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Plant Biodiversity of Zarm-Rood Rural

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ﻋﺒﺎس ﻗﻠﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﮔﻨﺒﺪ ﮐﺎووس ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ "ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن" دوره ﭘﻨﺠﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎره دﻫﻢ، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 96 http://pec.gonbad.ac.ir ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن زارمرود، ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ (ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران) ﻋﺒﺎس ﻗﻠﯽﭘﻮر1*، ﻧﺴﯿﻢ رﺳﻮﻟﯽ2، ﻣﺠﯿﺪ ﻗﺮﺑﺎﻧﯽ ﻧﻬﻮﺟﯽ3 1داﻧﺸﯿﺎر ﮔﺮوه زﯾﺴﺖﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر، ﺗﻬﺮان 2 داﻧﺶآﻣﻮﺧﺘﻪ ﮐﺎرﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽارﺷﺪ ﻋﻠﻮم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، داﻧﺸﮑﺪه ﻋﻠﻮم، داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧﻮر، ﺗﻬﺮان 3اﺳﺘﺎدﯾﺎر ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ، ﻣﺮﮐﺰ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎت ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ، ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﮑﺪه ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ ﺟﻬﺎد داﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ، ﮐﺮج ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ درﯾﺎﻓﺖ: 12/10/1394؛ ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﭘﺬﯾﺮش: 1395/12/19 ﭼﮑﯿﺪه1 دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ز ارمرود در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺰارﺟﺮﯾﺐ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ (اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران)، ﻗﺮار دارد. اﯾﻦ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ اي ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺴﺎﺣﺘﯽ ﺣﺪود 609 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ، در داﻣﻨﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1700 ﺗﺎ 2100 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ ﻗـﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘـﻪ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻠﻮر ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1391 و1392، ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﺑﺎ اﺳـﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨـﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع 172 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ، ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 146 ﺟﻨﺲ از 69 ﺗﯿﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷـﺪ. ﺗ ﯿـ ﺮه Fabaceae ﺑﺎ داﺷﺘﻦ 12 ﺟﻨﺲ و 16 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ از ﺑﺰرﮔﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿ ﺮهﻫﺎي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣ ﯽﺷﻮد. از ﻧﻈﺮ ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴـﺘ ﯽ، 37 درﺻﺪ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻫﻤ ﯽﮐﺮﯾﭙﺘﻮﻓﯿﺖ، 26 درﺻﺪ ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﯿﺖ، 19 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺮﯾﭙﺘﻮﻓﯿﺖ، 17 درﺻﺪ ﺗﺮوﻓﯿﺖ و 1 درﺻﺪ ﮐﺎﻣ ﻪﻓﯿﺖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﻓﺮاواﻧﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﯿﺖ ﺑﺎ وﺿﻌﯿﺖ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﻏﻠﺒﻪ رﯾﺨﺘﺎر ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﻫﻤﺨﻮاﻧﯽ دارد. