The Centenary of the First Dáil 21st January 1919
Commemorated by Cork County Council on 21st January 2019
at a Special Meeting convened by the Mayor of the County of Cork Cllr. Patrick Gerard Murphy Comóradh Céad Bliain den Chéad Dáil An 21 Eanáir, 1919
Tugtha chun cuimhne ag Comhairle Contae Chorcaí Ag tionól speisialta a ghairm Méara Chontae Chorcaí an Comhairleoir Patrick Gerard Murphy FOREWORD Réamhrá
BY MAYOR OF THE COUNTY OF ó Méara Chontae Chorcaí, CORK CLLR. PATRICK GERARD an Comhairleoir Patrick Gerard Murphy, MURPHY AND agus an Príomhfheidhmeannach CHIEF EXECUTIVE OF CORK de Comhairle Contae Chorcaí COUNTY COUNCIL TIM LUCEY an tUasal Tim Lucey
As citizens of Ireland, today is a special Is lá speisialta é seo duinn mar day when we commemorate the Shaoránaigh na hÉireann, nuair a centenary of the First Dáil, which took chuimhnímid comóradh céad bhliain an place in the Mansion House in Dublin Chéad Dáil, a tharla i dTeach an Ard- on Tuesday, the 21st of January, 1919. Mhéara i mBaile Átha Cliath Dé Máirt, an 21ú Eanáir, 1919.
This was a most momentous occasion, Ba seo ócáid an-tábhachtach, rud a chuir which resolutely conveyed Ireland’s in iúl go diongbháilte an chreideamh firm belief in the ownership of its own laidir atá ag Éireann in úinéireacht a destiny by having a government of the chinniúint féin trí rialtas na daoine, ag na people, by the people, for the people. daoine, ar son na daoine. Is lá a bhí ann It was a day when Ireland stood up to nuair a sheas Éire suas le chomhaireamh be counted among the Nations of the i measc Náisiún an Domhain - lá a World - a day that draws our attention tharraingíonn ár n-aird leis an bhród with the utmost pride and belief. agus an creideamh is mó.
Cork is proud of the role it has played Tá Corcaigh bródúil as an ról a bhí aice, and continues to play in the story of agus an ról atá aice fós i scéal na hÉireann. Ireland. Of the 73 Seats in the First As na 73 suíocháin ins an Chéad Dáil bhí Dáil, nine representatives were from 9 ionadaithe ó Corcaigh, lena n-áirítear; Cork; these being: Michael Collins Mícheál Ó Coileáin(Corcaigh Theas); (Cork South); Seán Hayes (Cork West), Seán Ó hAodha (Iarthair Chorcaí); Tomás Thomas Hunter (Cork North East), Ó Fiachra (Corcaigh Thoir Thuaidh); David Kent (Cork East), Diarmuid Lynch Dáithí Ceannt (Oirthear Chorcaí); (Cork South East), Terence MacSwiney Diarmuid Ó Loingsigh (Corcaigh Thoir (Mid-Cork), Pádraig O’Keeffe (Cork Theas); Toirdhealbhach Mac Suibhne North) and Liam De Róiste and J.J. (Corcaigh Lárnach); Pádraig Ó Caoimh Walsh, both Cork City. From these (Corcaigh Thuaidh), agus Liam De Róiste historic beginnings to the present day, & JJ Breatnach araon i Cathair Chorcaí. representatives of the County of Cork Ón tús stairiúil sin go dtí an lá inniu have continued to serve the people of leanann ionadaithe ó Contae Chorcaí ag Ireland with distinction at both the local obair chuig ardchaighdeán ar son daoine and national level. na hÉireann ag leibhéal áitiúla agus leibhéal náisiúnta.
One hundred years ago today, the Chéad bliain ó shin bhí Liam R Ceannt Cathaoirleach of Cork County Council ina Cathaoirleach ar Comhairle Contae
1 was none other than William R. Kent, Chorcaí . Bhí se ina deartháir le Tomás brother of Thomas Kent and Richard agus Risteard Ceannt a fuair bás ar son Kent, who had both died for Ireland, na tíre, agus deartháir freisin le Dáithí and brother of David Kent –Cork Ceannt – Ionadaí do Oirthear Chorcaí sa East’s representation in the first Dáil chéad Dáil. Bhí Comóradh Chéad Bliain Éireann. Their mother Mary Rice Kent de bás Mary Rice Kent, máthair de na fir was commemorated in this Council seo, i Seomra na Chomhairle i Mí Eanáir Chamber on the Centenary of her 2017. Tá súil againn do mbeadh Liam R. passing in January 2017 and it is hoped Ceannt bródúil, mar iar-Cathaoirleach, that William R. Kent would have looked as an Chomhairle seo agus an cruinniú upon today with pride as the Council speisialta seo atá curtha ar siúl againn that he once chaired himself, gathered chun aitheantas a thabhairt do gach in a special meeting, to remember and rud a rinneadar ar son na tíre seo céad admire all that was done for Ireland one bliain ó shin, agus déanfaimíd iarracht an hundred years ago – endeavouring to oidhreacht sin a leanúint. ensure this as a lasting legacy.
Here in the County of Cork there is Anseo i gContae Chorcaí tá bród an unsurpassed pride in our history neamh-sáraithe againn inár stair agus ar and heritage and in 2018 this was ár n-oidhreacht agus i 2018 aithníodh recognised on the national level, with é seo ar leibhéal náisiúnta, nuair a ‘Community Commemorations in the bhuaigh Contae Chorcaí an Gradam County of Cork’ winning Best National “Tionscnamh Pobail Náisiúnta is Fearr” Community Initiative at the IPB and lenár ‘Comóradh Pobail i gContae LAMA Community and Council Awards. Chorcaí’ ag na Gradaim Pobail agus Cork County Council, and particularly Comhairle 2018 curtha ar siúl ag IPB through its Commemorations & LAMA. Leanfaidh Comhairle Contae Committee, will continue to have a firm Chorcaí, go háirithe tríd an gCoiste regard for the county’s and indeed the Comórtha, go mbeidh meas láidir ar nation’s historic moments and today is a chuimhneacháin stairiúla an chontae most fitting event in this regard. agus an tír , agus inniu imeacht feiliúnaí maidir leis seo.
Today we look back with pride on the Feicimíd siar inniu le bród ar an Chéad sitting of the First Dáil and discuss how Dáil , agus pléimid cé chomh faide as atá far we have come, as we embark upon muid tar éis teacht, agus muidne ag dul the next one hundred years of history ar aghaidh sa todhcaí chuig an céad éile lena chéile. lena chéile.
2 THE FIRST DÁIL: An Chéad Dail:
Democracy is described as ‘a system of Déantar cur síos ar an daonlathas mar government in which people choose their ‘córas rialtais ina roghnaíonn daoine a rulers by voting for them in elections’ . gcuid rialtóirí trí vótáil dóibh i dtoghcháin’. This is precisely what occurred in Ireland Is é seo go díreach an méid a tharla in in December 1918, leading to the sitting Éirinn i mí na Nollag 1918, agus mar of the First Dáil on Tuesday 21st of thoradh ar seo, do shuigh an Chéad Dáil January, 1919. ar an Máirt 2ú Eanáir, 1919.
Following the enacting of the Tar éis an tAcht um ‘Ionadaíocht an ‘Representation of the People Act 1918’ Phobail 1918’ a achtú níos luaithe sa earlier in the year, the 1918 Election on bhliain, ba é Toghchán ar an 14ú Nollag December 14th was the first time that all 1918 an chéad uair a raibh an ceart ag men over the age of 21, and women over gach fear os cionn 21 bliain d’aois agus the age of 30, had the right to cast a vote mná os cionn 30 bliain d’aois, a vóta a or indeed stand for British Parliament. chaitheamh, nó go deimhin seasamh On Election day, December 14th 1918, do Pharlaimint na Breataine. Ar lá an the Women and Men of Ireland spoke. Toghcháin, 14ú Nollag 1918, labhair Mná agus Fir na hÉireann.
