GENDER & WOMEN’S STUDIES LIBRARIAN

FEMINIST COLLECTIONS A QUARTERLY OF WOMEN’S STUDIES RESOURCES

Volume 35 Numbers 3–4 Summer–Fall 2014

University of Wisconsin System Feminist Collections

A Quarterly of Women’s Studies Resources

Gender & Women’s Studies Librarian University of Wisconsin System 430 Memorial Library 728 State St. Madison, WI 53706

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ISSN: 0742-7441 © 2014 Regents of the University of Wisconsin System Feminist Collections A Quarterly of Women’s Studies Resources

Volume 35, Numbers 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014

CONTENTS

From the Editors ii Feminist Visions Breaking Quarantine: Complicating Our Concepts of Pornography 1 by Nora Stone

Feminist Archives The Letters of Anne Whitney: Using Archives in Digital Scholarship 6 by Jenifer Bartle

Book Reviews Is Feminism Really Dead? Or Has It Just Become Too Fast to Catch and Gone Too Gaga to Spot? 10 by Tiffany Lee Inclusive Feminist Activism? Yes, Please! 12 by Lachrista Greco Feminism, “Women’s Magazines,” and The New Yorker 14 by Teresa D. Kemp Sexuality & Africa 16 by Cherod Johnson King vs. Laqueur: Sex and Texts in Ancient and Early Modern Europe 19 by Suzanna Schulert Concepts & Disciplines: A Reference Work on Gender 22 by Nina Clements

E-Sources on Women & Gender 23

Periodical Notes: New & Newly Noted Periodicals 25

Books Recently Received 27

Subscription Form for GWSL Publications 29 From the Editors

May 2015. Despite the calendar, Not long after I came back to Wis- In early 2015, efforts sped up this is the Summer–Fall 2014 issue (v. consin after Dad’s funeral, my spouse in the exciting endeavor known as 35, nos. 3–4) of Feminist Collections. and I went for a beautiful bike ride WISCONSIN WOMEN MAKING It has been an exceptionally long time on a clear fall day. In a freak incident HISTORY (see p. 24, this issue), a between the previous issue and this our handlebars tangled, and she went project in which our office partners one. It won’t be as long before the next down. What we first thought were with Wisconsin Public Television, one, or the ones after that — that’s for minor abrasions turned out to be more the UW System Women’s & Gender certain, as long as determination and serious, so we were deeply grateful for Studies Consortium, the Wisconsin favorable conditions prevail! the three other cyclists — whom we Historical Society, the Wisconsin Since I last wrote this column, my dubbed “angels in Spandex,” and one Humanities Council, and Wisconsin family members, work colleagues, and of whom was a paramedic — who Media Lab; and for which dozens I have come through much change suddenly appeared and helped us. My of collaborators have contributed and excitement, as well as a few rough spouse suffered facial fractures and a research, writing, fact-checking, image patches. I can’t speak for everyone else, concussion and had surgery ten days gathering, web design, and more. My of course, but I can highlight a few of later, followed by a long and challeng- part has been to copyedit the profile my own stops along the way: ing recovery. (She is doing very well of each history-maker before it is now, by the way, and rides again!) uploaded to womeninwisconsin.org In September, my 95-year-old — about 75 so far, with many more father, who for three years had been coming. largely silent, limited by dementia In mid-March we learned that — yet still somehow present, and our long-awaited office renovation receptive to love and care — died was about to happen! A flurry of quietly at home in Pennsylvania, packing, archiving, and weeding attended by one of my brothers and ensued, and we moved out of 430 supported by Hospice. This was a Memorial Library and worked for second-parent decline and death; a month from various temporary our mother died in 2012, more quarters, the home base of which suddenly, but also after years of was Room 112A — the office for progressive memory loss. The loss the Women’s Studies Librarian- of my father did not carry quite the At-Large and her staff back in the same intensity and drama for me as 1980s! Happily, we’re now (just!) my mother’s death had. Still, and back, in a repainted, newly carpeted, despite Dad’s advanced age and con- and asbestos-abated Room 430, still dition, it has been a deeply felt loss, Miriam Greenwald figuring out where to put things and there is a sense of closure and while forging ahead with all we’re finality about that generation’s passing At the office, we really felt the here to do. that I’ve found both sobering and un- absence of a half-time editor after Lin- Please take some time to dip into nerving. From my own perspective, at da Fain’s retirement last summer (see this issue of Feminist Collections. I’m least — that of a 58-year-old daughter “From the Editors” in FC v. 35, 1–2). absolutely certain it’s the first one ever and the youngest of five children — it Karla Strand and I both served on the in which discussions of pornography, seems that maybe we don’t completely search-and-screen committee whose ef- a nineteenth-century sculptor’s letters, grow up until our parents are gone. I forts culminated in the hiring of Becky Lady Gaga’s legacy, and ancient views see both of my parents in myself more Standard just months ago. We’re glad of the sexed body have shared covers. and more, though, and I treasure their to have Becky here, already immersed And before you close these cov- presence in my memories and my in the shepherding and indexing of this ers, please tear out (or copy, if this isn’t quirks, even as I still navigate the waves year’s edition of New Books on Women, your own FC) page 29 and send it in to and currents of grief — as I believe I Gender, & Feminism. subscribe to our publications for 2015! always will. JoAnne Lehman, Senior Editor

Page ii Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Feminist Visions Breaking Quarantine: Complicating Our Concepts of Pornography

by Nora Stone

Anne G. Sabo, AFTER PORNIFIED: HOW WOMEN ARE TRANSFORMING PORNOGRAPHY & WHY IT REALLY MATTERS. Winchester, UK: Zero Books/John Hunt Publishing, 2012. 245p. notes. pap., $22.95, ISBN 978- 1780994802.

Tristan Taormino, Celine Parreñas Shimizu, Constance Penley, & Mireille Miller-Young, eds., THE FEMINIST PORN BOOK: THE POLITICS OF PRODUCING PLEASURE. New York: Feminist Press, 2013. 432p. pap., $22.95, ISBN 978-1558618183.

MUTANTES (PUNK PORN FEMINISM). 91 mins. 2009. Directed by Virginie Despentes. Distributed by Alive Mind Cinema. Purchase: $21.21 for DVD or $9.95 for download at http://alivemindcinema.com.

I LOVE YOUR WORK. 6 hours. 2013. Directed by Jonathan Harris. Streaming online at http://iloveyourwork.net. Purchase: 24-hour pass for $10.00; or three 24-hour passes plus a 13” x 19” limited-edition archival print of I Love Your Work, signed by director Harris, for $300.00. To stage a screening, email concept to [email protected].

With the explosive popularity of raphy remains quarantined in its own make. Anyone with a monolithic con- E. L. James’s erotic novel Fifty Shades space — a radioactive political issue cept of pornography, the pornography of Grey and its follow-ups, along with rather than a genre. The mainstream industry, or the pornography audience excitement about its 2015 film adapta- media generally treats pornography will soon have that idea complicated by tion, mainstream American culture with suspicion, with most of its atten- any one of these works. would seem to be becoming more ac- tion going to the horrors of internet cepting of women consuming sexually porn addiction. Myriad news stories Anne G. Sabo’s After Pornified: explicit media. The numerous think- and articles imply, either implicitly How Women are Transforming Pornog- pieces about the book’s craze, however, or explicitly, that the easy availability raphy and Why It Really Matters is a often pointed out that Fifty Shades was of porn is bad for women because it straightforward study of porn made a Kindle bestseller, the kind of thing infects the brains of their husbands or by women. Sabo’s starting point is that women don’t want to be seen read- scars their children. journalist Pamela Paul’s book Porni- ing. Thus, in many communities, there fied: How Pornography is Damaging is a disjuncture between what we want Pornography remains Our Lives, Our Families, and Our Re- to read or watch and what we want to quarantined in its own lationships (Henry Holt, 2005), which be seen reading or watching. blamed the wide availability of pornog- This ambivalence is even sharper space — a radioactive raphy for numerous social and psycho- with regard to sexually explicit audio- political issue rather than logical problems. Rather than respond visual material — otherwise known a genre. to that blanket accusation, Sabo wants as pornography. Although there is a to back the conversation up to a more wider range of sexual representation on In their own way, each of the basic question about what porn is and television and in film than ever before following materials combats these as- can be. (including on premium cable series sumptions by focusing on the variety Picking up where Linda Williams’s such as Looking and Masters of Sex, and of women who participate in the porn 1989 landmark study, Hard Core: in the French cinema du corps), pornog- industry and the variety of work they Pleasure, Power, and the “Frenzy of the

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 1 Feminist Visions

Visible,” left off, Sabo posits that fe- porn, giving a fair assessment of the Jennifer, an independently produced male directors and producers have the landscape. The list of resources at the feature film about feminist vigilantes. power to radically revise the dynam- back of the book is handy, collecting These clips set out two different poles ics of porn, thereby affecting viewers the web addresses of women making of sex-positive feminist media — punk positively rather than negatively. Sabo’s porn and the names of festivals that art pieces made in Europe, on the one show their work. hand, and more mainstream female- In a world where porn often cir- empowerment porn and feature films Sabo wants to back the culates in small clips that are divorced on the other. conversation up to a more from their origins, with no indication basic question about what of financing or mode of production, Mutantes surveys diverse modes porn is and can be. After Pornified is a helpful resource for of sexual expression and political those looking to study women-made engagement, via film clips, news foot- porn. But although she offers a good age, and interviews with female porn criteria for this re-vision of porn are starting point, Sabo does not inter- producers, feminist sex workers, and twofold: high cinematic production feminist media scholars in the United values and progressive sexual-political States and France. The film begins with commitment. Enfolded within those the origin stories of some of the most two criteria are a number of normal- famed American porn revolutionaries: izing ideas about what makes a film Annie Sprinkle, Candida Royalle, Nor- good — realistic settings and costume, ma Jean Almodovar, Scarlot Harlot, flattering lighting, legible character de- and others. Almost all of these women velopment. Most interesting, though, speak about doing sex work without is the focus on narrative as an essential censorship or victimization. Despentes part of a woman’s desired experience of later brings in scholars Linda Williams porn, which contrasts starkly with ear- and B. Ruby Rich, who have not per- lier feminist film theorists’ refutation of formed sex work but have documented narrative film generally. it and theorized about it. Each woman is strikingly articu- Sabo’s second criterion, progres- late about her decision to embrace sex sive sexual-political commitment, is work, and each speaks with purpose clearer: equality of pleasure at least, if about combating oppression through not the woman taking control of the her work. A number of the interview- sexual encounter; equality of repre- ees consider producing porn to be a sentation, meaning the camera is not major site of resistance and revolution, lingering solely on the female body and while others look behind the history genitalia or looking down at the female of prostitution itself at the values that from the male point of view; and no rogate assumptions about what makes enforce a sharp divide between accept- coercion or violence unless it is explic- porn good or what arouses women. She able, chaste womanhood and unaccept- itly part of a character’s fantasy. avoids dealing with these issues because able, sexually active womanhood. In order to highlight examples of her book is explicitly about porn made One subject to which the film this preferred sort of porn, Sabo gives by women, not necessarily “feminist” devotes little attention is the intersec- concise histories of three of the most porn. After Pornified is a clearly written tion of sex-positive feminism and race. pioneering filmmakers in the pornog- primer, not a definitive historical or Sociologist Siobhan Brooks points out raphy industry: Candida Royalle in the theoretical work. United States, Lene Børglun in Den- The same issues affect Mutantes: One subject to which mark, and Anna Span in Great Britain. Punk Porn Feminism, a documentary Mutantes devotes little Sabo offers interviews with each, as made by French pornographer Vir- well as descriptions of their most fa- ginie Despentes. It opens with footage attention is the intersection mous films, and then examines a num- from Images d’Ouverture, a French of sex-positive feminism ber of different genres of women-made performance piece, and from A Gun for and race.

