FOREST TREE BREEDING and DANISH EXPERIMENTS. Denmark
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48 European Invertebrate Survey Nederland
issn 0169 - 2402 februari 2009 48 european invertebrate survey nieuwsbrief nederland 2 Nieuwsbrief European Invertebrate Survey – Nederland, 48 (2009) NIEUWSBRIEF van de EUROPEAN INVERTEBRATE SURVEY – NEDERLAND Nummer 48 - februari 2009 Contactorgaan voor de medewerkers van de Van de redactie werkgroepen van de European Invertebrate Survey – Nederland Deze extra nieuwsbrief, in kleur uitgegeven, is geheel gewijd aan het EIS-jubileum. De lezingen die Menno Schilthuizen en Informatie: Matthijs Schouten op de jubileumdag hebben gegeven kunt u Bureau EIS-Nederland, hier nog eens nalezen. Postbus 9517, 2300 RA Leiden tel. 071-5687670 / fax 071-5687666 Verder sluiten we de succesvolle inventarisatie van Naturalis- e-mail [email protected] terrein af. Het totaal aantal van 1569 soorten is al indrukwek- website www.naturalis.nl/eis kend, de grote hoeveelheid bijzonderheden is nog verbazing- wekkender. Het lijkt er op dat half-verwaarloosde terreinen in Wordt aan medewerkers gratis toegezonden. de stad een paradijs zijn voor schildwespen. Op deze plek wil ik alle personen bedanken die op een of andere manier hebben bijgedragen aan de soortenlijst. Tevens worden de fotografen Redactie: John T. Smit & Roy Kleukers bedankt voor het ter beschikking stellen van hun foto’s. Bij de soortenlijst worden zij met name genoemd, de beelden van de jubileumdag zijn voornamelijk van Berry van der Hoorn © copyright 2009 Stichting European Invertebrate Survey (Naturalis) en EIS-medewerkers. – Nederland, Leiden. Niets in deze uitgave mag worden vermenigvuldigd en/of openbaar Na zo’n mal jubileum van 33,3 jaar is het natuurlijk de vraag gemaakt door middel van fotokopie, microfilm of welke andere wijze wanneer het volgende feestje zal plaatsvinden. -
Resistance to Phytophthora Cinnamomi in the Genus Abies
Proceedings of the 4th International Workshop on Genetics of Host-Parasite Interactions in Forestry Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi in the Genus Abies John Frampton,1 Fikret Isik,1 Mike Benson,2 Jaroslav Kobliha,3 and Jan Stejskal3 Abstract A major limiting factor for the culture of true firs as Christmas trees is their susceptibility to Oomycete species belonging to the genus Phytophthora. In North Carolina alone, the Fraser fir (Abies fraseri [Pursh] Poir.) Christmas tree industry loses 6 to 7 million dollars annually to root rot primarily caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi. Because no resistance has been found in Fraser fir, in 2003, the North Carolina State University (NCSU) Christmas Tree Genetics (CTG) Program conducted an extensive resistance screening of 32 Abies species (50 unique taxa) from around the world. Overall mortality was high (88 percent), but was less frequent in two of the eight taxonomic sections of the genus evaluated: Momi (65.5 percent) and Abies (79.3 percent). Species mortality rates in all other sections exceeded 93 percent. Final species mortality ranged from 10.6 percent (A. firma Sieb. et Zucc.) to 100.0 percent (several species). Hierarchical cluster analysis was used to classify species into groups representing six levels of resistance, designated as very resistant (A. firma), resistant (A. pindrow [D.Don] Royle), moderately resistant (four species), intermediate (five species), susceptible (seven species), and very susceptible (17 species). In the species screening trial, Turkish fir (A. bornmuelleriana Mattf.) and closely related Trojan fir (A. equi- trojani Coode et Cullen) ranked third and tenth for resistance, but mortality in these species was relatively high. -
Response Variations of Alnus Subcordata (L.), Populus Deltoides (Bartr
Taiwan J For Sci 27(3): 251-63, 2012 251 Research paper Response Variations of Alnus subcordata (L.), Populus deltoides (Bartr. ex Marsh.), and Taxodium distichum (L.) Seedlings to Flooding Stress Ehsán Ghanbary,1) Masoud Tabari,1,4) Francisco García-Sánchez,2) Mehrdad Zarafshar,1) Maria Cristina Sanches3) 【Summary】 Alnus subcordata is a native species distributed along bottomlands of Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. In the last decade, this species along with the exotic species Populus deltoides and Taxodium distichum, has been widely used also for afforestation of bottomland areas. However, the relative flooding tolerance of these 3 species and their potential mechanisms for coping with flooding conditions are unknown to the present. Thus, in this study, variations in growth and mor- phophysiological responses to flooding of these species’ seedlings were investigated during a 120- d outdoor experiment. Seedlings were subjected to 3 fixed treatments of 1) unflooded, 2) flooded to 3 cm in depth, and 3) flooded to 15 cm in depth, and their survival, growth, and some metabolic parameters were measured at the end of the experiment. Survival in seedlings of these 3 species was very high, but the root length, biomass accumulation, and chlorophyll content were reduced by flooding. Diameter growth in T. distichum increased with flooding, while it was negatively affected in the other 2 species. The leaf area, specific leaf area, and height growth were reduced in A. sub- cordata and P. deltoides by flooding, while no significant effect on these parameters was observed in T. distichum. Flooding also induced the formation of hypertrophied lenticels, and adventitious roots in all 3 species. -
