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DOTT.SSA LAURA SELBMANN Ubicazione Studio: Stanza N DOTT.SSA LAURA SELBMANN Ubicazione studio: Stanza n. 316°, Piano 2, Blocco D, Largo dell’Università snc, 01100 Viterbo Tel. : 0761/357012 – Fax: 0761/357179 - E-mail: [email protected] CURRICULUM VITAE Laureata in Scienze Biologiche presso l`Universita` "La Sapienza" in Roma in data 15 luglio 1993 ed abilitata all'esercizio della professione di Biologo nella sessione di novembre 1994. E’ iscritta all’Ordine Nazionale dei Biologi dal mese di settembre 1995. Ha avuto due contratti di prestazione professionale presso il Laboratorio di Microbiologia Generale del Prof. F. Federici, del Dipartimento di Agrobiologia ed Agrochimica dell'Università degli Studi della Tuscia nei periodi dal 20/10/1994 al 20/02/1995 e dal 13/05/1996 al 13/10/1996. Ha collaborato con il laboratorio di Ecologia Microbica del Prof. Trovatelli presso il Dipartimento di Agrobiologia ed Agrochimica dell'Università degli Studi della Tuscia lavorando su microrganismi ipertermofili e ossigeno intolleranti dal mese di settembre del 1995 e fino al mese di gennaio 1996. Dottore di Ricerca in data 23/02/2000, discutendo la tesi dal titolo “Polisaccaridi di origine fungina: produzione, caratterizzazione chimica, implicazioni ecologiche e preliminare indagine immunologia”. Ha seguito il Corso di Perfezionamento post-lauream in Fitoterapia e Piante Officinali dell’Università della Tuscia/CISDO dal gennaio 2000 al giugno 2000, sostenendo con esito positivo l’esame conclusivo in data 10/06/2000. Iscritta alla Società Botanica Italiana dal mese di dicembre 2004. ATTIVITÀ SCIENTIFICA L’attività scientifica ha come oggetto lo studio dei microrganismi fungini dal punto di vista ecologico, tassonomico, fisiologico, molecolare ed applicativo. In particolare la dr.ssa Selbmann si occupa di micologia antartica dal 1993 nell’ambito del Programma Nazionale per le Ricerche in Antartide (PNRA). 1. Studi di micodiversità, filogenesi e tassonomia molecolare Gli studi di caratterizzazione molecolare e di filogenesi sono stati rivolti agli organismi fungini, definiti criptoendolitici, isolati dalle porosità delle rocce arenarie del Deserto di Ross in Antartide (McMurdo Dry Valleys). Questi microrganismi, che vivono nell’ambiente terrestre più freddo ed arido sulla Terra al limite del loro potenziale biologico, sono rimasti isolati dal pool genico globale per tempi significativamente lunghi su scala evolutiva. Questa condizione si rivela ottimale per la formazione di nuove specie. L’attenzione è stata focalizzata in particolare sull’enigmatico gruppo dei funghi neri meristemoidi, organismi particolarmente estremotolleranti isolati anche in altri ambienti ma, comunque, caratterizzati da condizioni stressanti. Questi organismi risultano dal punto di vista morfologico scarsamente differenziati pertanto il loro studio richiede anche un approccio molecolare. Le indagini, attualmente ancora in corso, hanno già permesso di descrivere, su base molecolare e morfologica, il nuovo genere endemico Cryomyces e le tre nuove specie endemiche Cryomyces antarcticus, Cryomyces minteri e Friedmanniomyces simplex. In particolare gli studi filogenetici sono stati effettuati sulla base del confronto delle sequenze ITS e SSU dell’rDNA. I funghi criptoendolitici antartici, inoltre, rappresentano un modello di studio ideale per verificare la possibilità presente o passata di vita su Marte, in quanto le McMurdo Dry Valleys rappresentano l’ambiente terrestre più simile a quello marziano. 2. Studi di carattere ecologico Gli studi di carattere ecologico hanno riguardato indagini sulle strategie di sopravvivenza adottate dai microrganismi fungini in ambiente antartico. Sono state studiate le preferenze termiche e le competenze enzimatiche di differenti isolati fungini; tali indagini hanno permesso di individuare una micoflora composta prevalentemente da specie mesofile psicrotolleranti e caratterizzata da una bassa versatilità econutrizionale. Specie più strettamente psicrofile sono state individuate tra gli isolati provenienti da campioni di roccia raccolti in zone caratterizzate da condizioni particolarmente stressanti per quello che riguarda le basse temperature e le forti escursioni termiche quali le McMurdo Dry Valleys. E’ stata, inoltre, dimostrata la maggiore capacità di tollerare l’esposizione a radiazioni UV-B di isolati antartici rispetto ad isolati europei. Studi specifici hanno dimostrato che la capacità di produrre esopolisaccaridi costituisce per i funghi antartici una strategia di adattamento in quanto queste sostanze sono in grado di proteggere il micelio da cicli ripetuti di congelamento e scongelamento. Indagini sulle strategie adattative di fungi criptoendolitici sono attualmente in corso ed il loro ruolo incisivo sui fenomeni di esfoliazione delle rocce osservati nelle McMurdo Dry Valleys sono stati discussi. 