Page 2 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Feminist Visions

that women of color generally work life” of nine different women, each of ing choices. I Love Your Work lives on in the most dangerous parts of the sex whom is involved in making lesbian a website to which a visitor can buy a industry, such as street prostitution pornography. Rather than focusing on ten-dollar pass to explore for 24 hours. (rather than call-girl work), and often their careers in adult film, Harris folds Once admitted into the website (which make less money than white sex work- their performances and reflections on allows only ten visitors per day), a ers. This is a significant topic that de- making porn into the texture of their viewer can browse the footage in dif- serves further attention, but Mutantes daily lives. The camera accords as much ferent ways. In “Timeline,” the ten- allows for little to no deviation from attention to performer Dylan Ryan second clips are arranged in chrono- its celebration of feminist sex workers lugging a suitcase down a city street as logical order according to which day of and sex-positivism. Instructors could it does to Ela Darling masturbating in the week Harris followed each woman use this as a teaching moment for their a film studio surrounded by stylists, through her life. The “Tapestry” page classes, to see if any students pick up makeup artists, camera operators, grips, is also chronological, but it does not on the lack of attention to the experi- and producers. In fact, director Har- identify the subject or time of day, al- ences of American women of color. ris is so devoted to the idea of wide- lowing for more random discovery as ranging, cinema verité portraiture that the viewer dips in and out of a photo- The weakest part of the film is he deliberately captured video in ten- mosaic of screenshots. In addition to the final third, in which Despentes second clips throughout his day with the video footage, each of the partici- leaves the United States to investigate each woman. He did not even extend pants is profiled on the “Talent” page, the post-porn movement in Spain and his directorial authority by highlighting so a visitor can get acquainted with her France. Punk aesthetics come to the the most dramatic or salacious mo- in a more conventional manner, via a fore in post-porn work, which con- ments; thus, a sense of randomness and brief biography. trasts with somewhat more convention- verisimilitude pervades the film and al porn made by women in the U.S. increases the viewer’s intimacy with Both form and delivery method However, neither the film’s voiceover the subjects, who are shown engaging are explicitly meant to imitate the nor its talking heads offer enough in such mundane activities as watch- ways many users engage with internet information about this art movement ing TV in a hotel room, chatting with pornography, from browsing videos to make it comprehensible to the lay- by performer, to ten- person. Because American students second previews that (and their professors) will likely be less In classes on feminist media or the genre of entice the viewer to familiar with the cultural context for personal documentary, Harris’s film could click to watch more, to European punk porn, the lack of clear the ability to move the be used as an example of new possibilities of video playhead forward explanation handicaps the film. digital documentary form and distribution Rather than offering an in-depth to more interesting study, Mutantes offers glimpses of that are attentive to subject matter and parts. Applying this other worlds and voices that students audience behavior. form to a cinema verité may have encountered only in read- documentary makes for ings. Showing part of the film in class a fascinating film and a would be an excellent way to encour- humanizing experience. age students to learn more about the friends outside a bar, and taking a pet Although the initial temptation might movement to decriminalize prostitu- to the hospital. There is no one way be to skip ahead to the explicitly erotic tion, the growing number of female to watch this film, however, and no sections, it is easy to be mesmerized porn entrepreneurs, how race and class reason why every visitor would feel the by the rhythm of each person’s life, to intersect with sex-positive feminism, need to watch the more banal parts of enjoy the puzzle of what went on be- and the history of feminism in Western these women’s lives. tween clips, having to work out what nations. is going on without recourse to any Harris ended up with about six extradiegetic material like captions or I Love Your Work is a survey of hours of footage from nine days of voiceover narration. another magnitude altogether. In this shooting, and his method of delivering innovative film project, director Jona- this footage is just as daring as his film- than Harris documented “a day in the

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 3 Feminist Visions

A fascinating film, I Love Your Constance Penley, and Mireille Miller- tions about authorship, spectatorship, Work functions better as a digital Young are upfront about their purpose, representation, race, space, and educa- media project than as a teaching tool as well as about their definition of tion. or research resource. In classes on feminist porn: “Feminist porn creates The introduction and the first few feminist media or the genre of personal essays lay out the history of feminist documentary, it could be used as an These diverse essays are written pornography, as well as the opposing example of new possibilities of digital in language likely to be tradition of anti-porn feminism, but documentary form and distribution the rest of the essays move beyond the that are attentive to subject matter and accessible to undergraduates basics to more specific issues. Many of audience behavior. It certainly fits the in women’s studies classes or them are written in the first person, current mode of internet porn con- feminist film classes. but are no less incisive and useful for sumption better than a linear narrative that. A number of them address the or essay film would, but at times the alternative images and develops its own place of women of color, women of ten-second-clip gimmick gets in the aesthetics and iconography to expand size, and trans* women in pornogra- way, particularly during interviews. established sexual norms and discours- phy, offering both testimonies to self- Often the subject speaks directly to the es… Feminist porn makers emphasize empowerment through performance in camera, in the manner of a conversa- the importance of their labor practices” porn and sharp critiques of minority tion with the director/camera operator, (p. 10). In brief, feminist porn is both representation in current porn. and discusses personal feelings about a filmmaking genre and a political In “A Queer Feminist Pig’s Mani- porn, monogamy, or personal history, project. This focused definition allows festa,” professor of women’s studies but the viewer only gets tantalizing for contributors to interrogate assump- Jane Ward struggles with a conun- clips of these revealing mo- drum: being aroused by ments. mainstream porn — the po- Lesbian porn star litically incorrect variety that Dylan Ryan of I Love Your many are trying to combat. Work also features in the She wonders, “Can we watch most indispensable of the sexist porn and still have four resources reviewed feminist orgasms?” (p. 132). here: The Feminist Porn This honest confession of in- Book: The Politics of Produc- dividual spectator preferences ing Pleasure. The editors of leads her to advocate for a set this volume have brought of self-aware viewing practices together essays by feminist based on Buddhist principles. porn producers and femi- Other essays are attentive to nist porn scholars in a sin- pornography in specific spac- gle volume, resulting in a es, such as the classroom and conversation that speaks to the therapist’s couch. Con- the complexities of the por- stance Penley reflects on her nography industry and the years teaching a class about uses of pornography once pornography at the University it is made. The essays ex- of California, Santa Barbara, pand from a singular focus while Keiko Lane discusses on the process of making using pornography in her feminist pornography to a work as a psychotherapist for nuanced view of its circula- numerous queer, genderqueer, tion through the world. and minority clients. In the introduction One particularly nice to The Feminist Porn Book, pairing demonstrates the editors Tristan Taormino, value of an edited collection Celine Parreñas Shimizu, such as The Feminist Porn

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Book: in a personal essay, Nina Hartley depth of those reviewed here. Its di- have been actively involved in the writes about her reasons for becoming verse essays are written in language creation and consumption of porn. As a porn star and sex educator, making likely to be accessible to undergradu- the recent oral history of HBO’s pio- such videos as Adam and Eve’s Guide ates in women’s studies classes or neering Real Sex series demonstrates,1 to Better Cunnilingus, Guide to Anal women are not docile drones in service Sex, and multi-part Guide to Sensual Feminist porn is both a to a singular, patriarchal pornography Domination. In the following essay, — they shape their own representation film scholar Kevin Heffernan traces the filmmaking genre and a on-screen in myriad ways, and they history of educational sex films, from political project. put porn to use in their own lives and independently produced exploitation careers. films marketed as “educational” during the era of Hollywood self-censorship feminist film classes. The authors’ Note (1920s–1960s), to more recent incar- numerous perspectives — performer, 1. Molly Langmuir, “Masturbation, nations distributed on home video by producer, educator, scholar, activist, Nudists, and Street Interviews: An Adam and Eve and Vivid Video. Hef- therapist — make a well-rounded case Oral History of HBO’s Real Sex,” fernan connects the censorship of sex for the importance of sexual represen- Vulture, July 30, 2013. http://www. education materials to broader social tation and expression to feminism, and vulture.com/2013/07/hbo-real-sex- forces, including the medicalization of vice versa. oral-history-masturbation-nudists- women’s health and childbirth at the street-interviews.html turn of the century and concern over If mainstream media and culture the social effects of moving images fol- paint a monolithic portrait of pornog- [Nora Stone is a Ph.D. candidate in the lowing WWI. This synoptic history, raphy, they also paint a depressingly film area of the Department of Com- and Heffernan’s thoughtful descrip- uniform portrait of women as the vic- munication Arts at the University of tions of educational sex films, provides tims of pornography’s increasing avail- Wisconsin–Madison. She was named necessary context to Hartley’s personal ability. Each of these books and films 2013 Jarchow Fellow in the Wisconsin exploration and message: “[S]ex is good in its own way expands the possible Center for Film and Theater Research, for you and the more you know about ways that women can relate to sexually which resulted in a digital exhibit on the it, the better it’s likely to be” (p. 236). explicit audiovisual material. Whether Center’s papers of Emile de Antonio. She For these reasons, The Feminist personal essay or survey film, historical teaches digital media production and Porn Book comes out on top as the research or day-in-the-life documenta- worked as production designer on a 2013 resource with the most breadth and tion, these resources show how women independent feature film,Sabbatical .]

Miriam Greenwald

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 5 Feminist Archives The Letters of Anne Whitney: Using Archives in Digital Scholarship by Jenifer Bartle

Nineteenth-century American sculptor Anne Whitney and the National Statuary Hall Collection in the United was born into a prominent family in Watertown, Massa- States Capitol building. chusetts in 1821 and lived until 1915 — her life spanning The Wellesley College Archives holds approximately nearly a century of great political and social change. A con- four thousand letters from Anne Whitney’s correspondence. temporary of Whitney’s, writer Harriet Spofford, described In keeping with Victorian tradition, Whitney wished for her as “an active abolitionist from her youth, a suffragist her letters to be published posthumously, so she bequeathed from the beginning, a worker in the cause of womankind.”1 them to a friend, along with money to fund their publica- In her early years, Whitney was a teacher and a published tion. They were never published, but were donated to the poet; she later studied to become a sculptor. She was associ- Wellesley College Archives in 1944. Margaret Clapp, Presi- ated with a group of women sculptors who emerged in the dent of Wellesley College from 1944 to 1966 and namesake late nineteenth century, includ- of the main library on campus, ing Harriet Hosmer, Edmonia later remarked that the donation Lewis, and Emma Stebbins. of Whitney’s letters added “a new Obstacles faced by the nine- chapter to that superb phenome- teenth-century “lady sculptor” non, the independent nineteenth were many, starting with “the century woman.”3 fact that a nineteenth-century Whitney’s letters were writ- woman who adopted any profes- ten to family members and close sion beyond homemaking was acquaintances in a casual, famil- immediately suspect.”2 After the iar style, as if they were entries Civil War, for instance, Whitney in a journal. They detail her life won an important commission and travels, including three trips for a public statue of anti-slavery to Europe, where she worked as a leader Charles Sumner. The com- sculptor and visited other artists mission was later rescinded when of the day. They are an invaluable it was learned that the sculptor addition to the primary sources to whom it had been awarded of the time — a wonderful as- was a woman. It was considered set for students and scholars of inappropriate for a woman to art, art history, and women’s and know what a man’s legs looked gender studies. like well enough to sculpt them. In 2011, Jacqueline Marie Despite the challenges she Musacchio, a professor in the faced, Whitney went on to have Art Department at Wellesley a long and successful career as Portrait of Anne Whitney. Image courtesy College, initiated a collaboration an artist. She worked in bronze of the Wellesley College Archives. with the Library and Technology and marble, producing statues Services (LTS) division to use and busts of private and public figures, many of whom were segments of Whitney’s correspondence as primary source associated with the movements for women’s suffrage and the material for a seminar entitled “Art, Tourism, and Gender in abolition of slavery that took root in the nineteenth-century Late Nineteenth-Century Italy.” What began as the digitiza- United States. Her surviving works can be found in private tion of a few dozen letters for classroom use has grown to and public collections, parks such as the Boston Common, encompass four separate digital scholarship projects: tran-

Page 6 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Feminist Archives scription and annotation coursework, a digital timeline of Whitney’s life, an interactive digital map of her travels, and a crowdsourced transcription project. The goal of these projects is to expose this rich archival collection and make it available for scholarship. Data and scholarship generated by the projects, along with digitized letters, photographs, and other ephemera, will ultimately be gathered into one comprehensive Whitney digital scholarly resource.

