The One Hundred and Seventh

ANNUAL REPORT

of the

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

TOGETHER WITH THE MINUTES OF THE MEETING HELD AT COLUMBUS, OHIO O C T O B E R 15, 1917

P u b l i s h e d b y t h e B o a r d C ongregational H o u s e B o s t o n

C on ten ts

Page Organization or the A m erican B oard and W om an’s B oards .. i

C ommittees Serv in g in 1918 2

M inl " es of the A n n u al M e e t i n g ...... 3 Organization ...... 3 Committees Appointed ...... 3 Report of Nominating Committee ...... 3 Election of New Members...... 4 Place and Preacher for next Meeting 5 Election of Officers ...... 6 Report of Committee on Treasurer’s R eport ...... 6 Report of Committee on Latin America ...... 7 Committee to Nominate New Members . . 7

H ome D epartm en t The Offering of Life. A Year of Enlarged Giving 11 The Laborers are F e w ...... 14 M issionary A p p o in tm e n ts...... 15 District Offices ...... 16 Administrative Item s ...... 18 Woman’s Board of Missions Jubilee ...... 19 The Years Ahead ...... 20 Report of the Interior District ...... 21 Report of the Pacific D istrict ...... 24

T he F ields Africa Missions...... • • • 26 Turkey and Balkan Missions . 62 India and Ceylon Missions...... 96 China Missions ...... • • 145 Japan M is s io n ...... 192 Missions in the Islands and Papal Lands 213 Tabular View of the Missions of the A. B. C. F. M. 1916-1917 . . 243 iv Contents Pago T h e T r e a s u r y The Treasurer’s Report for the Year Ending August 3 1, 1917 ... 244 Pecuniary Accounts ...... 250 Summary Donations ...... 281

S t a t is t ic s Receipts of the Board ...... • • 290 Places of Meeting and Preachers...... 291 Missionaries of the Board...... 293 Corporate Members of the Board ...... 299 Officers of the Board ...... 306 American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

President. — E d w a r d C. M o o r e , D.D. Vice-President. — David Percy Jones. Prudential Committee. — The President and Vice-President, ex officiis. Rev. W illard L. Sperry, H erbert A. W ilder, Edward D. E a t o n , D.D., C h a r l e s S. B a t e s . Terms expire 1920. Arthur Perry, John C. B e r r y , M.D., Henry H. Proctor, Hon. Arthur H. W ellman. Terms expire 1918. Rev. Edward M. Noyes, Shepherd Knapp, D.D., A r t h u r L. G i l l e t t , D.D., Charles A. Bliss. Terms expire 1919. Corresponding Secretaries. — J a m e s L. B a r t o n , LL.D., Cornelius H. Patton, D.D., Edward Lincoln Smith, D.D. Treasurer. — Frank H. Wiggin. Recording Secretary. — O s c a r E. M a u r e r , D.D. Assistant Recording Secretary. — E d w a r d W. C a p k w Ph.D. Editorial Secretary. W i l l ia m E. S t r o n g , D.D. Associate Secretaries. R e v . E n o c h F. B ell, Rev. D. Brew er Eddy. Auditors. — Edwin H. Baker, *W illia.m B. Plunkett, H erbert J. W e l l s . Publishing and Purchasing Agent. — J o h n G. H o s m e r . r Secretary Patton in charge, 14 Beacon St., Boston. District ) Secretary Smith, in charge, 287 Fourth Ave., New York. Secretaries I A. N. Hitchcock, D.D., 19 S o . La Salle St., Chicago, 111. ^ H e n r y H . K e l s e y , D.D., 417 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. *Deceased.

Woman’s Boards of Missions

IF. B. M., Boston. — Mrs. Charles H. Daniels, President; Miss Kate G. Lam- s o n , Foreign Secretary; Miss H elen B. Calder, Home Secretary; Miss A l i c e M. K y l e , Editorial Secretary; Miss .Anne L. Buckley, Associate Secretary; Miss R u t h I. S e a b u r y , Acting Secretary of Young People’s Work; Mrs. F r a n k Gaylord Cook, Treasurer; Miss S. Emma Keith, Assistant Treasurer.

