LOUISE FRECHETTE ON NUCLEAR POWER PLANT PROLIFERATION

November–December 2007

Job No.1

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November–December 2007

Job No.1

DEFENCEDEFENCE MINISTER PETER MACKAY ON CANADA’S HEAVY LIFTING

MILITARY AFFAIRS ANALYST DAVID PUGLIESE ONON “HARD POWER”

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Volume 18, Number 5 PUBLISHER Neil Reynolds ASSOCIATE PUBLISHER Donna Jacobs Table of EDITOR Jennifer Campbell ART DIRECTOR Paul Cavanaugh CONTENTS CONTRIBUTING EDITORS Daniel Drolet George Abraham CULTURE EDITOR DIPLOMATICA| Margo Roston Verbatim: The year of the potato, sanitation and languages ...... 3 COPY EDITOR Good Deeds: Austria helps the Thirteen Strings Orchestra ...... 5 Roger Bird Diplomatic Agenda: Macedonia’s plea to join Europe ...... 6 CONTRIBUTING WRITERS Questions Asked: Louise Frechette on the world’s trouble spots . . . . .8 Nipa Banerjee Stephen Beckta Laura Neilson-Bonikowsky DISPATCHES| Margaret Dickenson Charles Enman Canada at War George Fetherling Defence boss Peter MacKay on Canada’s ramped-up efforts ...... 10 Peter MacKay Sasko Nasev The guns of Hillier and Harper – Canada’s new attitude ...... 13 David Pugliese Norris Pettis – a soldier turned diplomat ...... 18 CONTRIBUTING PHOTOGRAPHERS Despite criticism, there are successes in Afghanistan ...... 20 Larry Dickenson Canada’s military profile – 2,900 troops, 16 missions ...... 21 Colin Rowe Two-page map: Canada’s military operations ...... 22 Frank Scheme Lois Siegel Danilo Velasquez DELIGHTS| Dyanne Wilson Entertaining: Time for the main course ...... 26 BUSINESS MANAGEMENT Homes: Brazil’s residence radiates ...... 28 Jessie Reynolds WEBMASTER Canadiana: The poet and the poppy ...... 31 Leslee McCabe Wine: “I’ll take a screwcap any day” ...... 33 PUBLISHER EMERITUS Envoy’s Album ...... 34 Lezlee Cribb SUBSCRIPTIONS Diplomat & International Canada is published six DIGNITARIES| times a year. Subscription rates: individual, one Rwanda, Dominican Republic and Serbia send new envoys ...... 36 year $35.70. For Canadian orders add 7 per cent GST. U.S. orders please add $15 for postage. All ...... 39 other orders please add $25. DIPLOMATIC MISSIONS SUBMISSIONS Diplomat & International Canada welcomes DESTINATIONS| submissions. Contact Jennifer Campbell, editor, Visit the Ohio home of Harman and Margaret Blennerhassett ...... 44 at [email protected] or (613) 231-8476. DIPLOMAT & INTERNATIONAL CANADA P.O Box 1173, Station B Ottawa, Ontario Canada K1P 5R2 Phone: (613) 259-3038 Fax: (613) 259-5481 ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. The publisher assumes no responsibility for unsolicited material. No part of this magazine may be reproduced in any form without written permission from the E-mail: [email protected] publisher. The views expressed in the articles are those of the authors. © 2007 ISSN 1190-8343 www.diplomatonline.com Publication Mail # 40957514. Return undeliverable Canadian copies to: Diplomat Magazine, P.O. Box 1173, Station B, Ottawa, ON K1P 5R2 Published by Sparrow House Enterprises Inc. EDITOR’S NOTE DIPLOMATICA|

The fight for peace CONTRIBUTORS butions instead of jibes about Canadian slack- David Pugliese, author of “Canada’s lue berets and Lester Pearson; good ing. In the same pack- military: Limits to growth” BBoy Scouts and honest brokers. If age, we look at the 16 you were thinking about Canada current Canadian mili- on the international stage even just 20 tary missions. From the years ago, those were apt symbols and lone soldier in Cyprus metaphors. But things have changed. The JENNIFER CAMPBELL to the thousands in world has changed – international ter- Afghanistan, we tell rorism, the looming end of oil, the rise of you where Canadian troops are posted, Russia, India and China have all changed and why. Finally, Canadian International the landscape. And Canada has changed Development Agency veteran Nipa too. Some Canadians are nostalgic for the Banerjee assesses the progress being blue berets and complain about the coun- made in Afghanistan. try’s presence in Afghanistan, calling it no There’s much else in this issue. We have David Pugliese, a journalist with the Ot- longer peacekeeping, but peace-making an interview with Louise Frechette, former tawa Citizen newspaper, has been writ- or peace-forcing. They might be surprised deputy secretary-general of the United ing about military affairs and the to hear that in September, Canada ranked Nations and Kofi Annan’s right-hand Canadian Armed Forces since 1982. He is 60th on a list of 119 countries that con- woman. She talks about her new preoccu- author of two books on special forces, tribute peacekeeping forces to United Na- pation with the proliferation of nuclear Canada’s Secret Commandos: The Unautho- tions missions. Pakistan leads the list and power plants and gives her opinion on the rized Story of Joint Task Force Two and Bangladesh follows. Nigeria, Ghana and war in Iraq, how the North should be gov- Shadow Wars: Special Forces in the New Bat- Uruguay are all in the top 10. That does- erned and where Canada stands in the tle Against Terrorism. Mr. Pugliese has re- n’t mean the country isn’t contributing in world. ported from war and conflict zones in other ways, of course. Canada’s deploy- In our Delights section, writer Margo Croatia, Bosnia, the Sudan, Burma, ment of 2,500 troops to the most danger- Roston gives us a look inside the home of Afghanistan, Pakistan’s Northwest Fron- ous parts of Afghanistan doesn’t count in Brazilian Ambassador Valdemar Carneiro tier, the Philippines, Haiti and the Gaza this tally because it’s a NATO, not a UN, Leao, his wife Anna, and their five-year-old Strip. effort. daughter Isabel. Wine columnist Stephen Nipa Banerjee, author of “Afghanistan’s That said, it’s clear Canada’s role as a Beckta shares his views on corks versus remarkable successes” peacekeeping nation is shifting. In screwcaps, and guess what? The lowly Afghanistan, its soldiers are at war. Given screwcap comes out ahead. Food writer this, we decided to use our November is- Margaret Dickenson brings us the main sue – the month of Remembrance Day – course in her continuing series on how to to look at where the country is and where build a proper multi-course dinner, while it’s going. Our cover package begins with Laura Bonikowsky, deputy editor of the a piece by Defence Minister Peter Canadian Encyclopedia and a self-confessed MacKay, who gives us a look at his gov- army brat, tells us all there is to know about ernment’s plans for defence. Then mili- John McCrae, author of In Flanders Fields. tary affairs writer David Pugliese talks On the last page, always devoted to interest- about Canada’s new attitude, led chiefly ing travel destinations, George Fetherling by its top soldier, Rick Hillier. brings us the story of Canada’s first female Nipa Banerjee earned her master’s and He discovers the change has meant published poet, Margaret Blennerhassett, doctoral degrees, specializing in develop- Senator Colin Kenny, who heads the Sen- and her troublemaking husband Harman in ment studies, from McMaster, Carleton ate’s committee on national security and the early 19th century. and Toronto universities. After working defence, now gets thank-yous from his for CUSO and IDRC, she worked 33 American colleagues for Canada’s contri- Jennifer Campbell is Diplomat’s editor. years in CIDA, serving both at headquar- ters and in the field. She spent 16 years UP FRONT representing CIDA in Bangladesh, In- donesia, India, Thailand, Cambodia, Laos In our cover photo, Defence Minister Peter and Afghanistan. Her most recent posting MacKay, who was then minister of foreign af- as CIDA’s head of aid was in Kabul, fairs, arrives at Camp Nathan Smith to join the where she spent three years (2003-2006). Kandahar Provincial Reconstruction Team for She joined the University of Ottawa in the dedication of the Glyn Berry Room in May July and teaches international develop- 2006. Mr. Berry was the sole diplomat among ment at the Graduate School of Public Canada’s 65 casualties in Afghanistan since the and International Affairs. Her research in- mission began in 2003. The picture was taken terests include development in post-con- by Sgt. Carole Morisette, and imagery techni- flict countries, with a focus on cian who is part of National Defence’s “Combat Afghanistan, and the effectiveness of de- Camera” team. Our cover package looks at velopment assistance in Bangladesh. Canada’s new military muscle.

2 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 VERBATIM |DIPLOMATICA

The United Nations has declared 2008 as International Year of TH E W the Potato AC ORL COR D TO DIN “The potato is a staple food in the : G The diet of the world’s population,” U nited according to the UN, which Nat ions wants to focus attention on the Gen eral Asse root vegetable “to revive pub- mbly lic awareness of the relation- ship that exists between poverty, food security, mal- nutrition and the potential con- tribution of the potato to defeating hunger.” According to the Lima, Peru-based In- ternational Potato Center, almost 213 mil- lion tons of potato – “this underestimated tuber” — are grown to eat every year, making it the third most important food crop in the world. The centre’s World Sweet Potato Atlas notes: “In some areas of the world, sweet potato is a critically important staple food, while in others, the crop is being developed for a wide variety of products, for granted. But at least 2.6 billion people efits: According to a recent World Health from animal feed to industrial starch. – some 41 per cent of the global popula- Organization study, every dollar spent on Central and southern Africa has become a tion — do not have access to latrines or improving sanitation generates an aver- particularly important regional focus, as any sort of basic sanitation facilities. As a age economic benefit of $7. The economic sweet potato is currently being developed result, millions suffer from a wide range cost of inaction is astronomical. as a means to address a serious nutri- of preventable illnesses, such as diarrhea, • “Sanitation contributes to dignity tional challenge, Vitamin A deficiency.” which claim thousands of lives each day, and social development: Sanitation en- primarily young children. hances dignity, privacy and safety, espe- And 2008 is the “Improving access to sanitation is a cially for women and girls. It improves UN International good investment [because]: convenience and social status. Sanitation Year of Sanitation • “Sanitation is vital for human health: in schools enables children, especially Every 20 seconds, a child dies as a result girls reaching puberty, to remain in the of poor sanitation. That’s 1.5 million pre- educational system. Restricted toilet op- “It’s a seemingly mundane thing that ventable deaths each year. portunities increase the chance of chronic most people in the developed world take • “Sanitation generates economic ben- constipation and is making women vul-

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nerable to violence if they are forced to world military spending in 2005, one- defecate at night and in secluded areas. third of the estimated global spending on • “Sanitation helps the environment: bottled water, or about as much as Euro- At present, each year more than 200 mil- peans spend on ice cream each year. lion tons of human waste – and vast “The UN Millennium Development quantities of waste water and solid waste Goal’s target: To reduce by half the pro- – go uncollected and untreated around portion of people without access to basic the world, fouling the environment and sanitation by 2015.” exposing millions of people to disease and squalor. Finally, 2008 is UN • “Improving sanitation is achievable! International Year Now is the time to act. of Languages “The technologies, approaches and skilled people are ready. Households, communities, local and national govern- “The General Assembly, recognizing ments, civil society, and private compa- that genuine multilingualism promotes nies all need to work together. unity in diversity and international un- “Media and public opinion around the derstanding, proclaimed 2008 the Interna- world can influence political leaders to tional Year of Languages. act now. The estimated $10 billion annual “Acting without a vote, the Assembly, cost to halve the proportion of people also recognizing that the United Nations without basic sanitation by 2015 (this is pursues multilingualism as a means of the sanitation UN Millennium Develop- promoting, protecting and preserving di- ment Goal target) is modest and afford- versity of languages and cultures glob- able. ally, emphasized the paramount “If sustained, the same investment importance of the equality of the Organi- could achieve basic sanitation for the en- zation’s six official languages (Arabic, tire world within one or two decades. Chinese, English, French, Russian and This sum is less than one per cent of Spanish). “In that regard, the Assembly re- quested the Secretary-General to ensure that all language services were given equal treatment and were provided with equally favourable working conditions and resources. The Secretary-General was also re- quested to complete the task of publish- ing all important older United Nations documents on the Organization’s website in all six official languages, on a priority basis. “Further, the Assembly emphasized the importance of making appropriate use of all the official languages in all the activities of the Department of Public In- formation, with the aim of eliminating the disparity between the use of English and the use of the five other official lan- guages. “Introducing the resolution, France’s representative said the text would ensure a “global” approach to multilingualism and would promote a reasonable vision of multilingualism at the United Nations. It would help ensure adherence to the principles of multilingualism in the Orga- nization’s daily activities and, for the first time, would underline the importance of providing technical assistance and train- ing in the local languages of beneficiary countries.” Source: United Nations website

4 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 GOOD DEEDS |DIPLOMATICA Austria’s amazing gifts

ustrian Ambassador Otto Ditz Arefers to his embassy’s contribu- tions to the Thirteen Strings Or- chestra as “our major do-gooder.” And so it is. The ambassador and his wife Mau- reen are carrying on a tradition of hosting the orchestra’s largest annual fundraiser, something Austrian ambassadors have been doing for more than a decade. The event is a garden party, held at the Ditz’s expansive Rockcliffe home on Crescent Road, and it raises $24,000 for the organization. The embassy donates the wine, the ambassador’s garden and the desserts which Maureen Ditz pre- pares herself. In recent years, Thirteen Strings has also added a “fantasy draw”

which includes airfare and a hotel in Vi- L E G E I S

enna. The embassy has also helped secure S I O that donation, said Sylvia Gazsi Gill, a L former executive director and now a vol- unteer for Thirteen Strings. Austrian Ambassador Otto Ditz is flanked by garden party-goers Dr. Beate Stock, of the National Gallery “The garden party happens in the of Canada (left), and writer Sarah Jennings. summer and the orchestra comes, and plays, and the birds sing too,” Mr. Ditz said, and added that having an outdoor some 400 well-heeled guests who show Mr. Ditz said. “We’ve sort of adopted event without a tent can be challenging. up in their finery to dine and waltz to the each other. Hopefully, it’s good for them; “We’ve had everything – rain, heat, mos- music of Thirteen Strings Orchestra. Thir- and it’s fun for us.” quitoes.” teen Strings Junior Orchestra is one of Ms. Gill describes the Austrian em- He remembered one year in particular two recipients of the ball’s proceeds. bassy as the orchestra’s “long-standing where there was a series of sun showers Walther Lichem, former Austrian am- patrons.” But other missions have also that meant the orchestra played between bassador to Canada, was instrumental in contributed. The Australian High Com- them. When it rained, everyone took establishing the ball which is now in its mission has hosted two wine-tastings to cover inside. “So it’s been fun,” he said. 12th year. raise money for the band, as has the In the winter, the ambassador acts as Today, the tradition continues with Mr. South African High Commission. The honourary patron of the Viennese Winter Ditz, who will host his fifth ball in February. Swiss ambassador also hosted a wine- Ball, a lavish affair that takes place at the He always enjoys the music. tasting. “There is such a thing as Swiss National Gallery of Canada and attracts “They’re really a marvelous orchestra,” wine,” Ms. Gill said. 2P
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DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 5 DIPLOMATIC AGENDA DIPLOMATICA| Macedonia: Will the EU reciprocate our love?