The Digital Scholarship Projects What follows is an overview of four digital scholarship projects related to Whitney’s correspondence. The approach to these projects is a practical one: to leverage free or low- cost, user-friendly software that encourages broad collabo- ration from a distributed group of stakeholders and keeps ongoing operational costs to a minimum. When completed, the Whitney digital resource will be housed in the Omeka content management system, which is free, flexible, and well-supported by an active user community. The approach is also a highly collaborative one, guided by the research and teaching interests of Professor Musacchio, managed by LTS’s Digital Scholarship Initiatives (DSI) program, and support- ed by the work of LTS staff and Wellesley College student interns and researchers. Anne Whitney’s sculpture of Harriet Martineau, social reformer. This Transcription & Digital Annotation in the Classroom sculpture was a gift to Wellesley College, and it was centrally located in College Hall before the building’s destruction by fire in 1914. Image Whitney’s letters were used in a classroom setting with courtesy of the Wellesley College Archives. undergraduate students first in Fall 2012 and again in Fall 2013. A small subset of her correspondence, detailing her multi-year journeys to Europe in the 1860s and 1870s, was student might link to relevant sections of the online version digitized at a regional imaging facility with funding from the of a guidebook of that era, such as Karl Baedeker’s Handbook Wellesley College Friends of the Library, and the resulting for Travelers, or perhaps enrich the entry with an archival digital collection was displayed in the Luna digital asset plat- photograph. form. Students in Professor Musacchio’s seminars were each As they transcribed and annotated the letters, students assigned several of the travel letters, which chronicle the also contributed to a wiki-like “Cast of Characters” of the day-to-day life of Whitney and her partner, painter Adeline names mentioned in the correspondence. They worked in Manning, as well as her work as a sculptor, her social milieu, peer-review pairs, using Google Apps for Education to col- and her interactions with contemporary artists. Students laborate, review each other’s work, and share their scholar- were encouraged to use the original letters in the archives as ship with the class. Finally, they were asked to write in-depth well as their digital surrogates, allowing them to experience articles about a particular facet of culture, art, or life de- both the hands-on benefits of archival research and the con- scribed by Whitney in her letters. This kind of close reading, venience of unrestricted digital access. annotation, and research is especially valuable for under- Students first worked to transcribe their assigned letters graduate students in learning how to engage with primary — no easy task when considering Whitney’s slanted pen- source materials. manship, non-standard spelling, and antiquated abbrevia- tion style. Once the letters were transcribed, students used Digital Timeline additional primary source materials to research and annotate An additional student research project, completed in the content of the letters. When annotating a letter that dis- Spring 2014, created a digital timeline that highlights events cusses Whitney’s visits to Italian monuments, for instance, a in Whitney’s life and situates them in historical and art

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 7 Feminist Archives historical context. As part of an independent study project, Neatline allows detailed annotations of modern Google two upperclass-undergraduate students used the Neatline maps; it also enables the presentation of additional map lay- plugin for Omeka to display temporal data about Whitney’s ers from external servers. Digital images of historic maps, life. The students incorporated data from both primary and for instance, can be georeferenced — assigned specific geo- secondary sources. The resulting visualization of her life and graphic coordinates — and layered onto the Google map times accompanies a larger, community-oriented, crowd- interface using the Web Map Service (WMS) protocol. This sourced transcription project to give users a framework with can be accomplished using open-source software such as which to view the letters. QGIS and GeoServer. Historical maps of Europe and indi- The Neatline plugin for Omeka was chosen for this vidual cities that were visited by Whitney during her travels project because it integrates fully with the rest of the content serve as the backdrop of the exhibit. The timeline feature planned for the future Whitney digital resource. Neatline is was customized by David McClure, a Neatline developer. open-source software funded by the NEH Office of Digital Humanities, the IMLS, and the Library of Congress, and it Crowdsourced Transcription Project is still in active development by the Scholars Lab at the Uni- The Anne Whitney correspondence collection comprises versity of Virginia. It works as a plugin for Omeka, extend- approximately four thousand letters — far more than can be ing its functionality by allowing the display of geotemporal transcribed in the highly detailed and time-intensive manner exhibits. Omeka and Neatline can be used out of the box discussed in the transcription and annotation project above. or customized. For this exhibit, the systems librarian and a In 2013, Professor Musacchio approached the DSI program computer science student intern and LTS staff with an idea: to made adjustments to the timeline involve the larger Wellesley to enhance its appearance and College community in the tran- functionality. scription of this rich archive, to provide a lifetime learning Digital Mapping resource for the community, Professor Musacchio also and, eventually, to enable access used the Neatline plugin to build to these unique documents for two map-and-timeline exhibits a wider audience. that display a richly annotated Public history projects visualization of Whitney’s travels such as the University of Iowa’s through Europe in the 1860s DIY History and the Papers of and 1870s and serve as compan- the War Department have been ion pieces to Musacchio’s article successful in engaging a large “Mapping the ‘White, Marmorean number of people to transcribe Flock’: Anne Whitney Abroad, documents and expose rich 1867–1868,” which was published primary sources. Additionally, in October 2014 as part of the Anne Whitney had strong con- Mellon-grant-funded Digital Hu- nections to Wellesley College, manities and Art History initiative making her a figure who oc- at the journal Nineteenth Century cupies a prominent place in the Art Worldwide.4 The exhibits con- history of the institution. The sist of historical maps, an inter- project received funding from active timeline, and individual the Wellesley College Friends of records with transcribed text of the Library to digitize a batch Whitney’s letters and related of more than 500 letters — this historical images. In some cases, time including those of other records serve as footnotes to the notable nineteenth-century main article, which explores Whit- individuals such as artist Har- Page of one of Whitney’s letters, dated October 16, 1867, ney’s travels as a case study of the Florence, Italy. MSS.4.146. Image courtesy of the Wellesley riet Hosmer, abolitionist leader nineteenth-century woman artist College Archives. William Lloyd Garrison, and abroad. suffragist Caroline Healy Dall.

Page 8 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Feminist Archives

In June 2014, a Wellesley College community-focused tran- w Project negotiation, planning, management, and scription project was launched, entitled “Dear Home: The oversight Letters of Anne Whitney.” w Processing archival collections and coordinating off-site This project uses the Scripto plugin for Omeka, a free, digitization open-source crowdsource transcription tool developed by w Metadata support for digital collections the Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media. w Instructional support for student researchers Letters were selected by Professor Musacchio and archives w Training and supervision of student interns and staff, then digitized and uploaded into Omeka. The tran- employees scription website was customized with code provided by the w Installation and updates of software on cloud servers University of Iowa libraries and the help of a computer sci- w Building, maintaining, and preserving digital collections ence major with experience in Wellesley College’s Human- of letters and images Computer Interaction Lab who worked on the project as a w Sourcing, georeferencing, and uploading historical maps Guthman Digital Scholarship intern. This project, like the to cloud servers others, relied on a wide range of additional collaborators. w Customizing open-source software with PHP, JavaScript, Since the site’s launch in June 2014, Wellesley College and CSS alumnae can log in and select a letter from a list of corre- spondents. Omeka displays the letter in a web browser and Notes provides a text box for users to enter transcribed text; the Scripto plugin then uses open-source MediaWiki software 1. Harriet P. Spofford, A Little Book of Friends (Boston: to save that text and all subsequent versions. Finally, the Little, Brown, & Company, 1916), p. 61. completed transcription is reviewed and brought back into the Omeka collection. The transcription data will eventually 2. Margaret Farrand Thorp, “The White, Marmorean Flock,” be incorporated into the planned Whitney digital resource, The New England Quarterly, v. 32, no. 2 (June 1959), p. allowing researchers and others to more easily read and 148. search the text of the documents. In 2015, the project is set to expand to include additional letters and members of the 3. Elizabeth R. Payne, Anne Whitney: Nineteenth Century College community. Sculptor and Liberal, unpublished (n.d.).

Summary of Support Efforts 4. Musacchio’s article can be found at http://www.19thc- These projects were coordinated by the Digital Scholar- artworldwide.org/index.php/autumn14/musacchio- ship Initiatives (DSI) program and supported by Library and introduction. It includes links to two geotemporal digital Technology Services. The Director of Library Collections, exhibits in Neatline, plus an extensive narrative section that the College Archivist, the Manager of Digital Scholarship discusses the project in detail. Initiatives, the Systems Librarian, Cataloging/Metadata staff, Instructional Technologists, LTS student interns, and un- [Jenifer Bartle is the manager of digital scholarship initiatives dergraduate student researchers have all played crucial roles. in the Library and Technology Services Division at Wellesley Specific activities included the following: College.]

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Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 9 Book Reviews Is Feminism Really Dead? Or Has It Just Become Too Fast to Catch and Gone Too Gaga to Spot? by Tiffany Lee

Shannon Bell, Fast Feminism. New York: Autonomedia Collective, 2010. 198p. pap., $15.95, ISBN 978-1570271892.

J. Jack Halberstam, Gaga Feminism: Sex, Gender, and the End of Normal. Boston, MA: Beacon Press, 2013. 184p. notes. pap., $18.00, ISBN 978-0807010976.

The word feminist has exploded. 174). Throughout their books, it be- 4. Write theory as art What does it actually mean for some- comes clear that neither author desires 5. Do art as theory thing or someone to be called feminist to write from an authoritative stance 6. Do theory from non-obvi- today? I hear this question a lot as a that insists, “This is the right feminism ous points of departure and T.A. for “Intro to Gender and Women’s for you and this is what you should 7. Do violence to the original Studies.” Prior to entering the class, do.” However, they do both provide context. (p. 174) the majority of my students have ac- their readers with some basic tenets of quired their knowledge of feminism their work. The underlying assertion of fast from mainstream media sources, where feminism is that “feminism needs to be every public figure from Miley Cyrus Halberstam describes gaga femi- infused from non-obvious philosophi- to Sarah Palin to Beyoncé has been af- nism as “a form of political expression cal locations” (p. 12). It is a “philo- filiated with the term. As a result, they, that masquerades as naïve nonsense porno-political practice” (p. 11). like most people, do not have a clear but that actually participates in big and understanding of the concept. meaningful forms of critique” (p. xxv). The fast in fast feminism is de- As I explain to my students, the The guiding frameworks for gaga femi- rived from Pail Virilio’s speed theory. label feminist today is like the label nism are (1) to look for knowledge in Bell describes Virilio as “the main phi- religious. You can make some basic unexpected places; (2) to think and act losopher of influence in fast-feminist assumptions about the person or the counterintuitively; (3) to practice cre- performance philosophy” (p. 13). institution flying under the banner, ative nonbelieving; and (4) to embrace The book very much deploys Virilio’s but you will not know their values, the outrageous without shame. In es- staircase method for doing philosophy, practices, or viewpoints until they spe- sence, Halberstam encourages readers which is that “once an idea is intro- cifically outline them. Shannon Bell in to look toward the seemingly nonsensi- duced (drop it and) jump to linkages Fast Feminism and J. Jack Halberstam cal for feminist guidance. Within this with another idea” (p. 12). Fast Femi- in Gaga Feminism do just that, each framework, “to be a feminist, you have nism is a whirlwind of ideas, philoso- exploring a potential for what feminists to go gaga” (p. 29). phies, narratives, and images. The flow and feminism can look like and achieve Bell’s fast feminism is also guided of the book is not at all linear, and in contemporary times. by disrupting normative models of its fast pace and multi-directionality Bell and Halberstam both articu- theorizing and knowledge production: can often leave the reader feeling dis- late basic guidelines for the feminisms oriented. In the midst of artfully and that they are proposing, yet both em- If fast feminism were to have a knowledgeably exploring the works of brace multiplicity and ambiguity as manifesto it would be to: big-name theorists like Virilio, Bataille, well. As Halberstam explains, “gaga Levinas, and Deleuze, Bell abruptly feminism will not give you rules” (end 1. Critique the world quickly interrupts her (more normative) intel- of ch. 1), and Bell echoes that “there 2. Interrupt intellectual schol- lectual contemplations with stories of is no way of predicting what women arship private and public sexual encounters. influenced by fast feminism will do” (p. 3. Position the body as the Most of these interwoven erotic basis of intellectual work stories are written from the perspec- tive of a character named FF, “a post-