W B. M. of the Interior. — Mrs. George M. Clark, President; Mrs. Lucius 0. L e e , Secretary; M i s s M a r y D. U l i n e , Home Secretary; Airs. S. E . H u r l - b u t , Treasurer, 1454 Asbury Ave., Evanston, 111. W B. M. for the Pacific. — Mrs. E r n e s t A. E v a n s , President, Mill Valiev, Cal.; Airs. H. M. T e n n e y , Home Secretary, 311 East Lake Ave., Watsonville, Cal; Mrs. W. W. F e r r i e r , Treasurer, 2716 Hillegass Ave., Berkeley, Cal. Committees Serving in 1918

COMMITTEE TO NOMINATE NEW MEMBERS

1918. — R e v . J a m e s W. B i x l e r , of Connecticut; H o w a r d W. D a r l i n g , of Kan­ sas; F. A. M c C o r n a c k , of Iowa.

1919. — G e o r g e W. M a r s t o n , of California; D w ig h t G o d d a r d , of Michigan; E. T. W i l k i n s o n , of New Jersey. 1920. — H a r r y W a d e H i c k s , of New Jersey; F r e d B . H i l l , of Minnesota; P a u l C. W a r r e n , of Michigan.

COMMITTEE ON TREASURER’S REPORT

R. W. P a t t o n , of Illinois; E paphroditus P e c k , of Connecticut; E . G. W a r n e r , of New York.

COMMITTEE TO NOMINATE OFFICERS FOR 1918

Rev. S. H. W o o d r o w , of Missouri; Pres. J . A . B l .u s d e l l , of California; Prof. WAV. R o c k w e l l , of New York; Rev. C. C. A d a m s , of Vermont; E. H. P i t k i n , of Illinois.

COMMITTEE TO CONSIDER THE UNDERTAKING OF MISSIONARY WORK IN SOUTH AMERICA

Rev. F r a n k K . S a n d e r s , of New York; Rev. H e n r y C. K i n g , of Ohio; Prof. H ir a m B in g h a m , of Connecticut; W i l l ia m E. S w e e t , of Colorado; P r o f . A r t h u r L . G i l l e t t , of Connecticut; Rev. D w ig h t G o d d a r d , of Michigan. American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions

President. — E d w a r d C. M o o r e , D.D. Vice-President. — D a v id P e r c y J o n e s . Prudential Committee. — The President and Vice-President, ex officiis. Rev. W illard L. Sperry, H erbert A. W ilder, Edward D. E a t o n , D.D., Charles S. Bates. Terms expire 1920. Arthur Perry, John C. B e r r y , M.D., Henry H. Proctor, Hon. Arthur H. W ellman. Terms expire 1 918. Rev. Edward M. Noyes, Shepherd Knapp, D.D., A r t h u r L. G i l l e t t , D.D., C harles A. Bliss. Terms expire 1 919. Corresponding Secretaries. — J a m e s L. B a r t o n , LL.D., C o r n e l i u s H. P a t t o n , D.D., E d w a r d L i n c o l n S m it h , D.D. Treasurer. — F r a n k H. W i g g i n . Recording Secretary. — O s c a r E. M a u r e r , D.D. Assistant Recording Secretary. — E d w a r d W . C a p e n , P h .D . Editorial Secretary. W i l l i a m E. S t r o n g , D.D. Associate Secretaries. R e v . E n o c h F B e l l , R e v . D . B r e w e r E d d y . Auditors. — E d w in H . B a k e r , * W il l ia m B . P l u n k e t t , H e r b e r t J . W e l l s . Publishing and Purchasing Agent. — J o h n G . H o s m e r . r S e c r e t a r y P a t t o n in charge, 14 Beacon St., Boston. District j S e c r e t a r y S m it h , in charge, 287 F o u r th Ave., N e w Y o rk . Secretaries I A. N . H it c h c o c k , D.D.. 19 So. La Salle St., Chicago, 111. ^ H e n r y H . K e l s e y , D.D., 417 Market St., San Francisco, Cal. *Deceased.

Woman’s Boards of Missions

IF. B. M., Boston. — Mrs. C h a r l e s H . D a n i e l s , President; Miss K a t e G . L a m - s o n . Foreign Secretary; Miss H e l e n B . C a l d e r , Home Secretary; Miss A l ic e M. K y l e , Editorial Secretary; Miss A n n e L . B u c k l e y , Associate Secretary; Miss R u t h I. S e a b u r y , Acting Secretary of Young People’s Work; Mrs. F r a n k G a y l o r d C o o k , Treasurer; Miss S . E m m a K e i t h , Assistant Treasurer.