ders under British ward Island, Canada’s smallest province.) : Sasko FIRST NAME command in Kabul But, packed into that space is consider- asev and several medical able ethnic diversity. On election day, vot- LAST NAME: N an doctors at the Czech ers have a choice of six languages on their : Macedoni CITIZENSHIP hospital there. Like ballot. ENTIALS AS ENTED CRED many EU countries, Since 1992, they have put in coalition PRES 04 : Dec. 8, 20 the Republic of governments, all of which have included MBASSADOR A Macedonia is also one of the country’s ethnic Albanian par- PERIENCE: PREVIOUS EX a member of the ties. Our citizens are very proud of the Ss. Cyril and University of Francophonie and multicultural society we have, and after the Skopje Methodius in we are pleased biggest political parties, with assistance of that Canada, our EU and the U.S., signed the framework Francophonie agreement in 2001, the Republic of Mace- compatriot, de- donia became one of the most functional cided to recognize multi-ethnic democracies in southeastern our constitutional name in bilat- Europe. eral communication. Our dedication to European culture ccording to the polls conducted My country’s goal is to meet all Euro- and sport is strong and my compatriots Aby the European Union, more pean requirements for a functional respect the most fundamental EU values than 84 per cent of the citizens of democracy and a market economy and to – freedom, security and justice. Freedom the Republic of Macedonia want to see complete our membership obligations by of speech, human rights and the rule of their country become a full member of 2010. To this end, the goal of the current law have been the basis of the new Mace- the Union. And 80 per cent want to see government and the president is to im- donian democracy since September 8, my home country become a full member plement the European reform agenda and 1991, when the state organized a referen- of NATO. start accession negotiations in 2008. dum for separation from the former Yu- Symbolically speaking, my country’s But in true love, one side is not goslav federation. flag features a yellow sun. And given that enough. We are in love with the EU be- Almost every young man and woman the sun is also a star, we think the star of knows Beethoven’s Ode to Joy, the EU an- the Republic of Macedonia would fit them. We celebrate May 9 for two reasons nicely with the 12 stars on the EU flag. To – it is Victory Day, marking the end of the date, the EU has 27 countries with three Second World War in Europe, and it is countries in Southeastern Europe – Croa- also the Day of Europe. On that day, the tia, Turkey and the Republic of Macedo- office of the EU in Skopje gives an award nia – as EU candidate countries. The to a prominent journalist for promoting Republic of Macedonia is the newest of EU values to the domestic audience. the three; it got in line in December 2005. Our citizens have empathy, not just But our cooperation with EU dates back sympathy, for the European Union. It is, to 1992 when we appointed diplomatic after all, a way of life familiar to the hun- representative in Brussels and when the dreds of thousands of European Union EU opened an office in our capital, citizens whose country of origin is the Re- Skopje. public of Macedonia. We were the first country in the region We are linked to Europe through trade to sign the Stabilization and Association – about 63 per cent of our imports come Agreement in 2001. The agreement is the from the EU and about 54 per cent of our legal framework of bilateral cooperation exports go into EU countries. The biggest in advance of a country’s EU accession. foreign investments in our economy The agreement has opened a regular dia- come from Austria, Greece, Germany, logue between Macedonia and the Euro- cause we believe we are Europeans. We Hungary, Slovenia and the United King- pean Union. are Europe’s citizens, the same as people dom. The Republic of Macedonia is also in- from every country on the old continent. We are not the poorest would-be EU volved in common European foreign and We are also optimists as we wait and member but challenges do exist. We must security policies. Our army and medical wonder whether European Union will re- fight corruption and we do. On the World personnel are part of the EU mission in ciprocate our love. Bank’s list of corrupt countries, the Re- Bosnia and Herzegovina. Together with The Republic of Macedonia has public of Macedonia moved forward by Canadian troops and those of other EU slightly more than two million citizens. 21 positions in just one year. and NATO countries, we are part of the It’s tiny, about 25,500 square kilometers Also, negotiations and misunderstand- mission in Afghanistan. We have 126 sol- (about four times larger than Prince Ed- ings between the government and the op-

6 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 DIPLOMATIC AGENDA |DIPLOMATICA

position from time to time are too slowly resolved. But these are the conditions of rk nth any young democracy. We have been in- Pa mo liffe per kc 00 dependent only for 16 years, the same as oc 3,5 k 0 R t $ ar ,00 ren some other Central European countries e P 79 or liff $5 th F kc se on that are already members of the EU and oc lea m R or er le 0 p NATO, while we are still just cousins. sa 90 or $2 My country has good credit ratings F or with international banks and it has the best possible cooperation with the Inter- national Monetary Fund. The economic reform process is very fast. We are ranked k Par ffe fourth among reforming countries, ac- kcli .00 oc ,000 R 850 $1, MY COUNTRY HAS GOOD CREDIT RATINGS WITH INTERNATIONAL BANKS AND IT HAS THE BEST POSSI- BLE COOPERATION WITH INTERNA-

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DOWN BY TWO PERCENTAGE POINTS IN 2009). cording to the last report by the World Bank. Our business taxes are among the lowest in Europe (they are now at 12 per cent and will go down by two percentage points in 2009). Further, our dedication to new technologies and sustainable devel- opment is evident. Information technol- ogy and services accounted for more than 60 per cent of our GDP in the last several years. We take care of the environment. I don’t think of yesterday any more. Instead, I would like to know when the European future will come to my front yard. In Pascal Fontaine’s book, Europe in 12 Lessons, he writes that “the enlarged European Union is part of a rapidly and radically changing world that needs to find new stability.” My country could help bring that new stability closer. The EU project with the Republic of Macedo- nia and all countries from the Western Balkans would be complete. The sun is a star, just like the 12 stars on the EU flag. The sun gives life to us, we who are citizens of the Europe’s soil.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 7 QUESTIONS ASKED DIPLOMATICA| Nuclear power plant proliferation: Louise Frechette’s preoccupation

Louise Frechette is among Canada’s most accomplished diplomats. She joined the is very narrow because their concerns foreign service in 1971 and received her and their requirements are sometimes first posting as ambassador in 1985 when almost irreconcilable. But there have she was sent to Argentina. In 1998, UN been episodes in the past where, when Secretary-General Kofi Annan created a we have had strong leadership and new position – deputy secretary-general positive, helpful engagement from the – and Ms. Frechette was chosen from a United States, we have appeared close list of eminent candidates. After a seven- – certainly a lot closer than we are to- year post, she returned to Canada to day. work as a distinguished fellow with the DM: Centre for International Governance In- Tell me about the nuclear energy novation (CIGI). On the October day projectLF: you’re working on with CIGI. she delivered the Bronfman lecture at My project is based on the assump- the University of Ottawa, she sat tion that we are likely to see a signifi- down with Diplomat’s editor, Jennifer cant increase in the number of nuclear Campbell, to talk about everything power plants because oil will become from the Middle East to the Arctic. expensive and we have to reduce greenhouse gases. My project is to ex- DIPLOMAT MAGAZINE: amine the common rules we have Can you iden- given ourselves to make sure nuclear tify what you see as the world’s energy is exported in as safe and se- biggest trouble spot and offer some cure way as possible and [to assess] solutions? whether these tools are robust enough. LOUISE FRECHETTE: There is, of course, the Nuclear Non- Is that all you Proliferation Treaty but attached to this want? (laughs) Well, I think the there are all kinds of other conventions world’s biggest trouble spots don’t on the transport of nuclear material, on have easy solutions. The number disposal of nuclear material and safe one that comes to my mind is the exploitation and security. There are in- Middle East and by now it’s not formal groupings like the nuclear sup- just Israel and Palestine. It’s also pliers group which are countries that Lebanon, Syria. All of it is ex- have nuclear power plants and have tremely complex and the reper- agreed on a common set of rules about cussions of not finding solutions how and to whom they will export. are worldwide. They’re world- There are all these international agree- wide in terms of the divisions ments and arrangements but how solid that they create amongst the are they, and are they really respected? players and their friends and I think, faced with the possibility of sponsors. They create economic many many more nuclear power uncertainty because it’s an area plants, it’s worth looking to see if there rich in oil. It is one of the rea- are things that could be done to ensure sons—but I think it’s an over- that nuclear material doesn’t fall into simplification to say that it’s the wrong hands and to ensure that we the biggest reason—for the don’t have nuclear incidents like we sudden emergence of interna- had at Chernobyl because that didn’t tional terrorism. When you affect only the people at Chernobyl, it put all of this together, I affected people around the region. think if there’s one trouble This whole nuclear issue is a big spot, this is it. If there piece of unfinished business and there were some progress on are big problems, for example with Israel-Palestine conflict, North Korea and with Iran. I’ve been that would help. It thinking about it for a while. There are R

U would take real lead- a lot of think-tanks looking at what to O M L I ership in Israel do with Iran and North Korea but G

R E I

K and Pales- there aren’t so many that are looking at tine. The space nuclear energy. The Non-Proliferation

8 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 QUESTIONS ASKED |DIPLOMATICA

Treaty says it’s perfectly okay to have it. So I thought, let’s look at that. Besfobmjofpgepxoupxo/Tfsfojuzpgbtvjuf/ DM: What are your thoughts at this pointLF: on the war in Iraq? ¦ Epxoupxo mpdbujpo- dmptf up tipqt ' buusbdujpot In terms of the American presence, ¦ Tqbdjpvt tvjuft xjui gvmm ljudifot- fotvjuf mbvoesz I don’t see an easy way out. In the fore- ¦ Gjuoftt dfousf xjui joepps qppm- fyfsdjtf sppn seeable future, over the next few years, ¦ Dpnqmjnfoubsz 35.ipvs cvtjoftt dfousf if you stay, I don’t think you can really ¦ Gsff mpdbm dbmmt ' xjsfmftt ijhi.tqffe Joufsofu come out of it with Iraq stable. But you Jefbm gps tipsu boe mpoh ufsn tubzt" leave, and I’m not sure it’s going to help and there will certainly be contin- ued tension. I don’t think they have a good option. I wouldn’t want to be the Sftfswf po.mjof; xxx/mft.tvjuft/dpn 0 241 Cfttfsfs Tusffu ¦ 724.343.3111 ¦ 2.911.378.2:9: next president of the United States, having to decide from a number of dif- ficult and unsatisfying options. The Iraqis themselves don’t appear to be coming together. DM: What are your thoughts on how LF:the Arctic should be governed? I’m a Canadian – so that’s my an- swer. DM: EXPERIENCE L'ART DE VIVRE LF: What’s Canada role in the world? I think we see ourselves as a small- ish country because we tend to com- pare ourselves with the United States. www.signaturesrestaurant.com But the rest of the world doesn’t see us 453 LAURIER AVENUE EAST as a small country, they see us as a ma- jor country that rightly sits with the 613.236.2499 G8. There’s a group of maybe 10-15 countries in the world that have a crit- ical mass, that are big players that have the skill, knowledge, resources and the capacity to try to influence the affairs of the world, and we’re one of them. I’m always surprised when I hear comments that describe our traditional role of honest broker, helper-fixer as if it were just naiveté or a dereliction of duty – that we were somehow neglect- ing our own interests when really, if you help to forge a compromise, the first interest you’re not going to sacri- fice is your own. Why this is seen as somehow detrimental to our interests has always astounded me. One of the things that’s often cited is that we ran afoul of the Americans. But I think we’ve been very skillful in maintaining the relationship. Every once in a while, the U.S. gets angry but the sky doesn’t fall. The U.S.A. is our number one partner so we can’t dismiss them but still there’s plenty of room for a very active role for Canada that should be based on what kind of world we want, what we be- lieve is best.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 9 CANADA AT WAR DISPATCHES| Tough Love

10 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 CANADA AT WAR |DISPATCHES

Canada ramps up its military to make it – in the words of Defence Minister Peter MacKay – “a force for good in global affairs”

By Peter MacKay

rotecting Canadians and their interests are priorities for our government. That is why we are determined to enhance the Canadian Forces’ ability to defend our country’s sovereignty and protect Cana- dians both at home and abroad. To protect our sovereignty, we have focused on ex- tending Canada’s reach into the Arctic. To that end, we have announced the establishment of a new Arctic Training Centre, an increase in the Canadian Rangers by 900 people, and the creation a new deep water Arc- tic docking and refueling facility at Nanisivik, PNunavut. These initiatives clearly demonstrate an increase in Canadian surveillance capabilities and influence in the North. However, we are also doing much more. In just over a year and a half, we have extended Canada’s influence, in a more vigilant manner, as a force for good in global affairs. To achieve a more robust foreign policy, the Conservative gov- ernment is buying four strategic lift C-17 aircraft and 17 tactical air- craft so that the Canadian Forces can quickly and independently move people, equipment and supplies in support of humanitarian or tactical missions. Further, we committed $2.9 billion to buy new ships for the Navy and $4.7 billion for 16 medium- to heavy-lift helicopters. This

A badly needed equipment will modernize and improve the Forces’ R E M

A capabilities to train with our allies, support domestic and interna- C

T A

B tional operations and, most importantly, provide security to the M O

C people of Canada.

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the noble tradition of taking an active role in assisting those less fortunate than ourselves. At present, there are 2,500 Canadian troops in Kandahar province at the invi- tation of the democratically elected gov- ernment of Afghanistan. These brave K C I

W men and women are part of a large coali- D R A

H tion whose mission is to help establish

D I V

A and maintain a safe and secure environ- D

L P ment allowing the government of C Afghanistan to foster development, re- Defence Minister Peter MacKay says his government has developed a “robust policy of standing up for freedom, democracy, respect for human rights, and the rule of law.” construction and governance. Canadian contributions have focused on rebuild- ing Afghan infrastructure, sustaining It’s this kind of investment that threats against the North American con- Afghan institutions and reforming and demonstrates how we follow through on tinent. Under the Conservative govern- rebuilding the Afghan National Army what we have promised. We are ensuring ment, the NORAD Agreement renewal and Afghan National Police. that our Canadian Forces have the tools of 2006 added a maritime dimension to I believe these changes are occurring. needed to do the jobs they are asked to our surveillance capabilities. Progress is being made all over do on behalf of all Canadians – domesti- During my inaugural meeting with Afghanistan. Presidential, parliamentary cally and internationally. On the domes- U.S. Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and provincial elections have taken place tic front, the Forces will continue to this past September, we further acknowl- and women are sitting in the Afghan improve surveillance of Canada’s land, edged our continued support for NO- parliament. Legitimate and representa- air and seas. My department is working RAD and, indeed, our two nations’ close tive government is in place. Institutions more closely with other government de- security relations. of governance – be they the Wolesi Jirga, partments and agencies in conducting Beyond North America, Canada the Supreme Court or the Afghan Inde- search and rescue activities, which saved maintains close security relations with pendent Human Rights Commission – the lives of 1,200 people and helped more countries in Europe and the Western are emerging, providing Afghans with than 20,000 last year alone. hemisphere, as well as Australia, New the foundations of statehood. With this government’s support, the Zealand and Japan. I met with my coun- Perhaps the best example of interna- Forces will stand ready and more capa- terparts in the Netherlands, Norway and tional successes in Afghanistan is the ble than ever to respond to disaster relief the United Kingdom recently to better manner in which children are returning in all parts of our country, including as- familiarize myself with the work done to school. In 2001, only a fraction of chil- sistance to victims of forest fires, floods by these countries to ensure global secu- dren, and all of them boys, were attend- or hurricanes. rity. Of course, much of this work is ing school. Now, more than six million But the protection of Canadians can- done through the North Atlantic Treaty children – more than one-third of them not be done solely within our borders. Organization, of which Canada was a girls – are in classes. These children are Therefore, Canadian Forces personnel founding member. also among more than 80 per cent of work closely with allies so that our secu- NATO does important work in the Afghans who have access to health serv- rity is better assured. Mediterranean, Kosovo, Iraq, Sudan and ices. Only five years ago, a mere nine per Our strongest security relationship is Afghanistan. As Canadians are aware, cent of Afghans had such access. with our closest neighbour, the United the bulk of this country’s current military By any measure, this is a clear demon- States. Since the 1940 Ogdensburg contributions to international security are stration of progress. We can all be proud Treaty, Canada and the United States part of a NATO-led International Secu- that Canada is one of the biggest contrib- have collaborated to protect North rity Assistance Force in Afghanistan. utors to Afghan progress. We are among America from external threats. Following the terrorist attacks of Sept. the top donors of development and re- To this end, Canada works with the 11, 2001, Canada answered a call from construction assistance there. We have U.S. on the North American Aerospace the international community, including set aside more than $1 billion for aid Defence Command (NORAD), the Per- NATO, to help ensure our global secu- through the year 2011 to enable Afghans manent Joint Board on Defence, the Mili- rity and to stand up for the values of to rebuild their country. tary Co-operation Committee and many freedom, democracy, human rights and Afghanistan is a good example of other important bilateral and multilat- the rule of law in Afghanistan. The scale how our government has adopted a ro- eral activities vital to Canada’s security. of the challenge in Afghanistan has not bust policy of standing up for freedom, The prime example among all of these been underestimated. democracy, respect for human rights, is NORAD. This alliance can detect and As Afghan President Hamid Karzai and the rule of law. This government is intercept airborne threats to North stated in his address to Parliament in committed to doing our share of the American airspace through a network of 2006, “Terrorists are prepared to cross work to help the international commu- radar stations and satellites spread any boundaries and commit horrific acts nity and contribute to global stability. across and above Canada and the U.S. of violence to try to derail Afghanistan This allows both governments to react in from its path to success.” In helping Peter MacKay is Canada’s minister of a co-ordinated and efficient way to Afghanistan, Canadians are continuing national defence.

12 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 CANADA AT WAR |DISPATCHES A R E M A C

T A B M O C

CanadaOur return to “hard power”’s ismilitary: already paying dividends at Limits home and abroad – tobut how Growth long can we sustain it?