Page 10 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Book Reviews gender provocateur, not so much a during one of her many public mas- gender terrorist as a gender risk-taker turbation performances. These pictures going the distance with her body” (p. — like most of the book — are not 11). FF plays a central and intriguing comfortable material for most people role in Fast Feminism. She is the avatar to engage with — nor are they meant that we follow into multiple “queer and to be. The book is dizzying, explicit, posthuman sites” (p. 22). Bell describes uncomfortable, bizarre, and provoca- her as “Haraway’s cyborg, the phallic tive. Chapter 4, for example, is about mother, the Sadean woman, Deleuze the child pornographer John Robin and Guattari’s little girl and Bataille’s Sharpe. Multiple feminists have chal- female Don Juan” (p. 23). Most signifi- lenged mainstream conceptions of cantly, FF also represents Bell and her childhood sexuality and the notion of experiences as a performance philoso- children’s inherent “purity,” and even pher. It can be confusing to read Bell Halberstam poses uncomfortable ques- intermittently writing about herself tions about this in Gaga Feminism, but in the third person. However, by con- Bell goes much further in this chapter, stantly switching between these various expressing her intense attraction to and viewpoints, she collapses the boundar- admiration for Sharpe and depicting ies between representation and reality, her character FF engaging in multiple theory and practice, philosophy and sexual acts with “the most notorious art, and self and others. child pornographer” during his trial. fun, user-friendly, and quasi-academic The book’s inclusion of multiple Even though Bell writes that “FF is handbook for a new feminism that of- color photographs of Bell fers the untrained insights participating in explicitly While Bell delves into the perverse, the bizarre, and of children alongside deep- sexual activities further seated critiques of contem- blurs these lines. Some of the disturbing, Halberstam draws more from the porary gender and sexuality the pictures are close-ups everyday, the wacky, and the entertaining. politics” (p. xxv). Like Bell, of her genitalia peeing, Halberstam encourages ejaculating, or wearing a readers to look toward mar- strap-on. Others are of her on stage first and foremost a philosopher (and ginalized and dismissed sources of that) her sexual feats are embodiments knowledge. However, whereas for Bell of philosophy” (p. 11), many readers this means reflecting on the writing might have a hard time moving beyond of convicted sex offenders, recounting the explicit nature of much of the memories of her friend’s dead dog’s book’s content. funeral, and including images of pub- Gaga Feminism sets a tone very lic female ejaculation, for Halberstam different from that of Fast Feminism. this means looking toward the Occupy Although Halberstam writes that “this Wall Street movement, pop songs, car- book models the art of going gaga: toons, romantic comedies, and conver- a politics of free-falling, wild think- sations with kids. ing, and imaginative reinvention” (p. People incorrectly assume that xv), and that it strives to “wrap itself gaga feminism is about Lady Gaga, but around performances of excess; crazy it is actually grounded in the cultural unreadable appearances of wild gen- changes and transgressions that Lady ders and social experimentation” (p. Gaga embodies and represents. Both xiii), Gaga Feminism does not even Lady Gaga and gaga feminism are come close to the cultural fringes and products of and contributors to what extremes that Bell takes us to in her Halberstam calls “the end of normal,” work; it is a much different reading ex- the most recent “withering away of old perience. Halberstam describes it as “a social models of desire, gender, and

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 11 Book Reviews sexuality” (p. 25). The book discusses a depth. For example, in Chapter 4, Hal- that Bell offers up interesting reflec- wide array of social and cultural occur- berstam outlines a queer critique of gay tions on philosophy, pornography, rences that reflect this shift in collective marriage that, although well-written, performance, sexuality, and the body. consciousness, including bromances, offers nothing new for anyone familiar Particularly, I find her chapter on the queer parenting, high rates of hetero- with queer politics; this critique would female phallus and female ejaculation sexual divorce, and new technologies of be more informative for those who to be incredibly compelling. Similarly, reproduction. By exploring these top- (like most of my students) are unaware if one is not turned off by Halberstam’s ics, all of which have widely circulated that not all gay people are supportive anecdotal and “quasi-academic” tone, in public dialogue, and by using Gaga Feminism is an engaging popular culture and personal an- text that does an excellent job of ecdotes as references, Halberstam What does your feminism look like to you? identifying and mapping various writes an incredibly accessible cultural shifts. and engaging text. I would espe- Neither of these works of- cially recommend it for anyone who or desirous of “marriage equality.” For fers any “concrete” prescriptions. Both, is new to feminism or just starting to better or for worse, this book has very however, empower their readers to think critically about issues surround- general, mainstream, and widespread challenge rigid models of thought and ing gender and sexuality. appeal. behavior and to unabashedly embody I had the pleasure of hearing Gaga In these two books, Halberstam and claim a feminism of their own, Feminism’s author speak last year. and Bell offer up their own re/imagin- whether it be fast, gaga, or any other Halberstam explained to the crowd ings of feminism, suggesting novel configuration of their choosing. They that the book was written mainly worlds of thought for feminism and both incite this question: What does for straight people and other norma- feminists to explore and grow from. your feminism look like to you? tive folk in order to give them tools While Bell delves into the perverse, the to make sense of the rapidly shifting bizarre, and the disturbing, Halberstam [Tiffany Lee, a Black queer feminist poet, world around them. I believe that this draws more from the everyday, the is a graduate student in both the Depart- text does just that. However, for read- wacky, and the entertaining. Readers ment of Gender &Women’s Studies and ers who are familiar with these topics, who are not troubled (to the point of the Department of Afro-American Stud- through either study or life experience, distraction) by the provocative content ies at the University of Wisconsin–Madi- the book might seem to be lacking in and style of Fast Feminism will find son.]

Inclusive Feminist Activism? Yes, Please! by Lachrista Greco

Julia Serano, EXCLUDED: Making Feminist And Queer Movements More Inclusive. Berkeley, CA: Seal Press, 2013. 336p. pap., $17.00, ISBN 978-1580055048.

Mainstream feminism has tended, overall goal of challenging sexism?” and tions to this exclusion. historically, to exclude people of color (2) “[I]s there a way to eliminate, or Serano’s inclusive version of femi- and trans folk. Julia Serano’s latest at least mitigate, our tendency toward nism is a breath of fresh air. She advo- book asks why that is, particularly in excluding people simply because they cates a holistic approach to feminist and the case of trans- and queer-identifying are different from us?” (p. 111). queer movements, which she described individuals. Serano seeks to answer Excluded is divided into two parts: in an interview with Persephone Maga- two questions: (1) “Why do feminist first, a collection of essays chronicling zine in 2013: and queer movements, which would instances of sexism-based exclusion so clearly benefit from strength in within feminism and queer activism The holistic approach to femi- numbers, always seem to exclude cer- (often from Serano’s personal experi- nism I forward is meant to be tain people who are committed to our ence), and then Serano’s proposed solu- a contextual way of challeng-

Page 12 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Book Reviews

ing sexism and marginaliza- What does a holistic approach to tion, one that accommodates feminist activism look like? It accom- the fact that we all have differ- modates diversity, Serano says, rather ent bodies, desires, experienc- than favoring a particular individual es, and perspectives. Rather and/or their lived experience. It also than flat-out condemning cer- recognizes many and varied double tain ways of being, it focuses standards. Finally, and perhaps most more on challenging gender importantly, a holistic approach creates entitlement — when we non- new strategies that confront all forms consensually project our own of marginalization and sexism, instead assumptions, expectations, of just those we might personally expe- meanings, value judgments, rience. and opinions about gender In the last chapter, Serano lets and sexuality onto other activists know how we can help: “we people.1 must learn to accept the many gray areas that come with interacting with a Serano differentiates between a ho- heterogeneous group of individuals… listic and a fixed approach to feminist As activists, we must allow for multiple and queer activism, delving into the (and sometimes seemingly contradic- danger that a fixed approach poses for a tory) possibilities” (p. 284). After all, if movement. She contends that the pri- we are seriously committed to ending mary problem with the fixed approach is that the activists fail to consider the Note double standards that remain outside What does a holistic approach of their personal scope, and that this to feminist activism look like? 1. “Persephone Pioneers: Welcome has resulted in a multitude of recurring Back, Julia Serano!,” http://perse- problems within the feminist move- phonemagazine.com/2013/10/ ment. One such problem is that many sexism and marginalization, she asks, persephone-pioneers-welcome-back- marginalized individuals’ experiences then shouldn’t we be just as committed julia-serano/. are theorized out of the movement. to ending these oppressions in our own Serano calls on feminist and queer ac- movement and community? Let that [Lachrista Greco is the founder of the tivists to “be on the lookout for novel, question sink in; then commit to doing activist community Guerrilla Feminism, unarticulated, and underappreciated something about it. the author of Olive Grrrls: Italian North forms of sexism and marginalization,” Excluded: Making Feminist and American Women & the Search for and insists that feminist “theories and Queer Movements More Inclusive is a Identity, and the publications associate activism should be flexible enough to much-needed addition to the growing in the University of Wisconsin Office of acclimate to these newer double stan- canon of literature on feminist activ- the Gender & Women’s Studies Librar- dards” (pp. 218–219). ism, and is the only book I’m aware of, ian.] so far, that addresses this activism in an intersectional, inclusive framework.

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Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 13 Book Reviews

Feminism, “Women’s Magazines,” and The New Yorker by Theresa D. Kemp

Janet Carey Eldred, Literate Zeal: Gender and the Making of a New Yorker Ethos. Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 2012. (Pitt Comp Literacy Culture series.) 248p. notes. bibl. index. $24.95, ISBN 978- 0822944096; pap., $19.95, ISBN 978-0822963271.

Based on impressively extensive Mademoiselle, and Harper’s Bazaar, the magazine, which paid a premium archival research, Janet Eldred’s por- demonstrating how such magazines on works if selected for publication. trait of longtime New Yorker editor were more akin than previously In spite of the New Yorker’s success, Katharine S. White is situated within deemed to the likes of the New Yorker however, detractors such as Tom Wolfe the larger context of what Eldred de- in offering culture and literature to be criticized it for flattening out all of the scribes as “a heavy, gilded frame” (p. consumed by the rising middle class. In stories into what he called a “homog- xi). The layers of this frame include an particular, Eldred’s work offers a revi- enized production [that] is disgorged interrogation of the perceived divide sion of to the printers” (cited on p. 81). Some between mid-century feminism and famous authors, including Eudora feminist publications, on the one hand, literary and cultural and pop- Welty and Carson McCullers, while and more “traditional” women’s maga- ular histories … [that tend] they may have wished to publish in the zines, on the other, which according to to venerate the New Yorker New Yorker, avoided even submitting Eldred also need to be considered in as a literary shrine and deni- stories because of the likelihood that terms of their participation in the same grate the women’s magazines their work would be seriously revised women’s movement. that published the very same by editor-writers. As part of the framing of her caliber of authors, sometimes study of the New Yorker ethos, Eldred the very same authors, some- Eldred also outlines in dramatic provides a brief history of the rising times the very stories the New detail some of the conflicts that actu- numbers of female college graduates Yorker might have published ally occurred between New Yorker au- entering into the editing profession, had they gotten first rights. thors and house editors over authorial and their consequent but often over- This historical revision is use- and editorial authority. Her case stud- looked role in the formation of modern ful, even necessary because it ies of Eleanor Gould and Frances Gray American literature and the develop- counters a liberal elitism … Patton, drawn heavily from her archi- ment of a middle-class readership in that assumes that women’s val research, are particularly interesting. the U.S. In recovering and re-visioning magazines and literature are She ends the chapter by challenging women’s history, Eldred also calls into antithetical and thus ignores the “fairly simplistic premise … [that] question the tendency of many social decades of women’s editorial real art is produced by individual ge- and literary histories to ignore the and literary achievements. (p. nius” and the contemporary anxieties overlap between the kinds of authors 35) expressed by some about the emascula- and works published in “literary” tion of “great” literature through its magazines and those published in what In “‘The Precision of Knives,’ or contact (via editing and/or readership) are conventionally seen as “women’s” More than Just Commas” (Chapter with women and the middle class (p. magazines. While the book’s focus is 2), Eldred details the often powerful 109). on the “making of a New Yorker ethos,” shaping influence of the New Yorker’s “Mademoiselle, the New Yorker, among Eldred’s key points is that this famously heavy-handed editing pro- and Other Women’s Magazines” ethos was not created in a vacuum. cess on authors and the stories they (Chapter 3) pursues several related “Between the Sheets” (Chapter published. For better or worse, the points aimed at rethinking U.S. cul- 1) briefly links the New Yorker to such magazine developed a recognizable tural and literary history. Women’s seemingly disparate twentieth-century standard and style in the fiction it magazines made significant but often publications as The Saturday Evening published, and a number of authors overlooked contributions to the mak- Post, Collier’s, Ladies’ Home Journal, established first-read agreements with ing of belles lettres. They also contrib-

