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Experimental Analysis of Shiraz Solar Thermal Power Plant Performance During 2009-2011

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Experimental Analysis of Shiraz Solar Thermal Power Plant Performance During 2009-2011 JOURNAL OF OPTOELECTRONICS AND ADVANCED MATERIALS Vol. 15, No. 5- 6, May – June 2013, p. 571 - 577 Experimental analysis of Shiraz solar thermal power plant performance during 2009-2011 ALI RAHMATMAND, MAHMOOD YAGHOUBI*, MOSLEM RAESI, IMAN NIKNIA, PEYMAN KANANa School of Mechanical Engineering / Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran aRenewable Energy Organization of Iran, Tehran, Iran Among concentrated solar power (CSP) technologies, parabolic trough technology has been established worldwide due to current advances in technical and economical development of these systems. In this paper, durability and performance of current configuration of Shiraz Solar Power Plant (250 kW) is analyzed using the measurements of important parameters including the oil inlet/outlet temperature of the collector’s field, thermal efficiency, direct radiation during 2009-2011 and system major deficiencies regarding installation and operating condition are discussed. In addition, effects of different factors on thermal efficiency of collector’s field such as dust deposition and sun tracking are also studied. (Received December 18, 2012; accepted June 12, 2013) Keywords: Parabolic trough collector, solar energy, CSP, thermal efficiency, oil cycle 1. Introduction electricity cost and economic parameters. Due to importance of economic parameters, Baghernejad and Sun is an important source of energy in the world and Yaghoubi [9] performed an energy-thermo-economic it is a good substitute for fossil fuel energy for various analysis of an integrated solar combined cycle and found applications such as solar thermal power plant. Several optimum condition to have the lowest electricity cost. solar thermal power plants (STPP) are constructed and are Beside these experimental and numerical studies, as a in operation mainly in the USA and Spain [1]. Many solar power plant does not work during the night due to a research studies including both experimental and considerable reduction of solar radiation, some theoretical work are reported. In addition, a specific investigations have been done on combined systems such conference related to Solar Thermal Power Plant call as hybrid solar-gas boiler system to solve this problem. A SOLARPACES take places each year around the world. hybrid solar-geothermal system was proposed by Lentez As mentioned, some different experimental analyses and Almanza [10] to improve the steam flow rate. Niknia have been done to study performance of STPP and and Yaghoubi [11] investigated a combined solar thermal effective parameters on them. Lippke [2] has studied a 30- power plant and an auxiliary boiler in transient mode by MWe SEGS plant's behaviour and considered distinct using a developed code and experimental measurements. factors affected its behavior. Since, accurate sun tracking The review of literature reveals that, however, is an essential factor for higher efficiency of STPP, Tora different effective parameters on performance of solar and Halwagi [3] studied this factor as well as others and power plants are studied; the effects of these parameters showed that these parameters lead to unreliability of solar are not considered in a long duration and there are fewer thermal power plants performance. They also investigated analyses on durability and performance of a solar power the combination of solar systems and fossil fuels for plant. Therefore, in the current study attempt is made to sustainable power outlet. In order to study other important analyze the performance of an installed solar power plant factors, moreover, the seasonal effect of dust on for three consecutive years and effect of various transmittance of different materials is studied by El- parameters on its thermal performance. Nashar [4]. Due to the importance of this factor (dust accommodation), recently, Nicknia et al. [5] studied the 2. Nomenclature effect of dust formation on the performance of Shiraz parabolic trough solar collectors. 2 In addition, many numerical simulations of STPP Idir Direct radiation (W/m ) have been done. An analytic method is used by Rolim et Η Thermal efficiency (%) al. [6] to simulate solar power plant. They investigated Qs Max energy that collectors can receive (kj) nonlinearity heat loss of absorber tube of parabolic Qg Energy gained by collectors (kj) collectors. By using the TRNSYS simulation program a Cp Heat capacity (kJ/kg oC) model for simulating parabolic trough collector is ∆T Temperature difference (oC) developed by Patnode [7]. Moreover, a computer model is Ql Energy loss during the night(kj/hr) developed by Price [8] to analyze the performance of a M Total mass of oil in the cycle (kg) parabolic trough solar power plant, as well as the unit 572 Ali Rahmatmand, Mahmood Yaghoubi, Moslem Raesi, Iman Niknia, Peyman Kanan Fig. 1. Flow schematic of Shiraz solar power plant. 