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15Th STATUS REPORT on HUMAN RIGHTS and FREEDOMS in MONGOL NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION of MONGOLIA

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15Th STATUS REPORT on HUMAN RIGHTS and FREEDOMS in MONGOL NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION of MONGOLIA THE NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION OF MONGOLIA 15th STATUS STATUS REPORT 15th ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN MONGOL $ I CD 15th STATUS REPORT ON HUMAN RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN MONGOLIA NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION OF MONGOLIA 15th s t a t u s r e p o r t o n h u m a n RIGHTS AND FREEDOMS IN MONGOLIA Ulaanbaatar 2016 Printed by: “Khukh sudar printing” LLC ISBN 978-99929-2-831-8 CONTENTS Introduction 5 CHAPTER ONE. Implementation of the right to be free from torture 8 1.1 Implementation of the rights of prisoners 8 1.1.1 Prison condition and environment 11 1.1.2 Prison with maximum security 405 in Takhir Soyot 17 1.1.3 The right to healthcare and protection of health 19 1.1.4 Breaches and disciplinary sanctions 24 1.1.5 Prison Labour and Wages 28 1.1.6 About Rights to Education 32 1.1.7 Right to be free from torture 35 1.1.8 Rights to Visit 38 1.2 Human rights implementation situation of people deprived from their liberty 40 1.2.1 Implementation of the rights of patients in the National center for mental health of Mongolia (NCMHM) 40 1.2.2 Center for compulsory treatment and compulsory labour as an administrative measure for alcohol and drug abusers (Operates under the General Executive Agency for Court Decision) 52 1.2.3 Human right implementation of domestic violence victims who received temporary shelters under the Department for preventing domestic violence and crimes against children of Ulaanbaatar 59 CHAPTER TWO. Right to legal assistance of suspects, accused, and defendants who are etained in pre-trial detention 66 2.1. Explaining the person arrested on his/her right to have defense counsel or to defend himself/herself and right to lodge a complaint to court at a time of arrest 73 3 2.2 Presenting the arrested on the decree on detaining him/her 76 2.3 Ensuring the right to legal counsel of own choice 77 2.4 The stage when inmates first got legal assistance 83 2.5 Legal assistance agreement 86 2.6 Role of advocates in criminal proceedings 91 2.7 Facilities where inmates have meeting with their advocates 99 2.8 Delay of trial due to absence of an advocate 104 2.9 Cases and reasons inmates resign from their advocates 109 2.10 Content of the complaints on legal assistance 114 CHAPTER THREE. Rights of older persons 119 3.1 International trend 121 3.2 Current situation of social protection for older persons 123 3.2.1 Pension 124 3.2.2 Social welfare benefits, allowances and assistance for the aged 129 3.2.3 Institutional care 141 3.2.4 Employment promotion 142 3.2.5 Health Promotion 144 CHAPTER FOUR Right to labour of court decision enforcement organisation 146 4.1 Working condition 147 4.2 Working hour and wage 149 4.3 Uniform supply 157 4.4 Special means 158 4.5 Health care issue 160 4.6 Training 161 Proposals delivered to the State Great Khural by the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia 165 4 INTRODUCTION “The Commission shall submit to the State Great Hural a report on the human rights situation in Mongolia within the 1st (first) quarter of every year.” (Article 20.1, Law on the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia) The National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia is presenting its 15th report on human rights and freedoms in Mongolia to the State Great Khural after having discussed it at Commissioners’ meeting held on 29 March 2016. This report has been developed based on inquiries, research and studies that the National Human Rights Commission (NHRCM) conducted, examination of complaints lodged to the Commission by individuals and entities, as well as outcomes of official demands and recommendations of the Commissioners, information received from public authorities and research conducted by civil society and other organisations. This report focused on the following human rights issues: Chapter One. Within the framework of the right to be free from torture, the NHRCM conducted research and inquiry on implementation of the basic rights, which are not restricted by law, of people serving sentences in Prison 401 with strict security, Prison 405 with maximum security, Prison 407 for woman, Prison 409 with strict security, Prison 411 for underaged, Prison 415 with strict security, Prison 421 with ordinary security, Prison 429 with strict security, Prison 443 with ordinary security under the administration of the General Executive Agency of Court Decision. Research and inquiries examined prison conditions, quality and accessibility of health care, employment and education opportunities, pay, and grounds for disciplinary measures. Second part of this chapter is about the implementation of the rights of persons deprived from their liberty. In 2015 the 5 NHRCM conducted research and inquiries on the implementation of the rights of people, including underaged, receiving services from the National Center for Mental Health of Mongolia, Center