Bangus Report 1-20
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4. Results and Discussion 4.1 The Gatherers 4.1.1 Socioeconomic Characteristics A total of 194 fry gatherers were selected in the five provinces. A minimum of 40 gatherers were targeted for each study area but only 24 respondents were available in Sarangani. Eighty percent of the respondents in the study areas were male with ages ranging between 16 and 65 years. Respondents from Ilocos Norte, Sarangani, and Antique were within the 41-50 age group while the majority of the respondents from Bohol and Palawan were in the 21-30 age bracket. All the respondents had some formal education: 46% had attained high school level and 1.5% had voca- tional education (Table 3). As fry gathering gives a steady source of supplementary income, working people with post secondary education are also attracted to this activity. The average family size across all respondents was six, varying from five in Currimao, Ilocos Norte, and Puerto Princesa, Palawan to eight in Sarangani (Table 4) and 95% of the respondents have been involved in the activity for at least five years. Table 3. Educational attainment of respondents, 1996 - 1997. Province Municipality Elementary High College Vocational Total school N% N%N%N%N% Ilocos Norte Currimao 13 32.5 20 50.0 6 15.0 1 2.5 40 100.0 Palawan Puerto 12 28.6 21 50.0 8 19.0 1 2.4 42 100.0 Princesa Antique Pandan 26 61.9 14 33.3 1 2.4 1 2.4 42 100.0 Bohol Dauis, 23 50.0 16 34.8 7 15.2 0 0 46 100.0 Guindulman, Jagna, Loay, Tagbilaran Sarangani Kiamba 4 16.7 19 79.2 1 4.2 0 0 24 100.0 78 40.2 90 46.4 23 11.9 3 1.5 194 100.0 During the peak season, the average monthly income from gathering fry was PhP2 2,709, with half of the sample earning PhP1 000 to PhP2 500 per month. During lean months, the monthly average income was PhP384, with every earning under Php1 000 (Table 4). Fry gathering has been a traditional family activity for 58% of the respondents. They joined the fry gathering business through the influence of their neighbors and friends. They saw fry gathering as a lucrative addtional source of income to supplement their income from other sources (i.e., fishing). In addition to fry gathering, respondents were also engaged in fishing, fish vending, daily labor, nipa-making, and farming. About 65% are involved in fishing (Table 6). In Kiamba, respondents were working for daily wages at the industrial establishments in Sarangani and South Catabato. _____________________ 2 US$1 = PhP27.87, 1996 - 1997 7 8 Table 4. Average family size, average number of years in fry gathering and income from fry gathering, 1996 - 1997. Province Municipality Barangay N Average Average no. Average income (PhP) family size of yrs. of fry Peak Lean gathering Ilocos Norte Currimao Gaang 20 5 18 2 738.00 940.00 Victoria 20 5 13 1 721.00 606.00 Subtotal/Average 405 16 773.00 2 229.50 Palawan Puerto Princesa Manalo 17 3 8 2 844.00 12.00 Marayugon 25 6 11 3 284.00 50.00 Subtotal/Average 42 5 10 3 064.00 31.00 Antique Pandan Jinalinan 6 8 10 5 083.00 500.00 Mag-aba 10 7 13 3 850.00 275.00 Nauring 16 7 16 3 275.00 243.00 Patria 1 6 11 1 000.00 - Zaldivar 9 5 7 2 833.00 377.00 Subtotal/Average 42 7 11 3 208.20 279.00 Bohol Dauis Mayacabac 1 3 1 800.00 280.00 Poblacion 5 3 7 1 520.00 232.00 Guindulman Tabajan 9 6 19 1 555.00 222.00 Jagna Bunga Mar 1 7 20 1 000.00 150.00 Can-upao 3 5 13 767.00 150.00 Looc 5 3 14 1 120.00 220.00 Pagina 1 8 23 5 000.00 400.00 Poblacion 1 4 19 3 000.00 500.00 Loay Alegrea Sur 14 6 11 1 745.00 167.00 Tagbilaran Bool Junction 6 6 11 1 450.00 385.00 Subtotal/Average 46 5 14 1 795.70 270.60 Sarangani Kiamba Kayupo 2 9 9 1 800.00 275.00 Kling 14 9 9 1 