Page 14 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Book Reviews uted to the women’s movement in ways like the New Yorker. Perhaps it is not Throughout the book, Eldred not typically acknowledged in social surprising that despite women editors’ gestures provocatively toward a number and feminist histories. Mademoiselle, efforts to stand behind their work, a of directions that further work in his- for example, specifically fostered and great deal of attention was and has torical revision might take. She argues targeted a market of educated profes- been paid to their bodies in ways not for reassessment of publishing histories sional women, and Eldred provides a experienced by their male counterparts, that have posited Ms. as the antithesis rhetorical analysis of Mademoiselle’s at- especially in terms of fashion, style, of other women’s magazines, branding tention to careers for educated women and illness. Katharine White serves as the latter as “irredeemably sexist” (p. and strategies for advancement (e.g., the primary case study for demonstrat- 34). Such histories have categorized pe- practical tips for getting a job and how ing the ways in which editors were riodicals as “literary (or ‘smart’) versus to join male colleagues for a drink at not in control of how they were repre- popular (or the unspoken correlative a bar). Moreover, as Eldred demon- sented or how their lives and works are ‘dumb’), with overtly tagged ‘women’s strates, the editors of the New Yorker remembered. magazines’ falling unambiguously in explicitly viewed women’s magazines Literate Zeal actually concludes the latter category; and a continuing that published fiction, and Mademoi- with an afterword on “Katharine emphasis on individual authorial ge- selle in particular, as competitors for White’s Bequest, or Ruminations on an nius, with a corresponding de-emphasis sources of publishable fiction (pp. Archive.” The “ruminations” referred on the rhetorical work of editors and 111–115). to are those of both Eldred and White. agents and popular markets in building Drawing on her archival research, El- literary careers” (p. 34). The magazine provided not only dred presents White’s thoughts in later The gilded frame of rich historical extensive content aimed at young pro- life about what to do with not only context Eldred creates could benefit fessional women, but also employment her vast collection of first editions of from several additional layers as well, for the women — and gay men — American works of literature (many such as attention to race as well as gen- who staffed its editorial offices. As El- of them quite valuable), but also her der. To what extent was the mid-centu- dred argues, the New Yorker itself, even voluminous papers and editorial cor- ry, middle-class literacy Eldred studies as it “was working its way into Ameri- respondences containing a wealth of framed in terms of whiteness? What can literary history, at the same time information about the history of the does the New Yorker look like when that it was developing a well-deserved New Yorker. considered alongside such publications reputation for literary excellence, at as Jet, Ebony, or Essence, which also the same time that it was experiencing White’s work as amateur archi- have histories of employing women what might be called its apotheosis into vist was intensified by her response to editors and participating in the growth haute literacy, it was and had always Brendan Gill’s Here at the New Yorker, of middle-class literacy in the U.S.? been, to a significant degree, a woman’s which she felt depicted her and the In light of Eldred’s own ruminations magazine” (p. 138). magazine in a negative and inaccurate on the fate of the materials related to The presence of women and light. Her private correspondence the New Yorker, Jet’s recent move to women’s perspectives in connection and personal copies of books were digital-only publication might serve as with literature, however, also elicited bequeathed to her alma mater Bryn a prompt to ensure the preservation of backlash in the form of anxieties and Mawr, while her official editorial work print-related archival materials there hostility from writers such as Tom was taken up by the New York Public and elsewhere. There is a lot of work Wolfe, who “clearly defines literature as Library. Eldred’s own “ruminations on left for scholars and archivists to do. a category that excludes female experi- an archive” are expressed in her grati- ence and sentiment” (p. 138). tude for White’s archival preservations, [Theresa D. Kemp is a professor of Eng- The volume’s concluding chapter, her lamentation for lost materials, and lish and women’s studies at the University “Lady Editors, Katharine White, and her call for others to take up the work of Wisconsin–Eau Claire. She is also a the Embodiment of Style,” turns to an of “recovering and synthesizing” the member of the Feminist Teacher editori- analysis of style in relation to women history that “remains hidden in scat- al collective (University of Illinois Press).] editors and body politic in magazines tered archives, and thus unwritten” (p. 177).

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 15 Book Reviews

Sexuality & Africa by Cherod Johnson

Marc Epprecht, SEXUALITY AND SOCIAL JUSTICE IN AFRICA: RETHINKING HOMOPHOBIA AND FORGING RESISTANCE. New York: Zed Books, 2013. (African Arguments series.) 232p. notes. bibl. index. pap., $22.95, ISBN 978- 1780323817.

In transit to Johannesburg, South reforms that have been achieved for of such progress seldom capture the Africa, in the summer of 2014, I read sexual minorities and lgbtq peoples media’s attention. and absorbed the conclusion to this in Africa include the decriminalization Instead of pinning the blame for groundbreaking book by Marc Eppre- of sodomy laws in Cape Verde in 2004; gender-based violence and homopho- cht. One remark in particular stopped a 2010 Ugandan court injunction “to bia in Africa on specific groups, Eppre- me cold: “Indeed, social justice can be stop a newspaper from publishing cht examines legal reforms and social conceived in our beds or wherever else names and addresses of alleged ‘top activism, drawing from a wide range we manage to express erotic desire and homosexuals’” (p. 1); and the courage of primary sources, including personal to forge intimate relationships based exhibited by Mauritius, which support- observation, religious and biblical texts, on mutual respect for human dignity” ed the United Nations Human Rights unpublished documents, and personal (p. 180). That claim is bold and rather resolution that condemned sexual and interviews. His secondary sources in- provocative, but Epprecht is clude informal discussions and notorious for illuminating how media reports that he either the sexual and the social are discovered in his own research or embodied and erotic practices, was provided by social activists, intertwined in the fight for hu- students, journalists, lawyers, man rights.1 and colleagues. In this semi-pocket-sized but insightful paperback, Epprecht Epprecht’s understand- charts the long struggle for sex- ing of social activism is broad ual rights and gender equality in in scope and represented in Africa, his central aim being “to multiple forms, ranging from make the argument that African academic and scholarly research initiatives to foster new cultures to progressive religious theology of gender and sexuality that em- and state and public health ini- brace human rights and promote tiatives. His archaeological ap- sexual health among sexual mi- proach to scholarly research and norities are not only happening social activism is obvious, and it alongside that pain but are seeing has led him to explore the histo- some real successes” (p. 6). By riography of language, ritual, re- acknowledging and focusing on ligion, and custom, in and across the significance of African tradi- diasporic African communities. tions and religious customs, he is He illuminates the cultural im- able to map queer activism and portance of specific rituals and political successes in and across biblical readings, emphasizing the African diaspora. their symbolic value for local For Epprecht, the social and communities and social activists cultural role of African traditions and the ways in which lgbtq and religious customs in the stra- persons and activists employ tegic molding of sexual rights and for gender violence in 2011. But even “euphemism[s] and technocratic lan- LGBTQ persons in Africa is significant though a wealth of progress has been guage to get the rights [sic] foot in the — and cause for celebration. The legal made, Epprecht argues that narratives door of public discourse” (p. 150).

Page 16 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Book Reviews

In attempting to build a bridge why are so many people still hungry in and abuse of power, police corrup- between social justice and sexual rights, this world of plenty, and what can the tion, shame elections, the meaning of Epprecht calls for “erotic justice” (p. well fed do in their own countries to culture and cultural appropriation, 11), which, in his formulation, is a the- begin to address global inequalities?” Christian fundamentalist and Islamist oretical framework — borrowed from (p. 35). movements to promote intolerance, the work of Marvin Ellison2 — that Epprecht’s work is remarkable non-Africans’ involvement and funding places dialogue and discussion at the in its intellectual sophistication, and for such movements, foreign policy, center and as significant core values “to for that reason it will be of interest to and much more” (p. 5). build societies with mutuality, respect, academics and non-academics alike. community well-being, human dignity Each chapter is rigorous and clear. The This book has great historical and fairness” (p. 11). book’s intended audience is undergrad- depth and breadth. Chapter 2, “De- uate students and college faculty in the mystifying Sexuality Studies in Africa,” Understood in this way, erotic fields of gender and women’s studies, contains pertinent information about justice calls for and relies on interna- political science, communication, and the reliability of scholarly research tional dialogue and on Africa. Chapter discussion about hu- 3, “Faiths,” tells nu- man rights, and its The sexual and the social are embodied and erotic practices, merous biblical and aim is to foster mutual intertwined in the fight for human rights. spiritual stories about respect and sustain the potential benefits collaboration and dia- and pitfalls of religion, logue between diverse nations and peo- Africana studies. Working profession- rituals, and sacred texts in mobilizing ples. Forged from core feminist prin- als in for-profit and non-profit sectors, for sexual rights and gender equality in ciples and values that place emphasis specifically related to international Africa. Chapter 4, “Sex and the State,” on social justice and the erotic, erotic relations and foreign affairs, gender focuses on state pressures and how the justice marks a shift in scholarship on and women’s studies, and technology state is crucial to the struggle for legal human rights in Africa. It is a call and and new media, will also appreciate the reform. Chapter 5, “Struggles and response that scholars of feminism and clarity of this text. Strategies,” discusses the history of so- queer theory will appreciate, because it cial activism in Africa and recommends deliberately “means freedom to experi- Although the writing in this strategies for economic and social ence, fantasize, explore, advocate and book is dense, the style is narrative. change, including the value of public represent all these aspects of sexuality Each chapter begins with either a his- health campaigns in advancing human without fear, provided of course that torical overview or a current debate, rights for all persons. such freedom does not impose injustice and concludes with an optimistic The shortcomings of the book on others” (p. 35). narrative for social change. Both the are obvious. The chapters are broad In resisting binary thinking that writing style and the argument are ac- in scope and try to cover too much too quickly settles into “a clash be- cessible and will likely be valued by ground. The absence of footnotes and tween liberal Western and conversative laypersons. in-text citations will be of concern African values” (p. 3), Epprecht offers Social Justice and Sexuality in Africa to thorough readers. The author also the reader histories of knowledge- prompts readers to rethink homopho- requires readers to do more external making and consciousness-raising in bia and resistance and consider what is work than should be expected — for Africa instead. In this way, he is able to possible with social activism. If, as Ep- instance, to have read Epprecht’s previ- strategically center Africa as the agent precht believes, sexual rights are central ous publications for the primary sourc- and actor of its own past and future. to human rights for all, then “the con- es he alludes to. He notes, “For those In practice, erotic justice opens up flicts over sexual diversity and gender who are interested, my own original discussion pertinent to human rights variance [can] lead us to debates about research, discussions of methodology issues and around important questions, gender-based violence and women’s and references to the primary sources such as this remarkable one, which Ep- rights, communicable disease, commer- upon which I base key claims can be precht probes: “Erotic justice requires cial sex, racist and tribalist stereotyp- found in my earlier publications on the us to think big and to ask, for example, ing, xenophobia, street kids, witchcraft topic” (p. 19). beliefs and practices, elite hypocrisy

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 17 Book Reviews

The book also contains some field of gender and women’s studies ens, OH, and Scottsville, South Africa: less-than-obvious errors. For example, and is appropriate for policymakers, Ohio University Press & University of Epprecht makes a significant mistake high school students, college freshmen, KwaZulu-Natal Press, 2008). with dates. Uganda’s court injunction and aspiring political activists. Its sig- was issued in 2010,3 not in 2009 as he nificant historical breadth will make it 2. Marvin Ellison, Erotic Justice: A claims. a valuable addition to research libraries Liberating Ethic of Sexuality (Louisville, The book’s conclusion is surpris- and academic collections that support KY: West-Minster John Knox Press), ingly short and lacks the sophistication gender and women’s studies, political 1996. and depth of previous chapters. Key science, media studies, and transna- 3. For information on the correct concepts introduced in the introduc- tional feminism. date, see “Uganda Court Bars Pho- tion, such as erotic justice and Jasbir tos, Names of Gays in Paper,” in The Puar’s concept of “homonationalism,” Notes Washington Post, November 2, 2010 are not followed up in later chapters. (http://www.washingtonpost.com/ Further discussion of homonationalism 1. See, for example, Marc Epprecht, wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/02/ would have been particularly helpful in Hungochani: The History of a Dissident AR2010110201088.html). addressing the complexities and recon- Sexuality in Southern Africa (Montreal: figurations of queer and lgbt activ- McGill-Queen’s University Press, [Cherod Johnson is completing a master’s ism in and across the African diaspora. 2006); Marc Epprecht, Homosexual Af- degree at the University of Wisconsin– Despite its shortcomings, though, rica? The History of an Idea from the Age Madison in the Department of Gender & this book is a solid contribution to the of Exploration to the Age of AIDS (Ath- Women’s Studies.]