Common Misconceptions About Forest Tree Breeding, a Valuable Tool for Addressing Forest Health Issues
Research Reports COMMON MISCONCEPTIONS ABOUT FOREST TREE BREEDING, A VALUABLE TOOL FOR ADDRESSING FOREST HEALTH ISSUES Jennifer L. Koch USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 359 Main Rd., Delaware, OH 43015 ABSTRACT Breeding programs are an important tool for managing invasive insects and diseases causing high mor- tality rates and even threatening extinction of some of our forest tree species. The emerald ash borer (EAB) invasion of North America, as one example, has resulted in five North American ash species being listed as “critically endangered” on the IUCN red list (IUCNredlist.org). Impacts from such significant losses are far-reaching. Wildlife species that depend on threatened tree species can also be at risk of ex- tinction, Mortality of riparian tree species such as Eastern hemlock, currently under attack by the hem- lock woolly adelgid, can impact water quality. Economic impacts can be far-reaching, and include the costs of removing and replacing trees, and the loss of valuable income sources. This income loss is espe- cially pertinent to rural communities reliant on both traditional – such as lumber, pulp, paper, and fiber and non-traditional forest products – ginseng, morels, and goldenseal. Additionally integral to rural economies are recreational opportunities provided by healthy forests, such as camping, hiking, canoeing, kayaking, hunting and fishing. In Hocking County, Ohio, for example, recreational tourism supports one out of every seven jobs and generates more than 115 million dollars annually (Apsley et al. 2014). Hem- lock trees are cornerstone species in these recreation areas and their loss due to hemlock Wooly Adelgid (HWA) pose a serious threat to local communities. -
Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections
Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections By Emily Beech, Kirsty Shaw and Meirion Jones June 2015 Recommended citation: Beech, E., Shaw, K., & Jones, M. 2015. Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections. BGCI. Acknowledgements BGCI gratefully acknowledges the many botanic gardens around the world that have contributed data to this survey (a full list of contributing gardens is provided in Annex 2). BGCI would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in the promotion of the survey and the collection of data, including the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Yorkshire Arboretum, University of Liverpool Ness Botanic Gardens, and Stone Lane Gardens & Arboretum (U.K.), and the Morton Arboretum (U.S.A). We would also like to thank contributors to The Red List of Betulaceae, which was a precursor to this ex situ survey. BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) BGCI is a membership organization linking botanic gardens is over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. www.bgci.org FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) FFI, founded in 1903 and the world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, based on sound science and take account of human needs. www.fauna-flora.org GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN (GTC) GTC is undertaken through a partnership between BGCI and FFI, working with a wide range of other organisations around the world, to save the world’s most threated trees and the habitats which they grow through the provision of information, delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use. -
Admixture of Alnus Subcordata with Populus Euramericana Improved Soil Nitrogen
Admixture of Alnus subcordata with Populus euramericana improved soil nitrogen Ehsan Sayad Forestry Department, Higher Education Complex of Behbahan, Iran, Email [email protected] Abstract Concerns about the decline in soil fertility and long-term productivity of fast-growing plantations have promoted interest in using nitrogen-fixing trees in mixed species plantations. Plantations of monoculture Populus euramericana and mixed with Alnus subcordata were planted in 1987 in Noor, Iran. After 16 years, the effects of species interactions on soil properties were assessed. The results indicated that soil nitrogen, C: N ratio and organic matter at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depth of mixed plantation were higher. It can be conclude that admixture of Alnus subcordata with Populus euramericana improved soil fertility. Key Words Nitrogen fixing trees (NFT), mixed plantation, soil fertility, Populus euramericana, Alnus subcordata Introduction Poplars ( Populus L. spp.) are preferred plantation species, because their fast growth is expected to meet the extensive demands of wood for poles, pulp and fuel (Kiadaliri 2003; Ghasemi 2000; Ziabari 1993). Productivity of plantations depends strongly on soil nutrient supply and may be malleable under the influence of management practices and species (Binkley 1997). Almost all the industrial plantations are monocultures, and questions are being raised about the sustainability of their growth and their effects on the site (Khanna 1997). Repeated harvesting of fast-growing trees such as poplar plantations on short rotations may deplete site nutrients. Nitrogen losses are likely to be very important for future growth. It is therefore appropriate to explore new systems of plantation management in which N may be added via fixation (Khanna 1997). -