IF. B. .!/. of the Interior. — Mrs. George M. C l.a r k , President; Mrs. Lucius O. L e e , Secretary, Miss M a r y D. U l i n e , Home Secretary; Mrs. S. E. H u r l - b u t , Treasurer, 1454 As b u ry Ave., E v a n s t o n , 111. W. B. M. for the Pacific. — Mrs. E r n e s t A. E v a n s , President, Mill Valley, Cal.; Mrs. H. M. T e n n e y , Home Secretary, 311 East Lake Ave., Watsonville, Cal; Mrs. W. W. F e r r i e r , Treasurer, 2716 Hillegass Ave., Berkeley, Cal. Committees Serving in 1918

COMMITTEE TO NOMINATE NEW MEMBERS

1918. — R e v . J a m e s W. B i x l e r , of Connecticut; H o w a r d W. D a r l i n g , of Kan­ sas; F. A. McCornack, of Iowa.

1919. — G e o r g e W. M a r s t o n , of California; D w ig h t G o d d a r d , of Michigan; E. T. W i l k i n s o n , of New Jersey. 1920. — H a r r y W a d e H i c k s , of New Jersey; F r e d B. H i l l , of Minnesota; P a u l C. W a r r e n , of Michigan.

COMMITTEE ON TREASURER’S REPORT

R. W. P a t t o n , of Illinois; E papiiroditus P e c k , of Connecticut; E . G. W a r n e r , of New York.

COMMITTEE TO NOMINATE OFFICERS FOR 1918

Rev. S . H. W o o d r o w , of Alissouri; Pres. J . A . B l a i s d e l l , of California; Prof. WAY. R o c k w e l l , of New York; Rev. C. C. A d a m s , of Vermont; E. H. P i t k i n , of Illinois.

COMAIITTEE TO CONSIDER THE UNDERTAKING OF MISSIONARY WORK IN SOUTH AMERICA

Rev. F r a n k K. S a n d e r s , of New York; Rev. H e n r y C. K i n g , of Ohio; Prof. H ir a m ' B in g h .a u , of Connecticut; W i l l i a m E. S w e e t , of Colorado; P r o f . A r t h u r L . G i l l e t t , of Connecticut; Rev. D w ig h t G o d d a r d , of Michigan. Minutes of the Annual Meeting

The American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions convened its loSth Annual Meeting at Memorial Hall, Columbus, 0., on Monday, October 15, 1917, at 7. 45 p. M., in connection with the National Council of Congregational Churches of the United States. President Moore took the chair and led the devotional exercises. The President appointed the following committee: — Committee on Nominations: J. M. Whitehead, of Wisconsin; Myron A. Myers, of Illinois; Prof. L. F. Anderson, of Washington; Rev. H. P. Dewey, of Minnesota; Rev. James E. Gregg of Massachusetts. The President nominated the following committees, which were appointed; — Committee on Arrangements: The local Committee of Arrangements for the National Council. Business Committee: Rev. L. T. Reed, of New York; Rev. J. B. Yooihees, of Con­ necticut; M. J. Carpenter, of Illinois; W. W. Mills, of Ohio; Rev. A. D. Leavitt, of Maine; C. H. Baker, of New Jersey; Pres. D. J. Cowling, of Minnesota; W. E. Sweet, of Colorado. Secretary Barton presented the review of the past year under the title. “The Survey of the Fields,” after which the hymn, “ 0 Zion, haste, thy mission high fulfilling,” was sung. Secretary Barton then introduced, to speak on “Modem Martyrs in War-Swept Lands,” Rev. H. H. Riggs, of Harpoot, and Rev. A. N. Andrus, of Mardin. Rev. M. G. Papazian, of Fresno, Cal., spoke on the subject, “ Is the Work of the American Board in Turkey Completed?” Rev. William I. Haven, D.D., Secretary of the American Bible Society, offered prayer; and after the hymn, “Jesus shall reign where’er the sun,” and benediction by Dr. Haven, a recess was taken until Tuesday at nine a . m ., at the First Congregational Church.