By David Pugliese

n December 2006, a column of Cana- of war, the sound of such cannon fire was the receiving end of one of the most tan- Idian Army Leopard tanks rumbled not out of place. The Russians had used gible examples of Canada’s new attitude through an Afghan village and took up tanks in the same area when it fought in- towards defence, and a historic change in firing positions at a forward operating surgents in the 1980s. Wrecked Taliban direction. base in the disputed Panjwai district. tanks still litter the region, left over from It’s an attitude which dictates a more Insurgents didn’t waste time in react- battles with U.S. forces and their Afghan pro-active, and some argue aggressive, ing to the arrival of the armour. They allies in late 2001 and early 2002. approach to military missions. That ap- fired two rockets towards the base and But for the Leopard crew, it was the proach was embraced for a short time by one of the tanks responded by opening first time in half a century that Canadian prime minister Paul Martin, who wanted up with its 105mm gun. tanks had fired their guns in combat. Canada to have renewed prominence on In a country that has known decades The insurgents in the Panjwai were on the international stage. The succeeding

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Conservative government incorporated it defending our sovereignty over the Arc- into its “Canada First” defence policy. tic,” Mr. Harper said in announcing the But the driving force behind it was and new ships. “We either use it or lose it. is Chief of the Defence Staff Gen. Rick And make no mistake, this government Hillier, who set the country’s military on intends to use it.” the path to more combat-oriented opera- Less than a month later, Mr. Harper tions while at the same time trying to followed up with the announcement that transform the Canadian Forces into an or- hisgovernment had approved the cre- ganization capable of responding quickly ation of an Arctic warfare training centre to missions in the world’s hot spots. as well as a deepwater seaport on the The new attitude in defence is charac- northern end of Baffin Island. terized by tough talk, whether it’s Prime But the mission to Afghanistan, first

Minister Stephen Harper’s announce- A started under the Liberals and extended R E M

ment that Canada won’t cut and run from A under a Conservative government, is the C

T

Afghanistan or Gen. Hillier telling jour- A shining example of Canada’s new robust B M O nalists that troops there are going to take C attitude. Although aid and diplomacy are on “scumbags” and terrorists. factors in the Kandahar mission, and a As a result, Canadian soldiers in Kan- government public relations campaign is CANADA’S MILITARY, TOTALLY dahar are engaged in combat on a level trying to highlight that contribution, the not seen since the Korean War. With that COMMITTED TO THE AFGHAN military aspect still dominates the coun- has come casualties; since the summer of try’s contribution to Afghanistan. 2005 when the Kandahar mission started, WAR, IS ABSENT FROM MOST And according to military officers and 64 soldiers and one diplomat have died OTHER MISSIONS AROUND THE government officials, that mission has and more than 300 military personnel given Canada new clout on the world have been injured, most in combat-re- WORLD. OF THE 80,000 SOL- stage. NATO generals meeting in Victoria lated incidents. in September praised Canada’s contribu- “Soft power,” the mantra of the Liberal DIERS CURRENTLY SERVING UN- tion to the south Asian nation, saying it government and its foreign affairs minis- DER THE UNITED NATIONS FLAG, was extremely important in bringing sta- ter Lloyd Axworthy in the 1990s, is now a bility to the Kandahar region and sup- distant memory in Ottawa. The peace- ONLY 54 ARE CANADIAN, porting President Hamid Karzai’s keeping missions so loved by the public struggling government. POINTS OUT WALTER DORN, AN are a thing of the past, partially because there are fewer such operations, but, as ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR AT well, because senior officers in the Cana- ichael Wilson, Canada’s ambas- dian Forces have shifted focus away from ROYAL MILITARY COLLEGE. sador in Washington, argues them. that the mission has already At the heart of all this is Gen. Hillier’s paid dividends, noting that American view of how international operations Mlawmakers often mention the Canadian should be run. In the past, the Canadian necessary for a major re-equipment and contribution and sacrifice in Afghanistan. military took on many foreign missions recruiting program necessary for it to Liberal Senator Colin Kenny, chairman all at once, with troop commitments rang- work. of the Senate’s committee on national se- ing from a few dozen to a couple of thou- Last summer, the Harper government curity and defence, says he has also no- sand. But the general argues that the announced $18 billion for arms and sup- ticed a change of attitude south of the country never got its due in international port equipment, with programs under border. Previously, U.S. officials would circles for such contributions and never way to buy new long-range heavy-lift gently prod the senator and his col- had a say in major decisions affecting re- planes, tactical transport aircraft, trucks, leagues on the need for Canada to con- gions the military was operating in. supply ships and transport helicopters. tribute more. But in recent Washington The future should therefore see the And the top brass, which several years meetings Mr. Kenny and his colleagues Canadian Forces instead concentrating ago turned its back on tanks and was in were instead repeatedly thanked by their large numbers of troops in a few key re- the process of destroying its remaining American counterparts for the Canadian gions. That would, in turn, give Canadian stocks of them, is now overseeing a $1.2 Forces ongoing commitment to politicians more clout in such areas. billion program to buy and support 120 Afghanistan. “We’re trying to give Canada a seat at the modern Leopard 2 tanks. But there is a downside to the harder table, an opportunity to influence a re- This past summer, Mr. Harper brought military policy, critics say. Canada’s mili- gion, a country, an event in accordance this defence approach into the domestic tary, totally committed to the Afghan war, with our interests and with our values be- arena, outlining a tough-sounding Arctic is absent from most other missions cause of our contribution,” Gen. Hillier policy dominated by military power. around the world. Of the 80,000 soldiers has said on several occasions in inter- Worried that other nations were eying the currently serving under the United Na- views and public speeches. natural resources in the North, the prime tions flag, only 54 are Canadian, points Prime ministers Martin and Harper minister committed $3.1 billion to build out Walter Dorn, an associate professor at both supported the general in his vision new Arctic patrol ships. Royal Military College. The top contribu- and both agreed to commit the dollars “Canada has a choice when it comes to tor of troops for most of the history of the

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UN, Canada now ranks 60th, he says, adding that while the Afghan mission op- erates under a UN mandate, it is not con- sidered a UN mission. “Canada is doing pretty shamefully on contributing to the UN,” said Dr. Dorn. “Our contribution is minuscule.” The Canadian military has also been largely absent in mustering any tangible support for the African Union mission in Darfur, forcing Gen. Hillier to acknowl- edge that as long as the Afghan war con- tinues, the military won’t be contributing anything substantial to other world crises. International affairs analyst Gerald Ca- plan agrees that Canada’s direction in for- eign policy, particularly on Afghanistan and the Arctic, appears dominated by the military. “I don’t know what other direc- tion the government has articulated in the last two years,” said Dr. Caplan, who has advised UN agencies and is a specialist in the study of genocide. “It’s a shame. It seems to me that our least important contribution is a military one and the most important is a potential political one, a diplomatic one.” There are also questions about how A R

much real influence Canada has gained E M A C internationally from its Afghanistan role. T A B

Canada has not been able to convince M O other NATO nations to send more troops C to Afghanistan or persuade others to al- Chief of Defence Staff Rick Hillier wants to set the country’s military on the path to accepting more com- low their soldiers to actually fight. bat-oriented operations while, at the same time, trying to transform the Canadian Forces into a nimble Dr. Dorn argues that though the organization that can respond quickly to international crises. Afghan mission has given Canada more respect at NATO, it has resulted in less in- fluence at the UN and other international At the same time, the threesome re- sonnel, particularly non-commissioned areas. He notes that Canada pulled its ported that personnel assigned to the officers, are becoming eligible for early re- troops from the Golan Heights last year, Canadian Expeditionary Force Command tirement. leaving just seven observers as the na- – the organization in charge of the In a 2006 report, Defence Department tion’s main military presence in the Afghanistan mission – were burning out analysts warned that the Canadian Forces volatile Middle East. from overwork to the extent that the com- will soon be feeling the effects of an exo- Some officers have also privately wor- mand was unsustainable in the long run. dus of skilled personnel as the oldest of ried that Gen. Hillier’s view of defence The study, prepared at Gen. Hillier’s the baby-boom generation reaches retire- might be too ambitious for a middle request as a review of his plan to trans- ment age. High attrition can be expected power like Canada, which may not have form the Canadian military into a more starting this year and continuing through the political and public will over the long responsive force, suggested the armed 2020, according to the report. term to spend the money or absorb the forces were being overloaded. The Gen. Hillier has acknowledged the potentially high casualties, needed to Afghanistan mission, combined with a problem but he suggests it may not be as support it. military hastily recruiting many new great as his staff fear. According to the Already cracks are appearing in some troops and quickly buying major equip- general, he has heard from a growing areas. ment, is too much. number of soldiers with 15 to 25 years In a January report to Gen. Hillier, Further, will there be enough troops in service and they are indicating they are three retired senior officers warned that future to follow through with Gen. willing to stay in the ranks. the Canada Command, formed in 2006 to Hillier’s plans? Officers say recruiting tar- But the situation might not be that up- help at home in the event of a terrorist at- gets are being met, Canadians seem eager beat. In March, the military sent out 2,000 tack or natural disaster, was not getting to serve their country. But that’s new re- letters, mainly to former non-commis- the attention it should because the Forces cruits. What isn’t talked about is the con- sioned officers, captains and majors, ask- leadership was focused almost entirely on cern in National Defence Headquarters ing them to rejoin. In the letter, Lt.-Gen. Afghanistan. that many experienced older military per- Walter Natynczyk, the vice chief of the

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2025, or about 1.3 per cent of the coun- try’s projected gross domestic product. That much cash would buy even more equipment, particularly replacements for the navy’s aging frigates and destroyers around 2015. The report also noted that Canada would then be financially closer to its al- lies, such as Holland and Portugal, which spend about 1.7 per cent of GDP on de- fence. The increased funding would also strengthen defence ties with the U.S., Britain and Australia, the report argued. Lt.-Gen. Natynczyk, the vice-chief of the defence staff, has made presentations to Treasury Board and other agencies over the past several months in an at- tempt to convince federal bureaucrats to support the $36-billion budget option. Senator Kenny says that option is not enough if the military wants to fund fu- ture re-equipment programs and play a greater role in international and domestic missions. Instead, his Senate committee has recommended the government in- crease the military’s annual budget to be- tween $25 billion and $35 billion by 2012. But Senator Kenny says the Harper A R E

M government appears reluctant to move A C

T soon to increase the defence budget be- A B M

O yond $20 billion a year. “Even if the mili- C tary got its $36 billion by 2025, it’s still not Stephen Harper’s promise to add $5.3 billion to the defence budget over the next several years should mean there’s enough money to buy the new equipment promised, but analysts wonder if it will also sup- enough,” Mr. Kenny said. “They have too port costs of additional troops and a beefed-up presence in the Arctic. much planned and not enough money to pay for it.” Military analyst Eric Lerhe agrees that defence staff, explained the extent of the lion to the defence budget over the next the Canadian Forces’ cash needs are far shortage of skilled personnel. He pointed several years. That, combined with the beyond what the government appears out that the military is simultaneously Conservative’s ongoing defence budget willing to spend. He estimates that an an- trying expand, support overseas opera- plan, should ensure enough money for nual defence budget of at least $30 billion tions and ensure there are enough troops the new equipment announced by Mr. a year is needed to finance the modern- at home to respond to a domestic crisis. Harper in the summer of 2006. ization and re-equipment programs the Of the 2,000 letter recipients, only 200 But Mr. Buck questioned whether the military needs. “I don’t think the govern- indicated they might be interested in current fiscal plan could handle an in- ment wants to go beyond $20 billion a coming back into the ranks. crease in the regular military to 75,000 by year, so that is at the heart of the prob- The biggest question, however is the end of the decade, and a significant lem,” said Mr. Lerhe, a retired com- whether there will be enough money to boost to the military’s Arctic presence. modore and analyst with the Canadian finance a Canadian Forces capable of car- “The big question mark is what hap- Defence and Foreign Affairs Institute. rying out Gen. Hillier’s vision. The gov- pens to the (defence) budget after 2010,” Gen. Hillier has acknowledged that his ernment says there is, and points to said Mr. Buck, who was also the former plans to transform the Canadian military steady increases, including this year’s vice chief of the defence staff. He noted may have overreached somewhat. The boost in the defence budget, as proof. De- that defence budgets beyond 2010 will Afghanistan war, ongoing recruitment, fence Minister Peter MacKay noted in a depend on the outcome of the next fed- billions of dollars in new equipment, and speech in September that increasing mili- eral election as well as the fiscal health of getting ready for providing security at the tary spending continues to remain one of the nation. 2010 Olympics in Vancouver has over- the Conservative government’s priorities. The military has already mapped out loaded commanders. But some analysts, as well as the Sen- what money it believes it needs for the “Given the impact of all of them to- ate’s committee on national security and future. In a financial report produced for gether, I have to help our commanders to defence, warn there is not enough money. then defence minister Gordon O’Connor rationalize what they’re doing, to balance Retired vice admiral Ron Buck ac- earlier this year, military planners recom- what they’re doing,” noted Gen. Hillier. knowledged the government has so far mended boosting the budget from the “I’ve had to take a bit of an appetite sup- been meeting its promise to add $5.3 bil- current $17.7 billion to $36.6 billion in pressant.”

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That suppressant includes putting off sage. And even if we tried, are we going his plan to create an amphibious task to go to war with the U.S. or Russia over group – a type of shipborne 9-1-1 force the Arctic?” capable of intervening in world hotspots Senator Kenny sees Arctic issues as be- – at least until after the Olympics. That ing decided in part through diplomacy, as task group would have required an am- well as through the work of other govern- phibious assault ship outfitted with heli- ment agencies and departments such as copters and up to 700 troops. the Coast Guard and the RCMP. Gen. Hillier has also ordered that a And while boosting the Canadian mili- slowdown in the expansion of the mili- tary’s presence in the Arctic is seen as im- tary’s special forces, which tend to draw portant, most of the country’s experts on some of the most highly trained soldiers. the North say that furthering civilian and Again, the problem is that personnel are economic growth in the region is the key in short supply and needed not only for to asserting sovereignty. Afghanistan but for the upcoming National Inuit leader Mary Simon and Olympic security mission. Joe Handley, the premier of Canada’s “I can’t keep demanding everything Northwest Territories, have both argued from my commanders and expect them to that economically sound and growing be successful on operations and train communities in the North will send a sig- more people that are coming in and help Senator Colin Kenny, chairman of the Senate’s na- nal to other nations that Canada is seri- recruit more people and (do the) re- tional security and defence committee ous about its presence in the Arctic. equipment programs,” Gen. Hillier ac- Michael Turner, the former deputy knowledged. commissioner of the Canadian Coast As well, buying some equipment has “WE’RE NOT GOING TO SOLVE Guard, has also recently questioned the been delayed because of the need to fun- ANY ARCTIC ISSUES BY USING Harper government’s decision to build nel money towards the Afghan war. A new navy ships for the Arctic when the $1.2 billion program to buy new search- MILITARY FORCE,” SENATOR Coast Guard is trying just to keep its ag- and-rescue aircraft, which just three years ing patrol vessels afloat. ago was a priority, has been sidelined. Air KENNY SAID. “WE COULD PUT Mr. Turner maintains that the success- Force officers remain hopeful, but no ful enforcement of a nation’s sovereignty THE ENTIRE CANADIAN FORCES clear date has been set on when new air- is based on what he calls the “80-20” rule. craft might be bought to replace the 40- UP THERE AND WE STILL The ability of a country’s armed forces to year-old planes now in use for search and prevent another nation from claiming ter- rescue. COULDN’T STOP THE RUSSIANS, ritory or waters accounts for only 20 per Others have questioned whether the cent of enforcing sovereignty. The other emphasis on projecting military power, THE FRENCH, THE CHINESE OR 80 per cent is the ability to demonstrate instead of concentrating on diplomatic the effective management and adminis- THE AMERICANS FROM GOING and other efforts, is the right way to tration of a country’s territories and off- tackle some of the issues Canada faces, THROUGH THE NORTHWEST shore waters. And the way to do that is particularly in the Arctic. through civilian agencies or police forces, International law professor Michael PASSAGE. AND EVEN IF WE he contends. Byers of the University of British Colum- Dr. Dorn, the Royal Military College bia argues that the Canadian military is TRIED, ARE WE GOING TO GO professor, predicts the “hard power” not the proper organization to enforce TO WAR WITH THE U.S. OR stance that currently dominates the think- sovereignty and the rule of law in the ing of the Canadian Forces and govern- North. He contends that is the job of civil- RUSSIA OVER THE ARCTIC?” ment will change. He notes that much of ian agencies such as the Royal Canadian it is based on Gen. Hillier’s views, and Mounted Police and the Coast Guard. Dr. when he leaves there might be a change Byers points out that the navy’s proposed in attitude. At the same time, changes in Arctic patrol ships announced by Mr. the international scene may force the mili- Harper will be severely limited since they Coast Guard. “The principle threat in the tary to alter its operational focus from are designed to operate only in light ice Arctic is not a military one,” said Dr. By- Afghanistan and its emphasis on combat. conditions. In addition, the ships aren’t ers. “It is about the need to enforce do- “The pendulum will swing back to expected to be outfitted with sensors to mestic law, anywhere, anytime.” softer approaches,” Dr. Dorn predicted. track foreign submarines, raising ques- Senator Kenny, a strong supporter of “Hard power won’t be eliminated. But we tions about just how useful the vessels the Canadian Forces, agrees. “We’re not can’t be a single-mission military focused will be in detecting intruders. going to solve any Arctic issues by using on Afghanistan for the rest of eternity.” Dr. Byers says the Canadian govern- military force,” he said. “We could put ment should instead begin constructing a the entire Canadian Forces up there and David Pugliese writes about defence fleet of heavy icebreakers, similar to those we still couldn’t stop the Russians, the matters for The Ottawa Citizen and is the operated by the U.S. and Russia. Such a French, the Chinese or the Americans author of Shadow Wars: Special Forces in fleet would be under the control of the from going through the Northwest Pas- the New Battle Against Terrorism.

