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How Do We Experience Parks? Social Benefits of Ecosystem Services with an Increased Connectivity of Sub-Urban Parks

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How Do We Experience Parks? Social Benefits of Ecosystem Services with an Increased Connectivity of Sub-Urban Parks How do we experience parks? Social benefits of ecosystem services with an increased connectivity of sub-urban parks. Master Thesis for Sustainable Urban Management (SASUM) BY602E Spring semester 2015 Authors: Hildur Hreinsdóttir Lea Meyer zu Bentrup Tutor: Ebba Lisberg Jensen Abstract: Our motivation for this research is the interest we have for positive influences of green areas on people's well-being and social improvement. We see nature, the ecosystems and its services, integrated with humans as a whole, making our lives physically and mentally more sustainable. Therefore the purpose of this study is to investigate the social benefits of selected ecosystem services in sub-urban parks in Malmö City, and to explore how the respected services can be enhanced with a greater connectivity of the parks. A survey and interviews were used to collect information about people's preferences and values about nature parks and their opinion on possible connectivity of three sub-urban parks in Malmö, Sweden. The results show that people are overall positive with the recreational and aesthetic values of parks but show less appreciation for the parks as pure nature represents. Connectivity is not clearly understood by the participants but seems to be positively accepted. To give an idea on how Malmö could improve urban biodiversity and facilitate enjoyable nature experiences we give some practical suggestions for a green corridor. Acknowledgements First of all we would like give special thanks to Annika Kruuse, at Miljöförvaltningen (Malmö stad), for providing us with additional information; to Arne Mattsson, at Gatukontoret (Street- and Park Division), for sharing his time with us to make the interview. We also would like to thank our friends and acquaintances who shared and commented on our survey. Finally, we would like to thank our family for being with us, their patience and encouragement along the journey of this thesis. Keywords: Parks, Ecosystems, Ecosystem Services, Connectivity, Green Corridors, Sustainability. 1 Table of Contents 1 - Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Malmö as the city of parks ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.2. Ecosystem services and challenges with urban expansion ....................................................... 4 1.3. The importance of urban green areas ............................................................................................... 5 1.4. Aim and research questions ................................................................................................................. 7 1.5. Structure ...................................................................................................................................................... 7 2 –The Role of Biodiversity, Ecosystem Services and Connectivity. .................................... 8 2.1. Ecosystem services................................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.1. Ecological side of ecosystem services .................................................................................................... 10 2.1.2. Social side of ecosystem services ............................................................................................................. 10 2.2. Green areas and connectivity ............................................................................................................ 12 2.2.1. The social benefits of connecting green areas .................................................................................... 13 3 - The Cases .......................................................................................................................................... 14 3.1. Bulltofta park .......................................................................................................................................... 15 3.2. Husie Mosse ............................................................................................................................................... 16 3.3. Remonthagen/ Jägersro .......................................................................................................................... 17 3.4. Ecosystem services in the parks....................................................................................................... 18 4 - Epistemological Considerations and Methods .................................................................... 20 4.1. Park as process ....................................................................................................................................... 20 4.2. Methods ..................................................................................................................................................... 20 4.2.1 Documents .......................................................................................................................................................... 21 4.2.2 Field observations ........................................................................................................................................... 22 4.2.3 The survey .......................................................................................................................................................... 23 4.2.4 Interviews ........................................................................................................................................................... 24 4.2.5 Analysis methods ............................................................................................................................................. 24 4.2.6 Validity and reliability ................................................................................................................................... 25 5 – Analysis ............................................................................................................................................ 26 5.1. Social benefits of the cultural/ recreational ecosystem Services ........................................ 26 5.2. SWOT analysis of each park ............................................................................................................... 30 Bulltofta park: ............................................................................................................................................................... 30 Husie Mosse: ................................................................................................................................................................. 31 Remonthagen: .............................................................................................................................................................. 33 5.3. SWOT Analyze of the connectivity between the parks: ........................................................... 35 6 – Concluding Discussion ................................................................................................................ 39 6.1. Practical suggestions ............................................................................................................................ 40 6.2. Further research .................................................................................................................................... 41 References: ............................................................................................................................................ 42 Appendix 1 .............................................................................................................................................. 45 Appendix 2 ............................................................................................................................................. 49 2 Table of Figures Figure 1: Model of Ecosystem services (text from Ernstons 2013; Icons from C/O City 2014)................................................................................................................................ 9 Figure 2: Map of the study area .............................................................................................14 Figure 3: Map of Bulltofta park..............................................................................................15 Figure 4: Maintained path and a view to the forest in Bulltofta park.....................................15 Figure 5: Sand slopes and pine trees......................................................................................................16 Figure 6: Sign with information on the lizards in Husie Mosse ........................................... 16 Figure 7: Map of b) Husie Mosse and c)Remonthagen/ Jägersro .........................................17 Figure 8: Riseberga stream in Remonthagen/ Jägersro .........................................................17 Figure 9: Playground in Remonthagen/ Jägersro ................................................................ 17 Figure 10: Riseberga stream in Bulltofta park........................................................................18 Figure 11: The interactive maps on www.malmo.se show various aspects like bicycle paths, nature reservoirs and Husie Mosse and Bulltofta as good spaces to watch birds (Red spots).......................................................................................
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