TUESDAY MORNING, OCTOBER 16

President Moore called the Board to order at nine o’clock, and the devotional ex­ ercises were conducted by Rev. Robert C. Denison, of Connecticut. The Recording Secretary read extracts from the Minutes of the last meeting. The Committee on Nominations presented the following committees, which were appointed by the Board; — Committee on the Treasurer's Report. R. W. Patton, of Illinois; Epaphroditus Peck, of Connecticut; E. G. Warner, of New York. Committee on Plate and Preacher: Prof. C. A. Moore, of Maine; Rev. Naboth Osborne, of Iowa; Rev. C. H. Myers, of Tennessee. Committee on Nomination of Officers: Rev. S. H. Woodrow, of Missouri; Pres. J. A. Blaisdell, of California; Prof. W. W. Rockwell, of New York; Rev. C. C. Adams, of Vermont; E. H. Pitkin, of Illinois. The report of the Committee to Nominate New Members was received, and ordered placed on file. The Board then proceeded to ballot on the new Corporate Members nominated by the committee. It was voted that the Secretary cast one ballot for the 4 Minutes of the Annual Meeting list, and the following were declared elected as Corporate Members: — Delegates of the National Council of the Congregational Churches of the United States, elected in 1917 and certified as members of the said National Council.

MEMBERS AT LARGE California M ichigan Charles E. Harwood Frank D. Taylor

Colorado Minnesota William E. Sweet Fred B. Hill Edward M. Williams Connecticut Williston Walker Charles R. Brown Harlan P. Beach New Hampshire John H. Perry Elisha R. Brown Oscar E. Maurer New Jersey Georgia Charles H. Richards Henry H. Proctor Harry Wade Hicks Clarence H. Kelsey Hawaii William R. Castle New York Peter C. Jones William H. Crosby Dyer B. Holmes Illinois Charles E. Jefferson Frank Kimball F. K. Sanders Robert E. Short E. G. Warner A. N. Hitchcock Franklin H. Warner F. H. Tuthill

M aine Ohio Irving W. Metcalf James W. Parker John J. Jennings John J. Thomas Edward I. Boswortli M assachusdls Edward D. Eaton James L. Barton E. H. Bigelow Rhode Island David R. Craig Herbert J. Wells George A. Gordon Edward C. Moore John W. Platner Washington William Shaw L. F. Anderson Samuel UsherH James E/Clark Canada Charles A. Bliss J. G. Hindley Minutes of the Annual Meeting 5

Treasurer Wiggin presented his annual report, showing the largest receipts in the history of the Board, in spite of war conditions. The Treasurer’s report, together with the report of the auditors, was accepted and ordered placed on file. The hymn, “The morning light is breaking,” was sung. Secretary Edward Lincoln Smith made an address reporting on his recent visit to the mission field, and brought the greetings of our missionaries in the Far East. Greetings from India were brought by Di. Gurubai Karmarkar, of Bombay, who referred especially to the work which is being done among the lepers and in the criminal caste. Secretary Barton then introduced various missionaries of the Board, who spoke as follows: Rev. H. J. Bennett, of Tottoii, on “Evangelization in Japan” ; Rev. W. W. Wallace, of Madura, on “A Christian College among the Hindus” ; Mr. D. C. Chuichill of Ahmednagar, on “ Evangelization through Industry.” Rev. F. S. Brewer, who recently inspected the mission field in the Philippines and China, spoke on impressions of his journey, and was followed by three missionaries to China, home on their first furlough: Rev. Watts O. Pye, of Fen chow, who spoke on ''Evangelization in Shansi” ; Rev. W. C. Fairfield, of Taikuhsien, on “Missionary Medi­ cine in Shansi” ; and Rev. H. S. Martin, of Peking, on “Missionary Educators in Xorth China.” The Chinese point of view was expressed by Mr. Po-Ling Chang, of Tientsin, at present a graduate student in Teachers College, New York. A recess was declared at 12.15.