Miriam Greenwald

Page 18 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Book Reviews

King vs. Laqueur: Sex and Texts in Ancient and Early Modern Europe by Suzanna Schulert

Helen King, The One-Sex Body on Trial: The Classical and Early Modern Evidence. Burlington, VT: Ashgate Publishing, 2013. (The history of medicine in context.) 287p. bibl. index. $124.95, ISBN 978- 1409463351.

Since it appeared in 1990, modern period. He began with ancient Helen King, however, is uncon- Thomas Laqueur’s Making Sex: Body ideas about the sexed body, especially vinced that there was a one-sex ancient and Gender from the Greeks to Freud has Galen’s description of woman as man world; even if it existed, she finds the been a touchstone in sex and gender turned inward; and he saw Galenic concept of sexual difference to have studies. Despite that work’s influence, texts as perpetuating one-sex ideas in been prevalent in the sixteenth century, historians have criticized Laqueur’s Renaissance Europe — despite early 200 years earlier than Laqueur claims. timeline and his depiction of the an- modern advances in anatomy, includ- King criticizes Laqueur’s lack of close cient world. Now Helen King, in The ing Renaldus Columbus’s “discovery” readings, limited source base, and priv- One-Sex Body on Trial, goes beyond of the clitoris in the sixteenth century. ileging of genitals over physiology such simply adjusting Laqueur’s history to Laqueur identified the vagina as the as menstruation and pregnancy. She dismissing his model as a blunt tool for penis’s inverted analog so the clitoris accuses Laqueur of inadequate source historical analysis of the body. Success- could trouble one-sex beliefs. Laqueur work, particularly with his foundation fully showing that Laqueur’s “simple argued that while one- and two-sex text, in which Galen described invert- dichotomy” (p. 98) limits our under- models of the body often coexisted, ing external male organs into internal standing of history, King provides her social influences shifted one-sex beliefs female organs, arguing that this parable own alternative investigation of sex dif- in the eighteenth century, when scien- was not a belief about bodily differ- ference across his millennial chasm. tists began creating linguistic divisions ence, but a teaching tool when human Making Sex detailed Laqueur’s between male and female genitalia and dissection was taboo. “It is clearly a model of changing understandings sought sex differences throughout the thought experiment, and is introduced of sexual difference, from the one-sex body. For Laqueur, this marked the as such — ‘Consider…’, ‘Think…’, to the two-sex model. In the ancient invention of modern sex. — with Galen going on to invite the world, according to Laqueur, “at least reader to ‘Think first, please, of…’ and two genders corresponded to but one ‘Think too, please, of the converse…’” sex.”1 He argued that although male (p. 35). Laqueur too referred to this and female genitalia differed, the an- passage as a thought experiment, but cients linked those differences with took it quite literally in building his variable internal heat, not with funda- model. mental differences between bodies. The King’s close readings thoroughly belief in biological differences between undermine Laqueur’s view of the an- men and women, he claimed, did not cient world. The One-Sex Body on Trial emerge until European modernity in can occasionally become tedious as the eighteenth century. In the one-sex she recounts the history of the texts world, sexed bodies had existed in a through translations, compilations, hierarchy of male perfection; in the and editions, but she makes perfectly two-sex world, male and female sexed clear that she is not guilty of Laqueur’s bodies were polar opposites. Embedded crimes. in this model is Laqueur’s belief that King’s overriding argument, that sex is particular to time and place, un- the one-sex, two-sex model is decep- bound by scientific knowledge. tively simplistic, is extremely convinc- Laqueur drew heavily from great ing. Unlike Laqueur, she focuses on medical men, such as Galen in the sticking points in the one-sex model ancient world and Vesalius in the early — the uterus and its associated func-

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 19 Book Reviews tions — showing that they con- found it impossible, and defied any sistently complicate Laqueur’s A vastly more complicated history of the sexed learned reader to take the notion of history of the body. Moreover, body lies beyond the one-sex, two-sex model. sex change in this case seriously. King shows that one- and two- King’s reading of this case sex views often existed concur- culinized, she grew hairy, and her voice story across a variety of sources rently in the ancient world, with no became harsh. The ancient physicians displays her rich knowledge of Hippo- evidence of either’s dominance. Her tried to induce menstruation, but they cratic texts and their early modern use, analysis makes it undeniable that, even failed, and Phaethousa died. which are central for her while they if we accept Laqueur’s model as useful, King calls this a case story rather receive minimal treatment in Making belief in essential biological differences than a case history. The phrase case Sex. King’s work with these texts is between the sexes was common before history carries contemporary meaning emblematic of her overall attention to the eighteenth-century watershed that that confers undue familiarity upon sources. Laqueur posited. ancient stories. King’s careful work Hippocratic texts are particularly King’s care with ancient language with ancient language serves to com- important because they demonstrate and stories is remarkable. Having pletely remove any sense of familiarity. the presence of gendered medicine in refuted Laqueur’s history of sexual dif- We cannot be sure how accurately the the ancient world. Ancient physicians ference, she builds her own, with close ancient author described Phaethousa’s debated whether women had specific readings of two ancient stories that lat- symptoms, how far removed the author diseases and health needs that neces- er appeared in the early modern world. was, or what exactly occurred, beyond sitated specific care. King finds this is The first story is about Phaethousa, a the vaguest of details. The value of at odds with a supposedly hegemonic woman whose body masculinized after the story lies not in a vain attempt at one-sex body in the ancient world. her husband went to war. Second is retrodiagnosis, but in how later writers If men and women differed only in Agnodice, sometimes called the inven- transmitted the story. the locations of their genitalia, they tor of midwifery, who hid her sex in King teases apart the ancient would have had no need for physicians order to practice as a healer. language that describes Phaethousa trained in their particular physiology. King accuses Laqueur of present- as a good wife whose body ceased to This interest in the diseases of ing translations of ancient language function properly in the absence of her women figures heavily in King’s analy- with little perspective, which is trou- husband. Phaethousa is epitokos, a ref- sis of Agnodice, whose story begins bling given that Making Sex ties the erence to her past fertility, which King in ancient Athens, where there were development of the two-sex body to identifies as a marker of womanhood no midwives and women died rather the development of specific terms for for later translators. She also argues than suffer the immodesty of exposing female anatomy. In sharp contrast, that how later authors ended the story themselves to men. Agnodice con- King dissects the language in the an- could indicate their position in La- cealed her sex from the public and the cient stories and acknowledges that queur’s dichotomy. medical profession in order to provide translations are sources of information In a one-sex world, King says, sex healthcare to female patients, only about the translator. She parses termi- change should be relatively easy. Few revealing it to them, privately, to gain nology, looking at what meaning the sex-change stories appear in Making their trust. Eventually, she had to prove terms held for ancient actors and how Sex, but when they do, as in the case her sex in court to avoid charges of se- later actors translated those terms. In of Marie-turned-Germain, the female ducing her patients. Athenian law then so doing, she shows how these stories sprouts a penis with very little ado. changed, allowing freeborn women to elude Laqueur’s definitions, and she When some early modern writers men- practice medicine. King calls this story uses them to think about two ques- tioned Phaethousa’s story, they omitted “good to think with” (p. 187), and uses tions: Is sex change possible? What her death. In these stories, becoming it to explore how the story’s users con- constitutes sex? masculinized was not a symptom of stituted sex. Phaethousa first appeared in a disease; Phaethousa became a man, Agnodice played with gender. She Hippocratic text from the fourth cen- showing that sex change was possible. hid her sex from fellow physicians, but tury BCE. The text described her as a In many of her sixteenth-century read- proved it to her patients by lifting her stay-at-home wife who had borne chil- ings of Phaethousa, King finds clear tunic. King wonders what Agnodice dren in the past. When her husband indications that the one-sex model, if hid and displayed to fool the doctors was exiled, she ceased menstruating it ever had existed, was no longer per- and accommodate her female patients’ and experienced pains; her body mas- vasive. Various anatomists of the time modesty. Beyond gender performance

Page 20 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Book Reviews and proving sex, the story addresses the attractive also makes it inapplicable to library’s physical or electronic collec- gendering of medicine. a nuanced history of sex. tion. King’s timeline appeals to ancient In the ancient story, the only One example of this inapplica- and early modern scholars, while her other named character is Herophilus, bility comes from a subject King in- methods provide a roadmap for re- Agnodice’s teacher. Herophilus, discov- dicts Laqueur for ignoring: gendered searching the sexed body. Her provoca- erer of female testicles, lived in third- medicine. Carla Bittel, in her 2009 tive questions and thoughtful source century Alexandria, where he studied biography, Mary Putnam Jacobi and work make this an exemplary resource the female body though a one-sex lens, the Politics of Medicine in Nineteenth- for graduate students of history and believing childbirth was the only afflic- Century America, found that gender gender studies alike. Currently, the tion particular to women. Aside from and medicine produced one another. book’s cost discourages classroom use, his famous knowledge of the female Bittel shows how Dr. Mary Putnam although the introduction alone would body, Herophilus also wrote the first Jacobi argued for gender equality using make excellent fodder for a graduate manual of midwifery — for which the same scientific discourses others seminar. Novice and veteran gender King found evidence. used to restrict women from public scholars and historians of medicine and Gendered medicine followed Ag- and professional life. In one brief ex- the body will find King’s work lucid nodice into early modern Europe. King ample, Bittel invokes Laqueur’s model and enlightening. explains: “The popularity of Agnodice in describing an article Jacobi authored grew in the period in which the Gyn- about hermaphroditism. Jacobi be- Notes aeciorum — a substantial printed col- lieved that “it is quite impossible, from lection of ancient, Arabic and contem- the existence of any one organ of the 1. Thomas Laqueur, Making Sex: Body and Gender from the Greeks to Freud porary texts on the diseases of women sex apparatus, to infer positively that (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, — was compiled, expanded and re- any other will be present, or, what is 1990), p. 25. printed; sixteenth-century Europe saw still more remarkable, to infer with cer- 3 a high level of interest in how medicine tainty the sex of the individual.” Bittel 2. W.C. Harrison, “The Shadow and should treat women, both within calls this view “a radical notion for the the Substance,” in Handbook of Gen- 4 and outside childbirth” (p. 150). This Victorian era.” Although Bittel notes der and Women’s Studies, ed. Kathy debate deepened in the ensuing two that the majority of Jacobi’s contem- Davis, Mary Evans, & Judith Lorber centuries, and combatants deputized poraries believed in a two-sex model, (Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 2006), pp. Agnodice into their arguments about it is unclear how Jacobi’s views fit into 35–52 (quote from p. 38). how to train women practitioners and Laqueur’s model. Jacobi accepted that to what end. male and female bodies were differ- 3. Mary Putnam Jacobi, “A Case of King persuasively argues for a new ent, but felt that there was a spectrum Absent Uterus: With Consideration on history of sexed bodies. She joins previ- of perfection from hermaphrodite to the Significance of Hermaphroditism,” ous critics who decried Laqueur’s dates complete male and female. The American Journal of Obstetrics and as “maddeningly vague” (p. 3), and is This goes to the heart of King’s cri- Diseases of Women and Children, v. 32 justifiably bothered by the chasm of tique. Laqueur’s model in Making Sex (1895), pp. 510–544 (quote from p. time between his analyses of ancient masks nuanced changes in the consti- 518). and modern sex. Despite historians’ tution of the sexed body. His focus on 4. Carla Bittel, Mary Putnam Jacobi & critiques, Laqueur’s message about the genitalia leaves no room for arguments the Politics of Medicine in Nineteenth- social construction of sex has contrib- like Jacobi’s. She believed that many Century America (Chapel Hill: Univer- uted to its appeal among gender schol- parts of the body were sexed and could sity of North Carolina Press, 2009), p. ars. In the 2006 Handbook of Gender develop in nearly infinite variation. In 153. and Women’s Studies, Wendy Harrison The One-Sex Body on Trial, Helen King called Making Sex “[o]ne of the most undoes Laqueur’s history and builds [Suzanna Schulert is a graduate student revolutionary and compelling pieces of her own, with incredible attention to in gender and women’s studies at the research of the 1990s.”2 For King, “[t] detail. She clearly shows that despite University of Wisconsin–Madison. She his message — of difference between the appeal of Laqueur’s story, a vastly has also been a teaching assistant for ‘then’ and ‘now’, of the primacy of so- more complicated history of the sexed GWS 103: Women and Their Bodies in cial construction over essentialism, and body lies beyond the one-sex, two-sex Health and Disease. Her current work of the instability of gender — was one model. focuses on the gendering of psychopathy in that people wanted to hear” (p. 6). But The One-Sex Body on Trial makes early twentieth-century America.] the simplicity that makes the model an excellent addition to an academic