Of the 707 Seats available in the British As na 707 Suíochán a bhí ar fáil i Parliament, 105 seats were to be bParlaimint na Breataine, bhí 105 filled from across the island of Ireland. suíochán le líonadh ó oileán na hÉireann. There was a Unionist majority in the Bhí tromlach ag na nAontachtaithe sa North and the Irish Parliamentary Party Tuaisceart agus bhí an-chuid tacaíochta le had seen much support in previous Páirtí Parlaiminte na hÉireann sna blianta decades; however, it was those with beaga roimhe sin; áfach, i 1918, bhuaigh Republican beliefs that won the majority na iarrthóirí le idéal Poblachtach formhór of seats in the 1918 Election. Ireland’s na suíochán sa Toghchán. Bhuaigh Páirtí Republican Party, Sinn Féin, won 73 Poblachtach na hÉireann, Sinn Féin, Seats, with the Irish Unionist Party and 73 Suíochán, Níor bhuaigh an Páirtí Irish Parliamentary Party securing only Aontachtach na hÉireann agus Páirtí a combined 32 seats (26 and 6 seats Parlaiminte na hÉireann ach 32 suíochán respectively). In keeping with the Election idir eatarthu (26 agus 6 suíochán faoi Manifesto and having run their campaign seach). De Réir an Forógra Toghcháin on a platform of self-determination , Sinn a bhí acu, agus tar éis a bhfeachtas a Féin decided on 19 December 1918 to reáchtáil ar ardán féinchinntithe, rinne establish Dáil Éireann, refusing to take Sinn Féin cinneadh ar an 19ú Nollag up their seats in Westminster. 1918 Dáil Éireann a bhunú, ag diúltú a gcuid suíochán a thógáil i Westminster.
3 The First Dáil had a number of notable Bhí roinnt ionadaithe suntasacha ag an representatives from Cork - nine men gCéad Dáil ó Chorcaigh - naoi ndaoine in total. These were Michael Collins san iomlán. Ba iad seo Micheál Ó Coileáin (Cork South); Seán Hayes (Cork West), (Corcaigh Theas); Seán Ó hAodha Thomas Hunter (Cork North East), David (Corcaigh Thiar), Tomás Ó Fiachra Kent (Cork East), Diarmuid Lynch (Cork (Corcaigh Thoir Thuaidh), Dáithí Ceannt South East), Terence MacSwiney (Mid- (Corcaigh Thoir), Diarmuid Ó Loingsigh Cork), Pádraig O’Keeffe (Cork North), (Corcaigh Thoir Theas), Toirdhealbhach and Liam De Róiste and J.J. Walsh, both Mac Suibhne (Corcaigh-Lárnach), Pádraig Cork City. All ran unopposed in the O’Caoimh (Corcaigh Thuaidh), agus Liam Election with the exception of Liam De De Róiste & JJ Ó Breathnach, ó gCathair Róiste and J.J. Walsh; both nonetheless Chorcaí araon. Bhí gach iarrthóir tofa receiving an overwhelming number of gan iomaíocht seachas Liam De Róiste votes. Although Dáil Éireann had nine agus J.J. Breatnach; áfach, fuaireadar líon Cork representatives, only J.J. Walsh and mór vótaí. Cé go raibh naoi n-ionadaí de Seán Hayes were present at the First chuid Chorcaí ag Dáil Éireann, ní raibh Dáil meeting of January 21st, 1919. ach J.J. Breathnach agus Seán Ó hAodha Surprisingly or unsurprisingly, perhaps, i láthair ag an gcéad chruinniú den Dáil only 27 T.D.s were in attendance - ar an 21ú Eanáir, 1919. Mar abhar accounts showing that 35 were in jail iontais ní raibh ach 27 T.D i láthair ar an including Cork’s Pádraig O’Keeffe; lá - Léiríonn cuntais go raibh 35 TD as Terence MacSwiney and Thomas Hunter, an 105 sa phríosún, Pádraig O’Caoimh, and a further 4 T.D.’s had been deported Toirdhealbhach Mac Suibhne agus Tomás including Cork’s Diarmuid Lynch. Ó Fiachra ó Chorcaí san áireamh; agus 4 TD eile a dhíbirt, lena n-áirítear Diarmuid Ó Loingsigh, ó Chorcaí.
The historic meeting of the First Dáil Thosnaigh an cruinniú stairiúil den Chéad on Tuesday 21st of January 1919 Dáil ar an Máirt 21ú Eanáir 1919 ag 15:30 commenced at 15:30 and was held in agus tionóladh í trí nGaeilge. Tar éis Cathal Irish. After nominating Cathal Brugha Brugha a ainmniú mar Cheann Comhairle as Ceann Comhairle and then having agus tar éis ‘Bunreacht Shealadach’ gairid passed a short ‘Provisional Constitution’, a faofa, léíodh Dearbhú Neamhspleáchais a Declaration of Independence was os ard, i nGaeilge, i bhFraincis agus ansin read aloud, in Irish, then French and i mBéarla. Roghnaíodh Triúr Teachtaí then English. Three Deputies (Eamon (Eamon De Valera; S. N. Pluincéad agus De Valera; George Noble Plunkett and Art Ó Gríobhtha) chun ionadaíocht a Arthur Griffith) were chosen to represent dhéanamh ar son Éirinn ag cainteanna Ireland at upcoming international peace síochána idirnáisiúnta a bhi ag teacht
4 talks and a ‘Message to the Free Nations suas tá le teacht agus cuireadh “Scéal of the World’ was then read aloud, again ó Dháil Éireann chun Saor-Náisiún an in the order of Irish, French and English. Domhain’’ a léamh os ard, in ord Gaeilge, The Dáil’s Democratic Programme – Fraincís agus Béarla. Cuireadh tús le Clár primarily a series of economic and social Daonlathach na Dála - sraith prionsabail principles - was then iterated and the eacnamaíochta agus sóisialta go príomha meeting concluded thereafter with a - agus ansin chríochnaigh an cruinniú ina resolution to reconvene the following dhiaidh sin le rún chun an chéad lá eile a day at the same time. ath-thionóil ag an am céanna.
It had been a relatively short meeting Is cruinniú réasúnta gearr a bhí ann but a monumental one. Ireland had for ach ceann suntasach. Bhí Éire ag some time sought its Independence and lorg neamhspleáchas ar feadh tamaill the past had borne witness to many a agus san t-am roimhe sin bhí go leor conflict; however, Ireland had also been coimhlinte; áfach, bhí an-eolas ag Éirinn very much aware of its own identity and ar a chéannacht féin agus d’éirigh le the prospects of self-governance now hiarmhairtí féin-rialachais an tír a líonadh filled the country with hope. Those in le dóchas. Ní raibh na daoine sin sa the First Dáil were there, not through Chéad Dáil ann trí chogadh nó coimhlint, war or conflict, but through peaceful ach trí mheán daonlathach síochánta, democratic means, elected by the people arna dtoghadh ag pobal na hÉireann. Níor of Ireland. The First Dáil, however, was cheadaigh Údaráis na Breataine an Chéad not approved of by British Authorities Dáil, áfach, agus tar éis tamaill bhí se and was shortly after outlawed, together eisreachtaithe, mar aon le heagraíochtaí with notable Irish National Organisations náisiúnta suntasacha Éireannacha eile, such as Cumann na mBan, the Irish cosúil le Cumann na mBan, Óglaigh na Volunteers and the Sinn Féin Republican hÉireann agus Páirtí Poblachtach Sinn Party. It seemed inevitable that further Féin. Bhí sé dosheachanta go mbeadh conflict would ensue, as noted by coimhlint bhreise ann, mar a léirigh Michael Collins later in 1919 when he Micheál Ó Coileáin ina dhiaidh sin i 1919 said, “All ordinary peaceful methods are nuair a dúirt sé, “Tá gach gnáth-mhodh ended and we shall be taking the only síochánta críochnaithe anois agus beidh alternative actions in a short while now”. muid ag glacadh na ghníomhartha malartacha go gairid”.
On Monday, January 21st 2019, we Ar an Luan, 21ú Eanáir 2019, is remember the meeting of the First Dáil, cuimhin linn cruinniú an Chéad Dáil, but we too remember the centenary of ach cuimhnímid freisin na lámhaigh ag the shootings at Soloheadbeg in County Sulchóid Bheag i gContae Tiobraid Árann
5 Tipperary, which, and the ambush at a tharla céad bhliain ó shin, i dteannta Béal A’Gleanna in West Cork 6 months leis an luíochán ag Béal An Ghleanna in earlier, were to signal only the beginning Iarthar Chorcaí 6 mhí roimhe sin, is iad of what will be the commemorative focus seo na comhartha luath de tús a bheidh over the coming years – the Anglo-Irish mar fhócas cuimhneacháin sna blianta War of Independence and subsequent atá le teacht - Cogadh na Saoirse Angla- Irish Civil War. Éireannach agus Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann ina dhiaidh sin.
