Iso/Iec Jtc 1/Sc 2/Wg 3 N450
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Finnish Inserted Vowels: a Case of Phonologized Excrescence
Nordic Journal of Linguistics (2021), page 1 of 31 doi:10.1017/S033258652100007X ARTICLE Finnish inserted vowels: a case of phonologized excrescence Robin Karlin University of Wisconsin-Madison, Waisman Center, Madison, WI, 53705, USA Email for correspondence: [email protected] (Received 12 March 2019; revised 1 September 2020; accepted 10 December 2020) Abstract In this paper, I examine a case of vowel insertion found in Savo and Pohjanmaa dialects of Finnish that is typically called “epenthesis”, but which demonstrates characteristics of both phonetic excrescence and phonological epenthesis. Based on a phonological analysis paired with an acoustic corpus study, I argue that Finnish vowel insertion is the mixed result of phonetic excrescence and the phonologization of these vowels, and is related to second-mora lengthening, another dialectal phenomenon. I propose a gestural model of second-mora lengthening that would generate vowel insertion in its original phonetic state. The link to second-mora lengthening provides a unified account that addresses both the dialectal and phonological distribution of the phenomenon, which have not been linked in previous literature. Keywords: excrescence; epenthesis; Finnish; gestures; phonetics; phonology 1. Introduction In this paper, I examine a case of vowel insertion found in Savo and Pohjanmaa dialects of Finnish that has typically been analyzed as a phonological repair, but which demonstrates characteristics of both phonetic excrescence and phonological epenthesis. Using both acoustic data and a phonological analysis of the distribution, I argue that Finnish vowel insertion originated as a phonetic intrusion, but then became phonologized over time. I follow Hall (2006) in assuming that excrescent vowels are the result of gestural underlap, and argue that the original gestural underlap was caused by second-mora lengthening, another phenomenon present in these dialects. -
Sixth Periodical Report Presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in Accordance with Article 15 of the Charter
Strasbourg, 1 July 2014 MIN-LANG (2014) PR7 EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES Sixth periodical report presented to the Secretary General of the Council of Europe in accordance with Article 15 of the Charter NORWAY THE EUROPEAN CHARTER FOR REGIONAL OR MINORITY LANGUAGES SIXTH PERIODICAL REPORT NORWAY Norwegian Ministry of Local Government and Modernisation 2014 1 Contents Part I ........................................................................................................................................... 3 Foreword ................................................................................................................................ 3 Users of regional or minority languages ................................................................................ 5 Policy, legislation and practice – changes .............................................................................. 6 Recommendations of the Committee of Ministers – measures for following up the recommendations ................................................................................................................... 9 Part II ........................................................................................................................................ 14 Part II of the Charter – Overview of measures taken to apply Article 7 of the Charter to the regional or minority languages recognised by the State ...................................................... 14 Article 7 –Information on each language and measures to implement -
Finnish Standardization of Finnish Orthography: from Reformists to National Awakeners
Finnish Standardization of Finnish orthography: From reformists to national awakeners Taru Nordlund 0. Introduction This article examines the standardization of Finnish orthography, concen- trating on the two periods of rapid development: the 16th and the 19th cen- turies. The first part discusses the role of the Western Church at the early stages of written Finnish: conversion to Christianity and especially the Lu- theran Reformation in the 16th century set the foundations for the usage of Finnish as a literary language. To provide a background to the standardiza- tion of orthography in the 16th and the 19th centuries, the spelling system of Modern Finnish is introduced in section 2. The following sections 3–5 discuss the orthography of the earliest writings and provide some examples of the problems that the first writers were faced with. The second external trigger for the evolution of Standard Finnish was European nationalism, which had reached Finland by the beginning of the 19th century. This era was characterized by a strong desire for nation-building, which was linguis- tically reflected in the process of standardization with its often heated de- bates about the “authenticity” or “purity” of the language. In section 6, aspects of 19th-century spelling are discussed. In most respects, the orthog- raphy of 19th-century Finnish resembles that of Modern Finnish. However, there were some debates on orthography that clearly reveal the nationalistic aspirations of the time. At the end of the article, one of these debates is discussed in more detail. DOI 10.1515/9783110288179.351, ©2017 Taru Nordlund, published by De Gruyter. -
