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Flucht Durch Europa. Schauspielerinnen Im Exil 1933-1945 2002 Repositorium für die Medienwissenschaft Christina Jung (Hg.) Augen-Blick. Marburger Hefte zur Medienwissenschaft. Heft 33: Flucht durch Europa. Schauspielerinnen im Exil 1933-1945 2002 https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1479 Veröffentlichungsversion / published version Teil eines Periodikums / periodical part Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Jung, Christina (Hg.): Augen-Blick. Marburger Hefte zur Medienwissenschaft. Heft 33: Flucht durch Europa. Schauspielerinnen im Exil 1933-1945 (2002). DOI: https://doi.org/10.25969/mediarep/1479. Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Dieser Text wird unter einer Deposit-Lizenz (Keine This document is made available under a Deposit License (No Weiterverbreitung - keine Bearbeitung) zur Verfügung gestellt. Redistribution - no modifications). We grant a non-exclusive, Gewährt wird ein nicht exklusives, nicht übertragbares, non-transferable, individual, and limited right for using this persönliches und beschränktes Recht auf Nutzung dieses document. This document is solely intended for your personal, Dokuments. Dieses Dokument ist ausschließlich für non-commercial use. All copies of this documents must retain den persönlichen, nicht-kommerziellen Gebrauch bestimmt. all copyright information and other information regarding legal Auf sämtlichen Kopien dieses Dokuments müssen alle protection. You are not allowed to alter this document in any Urheberrechtshinweise und sonstigen Hinweise auf gesetzlichen way, to copy it for public or commercial purposes, to exhibit the Schutz beibehalten werden. Sie dürfen dieses Dokument document in public, to perform, distribute, or otherwise use the nicht in irgendeiner Weise abändern, noch dürfen Sie document in public. dieses Dokument für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke By using this particular document, you accept the conditions of vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, aufführen, vertreiben oder use stated above. anderweitig nutzen. Mit der Verwendung dieses Dokuments erkennen Sie die Nutzungsbedingungen an. Flucht durch Europa Schauspielerinnen im Exil 1933-1945 Augen-Blick 33 Marburg 2002 AUGEN-BLICK MARBURGER HEFTE ZUR MEDIENWISSENSCHAFT Eine Veröffentlichung des Instituts für Neuere deutsche Literatur und Medien im Fachbereich 09 der Philipps-Universität-Marburg Heft 33 November 2002 Herausgegeben von Jürgen Felix Günter Giesenfeld Heinz-B. Heller Knut Hickethier Thomas Koebner Karl Prümm Wilhelm Solms Guntram Vogt Redaktion: Günter Giesenfeld Redaktionsanschrift: Institut für Neuere deutsche Literatur und Medien Wilhelm-Röpke-Straße 6A, 35039 Marburg, Tel. 06421/284657 Verlag: Schüren-Presseverlag, Deutschhausstraße 31, 35037 Marburg Einzelheft DM 10.00 (ÖS 77/SFr 8.50); Jahresabonnement (2 Hefte) DM 20.-- (ÖS 136/SFr 16.