Ireland today is observing its 32nd Dáil Tá Éire inniu ag breathnú ar a 32ú and Local Authorities over the years Dáil agus ag Údaráis Áitiúla thar na have had many Councils; Councils blianta go raibh go leor Comhairlí aige; that supported Dáil Éireann on the Comhairlí a thug tacaíocht do Dháil ground within only one to two years Éireann ar an talamh laistigh de bhliain following the establishment of Dáil amháin nó dhá bhliain tar éis bhunú Éireann. Indeed, following the Elections Dháil Éireann. Go deimhin, tar éis na of 1920 ‘some 91% of the Municipal dToghcháin de 1920, d’aithin 91% de and County Councils recognized the na Comhairlí Contae agus Bardasacha Irish Government and declared they no Dáil Éireann agus dhearbhaigh siad longer gave allegiance to the English nach raibh siad dílseacht do Rialtas na Government’ . Cork County Council Breataine a thuilleadh. Ghlac Comhairle adopted such a resolution on the 19th of Contae Chorcaí rún den sórt sin ar an June, 1920 with Dómhnall Ó Ceallacháin 19ú Meitheamh, 1920 le Dómhnall Ó as Cathaorlach, preceded by William R. Ceallacháin mar Cathaorlach, agus roimh Kent (1918-1920). sin Liam R. Ceannt (1918-1920).
Much has happened in Irish politics Tá alán tar éis tarlú síos tríd na blianta i over the years but reflecting on the first bpolaitíocht na hÉireann, ach, agus sí ag Dáil, Mary MacSwiney, sister of Terence smaoineamh ar an gcéad Dáil, dúirt Maire MacSwiney, noted ‘they immediately Nic Suibhne, deirfiúr Toirdhealbhach compiled statistics as to the conditions Mac Suibhne, gur chuir siad staidreamh of the fisheries and of agriculture, and le chéile maidir le coinníollacha na the condition of the ports, and the n-iascach agus na talmhaíochta, agus na improvements that could be made… gcalafoirt, agus moltaí faoi feabhsuithe [concluding] they have done all the a d’fhéadfaí a dhéanamh ... [agus íag ordinary work of Government, and have críochnú] rinne siad gnáth-obair an done it very well and very effectively’. Rialtais go léir, agus rinne siad é go han- Ireland can look back upon, and be mhaith agus go héifeachtach ‘. Is féidir le proud of, Ireland’s First Dáil, as it was hÉirinn breathnú siar ar Chéad Dáil na
6 one hundred years ago. As noted in hÉireann, agus a bheith bródúil as, mar ‘The Catholic Bulletin’ of January 1919: a bhí sé céad bliain ó shin. Mar a luadh i ‘Ireland has turned her back on the Land ‘The Catholic Bulletin’ i Eanáir 1919: ‘Tá of Bondage and her face to the Land of Éire tar éis a drom a iompar ar Thalamh Promise. She has waived aside those who na braighdeanas agus a aghaidh a iompar would remind her of the crumbs and the chuig an Talamh Geallta. Tharscaoileadh flesh-pots. She has arisen to claim her sí iad siúd a chuirfeadh na grabhróga destiny’ . We are now her custodians – agus na potaí feola i gcuimhne di. Tháinig may we journey well. sí chun a cinniúint a éileamh ‘. Táimid anois ina chaomhnóirí - go bhféadfaimis taisteal go maith.
“It is not those who can inflict the most, “Ní h-iad na daoine gur bhféidir leo but those that can suffer the most who an méid is mó dochar a dhéanamh a will conquer.” chloífeadh, ach na daoine atá ag fulaingt is mó .” Terence MacSwiney Toirdhealbhach Mac Suibhne
References Tagairtí:
Collins (2018) Collins English Dictionary 13th Edn. Collins, Glasgow. Coyle, Albert (1921) Evidence on Conditions in Ireland. American Commission, Washington D.C. Dwyer, T. Ryle P.160 (2001) Tans, Terror and Troubles. Mercier Press, Cork. Coyle, Albert (1921) Evidence on Conditions in Ireland. American Commission, Washington D.C. P.244 (The Catholic Bulletin Vol. 9, Jan 1919, No. 1, pp. 10-11) Dwyer, T. Ryle (2001) Tans, Terror and Troubles. Mercier Press, Cork. MacSwiney, Terence (1921) Principles of Freedom. Talbot Press, Dublin. Shiels, Damian (2016) Heritage Centenary Sites of Rebel County Cork. Cork County Council, Cork. The Catholic Bulletin, “The Catholic Bulletin,” Local Studies Digital Library, accessed January 4, 2019, https://www.corklocalstudies.ie/items/show/5241
7 Resolution by Cork County Council recognising Dáil Éireann on 19 June 1920
Rún ó Comhairle Contae Chorcaí ag tabhairt aithint do Dháil Éireann ar an 19ú Meitheamh 1920
8 Constitution of the First Dáil Bunreacht Dála Éireann
(adopted by Dáil Éireann on 21 January 1919, remaining in force for four additional years)
Article 1 An Cheud Alt. All legislative powers shall be Beidh iomlán comhachta chun dlighthe vested in Dail Eireann, composing of dheunamh ag Dáil Éireann agus isé Deputies, elected by the Irish people bheidh san Dáil ná teachtaí toghtha ag from the existing Irish Parliamentary muintir na hÉireann ó sna dáilcheanntair constituencies. atá san tír fé láthair.
Article 2 An Dara hAlt (a) All executive powers shall be vested (a) Beidh iomlán comhachta gnímh éan in the members, for the time being, of tráth aca so a bheidh I bhfeadhmannus the Ministry. san Aireacht an tráth soin. (b) The Ministry shall consist of a (b) Isé bheidh san Aireacht ná Príomh- President of the Ministry, elected aireach, toghtha ag Dáil Éireann, agus by Dail Eireann, and four Executive ceathrar Aireach eile, eadhon: Officers, viz.; Aireach Airgid. A Secretary of Finance Aireach Gnóthaí Dúthchais. A Secretary of Home Affairs Aireach Gnóthaí Coigcríoch. A Secretary of Foreign Affairs Aireach Cosanta A Secretary of National Defence Isé an Príomh-Aireach ainmneochaidh each of whom the President shall an ceathrar Aireach eile, agus beidh nominate and have power to dismiss. de chomhacht aige iad do chur as (c) Every member of the Ministry shall feadhmannus. be a member of Dail Eireann, and shall (c) Is éigean do gach Aireach bheith at all times be responsible to the Dail. n-a Theachta san Dáil agus beidh sé (d) At the first meeting of Dail Eireann freagarthach I gcomhnuidhe don Dáil. after their nomination by the President, (d) Is éigean ainmneacha na nAireach the names of the Executive Officers do chur fé bhrághaid na Dála ag an shall be separately submitted to Dail gceud thionól taréis don Phríomh- Eireann for approval. Aireach a n-ainmniughadh, I gcóir a (e) The appointment of the President ndeimhnighthe. shall date from his election, and the (e) Beidh an príomh-Aireach I appointment of each Executive Officer bhfeadhmannus chomh luath is a from the date of the approval by the thoghfar é, agus beidh na hAirigh Dail of his nomination. eile I bhfeadhmannus chomh luath (f) The Ministry or any member thereof agus a dheimhneóchaidh an Dáil a may at any time be removed by vote of n-ainmneacha. the Dail upon motion for that specific (f) Is féidir don Dáil an Aireacht nó purpose, provided that at least seven éan duine desna hAirigh do chur as
9 days’ notice in writing of that motion feadhmhannus le neart bhótaí má shall have been given. chuirtear foláramh rúin fé scríbhinn d’éan toisc chuige sin isteach seacht lá Article 3 roimh ré. A Chairman elected annually by the Dail, and in his absence a Deputy Chairman An Tríomhadh Alt. so elected, shall preside at all meetings Ceann Comhairle toghtha ag an Dáil I of Dail Eireann. Only members of the naghaidh na bliadhna, nó Ceann Ionaid Dail shall be eligible for these offices. toghtha I naghaidh na bliadhna, muna In case of the absence of the Chairman mbíonn an Ceann Comhailre I láthair, a and Deputy Chairman the Dail shall bheidh I gceannas gach tionóil den Dáil. fill the vacancies or elect a temporary Ní bheidh I gceannas infheadhma I gcóir Chairman. na n-ionad so acht Teachtaí de’n Dáil. Má bhíonn an Ceann Comhairle agus Article 4 an Ceann Ionaid as láthair, ceapfaidh All monies required by the Ministry an Dáil lucht ionaid nó toghfaidh siad shall be obtained on vote of the Dail. Ceann Comhairle sealadach. The Ministry shall be responsible to the Dail for all monies so obtained, and An Ceathramhadh Alt. shall present properly audited accounts Gheobhaidh an tAireach pé airgead for the expenditure of the same -twice bheidh uaidh de bhárr bhóta na Dála. yearly- in the months of May and Beidh an tAireach freagarthach don Dáil November. The audit shall be conducted san airgead a gheobhfar mar sin agus by an Auditor or Auditors appointed by leagfaidh sé cúntaisí mionscrúduighthe the Dail. No member of the Dail shall be ar chaitheamh an airgid fé bhrághaid eligible for such appointment. na Dála dhá uair sa bhliadhain – um Shamhain is um Bealtaine. Scrúdaidhe Article 5 nó Scrúdaidhthe toghtha ag an Dáil a This Constitution is provisional and is dheunfaidh an mionscrúdadh. Ní féidir liable to alteration upon seven days éin Teachta den Dáil do thoghadh mar written notice of motion for that Scrúdaidhe. specific purpose. An Cúigmhadh Alt. Bunreacht sealadach é seo agus is féidir é d’atharughadh ach foláramh fé scríbhinn do thabhairt d’éan toisc chuige sin, seacht lá roimh ré.