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﺗﻮزﯾﻊ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، 36 درﺻﺪ از ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ارو - ﺳـ ﯿﺒﺮي، Downloaded from pec.gonbad.ac.ir at 6:30 +0330 on Friday October 1st 2021 23 درﺻﺪ از ﮔﻮ ﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿ ﻪاي، 16 درﺻﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ارو - ﺳﯿﺒﺮي و اﯾﺮان- ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ، 14 درﺻﺪ اﯾﺮان – ﺗﻮراﻧﯽ و 2 درﺻﺪ ﺟﻬﺎن وﻃﻨﯽ ﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ. ﻣﯿﺰان ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﻮﻧﻪاي ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺷـﺪه ﺑ ﯿـ ﺎﻧﮕﺮ ارزش اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و از ﻃﺮف دﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﺨﺮﯾﺐ وﺳﯿﻊ ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﺷﺎﻫﺪي ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺤـ ﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده اﺳﺖ. واژهﻫﺎي ﮐﻠﯿﺪي: دﻫﺴﺘﺎن زارمرود، ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﻋﻨﺼﺮ روﯾﺸﯽ، ﻓﻠﻮر، ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران. *ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪه ﻣﺴﺌﻮل: [email protected] 155 ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن/ دوره ﭘﻨﺠﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎره دﻫﻢ، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 96 ﻣﻘﺪﻣﻪ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـﺎ ﯾﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓـ ﯽ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋـﻪ اي ﮐﺎﻣـﻞ از ﮔ ﯿﺎﻫـﺎن ﯾـ ﮏ ﻣﺤـﺪوده ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻣ ﯽﺷﻮد، ﭘﺎﯾﻪ و اﺳﺎس ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺑـﺎ ﮔ ﯿﺎﻫـﺎن ﻫـﺮ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ از ﺟﻤﻠـﻪ ﭘﻮﺷـﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﺟﺎﻣﻌﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ، ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻮﻣﯽ، اﻗﻠـ ﯿﻢ زﯾﺴـﺘ ﯽ، ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳـ ﯽ و ﺟﻨﮕﻞداري، ﻣﺮﺗﻊ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ و ﻣﺮﺗﻊداري، ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾـﯽ و ﮐـﺎرﺑﺮد ي، ﮔـﺮده اﻓﺸـﺎﻧ ﯽ و ﻣـﺪ ﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﺤـ ﯿﻂ زﯾﺴﺖ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﺎﮔﻮﻧﯽ زﯾﺎد روﯾ ﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎ و ﻏﻨﺎي ﺑـﺎﻻ ي ﺗﻨـﻮع ﮔ ﯿـ ﺎﻫﯽ اﯾـ ﺮان، اﻧﺠـﺎم ا ﯾـ ﻦ ﻧـﻮع ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت در اﻗﺼﯽ ﻧﻘﺎط ﮐﺸﻮر اﯾﺮان از اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدي ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ. ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ در ﺳـﺎل ﻫـﺎ ي اﺧﯿـ ﺮ در ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ اﯾﺮان ﺑﺨﺼﻮص ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﺮان ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎت ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﯿﮏ درﺧﻮر ﺗـﻮﺟﻬ ﯽ اﻧﺠـﺎم ﺷـﺪه اﺳﺖ. آﺧﺎﻧﯽ (آﺧﺎﻧﯽ، 1383) ﻓﻠﻮر ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﮔﻠﺴﺘﺎن را ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﻧﻤﻮد، اﮐﺒﺮ يﻧﯿﺎ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ( اﮐﺒﺮيﻧﯿـﺎ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1383) ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎر روﯾﺸﯽ و ﮐﻮروﻟﻮژي ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﺗﻮس در ﺳـﻨﮕﺪه ﺳﺎري ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ، ﻋﺼﺮي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (ﻋﺼﺮي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1386) اﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﺎت ﮔﯿـ ﺎﻫﯽ ذﺧﯿـ ﺮهﮔـﺎه ﺑ ﯿﻮﺳـﻔﺮ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮑﺎﻟﻪ را ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ، آﺗﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (آﺗﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1388) ﻓﻠـﻮر ﺟﻨﮕـﻞ ﻫـﺎ ي ﺷـﺮق دوداﻧﮕﻪ را ﺗﺸﺮﯾﺢ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ، ﺳﯿﺎدﺗﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (Siadati et al., 2010) ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﺧﯿﺮودﮐﻨـﺎر را ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻒ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ. ﻗﻠ ﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران (ﻗﻠـﯽ ﭘـﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 1380 و 1383) ﻓﻠـﻮر ، ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿـ ﺎي ﮔﯿـ ﺎﻫﯽ و ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎه ﺣﯿﺎت وﺣـﺶ دوداﻧﮕـﻪ و ﭼﻬﺎرداﻧﮕـﻪ و ﭘـﺎرك ﻣﻠـ ﯽ ﮐﯿﺎﺳـﺮ را ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌـﻪ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧـﺪ ، ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧ ﯽﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ( ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﯽﻧﮋاد و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 1390) ﻓﻠـﻮر، ﺷـﮑﻞ ز ﯾﺴـﺘ ﯽ و ﭘـﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓ ﯿـ ﺎﯾﯽ ﭘﻨﺎﻫﮕﺎه ﺣﯿـ ﺎت وﺣـﺶ ﺳﻤﺴـﮑﻨﺪه و دﺷـﺖ ﻧـﺎز را ﻣﻌﺮﻓـ ﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧـﺪ ، ﻧﻘـ ﯽﻧـﮋاد و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران ( ﻧﻘـﯽ ﻧـﮋاد و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران،1393) ﭘﮋوﻫﺸﯽ در ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ ﺷﺪه ﺳﯽ ﺑﻦ و ﻣﺎزي ﺑﻦ راﻣﺴﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧـﺪ، ﻣـﺮاد ي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (ﻣﺮادي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1392) ﺑﻪ ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ، ﻋﻨﺎﺻﺮ روﯾﺸـ ﯽ و زﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن اﻃﺮاف ﺳﺪ ﺳﭙﯿﺪرود ﭘﺮداﺧﺘﻨﺪ، ﺣﺒﯿﺒﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (ﺣﺒﯿﺒﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1392) ﻓﻠﻮر ﭘﺎرك ﻣﻠﯽ ﭘﺎﺑﻨـﺪ در Downloaded from pec.gonbad.ac.ir at 6:30 +0330 on Friday October 1st 2021 اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران را ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ، ﺗﻮﮐﻠﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران (ﺗﻮﮐﻠﯽ و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 1392) ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن ز ﯾﺴـﺘﮕﺎه ﻫـﺎ ي آﺑﯽ ﺷﺮق و ﻏﺮب اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران را ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ، اﺳﻤﺎﻋﯿ ﻞزاده و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران (اﺳـﻤﺎﻋﯿﻞ زاده و ﻫﻤﮑـﺎران، 1393) ﻓﻠﻮر ﺟﻨﮕﻞﻫﺎي ﺻﻼحاﻟﺪﯾ ﻦﮐﻼ ﻧﻮﺷﻬﺮ را ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﮐﺮدﻧﺪ و رﺳﺎم و ﻣﺸﺎﯾﺨﯿﺎن (رﺳﺎم و ﻣﺸﺎﯾﺨﯿﺎن، 1394) ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و اﻧﺘﺸﺎر ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن داروﯾﯽ در زﯾﺴـﺖ ﺑـﻮم ﻫـﺎ ي ﻃﺒﯿﻌـ ﯽ ﺷـ ﯿﺮوان را ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻧﻤﻮدﻧﺪ. ﻗﻠ ﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ( ﻗﻠﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1393) ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ اﺗﻨﻮﺑﻮﺗﺎﻧﯿﮑﯽ در زﻣﯿﻨـﻪ ﮔ ﯿﺎﻫـﺎن داروﯾﯽ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن زارمرود اﻧﺠﺎم دادﻧﺪ. ﻋﻠﯿﺮﻏﻢ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶﻫﺎي اﻧﺠﺎم ﺷﺪه، ﻫﻨﻮز ﻓﻠﻮر، ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن و ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ زﯾﺎدي در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ اﯾﺮان از ﺟﻤﻠﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻧﺸﺪهاﻧﺪ. دﻫﺴﺘﺎن زارمرود در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺰارﺟﺮﯾﺐ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑـﺎ از اﺳـﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧـﺪران ، ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ اي ﮐﻮﻫﺴـﺘﺎﻧﯽ در ﻣﺤﺪوده ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1700 ﺗﺎ 2100 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ ﺑﺎ 41 روﺳﺘﺎ و ﺣﺪود 11 ﻫـﺰار ﻧﻔـﺮ ﺟﻤﻌ ﯿـ ﺖ از ﻧﻈـﺮ 156 ﻋﺒﺎس ﻗﻠﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﭘﻮﺷﺶ و ﺗﻨﻮع ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ دﭼﺎر آﺳﯿﺐ ﺟﺪي ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻋﻠﻤـ ﯽ ﻣﻮﺟـﻮد ﻧﺸـﺎن داد ﮐـﻪ ﻫﻨـﻮز ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺟﺎﻣﻌﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻓﻠﻮر دﻫﺴﺘﺎنزارم رود اﻧﺠﺎم ﻧﺸﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑـﺎ ﺗﻮﺟـﻪ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﻮﺳـﻌﻪ و ﮔﺴﺘﺮش ﻓﻌﺎﻟﯿ ﺖﻫﺎي اﻧﺴﺎﻧﯽ در اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺖ ﻓﻠﻮر آن ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﻣﯿﺮاث ﻃﺒﯿﻌـ ﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ دارا ي اﻫﻤﯿﺖ زﯾﺎدي اﺳﺖ. ﻫﺪف از اﯾﻦ ﭘﮋوﻫﺶ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻓﻠﻮر، اﺷﮑﺎل زﯾﺴﺘﯽ و ﭘـﺮاﮐﻨﺶ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓ ﯿـ ﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن دﻫﺴـﺘﺎن زارم رود ﻣ ﯽﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺗﺎ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻮﺟﻮد در ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ و ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ از اﯾﻦ ﺟﻨﺒﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻮد، و ﺑـﺮ اﺳﺎس آن ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪﻫﺎي ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺘﯽ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﻆ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ اﻣﮑﺎن ﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﮔﺮدد؛ ﭼﺮا ﮐـﻪ ﺑـﺪون داﺷﺘﻦ اﻃﻼﻋﺎت درﺑﺎره ﻓﻠﻮر، ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ زﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎﻫﯽ اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ، ﻧﻤ ﯽﺗﻮان راﻫﮑﺎرﻫﺎي اﺻـﻮﻟ ﯽ ﺟﻬﺖ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ از ذﺧﺎﯾﺮ ژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ را اراﺋﻪ ﻧﻤﻮد. ﻣﻌﺮﻓﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ دﻫﺴﺘﺎنزارم رود در ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺰارﺟﺮﯾﺐ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ (اﺳﺘﺎن ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران- ﺷﻤﺎل اﯾﺮان) ﻗﺮار دارد. اﯾﻦ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪاي ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ در داﻣﻨﻪ ارﺗﻔﺎﻋﯽ 1700 ﺗﺎ 2100 ﻣﺘﺮ از ﺳﻄﺢ درﯾﺎ اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺪوده وﺳﯿﻌﯽ از ﺑﺨﺶ ﻫﺰارﺟﺮﯾﺐ در ﺿﻠﻊ ﺷﻤﺎﻟﯽ و ﺷﺮﻗﯽ آن را ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺷﺪه و از ﺷﻤﺎل ﺑﻪ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﭘ ﯽرﺟﻪ ﻧﮑﺎ، و ﺑﺨﺶ ﯾ ﺎﻧﻪﺳﺮ ﺑﻬﺸﻬﺮ، از ﺟﻨﻮب ﺑﻪ اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن (ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن داﻣﻐﺎن) و از ﻣﺸﺮق ﺑﺎ ﯾ ﺎﻧﻪﺳﺮ ﺑﻬﺸﻬﺮ و اﺳﺘﺎن ﺳﻤﻨﺎن و از ﻣﻐﺮب ﺑﺎ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن اﺳﺘﺨﺮﭘﺸﺖ ﻫﻢ ﻣﺮز اﺳﺖ (ﺷﮑﻞ 1). ﭘﻮﺷﺶ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺮﺣﺴﺐ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﻣﯿﺰان ارﺗﻔﺎع از ﺣﺎﻟﺖ ﺟﻨﮕﻠﯽ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮاﺗﻊ وﻋﻠﻔﺰارﻫﺎي ﻣﺘﺮاﮐﻢ ﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ اﺳﺖ. اﯾﻦ دﻫﺴﺘﺎن ﺑﺎ ﺣﺪود 609 ﮐﯿﻠﻮﻣﺘﺮﻣﺮﺑﻊ وﺳﻌﺖ ﺣﺪود 11 ﻫﺰار ﻧﻔﺮ ﺟﻤﻌﯿﺖ را در ﺧﻮد ﺟﺎي داده و از 41 روﺳﺘﺎ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯾﺖ روﺳﺘﺎي زﯾﺎرﺗﮑﻼ ﻻﺋﯽ ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺨﺶ ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪت ﻧﺎﻫﻤﻮار ﺑﻮده و ﺷﯿﺐ داﻣﻨﻪﻫﺎ در آن زﯾﺎد اﺳﺖ و ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﭘﺎراﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎي ﻣﻮرد ﺑﺮرﺳﯽ درﺧﺼﻮص ﺑﺎرش، رﻃﻮﺑﺖ، Downloaded from pec.gonbad.ac.ir at 6:30 +0330 on Friday October 1st 2021 ﺗﺒﺨﯿﺮﺳﻨﺠﯽ و ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻋﻮاﻣﻞ اﮐﻮﻟﻮژﯾﮏ، اﯾﻨﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺑﺮآورد ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ در ﻓﺼﻞ ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن از اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﻣﻌﺘﺪل و ﺧﻨﮏ و در ﻓﺼﻞ زﻣﺴﺘﺎن از اﻗﻠﯿﻢ ﺳﺮد و ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎً ﭘﺮ ﺑﺎرش ﺑﺮﺧﻮردار ﺑﻮده، اﻗﻠﯿﻢ آن ﻣﻌﺘﺪل ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ اﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﻧﺰدﯾ ﮏﺗﺮﯾﻦ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﻫﻮاﺷﻨﺎﺳﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﻣﻮرد ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﯿﻨﻮﭘﺘﯿﮏ ﮐﯿﺎﺳﺮ اﺳﺖ، از اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﯾﻦ اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ وﯾﮋﮔ ﯽﻫﺎي اﻗﻠﯿﻤﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ. ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨﺪي ﮐﻮﭘﻦ، اﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ 650 ﻣﯿﻠﯽﻣﺘﺮ در ﮔﺮوه ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺮد و ﮐﻮﻫﺴﺘﺎﻧﯽ ﻗﺮار ﻣﯽﮔﯿﺮد. ﻧﻤﻮدار ﺑﺎران دﻣﺎﯾﯽ (آﻣﺒﺮوﺗﺮﻣﯿﮏ) ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ ﺣﺪ ﻓﺎﺻﻞ ﺳﺎلﻫﺎي 1370 اﻟﯽ 1391، ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﯿﺎﻧﮕﺮ ﺷﺮاﯾﻂ آب و ﻫﻮاﯾﯽ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﻪ و ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﻃﻮل و ﺷﺪت دوره ﭘﺮ ﺑﺎران و ﮐﻢ ﺑﺎران آن اﺳﺖ (ﺷﮑﻞ 2). 157 ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺣﻔﺎﻇﺖ زﯾﺴﺖ ﺑﻮم ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن/ دوره ﭘﻨﺠﻢ، ﺷﻤﺎره دﻫﻢ، ﺑﻬﺎر و ﺗﺎﺑﺴﺘﺎن 96 ﺷﮑﻞ 1- ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻐﺮاﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺷﻬﺮﺳﺘﺎن ﻧﮑﺎ ودﻫﺴﺘﺎنزارم رود در ﻣﺎزﻧﺪران Downloaded from pec.gonbad.ac.ir at 6:30 +0330 on Friday October 1st 2021 ﺷﮑﻞ 2- ﻣﻨﺤﻨﯽ آﻣﺒﺮوﺗﺮﻣﯿﮏ ﻃﯽ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي1370 اﻟﯽ 1391 ﺑﺮاﺳﺎس اﻃﻼﻋﺎت اﯾﺴﺘﮕﺎه ﺳﯿﻨﻮﭘﺘﯿﮏ ﮐﯿﺎﺳﺮ ( دﻣﺎ ، ﺑﺎرﻧﺪﮔﯽ ) 158 ﻋﺒﺎس ﻗﻠﯽﭘﻮر و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران ﻣﻮاد و روشﻫﺎ ﭘﺲ از ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ روﺳﺘﺎﻫﺎ و راه ﻫﺎي ارﺗﺒﺎﻃﯽ در ﻧﻮاﺣﯽ ﺻﻌﺐ اﻟﻌﺒﻮر و ﺗﻬﯿـﻪ ﻧﻘﺸـﻪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘـﻪ، ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن ﺧﻮدرو در ﻓﺼﻮل ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎي 1391 و 1392 از روﯾﺸﮕﺎهﻫﺎي ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري و ﻫﺮ ﮐﺪام ﺑﻪﻃـﻮر ﻣﺠﺰا ﺷﻤﺎرهﮔﺬاري ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ در ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﯾﻮم ﭘﺮس و ﺧﺸﮏ ﺷﺪه، ﺑﺎ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﻓﻠﻮرﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺷــﺎﻣﻞ ﻓﻠــﻮرا اﯾﺮاﻧﯿﮑــﺎ (Rechinger, 1963-2010)، ﻓﻠــﻮر ﺗﺮﮐﯿــﻪ (Davis, 1965-1988)، ﻓﻠــﻮر روﺳــﯿﻪ (Komarov, 1963-2001) و ﻓﻠﻮر اﯾﺮان (اﺳﺪي و ﻫﻤﮑﺎران، 1367-1391) ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ و ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻧﺎم ﺷـﺪﻧﺪ. ﻫﻤﻪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ در ﻫﺮﺑﺎرﯾﻮم داﻧﺸﮕﺎه ﭘﯿﺎم ﻧـﻮر ﺳـﺎر ي (SPNH) ﻧﮕﻬـﺪار ي ﻣـ ﯽﺷـﻮ ﻧﺪ. ﻧـﺎم ﻋﻠﻤـ ﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﮔﺰارش ﺷﺪه و ﻧﺎم ﻣﻮﻟﻔﯿﻦ آﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺎ اﯾﻨﺪﮐﺲ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻟﻤﻠﻠﯽ ﻧﺎمﻫـﺎ ي ﮔﯿﺎﻫـﺎن (IPNI) ﻣﻄﺎﺑﻘـﺖ داده ﺷﺪ (Maclin and Moris, 2007). اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺗﯿ ﺮهﻫـﺎ ي ﻣﻌﺮﻓـ ﯽ ﺷـﺪه ﺑﺮاﺳـﺎس آﺧـﺮ ﯾﻦ ﺗﻐﯿﯿـ ﺮات در ردهﺑﻨﺪي ﮔﺮوهﻫﺎي ﻓﯿﻠﻮژﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻧﻬﺎﻧﺪاﻧﮕﺎن (APG III) ذﮐﺮ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ. ﺑﺮاي ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻋﻨﺼـﺮ رو ﯾﺸـ ﯽ (ﮐﻮروﺗﯿـ ﭗ)، از Zohary et al., 1980-) Conspectus Flora orientalis 1994)، ﻓﻠﻮر روﺳﯿﻪ و ﻣﻨﺎﺑﻊ اﯾﻨﺘﺮﻧﺘﯽ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﺪ و ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ در ﺑﯿﺶ از دو ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ ﭘـﺮاﮐﻨﺶ داﺷـﺘﻨﺪ ﺟﺰو ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎي ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﺎﺣﯿ ﻪاي در ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ. ﺷﮑﻞ ﺣﯿﺎﺗﯽ ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻃﺒﻘﻪﺑﻨـﺪ ي راﻧﮑﯿـ ﻪ ﮐـﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻣﯽ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﺎن را ﺑﺮ اﺳﺎس ﻣﻮﻗﻌﯿﺖ ﺟﻮاﻧﻪ اﻧﺘﻬﺎﯾﯽ در 5 ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﻓﺎﻧﺮوﻓﯿـ ﺖ، ﮐﺎﻣـ ﻪﻓﯿـ ﺖ، ﻫﻤـ ﯽﮐﺮﯾﭙﺘﻮﻓﯿـ ﺖ، ﮐﺮﯾﭙﺘﻮﻓﯿﺖ و ﺗﺮوﻓﯿﺖ ﻗﺮار داده، ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﺷﺪ (Raunkiaer, 1934). ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ در ﻣﺠﻤﻮع از 235 ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﮔﯿﺎﻫﯽ ﺟﻤﻊآوري ﺷﺪه از دﻫﺴـﺘﺎن زارم رود، ﺗﻌـﺪاد 172 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ﮔ ﯿـ ﺎﻫﯽ از 146 ﺟﻨﺲ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻪ 69 ﺗﯿﺮه ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﮔﺮدﯾﺪ (ﺟﺪول 1). از ﻟﺤﺎظ ﺗﻌﺪاد ﮔﻮﻧﻪﻫﺎ و ﺟﻨﺲﻫﺎ ﺑـﻪ ﺗﺮﺗ ﯿـ ﺐ Rosaceae Fabaceae ﺑﺎ 16 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (3/9 درﺻـﺪ ) و 12 ﺟـﻨﺲ ، ﺑـﺎ 13 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ ( 5/7 درﺻـﺪ ) و 11 ﺟـﻨﺲ ، Downloaded from pec.gonbad.ac.ir at 6:30 +0330 on Friday October 1st 2021 Lamiaceae ﺑﺎ 13 ﮔﻮﻧﻪ (5/7 درﺻﺪ) و 9 ﺟﻨﺲ و Asteraceae ﺑﺎ 11 ﮔﻮﻧـﻪ (3/6 درﺻـﺪ ) و 10 ﺟـﻨﺲ ﻏﻨ ﯽﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺗﯿ ﺮهﻫﺎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ (ﺟﺪول 1و ﺷﮑﻞﻫـﺎ ي 3 و 4).