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FrNorris Pettis’om military soldier career took him to countries to arounddiplomat the world. He got an MBA while serving in seven of them. Now he’s Canada’s consul general in Dallas. Charles Enman reports.

iplomacy is surely part of politics, ROTC (Reserve Officer Training Corps) to “Becoming an infantry officer had Dand if war, as 19th Century mili- see if there were any vacancies. been my whole focus – and I achieved tary strategist Karl von Clausewicz “With a military father, the idea of join- that with that appointment.” once said, is “the continuation of politics ing the armed forces was in no way in- It was a plateau he sat on only briefly. by other means,” then there’s something timidating, but I don’t think I had any In 1991, he became an educational direc- fitting when a career spans the life both of notion of making it a full career. But I tor at the Canadian Land Forces Com- the soldier and of the diplomat. guess a career is what I’d had by the time mand and Staff College in Kingston, Norris Pettis is a diplomat now, cur- I left, 35 years later.” where he taught advanced tactics and rently ensconced in Dallas as Canada’s And that transition, in his mid-50s, to doctrine for three years. From that time consul general serving Texas and four ad- diplomatic work, was still in service to forward, new appointments came in jacent states. But going to Dallas was the the government. quick succession. 25th move of a life that has taken him, “It seems to be a family thing. My In 1994, as a newly named colonel, he mostly as a soldier, to Croatia, the Ara- grandfather was a soldier, my father and was sent to Croatia as chief of staff at the bian peninsula, and the Canadian far his brothers all served in the Second Croatia Command Headquarters. He had north—among many other places. World War, and my younger son serves in two responsibilities – to build a head- “I’m the son of a career military officer, the military. quarters for UN forces in Croatia, and to so I’m an army brat, proof that the mili- “The money certainly wasn’t the lure – serve as deputy commander for all Cana- tary grows its own,” Mr. Pettis, who is 55, we just seemed to have that sense of serv- dian forces in the former Yugoslavia, said in a recent interview. ice.” which were concentrated in Bosnia and He was 19 and enrolled in an arts pro- The first 20 years of his career was a Croatia. gram at the University of Western On- gradual upward trajectory to his appoint- “The fighting between factions was tario when he realized that money was in ment, at 37, as the commanding officer of still going strong,” he recalls. “There was short supply. the 1st Battalion of the Royal Canadian tremendous conflict and tremendous ha- “I did the cash flow analysis and saw Regiment, a mechanized infantry battal- tred, something Canadians don’t easily that I’d better march myself down to the ion of over 600 people. understand.”

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But being Canadian was an advantage All of this became infinitely more com- September of last year and will continue for Canadian forces, he says. plicated in the aftermath of 9/11, when in the post till 2010. “We’re not at all like the Belgian troops Canada was getting ready to deploy to Though hardly his most exotic foreign in Rwanda, for example, who carried Afghanistan. Mr. Pettis was getting posting, Texas and the adjoining four heavy historical baggage. We had a kind phone calls virtually 24/7 from his supe- states – Arkansas, Kansas, Louisiana, and of clean slate and could develop our own riors in Ottawa and was arranging per- Oklahoma – are of real import for Cana- reputation.” mission for Canadian troops to deploy to dian interests, with a total population From 1995 to 1997, he was back in several countries on the peninsula. greater than Canada’s. Canada, advising on operations and “Things were frantic – for four months, Considering Texas alone, the two-way training policy for the army. my cell phone rang day and night, and I trade with Canada, very evenly divided, This kind of home respite ended when was bouncing between Kuwait, Bahrain, was $20 billion (USD) in 2005. In Texas, he was appointed defence attaché on the Qatar and the UAE. this economic activity supports more than Arabian Peninsula. Based in the Saudi “It was extremely challenging, but I half a million jobs, Mr. Pettis says. capital, Riyadh, he analyzed security is- still squeezed in my studies.” As an export partner, only Mexico is sues for the seven countries on the penin- more important to Texas than Canada. sula – besides Saudi Arabia, there was The 886 Canadian-owned companies in Yemen, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, AS AN EXPORT PARTNER, Texas employ 30,954 people. Qatar, Bahrain and Kuwait. ONLY MEXICO IS MORE “People would be surprised at the size “On the surface, they might appear of the Canadian footprint in this region.” identical, but each is unique, with differ- IMPORTANT TO TEXAS THAN Part of his job is to educate Americans ent approaches to issues,” Mr. Pettis says. about bilateral issues of importance to Security on the peninsula was not his CANADA. THE 886 CANADIAN- Canada – softwood lumber, the restricting only focus. He also represented the OWNED COMPANIES IN TEXAS influence of passport requirements on Canadian government with regard to de- travel, potential restrictions on importa- fence agreements, and occasionally EMPLOY 30,954 PEOPLE. tions of beef. helped Canadian companies in trade He also seeks to inform American busi- “PEOPLE WOULD BE SURPRISED matters. nessmen of investment opportunities in The geopolitical awareness of the AT THE SIZE OF THE CANADIAN Canada. But one of his biggest challenges Arabs casts strong light on the British, the is to educate Canadian businessmen French, and the Americans. Canadians, in FOOTPRINT IN THIS REGION.” about opportunities in the Texas region. their dimmer light, “have to work harder “Texas may be a long way from to make ourselves noticed and to develop Canada, but it has one of the fastest- relationships,” Mr. Pettis says. growing populations and economies in Though busy with his duties, he some- Three years of intense study were all the United States. And with a culture how found time to pursue a personal am- worth it, he says. The MBA he now holds that’s similar to our own, in some ways bition – to complete a graduate degree, represents a lifelong commitment to per- coming in is easier than in other parts of “which, after all, is starting to become a sonal development. Moreover, it may the world.” basic qualification for the executive well have spelled the difference between He hasn’t lost that quest for personal world, whether you’re in government or success and failure in his efforts to be- development that led him to seek an the private sector.” come a consul general. MBA. Recently, Mr. Pettis has begun tak- Obviously, from the Arabian penin- “I’ll never know about that. They did- ing Spanish lessons. Spanish could prove sula, it would have to be a course he n’t tell me that a master’s was required to useful in his current position, and the ac- could take by correspondence over the In- be come a consul – but I have to note that quisition of another language would ternet. His brother had done an MBA pro- most people in such positions have at mark continued growth of the kind he gram from Athabasca University’s Centre least a master’s degree.” cherishes. “You’re either growing or for Innovative Management in St. Albert, In 2002, he returned to Canada and be- you’re shrinking,” he says. Alberta. Athabasca specializes in distance gan a two-year stint as commander of Mr. Pettis doesn’t know what he’ll do and online education. Canada’s northern military region, com- when the time comes to make that 26th Mr. Pettis did the due diligence, found prising the Yukon, the Northwest Terri- move, after his appointment runs out in the course appealing, and enrolled. tory and Nunavut. The distance from August 2010. “I can tell you it was a long, hard slog, Riyadh to his headquarters in White- He and his wife could happily move but if I could tie into a phone line – and I horse, he says, was as great meteorologi- back to Canada, where they have two remember an evening of crawling under cally as geographically: “I went from 50 sons – the older, an Ottawa police officer, tables in Yemen to find one – I could pass above to 50 below.” the younger, in the military. the work back and forth and carry on.” Mr. Pettis closed out his military career But he’d be entirely open to another Arrangements were simple enough in with a final two years in Ottawa, where diplomatic posting. Riyadh, but two weeks of the month he he was director of protocol and foreign li- “Canada in the world has always been was on the road, and might have to jury aison, responsible for managing defence my focus. And even if it sounds corny, the rig an Internet connection, any given attachés in 20 offices around the world. ideal of public service has always been in evening, in a hotel in Yemen, Oman, the In 2006, the Department of Foreign Af- my fabric.” United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrain or fairs and International Trade appointed Kuwait. him consul general in Dallas. He began in Charles Enman is an Ottawa writer.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 19 CANADA AT WAR DISPATCHES|

Afghanistan’sDouble-digit GDP growth. Big advances in remarkablehealth care. Education for millions successesof children. Although huge problems remain, an international development expert argues that the war-torn country is doing better than anyone thought possible

By Nipa Banerjee

he combined accomplishments of Tthe Afghanistan government and the international community, in- cluding Canada, are greater than ac- knowledged in the news media. But to lock in the country’s early post-Taliban successes means planning for state insti- tutions to provide ordinary Afghans basic physical security, access to justice, jobs, health and education. Such basics would earn legitimacy for the government, pre- vent conflict and eventually build stabil- ity for the fragile state. First, let’s catalogue Afghanistan’s suc- cess stories. It is little known that com- pared to other South Asian countries, the pace of change and development in Afghanistan has been remarkable. Six million Afghan children are now in school and a third of them are girls. Afghanistan’s transition to the post-Tal- iban period was marked with violence whereas the rest of South Asia had a basic education is lagging behind in all of banking on the back of a participatory somewhat non-violent transition to inde- South Asia except Sri Lanka. And it’s a process involving thousands of the rural pendence. Yet, it is difficult to visualize rough neighbourhood: Sri Lanka has not poor. There was a resulting investment Bangladesh, India, Pakistan or Nepal resolved its decades-old civil conflict and in small village infrastructure. One ex- achieving within five years of their inde- political stability is under threat in Nepal, ample was tube wells for safe water pendence the benchmarks of success at- Bangladesh and Pakistan. which drastically reduced the death rate tained in five years by Afghanistan in the On top of stabilizing its currency and from childhood diarrhea. One-room post-Taliban period. growing its economy, Afghanistan has community schools, built with commu- All four of these countries inherited a reached its tax collection targets. This au- nity labour, provide safe havens for girls’ trained civil service, well-developed edu- gurs well. A stabilized currency means primary education. None of these com- cation systems, and an administrative future Afghan traders can play in the munity-owned schools has been burnt and political elite that provided the lead- global market. GDP growth (yes, even ex- by the Taliban, not one – the communi- ers with a strong human resource base to cluding opium dividends) provides the ties protect them. Micro-credit helps undertake the difficult nation-building resources to reduce rural poverty and women set up small businesses, earn tasks. But these countries still haven’t provide basic health and education for money and enhance their dignity in fam- reached some of the successes attained by vulnerable citizens. ily and society. Afghanistan that entered the post-Taliban Findings of a survey undertaken by What can education do for women? period with almost no trained personnel Johns Hopkins University reveal a 25 per One of my local staff at the Canadian em- to help build the nation. cent improvement in health care in al- bassy in Kabul, Tamim Asey, and his While Afghanistan, with a little help most every Afghan province. Maternal brother Farid, now studying at the Uni- from its international friends, stabilized and infant mortality has been reduced, versity of Waterloo, speak of their fam- its currency, the Bangladesh taka, and the within a short period, in a country where ily’s pride in their sister, Maryam, who Indian, Nepalese and Pakistani rupees the rate of these afflictions was once the was allowed to complete her education in are hardly a gold standard. Nor is the highest in the world, according to the UN the post-Taliban period and emerged as a double-digit GDP growth attained by Human Development Report of 2004. journalist – a women’s rights reporter Afghanistan common in South Asia. Pak- The Ministry of Rural Rehabilitation with Ariana TV in Kabul. She won a pres- istan’s social indicators reflect declining and Development brought in commu- tigious journalism award for exceptional trends. Poverty is rampant in India. Girls’ nity development and micro-credit Continued on page 25

20 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 CANADA AT WAR |DISPATCHES

Canada’s military contribution: AnWe have close around-the-world to 2,900 troops deployed on 16 missions, ranging from aprofile single soldier in Operation Snowgoose to 2,500 in Operation Athena.

By Charles Enman

anada currently has close to 2,900 Cmilitary personnel on operational missions overseas, ranging from Afghanistan, where the largest Canadian forces are deployed, to Bosnia, to parts of Africa, and, in our own hemisphere, to Haiti. The Canadian Forces have a history of overseas deployments, having completed 72 international operations over the last six decades. Sixteen are currently run- ning. Operation Athena, in Afghanistan, with its 2,500 personnel, is the largest de- ployment. A battle group, composed largely of soldiers from the Royal 22nd Regiment (the Van Doos) from CFB Val- cartier, is in Kandahar, scene of some of the most intense encounters with Taliban insurgents. Personnel from other units are also in Kandahar, supplying medical and A R command support and other services. In E M A C Kabul, the capital, other personnel are T A B

working at the headquarters of the M O NATO-led mission and at the Canadian C embassy. Operation Crocodile: Village children from an island in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) greet Major Louis Xenos. Maj. Xenos is part of a nine-person Canadian forces contribution to a United Nations Maj. Richard Moffet, the deputy com- mission to bring peace and security to the DRC. manding officer of the battle group in Kandahar, says morale is higher than re- ports in the media might suggest. contribution to the U.S.-led Operation En- Florida, and to the subordinate CENT- “The local populace understands that during Freedom, sees roughly 30 Cana- COM headquarters in Bahrain. CENT- we respect their culture, their children dian personnel helping with efforts to COM maintains U.S. security interests in and their women and like all human be- train the Afghan National Army and the 25 nations from East Africa, the Middle ings, they return respect for respect.” Afghan National Police and other efforts East, and Central Asia. Roughly 65 na- There may be some confusions due to to build security infrastructure. In Opera- tions, including Canada, work with very different cultural assumptions, Maj. tion Argus, 22 Canadian personnel, as CENTCOM as part of Operation Endur- Moffet adds: “Modernity has not arrived, part of a strategic advisory team, are em- ing Freedom, the American-led coalition and the more remote areas seem like part bedded in Afghan ministries and agen- against terrorism. of another world – maybe like the Quebec cies. Working under Afghan leadership, The Canadians in Operation Founda- of 70 years ago, when the police were cor- they bring training and strategic planning tion keep the Tampa CENTCOM head- rupt and women couldn’t vote.” skills to bear on civil problems. quarters aware of intelligence reports, He adds that the soldiers understand Canada is one of some 35 countries requests for forces, and the activities of that there are no quick solutions in contributing 30,000 troops to Afghanistan. other coalition members. Afghanistan – that a full resolution of Most of them are not fighting on the front Canada has four operational missions Afghan problems could take 15 or more lines, however. in Israel or on the country’s border. years. Operation Foundation sees seven In the Sinai Peninsula, 28 Canadian There are two smaller Canadian mis- Canadian personnel deployed to U.S. personnel, as part of Operation Calumet, sions in Afghanistan. Operation Archer, a CENTCOM headquarters in Tampa, Continued on page 24

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 21 CANADA AT WAR DISPATCHES|

OPERATION SEXTANT Current deployment: 235 Location: The ship sails traditionally in the North Atlantic This is Canada’s contribution to the Maritime task force, a squadron of ships from NATO- member nations. Date: January 2006 Canada’s Deployments

OPERATION BRONZE at a Glance Current deployment: 8 Location: Bosnia OPERATION HAMLET Canadians serve in staff Current deployment: 4 positions at NATO Location: Haiti headquarters where they Canadians serve with the United encourage defence Nations Stabilization Mission in reform in Bosnia. Port-au-Prince. They support law Date: September 2004 enforcement on the impoverished island. Date: May 2004

OPERATION SNOWGOOSE Current deployment: 1 Location: Cyprus The officer is part of a UN peacekeeping group that monitors the ceasefire between Greek and Turkish Cypriots on the divided island. Date: March 1964

OPERATION FOUNDATION Current deployment: 8 Location: Florida and Bahrain Canadians are at U.S. OPERATION SCULPTURE OPERATION CROCODILE CENTCOM headquarters Current deployment: 8 Current deployment: 9 in Tampa, Florida and in Location: Sierra Leone Location: Democratic Bahrain. CENTCOM This is Canada’s military Republic of the Congo maintains U.S. security contribution to a British- Canadians serve as staff interests in 25 nations. led effort to help Sierra officers in the UN mission Date: August 2003 Leone build an army, here; six at UN accountable to headquarters in Kinshasa, democratically-elected three in Kisangani. leaders. Date: September 1999 Date: November 2000

22 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 CANADA AT WAR |DISPATCHES

OPERATION PROTEUS OPERATION GLADIUS OPERATION JADE Current deployment: 4 Current deployment: 2 Current deployment: 4 Location: Israel Location: Israel Location: Israel Officers coordinate Senior Canadian Canadians serve in the UN Truce Supervision Israeli and Palestinian officers help the UN Organization, established after the 1948 security forces as and Disengagement creation of Israel, to keep peace in the when Israel Observer Force Middle East. disengages from Gaza maintain peace on the Date: June 1954 and the West Bank. Golan Heights. Date: June 2005 Date: March 2006