--) Bestellungen an den Verlag. Anzeigenverwaltung: Schüren Presseverlag © Schüren Presseverlag, alle Rechte vorbehalten Umschlaggestaltung: Uli Prugger, Gruppe GUT Druck: WB-Druck, Rieden ISSN 0179-2555 ISBN 3-89472-036-0 Inhaltsverzeichnis Vorwort..........................................................................................5 Christina Jung Moskau mit einem Lächeln. Annäherung an die Schauspielerin Lotte Loebinger und das sowjetische Exil ................................9 Sandra Zimmermann Fluchtpunkt England ..............................................................39 Astrid Pohl Salomé auf der Flucht. Tilla Durieux und das Exil deutschsprachiger Schauspielerinnen in der Schweiz ..........................................71 Gaby Styn Auf dem weißen Rößl zum Alexanderplatz Camilla Spira und ihre Schwester Steffie .............................108 Anhang Zwischen 1933 und 1945 in europäische Länder geflüchtete Schauspielerinnen ..............................................131 Redaktionelle Mitarbeit an diesem Heft: Stephanie Göttmann Bildnachweise: Titelbilder (von links nach rechts und oben nach unten): Carola Neher, Dolly Haas: Stiftung Deutsche Kinematek, Bildarchiv; Lotte Loebinger: Seybel, Renate (Hrsg.): ...gelebt für alle Zeiten. Berlin 1975. S. 210; Steffie Spira: Spira-Ruschin, Steffie: Trab der Schaukelpferde. Berlin, Weimar 1984, S. 117; Franziska Gaal: Stiftung Deutsche Kine- matek, Bildarchiv; Therese Giehse: Filmstill aus Kinder, Mütter und ein General; Valeska Gert: Stiftung Deutsche Kinematek, Bildarchiv; Elisabeth Bergner: Völker, Klaus: Elisabeth Bergner. Das Leben einer Schauspielerin. Berlin 1990. S. 246; Camilla Spira: Raabe, Katharina: Deutsche Schwestern. Reinbek bei Hamburg 1998, S. 403; Tilla Durieux: Bildarchiv Preußischer Kulturbe- sitz; Hertha Thiele: Filmstill aus Anna und Elisabeth; Lucie Mannheim: Filmstill aus Der Ball. Im Heft (bei Kurzangaben siehe die Literaturverzeichnisse der Aufsätze): S. 22: Seybel, Renate (Hrsg.): ...gelebt für alle Zeiten. Berlin 1975. S. 214; S. 24 und 34: Stills aus der Fernsehdokumentation von Heinrich Breloer: Wehner - Die unerzählte Geschichte. WDR Köln. 1993; S. 25 und 26: Stills aus dem Film Kämpfer; S. 30: Lause, Beate/Wiens, Renate (Hrsg.): Theaterleben. Schauspieler erzählen von Exil und Rückkehr, Frankfurt/M. 1991. S. 131; S. 42 und 46: Bergner, Elisabeth: Bewundert viel und viel gescholten..., Unordentliche Erinnerun- gen. München 1978; S. 47 und 49: Peter, Frank-Manuel: Valeka Gert. Berlin 1987. S. 30; S. 52: Stiftung Deutsche Kinemathek (Hrsg.): Exil - Sechs Schauspieler aus Deutschland. Berlin 1983. S. 39; S. 57: Still aus dem Film 39 steps (Hitchcock); S. 59 und 61: Freyermuth, Gundolf S.: Reise in die Verlorengegangenheit: Auf den Spuren Deutscher Emigranten. Hamburg 1990. S. 147; S. 72: Stiftung Deutsche Kinematek, Bildarchiv; S. 73 und 103: Durieux, Tilla: Eine Tür steht offen. Berlin 1971; S. 76: Museum Ludwig Köln, VG Bild-Kunst, Bonn 2002; S. 90, 92 und 98: Kröger, Exinger 1998, S. 43, 30 und 52; S. 94: Keiser-Heyne 1990, S. 114; S. 96: F.-B. Habel: 100 Jahre Film - Das war unser Kintopp! Berlin 1995, S. 149; S. 101: Durieux 1976; S. 109 und 113: Spira-Ruschin 1984, S. 31; S.110: Standbild aus Fernsehsendung WDR 1991; S. 111 und 127: Raabe 1998, S. 400 Zu den Autorinnen dieses Heftes: Christina Jung, geb. 1971, Studium der Neueren deutschen Literatur und Politikwissenschaft in Marburg, Promotion zu Autobiographien über das Exil in der Sowjetunion, lebt in Hamburg. Astrid Pohl, M.A., geboren 1965, Studium der Agrarwissenschaft; Studium der Politologie, Neuere