Ethiopia: the State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources
ETHIOPIA This country report is prepared as a contribution to the FAO publication, The Report on the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources. The content and the structure are in accordance with the recommendations and guidelines given by FAO in the document Guidelines for Preparation of Country Reports for the State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources (2010). These guidelines set out recommendations for the objective, scope and structure of the country reports. Countries were requested to consider the current state of knowledge of forest genetic diversity, including: Between and within species diversity List of priority species; their roles and values and importance List of threatened/endangered species Threats, opportunities and challenges for the conservation, use and development of forest genetic resources These reports were submitted to FAO as official government documents. The report is presented on www. fao.org/documents as supportive and contextual information to be used in conjunction with other documentation on world forest genetic resources. The content and the views expressed in this report are the responsibility of the entity submitting the report to FAO. FAO may not be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained in this report. THE STATE OF FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES OF ETHIOPIA INSTITUTE OF BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION (IBC) COUNTRY REPORT SUBMITTED TO FAO ON THE STATE OF FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES OF ETHIOPIA AUGUST 2012 ADDIS ABABA IBC © Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (IBC) -
Proceedings of the 9Th International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference
Proceedings of the 9th International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference September 13–18, 2009 _________________________________________________________________________________________________________ John Hart, Chal Landgren, and Gary Chastagner (eds.) Title Proceedings of the 9th International Christmas Tree Research & Extension Conference IUFRO Working Unit 2.02.09—Christmas Trees Corvallis, Oregon and Puyallup, Washington, September 13–18, 2009 Held by Oregon State University, Washington State University, and Pacific Northwest Christmas Tree Growers’ Association Editors John Hart Chal Landgren Gary Chastagner Compilation by Teresa Welch, Wild Iris Communications, Corvallis, OR Citation Hart, J., Landgren, C., and Chastagner, G. (eds.). 2010. Proceedings of the 9th International Christmas Tree Research and Extension Conference. Corvallis, OR and Puyallup, WA. Fair use This publication may be reproduced or used in its entirety for noncommercial purposes. Foreword The 9th International Christmas Tree Research and Extension Conference returned to the Pacific Northwest in 2009. OSU and WSU cohosted the conference, which was attended by 42 Christmas tree professionals representing most of the major production areas in North America and Europe. This conference was the most recent in the following sequence: Date Host Location Country October 1987 Washington State University Puyallup, Washington USA August 1989 Oregon State University Corvallis, Oregon USA October 1992 Oregon State University Silver Falls, Oregon USA September 1997 -
FORESTS and GENETICALLY MODIFIED TREES FORESTS and GENETICALLY MODIFIED TREES
FORESTS and GENETICALLY MODIFIED TREES FORESTS and GENETICALLY MODIFIED TREES FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED NATIONS Rome, 2010 The designations employed and the presentation of material in this information product do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) concerning the legal or development status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. The mention of specific companies or products of manufacturers, whether or not these have been patented, does not imply that these have been endorsed or recommended by FAO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. The views expressed in this information product are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of FAO. All rights reserved. FAO encourages the reproduction and dissemination of material in this information product. Non-commercial uses will be authorized free of charge, upon request. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes, including educational purposes, may incur fees. Applications for permission to reproduce or disseminate FAO copyright materials, and all queries concerning rights and licences, should be addressed by e-mail to [email protected] or to the Chief, Publishing Policy and Support Branch, Office of Knowledge Exchange, Research and Extension, FAO, Viale delle Terme di Caracalla, 00153 Rome, Italy. © FAO 2010 iii Contents Foreword iv Contributors vi Acronyms ix Part 1. THE SCIENCE OF GENETIC MODIFICATION IN FOREST TREES 1. Genetic modification as a component of forest biotechnology 3 C. -