10 Message to the Scéal ó Dháil Éireann Free Nations of the World chum Saor-Naisiún An Domhain
To the Nations of the World: Do Náisiúnaibh an Domhain: Greeting. Beatha agus Sláinte.
The Nation of Ireland having proclaimed Tá Náisiún na hÉireann tar éis a saoirse her national independence, calls do fhorfhógairt, tá a teachtaí toghtha through her elected representatives in tar éis teacht I ndáil chómhairle I Parliament assembled in the Irish Capital bpríomhchathair na tíre an t-aonmhadh on January 21st, 1919, upon every free lá fichead de mhí Eanair, 1919. nation to support the Irish Republic by Tríotha súd, chum Saorstát Éireann do recognising Ireland’s national status and chothughadh, iarrann sí ar gach náisiún her right to its vindication at the Peace dílis náisiúntacht Éireann féin do Congress. admháil agus a bheith de bhuaidh aici an náisiúntacht soin do dheimhniughadh I láthair Comhdhála na Síothchána. Nationally, the race, the language, the customs and traditions of Ireland I gcúrsáibh náisiúntachta, tá deighilt are radically distinct from the English, ó bhonn idir Éire agus Sacsa I dtaoibh Ireland is one of the most ancient nations cineadh is teangan, béas is nós is in Europe, and she has preserved her seanchus. Náisiún de na náisiúnaibh is national integrity, vigorous and intact, ársa ‘san Eóraip uile is eadh Éire, agus through seven centuries of foreign na tréithe is dual di táid slán iomshlán oppression : she has never relinquished aici fós I n-aindeoin an fhóiréigin her national rights, and throughout the Ghallda atá ag brughadh uirthe le long era of English usurpation she has in seacht gcéad bliadhain. Níor scaoil sí every generation defiantly proclaimed riamh uaithe na buadha is dúthchas di, her inalienable right of nationhood agus níor leig sí riamh do ré dul thairste down to her last glorious resort to arms gan an náisiúntacht is dual di féin an in 1916. leithligh do dhearbhadh go dána ó Ghabháltas Gall I leith go dtí an tráth is déadhnaighe dár ghlac sí claidheamh go Internationally, Ireland is the gateway of cródha I mbliadhain a 1916. the Atlantic. Ireland is the last outpost of Europe towards the West: Ireland is I gcúrsaíbh eadarnáisiúntachta, is í Éire the point upon which great trade routes geata na Fairrge Móire; is í Éire daingean between East and West converge: her deiridh na hEórpa á’n Iarthar; ionad is independence is demanded by the eadh í mar a dhruideann raona tráchtála Freedom of the Seas : her great harbours le chéile ó Oirthear agus Iarthar: is must be open to all nations, instead of éigean di bheith neamhspleádhach I
11 being the monopoly of England. To-day gcómhair Saoirse na Fairrge; is éigean these harbours are empty and idle solely a cuanta bheith ar oscailt I gcómhair because English policy is determined to gach uile náisiún I n-ionad a mbeith fé retain Ireland as a barren bulwark for smacht Shacsan féin amháin. Táid na English aggrandisement, and the unique cuanta úd follamh díomhaoin le fada de geographical position of this island, far bhrígh gurab é meón Shacsan agus lucht from being a benefit and safeguard to treórtha a loingis Éire do choimeád mar Europe and America, is subjected to the sciath chosanta I gcómhair móruighthe purposes of England’s policy of world Shacsan agus a hImpreachta. Dá réir domination. sin, I n-ionad buntáiste agus cosaint do theacht don Eóraip agus do Aimeirce de bharr dealuighthe an oileáin seo Ireland to-day reasserts her historic is amhla bhaintear feidhm aisti chum nationhood the more confidently before an domhan mór do choimeád fé the new world emerging from the War, chomhacht Shacsan ar leithligh. because she believes in freedom and justice as the fundamental principles of Tá Éire ag aithdhearbhadh don domhan international law, because she believes nuadh so atá ag á scaoileadh féin ón in a frank co-operation between the gcogadh go mbaineann náisiúntacht peoples for equal rights against the ársa léi, agus is móide a dóchas vested privileges of ancient tyrannies, go ngéillfear dá scéal de bhrigh go because the permanent peace of gcreideann sí gur Saoirse agus ceart Europe can never be secured by atá mar bhun ar Dlighe na Náisiún, perpetuating military dominion for the gur cóir do phobalaibh cuidiughadh profit of empire but only by establishing le chéile, ós árd, ar son an Chirt is I the control of government in every gcoinnibh gach buadha dá dtéigheann land upon the basis of the free will of go dlúth leis an tíoránacht; gur deimhin a free people, and the existing state of nach de bharr buansmacht arm ar war, between Ireland and England, can mhaithe le impreacht a bhuanóchar an never be ended until Ireland is definitely tsíothcháin ‘san Eóraip acht de bharr evacuated by the armed forces of smacht riaghaltais a cheapfar I ngach tír England. le saorthoil saerchine; agus gur deimhin fós ná cuirfear deireadh choidhche leis an síorchogadh so idir Éire agus Sacsa chum go nglanfaidh lucht airm Shacsan as talamh na hÉireann go bráth na breithe.
12 For these among other reasons, Ireland Dá mbrígh so uile, agus de bhrígh, - resolutely and irrevocably determined mór-mhór, gur “Sinn Féin Sinn Féin” at the dawn of the promised era of soiscéal an tsaoghail indiu is go bhfuil self-determination and liberty that réim na Saoirse láimh linn do réir gach she will suffer foreign dominion no geallamhna, tá ceaptha go daintean longer - calls upon every free nation to diongbhálta ag irinn gan géilleadh uphold her national claim to complete choidhche do smacht eachtrannach. independence as an Irish Republic Ar an adhbhar soin iarrann sí ar gach against the arrogant pretensions náisiún dílis cuidiughadh léi san éileamh of England founded in fraud and atá curtha aici roimpe, ‘sé sin Saoirse I sustained only by an overwhelming n-iomshlán agus Saorstát Gaedhlach. military occupation, and demands to Níl ceart ná cóir ag Riaghaltas Shacsan be confronted publicly with England at I nÉirinn, ní raibh de bhun riamh le the Congress of the Nations, in order smacht Sacsan I nÉirinn ach calaois, ní that the civilised world having judged féidir a bhuanughadh ná a choimeád ar between English wrong and Irish right siubhal féin, gan arm uathbhásach. Dá may guarantee to Ireland its permanent dheascaibh sin is mian le hÉirinn seasamh support for the maintenance of her I láthair Sacsan ag Comhdháil na Náisiún national independence. I dtreo go bhfeicfidh an saoghal an scéal atá eadartha, go ndéanfaidh an domhan mór breitheamhnas ar an éagcóir atá ar siubhal ag Sacsaibh agus an ceart atá ag dul do Éirinn is go ngeallfar do mhuinntir na hÉireann pé congnamh a theastóchaidh uatha chum a saoirse do bhuanughadh do dheoin Dé.