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    UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MILANO Dottorato in Scienze Farmacologiche Sperimentali e Cliniche XXXII ciclo Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari VALIDATION OF PLANTS TRADITIONALLY USED FOR SKIN INFLAMMATION Settore Scientifico Disciplinare BIO/14 Saba KHALILPOUR Tutor: Prof. Mario DELL’AGLI Coordinatore: Prof. Alberico L. CATAPANO A.A. 2018 - 2019 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS .........................................................................................2 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................6 LIST OF SYMBOLS ...............................................................................................8 RIASSUNTO ...........................................................................................................9 ABSTRACT ...........................................................................................................12 CHAPTER ONE ....................................................................................................15 1. Introduction ...........................................................................................15 1.1 Basic structure and functions of the skin .........................................................15 1.1.1 Epidermis .................................................................................16 1.1.1.1 Keratinocytes ......................................................................18 1.1.1.2 Other cell types ..................................................................19
  • Bulletin Winter 2002 Volume 48 Number 4

    Bulletin Winter 2002 Volume 48 Number 4

    BULLETIN WINTER 2002 VOLUME 48 NUMBER 4 Sarah P. Duke Gardens..................................................................................................................126 News from the Society Bill Dahl, Executive Director............................................................................................130 News from the Sections P Archives and History Section..........................................................................................130 Personalia Darbaker Prize, Dr. Arthur Grossman...........................................................................131 2002 Lawrence Memorial Award, Andrew L. Hipp.....................................................131 Plowman Research Award, Pedro Lezama Asencio................................................131 Courses/Workshops Highlands Biological Station Course Offerings in 2003...........................................132 Symposia, Conferences, Meetings Deep Achene: The Compositae Alliance First International Meeting, South Africa........................................................................................................133 Illinois Symposium on Invasive Species.....................................................................135 Second International Elm Conference.........................................................................135 4th International Plant Biomechanics Conference....................................................135 International Solanaceae Conference and Poster Photo Competition.................136 Other News Plant Group
  • Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections

    Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex Situ Betulaceae Collections

    Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections By Emily Beech, Kirsty Shaw and Meirion Jones June 2015 Recommended citation: Beech, E., Shaw, K., & Jones, M. 2015. Global Survey of Ex situ Betulaceae Collections. BGCI. Acknowledgements BGCI gratefully acknowledges the many botanic gardens around the world that have contributed data to this survey (a full list of contributing gardens is provided in Annex 2). BGCI would also like to acknowledge the assistance of the following organisations in the promotion of the survey and the collection of data, including the Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh, Yorkshire Arboretum, University of Liverpool Ness Botanic Gardens, and Stone Lane Gardens & Arboretum (U.K.), and the Morton Arboretum (U.S.A). We would also like to thank contributors to The Red List of Betulaceae, which was a precursor to this ex situ survey. BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) BGCI is a membership organization linking botanic gardens is over 100 countries in a shared commitment to biodiversity conservation, sustainable use and environmental education. BGCI aims to mobilize botanic gardens and work with partners to secure plant diversity for the well-being of people and the planet. BGCI provides the Secretariat for the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. www.bgci.org FAUNA & FLORA INTERNATIONAL (FFI) FFI, founded in 1903 and the world’s oldest international conservation organization, acts to conserve threatened species and ecosystems worldwide, choosing solutions that are sustainable, based on sound science and take account of human needs. www.fauna-flora.org GLOBAL TREES CAMPAIGN (GTC) GTC is undertaken through a partnership between BGCI and FFI, working with a wide range of other organisations around the world, to save the world’s most threated trees and the habitats which they grow through the provision of information, delivery of conservation action and support for sustainable use.