3. Studi di carattere applicativo L’attività di ricerca ha riguardato lo studio della produzione, della caratterizzazione e dei possibili utilizzi di diversi metaboliti fungini ed in particolare la produzione di pigmenti, enzimi, polisaccaridi ed acidi organici. Le indagini hanno riguardato in particolare enzimi chitinolitici prodotti da ceppi fungini antartici. In questi studi è stato dimostrato che tali enzimi sono capaci di mantenere una elevata attività anche a basse temperature ed è stato messo in evidenza il loro ruolo nei fenomeni di micoparassitismo indicando, quindi, un loro possibile utilizzo ad esempio nei processi di biocontrollo nella conservazione di cibi refrigerati. Una particolare attenzione è stata rivolta anche agli esopolisaccaridi: è stata chiarita la struttura di due differenti polimeri prodotti da due distinti ceppi fungini ed stata dimostrata la loro attività immunostimolante in vitro ed in vivo (ricerche svolte nel periodo di dottorato presso il Nestlè Research Center di Losanna, CH). ATTIVITÀ IN ITALIA: Dal 1993 al 1999, in collaborazione con il laboratorio di Microbiologia generale (Università degli Studi della Tuscia) si è occupata di: produzione di pigmenti, enzimi e polisaccaridi da microrganismi fungini. caratterizzazione di enzimi chitinolitici e studio del loro ruolo nei fenomeni di micoparassitismo; caratterizzazione della struttura di esopolisaccaridi da microfunghi e studio dell’attività immunostimolante in vitro ed in vivo Dal 2000 ad oggi in collaborazione con il laboratorio di Botanica e Micologia (Università degli Studi della Tuscia) si occupa di: studi di tassonomia molecolare di organismi fungini isolati da comunità criptoendolitiche in Antartide (amplificazione e sequenziamento delle porzioni SSU ed ITS dell’rDNA, allineamento delle sequenze e analisi filogenetica. allestimento e mantenimento della CCFEE (Culture Collection of Fungi From Estreme Environments). In tale collezione sono conservati ceppi fungini antartici isolati da campioni raccolti in circa venti anni di spedizioni in Antartide effettuate nell’ambito del PNRA (Programma Nazionale per le Ricerche in Antartide) e numerosi ceppi di funghi criptoendolitici antartici donati dal Prof. E.I. Friedmann. La collezione viene continuamente implementata nuovi isolati. ATTIVITÀ SVOLTA ALL’ESTERO Nell’ambito del corso di Dottorato, ha effettuato due stages presso il Nestlè Research Center di Losanna (CH) nei periodi dal 20/04/1998 al 30/04/1998 e dal 01/06/1998 al 31/08/1998 al fine di studiare l’attività immunostimolante in vitro ed in vivo di esopolisaccaridi di origine fungina. Ha seguito il corso “Fungal Biodiversity: an Introduction” organizzato dal CBS (Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures) presso la propria sede in Utrecht (NL) nel periodo dall’11/02/2002 al 22/02/2002. Ha effettuato 2 stages di ricerca presso il CBS (Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, NL) dal 10/08/03 al 24/08/03 e dal 10/05/04 al 02/06/04 presso il Centraalbureau voor Shimmelcultures (CBS), NL, nel laboratorio del Prof. G.S. de Hoog al fine di acquisire tecniche per gli studi di tassonomia molecolare ed analisi filogenetica. Nell’ambito del secondo stage ha tenuto una relazione dal titolo “Fungi at the edge of life: black rock fungi from Antarctic deserts”. RELAZIONI A CONGRESSI Selbmann L., de Hoog G. S.,. Mazzaglia A. & Onofri S. (2002). Caratterizzazione biologica e molecolare di microfunghi isolati da comunità criptoendolitiche in Antartide. Informatore Botanico Italiano 36: 262-268. Onofri S., Zucconi L., Selbmann L., Tosi S. & de Hoog G.S. (2003). The continental Antarctica mycota. In: RiSCC (Regional Sensitivity of Terrestrial and Lymnetic Ecosystems to Climate Change) Workshop. Varese, 2-8 luglio 2003. Selbmann L., de Hoog G.S. & Onofri S. (2004). Fungi colonizing the closet terrestrial analogue of Mars. 4th European Workshop on Exo/Astrobiology “Life in Estreme environments” (EANA, European Exo/Astrobiology Network Association). Milton Keynes (UK), 22-25 November 2004. ATTIVITÀ DIDATTICA Dal 2000 cultore delle materie di Botanica (Cdl in Scienze Biologiche), Botanica sistematica (D.U. in Educatore e divulgatore ambientale) e Biologia II (Cdl in Scienze Ambientali), nomina con verbale di Facoltà n°164 del 20/07/2000, l’Università degli Studi della Tuscia. E’ stata nominata componente delle seguenti commissioni per gli esami di profitto per l’insegnamento di: Botanica (Scienze Biologiche), Biologia II (Scienze Ambientali), Botanica Sistematica (D.U.) (Prot. N. 4653 del 19/09/2000); Botanica Sistematica + Laboratorio di Metodologie Botaniche (Corso di Diploma Universitario in Educatore e Divulgatore Ambientale) (Prot. N. 417/02 del 13/06/2002); Biologia Botanica N.O (Scienze Biologiche) (Prot. N. 362/02
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