OPERATION ATHENA Current deployment: 2,500 Location: Afghanistan A battle group, made up of soldiers from the Royal 22nd Regiment is in Kandahar, where Taliban insurgents are most active. In Kabul, other personnel work at the NATO-led mission’s headquarters and Canada’s embassy. Date: May 2003

OPERATION ARGUS Current deployment: 22 Location: Afghanistan Canadians work on civil problems in Afghan ministries and agencies under Afghan leadership. Date: August 2005

OPERATION ARCHER Current deployment: 30 Location: Afghanistan Canadians help train members of the Afghan National Army and the Afghan National Police and help build security infrastructure as part of the American Operation Enduring Freedom. Date: July 2004

OPERATION AUGURAL OPERATION SAFARI OPERATION CALUMET Current deployment: 11 Current deployment: 33 Current deployment: 28 Location: Sudan Location: Sudan Location: Sinai Peninsula This deployment supports Part of the UN Mission in Canadians make sure the African Union Mission Sudan, 25 troops serve as peace between Israel and in Darfur, maintaining military observers in Egypt, achieved in the peace between forces of southern Sudan and eight 1979 Camp David the government of Sudan more serve at the UN Accords, is maintained. and the Sudan People’s headquarters in Date: September 1985 Liberation Khartoum and in El Movement/Army. Obeid. Date: September 2004 Date: March 2005

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 23 CANADA AT WAR DISPATCHES|

Continued from page 21 The crew has been very vigilant, espe- tilities between all belligerent forces. cially in the waters off the Horn of Africa, MONUC acts as a liaison between the help ensure that the peace between Israel where pirates have been known to oper- parties. and Egypt, achieved in the 1979 Camp ate freely. Lieut.-Col. Peter Brown says that the David Accords, is maintained. Calumet is “But ships are comfortable,” he said. Congolese welcome the UN forces. “They part of the Multinational Force and Ob- “We know we’re doing much better than understand that they have to rebuild their servers, a peacekeeping force funded by a guy in a foxhole in Afghanistan.” country – in natural resources, one of the United States, Israel and Egypt that Canada’s mission to Cyprus, Opera- Africa’s richest – from zero, and they’re brings together the forces of 11 different tion Snowgoose, is modest, comprising a happy to take whatever support they can nations. single staff officer. His efforts are part of get. And if they succeed, they will be an Cpl. Bill Davage, who tracks the posi- the United Nations Force in Cyprus, a example to all of Africa.” tions of aircraft within a given area, says peacekeeping group that monitors the A Canadian can hardly comprehend the foreign soldiers are welcomed by ceasefire between Greek and Turkish the devastation of many years of war. Sinai residents. Cypriots on the divided island. “When you drive down the main street Canadian soldiers may find the heat of Canada has four operational missions of Kinshasa, you feel you’re in a demoli- summer, which has reached as high as 51 in Africa. tion derby,” he says. “Things are building degrees in recent months, a bit difficult to Operation Augural supports the up, but it will be slow.” cope with, especially on more humid African Union Mission in Darfur, which Eleven personnel serve in Operation days. seeks to maintain peace between forces of Sculpture, Canada’s military contribution “But basically, I think we enjoy being the government of Sudan and the Sudan to a British-led effort to help Sierra Leone here. We feel proud to be keeping the People’s Liberation Movement/Army. build an effective army, accountable to peace.” Augural has 11 personnel – five operating democratically-elected leaders. The The three other missions include Oper- from Addis Ababa, the capital of Ethiopia, British-led effort was set up following the ation Gladius, in which two senior Cana- four in Darfur, and two in greater Sudan. July 1999 peace agreement between all dian officers help the United Nations Among other tasks, the personnel mentor parties in the country’s civil war. Disengagement Observer Force maintain African officers in peacekeeping opera- Eight personnel serve in Operation peace on the Golan Heights; Operation tions, support logistics, and train African Bronze, which fills staff positions at Jade, Canada’s longest-running overseas soldiers in the use of the 105 armoured ve- North Atlantic Treaty Headquarters in commitment, in which seven personnel hicles which Canada has loaned to the Sarajevo (NHQSa). NHQSa was estab- serve in the United Nations Truce Super- African Union forces. lished by NATO to encourage defence re- vision Organization, established after the Deputy Commander Nicholas Smith, form in Bosnia, including creation of a 1948 creation of Israel to keep peace in the in Addis Ababa, describes the situation in single army with multi-ethnic brigades Middle East; and Operation Proteus, in Darfur as “extremely complex, though and unified training and logistic com- which four military staff officers support we do have a feeling of making some mands. efforts to coordinate Israeli and Palestin- progress.” In this hemisphere, four Canadian staff ian security forces as and when Israel dis- The climate in Addis Ababa is congen- officers, as part of Operation Hamlet, are engages from Gaza and the West Bank. ial for a Canadian, he says, but the per- currently serving with the 7,000-strong Besides the four Israel-centred mis- sonnel in Darfur face “desert-like United Nations Stabilization Mission in sions, there are two other missions classi- conditions, with 40-degree heat, sand- Haiti (MINUSTAH). Working at MINUS- fied as Middle East operations, one in storms and, in the rainy season, some dif- TAH headquarters in Port-au-Prince, the Cyprus and the other part of a NATO ficult driving on the roads.” officers promote the mission’s mandate to Maritime task force. In Operation Safari, part of the United support law enforcement on the poverty- Operation Sextant is Canada’s contri- Nations Mission in Sudan (UNMIS), 25 stricken island. bution to the Maritime task force. Some personnel serve as military observers in Col. Norman Lalonde, third in com- 235 officers and sailors, on HMCS southern Sudan and eight more serve at mand of the overall mission, says Toronto, a Halifax-class patrol frigate, are the UN headquarters in Khartoum and in progress is being made. currently participating in exercises with a El Obeid. “Security is fragile but stable,” he says. squadron of ships from NATO-member UNMIS supports the implementation “You can say there’s now room for UN nations to ensure readiness should the of the Comprehensive Peace Agreement organizations and civilian organizations fleet be tasked to engage in operations. reached in January 2005, besides offering to do their work.” Some of the exercises have been in the humanitarian assistance and supporting Haiti remains extremely poor and the Mediterranean, but some ships from the human rights. infrastructure woefully weak. Electricity, task force, including HMCS Toronto, have In the Congo, nine Canadian person- Mr. Lalonde says, may only flow for two circumnavigated Africa, far from NATO’s nel, as part of Operation Crocodile, serve or three hours every other day. traditional area of operations in the east- as staff officers in the United Nations Or- The mission is also offering humanitar- ern Atlantic. ganization Mission in the Democratic Re- ian assistance in such ways as building Lieutenant Commander Angus Top- public of the Congo (MONUC). Six serve schools and playgrounds, and repairing shee, speaking by phone from just off the at the UN headquarters in Kinshasa, and water tanks. coast of Somalia, said the crew is excited three at the headquarters in Kisangani. “Small stuff,” he describes it, “but im- to be on this cruise, which he said marks In July 1999, the Congolese govern- portant to the local population.” the first time a Canadian navy ship has ment and five regional states signed the circumnavigated Africa. Lusaka Ceasefire Agreement to end hos- Charles Enman is an Ottawa writer

24 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 CANADA AT WAR |DISPATCHES

Continued from page 20 ment ministers, combined with foreign mindset favour short-term and visible aid, helped the Afghan government de- fixes, especially in southern provinces. journalism on women’s rights, given by liver basic development services. Chil- They are ignoring the need for state the Afghan minister of women’s affairs, dren go to school, mothers serve at health building and institution strengthening. Masooda Jalal. This year, she was named clinics and many busy and bustling city The international community needs to the best female news reporter by Ehsan- streets are now cleared of the threats of link these crucial efforts to the headline- ullah Bayat, president of Afghan Radio firearms. This allows Afghans to enjoy grabbing counter-insurgency conflict. and Television. basic personal freedoms they never had Meanwhile, the insurgency thrives. In Replacing imported Madrassas (reli- under the Taliban. the words of Mullah Zaeef (former Tal- gious schools) with homegrown Madras- But some mistakes by the international iban Ambassador to Pakistan) “the Tal- sas reflects growing strength in the community should be taken into account iban, is not one, they are not two, they are education system. These schools offer a in planning the next steps. While people- not a hundred, they are not a thousand, mix of religious and secular instruction friendly reconstruction came out of some they are not tens of thousands, they are with preferences given to girls. Six mil- of the reformed Afghan ministries, others millions in the country, with many layers lion Afghan children are in school now with no reform efforts stagnated and fos- and different elements” who cannot all be and a third of them are girls. tered corruption. Donors lacked the fore- killed. Reconciliation with the non-ex- To help create the conditions for post- sight to demand reforms that would tremist element and support in driving conflict reconstruction and peace-build- generate genuine peace dividends for out the extremists might be the only way ing, the defence ministry led the way by common Afghans. Elections, attained for curbing this insurgency. Governance demobilizing combatants. This initially si- with an investment of more than $130 and nation-building can serve as critical lenced many of the guns and helped en- million (including a substantial Canadian instruments to foster Afghan solidarity, sure that citizens would not be under contribution), failed to protect civil rights earning people’s loyalty to the govern- constant threat of firearms. in the absence of honest, well-trained po- ment and persuading the people to lock Four million returned refugees and lice and a free and fair justice system. out the Taliban. displaced people inside the country were The international community (Canada sustainably settled. Such settlement dis- included) ignored the lack of state institu- Nipa Banerjee recently joined the Univer- suaded many refugees from joining the tions capable of implementing a monop- sity of Ottawa after 33 years with CIDA. fractious groups that would destabilize oly of power and a unitary legal order. Her most recent posting (2003-2006) was the society. People worry that countries which in Kabul as head of Canada’s aid pro- Reforms initiated by Afghan govern- contribute troops and the accompanying gram in Afghanistan.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 25 ENTERTAINING DELIGHTS| And now, the main event

fter having focused on hors bowls? Some recipes peal of guests’ plates. To keep the food Ad’oeuvres, appetizers, soups, sal- look and taste better in warm, heat the plates and serve extra ads and Trou Normands in my them. sauce separately (and piping hot) at the series on the menu, it’s time to consider When purchasing table. the main course. This is the hub around dishes, one is often To avoid unnecessary frustration, pro- which a menu is planned. A host or host- tempted by beautiful vide serrated-edged knives when the ess first decides on the choice of main complex patterns. But food served requires more serious cut- course because it is the principal part of here’s a note of cau- ting. Salt and pepper shakers are always MARGARET the menu and deserves careful consider- DICKENSON tion. Before you buy, placed on our table. Everyone’s palate is ation. ask yourself, “What different; guests should feel comfortable When entertaining, be aware of any would food look like on that plate?” Usu- making modest modifications. food restrictions guests may have before ally a monochromatic or subtly decorated In closing, from time to time, people making final decisions on a menu. They choice is best. Bento boxes, which don’t ask me if chicken is chic enough to serve will appreciate this attention to detail, always have to contain Japanese or Asian as a main course for elegant dinners. My and will be impressed by the obvious food, are also fun. answer? It depends on the recipe. What commitment to accommodate and Most frequently, the main course is follows is a keeper recipe for chicken. The please them. I recently hosted a charity served to guests (individually) at the chicken is exquisite in flavour and visu- dinner for eight, and all but one guest table, from trays or on individually ally stunning with its layered filling of had a dietary limitation. They ranged arranged plates which have been pre- spinach, portobello mushrooms, cheese from no fish or seafood to strictly Halal pared in the kitchen and set in front of and oven-dried tomatoes. It is a splendid foods. each person. The latter is my preferred main course choice for any occasion. Beef, lamb, veal, chicken and fish are method because it gives me control over among the favourite choices for the main the quantity of food that must be pur- Margaret Dickenson is author of the inter- course. Throughout the menu-planning chased and prepared, portion sizes, and national award-winning cookbook Mar- process, I try to be strategic. Marinades, the artistry of the final presentation. Serv- garet’s Table - Easy Cooking & Inspiring rubs, drizzles, sauces and toppings are ing from dishes at the table, or doing it Entertaining and is creator and host of Mar- critical in my repertoire of main-course buffet-style, requires much more food (so garet’s Entertaining Minutes on Rogers TV. recipes. I also like to design recipes which food costs rise), and the host loses control See www.margaretssenseofoccasion.com are stuffed, crusted, glazed, stacked, over the composition and the visual ap- for more. seared and barbecued or grilled. When preparing the main course, I pay close at- tention to both the principal elements (the meat, poultry, fish) and the accompani- ments (vegetables, rice, pasta). No matter how fabulous flavours, combinations and presentations are, all will suffer if these primary items aren’t cooked to perfecti- ion. I regard an exciting main-course plate as proof of exquisite team work. Every- thing must come together to contribute not only to the overall critical balance of flavours and textures but to the visual en- ticement as well. Today, as never before, even a good cook needs to be part-artist to create an impressive main-course plate. How, where and in what quantity ele- ments are placed on a plate, can have a remarkable effect on the final product. Even the choice of plate has a role to play. Unfortunately, too many of us have dinner plates that are far too small to re- N O spect the present-day culinary philoso- S N E K C phy which insists food on a plate should I D

Y not be crowded. And have you experi- R R A enced the joy of dining from bistro L

26 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 ENTERTAINING |DELIGHTS

PORTOBELLO DELUXE STUFFED CHICKEN Red Pepper Cream Sauce. Garnish with BREASTS cooked asparagus spears. Makes four servings * To make oven-dried tomatoes, cut 1/2 lb 1 very large portobello mushroom cap (3 oz (225 g) of whole tomatoes (e.g., plum) or 85 g), sliced (thickness: 1/3 inch or 0.8 cm) horizontally in half; arrange on a baking 3 to 4 tbsp (45 to 60 mL) herb garlic butter sheet (cut side up), drizzle with 1 1/2 tsp (8 or butter mL) of olive oil, season with salt and To taste, salt and crushed black peppercorns crushed black peppercorns. Bake in a 225 °F 1 cup (250 mL) (well packed) fresh spinach (110 °C) oven until the tomatoes are leaves (stems removed) reduced to about half of their original size 4 single chicken breasts, boneless with skin (about 2 1/2 to 3 hours). Cool and store (each: 6 oz or 175 g) refrigerated. 1 1/2 tsp (8 mL) dried crushed tarragon 4 oz (115 g) oven dried tomatoes* ** To make the lightly spiced flour, combine 1 1/2 oz (45 g) mozzarella cheese, sliced 1/3 cup (80 mL) of flour, 1/2 tsp (3 mL) of 1/3 cup (80 mL) flour, lightly spiced ** curry powder, 1/3 tsp (2 mL) of both salt and 2 tbsp (30 mL) vegetable oil crushed dried tarragon leaves, and a pinch 1 1/4 cups (300 ml) roasted red pepper of crushed black peppercorns, garlic cream sauce (recipe follows) powder, ground nutmeg and powdered Garnish (Optional) mustard. 16 spears of freshly cooked asparagus *** Note: Alternatively, at this time, 1. Sauté mushroom slices briefly in herb transfer the chicken to a parchment-lined garlic butter in a large preheated skillet baking tray and place it in a preheated over medium-high heat. Season with salt oven (350 °F or 180 °C) until done. and crushed black peppercorns; transfer to a platter. ------2. Place spinach leaves on a large ROASTED RED PEPPER CREAM SAUCE microwave-proof plate. Microwave at high Makes 1 1/2 cups or 375 mL heat, turning leaves a couple of times, until spinach is slightly wilted (less than one 4 large whole red bell peppers (total minute). Season with salt and pepper. weight:1 lb or 450 g) 3. Slit chicken breasts horizontally to form a 2 tsp (10 mL) olive oil pocket. (Avoid piercing the top or bottom 1 tbsp (15 mL) crushed chicken bouillon to prevent contents, particularly cheese, cubes (or powder) from escaping during cooking process.) 1 tsp (5 mL) finely chopped fresh garlic 4. Sprinkle interior of pocket with salt, 1/2 cup (125 mL) heavy cream (35% fat) crushed black peppercorns and tarragon. 1/4 tsp (1 mL) (Indonesian) hot chili paste On one interior surface of pocket (skin- (optional) side), arrange 1/4 of oven-dried tomatoes, top with 1/4 of cheese, mushrooms and 1. Rub whole red bell peppers with olive oil spinach. and arrange on a parchment paper-lined 5. Close breasts around filling and secure baking tray.

edges together with strong wooden 2. Place in a preheated 400 °F (200 °C) oven; s t n

toothpicks or fine metal skewers. turn every 5 minutes, until skins blister and e v E

