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Plant Biodiversity of Zarm-Rood Rural

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Plant Biodiversity of Zarm-Rood Rural ﻋﺒﺎس ﻗﻠﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ "ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن" دوره ﭘﻨﺠﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎره دﻫﻢ، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 96 http://pec.gonbad.ac.ir ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن زارمرود، ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ (ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران) ﻋﺒﺎس ﻗﻠﯽﭘﻮر1*، ﻧﺴﯿﻢ رﺳﻮﻟﯽ2، ﻣﺠﯿﺪ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻬﻮﺟﯽ3 1داﻧﺸﯿﺎر ﮔﺮوه زﯾﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر، ﺗﻬﺮان 2 داﻧﺶآﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽارﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر، ﺗﻬﺮان 3اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺎد داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ، ﮐﺮج ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 12/10/1394؛ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 1395/12/19 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه1 دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ز ارمرود در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺰارﺟﺮﯾﺐ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ (اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران)، ﻗﺮار دارد. اﯾﻦ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ اي ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﯽ ﺣﺪود 609 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، در داﻣﻨﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1700 ﺗﺎ 2100 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻠﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1391 و1392، ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 172 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 146 ﺟﻨﺲ از 69 ﺗﯿﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷـﺪ. ﺗ ﯿـ ﺮه Fabaceae ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ 12 ﺟﻨﺲ و 16 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿ ﺮهﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣ ﯽﺷﻮد. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴـﺘ ﯽ، 37 درﺻﺪ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻤ ﯽﮐﺮﯾﭙﺘﻮﻓﯿﺖ، 26 درﺻﺪ ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﯿﺖ، 19 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺮﯾﭙﺘﻮﻓﯿﺖ، 17 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺮوﻓﯿﺖ و 1 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻣ ﻪﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ رﯾﺨﺘﺎر ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﯽ دارد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، 36 درﺻﺪ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ارو - ﺳـ ﯿﺒﺮي، Downloaded from pec.gonbad.ac.ir at 6:30 +0330 on Friday October 1st 2021 23 درﺻﺪ از ﮔﻮ ﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿ ﻪاي، 16 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ارو - ﺳﯿﺒﺮي و اﯾﺮان- ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ، 14 درﺻﺪ اﯾﺮان – ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ و 2 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻬﺎن وﻃﻨﯽ ﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷـﺪه ﺑ ﯿـ ﺎﻧﮕﺮ ارزش اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ وﺳﯿﻊ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺤـ ﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺖ. واژهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: دﻫﺴﺘﺎن زارمرود، ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روﯾﺸﯽ، ﻓﻠﻮر، ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران. *ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: [email protected] 155 ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن/ دوره ﭘﻨﺠﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎره دﻫﻢ، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 96 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎ ﯾﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓـ ﯽ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ اي ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ از ﮔ ﯿﺎﻫـﺎن ﯾـ ﮏ ﻣﺤـﺪوده ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣ ﯽﺷﻮد، ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و اﺳﺎس ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﮔ ﯿﺎﻫـﺎن ﻫـﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ، اﻗﻠـ ﯿﻢ زﯾﺴـﺘ ﯽ، ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـ ﯽ و ﺟﻨﮕﻞداري، ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﺮﺗﻊداري، ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾـﯽ و ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد ي، ﮔـﺮده اﻓﺸـﺎﻧ ﯽ و ﻣـﺪ ﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺤـ ﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ زﯾﺎد روﯾ ﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎ و ﻏﻨﺎي ﺑـﺎﻻ ي ﺗﻨـﻮع ﮔ ﯿـ ﺎﻫﯽ اﯾـ ﺮان، اﻧﺠـﺎم ا ﯾـ ﻦ ﻧـﻮع ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت در اﻗﺼﯽ ﻧﻘﺎط ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ در ﺳـﺎل ﻫـﺎ ي اﺧﯿـ ﺮ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﯿﮏ درﺧﻮر ﺗـﻮﺟﻬ ﯽ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ. آﺧﺎﻧﯽ (آﺧﺎﻧﯽ، 1383) ﻓﻠﻮر ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن را ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻧﻤﻮد، اﮐﺒﺮ يﻧﯿﺎ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ( اﮐﺒﺮيﻧﯿـﺎ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1383) ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر روﯾﺸﯽ و ﮐﻮروﻟﻮژي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﺗﻮس در ﺳـﻨﮕﺪه ﺳﺎري ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ، ﻋﺼﺮي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (ﻋﺼﺮي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1386) اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﮔﯿـ ﺎﻫﯽ ذﺧﯿـ ﺮهﮔـﺎه ﺑ ﯿﻮﺳـﻔﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮑﺎﻟﻪ را ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ، آﺗﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (آﺗﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1388) ﻓﻠـﻮر ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ ﻫـﺎ ي ﺷـﺮق دوداﻧﮕﻪ را ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺳﯿﺎدﺗﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (Siadati et al., 2010) ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﺧﯿﺮودﮐﻨـﺎر را ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻗﻠ ﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران (ﻗﻠـﯽ ﭘـﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 1380 و 1383) ﻓﻠـﻮر ، ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿـ ﺎي ﮔﯿـ ﺎﻫﯽ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎه ﺣﯿﺎت وﺣـﺶ دوداﻧﮕـﻪ و ﭼﻬﺎرداﻧﮕـﻪ و ﭘـﺎرك ﻣﻠـ ﯽ ﮐﯿﺎﺳـﺮ را ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧـﺪ ، ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ( ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﯽﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 1390) ﻓﻠـﻮر، ﺷـﮑﻞ ز ﯾﺴـﺘ ﯽ و ﭘـﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓ ﯿـ ﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎه ﺣﯿـ ﺎت وﺣـﺶ ﺳﻤﺴـﮑﻨﺪه و دﺷـﺖ ﻧـﺎز را ﻣﻌﺮﻓـ ﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧـﺪ ، ﻧﻘـ ﯽﻧـﮋاد و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران ( ﻧﻘـﯽ ﻧـﮋاد و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،1393) ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺳﯽ ﺑﻦ و ﻣﺎزي ﺑﻦ راﻣﺴﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧـﺪ، ﻣـﺮاد ي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (ﻣﺮادي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1392) ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ روﯾﺸـ ﯽ و زﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن اﻃﺮاف ﺳﺪ ﺳﭙﯿﺪرود ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ، ﺣﺒﯿﺒﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (ﺣﺒﯿﺒﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1392) ﻓﻠﻮر ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﭘﺎﺑﻨـﺪ در Downloaded from pec.gonbad.ac.ir at 6:30 +0330 on Friday October 1st 2021 اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران را ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ، ﺗﻮﮐﻠﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (ﺗﻮﮐﻠﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 1392) ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن ز ﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه ﻫـﺎ ي آﺑﯽ ﺷﺮق و ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ، اﺳﻤﺎﻋﯿ ﻞزاده و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران (اﺳـﻤﺎﻋﯿﻞ زاده و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 1393) ﻓﻠﻮر ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﺻﻼحاﻟﺪﯾ ﻦﮐﻼ ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮ را ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و رﺳﺎم و ﻣﺸﺎﯾﺨﯿﺎن (رﺳﺎم و ﻣﺸﺎﯾﺨﯿﺎن، 1394) ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ در زﯾﺴـﺖ ﺑـﻮم ﻫـﺎ ي ﻃﺒﯿﻌـ ﯽ ﺷـ ﯿﺮوان را ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻗﻠ ﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ( ﻗﻠﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1393) ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺗﻨﻮﺑﻮﺗﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﮔ ﯿﺎﻫـﺎن داروﯾﯽ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن زارمرود اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧﺪ. ﻋﻠﯿﺮﻏﻢ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه، ﻫﻨﻮز ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن و ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ زﯾﺎدي در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﺮان از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺪهاﻧﺪ. دﻫﺴﺘﺎن زارمرود در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺰارﺟﺮﯾﺐ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑـﺎ از اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧـﺪران ، ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ اي ﮐﻮﻫﺴـﺘﺎﻧﯽ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1700 ﺗﺎ 2100 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ 41 روﺳﺘﺎ و ﺣﺪود 11 ﻫـﺰار ﻧﻔـﺮ ﺟﻤﻌ ﯿـ ﺖ از ﻧﻈـﺮ 156 ﻋﺒﺎس ﻗﻠﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﭘﻮﺷﺶ و ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ دﭼﺎر آﺳﯿﺐ ﺟﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻤـ ﯽ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﻫﻨـﻮز ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻓﻠﻮر دﻫﺴﺘﺎنزارم رود اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿ ﺖﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﻠﻮر آن ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻃﺒﯿﻌـ ﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ دارا ي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدي اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻠﻮر، اﺷﮑﺎل زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﭘـﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓ ﯿـ ﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن دﻫﺴـﺘﺎن زارم رود ﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻮد، و ﺑـﺮ اﺳﺎس آن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻣﮑﺎن ﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﮔﺮدد؛ ﭼﺮا ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺪون داﺷﺘﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت درﺑﺎره ﻓﻠﻮر، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻧﻤ ﯽﺗﻮان راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺻـﻮﻟ ﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ را اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ دﻫﺴﺘﺎنزارم رود در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺰارﺟﺮﯾﺐ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ (اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران- ﺷﻤﺎل اﯾﺮان) ﻗﺮار دارد. اﯾﻦ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ در داﻣﻨﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1700 ﺗﺎ 2100 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺪوده وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺰارﺟﺮﯾﺐ در ﺿﻠﻊ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﺷﺮﻗﯽ آن را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪه و از ﺷﻤﺎل ﺑﻪ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﭘ ﯽرﺟﻪ ﻧﮑﺎ، و ﺑﺨﺶ ﯾ ﺎﻧﻪﺳﺮ ﺑﻬﺸﻬﺮ، از ﺟﻨﻮب ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن (ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن داﻣﻐﺎن) و از ﻣﺸﺮق ﺑﺎ ﯾ ﺎﻧﻪﺳﺮ ﺑﻬﺸﻬﺮ و اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن و از ﻣﻐﺮب ﺑﺎ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺮﭘﺸﺖ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮز اﺳﺖ (ﺷﮑﻞ 1). ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ وﻋﻠﻔﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺮاﮐﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪود 609 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ وﺳﻌﺖ ﺣﺪود 11 ﻫﺰار ﻧﻔﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ را در ﺧﻮد ﺟﺎي داده و از 41 روﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯾﺖ روﺳﺘﺎي زﯾﺎرﺗﮑﻼ ﻻﺋﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮار ﺑﻮده و ﺷﯿﺐ داﻣﻨﻪﻫﺎ در آن زﯾﺎد اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ درﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺎرش، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ، Downloaded from pec.gonbad.ac.ir at 6:30 +0330 on Friday October 1st 2021 ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، اﯾﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن از اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل و ﺧﻨﮏ و در ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن از اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺳﺮد و ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﭘﺮ ﺑﺎرش ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده، اﻗﻠﯿﻢ آن ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾ ﮏﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﯿﻨﻮﭘﺘﯿﮏ ﮐﯿﺎﺳﺮ اﺳﺖ، از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﯾﻦ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ وﯾﮋﮔ ﯽﻫﺎي اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﮐﻮﭘﻦ، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ 650 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺮد و ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺑﺎران دﻣﺎﯾﯽ (آﻣﺒﺮوﺗﺮﻣﯿﮏ) ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1370 اﻟﯽ 1391، ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل و ﺷﺪت دوره ﭘﺮ ﺑﺎران و ﮐﻢ ﺑﺎران آن اﺳﺖ (ﺷﮑﻞ 2). 