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 21 Book Reviews

Concepts & Disciplines: A Reference Work on Gender by Nina Clements

Kath Woodward, THE SHORT GUIDE TO GENDER. Bristol, UK: The Policy Press, 2011. 149p. gloss. bibl. index. pap., $20.00, ISBN 978-1847427632.

This could alternatively be called but it should also be possible, especially does, Routledge’s Gender: The Key Con- The Short Guide to Women’s and Gender with the help of the glossary, for indi- cepts (2013), was reviewed in the last Studies, because in addition to defining vidual chapters to stand alone. issue of Feminist Collections by Pamela concepts necessary to the study of gen- The issues discussed include wage Salela (vol. 35, nos. 1-2, Winter-Spring der (as well as gender itself), it provides inequality (internationally), domestic 2014, p. 26). Oxford’s popular Very a historical look at the development of partner violence, health, and sexual- Short Introduction series offers guides the academic disciplines of women’s ized portrayals of women (termed to feminism and sexuality, but not one studies and the more current gender pornification). The book also focuses devoted specifically to gender. studies. As author Woodward articu- on the shift from women’s to gender Society’s shifting understanding lates it, “the shift from women’s studies studies and shares some of the existing of gender and its relevance to our lives to gender studies is part of the guide’s criticism of feminist theorists — for is an ongoing conversation, and gender framework” (p. xi). instance, Guyatri Spivak’s contention terminology is fluid and quickly chang- The Short Guide to Gender asks and that they are esoteric and overly indi- ing. One limitation of book publishing answers three questions: “What do we vidualistic. is currency. This book, for instance mean by gender? How is gender made Woodward also discusses the im- (published in 2011), lacks some im- and remade? What are the implications pact of technology and the internet portant contemporary terminology, of gender for policy and practice?” (p. on gender inequalities. With regard to including the term cisgender. Also, 107). Woodward attempts to answer social change, she acknowledges that although Woodward acknowledges the these questions by defining concepts, there’s no guarantee that changing poli- importance of masculinity studies, she discussing policy implications, and cies will end discrimination. However, does not devote much space to it. One presenting case studies from around “what is relevant to the discussion in additional, although small, quibble: it the world. this book is the ways in which gender would be helpful if it were clear that The tightly organized volume con- studies has informed some of these boldface type signifies glossary terms. sists of six chapters plus a glossary, an shifts and influenced policy making” Kath Woodward is currently a index, and a helpful reference list. Each (p. 103). She makes the connection professor of sociology at the Open chapter begins with an introduction between gender as a disciplinary sub- University in the U.K. and a member and some questions to consider while ject and “the politics and activism” of the Centre for Research on Socio- reading — which would also make connected with that subject (p. 110). Cultural Change. She is also the author this book a valuable classroom text for This seems especially important these of many other books, including Why introductory courses — and concludes days, with feminism and gender issues Feminism Matters: Feminism Lost and with a summary of its main points. The so often in the news. Found (2009), which she co-authored chapters clearly build upon each other, I recommend this book for pos- with her daughter Sophie, a professor sible use in introductory gender and at the University of Manchester. women’s studies classrooms. It also fills a gap in the reference literature, as sur- [Nina Clements is a reference & instruc- prisingly few concise reference guides tion librarian at Penn State’s Brandywine focus entirely on gender. One that campus, just outside of Philadelphia. She is an active member of ACRL’s Women’s & Gender Studies Section (WGSS), and you can find her @biblioscribbler.]

Page 22 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) E-Sources on Women & Gender

Our website (library.wisc.edu/gwslibrarian) includes re- Watson-Moore has recently blogged at BBG about is- cent editions of this column and links to complete back sues ranging from kids going home alone after school (it’s issues of Feminist Collections, plus many bibliographies, a always been the case, she points out, among poor/working- database of women-focused videos, and links to hundreds of class families; it’s only getting airplay now that it’s happen- other websites by topic. ing so much among the middle class), to black girls and Information about electronic journals and magazines, women (not just men!) getting killed by law enforcement. particularly those with numbered or dated issues posted on And there’s more: a user forum with login — “a safe space a regular schedule, can be found in our “Periodical Notes” for Black women…where Black women are free to express column. themselves without retaliation.” See the forum rules and Follow us on social media! Our office is on Facebook, expectations at http://bougieblackgirl.com/bougie-black- Twitter, and Tumblr with the username gwslibrarian. On girl-forum-login/. Facebook and Twitter, we post news about feminist issues, librarianship, and the activities and publications of the Gen- THIS BRIDGE CALLED OUR HEALTH: (RE) der & Women’s Studies Librarian and her staff. Our Tumblr IMAGINING OUR MINDS, BODIES, AND SPIRITS focuses on visually presenting resources housed in this office (https://thisbridgecalledourhealth.wordpress.com/) — and elsewhere. “A Trans-Inclusive, Intersectional, Sex-Positive Health & Healing Blog by & for Women and Femmes of Color of Blogger, motivational speaker, lifestyle coach, and Navy all Genders” — is run by Danielle Stevens & Annie Alex- veteran Lakisha Watson-Moore — “a proud African Ameri- andrian, who explain, “Our blog title is grounded in and can woman who loves to discuss issues that empower Black modeled after the anthology This Bridge Called My Back, in women” — is the founder of BOUGIE BLACK GIRL honor of the women and femme ancestors and healers of (http://bougieblackgirl.com), color whose narratives, wisdoms, where visitors can ponder this and truths serve as blueprints declaration: “I am a proud Black for our liberation and move- woman. — I am the original ments towards freedom; who woman and true reflection breathe resistance and survival of the creator’s image. — My through their bones, allowing womb birthed many nations. — us to live through their audacity I love myself deeply completely to reclaim their livelihood, our and unconditionally. — Every livelihood.” inch of myself is intelligent, Blog posts so far include beautiful, graceful and amazing. “Ain’t I a Human?: Ferguson and — I am limitless, fearless, and the Neglect of Black Women, unique. — I am a creator and an Femmes, and Girls,” by Danielle innovator. — I am not a mule, Stevens (November 14, 2014); but focused on myself. — I am “Grief as Love & Memoir: Heal- not invisible and I will be heard. ing as a Multiracial Woman of — I will not coddle those who Color through Remembrance benefit from my or others’ op- of the Deaths of Women in My pression. — I will stand up for Family,” by Annie Alexandrian myself and the ancient people (January 15, 2015); and “Giv- whose blood gave life to me. ing Up My Second Virginity,” — I will ignore those who chal- bougieblackgirl.com by Venus-Thomas Hinyard lenge these declarations because (April 15, 2015). Stevens and I know my worth and I see the Alexandrian are also looking for truth. — I want to welcome you to this blog where I write other “bloggers, writers, dreamers, visionaries, artists, lovers about issues that empower the lives of Black Women.” who would like to be part of this movement! We know there are so many truth-tellers, freedom fighters, warrior women,

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 23 E-Sources on Women & Gender

& fierce femmes who speak so much truth and wisdom Carin Clauss are here, as are Bonnie Blair, Belle Case LaFol- through their bones, whose stories are untold, unpublished lette, Vel Phillips, Georgia O’Keeffe, Pleasant Rowland, and within mainstreams dialogues around health and wellness; dozens of other women both famous and less well-known. whose testimonies we hold in sacredness.” Every profile lists sources of further information; many have embedded videos; and links to rich resources are provided Take a look at the recommendations in Bust.com’s list for educators. The WWMH site launched in March 2015 of 10 Lady Podcasts You Should Be Listen- ing To Right Now, by Evelyn Chapman (April 6, 2015): http://bust.com/10-lady-podcasts-you-should- be-listening-to-right-now.html. Podcasts reviewed/rec- ommended: “Call Your Girlfriend” with Ann Friedman & Aminatou Sow; “Black Girls Talking” with Alesia, Fatima, Aurelia, & Ramou; “Chewing the Fat” with Louisa Chu and Monica Eng; “Throwing Shade” with Brian Safi & Erin Gibson; “Slumber Party with Alie & Georgia”; “Another Round” with Heben Nigatu and Tracy Clayton; “Death, Sex & Money” with Anna Sale; “Nerdette” with Greta Johnsen and Tricia Bobeda; “The Back Talk” with Brit Julious. (Yeah, that’s nine, not ten, but the article ends by asking, “What podcasts are on your must-listen list?” — and many more are suggested in the comments.)

WISCONSIN WOMEN MAKING HISTORY (www. with an initial 65 profiles and more than a hundred more womeninwisconsin.org): Hundreds of names and stories. on their way through the pipeline. If you know of someone Dozens of partners (including the Gender & Women’s Stud- else who should be listed, there’s even a place on the site to ies Librarian’s Office!), advisors, collaborators, and volun- submit nominations. teers. Many meetings. Countless hours of research, writing, image-searching, fact-checking, editing, and uploading. The result: an online, searchable, user-friendly, and still-evolving database of women in, from, or with a strong connection to this state who have made a difference, whether in activ- ism and social change, agriculture and the environment, the arts, business, education, government and politics, health, journalism, law, military service, philanthropy, religion, sci- ence and technology, or sports; and from the 1700s to the twenty-first century. Chia Youyee Vang, Betsy Thunder, Ardie Clark Halyard, Sister Joel Read, Dickey Chapelle, and

Page 24 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Periodical Notes New & Newly Noted Periodicals

SHAMELESS. 2004— . “Talking back since 2004.” transgender studies…Whatever your critical, political, or Editorial & art director: Sheila Sampath. Publisher: Julia personal investment in particular trans- terminologies, we Horel. 3/yr., print. ISSN: 1710-2022. Subscriptions: hope that you will find — or make — an intellectual home in Canada: $15.00/year for individuals, $25.00 for for yourself here.” organizations; in the U.S.: $25.00/year for individuals, The first issue published (May 2014) was a huge double $35.00 for organizations; other international: $40.00/year one, featuring “eighty-six short original essays commissioned (individual or organization). P.O. Box 68548, 360A Bloor for the inaugural issue… Written by emerging academics, St. W., Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1X1. Website at http:// community-based writers, and senior scholars, each essay in shamelessmag.com has additional free content. this special issue, ‘Postposttranssexual: Key Concepts for a “Shameless is an independent Canadian voice for Twenty-First-Century Transgender Studies,’ revolves around smart, strong, sassy young women and trans youth. It’s a a particular keyword or concept. Some contributions focus fresh alternative to typical teen magazines, packed with on a concept central to transgender studies; others describe articles about arts, culture and current events, reflecting the a term of art from another discipline or interdisciplinary neglected diversity of our readers’ interests and experiences. area and show how it might relate to transgender studies. Grounded in principles of social justice and anti-oppression, Shameless aims to do more than just publish a magazine: we aim to inspire, inform, and advocate for young women and trans youth. — Shameless strives to practice and develop an inclusive feminism. We understand that many of the obstacles faced by young women and trans youth lie at the intersection of different forms of oppression, based on race, class, ability, immigration status, sexual orientation, and gender identity. As a grassroots magazine, we are committed to supporting and empowering young writers, editors, designers and artists, especially those from communities that are underrepresented in the mainstream media.” Partial contents of Issue 28 (Winter 2014), “The Food Issue”: “Unnatural Selection: GMOS 101” (“asking questions about genetically modified foods”), by Whitney Wager; “Diets, Debunked” (“the absurdity of one-size-fits- all diet advice”), by Kasia Mychajlowycz; “You Are Where You Eat” (“food tourism and cultural exchange”), by Vibhu Gairola.