deutsche Literatur und Medienwissenschaft, freie Kino- und Filmfestivalarbeit, Forschung und Lehre zu Film und Gender, Filmgenre, Filmgeschichte; Promotionsprojekt „NS-Filmmelodramen“. Gabriele Styn geb. 07.09.1968. Studium Germanistik und Medien in Braunschweig, Marburg und Århus, Buchhändlerlehre, lebt in Hamburg als Sie arbeitet als Literaturrechercheuse und Kundenbetreuerin Sandra Zimmermann, geb. 1970; Ausbildung zur Buchhändlerin; Studium der Neuen Deutschen Literatur und Medienwissenschaft, Anglistik und Kunst- geschichte in Marburg; Magistraarbeit über exilierte deutsche Filmkünstlerin- nen im britischen Kino der 1930er und 1940er Jahre. 5 Vorwort Dieser Band versucht, Lebensläufe nachzuzeichnen. Lebensläufe von Frauen, die – bedingt durch ihre Zugehörigkeit zu einer verfolgten Gruppe oder durch ihre politische Überzeugung, z. T. durch beides – während der nationalsoziali- stischen Herrschaft Repressalien ausgesetzt waren und schließlich aus Deutschland flüchten mußten. Dabei interessieren sich die Autorinnen beson- ders für die Fluchtwege und Exilstationen von Frauen, die versuchten, der Ver- folgung der Nazis innerhalb Europas zu entkommen – ein Teilaspekt des Exils zwischen 1933 und 1945, der noch immer als „spärlich und beschränkt“1 er- forscht gelten muß. Zwar widmen sich seit den 80er Jahren Untersuchungen auch verstärkt der spezifischen Situation von weiblichen Emigranten.2 Das kann aber nicht über die Tatsache hinweg täuschen, daß der Geschlechterdiffe- renz als soziale und damit auch Analysekategorie noch immer unzureichend Rechnung getragen wird, daß weibliche Lebensläufe nicht selten vernachlässigt oder unter die ihrer Partner subsumiert werden.3 An dieser Stelle sollen deshalb in vier exemplarischen Portraits unter dem Aspekt weiblicher Überlebensstrategien im Exil die wenigen erhaltenen Zeug- nisse zum Sprechen gebracht werden, um so möglichst viel an gelebter Erfah- rung zurückzugewinnen und sichtbar zu machen. Dies geschieht unter schwie- rigen Bedingungen. Denn nur noch wenige Zeitzeugen können dazu persönlich befragt werden – von den hier im Mittelpunkt stehenden Frauen keine mehr. 1 Borst, Eva: Identität und Exil. Konzeptionelle Überlegungen zur. 7. Tagung „Frauen im Exil: Sprache - Identität - Kultur“. In: Exilforschung Bd. 17. München 1999, S. 10-23. 2 Vgl. Quack, Sibylle: die Aktualität der Frauen- und Geschlechterforschung für die Exilfor- schung. In: Exilforschung Bd. 14. München 1996, S. 31-43. Zu nennen ist hier auch die Arbeit der AG Frauen im Exil innerhalb der Gesellschaft für Exilforschung, z.B. Hansen-Schaberg, In- ge/Schmeichel-Falkenberg, Beate (Hg.): FRAUEN ERINNERN. Widerstand – Verfolgung – Exil 1933-1945. Mit einem Vorwort von Christa Wolf. Berlin 2000; Bolbecher, Siglinde/ Schmeichel-Falkenberg, Beate (Hrsg.): Zwischenwelt. Frauen im Exil, Klagenfurt 2002. 3 So werden z.B. Waltraud Nicolas und Ruth von Mayenburg unter die Biographien ihrer Ehe- männer, Ernst Ottwalt bzw. Ernst Fischer, subsumiert und als Anhängsel vereinnahmt. Weder Hermann Weber im ersten noch Michael Rohrwasser im zweiten Falle hielten es für nötig, sie mit einer eigenen Kurzbiographie zu würdigen. Obwohl Nicolas und von Mayenburg nicht „nur“ Ehefrauen waren,
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