13 An Chéad Dáil Éireann Rolla na dTeachtaí
I láthair = Present As láthair = Absent Fé ghlas ag Gallaibh = Imprisoned by the Foreigners Ar díbirt ag Gallaibh = Exiled by the Foreigners
14 I láthair = Present As láthair = Absent Fé ghlas ag Gallaibh = Imprisoned by the Foreigners Ar díbirt ag Gallaibh = Exiled by the Foreigners
15 Dáil Éireann Pictiúr Oifigeamhail - S.S. Ó Raghallaigh, tarraingtheoir Official Dáil Éireann Picture - S.S. Ó Raghallaigh, lithographer (Pictiúr oifigiúil den Chéad Dáil)
16 17 1918 Election Badge Liam De Roiste and copies of the Irish Declaration of Independence
1918 Suaitheantas Toghcháin Liam De Roiste agus cóipeanna de Dhearbhú Neamhspleáchas na hÉireann
18 Democratic Programme Clár Oibre of the First Dáil Poblacanaighe
We declare in the words of the Irish Dearbhuighimíd, i mbriathraibh for- Republican Proclamation the right of fhógra Saorstáit Éireann go bhfuil sé the people of Ireland to the ownership de cheart ag muinntir na hÉireann of Ireland, and to the unfettered control sealbh na hÉireann do bheith aca agus of Irish destinies to be indefeasible, and cinneamhain an náisiúin do bheith fé in the language of our first President. n-a riar, agus nách féidir an ceart san do Pádraíg Mac Phiarais, we declare that bhaint díobh; agus fébh mar dubhairt ár the Nation’s sovereignty extends not gceud Uachtarán Pádraig Mac Phiarais, only to all men and women of the Nation, dearbhuighimíd gur ceart go mbeadh, ní but to all its material possessions, the amháin fir agus mná na hÉireann, acht Nation’s soil and all its resources, all the adhbhar maoine na hÉireann fé riaradh wealth and all the wealth-producing an náisiúin, idir talamh agus gustal na processes within the Nation, and with hÉireann, gach sadhas maoine agus him we reaffirm that all right to private gach gléas chun maoin do sholáthairt property must be subordinated to the dá bhfuil san tír; agus athfhógraimíd public right and welfare. an rud d’fhógair an Piarsach gur dual go mbéadh tosach ag ceart an phobuil chun leasa an phobuil ar cheart an duine chun seilbhe fé leith.
We declare that we desire our country Dearbhuighmíd gur mian linn an ceart, an to be ruled in accordance with the tsaoirse agus cothrom do chách a bheith principles of Liberty, Equality, and mar bhuntacaí riaghlughadh na tíre, Justice for all, which alone can secure agus ná fuil d’urradhas le buanughadh permanence of Government in the Riaghaltais ná saorthoiliughadh na willing adhesion of the people. ndaoine chuige ach é.
We affirm the duty of every man and Dearbhuighimíd go bhfuil sé de woman to give allegiance and service dhualgas ar gach fear agus gach mnaoi to the Commonwealth, and declare it bheith umhal, díleas, freagarthach is the duty of the Nation to assure that agus freastalach don Phobalacht; every citizen shall have opportunity to agus go bhfuil sé de dhualgas ar an spend his or her strength and faculties náisiún feuchaint chuige go mbeidh in the service of the people. In return caoi ag gach duine san tír ar a cheart for willing service, we, in the name of agus a acfuinn féin do chur i bhfeidhm the Republic, declare the right of every ar mhaithe le leas an phobuil. Mar citizen to an adequate share of the chúiteamh ar fhreagra is freastal na produce of the Nation’s labour. ndaoine, dearbhuighimíd i n-ainm an
19 It shall be the first duty of the tSaorstáit, gur dual do gach duine a cion Government of the Republic to make féin de thoradh saothair an náisiúin a provision for the physical, mental and bheith aige. spiritual well-being of the children, to secure that no child shall suffer hunger Isé an príomhchúram a bheidh ar or cold from lack of food, clothing, or Riaghaltas an tSaorstáit ná gleusa shelter, but that all shall be provided soláthar chun leas corpordha, leas with the means and facilities requisite spioradálta agus leas inntleachta na for their proper education and training leanbhaí do chur i n-áirithe dhóibh; as Citizens of a Free and Gaelic Ireland. feuchaint chuige ná béidh an t-ocras ná an fuacht ag goilleamhaint ar éin leanbh de cheal bídh, eudaigh ná dín tighe; acht go bhfaghaidh siad gach cóir agus gleus is gádh dhóibh chun teagaisc agus taithighe ceart do thabhairt dóibh i gcóir na hoibre a bheidh le deunamh aca mar chomhaltaí den tSaorstát Gaedhealach.
The Irish Republic fully realises the Is follus do Shaorstát Éireann nach foláir necessity of abolishing the present an dlighe gránna iasachta a bhainnean odious, degrading and foreign Poor le Tighthe na mBocht i nÉirinn agus Law System, substituting therefor a gach a ngabhann leis de chéimsíos is sympathetic native scheme for the care de náire, do chur ar ceal, agus plean of the Nation’s aged and infirm, who éifeachtach éigin do cheapadh a bheidh shall not be regarded as a burden, but oireamhnach don tír chun aire cheart rather entitled to the Nation’s gratitude do thabhairt do sheandaoinibh agus do and consideration. Likewise it shall be lagaibh an náisiúin, daoine a thuilleann the duty of the Republic to take such freastal agus buidheachas ón náisiún i measures as will safeguard the health n-ionad tarcuisne agus neamhshuime. of the people and ensure the physical Na theannta son, beidh sé de chúram ar as well as the moral well-being of the an Saorstát gach gleus is áis dár ghádh a Nation. chur i bhfeidhm chun sláinte an phobuil agus leas corpordha an náisiúin, agus leas anama an náisiúin dá bhárr do chur i n-áirithe dhóibh.
It shall be our duty to promote the Beidh sé de dhualgas orainn development of the Nation’s resources, cabhrughadh le meudughadh gustail
20 to increase the productivity of its soil, an náisiúin, an talamh a dheunamh níos to exploit its mineral deposits, peat torthamhla agus níos iontsaothruighthe; bogs, and fisheries, its waterways and mianach na hÉireann, a portaigh mhóna, harbours, in the interests and for the a cuid iascaigh, a bealaigh uisce, agus a benefit of the Irish people. cuanta do chur chun críche i ceart chun tairbhe muinntire na hÉireann.
It shall be the duty of the Republic to Beidh sé de dhualgas ar an Saorstát adopt all measures necessary for the gach níd is gádh do dheunamh chun recreation and invigoration of our ár ndéantúsa d’aithbheóchaint is do Industries, and to ensure their being neartughadh agus feuchaint chuige go developed on the most beneficial and saothróchfar iad do réir “comhar oibre” progressive co-operative and industrial ar an gcuma is feárr ‘s is oireamhnaighe lines. With the adoption of an extensive ‘s is mó raghaidh i dtairbhe do chách. Irish Consular Service, trade with foreign Cuirfar feadhmannaigh ó Éirinn go Nations shall be revived on terms of tíortha thar lear d’fhonn ceannuidheacht mutual advantage and goodwill, and agus tráchtáil do chur chun cinn idir Éire while undertaking the organisation of agus na tíortha úd, a raghaidh i leas don the Nation’s trade, import and export, tír seo agus dosna tíortha eile. Nuair a it shall be the duty of the Republic to thabharfaidh an Saorstát fé thráchtáil prevent the shipment from Ireland an náisiúin, idir díoluidheacht agus of food and other necessaries until ceannuidheacht, do riarad, beidh sé the wants of the Irish people are fully de dhualgas ar an Saorstát gan biadh satisfied and the future provided for. ná earraí eile go bhfuil gádh leó do leigint thar lear ó Éirinn go mbiedeh a leórdhóthain fachta ag muinntir na hÉireann, agus a sáith i dtaisce aca i gcóir an ama le teacht.
It shall also devolve upon the National Beidh sé de chúram ar Riaghaltas an Government to seek co-operation of Náisiúin, leis, a iarraidh ar Riaghaltaisí the Governments of other countries in tíortha eile cabhrughadh agus determining a standard of Social and comhoibriughadh ar chomh-chéim leó Industrial Legislation with a view to a chun dlighthe i dtaobh gnáthshaoghail general and lasting improvement in the agus gnáth-oibre an phobuil do conditions under which the working cheapadh a chuirfidh feabhas mór ar classes live and labour. an gcórughadh saoghail is saothair a bhíonn le fághail ag lucht oibre.