Iso/Iec Jtc 1/Sc 2/Wg 3 N 425 Iso/Iec
,62,(&-7&6&:*N 425 Date : 1998-02-26 ,62,(&-7&6&:* ELWDQGELWFRGHVDQGWKHLUH[WHQVLRQ 6(&5(7$5,$7(/27 DOC TYPE : List of Documents TITLE : ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 Document list SOURCE : ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 PROJECT: -- STATUS : This is the current list of WG 3 documents, prepared since the Crete meeting ACTION ID : FYI -- DUE DATE : P, O and L Members of ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 23 DISTRIBUTION : WG Conveners, Secretariats WG 3 Members ISO/IEC JTC 1 Secretariat ISO/IEC ITTF MEDIUM : P NO OF PAGES : 4 Contact 1: Secretariat ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 ELOT Mrs K.Velli (acting) Acharnon 313, 111 45 Kato Patissia, ATHENS – GREECE Tel: +30 1 22 80 001 Fax : +30 1 22 86 219 E-mail : [email protected] Contact 2 : Convenor ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 Mr E.Melagrakis Acharnon 313, 111 45 Kato Patissia, ATHENS – GREECE Tel: +30 1 22 80 001 Fax : +30 1 22 86 219 E-mail: [email protected] ,62,(&-7&6&:*N 425 6&:* 6& 7,7/( 1 'LVSRVLWLRQ RI FRPPHQWV RQ %DOORW UHVXOWV 6& 1 ± 6XPPDU\ RI 9RWLQJ RQ 6&1±&RPELQHG &' 5HJLVWUDWLRQ DQG )&' %DOORW RQ 3URMHFW -7& LV WHQWDWLYH ± ,62,(& 3DUW ³/DWLQ ´ QLFNQDPHG ³/DWLQ ´ 1 'LVSRVLWLRQ RI FRPPHQWV RQ %DOORW UHVXOWV 6& 1 ± 6XPPDU\ RI 9RWLQJ RQ 6&1±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
Orthographies in Early Modern Europe
Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Orthographies in Early Modern Europe Edited by Susan Baddeley Anja Voeste De Gruyter Mouton An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org An electronic version of this book is freely available, thanks to the support of libra- ries working with Knowledge Unlatched. KU is a collaborative initiative designed to make high quality books Open Access. More information about the initiative can be found at www.knowledgeunlatched.org ISBN 978-3-11-021808-4 e-ISBN (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 ISSN 0179-0986 e-ISSN 0179-3256 ThisISBN work 978-3-11-021808-4 is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 3.0 License, ase-ISBN of February (PDF) 978-3-11-021809-1 23, 2017. For details go to http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. e-ISBN (EPUB) 978-3-11-021806-2 LibraryISSN 0179-0986 of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Ae-ISSN CIP catalog 0179-3256 record for this book has been applied for at the Library of Congress. ISBN 978-3-11-028812-4 e-ISBNBibliografische 978-3-11-028817-9 Information der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliogra- fie;This detaillierte work is licensed bibliografische under the DatenCreative sind Commons im Internet Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs über 3.0 License, Libraryhttp://dnb.dnb.deas of February of Congress 23, 2017.abrufbar. -
About the Finnish Gypsies
In: Ó Corráin, A. & S. Mac Mathúna (eds.) 1998, Minority Languages in Scandinavia, Britain and Ireland. Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis. Studia Celtica Upsaliensia 3. Uppsala. 51–76 KATRI VUORELA† and LARS BORIN Finnish Romani1 The origin and migrations of the Gypsies Like all other Gypsies2, the Finnish Gypsies are ultimately of Indian origin, presumably from the Punjab area in Northern India. For reasons unknown they left India in small groups over a long period of time, spreading westwards through Western Asia and Europe. Nor is it known exactly when they left India. Estimates range from the latter half of the first millenium BC to the eleventh century AD, depending on the source and which Gypsy 1 Parts of the material which went into this article were presented by Katri Vuorela at the 19 Linguistic Conference, 1992 in Tampere, Finland. Leena Huss, Ailbhe Ó Corráin and Anju Saxena have read the manuscript in various stages of completion and we would like to thank them for their comments and suggestions. Katri Vuorela died tragically and unexpectedly as we were preparing the final revision of this article in June 1993. Consequently, the responsibility for any errors, omissions or inconsistencies rests with the second author. Any correspondence should be directed to Lars Borin, Uppsala University, Department of Linguistics, Box 513, S-751 20, Uppsala, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] 2Romani Union, the international Gypsy organization, has advocated the abolishment of the term Gypsy, which often carries very negative connotations. In the words of a former General Secretary of the World Romani Congress: Roma, the correct though less familiar name, is used throughout this report in preference to gypsy, a misnomer which like its equivalents zigeuner, zingaro, cigan, gitan and others, perpetuates the very stigma the author wishes in some measure to reduce. -
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 N 495 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 7-Bit and 8-Bit Codes and Their Extension SECRETARIAT : ELOT Draft Meeting
ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 N 495 Date : 2000-06-26 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 7-bit and 8-bit codes and their extension SECRETARIAT : ELOT DOC TYPE : Draft Meeting agenda Draft Agenda for the 16th Meeting of TITLE : ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3, Athens, (GR), hosted by ELOT, from 18 September 2000 till 19 September 2000 SOURCE : E.Melagrakis, ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 Convenor PROJECT: -- STATUS : Draft ACTION ID : ACT DUE DATE : DISTRIBUTION : WG 3 Members and Liaison Organizations MEDIUM : P, Open NO OF PAGES : 6 Contact 1: Secretariat ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 ELOT Mrs K.Velli (acting) Acharnon 313, 111 45 Kato Patissia, ATHENS – GREECE Tel: +30 1 21 20 307 Fax : +30 1 22 86 219 E-mail : [email protected] Contact 2 : Convenor ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 Mr E.Melagrakis Acharnon 313, 111 45 Kato Patissia, ATHENS – GREECE Tel: +30 1 21 20 301 Fax : +30 1 22 86 219 E-mail: [email protected] ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 N 495 ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2/WG 3 MEETING AGENDA 1. Opening of the meeting 2. Roll call of delegates 3. Adoption of the agenda 4. Approval of the minutes of meeting # 15 5. Follow up of previous Resolutions 5.1 Reconfirmation of ISO 2033 (for Information only – WG3 resolution M15.5) 5.2 Response to report on ETSI meeting (for Information only - WG3 resolution M15.6) 5.3 Status of the ISO/TC46/SC4 Character Set Projects, SC2 N 3356, N 3434, N 3439, N 3440, 5.4 Transfer of ISO 1073.2 to SC31, SC2 N 3433 6. -
Eb-2013-00473 International Committee for Information Technology Standards
eb-2013-00473 International Committee for Information Technology Standards (INCITS) INCITS Secretariat, Information Technology Industry Council (ITI) 1101 K Street, NW, Suite 610, Washington, DC 20005 Date: April 4, 2013 Ref. Doc.: eb-2012-01071 Reply to: Barbara Bennett, Associate Manager, Standards Operations Phone: 202-626-5743 Email: [email protected] Notification of Public Review and Comments Register for the Reaffirmation of Standards in INCITS/L1. The public review period is from April 19, 2013 to June 3, 2013. INCITS/ISO 962:1974[R2008] Implementation of the 7-bit coded character set and its 7-bit and 8-bit extensions on 9- track 12,7 mm (0.5 in) magnetic tape INCITS/ISO 2033:1983[R2008] Information processing - Coding of machine readable characters for OCR & MICR INCITS/ISO 3275:1974[R2008] Implementation of the 7- bit coded character set and its 7- bit and 8- bit extensions on 3,81 mm magnetic cassette for data interchange INCITS/ISO 6586:1980[R2008] Data processing Implementation of the ISO 7 - Bit and 8 - Bit Coded Character Sets on Punched Cards INCITS/ISO 9036:1987[R2008] Information processing - Arabic 7- bit coded character set for information interchange INCITS/ISO/IEC 646:1991[R2008] Information technology - ISO 7-bit coded Character Set for Information Interchange INCITS/ISO/IEC 2022:1994[R2008] Information technology - Character code structure and extension techniques INCITS/ISO/IEC 2375:2003[R2008] Information technology - Procedure for registration of escape sequences and coded character sets INCITS/ISO/IEC 4873:1991[R2008] -
International Standard 2033
This is a preview of "ISO 2033:1983". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store. International Standard 2033 ,NTERNAT,ONAL OfGAN,zAT,ON FOR STANDARDIZATION~ME~YHAPOIIHAR OP~AHH3Al,HR llOCTAHW’TH3AlJlbWORGANlSATlON INTERNATIONALE DE NORMALISATION Information processing - Coding of machine readable characters (MICR and OCR) Traitement de I’information - Codage des jeux de caracthres pour reconnaissance automatishe (MICR et ROCI Second edition - 1963-05-15 UDC 631.3.046 Ref. No. ISO2033-1963 (E) Descriptors : data processing, character sets, coded representation, OCR-A character sets, OCR-B character sets, magnetic recognition. 1 z Price based on 11 pages This is a preview of "ISO 2033:1983". Click here to purchase the full version from the ANSI store. Foreword IS0 (the International Organization for Standardization) is a worldwide federation of national standards bodies (IS0 member bodies). The work of developing International Standards is carried out through IS0 technical committees. Every member body interested in a subject for which a technical committee has been authorized has the right to be represented on that committee. International organizations, governmental and non-governmental, in liaison with ISO, also take part in the work. Draft International Standards adopted by the technical committees are circulated to the member bodies for approval before their acceptance as International Standards by the IS0 Council. International Standard IS0 2033 was developed by Technical Committee ISO/TC 97, Information processing systems, and was circulated to the member bodies in February 1982. It has been approved by the member bodies of the following countries: Belgium Hungary South Africa, Rep. -
Measuring Orthographic Transparency and Morphological-Syllabic Complexity in Alphabetic Orthographies: a Narrative Review
