Discovery Reports

9<S Q 7.*// DISCOVERY REPORTS Issued by the Discovery Committee Colonial Office, London on behalf of the Government of the Dependencies of the Falkland Islands VOLUME XXII CAMBRIDGE AT THE UNIVERSITY PRESS r 943 [Discovery Reports. Vol. XXII, pp. 301-510, Plates V-XIII, September 1943] POLYZOA (BRYOZOA) I. SCRUPOCELLARIIDAE, EPISTOMIIDAE, FARCIMINARIIDAE, BICELLARIELLIDAE, AETEIDAE, SCRUPARIIDAE By ANNA B. HASTINGS, M.A., Ph.D. British Museum (Natural History) CONTENTS Introduction PaSe 3°3 Interpretation of Busk's work 303 Acknowledgements 304 List of stations, and of the species collected at each 305 List of species discussed 318 Systematic descriptions 319 Geographical distribution of species 477 The relation between hydrological conditions and the distribution of the species 491 Geographical distribution of genera 492 Seasonal distribution of ancestrulae 497 Note on the vermiform bodies found in some Polyzoa 499 Addendum 501 References 501 Index 506 Plates V-XIII following page 510 ; POLYZOA (BRYOZOA) I. SCRUPOCELLARIIDAE, EPISTOMIIDAE, FARCIMINARI1DAE, BICELLARIELLIDAE, AETEIDAE, SCRUPARIIDAE By Anna B. Hastings, M.A., Ph.D. British Museum (Natural History) (Plates V-XIII ; Text-figs. 1-66) INTRODUCTION Discovery Investigations an exceptionally fine collection of In the course of the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Polyzoa has been made, as well as small collections from South Africa, New Zealand and certain islands in the tropical Atlantic. Together with this Discovery material I have studied the collections made by the National 1 Antarctic Expedition (190 1-4) and the British Antarctic ('Terra Nova') Expedition; the South Georgian Polyzoa collected by the Shackleton-Rowett (' Quest ') Expedition and collections from the Falkland Islands lent to me by the Hamburg Museum and the U.S. National Museum. British Museum specimens are designated throughout by their registration numbers of four numbers separated by full stops, thus : 87 . 12 9 . 166, or 1938 .3.5.1. which consist . Six families are considered in this report. They comprise eighty Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species with fifteen varieties (see Table 3, p. 479). The only species in Table 3 that I have not had an opportunity of examining are six of the abyssal forms. A list of the species collected by the Discovery and the Terra Nova Expeditions at localities outside the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic area is given on p. 491. A list of the species discussed in the systematic part of the report is given on p. 3 18, and on p. 305 a list of species obtained at each Discovery station. The inclusion of the Scrupariidae is for convenience, and is not meant to imply that I regard the problem of whether they belong to the Cellularina or the Malacostega as settled (cf. Harmer, 1926, p. 187). I have no doubt that Brettia triplex belongs to the Cellularina, but its relationship to the other species of Brettia is uncertain. INTERPRETATION OF BUSK'S WORK It should perhaps be explained that Busk's original drawings have recently come into my hands, and, as many of them have unpublished data written on them, they are useful in interpreting his work. In the past the scanty explanations published with Busk's figures have been a great difficulty. A species would be recorded from several more or less remote localities, and 1 Anyone re-examining the Terra Nova material should be warned that some specimens have a false appearance of pigmentation because they have spent many years in jars of mixed material which included animals whose pigment has dissolved in the spirit and stained the whole contents of the jars. 3 o4 DISCOVERY REPORTS figured without any statement of the origin of the figured specimen. The British Museum Catalogue (1852 and 1854) has given especial difficulty in this way. There is " in the Museum a series of slides, received in 1854 and known as the British Museum Catalogue Collection ", but only a small part of the specimens mentioned in the catalogue is represented in this collection, and the rest have been regarded as missing or un- recognizable. The drawings show that the catalogue was, as its name implies, chiefly based on specimens already in the Museum, including the Johnston collection (cata- logued by Gray, 1848), whose registered numbers are given on many of the drawings. The slides received in 1854 are specimens from Busk's own collection which he included in the catalogue and deposited in the Museum on its publication. As to the Challenger Reports, the series of mounted and unmounted specimens received by the British Museum in 1887 and known as the "Challenger Collection" is almost complete in so far as specimens of each species from nearly every station at which it was recorded are present, but a large number of preparations from this material were kept by Busk and did not come to the Museum till his whole collection came in 1899. It has generally been assumed that the type and figured specimens were to be found among those deposited in 1887, but it is now known that there are some figured and otherwise important Challenger specimens in the 1899 collection. The work of tracing the figured specimens and preparing a new set of more detailed explanations of Busk's figures is in progress. In the meantime some of the information has been used to solve the problems of the present report. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am very grateful to Dr Thiel and Professor Bassler for the loans of unnamed material from the Hamburg and U.S. National Museums respectively, and for the exchange arrangements by which we have kept some of the material ; to Dr Thiel for lending me some of Calvet's type specimens; to the Manchester Museum for frequent loans of type and other specimens from the Waters Collection ; to Mr A. A. Livingstone, Professor Ernst Marcus, Professor C. H. O'Donoghue and Professor R. C. Osburn, who have all lent specimens of their own, and to Dr Sixten Bock for lending specimens from the Riksmuseum, Stockholm ; to the Discovery Staff, most of whom have at one time or another given me the benefit of their special knowledge of the problems before me, particularly over questions of distribution and hydrology; to the Director of the Scott Polar Research Institute, Cambridge, for the facilities afforded me for consulting various documents, including notes made by Mr Hodgson, naturalist to the National Antarctic Expedition ; to Mr W. A. Smith, from whom I have constantly received very reliable help, particularly in listing and sorting collections and checking manuscript and proofs; to Mr M. G. Sawyers for his careful and skilful photography; to Miss E. C. Humphreys for the clearness and accuracy of the maps; to Sir Sidney Harmer for opportunities of consulting his catalogue and for his interest and help throughout my work ; and to Dr N. A. Mackintosh for his patience over my unavoidable delays with the proofs. : STATIONS AND SPECIES 305 LIST OF STATIONS, AND OF THE SPECIES COLLECTED AT EACH DISCOVERY INVESTIGATIONS Further particulars of the stations are given in the Discovery Investigations Station Lists 1925-1927. Discovery Reports, 1, 1929, pp. 1-140, pis. i-vi. 1927-1929. Discovery Reports, in, 1930, pp. 1-132, pis. i-x. 1929-1931. Discovery Reports, iv, 1932, pp. 1-232, pis. i-v. 1931-1933. Discovery Reports, xxi, 1941, pp. 1-226, pis. i-iv. R.R.S. 'Discovery' St. 1. 16. xi. 25. Clarence Bay, Ascension Island, 7° 55' 15" S, 14 25' W. 16-27 m - Scrupocellaria frondis Kirkpatrick Aetea curta Jullien 12' St. 4. 30. i. 26. Tristan da Cunha, 36 55' S, 12 W. 40-46 m. Scrupocellaria ornithorhyncus Thomson Aetea anguina (Linnaeus) Caberea rostrata Busk St. 5. 31. i. 26. Quest Bay, Tristan da Cunha. 7-12 m. Scrupocellaria ornithorhyncus Thomson Caberea rostrata Busk St. 6. 1. ii. 26. Tristan da Cunha, 3 miles N 30 E of Settlement. 80-140 m. Caberea darwinii Busk Comucopina pectogemma (Goldstein) ° St. 20. 4. iii. 26. South Georgia, 14-6 miles N 41 E of Cape Saunders. 200 m. Himantozoum antarcticum (Calvet) Light. St. 27. 15. iii. 26. West Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, 3-3 miles S 44 E of Jason no m. Amastigia gaussi (Kluge) Himantozoum antarcticum (Calvet) Notoplites drygalskii (Kluge) Camptoplites tricomis Waters Farciminellum antarcticum sp.n. C. retiformis (Kluge) 8i° of Merton Rock St. 39. 25. iii. 26. East Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, from 8 cables S W to 1-3 miles N 7 E of Macmahon Rock. 179-235 m. Amastigia gaussi (Kluge) Camptoplites bicornis var. magna (Kluge) Notoplites antarcticus (Waters) C. retiformis (Kluge) N. tenuis (Kluge) St. 42. 1. iv. 26. Off mouth of Cumberland Bay, South Georgia, from 6-3 miles N 89 E of Jason Light to 4 miles N 39° E of Jason Light. 120-204 m. Amastigia gaussi (Kluge) Comucopina pectogemma (Goldstein) Notoplites antarcticus (Waters) Beania erecta var. livingstonei var.n. N. drygalskii (Kluge) Himantozoum antarcticum (Calvet) N. crassiscutus sp.n. Camptoplites tricomis (Waters) Caberea darwinii Busk C. retiformis (Kluge) Farciminellum antarcticum sp.n. St. 45. 6. iv. 26. South Georgia, 27 miles S 85 E of Jason Light. 238-270 m. Caberea darwinii Busk Camptoplites latus var. aspera var.n. Himantozoum antarcticum (Calvet) Point Beacon. St. 48. 3. v. 26. Port William, Falkland Islands, 8-3 miles N 53° E of William 105-115 m. Beania costata (Busk) 3 o6 DISCOVERY REPORTS St. 51. 4. v. 26. Off Eddystone Rock, East Falkland Island, from 7 miles N 50 E to 7-6 miles N 63 E of Eddystone Rock. 105-115 m. Notoplites elongatus var. calveti var.n. Caberea darwinii Busk Tricellaria aculeata (d'Orbigny) St. 53. 12. v. 26. Port Stanley, East Falkland Island, hulk of 'Great Britain'.

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