21 Election Poster ‘To The Electors of Mid Cork’ - Sinn Féin Executive Election Committee on behalf of Terence MacSwiney
Póstaer Toghcháin ‘To The Electors of Mid Cork’ - Coiste Toghcháin Feidhmiúcháin Shinn Féin thar ceann Toirdhealbhach Mac Suibhne
22 Declaration Faisnéis of Independence Neamhspleadhchuis
Whereas the Irish people is by right a De bhrigh gur dual do mhuinntir na free people. hÉireann bheith n-a saor náisiún.
And Whereas for seven hundred years Agus de bhrigh nár staon muintir the Irish people has never ceased to na hÉireann riamh le seacht gcéad repudiate and has repeatedly protested bliadhain ó dhiúltadh d’annsmacht Gall in arms against foreign usurpation. agus ó chur ina choinnibh go minic le neart airm.
And Whereas English rule in this Agus de bhrígh ná fuil de bhunadhas country is, and always has been, based agus ná raibh riamh de bhunadhas upon force and fraud and maintained by le dlighe Shasana san tír seo acht military occupation against the declared foiréigean agus calaois, agus ná fuil will of the people. de thaca leis ach sealbh lucht airm I n-aimhdheóin dearbhthola muinntire na hÉireann.
And Whereas the Irish Republic was Agus de bhrigh go ndeárna Saor-Arm na proclaimed in Dublin on Easter Monday, hÉireann Saorstát ireann d’fhorfhógairt 1916, by the Irish Republican Army I mBaile Átha Cliath Seachtmhain acting on behalf of the Irish people. na Cásca 1916 ar son muinntire na hÉireann.
And Whereas the Irish people is resolved Agus de bhrigh go bhfuil muinntir to secure and maintain its complete na hireann lán-cheeaptha ar independence in order to promote the neamhspléadhchus iomlán do bhaint common weal, to re-establish justice, amach agus do chosaint dóibh fhéin to provide for future defence, to insure d’fhonn leas an phobuil do chur chun peace at home and goodwill with all cinn, an ceart d’athchur ar a bhonnaibh, nations and to constitute a national an tsíothcháin I nirinn agus caradas polity based upon the people’s will with le náisiúnaibh eile do chur I n-áirithe equal right and equal opportunity for dhóibh féin agus féineachus náisiúan every citizen. tsíothcháin I nirinn agus caradas le náisiúnaibh eile do chur I n-áirithe dhóibh féin agus féineachus náisiúnta do cheapadh go mbeidh toil na ndaoine mar bhunudhas leis agus cothrom cirt is caoitheamhlachta dá bhárr ag gach duine I nÉirinn.
23 And Whereas at the threshold of a new Agus de bhrigh go ndeárna muinntir na era in history the Irish electorate has hÉireann, agus sinn I mbéal ré nuadha in the General Election of December, de stair an domhain, feidhm a bhaint 1918, seized the first occasion to as an Olltoghadh, Mí na Modlag, 1918, declare by an overwhelming majority its chun a dhearbhughadh de bhreis firm allegiance to the Irish Republic. adhbhalmhóir gur toil leó bheith díleas do Shaorstát Éireann.
Now, therefore, we, the elected Ar an adhbhar son deinimídne .i.na Representatives of the ancient teachtaí atá toghtha ag muinntir na Irish people in National Parliament hÉireann agus sinn I nDáil Chomhairle I assembled, do, in the name of the Irish dteannta a chéile, bunughadh Saorstáit nation, ratify the establishment of the d’áth-dheimhniughadh I n-ainm náisiún Irish Republic and pledge ourselves and na hÉireann agus sinn féin do chur fá our people to make this declaration gheasaibh an deimhniughadh so do effective by every means at our chur I bhfeidhm ar gach slighe ar ár command. gcumas.
We ordain that the elected Órduighmíd ná fuil de chomhacht ag Representatives of the Irish people éinne ach amháin ag na Teachtaíbh alone have power to make laws binding toghtha ag muinntir na hÉireann on the people of Ireland, and that the dlighthe dhéanamh gur dual do Irish Parliament is the only Parliament mhuinntir na hÉireann géilleadh dhóibh, to which that people will give its agus ná fuil de pháirliment ann go allegiance. mbeidh an náisiún umhal do ach amháin Dáil Éireann.
We solemnly declare foreign Dearbhuighmíd ná fuilingeóchaimíd go government in Ireland to be an invasion bráth an cumhangcas atá dá dhéanamh of our national right which we will never ag an annsmacht Ghallda ar ár gceart tolerate, and we demand the evacuation náisiúnta agus éilighmíd ar chamthaí na of our country by the English Garrison. Sasanach imtheacht ar fad as ár dtír.
We claim for our national independence Ilighimíd ar gach saornáisiún ar domhan the recognition and support of every neamhspleádhchus na hÉireann free nation in the world, and we d’admháil agus fógraimíd gurab éigean proclaim that independence to be a ár neamhspleádhchus chun síothcháin a condition precedent to international chur I n-áirithe do’n domhan. peace hereafter.
24 In the name of the Irish people we I n-ainm muinntire na hÉireann cuirimíd humbly commit our destiny to Almighty ár gcinneamhaint fé chomairce Dhia God who gave our fathers the courage an Uile-Chomhacht do chuir misneach and determination to persevere through agus buan-tseasamhacht n-ár sinnsear long centuries of a ruthless tyranny, and chun leanamhaint leó go treun les na strong in the justice of the cause which céadta bliadhain gcoinnibh tíoránachta they have handed down to us, we ask gan truagh gan [15] taise: agus de His divine blessing on this the last bhrigh gur móide an neart an ceart stage of the struggle we have pledged a bheith againn san troid d’fhágadar ourselves to carry through to Freedom. mar oighreacht againn, aithchuingimiíd ar Dhia A bheannacht do bhronnadh orainn I gcóir an treasa deiridh den chomhrac go bfhuilmid fé gheasaibh leanmhaint do go dtí go mbainfeam amach an tsaoirse.
Group photograph of members of the First Dáil present on 22 January 1919 Grianghraf ghrúpa de bhaill an Chéad Dáil i a bhí i láthair an 22ú Eanáir 1919
25 Biographies Beathaisnéisí of the TDs from Cork de na Teachtaí Dála ó Corcaigh in the First Dáil ar an Chéad Dáil
Michael Collins was born Rugadh Mícheál Ó on the 16th of October Coileáin ar an 16ú 1890 in Woodfield, Deireadh Fómhair 1890 Hugh’s Cross, near i Doire Luain, Hugh’s Clonakilty, County Cork,. Cross, in aice le Cloich na His family had republican Coillte, Contae Chorcaí. connections reaching back Bhí naisc phoblachtacha to the 1798 rebellion. ag a theaghlach ag dul siar As a very young man he go dtí éirí amach 1798. moved to London to work Micheál Ó Coileáin Mar fhear an-óg bhog sé for the Post Office, but Michael Collins go Londain chun obair san had returned to Ireland Oifig an Phoist, ach d’fhill by 1916 where he played a major part sé go hÉirinn faoi 1916, áit a ghlac sé in the Easter Rising, for which he was páirt an-mhór d’Éirí Amach na Cásca. imprisoned. Cuireadh i bpriosún é mar thoradh de sin. He was elected to the First Dáil to D’ionadaigh sé do dháilcheantar represent the Cork South area. Collins Chorcaigh Theas san chéad Dáil. Bhí was absent on the day as he was sé as láthair ar an lá toisc go raibh sé keeping a low profile , trying to stay ag púcaíocht ó fórsaí na Breataine, under the radar of the British Forces agus ag ullmhú pleananna éalú ar son while planning the prison escapes of De Valera agus Ó Griobhtha, a bhi fós De Valera and Griffith. He was also i bpriosún. Ina dhiaidh sin ceapadh é subsequently appointed as Minister mar Aire Airgeadais don chéad Dáil. of Finance for the first Dáil. Michael Ba charachtar iontach é Michael Collins was a formidable character who Collins a bhí mar Stiúrthóir Eagraíochta also served as Director of Organisation agus Ardaidiúnach d’Óglaigh na and Adjutant General for the Irish hÉireann, agus Stiúrthóir Faisnéise Arm Volunteers and Director of Intelligence Poblachtach na hÉireann le linn Cogadh of the Irish Republican Army during the na Saoirse. Dhúnmharaíodh Micheál War of Independence. Michael Collins Ó Coileáin ar an 22ú Lúnasa 1922 le was assassinated on the 22nd of August linn Cogadh Cathartha na hÉireann.. 1922 during the Irish Civil War. He is Tá Micheál Ó Coileáin curtha i Reilig buried in Glasnevin Cemetery in Dublin. Ghlas Naíon i mBaile Átha Cliath. Is Many artefacts relating to Michael féidir breathnú ar go leor déantúsáin Collins can be viewed at Michael Collins a bhaineann le Mícheál Ó Coileáin ag House, Clonakilty. Teach Uí Choileáin, i gCloich na Coillte.