6. Dust stuffed breasts carefully with lightly are lightly charred. l a spiced flour. Place breasts (skin side down) 3. Remove roasted peppers from oven; i c e

in hot oil in a preheated large skillet or grill place in a pot and cover securely; allow p S pan over medium to medium-high heat; peppers to cool. brown all surfaces.*** Reduce heat to 4. Remove and discard stem areas, skins, medium-low or lower; cover pan loosely seeds and membranes. and cook until chicken in tender and done. 5. Place red pepper flesh (and any juice) (Total cooking time: about 20 to 24 into a blender jar; purée well. minutes. Juices run clear when chicken is 6. Place red pepper purée in a loosely pierced with a fork and meat thermometer covered small saucepan over medium-low a c

registers 170 °F or 77 °C.) heat. (Beware of splattering.) Add crushed . l a t n

7. Remove picks/skewers while chicken is bouillon cubes, garlic, cream and if desired, e r e m i

warm (count them to ensure all have been hot chili paste; bring to a boil. Reduce heat t y t r a

removed). immediately. Stirring frequently, allow sauce p . w

8. Cut each stuffed chicken breast to simmer for a few minutes until thick. w w diagonally in half and serve with Roasted 7. Serve sauce hot or warm. 613.745.9400

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 27 RESIDENCES DELIGHTS| Brazilian colour in the heart of Ottawa

Margo Roston N O S L I W

E N N A Y D The home of Brazilian Ambassador Valdemar Carneiro Leao and his wife, Anna, is a Sandy Hill gem built in 1909. Today, it’s brimming with Brazilian flare.

isiting with Brazilian Ambassador niture and paintings fit in perfectly into Doors Open Ottawa 2007 in June, much VValdemar Carneiro Leao and his the historic house, colourful accents on to the ambassador’s surprise. wife, Anna, in their Wilbrod Street the already brightly painted walls. “We printed 200 brochures about the residence is like taking a mini-tour of The house, a standout in the area, was house and there were so many people we their homeland. built in 1909 and owned by John Skirving had to copy them in black and white as Colourful paintings and prints dot the Ewart, a Toronto-born lawyer and author quickly as we could during the day,” he walls, many of them scenes of Brazil, who moved to Ottawa in 1904. In his later says. some of them the work of contemporary years, he was best known as an advocate The main floor is used as the formal re- Brazilian artists. There is a scene of colo- for Canadian independence. ception area, with an elaborate paneled nial buildings in the state of Bahia. The Tudor-Revival house, a favourite entranceway and an enormous fireplace There’s a seascape of Ipanema, and an- style at the turn of the last century, is built in the foyer. There are at least eight fire- other of the heights of Sugarloaf Moun- in brick veneer and features a pitched places, but none works, says the ambassa- tain, both in Rio de Janeiro. A hillside in roof with an offset gable. Its site on a dou- dor. “It would cost about $100,000 to fix Teresópolis and a view of Recife in 1936 ble lot gives it a commanding presence in them,” he says regretfully. are also part of a collection which adds to the neighbourhood. Cut-stone window The wooden stairway and banister the charm of one of Ottawa’s more im- surrounds and a two-storey bay window lead to a gallery with a large leaded-glass pressive homes. Some of these works are with a battlement cap, add to its architec- window that allows sunlight to filter owned by the Brazilian government, oth- tural weight. The house is rivalled on the down to the main hall. ers belong to the ambassador and his street only by the nearby residence of the In keeping with the colourful spirit of wife. Australian ambassador. their homeland, the residence is a series “We brought many of our own things,” The house is such a showpiece, almost of brightly painted rooms; the main re- says the 61-year-old diplomat. Their fur- a thousand people dropped by during ception rooms are bright yellow and dec-

28 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 RESIDENCES |DELIGHTS N O S L I W

E N N A Y D

Brazilian art adorns the colourful walls of the Leao's home. N O S L I W

E N N A Y D

Mr. and Mrs. Leao The reception rooms are many at the residence.

orated with furniture covered in lively Brazilian dish for guests. A favourite is flowered chintz, the wooden floors muqueca, a Bahia–style shrimp stew with dressed up with oriental carpets. palm oil and coconut milk and sometimes A charming winter garden, painted in cassava. a shade of salmon, is where the ambassa- One of the pleasures of life in the resi- dor often holds small luncheons. Next to dence is its location next door to the em- it is a small sunroom with red tile floor. bassy’s office at 450 Wilbrod. It’s just a The family actually lives on the second quick walk to work for Ambassador floor, says Mrs. Leao, with their five-year- Leao, a rare treat in most ambassadorial old daughter, Isabel. Staff includes a live- postings. The house containing the offices in nanny, a helper to look after the burned down in the 1970s but was re- reception area and the basement, and an stored and is back in business. Argentinean-Canadian cook who has The family has taken advantage of worked in the residence for many years. their time in Ottawa. Mrs. Leao, a lawyer, The joie de vivre of Brazil translates into took a script-writing course at Algonquin lively parties. The paneled dining room is College and little Isabel has learned how a hub for entertaining, with a table that to sing O Canada at Fernbank School, can seat at least 20. Small tables in the of- where she is in Grade 1. ficial reception rooms handle larger din- But she’ll soon have another song to ners where there are often 80 guests. And add to her international repertoire. The about 700 are invited for Brazil’s national family will be leaving their Sandy Hill day celebration each year on Sept. 7, home and moving on to a new posting when a huge tent dominates one of the in Colombia “when the snow flies.” two side gardens. The couple almost always includes a Margo Roston is an Ottawa writer.

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MHIO4C CANADIANA DELIGHTS| Reflections on John McCrae

By Laura Neilson Bonikowsky

emembrance Day plays a signifi- imagined him Force. Before he left, he wrote to a friend: Rcant role in my childhood memo- scribbling his “It is a terrible state of affairs, and I am ries; I was an army brat. We poem while wait- going because I think every bachelor, es- learned about Canadian surgeon, soldier, ing in his dugout pecially if he has experience of war, ought and poet John McCrae, memorized his for more wounded to go. I am really rather afraid, but more poem, In Flanders Fields, and recited it at to arrive. Lt. Col. afraid to stay at home with my con- school assemblies. On some bases, we McCrae must have felt frustration and science.” were marched to the cenotaph to see our despair at not being able to save all the John McCrae’s poem challenges the fathers on parade. Red felt poppies soldiers who came in a seemingly endless living to continue the fight, to ensure that bloomed on our parkas and were fixed stream from the front lines. lives were not lost in vain: precisely on soldiers’ hatbands. Dad’s Lt. Col. McCrae knew about war; he Take up our quarrel with the foe: postings were most often to bases where had served in the South African War. De- To you from failing hands we throw November meant cold and snow. As we The torch, be yours to hold it high. stood shivering and watching, I thought If ye break faith with us who die about soldiers in war, what war meant to We shall not sleep, though poppies grow families, and about my grandfathers, one In Flanders fields buried at sea, leaving behind a wife and five children, and the other who returned The dramatic third stanza was ex- from several years’ absence to children ploited to further Canada’s war effort—to who barely remembered him. recruit, raise money, comfort widows, at- What did it all mean? I reflected on tack pacifists and profiteers—and in the textbook descriptions of trenches—the campaign to draw the U.S. into the war. muck, the blood, the drifting clouds of Although poetry may seem an unlikely gas. Reciting John McCrae’s poem, I tool to promote war, the conflation of Lt. couldn’t connect grainy images of war to Col. McCrae’s skills and beliefs lends that “larks, still bravely singing” and rows of application an appropriate authority. poppies. In Flanders Fields was published in But I came to see those poppies, new Punch in December 1915, and quickly be- life amid rugged crosses marking came an enduring monument to lives lost makeshift graves, as little symbols of de- to war. John McCrae died of pneumonia termination to live on despite war’s de- spite the bloody horror of battle, he be- on January 28, 1918, and was buried with struction. Surely they were inspirations to lieved that injustice must be fought. full military honours in Wimereux Ceme- Lt. Col. McCrae. It was the day after his When Britain declared war on Germany tery, north of Boulogne, near Flanders’ friend, Alexis Helmer, was killed that he on August 4, 1914, Canada was automati- fields. was moved to speak for fallen soldiers, cally at war. Within three weeks, 45,000 employing a common poetic device of the Canadians, including John McCrae, had Laura Neilson Bonikowsky is the associ- time: the voice of the dead. As a child, I enlisted in the Canadian Expeditionary ate editor of The Canadian Encyclopedia.

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32 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 WINE |DELIGHTS The screwcap’s vindication

t used to be easy to tell a good wine life, you’ve probably old world, now use Stelvin, there is still a Ifrom a bad one just by looking at the tasted it. Unfortu- bit of a stigma in certain circles that no bottle. The bad (or cheap) wine had a nately for many pro- wine with a screwcap could possibly be screwcap that evoked all of the romance ducers, you might good. But there are plenty of beautiful E T T E

of cracking open a can of Coke. “Good” R have just thought wines I would have loved to have seen V U

(or expensive) wines required the skill O they made bad wine saved from corkiness by being bottled un- C

L U and elegance to use a corkscrew, sniff a A and avoided their of- der a Stelvin capsule. P

: O cork and pronounce a wine acceptable. T ferings in the future. The other concern with Stelvin is STEPHEN BECKTA O H Times certainly have changed. Now you P No wonder winer- something called reduction. Where both can buy a $5 bottle of plonk with a real ies began looking for natural corks and oak barrels allow small cork or shell out hundreds of dollars for a ways to avoid this nasty impression. amounts of oxygen into a wine, leaving trophy wine topped with a metal capsule The first thing some did was try to re- them completely open to air will result in that opens just like a Budweiser. place the potentially faulty corks with a an “oxidized” wine that resembles vine- synthetic cork, so you still had the same gar. However, depriving a wine com- CORK TAINT OCCURS IN ROUGHLY rituals as with real corks and the wines pletely of air can produce the opposite of still seemed “premium.” These closures oxidation, reduction. This is a broad term 10 PER CENT OF ALL WINES WITH had their own issues, however. Many to describe all the bad things that can wineries that have used synthetic corks happen in what scientists call anaerobic NATURAL CORK CLOSURES for more than five years find they some- conditions. These conditions involve sul- SO IF YOU’VE HAD MORE THAN 10 times impart a synthetic taste. The plastic fur chemistry and can lead to aromas of versions can also be really difficult to re- burned rubber, cabbage and rotten eggs. BOTTLES IN YOUR LIFE, YOU’VE move from the bottle if they are not ex- In the first study of its kind in England, actly the right size. these aromas were found, in at least PROBABLY TASTED IT. So wine producers started looking for minute quantities, in roughly 2 per cent other options and the Stelvin closure was of wines under Stelvin. born. This is not a run-of-the-mill screw- Still, the lack of pomp and circum- So what started all of this role-reversal? cap. It typically costs twice the price of an stance around opening a bottle of expen- It is a little compound called 2,4,6- average cork, and has none of the odours sive wine, along with the small risk of trichloroanisole, or TCA, which is the re- associated with either type of cork. “reduction” with a Stelvin closure, is a sult of fungi that occur naturally in the They’ve been using the Stelvin closures small price to pay to make sure your cork tree (where all natural corks come for 30 years in Switzerland and 10 years wine is what the winemaker put in the from). What this can do, to varying de- in New Zealand and Australia. They bottle. And besides, it will save a whole grees, is make a wine smell moldy, musty haven’t found the liner imparts any syn- generation of sommeliers like me from and very similar to wet cardboard. It’s just thetic tastes. carpal tunnel syndrome. not pleasant at all, although some drinkers So what are the downsides? The first is are more sensitive to it than others. Cork consumer acceptance. Although most Cheers! taint occurs in roughly 10 per cent of all wines coming out of New Zealand, and wines with natural cork closures so if many from Australia, California and Stephen Beckta is owner and sommelier you’ve had more than 10 bottles in your Canada, along with a smattering from the of Beckta dining & wine.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 33 ENVOY’S ALBUM DELIGHTS|

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4. THIS PAGE 1. Indonesian Ambassador Djoko Hardono and his wife Ulfah Hanif Hardono hosted a re- ception in celebration of their country’s 197th independence day Sept. 6. These girls are students of traditional Indonesian Hindu and Islamic Kingdom wayang orang unmasked dance. • 2. Mr. Hardono with a dancer. (Photos: Frank Scheme) • 3. A group of three Canadian high school students went to the Norwegian Arctic in September where they researched weather patterns and examined retreating glaciers as part of a project supported by the British Council. Shown the day before they left: British Council Canada climate change program manager Rebecca Zalatan, second from right, with students, left to right, Amélie Tremblay-Martin, from St. Lambert, Que.; Shona Couturier, of St. Hubert, Que.; and Doriana Sammurtok, of Chesterfield Inlet, Nunavut. (Photo: Colin Rowe) • 4. French Ambassador Daniel Jouanneau and his wife Odile hosted an event to mark the kick-off to Ottawa Dance Lab’s new season that started with the work of French choreographer Lionel Hoche. The Dance Lab launched its new endowment fund that evening in front of a group of 150 supporters. It received its first donation from Manitoba philanthropist Gail Asper earlier this year. Shown: Odile Jouanneau (centre) gets ex- pressive with two dancers. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson)

34 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 ENVOY’S ALBUM |DELIGHTS

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5. THIS PAGE 1. The University of Ottawa and Croatia’s Split University signed a cooperation agreement October 18 in Ottawa. First row from left: Ivan Pavic, rector of Split University and Gilles Patry, presi- dent of the University of Ottawa. Top row from left: Croatian Ambassador Vesela Mrden Korac; Sti- pan Jankovic, dean of Split University; Peter Turgwell, director of the centre for global health. (Photo: Mélanie Provencher) • 2. Diplomats took in the National Arts Centre gala Sept. 29. Shown: British High Commissioner Anthony Cary and his wife Clare. (Photo: Dyanne Wilson) • 3. Gov.-Gen. Michaelle Jean receives credentials from Greek Ambassador Nikolaos Matsis (Photo: Rideau Hall) • 4. Egyptian Ambassador Mahmoud El-Saeed hosted a dinner Sept. 11 for his country’s minister of manpower. From left: Mr. El-Saeed, Minister Aisha Abdel-Hady, and MP Deepak Obhrai, parliamen- tary secretary for foreign affairs. • 5. Carleton University signed an agreement in October with the National Board of Universities and Colleges of Peru. Shown: Carleton president Samy Mahmoud (right) and Peruvian Ambassador Guillermo Russo. (Photo: Yvonne Clevers) • 6. Rafael Arismendy Jimenez, consul of Colombia, and Jose Luis Parra (far right) join Krizia Zamora in representing Colom- bia at the Latino American Parade celebrations Sept. 9. (Photo: Danilo Velasquez) NEW ARRIVALS DIGNITARIES|

New Heads of Mission

Edda Mukabagwiza Ambassador of Rwanda

and a doctorate degree in law from the University of Santo Domingo. He also has a doctorate in legal services from the University of Warsaw. Ms. Mukabagwiza, who has a bachelor He has taught social sciences at four degree and a master’s of law from the different universities and, between 2003 National University of Rwanda, was and 2006, he was president of the central Rwanda’s minister of justice for three electoral board. For five years prior to years before being appointed ambassa- that, he was a titular judge with the dor to Canada. Prior to that, she was board. Between 1984 and 1990, he was general secretary at the ministry of jus- dean of the legal sciences faculty at the tice. University of Santo Domingo, and for Between 1999 and 2000, she worked as two years prior, he was vice-dean. executive secretary of HAGURUKA, a Dr. Nuñez speaks Spanish, Russian, non-governmental organization that pro- Polish, French and English. vides legal assistance to women, offers Dr. Duˇsan T. Batakovi´c training on women’s rights and conducts Ambassador of Serbia research into such issues as marital and inheritance law. Prior to that, she worked as a lawyer for the ministry of agricul- ture and the ministry of justice for three years. Ms. Mukabagwiza, 39, is married and has three children. Luis Eladio Arias Nuñez Ambassador of Dominican Republic OUTSKIRTS Dr. Nuñez comes to his job as ambassa- dor from the field of academia. He has a master’s degree in international relations

Dr. Batakovi´c, 50, was born in Belgrade. He has a master’s in history from the University of Belgrade and a doctorate in history from the University of Paris–Sor- bonne. He has been a research fellow of vari- ous institutions and, since 1998, has taught history at Belgrade University. For the past two years, he was director of the Institute for Balkan Studies of the Ser- bian Academy of Sciences and Arts. He served as president of the Council

36 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 NEW ARRIVALS | DIGNITARIES