  • Wood Anatomy of Echium (Boraginaceae) Sherwin Carlquist Claremont Graduate University; Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden

    Wood Anatomy of Echium (Boraginaceae) Sherwin Carlquist Claremont Graduate University; Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden

    Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany Volume 7 | Issue 2 Article 7 1970 Wood Anatomy of Echium (Boraginaceae) Sherwin Carlquist Claremont Graduate University; Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso Part of the Botany Commons Recommended Citation Carlquist, Sherwin (1970) "Wood Anatomy of Echium (Boraginaceae)," Aliso: A Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany: Vol. 7: Iss. 2, Article 7. Available at: http://scholarship.claremont.edu/aliso/vol7/iss2/7 ALISO VoL. 7, No. 2, pp. 183-199 JUNE 22, 1970 WOOD ANATOMY OF ECHIUM (BORAGINACEAE) SHERWIN CARLQUIST1 Claremont Graduate School and Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, California INTRODUCTION Echium is a genus of interest with relation to islands: annual and short­ lived perennial species occur within the Mediterranean region, but species on the Atlantic Islands have a great variety of growth forms, most notably some shrubs much woodier than any non-insular echiums. Other typically herbaceous dicotyledonous groups in which species of the Atlantic Islands are appreciably woodier than non-insular ones include Centaurea and Sonchus ( Asteraceae); Cheiranthus, Crambe, Descurainia, Parolinia, and Sinapodendron ( Brassicaceae); Convolvulus ( Convolvulaceae); and Plan­ tago ( Plantaginaceae). The tendency for Macaronesian species to be woodier than their main­ land relatives has naturally given rise to interpretations. The rosette shrubs of these islands are quite characteristic; such shrubs were termed "Feder­ buschgewachse" by Schenck ( 1907). These suggest to some workers her­ baceous groups in which the notably moderate climate of islands has per­ mitted continued growth; in these groups there is natural selection for plants that are of longer duration and increased woodiness, suiting the year-long growing season of such insular areas.
  • 134 CONVOLVULUS CANTABRICA L. (Convolvulaceae) in the «Lower Prut» Biosphere Reserve (Republic of Moldova)

    134 CONVOLVULUS CANTABRICA L. (Convolvulaceae) in the «Lower Prut» Biosphere Reserve (Republic of Moldova)

    134 JOURNAL OF BOTANY VOL. XII, NR. 2(21), 2020 https://doi.org/10.52240/1857-2367.2020.2(21).21 CONVOLVULUS CANTABRICA L. (CONVOLVULACEAE) IN THE «LOWeR PRUt» BiOsPHeRe ReseRve (RePUBLic OF MOLDOVA) Polina CASSIR1, Tatiana IZVERSCAIA2, Nina CIOCARLAN2, Veaceslav GHENDOV2 1Natural Scientific Reserve” Lower Prut”, Slobozia Mare (Cahul), Republic of Moldova 2“Al. Ciubotaru” National Botanical Garden (Institute), Chisinau, Republic of Moldova Abstract: The morphometric parameters, density of individuals, reproductive strategy and the ability of adaptation of the populations of Convolvulus cantabrica L. in the “Lower Prut” Biosphere reserve (Cahul district) were studied. There were registered 7 fragmented populations (the biggest being cca 0,5 ha). Key words: Convolvulus cantabrica, flora, “Lower Prut” biosphere reserve, Republic of Moldova Currently, the processes of extinction of species and a decrease in the area of habitats of natural and semi-natural steppe vegetation are increasing. There is an urgent need to study the current state of conservation of rare and valuable plant species found in such areas. Due to the increasing sensitivity to changes in environmental conditions, accompanied by increased anthropogenic pressure, many species of steppe plants are considered endangered, many of them are taken under state protection. In the year 2000, after the adherence of the Republic of Moldova to the Ramsar convention, the lake area of Lower Prut got the status of wetland of international importance. The Ramsar convention calls for the wise use of wetlands and adjacent territories, and the Convention on Biological Diversity promotes the ecosystem approach for sustainable management of natural resources, it follows that for the improvement of ecosystem quality in the lower Prut region.