employed in reference to that period, during which historical research was completely subjected to controls by the Communist Party’s political censorship. -
SIMPOZIONUL Ştiinţe Exacte Şi Mai Puţin Exacte (Ediţia a Xva)
Cucuteni – 5000 REDIVIVUS SIMPOZIONUL Ştiinţe exacte şi mai puţin exacte (ediţia a XVa) Culegere de lucrări 1 Cucuteni – 5000 REDIVIVUS Organizatori: Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei; Forul Democrat al Românilor din Moldova (FDRM); Universitatea Tehnică „Gh. Asachi”, Iaşi; Universitatea „V. Alecsandri”, Bacău; Universitatea „Ştefan cel Mare”, Suceava; Academia de Ştiinţe Tehnice din România (ASTR); Muzeul Serviciului Vamal al Republicii Moldova; Asociaţia Culturală Pro Basarabia şi Bucovina; Complexul Muzeal Naţional „Moldova” Iaşi. Comitetul de Program Cantemir Lorin, prof.dr.ing., D.H.C. multiplu, Universitatea Tehnică „Gh.Asachi”, Iaşi, România Bostan Ion, Academician, Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei Dabija Nicolae, academician, Preşedinte al Forului Democrat al Românilor din Moldova Dulgheru Valeriu, prof.dr.hab., şef departament, Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei Bulat Nicolae, Director al Muzeului de Istorie şi Etnografie „Cetatea Soroca” Manole Ilie, conf.univ.dr. şef Program, Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei Zaporojan Sergiu, conf.univ.dr. şef Departament, Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei Stratan Zinaida, director Biblioteca, Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei. Puiu Vasile, prof. dr.ing., Universitatea „V. Alecsandri”, Bacău, România Ianuș Gelu, conf.dr., decan, Universitatea Tehnică „Gh. Asachi”, Iași Olaru Dumitru, prof.dr.ing. Universitatea Tehnică „Gh. Asachi”, Iași Dântu Sergiu, dr.,conf.univ. decan, Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei Costin Petru, director Muzeul Istoriei al Serviciului Vamal al Republicii Moldova Cobzac Victor, artist plastic, prof., Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei Botin Tudor, prof., Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei Vaculenco Maxim, dr.conf.univ., Universitatea Tehnică a Moldovei Daud Vasile, dr., Institutul de Energetică, Academia de Științe a Moldovei Dincă Florin Daniel, drd, Univ. „Ştefan cel Mare”, Suceava Dorogan Andrei, drd, UTM, Chişinău Zgherea Marcel, artist folk, Republica Moldova Cazacu Alexandru, artist al Poporului, Republica Moldova 3 Cucuteni – 5000 REDIVIVUS Comitetul de onoare Prof. -
Spring 2013 a Letter from the President in This Issue
NewsletterEUSJA of the European Union of Science Journalists’ News Associations Spring 2013 A letter from the President In this issue A letter from the President p 1 Keep up with change A Science Media Centre am sure most of you know that the UK’s BBC has been under attack for what has for ERA? p 2 been described by the chairman of the BBC Trust, Sir Chris Patten, as “its shoddy I journalism”. Why science journalists must He says that the worldwide reputation the Corporation achieved for its first class jour- nalism has been seriously compromised by basic mistakes, and he is deeply ashamed and be vigilant p 2 apologetic. Basically the Beeb, as it has been affectionately known here in the UK, has become embroiled in a huge scandal that links one of its best known presenters, the late Ministers in South-East Europe urged Sir Jimmy Savile, with alleged massive paedophile activity over many decades, some of it to support science journalism p 3 on BBC premises. With continuing huge interest in sex scandals on social networks (and perhaps attempt- ing to recoup some of its tarnished reputation), the BBC’s respected Newsnight pro- The passionate: interview gramme intimated that a certain Thatcher-era establishment figure had been involved in with Angela Posada-Swafford p 4 paedophile activity during the 1980s. The programme took its information from external sources and failed to contact the individual concerned for his comments. Nor did it bother to check the material it was given. Although the programme didn’t name the Sad news p 6 individual concerned, there was plenty of innuendo sloshing around on social networking sites that identified him. -
Congress 4 No 2.Indd
The Abuse of Holocaust Memory: Distortions and Responses by Manfred Gerstenfeld (Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, 2009), 243 pages Reviewed by Juliana Geran Pilon Director, Center for Culture and Security, Institute of World Politics Washington, DC As the direct witnesses are slowly leaving us for the ultimate darkness, the memory of mankind’s descent into hell known as the Holocaust seems increasingly fragile. It may seem incredible that such a seismic event that nearly succeeded in extinguishing the Jewish people should be subject to crass political manipulation, but so it is. That should come as no greater surprise than the mind-numbing horror of the original crimes themselves. But in his foreword to this useful volume, Abraham Foxman, president of the Anti-Defamation League, is correct to note that complacency is not an option. For if we fail to expose and confront the lies about and distortions of the heinous crimes committed by the Nazis and their collaborators, “the six million Jewish victims of the Holocaust will perish a second time.” The book’s author, Manfred Gerstenfeld, chairman of the Board of Fellows at the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs (JCPA) and editor of the Jewish Political Studies Review, is also co-publisher of Post-Holocaust and Anti-Semitism. As the book amply demonstrates, the perpetrators of that denial include not only political figures like the infamous semi-literate president of Iran, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, and the Nicaraguan president of the UN General Assembly, Miguel d’Escoto Brockmann, but religious figuressuchasBishopRichardWilliamson,avarietyofacademics—not only Middle Eastern but Western—and many others.