Indonesia United Kingdom Dian Kusumaningsih Simon James Knapper for Democratic Changes in Serbia and ac- Second Secretary Defence Advisor tively campaigned against the regime of Saut Siringo Ringo United States Of America former president Slobodan Milosevic. Minister-Counsellor Scott Douglas Bellard From 2001 to 2005, Dr. Batakovi´c served as Minister-Counsellor ambassador to Greece and, in July 2005, Italy Sanzio Bonotto Gerald Edward Kaphing Jr he became advisor to Serbian President Defence, Military, Naval and Air Attaché Attaché Boris Tadi´c. Most recently, he was a mem- ber of the Belgrade negotiating team at Japan Lisa Loretta Gilliam Natsuko Sakata Assistant Attaché the UN-sponsored talks on the future of First Secretary the Serbian province of Kosovo and Meto- hija in Vienna. Republic of Korea Seung-Buhm Lee Non-Heads of Mission First Secretary Mexico Australia Rodolfo Florentino Diaz Ortega Greg Hamilton McCarthy Second Secretary First Secretary Jesus Alejandro Adame Cabrera Austria Deputy Military and Air Attaché Peter Storer Minister and Deputy Head of Mission Morocco Mohammed Meskaouni Philipp Marxgut Minister-Counsellor Attaché Russia Bulgaria Sergey Antropov Emilia Iordanova Stefanova-Veleva Third Secretary Counsellor Saudi Arabia China Saud Faleh Gh. Algharbi Peifang Liu Attaché First Secretary Hadi M. Alqahtani Shan Jiang Assistant Attaché Minister-Counsellor South Africa Egypt Johannes Lodewyk Nel Mahmoud M. I. A. Hablass First Secretary Attaché Sweden Greece Ingegerd Birgitta Ewing Michael Dimitrios Votsis Second Secretary First Secretary Trinidad And Tobago Hungary Anthony David Edghill Attila Toth Minister-Counsellor and Acting High Third Secretary Commissioner

India Turkey Ranjit Singh Nagpal Vakkas Arslan Attaché Attaché

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 37 S T

AFGHANISTAN AUSTRIA CAMEROON C Embassy of the Republic of Benin His Ex. Omar Samad His Ex. Otto Ditz 58 Glebe Avenue Mr. Martin Agbor Mbeng

A Embassy of the Islamic Republic of Embassy of the Republic of Austria Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2C3 Chargé d’Affaires

T Afghanistan 445 Wilbrod Street TEL 233-4429 FAX 233-8952 High Commission for the Republic 246 Queen Street, Suite 400 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6M7 [email protected] of Cameroon N Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5E4 TEL 789-1444 FAX 789-3431 170 Clemow Avenue TEL 563-4223 FAX 563-4962 [email protected] BOLIVIA Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2B4 O [email protected] His Ex. Edgar Torrez Mosqueira TEL 236-1522 FAX 236-3885 www.afghanemb-canada.net AZERBAIJAN Embassy of the Republic of Bolivia C CHILE

Mr. Farid Shafiyev 130 Albert Street, Suite 416 ALBANIA Chargé d’Affaires Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 His Ex. Eugenio Ortega Riquelme

C His Ex. Besnik Konci Embassy of the Republic of Azerbaijan TEL 236-5730 FAX 236-8237 Embassy of the Republic of Chile

I Embassy of the Republic of Albania 275 Slater Street, Suite 904-C [email protected] 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 1413 130 Albert Street, Suite 302 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H9 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 T Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL 288-0497 FAX 230-8089 BOSNIA-HERZEGOVINA TEL 235-9940 FAX 235-1176

A TEL 236-4114 FAX 236-0804 His Ex. Milenko Misic [email protected] [email protected] BAHAMAS Embassy of Bosnia and Herzegovina www.chile.ca His Ex. Philip P. Smith 130 Albert Street, Suite 805 M ALGERIA High Commission for The Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 CHINA

O His Ex. Smail Benamara Commonwealth of The Bahamas TEL 236-0028 FAX 236-1139 His Ex. Lu Shumin Embassy of the People’s Democratic 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 1313 [email protected] Embassy of the People’s Republic of L Republic of Algeria Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 www.bhembassy.ca China

P 500 Wilbrod Street TEL. 232-1724 FAX 232-0097 515 St. Patrick Street

I Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N2 [email protected] BRAZIL Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5H3 TEL 789-8505 FAX 789-1406 His Ex. Valdemar Carneiro Leäo TEL. 789-3434 FAX 789-1911 www.embassyalgeria.ca/eng.htm D BANGLADESH Embassy of the Federative Republic www.chinaembassycanada.org Mr. Syed Masud Mahmood of Brazil ANGOLA Khundoker 450 Wilbrod Street COLOMBIA His Ex. Miguel Maria N. Puna Acting High Commissioner Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6M8 His Ex. Jaime Giron Duarte Embassy of the Republic of Angola High Commission for the People’s TEL 237-1090 FAX 237-6144 Embassy of the Republic of Colombia 189 Laurier Avenue East Republic of Bangladesh [email protected] 360 Albert Street, Suite 1002 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6P1 275 Bank Street, Suite 302 Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7X7 TEL 234-1152 FAX 234-1179 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2L6 BRUNEI DARUSSALAM TEL 230-3760 FAX 230-4416 [email protected] TEL 236-0138 FAX 567-3213 Her Ex. Magdalene Chee Siong Teo [email protected] www.embangola-can.org [email protected] High Commission for Brunei www.embajadacolombia.ca www.bdhc.org Darussalam ARGENTINA 395 Laurier Avenue East CONGO (ZAIRE) His Ex. Arturo Bothamley BARBADOS Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R4 Ms. Louise Nzanga Ramazani Embassy of the Argentine Republic His Ex. Glyne Samuel Murray TEL 234-5656 FAX 234-4397 Chargé d’Affaires 81 Metcalfe Street 7th Floor High Commission for Barbados [email protected] Embassy of the Democratic Republic 55 Metcalfe St. #470 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6K7 of the Congo Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 6L5 TEL 236-2351 FAX 235-2659 BULGARIA 18 Range Road His Ex. Evgueni Stoytchev [email protected] TEL 236-9517 FAX 230-4362 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J3 www.argentina-canada.net [email protected] Embassy of the Republic of Bulgaria TEL 230-6391 FAX 230-1945 325 Stewart Street ARMENIA BELARUS Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6K5 COSTA RICA Mr. Arman Akopian Her Ex. Nina Mazai TEL 789-3215 FAX 789-3524 Her Ex. Emilia Maria Alvarez Chargé d’Affaires Embassy of the Republic of Belarus Navarro Embassy of the Republic of Armenia 130 Albert Street, Suite 600 BURKINA FASO Embassy of the Republic of Costa Rica 7 Delaware Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Her Ex. Juliette Bonkoungou 325 Dalhousie Street, Suite 407 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0Z2 TEL 233-9994 FAX 233-8500 Embassy of Burkina Faso Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7G2 TEL 234-3710 FAX 234-3444 [email protected] 48 Range Road TEL. 562-2855 FAX 562-2582 [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 [email protected] www.armembassycanada.ca BELGIUM TEL 238-4796 FAX 238-3812 www.costaricaembassy.com His Ex. Jean Lint [email protected] AUSTRALIA Embassy of Belgium www.ambaburkina-canada.org CÔTE D’IVOIRE His Ex. William Fisher 360 Albert Street, Suite 820 Her Ex. Dienebou Kaba Australian High Commission Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7X7 BURUNDI Embassy of the Republic of 50 O’Connor, Suite 710 TEL 236-7267 FAX 236-7882 Her Ex. Appolonie Simbizi Côte d’Ivoire Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 [email protected] Embassy of the Republic of Burundi 9 Marlborough Avenue TEL 236-0841 FAX 236-4376 www.diplomatie.be/ottawa 325 Dalhousie Street, Suite 815 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E6 www.canada.embassy.gov.au Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7G2 TEL. 236-9919 FAX 563-8287 BENIN TEL 789-0414 FAX 789-9537 [email protected] Mrs. Awahou Labouda [email protected] www.ambaci-ottawa.org Chargé d’Affaires http://ambabucanada.le-site.info

| EMBASSIES | HIGH COMMISSIONS | OTHER INTERNATIONAL REPRESENTATIVES 38 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 S T CROATIA ETHIOPIA GUATEMALA [email protected] Her Ex. Vesela Mrden Kora´c His Ex. Getachew Hailemariam His Ex. Manuel Estuardo Roldán www.indonesia-ottawa.org C Embassy of the Republic of Croatia Embassy of the Federal Democratic Embassy of the Republic of 229 Chapel Street Republic of Ethiopia Guatemala IRAN A T Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7Y6 151 Slater Street, Suite 210 130 Albert Street, Suite 1010 Seyed Mahdi Mohebi

TEL. 562-7820 FAX 562-7821 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5P2 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Chargé d’Affaires N [email protected] TEL. 235-6637 FAX 235-4638 TEL. 233-7237 FAX 233-0135 Embassy of the Islamic

www.croatiaemb.net [email protected] [email protected] Republic of Iran O www.ethiopia.ottawa.on.ca www.embaguate-canada.com 245 Metcalfe Street

CUBA Ottawa, Ontario K2P 2K2 C

His Ex. Ernesto Antonio Senti EUROPEAN UNION GUINEA TEL. 235-4726 FAX 232-5712 Embassy of the Republic of Cuba His. Ex. Dorian Prince Mrs. Hawa Diakité [email protected] 388 Main Street Delegation of the European Counsellor & Chargé d’Affaires www.salamiran.org C I Ottawa, Ontario K1S 1E3 Commission to Canada Embassy of the Republic of Guinea

TEL. 563-0141 FAX 563-0068 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1900 483 Wilbrod Street IRAQ T [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6N1 His Ex. Howar M. Ziad www.embacuba.ca TEL. 238-6464 FAX 238-5191 TEL. 789-8444 FAX 789-7560 Embassy of the Republic of Iraq A [email protected] [email protected] 215 McLeod Street

CZECH REPUBLIC www.delcan.ec.europa.eu Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0Z8 M His Ex. Pavel Vosalik GUYANA TEL. 236-9177 FAX 236-9641 Embassy of the Czech Republic F.Y.R. OF MACEDONIA His Ex. Rajnarine Singh [email protected] O

251 Cooper Street His Ex. Sasko Nasev High Commission for the Republic www.iraqembassy.ca L Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0G2 Embassy of the Former Yugoslav of Guyana TEL. 562-3875 FAX 562-3878 Republic of Macedonia 151 Slater Street, Suite 309 IRELAND P [email protected] 130 Albert Street, Suite 1006 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 His Ex. Declan Kelly I Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 TEL. 235-7249 FAX 235-1447 Embassy of Ireland D DENMARK TEL. 234-3882 FAX 233-1852 130 Albert Street, Suite 1105 His Ex. Poul Erik Dam Kristensen HAITI Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Royal Danish Embassy FINLAND Ms. Marie Nathalie Menos-Gissel TEL. 233-6281 FAX 233-5835 47 Clarence Street, Suite 450 His Ex. Pasi Mikael Patokallio Chargé d’Affaires [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9K1 Embassy of the Republic of Finland Embassy of the Republic of Haiti TEL. 562-1811 FAX 562-1812 55 Metcalfe Street, Suite 850 130 Albert Street, Suite 1409 ISRAEL [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L5 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5P2 His Ex. Alan Baker www.ambottawa.um.dk TEL. 288-2233 FAX 288-2244 TEL. 238-1628 FAX 238-2986 Embassy of Israel [email protected] [email protected] 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 1005 DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 His Ex. Luis Eladio Arias Nunez FRANCE HOLY SEE TEL. 567-6450 FAX 567-9878 Ambassador His Ex. Daniel Jouanneau His Ex. The Most Rev. Luigi Ventura [email protected] Embassy of the Dominican Republic Embassy of France Apostolic Nunciature www.embassyofIsreal.ca 130 Albert Street, Suite 418 42 Sussex Drive 724 Manor Avenue Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 2C9 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 0E3 ITALY TEL. 569-9893 FAX 569-8673 TEL. 789-1795 FAX 562-3704 TEL. 746-4914 FAX 746-4786 His Ex. Gabriele Sardo www.drembassy.org www.ambafrance-ca.org Embassy of the Italian Republic HONDURAS 275 Slater Street, 21st Floor ECUADOR GABON Her Ex. Beatriz Valle Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H9 His Ex. Fernando Ribadeneira His Ex. Joseph Obiang Ndoutoume Embassy of the Republic of TEL. 232-2401 FAX 233-1484 Fernández-Salvador Embassy of the Gabonese Republic Honduras [email protected] Embassy of the Republic of Ecuador 4 Range Road, P.O. Box 368 151 Slater Street, Suite 805 www.italyincanada.com 50 O’Connor Street, Suite 316 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J5 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6L2 TEL. 232-5301 FAX 232-6916 TEL. 233-8900 FAX 232-0193 JAMAICA Her Ex. Evadne Coye TEL. 563-4286 FAX 235-5776 [email protected] HUNGARY Jamaican High Commission His Ex. Pál Vastagh EGYPT GERMANY 275 Slater Street, Suite 800 His Ex. Mahmoud F. El-Saeed His Ex. Matthias Martin Höpfner Embassy of the Republic of Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H9 Embassy of the Arab Republic of Egypt Embassy of the Federal Republic of Hungary TEL. 233-9311 FAX 233-0611 454 Laurier Avenue East Germany 299 Waverley Street [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R3 1 Waverley Street Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0V9 TEL. 234-4931 FAX 234-4398 Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0T8 TEL. 230-2717 FAX 230-7560 JAPAN [email protected] TEL. 232-1101 FAX 594-9330 www.docuweb.ca/Hungary His Ex. Tsuneo Nishida www.mfa.gov.eg [email protected] Embassy of Japan ICELAND 255 Sussex Drive EL SALVADOR GHANA His Ex. Markus Örn Antonsson Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9E6 His Ex. Mauricio Rosales Rivera Her Ex. Margaret Ivy Amoakohene Embassy of Iceland TEL. 241-8541 FAX 241-2232 Embassy of the Republic of El Salvador High Commission for the Republic 360 Albert Street, Suite 710 [email protected] 209 Kent Street of Ghana Ottawa, Ontario K1R 7X7 www.ca.emb-japan.go.jp Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1Z8 1 Clemow Avenue TEL. 482-1944 FAX 482-1945 TEL. 238-2939 FAX 238-6940 Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2A9 [email protected] JORDAN [email protected] TEL. 236-0871 FAX 236-0874 His Ex. Nabil Ali Barto [email protected] INDIA Embassy of the Hashemite Kingdom ERITREA www.ghc-ca.com His Ex. Rajamani Lakshmi Narayan of Jordan His Ex. Ahferom Berhane High Commission for the Republic 100 Bronson Avenue, Suite 701 Embassy of the State of Eritrea GREECE of India Ottawa, Ontario K1R 6G8 75 Albert Street, Suite 610 His. Ex. Nikolaos Matsis 10 Springfield Road TEL. 238-8090 FAX 232-3341 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5E7 Embassy of the Hellenic Republic Ottawa, Ontario K1M 1C9 TEL. 234-3989 FAX 234-6213 80 MacLaren Street, Suite 76 TEL. 744-3751 FAX 744-0913 KENYA Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0K6 [email protected] Her Ex. Judith Mbula Bahemuka ESTONIA TEL. 238-6271 FAX 238-5676 www.hciottawa.ca High Commission for the Republic Rasmus Lumi [email protected] of Kenya Chargé d’Affaires www.greekembassy.ca INDONESIA 415 Laurier Avenue East Embassy of the Republic of Estonia His Ex. Djoko Hardono Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6R4 260 Dalhousie Street, Suite 210 Embassy of the Republic of TEL. 563-1773 FAX 233-6599 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 7E4 Indonesia [email protected] TEL. 789-4222 FAX 789-9555 55 Parkdale Avenue www.kenyahighcommission.ca [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 1E5 www.estemb.ca TEL. 724-1100 FAX 724-1105

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C KOREA, REPUBLIC TEL. 232-1501 FAX 232-7429 NORWAY PORTUGAL His Ex. Soo-dong Kim [email protected] His Ex. Tor Berntin Naess His Ex. Joao Pedro Silveira Carvalho

A Embassy of the Republic of Korea www.ambamalicanada.org Embassy of the Kingdom of Norway Embassy of Portugal T 150 Boteler Street 90 Sparks Street, Suite 532 645 Island Park Drive Ottawa, Ontario K1N 5A6 MAURITANIA Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5B4 Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 0B8 N TEL. 244-5010 FAX 244-5034 His Ex. Mahfoud Ben Deddach TEL. 238-6571 FAX 238-2765 TEL. 729-0883 FAX 729-4236 www.emb-korea.ottawa.on.ca Embassy of the Islamic Republic of [email protected] embportugal@embportugal/ottawa.org O Mauritania www.emb-norway.ca KUWAIT 121 Sherwood Drive ROMANIA C

His Ex. Musaed Rashed Al-Haroun Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 3V1 O/OF EASTERN CARIBBEAN Her Ex. Elena Stefoi Embassy of the State of Kuwait TEL. 237-3283 FAX 237-3287 STATES Embassy of Romania

C 333 Sussex Drive His Ex. Brendon Browne 655 Rideau Street I Ottawa, Ontario, K1N 1J9 MEXICO High Commission for the Countries Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6A3

T TEL. 780-9999 FAX 780-9905 His Ex. Emilio Rafael Jose of the Organization of Eastern TEL. 789-3709 FAX 789-4365 Goicoechea Caribbean States [email protected]

