Contemporary Indie Films As Catalyst for Socio-Political Consciousness

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Contemporary Indie Films As Catalyst for Socio-Political Consciousness University of the Philippines Manila College of Arts and Sciences Passion to Prestige: Contemporary Indie Films as Catalyst for Socio-Political Consciousness A Full Seminar Paper Presented to Dr. Jinky del Prado-Lu Adviser In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts in Political Science Apple Barbero BA Political Science 201051161 UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES MANILA COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES APPROVAL SHEET This, Full Seminar Paper, PASSION TO PRESTIGE: CONTEMPORARY INDIE FILMS AS CATALYST FOR SOCIO-POLITICAL CONSCIOUSNESS, written by Apple Barbero, is presented to the Department of Social Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, University of the Philippines Manila. This Seminar Paper has been examined and is recommended for acceptance in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree Bachelor of Arts in Political Science. Dr. Jinky Leilanie del Prado-Lu Adviser Professor Sharon A. Caringal, MA Chair, Department of Social Sciences College of Arts and Sciences, UP Manila 2| P a g e ACKNOWLEDGEMENT To start with, the impetus for this study came from the various indie films I have seen thus far. The art and politics combined in an indie film make it very avant-garde yet brilliantly crafted. I salute every professional and budding indie film makers who admirably create mind-provoking films remaining true to its core principles. I do hope you carry on the unreserved tradtion of the craft. I wouldn’t have able to fulfill and manage to get through with this study if it were not for the great help of the people from the film academe who contributed a lot to substantiate the research; I owe you much, big time! To UP Diliman College of Mass Communication Dean Roland Tolentino, who gave his expert insights in an in-depth 15-minute interview despite his busy schedule; to UP Film Institute Professor Nick de Ocampo, who is an epitome of an indie film maker and scholar honed by passion and is genuine to the principles of indie film making; and to UP Manila Department of Arts and Communication Professor Rose Roque, who made me think of the complex discourse an indie film has, I am grateful to you Profs, my highest respect! To UP Manila Philippine Arts students and UP Diliman Film students, who willingly responded to the survey I conducted, thanks guys! To Dr. Jinky Leilanie del Prado-Lu, our Seminar Paper Class Adviser, who challenged us to our limits. I would always be superbly thankful to you Dr. Lu for sharing your research expertise; for your constant reminder to put our best-est and hardest efforts and to commit ourselves in fulfilling this endeavor. Through you Dr.Lu, I appreciate and enjoy extensive research a lot, thank you po! I would also like to thank my parents for their unwavering support in whatever good I’m into. To my U.P. comrades- Faith, Ely, Ogie, Danielle, Sarrah, Cey, Jessa, Kamille, DJ, Michelle, Ange and to those who I have failed to mention because of sudden amnesia, you made my stay in U.P. just as superb! I would like to thank God, who promulgates humanity rather than doctrines and rules, if at all, this God exists. I want to thank you for giving me the free will to think things in an all-encompassing perspective and act upon it. I do humbly dedicate this to all of you! Thank you! 3| P a g e Abstract The researcher investigates the nuances within contemporary indie film making in the Philippines from its production up until screening. In the course of the study, the researcher aims to answer the main question whether contemporary indie film is an effective medium in establishing socio- political awareness as well as rendering action for solutions among its audience regarding the pertinent and critical social issues it raise. Using Gramsci’s Theory of Hegemony and Baudry’s Apparatus Theory as the theoretical framework as well as Blumer’s Symbolic Interactionism as the methodological framework, this study intends to understand how indie films, influence and facilitates, if at all, the consciousness of its audience and trigger them to be engage on possible resolutions of pressing issues the film presents. In the pursuit of giving corresponding answer and justifications on the main research question, the researcher gathered qualitative and quantitative data through related literature, key expert interviews with UP Diliman College of Mass Communication Dean Roland Tolentino, UP Film Institute Professor Nick de Ocampo and UP Manila Arts and Communication Professor Rose Roque; and survey among UP Diliman and UP Manila students. The major findings of the study are as follows, contemporary indie film deviates from the not- for-profit and advocacy principles of indie film making through the huge mismatch on the audience reach and screening venue which circulates among intellectual crowd and “paying” audience; the lack of engagement of audience in possible solutions of issues concerned; and the danger of sensationalism on the part of film makers creating social-realist films for it is a trend in film making. The gathered data were analyzed and validated through triangulation of data from literature, expert interviews and survey. However, the researcher has not incorporated the insights of contemporary indie film practitioners due to availability and convenience in schedule and it is deemed as the limitation of this study. Key Words: Contemporary Independent Films, socio-political consciousness, social-realist films, audience engagement, counter-hegemon, senasationalism, audience mismatch, screening mismatch 4| P a g e TABLE OF CONTENTS Approval Sheet-----------------------------------------------------------------------------2 Acknowledgement-------------------------------------------------------------------------3 Abstract--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------4 Table of Contents---------------------------------------------------------------------------5 Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------6-7 Rationale-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7 Research Questions and Research Objectives------------------------------------7-8 Review of Related Literature--------------------------------------------------------9-10 Situationer----------------------------------------------------------------------------------11 Theoretical, Conceptual and Methodological Framework------------------11-14 Indicators-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------15 Scope and Limitations-------------------------------------------------------------------16 Ethical Considerations-------------------------------------------------------------------16 Methodology--------------------------------------------------------------------------16-19 Data Presentation--------------------------------------------------------------------19-24 Data Analysis--------------------------------------------------------------------------24-29 Conclusion and Recommendations----------------------------------------------30-31 Appendices----------------------------------------------------------------------------31-51 Bibliography------------------------------------------------------------------------------53 5| P a g e I. Introduction Philippine Independent Cinema or Film was born during 1950s (de Ocampo 2013). According to de Ocampo (2013), independent films along with mainstream films were renowned and acknowledge as very much part of the Philippine Film Industry in 1950s-1960s. It continued its tradition up until the Martial Law period towards the end of 1980s. When Marcos ordered media studios and companies to shutdown, there were film makers who went underground. They still produce films using 35mm celluloid at that time. It contained radical positions and critiques against Marcos administration such as human rights violations, freedom of the press suppression, Indigenous Peoples concern with regard to their ancestral lands and the like and they screen it in communities. There were established underground political film groups during 1980s (post Martial Law years) like Kodao, Tudla, Southern Tagalog Exposure and Mayday which directly exposed critical issues against the government which up until now is still operating and very much active in doing advocacy films (Roque 2013). At the advent of 1990s, digital cinema came in South East Asian countries particularly in the Philippines (Tolentino 2000s). Consequently, the resounding buzz created by “prestigious” Foreign Film Festivals/Conventions and/or Competitions (i.e. in Cannes, Berlin, Toronto, Busan etc) and even local film fests (such as Cinemalaya) in the field of Independent film making, revive the impetus for film production of professional and budding indie film makers in the Philippines thus, the rise of contemporary indie films. This created hype in film making which induced film makers to produce and compete their films. Independent film as articulated by film scholars, is an alternative medium to mainstream film deemed to convey pertinent and critical social issues confronted by the marginalized sectors within our society instead of depicting conventional film formulas such as drama, slapstick, violence, romance etcetera. These are digital, low-cost, social-realist, for-advocacy and independently produced films outside the mainstream media conglomerate such as Star Cinema, Regal Films, Viva Films or GMA films etcetera (Gutierrez 2012). Independent films challenge the grand narratives of known
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