TUESDAY AFTERNOON

President Moore called the Board to order at two o’clock, and Pres. James A. Blaisdell, of Pomona College, California, offered prayer. Secretary Cornelius H. Patton made the annual leport for the Home Department, showing a victorious year for the Board so far as financial support is concerned, but a serious shortage of missionary' candidates. The report was received and ordered filed. Rev. Dwight Goddard, a former missionary of the Board and a recent visitor to the Philippine Islands, made a report on “The Opportunity and Responsibility in Min­ danao,” setting forth the extraordinary opportunity :'or constructive work in that island. Addresses were then made by missionaries, as follows: Rev. John S. Porter, of Prague; Rev. Henry A. Neipp, of West Africa; Mr. F. S. Dart, of Mt. Silinda. These reports were followed by an address on “ Canada in Africa,” by Secretary J. (i. Hindley, of Toronto, in the course of which it was shown that after three years of war, the missionary' giving of Canadian Congregationalists has increased over 150 per cent. The hymn, “The Son of God goes forth to war,” was sung. The President declared a business session. The resignation of Mr. Francis 0. Winslow from the Prudential Committee was read and regretfully accepted, Mr. Arthur Pern', for himself and his associates, expressed their deep appreciation of Mr. Winslow’s devoted service on the Prudential Committee, and it was voted that the President, Recording Secretary, and Assistant Recording Secretary prepare a fitting letter to Mr. Winslow. The report of the Committee on Place and Preacher was received and adopted, as follows: — No invitation having been received for the next meeting of the Board, the committee rec­ ó Minutes of the Annual Meeting ommends that the matter of place be committed to the Prudential Committee with power. The committee would name for preacher, Rev. Harry P. Dewey, of Minneapolis, and for alternate, Rev. Raymond Calkins, of Cambridge. The report of the Committee on the Treasurer s Report was received and adopted, as follows: —

Your committee respectfully present the following report: — First, we congratulate the Board on the increase of its receipts of $40,489.85 for the year, and for the last two years of $146,145.52. Considering the war conditions that have prevailed, during the latter part of the year and the unsettled conditions during the whole of the past year, this really seems most encouraging. We also note the increase in the conditional gifts of the year, amounting to $121,846.75, an increase for the year of $46,401.75, and that the total of these gifts in all now amounts to $1,144,126.59, this increase and the total amount of the giftp indicating that the plan is growing in favor; and the committee would recommend that all rea­ sonable diligence be used to increase the gifts under this plan. We note the advanced work in the Philippines, and especially the most encouraging work done in the island of Mindanao, and express the hope that the special fund of $25,000, which was started a year ago, and of which only $6,697.75 has so far been secured, may be completed, in order to push the work in this direction. It is also very gratifying that, besides the work done by the Board in the Armenian and Syrian fields, it has also received and forwarded direct during the year, for Armenian relief, $56,951.97. We also congratulate the Board upon ending the year without debt. Finally, we call attention to the fact, as shown in the Treasurer’s report, that the expense of conducting the work of the Board has increased — as, in fact, all expenses everywhere have increased — and especially that exchange rates in several countries are becoming increasingly unfavorable, particularly so in China, where the Mexican silver dollar is in use, and where now, owing to the comparatively recent great increase in the price of silver, the United States gold dollar, which until recently would purchase two silver dollars or more, will now only purchase $1.35 in silver. And inasmuch as, to offset this loss in exchange, it was found necessary to in­ crease the appropriations last year, for two-thirds of the year only, $12,168.78, it is very evident that a considerable increase in this direction will be demanded for the coming year. This, in addition to the cost of transportation and forwarding of supplies, will make a very marked increase in the expense of the Board for the coming year, and it will therefore be necessary for the friends of the Board to contribute a sum needed to meet this increased expense. It is also hoped that the forward movement that has been so auspiciously begun during the last two years in securing additional funds for the Board may be continued in an even larger measure than in the past. The Committee on Nomination of Officers reported a list of nominations, and it was voted that the Secretary cast one ballot for the list. The following officers were de­ clared elected: — President Editorial Secretary E d w a r d C. M o o r e , D.D. W i l l i a m E. S t r o n g , D.D.

Vice-President Associate Secretaries David Percy Jones, of Minneapolis, Minn. R e v . E n o c h F. B e l l R e v . D. B r e w e r E d d y Members of the Prudential Committee {Term Expires iQ2o) Treasurer E d w a r d D. E a t o n , D.D., of Cambridge, Mass. Frank H. W iggin R e v . W il l a r d L. S p e r r y H e r b e r t A. W i l d e r Recording Secretary C h a r l e s S. B a t e s , of Exeter, N. H. O s c a r E. M a u r e r , D.D. Minutes of the Annual Meeting 7

CTerm expires ig ig ) C h a r l e s A. B l i s s , of Newburyport, Mass. Assistant Recording Secretary (For unexpired term, 1919, in place of Rev. Edward W. Capen, PH.D. Francis 0 . Winslow, resigned.)