26 Liam de Róiste was born Rugadh Liam de Róiste ar on the 29th of June an 29ú Meitheamh 1882, 1882, in Fountainstown, i Baile Mhontáin, mac le the son of primary school múinteoirí bunscoile. Ba teachers. De Róiste was a é cainteoir gaeilge líofa a fluent speaker of Irish and agus thug sé tacaíocht do supported its promotion. dul chun cinn an teanga. In 1899 he was one of the Bhí sé ar cheann de na founding members of the baill bhunaithe de chuid Cork branch of the Gaelic Liam de Róiste brainse Chorcaí den League, the organisation Liam Roche Gaelic League i 1899, an now known as Conradh eagraíocht ar a dtugtar na Gaeilge. De Róiste was elected to Conradh na Gaeilge anois. D’ionadaigh represent Cork city in the First Dáil but sé do dháilcheantar Chathair Chorcaí was unable to attend on the first day of sa Chéad Dáil i 1919 ach ní raibh sé in sitting. He was also very active in local ann freastal ar an gcéad lá den suí. Bhí politics in Cork until his retirement from sé an-ghníomhach freisin i bpolaitíocht politics in 1950. He died on the 15th of áitiúil i gCorcaigh go dtí go scoir sé as an May 1959 and is buried at St. Joseph’s bpolaitíocht i 1950. Fuair sé bás ar an Cemetery, Glasheen, Cork. 15ú Bealtaine 1959 agus tá sé curtha i Reilig Iósaif, an Ghlaisín, Corcaigh.
Sean Hayes was born in Rugadh Seán Ó hAodha Glandore in West Cork. i Cuan Dor in Iarthar He was editor for the Chorcaí. Bhí sé ina Southern Star newspaper. eagarthóir ar nuachtán an During the Easter rising Southern Star. Throid sé he fought in the GPO, sa GPO le linn eirí amach and was elected as TD to na Cásca. D’ionadaigh sé the first Dáil to represent do dháilcheantar Iarthar West Cork. He continued Chorcaí sa Chéad Dáil i to sit in successive sitting Seán Ó hAodha 1919. Lean sé ag suí ina Dalaí until 1923 when Seán Hayes dhiaidh sin i Dalaí go dtí he chose to not seek re- 1923 nuair a rinne sé election. He died in 1941. cinneadh gan seasamh a thuilleadh. Fuair sé bás i 1941.
27 Thomas Hunter was born Rugadh Tomás Ó Fiachra on the 10th of November ar an 10ú Samhain 1883 1883 in Castletownroche. i Baile Chaisleáin an As a youth he moved to Róistigh. nuair a bhí sé fós Dublin to apprentice at a óg bhog sé go Baile Átha drapers. While in Dublin Cliath chun printíseacht a he was a member of the dhéanamh le éadaitheoir. IRB, the Irish Volunteers Cé gur i mBaile Átha Cliath and the Gaelic League, a bhí sé ina bhall den and played a significant Tomás Ó Fiachra IRB, Óglaigh na hÉireann role in the Easter Rising as Thomas Hunter agus the Gaelic League well as in the procurement (Conradh na Gaeilge), agus of Arms. He was imprisoned in the bhí ról suntasach aige i Éirí Amach na aftermath of the Rising and along with Cásca chomh maith le sin, ag soláthar others took part in the Hunger Strikes. Armas. Rinneadh príosúnacht air i He was elected to the first Dáil while ndiaidh an Éirí Amach agus ghlac sé still serving in prison. He was elected to páirt sna Stailcí Ocrais. D’ionadaigh sé represent Cork North East. Hunter died do dháilcheantar Thuaisceart Chorcaí at home in Glanworth, County Cork of san don chéad Dáil cé nach bhféadfadh heart disease on 11 March 1932 . It is sé freastal ar an gcéad chruinniú mar a supposed that his heart condition was bhí sé sa phríosún. Fuair Ó Fiachra bás the result of his participation in the sa bhaile i nGleannúir, Contae Chorcaí hunger strikes. de ghalar croí ar an 11ú Márta 1932. Tá sé ceaptha go raibh fadhbanna croí aige mar thoradh ar a rannpháirtíocht sna stailceanna ocrais.
David Rice Kent was Rugadh Dáithí Ceannt ar born on 2 February 1867 an 2ú Feabhra 1867 ins An in Coole, Castlelyons, Chúil, Caisleán Ó Liatháin, County Cork, Contae Chorcaí,. Ar an On 2 May 1916, David 2ú Bealtaine, 1916, bhí Kent, his mother Mrs. Rice Dáithí Ceannt, a mháthair, Kent and his brothers— Mrs. Rice Kent agus a Thomas, William and dheartháireacha-Thomas, Richard—were involved in Daithí Ceannt William agus Richard- a gunfight with members David Rice Kent páirteach i lámhach le baill
28 of the Royal Irish Constabulary (RIC) den Constáblacht Ríoga na hÉireann during an arrest operation following (RIC) le linn oibríochta gabhála tar the Easter Rising in Dublin. As a éis Éirí Amach na Cásca i mBaile Átha result of this David was transferred to Cliath. Mar thoradh air seo aistríodh Richmond Barracks in Dublin, where he Dáithí chuig Beairic Richmond i mBaile was sentenced to death, this however Átha Cliath, áit ar cuireadh pianbhreith was later reduced to penal servitude. bás air, ach laghdaíodh é sin go dtí Although it was a sentence which was príosúnacht saoil ina dhiaidh sin. Cé gur initially supposed to last for life Kent pianbhreithe príosúnacht saoil a bhí i was released within a year gceist dó i dtosach, scaoileadh Ceannt He represented the Cork East laistigh de bhliain constituency in the First Dáil, although D’ionadaigh sé do dháilcheantar Chorcaí he was not present at the first meeting. Thoir sa Chéad Dáil, cé nach raibh sé i He continued to serve as a TD until láthair ag an gcéad chruinniú. 1927. Lean sé ag feidhmiú mar TD go dtí He died on 16 November 1930 at 1927. Fuair sé bás an 16ú Samhain Bawnard, Castlelyons, County Cork. 1930 ag Bawnard, Caisleán Ó Liatháin, Contae Chorcaí.
Diarmuid Lynch was born Rugadh Diarmuid Ó in 1878, in Granig, Tracton, Loingsigh i 1878, in Co. Cork. As a child he was An Ghreanaigh, Trácht influenced by politicians Fhionn, Co. Chorcaí. Bhí such as Charles Parnell. tionchar ag polaiteoirí He became a member ar nós Charles Parnell, of the Irish Republican i polataíocht Diarmuid. Brotherhood, and played Bhí sé ina bhall de a key role in planning the Bráithreachas Phoblacht Diarmuid Ó Loingsigh Easter Rising in 1916 and Diarmuid Lynch na hÉireann, agus ghlac is believed to have been sé príomh-pháirt i pleanáil the last man to leave de Éirí Amach na Cásca i the GPO. He was initially sentenced 1916 agus creidtear gurb é Ó Loingsigh to death, but his sentence was later an fear deireanach a d’fhág an GPO. Ar commuted. dtús cuireadh pianbhreith bás air, ach rinneadh a phianbhreith a iomalartú ina dhiaidh sin.
29 He was elected to the first Dáil to D’ionadaigh sé do dháilcheantar Oir- represent the Cork South East area, Dheiscirt Chorcaí sa Chéad Dáil, cé but was notably missing on the 21st of nach bhféadfadh sé freastal ar an gcéad January, being listed in the roll call as chruinniú. Deireann se i rolla an chéad being “in exile”. he was in America at Dáil go raibh se “ar díbirt” . Bhí sé i this time. In the thirties he returned to Meiriceá ag an am seo. Sna tríochaidí Tracton to live. He died on the 9th of d’fhill sé chuig Trácht Fhionnn chun November 1950 cónaí. Fuair sé bás ar an 9ú Samhain de 1950.