800.00 275.00 Lagundi 8 6 4 4 175.00 825.00 Subtotal/Average 24 8 7 2 591.67 458.33 194 6 12 2 577.81 362.39 Table 5. Reasons for engaging in the fry gathering business, 1996 - 1997. Province Municipality Barangay Reasons for engaging in fry gathering Family tradition Other * Total N % N % N % Ilocos Norte Currimao Gaang 18 45.0 2 5.0 20 50.0 Victoria 7 17.5 13 32.5 20 50.0 Subtotal 25 62.5 15 37.5 40 100.0 Palawan Puerto Princesa Manalo 15 35.7 2 4.8 17 40.5 Marayugon 24 57.1 1 2.4 25 59.5 Subtotal 39 92.9 3 7.1 42 100.0 Antique Pandan Jinalinan 2 4.8 4 9.5 6 14.3 Mag-aba 6 14.3 4 9.5 10 23.8 Nauring 1 2.4 15 35.7 16 38.1 Patria 0 0.0 1 2.4 1 2.4 Zaldivar 2 4.8 7 16.7 9 21.4 Subtotal 11 26.2 31 73.8 42 100.0 Bohol Dauis Mayacabac 0 0.0 1 2.2 1 2.2 Poblacion 3 6.5 2 4.3 5 10.9 Guindulman Tabajan 4 8.7 5 10.9 9 19.6 Jagna Bunga Mar 0 0.0 1 2.2 1 2.2 Can-upao 2 4.3 1 2.2 3 6.5 Looc 3 6.5 2 4.3 5 10.9 Pagina 0 0.0 1 2.2 1 2.2 Poblacion 1 2.2 0 0.0 1 2.2 Loay Alegrea Sur 10 21.7 4 8.7 14 30.4 Tagbilaran Bool Junction 6 13.0 0 0.0 6 13.0 Subtotal 29 63.0 17 37.0 46 100.0 Sarangani Kiamba Kayupo 2 8.3 0 0.0 2 8.3 Kling 3 12.5 11 45.8 14 58.3 Lagundi 3 12.5 5 20.8 8 33.3 Subtotal 8 33.3 16 66.7 24 100.0 112 57.7 82 42.3 194 100.0 * Includes influence of neighbors and friends 9 10 Table 6. Other sources of income for fry gatherers, 1996 - 1997. Province Municipality Barangay O T H E R S O U R C E S O F I N C O M E Fishing Fish Nipa Farming Daily labor Jeepney Private Others * Total vending making driving service N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N % N % Ilocos Currimao Gaang 18 45.0 - - - - - - 1 2.5 - - 1 2.5 - - 20 50.0 Norte Victoria 16 40.0 - - - - 2 5.0 - - 1 2.5 1 2.5 - - 20 50.0 Subtotal 34 85.0 - - - - 2 5.0 1 2.5 1 2.5 2 5.0 - - 40 100.0 Palawan Puerto Manalo 6 15.4 2 5.1 4 10.3 - - - - - - 1 2.6 1 2.6 14 35.9 Prinsesa Marayugon 10 25.6 2 5.1 8 20.5 2 5.1 1 2.6 - - 2 5.1 - - 25 64.1 Sub-total 16 41.0 4 10.3 12 30.8 2 5.1 1 2.6 - - 3 7.7 1 2.6 39 100.0 Antique Pandan Jinalinan 4 8.7 - - - - 1 2.2 1 2.2 - - - - - - 6 13.0 Mag-aba 5 10.9 1 2.2 - - 3 6.5 1 2.2 - - - - - - 10 21.7 Nauring 16 34.8 2 4.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 18 39.1 Patria 2 4.3 - - - - 1 2.2 - - - - - - - - 3 6.5 Zaldivar 7 15.2 1 2.2 - - 1 2.2 - - - - - - - - 9 19.6 Sub-total 34 73.9 4 8.7 - - 6 13.0 2 4.3 - - - - - - 46 100.0 Bohol Dauis Mayacabac 3 6.4 - - - - - - 1 2.1 - - - - - - 3 8.5 Poblacion 2 4.3 - - - - - - 1 2.1 - - - - - - 3 6.4 Guindulman Tabajan 7 14.9 1 2.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 9 17.0 Jagna Bunga Mar 3 6.4 - - - - - - 1 2.1 - - - - - - 3 8.5 Can-upao 1 2.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2.1 3 4.3 Looc 3 6.4 2 4.3 - - - - - - - - - - - - 5 10.6 Pagina 1 2.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2.1 Poblacion 1 2.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 1 2.1 Loay Alegrea Sur 8 7.0 2 4.3 - - - - 3 6.4 - - - - - - 13 27.7 Tagbilaran Bool Junction 5 10.6 1 2.1 - - - - - - - - - - - - 6 12.8 Subtotal 34 72.3 6 12.8 - - - - 6 12.8 - - - - 1 2.1 47 100.0 Sarangani Kiamba Kayupo - - - - - 2 9.1 - - - - - - - - 2 9.1 Kling 8 36.4 - - - - - - 7 31.8 - - 3 13.6 1 4.5 19 86.4 Lagundi - - - - - - - 1 4.5 - - - - - - 1. 4.5 Subtotal 8 36.4 - - - - 2 9.1 8 36.4 - - 3 13.6 1 4.5 22 100.0 126 64.9 14 7.2 12 6.2 12 6.2 18 9.3 1 0.5 8 4.1 3 1.5 194 100.0 * Includes selling of vegetables, balut, and sari-sari store. Despite the alleged scarcity of fry in the wild, 97% of the respondents did not plan to stop their involvement in fry gathering (Table 7). This is probably because the activity gives them an income with little requirement of capital.