A LATVIA Embassy of the United Mexican 130 Albert Street, Suite 700 http://ottawa.mae.ro His Ex. Mar`gers Krams States Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4

M Embassy of the Republic of Latvia 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1000 TEL. 236-8952 FAX 236-3042 RUSSIA 350 Sparks Street, Suite 1200 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 [email protected] His Ex. Georgiy Mamedov

O Ottawa, Ontario, K1P 5G8 TEL. 233-8988 FAX 235-9123 www.oecs.org/ottawa/index.html Embassy of the Russian Federation TEL. 238-6014 FAX 238-7044 [email protected] 285 Charlotte Street L [email protected] www.embamexcan.com PAKISTAN Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8L5 His. Ex. Musa Javed Chohan P www.ottawa.mfa.gov.lv TEL. 235-4341 FAX 236-6342

I MONGOLIA High Commission for the Islamic [email protected] LEBANON His Ex. Gotov Dugerjav Republic of Pakistan www.rusembcanada.mid.ru D Mr. Massoud Maalouf Embassy of Mongolia 10 Range Road Chargé d’Affaires 151 Slater Street, Suite 503 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J3 RWANDA Embassy of Lebanon Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 TEL. 238-7881 FAX 238-7296 Her Ex. Edda Mukabagwiza 640 Lyon Street TEL. 569-3830 FAX 569-3916 [email protected] Embassy of the Republic of Rwanda Ottawa, Ontario K1S 3Z5 [email protected] 153 Gilmour Street TEL. 236-5825 FAX 232-1609 PALESTINE Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 0N8 [email protected] MOROCCO Mr. Amin Abou-Hassira Tel. 569-5424 Fax 569-5421 www.lebanonembassy.ca His Ex. Mohamed Tangi Head of the General Delegation [email protected] Embassy of the Kingdom of 45 Country Club Dr., www.ambarwaottawa.ca LESOTHO Morocco Ottawa, Ontario Her Ex. Mots'eoa Senyane 38 Range Road K1V 9W1 SAUDI ARABIA High Commission for the Kingdom Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 TEL: 736-0053 His Ex. Abdulaziz Bin Hussein Al- of Lesotho TEL. 236-7391 FAX 236-6164 FAX: 736-0535 Sowayegh 130 Albert Street, Suite 1820 [email protected] Royal Embassy of Saudi Arabia Ottawa, ON K1P 5G4 MYANMAR 201 Sussex Drive Canada Mr. Maung Maung PANAMA Ottawa, ON K1N 1K6 TEL: 234-0770 FAX: 234-5665 Chargé d'Affaires Her Ex. Romy Vásquez de González TEL 237-4100 FAX 237-0567 Embassy of the Union of Myanmar Embassy of the Republic of Panama LIBYA 85 Range Road, Suite 902 130 Albert Street, Suite 300 SENEGAL His Ex. Ahmed Ali Jarrud Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J6 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 His Excellency Issakha Mbacke Embassy of the Great Socialist TEL. 232-9990 FAX 232-6999 TEL. 236-7177 FAX 236-5775 Embassy of the Republic of Senegal People’s Libyan Arab Jamahiriya [email protected] embassyof [email protected] 57 Marlborough Avenue 81 Metcalfe Street, Suite 1000 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E8 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6K7 NETHERLANDS PARAGUAY TEL. 238-6392 FAX 238-2695 TEL. 230-0919 FAX 230-0683 His Ex. Karel de Beer His Ex. Juan E. Aguirre Martinez [email protected] [email protected] Embassy of the Kingdom of the Embassy of the Republic of Netherlands Paraguay SERBIA LITHUANIA 350 Albert Street, Suite 2020 151 Slater Street, Suite 501 His Ex. Du˘san Batakovi´c Her Ex. Siguté Jakstonyté Ottawa, Ontario K1R 1A4 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 Embassy of the Republic of Serbia Embassy of the Republic of TEL. 237-5030 FAX 237-6471 TEL. 567-1283 FAX 567-1679 17 Blackburn Avenue Lithuania [email protected] consularsection@embassyof- Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8A2 130 Albert Street, Suite 204 paraguay.ca TEL. 233-6289 FAX 233-7850 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 NEW ZEALAND [email protected] TEL. 567-5458 FAX 567-5315 Her Ex. Kate Lackey PERU www.embscg.ca New Zealand High Commission His Ex. Guillermo Russo MADAGASCAR 99 Bank Street, Suite 727 Embassy of the Republic of Peru SLOVAK REPUBLIC His. Ex. Simon Constant Horace Ottawa, Ontario K1P 6G3 130 Albert Street, Suite 1901 His Ex. Stanislav Opiela Embassy of the Republic of TEL. 238-5991 FAX 238-5707 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Embassy of the Slovak Republic Madagascar [email protected] TEL. 238-1777 FAX 232-3062 50 Rideau Terrace 65 Macnabb Place, Rockcliffe Park www.nzembassy.com/home.cfm?c=38 [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1M 2A1 Ottawa, ON K1L 8J5 TEL. 749-4442 FAX 749-4989 TEL: 567-0505 FAX 567-2882 NIGER PHILIPPINES [email protected] [email protected] Her Ex. Nana Aicha Foumakoye His Ex. Jose S. Brillantes www.ottawa.mfa.sk www.madagascar-embassy.ca Embassy of the Republic of the Embassy of the Republic of the Niger Philippines SLOVENIA MALAYSIA 38 Blackburn Avenue 130 Albert Street, Suite 606 Ex. Tomaz Kunstelj His Ex. Dennis Ignatius Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8A3 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Embassy of the Republic of Slovenia High Commission for Malaysia TEL. 232-4291 FAX 230-9808 TEL. 233-1121 FAX 233-4165 150 Metcalfe Street, Suite 2101 60 Boteler Street [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1P1 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8Y7 NIGERIA TEL. 565-5781 FAX 565-5783 TEL. 241-5182 FAX 241-5214 Mrs. Ifeoma Jacinte Akabogu- POLAND [email protected] [email protected] Chinwuba His Ex. Piotr Ogrodzinski Acting High Commissioner Embassy of the Republic of Poland SOUTH AFRICA MALI High Commission for the Federal 443 Daly Avenue His Ex. Abraham Sokhaya Nkomo His Ex. Mamadou Bandiougou Republic of Nigeria Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6H3 High Commission for the Republic Diawara 295 Metcalfe Street TEL. 789-0468 FAX 789-1218 of South Africa [email protected] Embassy of the Republic of Mali Ottawa, Ontario K2P 1R9 15 Sussex Drive 50 Goulburn Avenue Tel. 236-0521 Fax 236-0529 Ottawa, Ontario K1M 1M8 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8C8 TEL. 744-0330 FAX 741-1639

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[email protected] TAIPEI Economic & Cultural office UGANDA 32 Range Road C His Ex. George Marino Abola www.southafrica-canada.ca David Tawei Lee, Representative Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 A

45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1960 High Commission for the Republic TEL. 235-5151 FAX 235-3205 T SPAIN Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 of Uganda www.misionvenezuela.org

His Ex. Mariano Alonso-Burón TEL. 231-5080 FAX 231-7112 231 Cobourg Street N Embassy of the Kingdom of Spain [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J2 VIETNAM

74 Stanley Avenue TEL. 789-7797 FAX 789-8909 His Excellency Duc Hung Nguyen O [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1M 1P4 TANZANIA Embassy of the Socialist Republic of

TEL. 747-2252 FAX 744-1224 His Ex. Peter Kallaghe www.ugandahighcommission.ca Vietnam C [email protected] High Commission for the United 470 Wilbrod Street www.embaspain.ca Republic of Tanzania UKRAINE Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6M8 His. Ex. Ihor Ostash C

50 Range Road TEL. 236-0772 FAX 236-2704 I SRI LANKA Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J4 Embassy of Ukraine His Ex. W.J.S. Karunaratne TEL. 232-1509 FAX 232-5184 310 Somerset Street, West, YEMEN T High Commission for the [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario, K2P 0J9 His Ex. Dr. Abdulla Abdulwali A Democratic Socialist Republic www.tanzaniahighcommission.ca Tel. 230-2961 Fax 230-2400 Nasher of Sri Lanka www.ukremb.ca Embassy of the Republic of Yemen 333 Laurier Avenue West, Suite 1204 THAILAND 54 Chamberlain Avenue M Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1C1 His Ex. Snanchart Devahastin UNITED ARAB EMIRATES Ottawa, Ontario K1S 1V9 TEL. 233-8449 FAX 238-8448 The Royal Thai Embassy His Ex. Hassan Al-Suwaidi TEL. 729-6627 FAX 729-8915 O

www.srilankahcottawa.org 180 Island Park Drive Embassy of the United Arab Emirates www.yemenincanada.ca L Ottawa, Ontario K1Y 0A2 45 O’Connor Street, Suite 1800 SUDAN ZAMBIA P

TEL. 722-4444 FAX 722-6624 Ottawa, Ontario K1P 1A4 I His Ex. David Clifford Saviye Her Ex. Dr. Faiza Hassan Taha [email protected] TEL. 565-7272 FAX 565-8007

Armousa [email protected] High Commission for the Republic D Embassy of the Republic of the Sudan TOGO www.uae-embassy.com of Zambia 354 Stewart Street His Ex. Bawoumondom Amelete 151 Slater St., Suite 205 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 6K8 Embassy of the Togolese Republic UNITED KINGDOM Ottawa, Ontario His Ex. Anthony Cary TEL. 235-4000 FAX 235-6880 12 Range Road K1B 5H3 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8J3 British High Commission TEL: 232-4400 FAX: 232-4410 SWEDEN TEL. 238-5916 FAX 235-6425 80 Elgin Street Her Ex. Ingrid Maria Iremark Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5K7 ZIMBABWE Embassy of Sweden TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO TEL. 237-1530 FAX 237-7980 Her Ex. Florence Zano Chideya 377 Dalhousie Street Mr. Anthony David Edghill www.britainincanada.org Embassy of the Republic of Ottawa, Ontario K1N 9N8 Acting High Commissioner Zimbabwe TEL. 244-8200 FAX 241-2277 High Commission for the Republic UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 332 Somerset Street West [email protected] of Trinidad and Tobago His Ex. David Wilkins Ottawa, Ontario K2P 0J9 www.swedishembassy.ca 200 First Avenue, Third Level Embassy of the United States of TEL. 237-4388 FAX 563-8269 Ottawa, Ontario K1S 2G6 America SWITZERLAND TEL. 232-2418 FAX 232-4349 490 Sussex Drive Diplomat Magazine Contacts His Ex. Werner Baumann [email protected] Ottawa, Ontario K1N 1G8 Embassy of Switzerland TEL. 238-5335 FAX 688-3080 Jennifer Campbell 5 Marlborough Avenue TUNISIA www.usembassycanada.gov Editor Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8E6 His Ex Abdessalem Hetira (613) 231-8476 TEL. 235-1837 FAX 563-1394 Embassy of the Republic of Tunisia URUGUAY [email protected] [email protected] 515 O’Connor Street His Ex. Alväro M. Moerzinger Ottawa, Ontario K1S 3P8 Embassy of the Eastern Republic of Neil Reynolds SYRIA TEL. 237-0330 FAX 237-7939 Uruguay Publisher His Ex. Jamil Haidar Sakr [email protected] 130 Albert Street, Suite 1905 Embassy of the Syrian Arab Republic Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5G4 Donna Jacobs 151 Slater Street, Suite 1000 TURKEY TEL. 234-2727 FAX 233-4670 Associate Publisher Ottawa, Ontario K1P 5H3 His Ex. Aydemir Erman TEL. 569-5556 FAX 569-3800 Embassy of the Republic of Turkey VENEZUELA Phone: (613) 259-3038 www.syrianembassy.ca 197 Wurtemburg Street Jose Antonio Manlio Rodriguez de Fax: (613) 259-5481 Ottawa, Ontario K1N 8L9 la Sierra Llerandi TEL. 789-4044 FAX 789-3442 Chargé d’Affaires Website: [email protected] Embassy of the Bolivarian Republic www.diplomatonline.com of Venezuela

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42 NOVEMBER—DECEMBER 2007 THE LAST WORD | DESTINATIONS

(continued from page 44) and culture. She liked to play the pi- anoforte, go riding in long gloves and a cape, and write verse. They fell for Mr. Burr’s charm, and made arrangements to have him visit again soon, which he did. What happened next is still debated in historical circles. What’s clear is that Mr. Jefferson had his old nemesis arrested for treason, claiming that Mr. Burr intended to take over some piece of U.S. territory by force, in an expedition mounted from Blennerhassett Island. Poor Mr. Blenner- hassett was arrested as well, and troops destroyed his fine white house with the two crescent-shaped wings, though Mar- garet Blennerhassett was able to escape downriver with some of the furniture. The two men were tried by the chief jus- tice of the federal Supreme Court, who happened to be Mr. Jefferson’s brother-in- law. Nonetheless, they were found inno- cent. Mr. Burr went into European exile. The Blennerhassetts were ruined, and took to wandering. When you come ashore on the island, a narrow trail takes you through thick woods to a sudden clearing—and there it is, a perfect reconstruction of the manor. So many of the river travellers the Blennerhassetts entertained left detailed descriptions of the interior and grounds that West Virginia, in whose waters it lies, was able to make this excellent recreation in the 1970s atop the original foundation. Harman Blennerhassett was arrested for treason because of his association with one-time vice-president Aaron Burr. The Blennerhassetts eventually fetched up in Montreal where he became a lawyer. As many Blennerhassett possessions as possible were brought together there from wherever the four winds had scat- tered them. In the early morning, smoke is coming from the kitchen and two horses, still hitched to a wagon, are neighing for their breakfast. The soil is damp and rich and the past seems very close because the ur- ban world is far away. So what I am doing here? A dozen years after the trial, the Blennerhassetts went to Montreal where s s

Harman practised law, unsuccessfully, e r and Margaret found comfort in her writ- g n o C

ing. She was the first woman in Canada f o to publish a book of verse and has been y r a

called “the mother of English-Canadian r b i poetry.” Her collection The Widow of the L Rock, And Other Poems (1824) includes Poet Margaret Blennerhassett President Thomas Jefferson “The Deserted Isle” in which she asks out loud, “O! why, dear Isle, are thou not still my own? Thy charms could then for all my griefs atone.” Editor’s note: Now magnificently restored, the Blennerhassett mansion is part of Blennerhassett Island Historical State Park in West Virginia, which is open daily in the spring and summer George Fetherling’s most recent book is months. Directions: Go to the riverboat landing in Parkersburg and take a sternwheeler to the Tales of Two Cities: A Novella Plus Stories. park, a ride of only 20 minutes. Allow three hours or more for your visit.

DIPLOMAT AND INTERNATIONAL CANADA 43 THE LAST WORD DESTINATIONS | Canada’s connections to historic scandals on the Ohio River

By George Fetherling

n Greek mythology the souls of the Idead were taken by ferry across a river (originally the Acheron, in later ver- sions, the Styx) on whose other side lay Hades. The ferry operator, Charon, ex- pected to be paid. This morning, I’m re- minded of this because I’m one of four passengers on a small ferryboat that seems to be gliding through the water without any source of power. Visibility is low, and every so often there is a short blast from its bass-baritone foghorn. It’s all a bit spooky. When travelling outside the country I’m always alert to sites with some connection to Canadian history. This time I’m on the Ohio River, going to Blennerhassett Island. Thereby hangs a yarn.

Before the U.S. constitution started to G N I L

undergo reforms, the presidential candi- R E H T E

date who received the most votes in F

E G

Congress became the chief executive and R O E the person with the next greatest num- G ber became vice-president. In 1800, there The home of Harman and Margaret Blennerhassett has been recreated and is now a tourist draw because was a tie. In the end, Thomas Jefferson Mr. Blennerhassett was implicated in fugitive Aaron Burr’s scheme to take over a piece of U.S. territory. became president and Senator Aaron Canadians may be interested because Mrs. Blennerhassett became the first woman in Canada to publish a book of verse. Burr his VP. The two were equally smart but of different parties, and they de- spised each other. The relationship fi- Travelling down the Ohio to reach gruous in such a place. A lawyer by train- nally exploded in 1804 when, in a New Orleans and then maybe Texas or ing but an avid amateur scientist and all- personal matter, Aaron Burr killed Mexico, Mr. Burr stopped at the large fig- round child of the Enlightenment, Mr. Alexander Hamilton, the former secre- ure-eight-shaped island part way be- Blennerhassett had come there to escape tary of the treasury, in a duel. Mr. Jeffer- tween what are now southern West scorn for having married his niece, the son was furious at Mr. Burr and his Virginia and Ohio but were then wilder- former Margaret Agnew. She was even subsequent flight to other jurisdictions. ness. There, an aristocratic Anglo-Irish ex- higher up the social scale than he was. The disgraced defendant went west to ile, Harman Blennerhassett, had built a Both were far-famed for their hospitality start over, as people did then. Georgian mansion that still seems incon- (continued on page 43)

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