Terence McSwiney was Rugadh Toirdhealbhach born on the 28th of March Mac Suibhne ar an 28ú 1879 at 23 North Main Márta 1879 ag 23 An Street, Cork City. He came Phríomhshráid Thuaidh, from a very nationalist Cathair Chorcaí. Tháinig family from the Kilmurry sé ó theaghlach an- area of Mid-Cork and náisiúnaithe ó Cill Muire was one of the founders i lár Chorcaí, agus of the Cork Brigade of Toirdhealbhach bhí sé ar cheann de the Irish Volunteers as Mac Suibhne bhunaitheoirí de Briogáid well as President of the Terence MacSwiney Chorcaí de Óglaigh na Cork branch of Sinn Féin. hÉireann chomh maith le He founded a short-lived hUachtarán ar an brainse publication called “ Fianna Fáil” in Chorcaí de Sinn Féin. Bhunaigh sé 1914. He represented the mid Cork foilseachán gearr-chónaithe ar a dtugtar constituency in the First Dáil, although “Fianna Fáil” i 1914. D’ionadaigh sé he could not attend the first meeting do dháilcheantar Chorcaigh-lárnach as he was in prison. In 1920 he was sa Chéad Dáil, cé nach bhféadfadh sé elected as Cork Lord Mayor after the freastal ar an gcéad chruinniú mar a bhí death of Tomás MacCurtain. Shortly sé sa phríosún. I 1920 bhí sé toghadh thereafter he was arrested for being mar Ard-Mhéara Chorcaigh tar éis in possession of seditious materials bás Tomás MacCurtain. Go gairid ina and sentenced by Court Martial to dhiaidh sin gabhadh é toisc go raibh 2 years in Brixton Prison. While in ábhair ceannairceach aige. Fuair sé prison he began a hunger strike along phianbhreith Armchúirte de 2 bhliain with a number of other compatriots. i bPríosún Brixton. Nuair a bhí sé sa This hunger strike gained quite a bit phríosún thosaigh sé ag stailc ocrais
30 of international attention and inspired chomh maith le roinnt comhghleacaithe other independence movements eile. Fuair an Stailc ocrais seo go worldwide. After 74 Days of hunger leor aird idirnáisiúnta agus spreag sé strike McSwiney died in prison on the gluaiseachtaí neamhspleáchais eile ar 25th of October 1920. He is buried in fud an domhain. Tar éis 74 Laethanta the Republican plot in Saint Finbarr’s de Stailc Ocrais d’éag i bpríosún é an Cemetery in Cork. 25ú Deireadh Fómhair 1920. Tá Mac Suibhne curtha faoi thalamh san plota Poblachtach i Reilig Fhionnbharra i gCorcaigh.
Patrick (“Paudeen”) Rugadh Pádraig O’Keeffe was born on (“Paudeen”) Ó Caoimh the 3rd of July 1881 in ar an 3ú Iúil 1881 i Nohoval, Cullen, County Nuachabháil, An Cuileann, Cork. Contae Chorcaí. He fought in the Easter Ghlac sé páirt in Éirí Rising in 1916 and was Amach na Cásca i 1916 subsequently interned agus ina dhiaidh sin bhí at Frongoch internment sé i ngéibheann san camp. He represented the Pádraig Ó Caoimh champa imtheorannachta Cork North constituency Patrick O’Keeffe Frongoch. D’ionadaigh in the First Dáil, although sé do dháilcheantar he could not attend the first meeting as Chorcaí Thuaidh sa Chéad Dáil, cé he was in prison. nach bhféadfadh sé freastal ar an gcéad He did not contest the 1922 elections. chruinniú mar a bhí sé i bpríosún. he served as Assistant Clerk for Seanad Níor sheas sé don toghcháin i 1922. Éireann from the 1930s until his D’Obair sé mar Chléireach Cúnta do retirement in 1947. Sheanad Éireann ó na 1930í go dtí go O’Keeffe died on 20 September 1973. scoir sé i 1947. Fuair Ó Caoimh bás ar an 20ú Meán Fómhair 1973.
31 James Joseph Walsh, (J.J. Rugadh Séamus Seosamh Walsh) was born on the Breatnach, (J. J. Walsh) 20th of February 1880 in ar an 20ú Feabhra the townland of Rathroon, 1880 i mbaile fearainn near Bandon, County Cork. Ráth Sheathrúin, in aice He played a significant Droichead na Bandan, part in nationalist politics. Contae Chorcaí. Ghlac He was involved in the sé páirt shuntasach founding of the Cork City S.S. Breathnach i bpolaitíocht na Irish Volunteers, and he James Joseph Walsh náisiúnachta. Bhí sé participated in the Easter páirteach i mbunú Óglaigh Rising in 1916 in the G.P.O. na hÉireann i gCathair He was sentenced to Chorcaí, agus ghlac sé death after a court-martial at Richmond páirt in Éirí Amach na Cásca i 1916 sa Barracks, but was subsequently then G.P.O. Cuireadh pianbhreith bás air tar released the following year under a éis armchúirte ag Beairic Richmond, general amnesty. He represented the ach scaoileadh é ansin tar éis bliain Cork City constituency in the First Dáil faoi párdún ginearálta. D’ionadaigh sé in 1919. do dháilcheantar Chathair Chorcaí sa He later served as Postmaster General, Chéad Dáil i 1919. (later Minister for Posts and Telegraphs) Ina dhiaidh sin d’obair sé mar Ardmháistir of the Irish Free State from 1923 to Poist, (agus níos déanaí mar an tAire 1927. Poist agus Telegrafa) de Shaorstát na Walsh was very interested in sports, hÉireann ó 1923 go 1927. particularly national sports. He was Bhí spéis mhór ag Breatnach i Spórt, go instrumental in establishing the ‘revived’ háirithe spóirt náisiúnta. Bhí Breatnach Tailteann Games and was also Chairman ríthábhachtach do athbheocan de of the Cork County Council GAA. na Cluichí ‘Tailteann’ agus bhí sé ina Walsh died on the 30th of November Chathaoirleach ar CLG Chomhairle 1948. Contae Chorcaí freisin. Fuair S.S. Breatnach bás ar an 30ú Samhain, 1948.
32 This commemorative booklet has Tá an leabhrán comórtha seo curtha been produced by Cork County ar fáil ag Comhairle Contae Chorcaí Council through its Corporate Affairs trína Stiúrthóireacht um Séirbhisí Directorate and Commemorations Corparáideacha agus an Coiste Committee to commemorate the Comórtha chun comóradh céad centenary of the First Dáil. Text and bliain a dhéanamh ar an Chéad Dáil. Editing was carried out by Claire Looney Rinne Claire Looney O’Sullivan, Aileen O’Sullivan, Aileen Loughrey and Conor Loughrey agus Conor Nelligan téacs Nelligan and the overall layout and agus eagarthóireacht agus rinne James design was undertaken by James Hussey Hussey as ‘Imagination Designs’ an of Imagination Designs. Cork County leagan amach agus an dearadh foriomlán. Council would like to acknowledge Glen Ba mhaith le Comhairle Chontae Chorcaí Dunne of the National Library of Ireland aitheantas a thabhairt do Glen Dunne and Dan Breen, Curator, Cork Public as Leabharlann Náisiúnta na hÉireann Museum, for use of the many images agus Dan Breen, Coimeádaí, Músaem that feature in this publication. 200 no. Poiblí Chorcaí, chun úsáid a bhaint as copies have been produced. na híomhánna iomadúla a bhaineann leis an bhfoilseachán seo. Táirgítear 200 uimh. cóipeanna den leabharán seo. o
Comhairle Contae Chorcaí – Coiste Comórtha Cork County Council Commemorations Committee:
Cathaoirleach | Chairperson: Cllr. Frank O’Flynn Leaschathaoirleach | Vice-Chairperson: Cllr. Susan McCarthy
Cllr. Kevin Conway Cllr. Kay Dawson Cllr. Eoghan Jeffers Cllr. Noel McCarthy Cllr. June Murphy Cllr. Kevin Murphy Cllr. John Paul O’Shea Cllr. Bob Ryan Cllr. Gobnait Ní Mhuineacháin