Secretaries for Correspondence Auditors James L. Barton, D.D. E d w in H . B a k e r C o r n e li u s H. P a t t o n , D.D. W il l ia m B . P l u n k e t t Edward Liincoln Smith, D.D. H e r b e r t J . W e l l s

Supt. W. B. D. Gray, of Wyoming, invoked the divine blessing upon the newly elected officers. Dr. Frank K. Sanders presented the report of the Special Committee appointed at the last meeting of the Board to consider work in Latin America. The report was re­ ceived and ordered placed on file, and the Board took up the consideration of the fol­ lowing resolution presented by the Special Committee: —

Resolved, That while the American Board is unable at this time to assume the responsibility of establishing a new mission in one of the South American republics, it is inclined to look with favor on some participation, not involving a large immediate commitment of funds, in the edu­ cational or literary enterprises which are so vital to the progress of evangelical Christianity in the southern continent of this hemisphere. It therefore requests the President of the Board to continue the consideration of the question, in the hope that some specific proposal may be brought before a future meeting for its consideration.

After discussion it was voted to adopt the first part of the resolution. It was also voted to substitute for the second part the following, in the form of two resolutions: —

Resolved, That the Special Committee on Proposed Work in Latin America be continued for the further study of the subject. Resolved, That the Prudential Committee be empowered to enter into such work in the South American field during the ensuing year as it may deem practicable and wise.

It was voted that the Rev. Dwight Goddard be added to the Special Committee. A resignation from Corporate Membership having been received from Mr. John M . Gould, of Portland, Me., it was voted that in view of Mr. Gould’s long and honorable connection with the Board, we affectionately decline to accept his resignation and re­ quest that he withdraw the same. The President nominated the following persons for the Committee to Nominate New Members, to serve three years, and they were appointed by the Board: Harry Wade Hicks, New Jersey; Fred B. Hill, Minnesota; Paul C. Warren, Michigan. The Minutes were read and corrected, and thè Recording Secretary was authorized to complete the same. A recess was declared at five o’clock.

TUESDAY EVENING

The Board assembled at Memorial Hall at 7.45 o’clock, Vice-President Eaton in the chair. Pres. Ozora Davis, of Chicago, conducted the devotional exercises. The annual address was delivered by President Moore. 8 Minutes of the Annual Meeting

Rev. Edward Payson Drew, of Massachusetts, recently returned from a year’s visit to China, delivered an address on “ The Challenge and Appeal of Missionary Service Today.” After a hymn, Secretary Eddy introduced a group of Student Volunteers from Ohio State University and Oberlin College, four of whom spoke briefly, Rev. Ray E. Phillips, who with his wife is on his way to South Africa, made a short address. President Moore then presented commissions to Mr. and Mrs. Phillips, and Secretary Patton made the prayer of consecration. After singing the hymn, “Ye Christian heralds, go, proclaim,” Dr. Carl S. Patton offered prayer and pronounced the benediction, and the President declared the One Hundred and Eighth Annual Meeting of the Board to be adjourned sine die.

(Signed) O s c a r E d w a r d M a u r e r , Recording Secretary. ANNUAL REPORT 1916-1917

A Victorious Year

REPORT OF THE PRUDENTIAL COMMITTEE FOR THE HOME DEPARTMENT 1916-1917

The note of hope with which we closed the report of the Home De­ partment one year ago has not been belied. In several particulars the year just ended has been one of the most successful in our his­ tory, while, taken as a whole, it offers unusual ground for gratitude and encouragement. It is, therefore, with no small degree of satis­ faction that we traverse the work of the year along the two main lines of Home Department endeavor: the securing of funds for the conduct of the work, and the recruiting of our missionary force.

A Year of Enlarged Giving

Many of the older friends of the Board will recall the time when we used to speak of $1,000,000 as the goal of our endeavor. In the period when our receipts were averaging about $750,000 per year, and when practically no progress was being made, to talk of secur­ ing a round million appeared almost chimerical. Yet how per­ sistently our late president, Mr. Samuel B. Capen, held before us this prospect! Today we record the seventh consecutive year in which the receipts have passed beyond this mark. Our 107th year gives us the largest total of all, namely, $1,247,715,99. The gain over the former year, $40,589.45, is not as large as the gain we re­ ported one year ago, but it is sufficient to indicate that the Board has an increasing hold upon the interests and affections of its sup­ porters. Especially do we find encouragement when we examine the various sources of income. In three of the items we excel all pre­ vious records. For the first time since the centennial period have the churches passed the highwater mark in giving registered at that time, namely, $278,185.48. This year we record in the column of donations from churches to the general Board $290,598.27. The Treasurer is also able to make a record showing in the income com­ ing to the Board from matured conditional gifts. The steady de­ velopment of this fund during the past ten years, both in the matter ii 12 Home Department