157 ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن/ دوره ﭘﻨﺠﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎره دﻫﻢ، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 96 ﺷﮑﻞ 1- ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ ودﻫﺴﺘﺎنزارم رود در ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران Downloaded from pec.gonbad.ac.ir at 6:30 +0330 on Friday October 1st 2021 ﺷﮑﻞ 2- ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ آﻣﺒﺮوﺗﺮﻣﯿﮏ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي1370 اﻟﯽ 1391 ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﯿﻨﻮﭘﺘﯿﮏ ﮐﯿﺎﺳﺮ ( دﻣﺎ ، ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ ) 158 ﻋﺒﺎس ﻗﻠﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ و راه ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻌﺒﻮر و ﺗﻬﯿـﻪ ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ، ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن ﺧﻮدرو در ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1391 و 1392 از روﯾﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام ﺑﻪﻃـﻮر ﻣﺠﺰا ﺷﻤﺎرهﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﯾﻮم ﭘﺮس و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪه، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻠــﻮرا اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﮑــﺎ (Rechinger, 1963-2010)، ﻓﻠــﻮر ﺗﺮﮐﯿــﻪ (Davis, 1965-1988)، ﻓﻠــﻮر روﺳــﯿﻪ (Komarov, 1963-2001) و ﻓﻠﻮر اﯾﺮان (اﺳﺪي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1367-1391) ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﺎم ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﯾﻮم داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧـﻮر ﺳـﺎر ي (SPNH) ﻧﮕﻬـﺪار ي ﻣـ ﯽﺷـﻮ ﻧﺪ. ﻧـﺎم ﻋﻠﻤـ ﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺎم ﻣﻮﻟﻔﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻨﺪﮐﺲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻧﺎمﻫـﺎ ي ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن (IPNI) ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘـﺖ داده ﺷﺪ (Maclin and Moris, 2007). اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺗﯿ ﺮهﻫـﺎ ي ﻣﻌﺮﻓـ ﯽ ﺷـﺪه ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس آﺧـﺮ ﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـ ﺮات در ردهﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﻠﻮژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻧﻬﺎﻧﺪاﻧﮕﺎن (APG III) ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺼـﺮ رو ﯾﺸـ ﯽ (ﮐﻮروﺗﯿـ ﭗ)، از Zohary et al., 1980-) Conspectus Flora orientalis 1994)، ﻓﻠﻮر روﺳﯿﻪ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﯿﺶ از دو ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﭘـﺮاﮐﻨﺶ داﺷـﺘﻨﺪ ﺟﺰو ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿ ﻪاي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺷﮑﻞ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨـﺪ ي راﻧﮑﯿـ ﻪ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ در 5 ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﯿـ ﺖ، ﮐﺎﻣـ ﻪﻓﯿـ ﺖ، ﻫﻤـ ﯽﮐﺮﯾﭙﺘﻮﻓﯿـ ﺖ، ﮐﺮﯾﭙﺘﻮﻓﯿﺖ و ﺗﺮوﻓﯿﺖ ﻗﺮار داده، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ (Raunkiaer, 1934). ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع از 235 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه از دﻫﺴـﺘﺎن زارم رود، ﺗﻌـﺪاد 172 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔ ﯿـ ﺎﻫﯽ از 146 ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 69 ﺗﯿﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ (ﺟﺪول 1). از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗ ﯿـ ﺐ Rosaceae Fabaceae ﺑﺎ 16 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (3/9 درﺻـﺪ ) و 12 ﺟـﻨﺲ ، ﺑـﺎ 13 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ( 5/7 درﺻـﺪ ) و 11 ﺟـﻨﺲ ، Downloaded from pec.gonbad.ac.ir at 6:30 +0330 on Friday October 1st 2021 Lamiaceae ﺑﺎ 13 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (5/7 درﺻﺪ) و 9 ﺟﻨﺲ و Asteraceae ﺑﺎ 11 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ (3/6 درﺻـﺪ ) و 10 ﺟـﻨﺲ ﻏﻨ ﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿ ﺮهﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ (ﺟﺪول 1و ﺷﮑﻞﻫـﺎ ي 3 و 4).
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