for Compulsory Treatment and Forced Labour for Alcohol and Drug Addicted Persons, which is affiliated to the General Executive Agency of Court Decision, "Temporary Shelter House”, which operates under the Department for the Prevention of Domestic Violence and Crimes Against Child of Ulaanbaatar City Police. The findings of the research and inquiries show that Mongolia is not fully implementing its obligations under the international human rights treaties which it ratified. Chapter Two. As restraint measures of arrest and detention affect human right to personal liberty and safety, Universal Declaration of Human Rights, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, and other international legal norms and principles guarantee that every person charged with crime has right to defend himself in person or through legal assistance of his own choosing. However, in current situation advocates’ competence in criminal proceedings is limited as they have no power to gather evidence and to summon witness with important effect related to the case. This affects advocate’s effective input to debate at trial. Therefore, it is necessary to revise current national legal norms in compliance with international norms and standards. Chapter Three. Article 16.5 of the Constitution of Mongolia guarantees the right to material and financial assistance in old age, disability, childbirth and child care and in other circumstances as provided by law. Legal framework to ensure this constitutional right is created by Law on Social Insurance and Law on Social Welfare to deliver essential services to those in need. However, challenges persist in ensuring full implementation of social rights of older persons calling for comprehensive policy framework and improvement of service quality, diversification, and accessibility. 6 Chapter Four. Article 16.4 of the Constitution of Mongolian declares "The right to free choice of employment, favorable conditions of work, remuneration, rest, and private enterprise. No one may be unlawfully forced to work.” This chapter covers following issues related to working conditions of court decision implementation agency personnel including occupational safety and hygiene, access to regular medical check-ups, extra-day and extra-hour pay, timely supply and quality of personal security equipment and uniform. National laws such as Constitution of Mongolia, Labour Code and Law on Court Decision Implementation and international treaties to which Mongolia is a state party, ensure everyone’s right to free choice of employment, speciality, favorable conditions of work, remuneration corresponding to their work performance, rest and leasure. The Standing Committee on Legal Affairs of the State Great Khural (Parliament of Mongolia) discussed 13th and 14th report on human rights and freedoms in Mongolia at the same time on 1 October, 2015 and issued Resolutions 28 and #29. The Standing Committee on Legal Affairs recommended to the Government of Mongolia to develop an action plan to implement these resolutions and report back about the implementation within the first quarter of 2016. Therefore, it is not possible for the NHRCM to make conclusions on the implementation of previous recommendations provided in its 13th and 14th annual human rights reports. 15th report on human rights and freedoms in Mongolia is submitted to the State Great Khural based on Article 13.1 of the Law on the National Human Rights Commission of Mongolia for consideration and ensuing decisions to advance human rights and freedoms in the country. NATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS COMMISSION OF MONGOLIA 7 CHAPTER ONE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RIGHT TO BE FREE FROM TORTURE “No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment.” (Article 5, Universal Declaration of Human Rights) All persons deprived of their liberty shall be treated with humanity and with respect for the inherent dignity of the human person. (Article 10.1, International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights) The right to personal liberty and safety... No one may be subjected to torture, inhuman, cruel, or degrading treatment... (Article 16.13, the Constitution of Mongolia) “The State is responsible to the citizens for the creation of economic, social, legal, and other guarantees ensuring human rights and freedoms, for the prevention of violations of human rights and freedoms, and restoration of infringed rights.” (Article 19.1, the Constitution of Mongolia) 1.1 Implementation of the rights of prisoners Fulfilling human rights of someone during investigation, trials and conviction could be considered as one of the main indicators of a state on implementing human rights enshrined in national legislation and international treaties. International community stand against torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment. Therefore, a number of international standards have been adopted, so respective state parties put in line their national legislation with international. The United Nations strictly prohibits any acts of torture, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment of especially those, whose 8 liberty is deprived through its treaties, standards, rules and procedures.
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