Read Writ DOI 10.1007/s11145-017-9741-5 Measuring orthographic transparency and morphological-syllabic complexity in alphabetic orthographies: a narrative review Elisabeth Borleffs1 · Ben A. M. Maassen1 · Heikki Lyytinen2,3 · Frans Zwarts1 © The Author(s) 2017. This article is an open access publication Abstract This narrative review discusses quantitative indices measuring differences between alphabetic languages that are related to the process of word recognition. The specific orthography that a child is acquiring has been identified as a central element influencing reading acquisition and dyslexia. However, the development of reliable metrics to measure differences between language scripts hasn’t received much attention so far. This paper therefore reviews metrics proposed in the literature for quantifying orthographic transparency, syllabic complexity, and morphological complexity of alphabetic languages. The review included searches of Web of Science, PubMed, Psy- chInfo, Google Scholar, and various online sources. Search terms pertained to orthographic transparency, morphological complexity, and syllabic complexity in relation to reading acquisition, and dyslexia. Although the predictive value of these metrics is promising, more research is needed to validate the value of the metrics discussed and to understand the ‘developmental footprint’ of orthographic transparency, morphological complexity, and syllabic complexity in the lexical organization and processing strategies. & Elisabeth Borleffs [email protected] Ben A. M. Maassen [email protected] Heikki Lyytinen heikki.j.lyytinen@jyu.fi; http://heikki.lyytinen.info Frans Zwarts [email protected] 1 Center for Language and Cognition Groningen (CLCG), School of Behavioral and Cognitive Neurosciences (BCN), University of Groningen, P.O. Box 716, 9700 AS Groningen, The Netherlands 2 Department of Psychology, University of Jyva¨skyla¨, P.O. -
SA Layout SAV3942
PUBLISHED WEEKLY BY THE AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS INSTITUTE 25 West 43rd Street, NY, NY 10036 VOL. 39, #42 October 17, 2008 Contents American National Standards Call for Comment on Standards Proposals ................................................. 2 Call for Comment Contact Information ........................................................ 14 Call for Members (ANS Consensus Bodies)................................................ 16 Final Actions .................................................................................................. 19 Project Initiation Notification System (PINS)............................................... 21 International Standards ISO Draft Standards....................................................................................... 25 IEC Newly Published Standards ................................................................... 26 Proposed Foreign Government Regulations................................................. 28 Information Concerning .................................................................................. 29 American National Standards Call for comment on proposals listed This section solicits public comments on proposed draft new American National Standards, including the national adoption of Ordering Instructions for "Call-for-Comment" Listings ISO and IEC standards as American National Standards, and on 1. Order from the organization indicated for the specific proposals to revise, reaffirm or withdraw approval of existing proposal. American National Standards. A draft -
Dialectal Gemination in Finnish: Phonetics/Phonology Interplay in Moraic Theory
Dialectal gemination in Finnish: Phonetics/phonology interplay in moraic theory Christopher Spahr Forum Paper Submitted in partial fulfillment of the degree of Master of Arts University of Toronto c 2011 Christopher Spahr Contents Contents i Acknowledgments iii 1 Introduction 1 1.1 FinnishPhonology ....................... 3 1.2 Gemination and Degemination . 7 2 Gemination: A Dialectal Phenomenon 11 2.1 “Standard Finnish” and Finnish Dialects . 12 2.2 An Informal Typology of Dialectal Gemination . 15 2.2.1 Phonetic Gemination . 16 2.2.2 Phonemic Gemination . 17 2.2.3 Morphological Gemination . 21 2.2.4 Summary ........................ 22 3 Moraic Structure 23 3.1 MoraCountandMoraicTheory . 24 i ii CONTENTS 3.2 SecondMoraLengthening . 30 3.3 DefiningtheMora: Whatdoesitdo? . 33 3.3.1 LengthandDuration . 33 3.3.2 Weight and Timing . 34 4 Second Mora Lengthening and Primary Gemination 37 4.1 EvidenceforaCorrelation . 38 4.2 Modeling Primary Gemination . 40 4.2.1 APreviousAccount .................. 42 4.2.2 TheSynchronicConnection . 45 4.2.3 Gemination Before Diphthongs . 49 4.2.4 GradientEffects: AModelforChange . 57 4.2.5 Summary ........................ 59 5 Additional Issues and Closing Remarks 61 5.1 FurtherTheoreticalIssues . 61 5.1.1 Underlying Representations . 62 5.1.2 Segmental Phonology and Syllabification . 63 5.1.3 PhoneticInterpretation. 65 5.2 Conclusions ........................... 66 5.3 DirectionsforFutureResearch. 67 References 69 Acknowledgments Writing a forum paper is not an easy task, or at least so the clich´egoes. Actually I found it quite manageable, though by no means trivial; the real challenge was making it to the forum meetings at 9 o’clock every Tuesday morning. Nonetheless, there are some people I should mention who made the process easier.