State of the World's Forest Genetic Resources Part 1
Forests and trees enhance and protect landscapes, ecosystems and production systems. They provide goods and services which are essential to the survival and well-being of all humanity. Forest genetic resources – the heritable materials maintained within and among tree and other woody plant species that are of actual or potential economic, environmental, scientific or societal value – are essential for the continued productivity, services, adaptation and evolutionary processes of forests and trees. This first volume of The State of the World’s Forest Genetic Resources constitutes a major step in building the information and knowledge base required for action towards better conservation and sustainable management of forest genetic resources at the national, regional and international levels. The publication was prepared based on information provided by 86 countries, outcomes from regional and subregional consultations and commissioned thematic studies. It presents definitions and concepts related to forest genetic resources and a FOREST GENETIC RESOURCES review of their value; the main drivers of changes and the trends affecting these vital resources; and key emerging technologies. The central section analyses the current status of conservation and use of forest genetic resources on the basis of reports provided by the countries. The book concludes with recommendations for ensuring that present and future generations continue to benefit from forests and trees, both through innovations in practices and technologies and through enhanced attention -
Desirable Plant List
Carpinteria-Summerland Fire Protection District High Fire Hazard Area Desirable Plant List Desirable Qualities for Landscape Plants within Carpinteria/Summerland High Fire Hazard areas • Ability to store water in leaves or • Ability to withstand drought. stems. • Prostrate or prone in form. • Produces limited dead and fine • Ability to withstand severe pruning. material. • Low levels of volatile oils or resins. • Extensive root systems for controlling erosion. • Ability to resprout after a fire. • High levels of salt or other compounds within its issues that can contribute to fire resistance. PLANT LIST LEGEND Geographical Area ......... ............. Water Needs..... ............. Evergreen/Deciduous C-Coastal ............. ............. H-High . ............. ............. E-Evergreen IV-Interior Valley ............. ............. M-Moderate....... ............. D-Deciduous D-Deserts ............. ............. L-Low... ............. ............. E/D-Partly or ............. ............. VL -Very Low .... ............. Summer Deciduous Comment Code 1 Not for use in coastal areas......... ............ 13 ........ Tends to be short lived. 2 Should not be used on steep slopes........ 14 ........ High fire resistance. 3 May be damaged by frost. .......... ............ 15 ........ Dead fronds or leaves need to be 4 Should be thinned bi-annually to ............ ............. removed to maintain fire safety. remove dead or unwanted growth. .......... 16 ........ Tolerant of heavy pruning. 5 Good for erosion control. ............. ........... -
Genetic Conservation in Applied Tree Breeding Programs
215 Genetic Conservation in Applied Tree Breeding Programs RANDY JOHNSON1, BRAD ST. CLAIR1 AND SARA LIPOW2 1) USDA-Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, Corvallis, OR, USA 97331-4401 2) Dept. of Forest Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA 97331-5752 Abstract. This paper reviews how population size and structure impacts the maintenance of genetic variation in breeding and gene resource populations. We discuss appropriate population sizes for low frequency alleles and point out some examples of low frequency alleles in the literature. Development of appropriate breeding populations and gene resource populations are discussed. Introduction The primary objective of a breeding program is to increase the frequency of desirable alleles found in the breeding population. While breeders know the traits they wish to improve, they do not know which alleles (genes) favorably impact the traits or their distribution in the native population. Breeding programs must maintain sufficient genetic variation to allow for continued genetic gains over multiple generations. Complicating matters is the fact that traits of interest change over time in response to new pests or changes in markets. Population sizes needed to maintain gains in polygenic traits of current interest are much smaller than population sizes needed to find potentially rare traits that may be desired in the future. This paper considers the impact of breeding population size and structure on the maintenance of genetic variation and on continued genetic gain. The breeder needs to consider both short- and long-term objectives when structuring a breeding program. Short-term objectives usually include obtaining substantial gains in current traits of interest in the first few generations of breeding while maintaining well-adapted trees.