3. Shiraz solar thermal power plant (SSTPP) liquid and finally in the third one (E-203), saturated vapour becomes superheated. Fig. 3 illustrated Shiraz solar thermal power plant is located in Shiraz arrangement of the three installed heat exchangers as well at south east of Iran with specifications of Table 1. Its as the steam production from the plant. collectors' field contains 48 parabolic collectors each 25 meters length and 3.4 meters wide containing 104 Table 1. Shiraz solar power plant's location. mirrors, Figs. 1 and 2 show flow schematic of Shiraz solar power plant and the collectors’ field respectively. This Latitude 29.37 N power plant contains three heat exchangers and a Longitude 52.61 E deaerator. In the first heat exchanger (E-201), sub-cooled Altitude 1510 m water is warmed up to saturated liquid state. In the second one (E-202) saturated vapour is produced from saturated Table 2. Specification of Shiraz solar power plant system. Parameter Size/kind Parameter Size/kind Capacity 250kW Electrical generation system Under construction Collectors Parabolic trough Inlet oil temperature 231 oC Number of collectors 48 Outlet oil temperature 265 oC Size of collectors 25×3.4 m2 Oil flow rate 13.7 kg/s Movement system Hydraulic Steam flow rate 0.673 kg/s Structure Truss Steam temperature 250 oC Fluid Behran oil Steam pressure 20 barg Mirror reflectivity 90 % - - performance of collectors’ fiel ofcollectors’ performance power plantis directly dependent onthe optimum of asolar performance optimum Infact,the plant. power 21. September Equinox, Autumnal 14kg/s flow mass rate forthe conditions design of power plant isdesignedproduce tooil hot at265 solar plants for future energy generation. Shiraz solar acquiring thetechnology ofdevelopingparabolic trough years. three consecutive 6for 5and Figs. in field collector ofthe rate production oil attempt is made to illustrate the solar irradiation and hot explained[12-13] in extensively. Inthe following sections, are plant power this of parts and components All study). th (however, also measurable flow pressure and Temperature, instrument). measuring typical 4 shows (Fig. equipments advanced using by been measured have irradiation directandglobalsolar windvelocity, temperature, oil inrate of the mass flow locations, various at temperature oil including parameters different and 2008 from started is operation plant The [11]. duringvarious days,operating seasons,and conditions heatingprocess of oil, hot oil production willchange during variables ofvarious effects to Due produced. * Fig. 1, superheated steam at 250 steam 1,superheated Fig. studies. research for pressure high with steam superheated produce may andit day Summer Spring Year Year Collectors’ field is the main component of any solar solar any of component main the is field Collectors’ measurements 4.1 Temperature This planthas been constructed with the purpose of analysis thermal 4. Shirazsolarpower plant Passing hot oil through heat exchangers as shown in in shown as exchangers heat through oil hot Passing Presently, cansystem the generatehotoil during the Season 1=surface is clean, 2= surface are not clean 3= surface is covered with dust dust with covered is surface 3= clean not are surface 2= clean, is 1=surface 09:00 09:30 Start time 15:45 15:55 Shut down time analys numerical Experimental and Average ambient 36.2 27.3 temp. (oC) Average wind 2011 2009 2010 d.oil The outlet temperature collector field, ambient air ambient collector field, 2.1 3.2 ey arenot shown in this rate of produced steam are produced steam of rate velocity (m/s) ˚ C and 20 bar pressure is is barpressure 20 C and Mirrors condition ofdat conditions Table 3.Test 2 2 (degree)* Glass tube 2 2 condition (degree)* 573 2009-2011 during performance thermal powerplant Shirazsolar is of ˚ C with C with 07:00 09:30 Start time 16:20 17:35 Shut down time Average ambient 37.3 27.5 temp. o case. each for collections a season). years 2009-2011inspecifi collector field,aswellirradi 6for inlet present andoutlet temperaturerise ofthe 5and Figs. following.) the in mentioned differences some tried tousethenearestavaila areno 2009 in seasons of two day mid the for data the continuous, not was 2009 year in measurements since, (unfortunately study current in used is which 2011, and 2010 2009, years the for seasons two da typical 3 presents measured directradiation solar intensity during Table measurements. airtemp ambient characteristics, andthermal oiltemperature include: parameters recorded The [13]. in explained procedure the following recorded are parameters various plants, power solar tthermal plant. of the instrumentation and system control plant, the of components different of the collectors' field isa functionheatof capacities of ( C) 3 Table accordingly. 2 and Table in are presented collectors through parabolic Average wind Fig. 2. A picture of the collec Fig. 2.Apictureof tostudyorder Inoil the 3.3 2 More specification of Shiraz solar power plant and velocity (m/s) Mirrors condition 1 1 (degree)* Glass tube 1 1 condition (degree)* 08:30 09:30 Start time 15:20 15:55 Shut down time ance for three seasons ofthe ance forthree tors' field on tracking mode. tracking tors' fieldon ble data,howeveritleadsto cycle performance of Shiraz ofShiraz cycle performance c days (mid-day of each ofeach c days(mid-day t available.
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