TRANSGENDER STUDIES QUARTERLY. 2014— . Editors: Susan Stryker & Paisley Currah. Publisher: Duke University Press (www.dukeupress.edu/TSQ-Transgender- Studies-Quarterly/). 4/yr. ISSN: 2328-9260 (online), 2328-9252 (print). Personal subscription: individual, $45.00; student: $28.00. Institutional subscription available. This new quarterly, started with launch funding from the University of Arizona, other institutions, and a While far from providing a complete picture of the field, Kickstarter campaign, aims to be “the journal of record these keywords begin to elucidate a conceptual vocabulary for the rapidly consolidating interdisciplinary field of for transgender studies. Some of the submissions offer a

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 25 Periodical Notes deep and resilient resistance to the entire project of mapping across the lifespan for all women. It publishes original the field terminologically; some reveal yet-unrealized research, theoretical and review articles, book and media critical potentials for the field; some take existing terms reviews, and occasional short pieces of creative writing from canonical thinkers and develop the significance for that illuminate issues relevant to researchers, health transgender studies; some offer overviews of well-known care providers, educators, and public policy planners. methodologies and demonstrate their applicability within The range of appropriate topics is broad, including transgender studies; some suggest how transgender issues menarche, menstruation, menopause, pregnancy, play out in various fields; and some map the productive birthing, breastfeeding, miscarriage, infertility, assisted tensions between trans studies and other interdisciplines.” reproductive technologies, contraception and abortion, Very partial list of “keyword” essays in volume 1, reproductive cancers, sexually transmitted infections, and number 1–2: “Abjection,” by Robert Phillips; “Asterisk,” by disorders related to reproductive events (e.g., osteoporosis, Avery Tompkins; “Biometrics,” by Nicholas L. Clarkson; fistulas, migraines, postpartum depression). The scope “Brown Bois,” by Van Bailey; “Cataloging,” by Katelyn of the journal is international and interdisciplinary, with Angell & K. R. Roberto; “Childhood,” by Claudia feminist perspectives. Contributions from researchers/ Castañeda; “Disability,” by Jasbir K. Puar; “Feminism,” scholars in public health, nursing, medicine, psychology, by Sally Hines; “Handmade,” by Jeanne Vaccaro; “Hips,” sociology, anthropology, women’s studies, queer studies, the by Erica Rand; “Islam and Islamophobia,” by Rüstem humanities, and other fields are welcome.” Ertuğ Altinay; “Medieval,” by Karl Whittington; “Nature,” Partial contents of volume 2, number 2 (Fall 2014): by Oliver Bendorf; “Normal,” by Elizabeth Stephens; “Cycling Together: Menstrual Synchrony as a Projection of “Perfume,” by Lucas Crawford; “Pornography,” by Eliza Gendered Solidarity,” by Breanne Fahs, Jax Gonzalez, Rose Steinbock; “Reveal,” by Danielle M. Seid; “Somatechnics,” Coursey, & Stephanie Robinson-Cestaro; “‘Crazy Woman by Nikki Sullivan; “Symbolic Subversion,” by Saskia E. Juice’: Making Sense of Women’s Infertility Treatment Wieringa; “Tranimals,” by Lindsay Kelley; “Translation,” with Clomiphene,” by Ophra Leyser-Whalen; “Mexican- by A. Finn Enke; “Umbrella,” by T. Benjamin Singer; American Mothers’ Perceptions regarding Vaccinating Their “Whiteness,” by Salvador Vidal-Ortiz. Daughters against HPV and Recommended Strategies to Promote Vaccine Uptake,” by Meghan B. Moran et al.; WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH. 2014— . “Social Networks Influence Hispanic College Women’s “Official publication of the Society for Menstrual Cycle HPV Vaccine Uptake and Decision-making Processes,” by Research.” Editor: Joan C. Chrisler. Publisher: Routledge/ Dionne P. Stephens & Tami L. Thomas; “Self-silencing, Taylor & Francis (www.tandfonline.com). ISSN: 2329- Perfectionism, Loss of Control, Dualistic Discourse, and the 3691 (print), 2329-3713 (online). 2/yr. Personal and Experience of Premenstrual Syndrome,” by Joan C. Chrisler, institutional subscription available. Jennifer A. Gorman, & Laura Streckfuss. “Women’s Reproductive Health is dedicated to the improvement of reproductive health and well-being

See our online quarterly, Feminist Periodicals: A Current Listing of Contents, to find out what’s being published regularly in more than 150 feminist journals in English: http://womenst.library.wisc.edu/publications/feminist-periodicals.html

Page 26 Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Books Recently Received ALL DAYS ARE NIGHT. Stamm, Peter; Hofmann, THE FAILURE OF EVANGELICAL MENTAL HEALTH Michael, trans. Other Press, 2014. CARE. Weaver, John. McFarland, 2014. THE ARCHIVAL TURN IN FEMINISM: OUTRAGE IN FASHIONING FAT: INSIDE PLUS-SIZE MODELING. ORDER. Eichhorn, Kate. Temple University Press, 2013. Czerniawski, Amanda M. New York University Press, 2015. ARRESTING HOPE: WOMEN TAKING ACTION IN FEMINISM UNFINISHED: A SHORT, SURPRISING PRISON HEALTH INSIDE OUT. HISTORY OF AMERICAN WOMEN’S Martin, Ruth Elwood and others, eds. MOVEMENTS. Cobble, Dorothy Sue, Inanna, 2014. Gordon, Linda, and Henry, Astrid. W.W. Norton, 2014. ARTEMIS: THE INDOMITABLE SPIRIT IN EVERYWOMAN. Bolen, GENDER IN JUDAISM AND ISLAM: Jean Shinoda. Red Wheel, Weiser/Conari; COMMON LIVES, UNCOMMON distr. Hampton Roads, 2014. HERITAGE. Kashani-Sabet, Firoozeh and Wenger, Beth S, eds. NYU Press, AT HOME IN NINETEENTH- 2014. CENTURY AMERICA: A DOCUMENTARY HISTORY. Richter, HABEAS VISCUS: RACIALIZING Amy G. New York University Press, 2015. ASSEMBLAGES, BIOPOLITICS, AND BLACK FEMINIST THEORIES AWAKE. Swanberg, Ingrid. Green Panda, OF THE HUMAN. Weheliye, Alexander 2014. G. Duke University Press, 2014. BEFORE THEY WERE BELLY HAIFA FRAGMENTS. Khamis, Khulud. DANCERS: EUROPEAN ACCOUNTS Spinifex, 2015. OF FEMALE ENTERTAINERS IN EGYPT, 1760–1870. Fraser, Kathleen W. HARLOTS, HUSSIES, AND POOR McFarland, 2014. UNFORTUNATE WOMEN: CRIME, TRANSPORTATION, AND BIBLIODIVERSITY: A MANIFESTO THE SERVITUDE OF FEMALE FOR INDEPENDENT PUBLISHING. CONVICTS, 1718–1783. Ziegler, Edith Hawthorne, Susan. Spinifex, 2014. M. University of Alabama Press, 2014. CHRONIC YOUTH: DISABILILTY, THE HEALTH OF THE FIRST SEXUALITY, AND U.S. MEDIA LADIES: MEDICAL HISTORIES CULTURES OF REHABILITATION. FROM MARTHA WASHINGTON Elman, Julie Passanante. New York TO MICHELLE OBAMA. Deppisch, University Press, 2014. Ludwig M. McFarland, 2015. CORRIDOR TALK: CANADIAN HOME SWEAT HOME: FEMINIST SCHOLARS SHARE PERSPECTIVES ON HOUSEWORK STORIES OF RESEARCH AND MODERN RELATIONSHIPS. PARTNERSHIPS. Berman, Rachel, ed. Patton, Elizabeth and Choi, Mimi. Inanna, 2014. Rowman & Littlefield, 2014. DANCING TANGO: PASSIONATE I WORKED ALONE: DIARY OF A ENCOUNTERS IN A GLOBALIZING DOUBLE AGENT IN WORLD WAR WORLD. Davis, Kathy. NYU Press, II EUROPE. Sergueiew, Lily; Barbier, 2014. Mary Kathryn, ed. McFarland, 2014. DESTITUTION TO LEADERSHIP. KIDS GONE WILD: Arunachalam, Jaya; Ammanur, Srividhya FROM RAINBOW PARTIES TO SEXTING, G. and Asha, R., eds. Working Women’s Forum (India), UNDERSTANDING THE HYPE OVER TEEN SEX. 2014. Best, Joel and Bogle, Kathleen A. New York University Press, 2014.

Feminist Collections (v. 35, nos. 3–4, Summer–Fall 2014) Page 27 Books Recently Received

LILLIAN CARTER: A SHAW AND THE ACTRESSES FRANCHISE LEAGUE: COMPASSIONATE LIFE. STAGING EQUALITY. Dolgin, Ellen Ecker. McFarland, Hayter-Menzies, Grant. 2015. McFarland, 2014. SOR JUANA INÉS DE LA CRUZ: SELECTED WORKS. LOVE AND WAR: HOW de la Cruz, Sor Juana Inés; Grossman, Edith and Alvarez, MILITARISM SHAPES Julia, trans.,intro. Norton, 2014. SEXUALITY AND SPORTS HEROINES ON FILM: A CRITICAL STUDY ROMANCE. Digby, Tom. OF CINEMATIC WOMEN ATHLETES, COACHES Columbia University Press, AND OWNERS. Lieberman, Viridiana. McFarland, 2014. 2014. THE TRIAL OF SUSAN B. ANTHONY: AN ILLEGAL MARTIN LUTHER KING, VOTE, A COURTROOM CONVICTION AND A STEP JR., AND THE THEOLOGY TOWARD WOMEN’S SUFFRAGE. Naparsteck, Martin. OF RESISTANCE. Burrow, McFarland, 2014. Rufus. McFarland, 2014. UNCOVERINGS 2014: VOLUME 35 OF THE MORE THAN MEDICINE: A HISTORY OF THE RESEARCH PAPERS OF THE AMERICAN QUILT FEMINIST WOMEN’S HEALTH MOVEMENT. Nelson, STUDY GROUP. Bassett, Lynne Zacek, ed. American Jennifer. New York University Press, 2015. Quilt Study Group, 2014. NO PLACE FOR A LADY. Rosenbaum, Thea. Author THE VIOLENCE OF House, 2014. CARE: RAPE VICTIMS, PANIC FICTION: WOMEN AND ANTEBELLUM FORENSIC NURSES, ECONOMIC CRISIS. Templin, Mary. University of AND SEXUAL ASSAULT Alabama Press, 2014. INTERVENTION. Mulla, Sameena. New York University PLUCKED: A HISTORY OF HAIR REMOVAL. Herzig, Press, 2014. Rebecca M. New York University Press, 2015. WOMEN IN CHRISTIAN A QUEST OF HER OWN: ESSAYS ON THE FEMALE TRADITIONS. Moore, HERO IN MODERN FANTASY. Campbell, Lori M. Rebecca. New York University McFarland, 2014. Press, 2015. RAISING GENERATION RX: MOTHERING KIDS WOMEN IN NEW WITH INVISIBLE DISABILITIES IN AN AGE OF RELIGIONS. Vance, Laura. INEQUALITY. Blum, Linda M. New York University Press, New York University Press, 2015. 2015.

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