of the number of givers and in the amounts involved, has enabled us to count upon this source of income as a fairly stable asset. This year, however, we register a figure considerably beyond the average. Through the maturing of twenty conditional gifts, the Board has been able to apply to the work of the year $73,261.46, a gain of $26,385.72 over the previous year, which, in turn, was the largest total up to that time. Our legacies also, after being subjected to the thirding process in connection with the Twentieth Century Fund, have yielded handsomely, although not quite as much as a year ago, the sum being $219,114.37. The gifts of individuals for the general fund, which have come direct to our treasury, register $79,710.22, a gain over the previous year of $8,943.21; not, however, equaling the centennial records of 1910 and 1911. In the matter of individual gifts, this is the third best year in the history of the Board. For five years now; we have seen a steady increase in gifts for special objects designated by the donor. A year ago, when we re­ ported a little over $150,000 for these objects, we considered that a remarkable record had been established. This year we report in the same column $187,299.85, a gain of $35,612.59. This sum is made up of a multitude of small donations from personal friends of missionaries, churches, Sunday schools, and Young People’s So­ cieties, and also from generous friends of the Board, who are ap­ proached by the Secretaries and missionaries in behalf of special developments and enterprises which we are unable to carry in our regular budget. Some of these gifts are annual donations, and go to the sustaining of departments and institutions which might fairly be considered as belonging to the regular work of the Board. Since, however, their disposition is controlled by the donor, they aro technically listed as specials. Some of the more important of these gifts have been the following: $25,000 for the Peking Union Uni­ versity; 810,000 for the Kodaikanal School for Missionaries' Chil­ dren in India; 810,000 for Miss Millard’s School for the Blind, Bombay; 85,000 for International College, Smyrna; $5,000 for the hospital at Fenchow, China; S3,000 for the hospital at Tehchow. China; S2,500 for advance work in the-Philippines; 81,000 for the hospital at Van, Turkey; $1,000 for the Normal School, Ahmedna- gar; four gifts of $1,000 each for the boarding school at Dindigul, India; $13,935 for evangelistic work under the charge of twenty- six different missionaries in Africa, India, Ceylon, China, Japan, and Spain. To this last gift, which is but one in a succession ol Home Department 13 generous donations which have come from the same source in recent years, we owe it that our evangelistic work in ten different missions has been placed on an aggressive basis. A single item in the special evangelistic budget, which this friend has financed, is the sending of native preachers into fifty new villages in India. We call attention to the unusual number and size of these special gifts in order to give expression to the deep sense of obligation which we feel for the help afforded in this way, and also to indicate to our Corporate Members and friends the splendid opportunity which we can offer to those who, in addition to sustaining the regular work of the Board through their church system of benevolence, are in a posi­ tion to make Christian investments in foreign lands. Possibly no organization in the world is in a better position to serve the generous hearted in this respect than the American Board. We have preferred to dwell upon the enlarging income of the Board, as indicative of the hopeful outlook, rather than to emphasize the fact that our obligations have been met in full. Yet we must not fail to rejoice in this satisfactory achievement. This is the fourth consecutive year in which we have been able to render such a report. The last debt of the Board was in 1913, when there wac a shortage of a little over SI 1 ,000, which sum was later covered by private sub­ scriptions. There are those who argue that an occasional deficit at the end of the year would be a good thing for the Board, on the theory that prosperity too long continued leads to indifference; that many churches and individuals need the pressure of debt in order for them to realize the incessant and increasing demands of the work. We prefer, however, the psychology which builds upon encouragement and hope rather than upon fear. The fact that the friends of foreign missions have stood by the Board so nobly during this year of unusual financial uncertainty would seem to indicate that our confidence has not been misplaced. Let no friend of the Board, however, suppose that the financing of the work during the past year has been an easy task. The year has abounded in earnest measures: on the one hand, to keep down expenditures, and on the other hand, to build up our income. When the annual appropriations were made in the fall, they were not ad­ vanced a dollar, the expectation being that special emergencies would arise from war conditions, so that we might be compelled at any moment to add materially to the sums originally set apart. This proved to be the case, especially in the matter of meeting the ris­ 14 Home Department ing rate of exchange in China, a situation which entailed an addi­ tional expense of about $12,000. As we reached August, the final month of the year, it was found that it would be necessary to secure $50,000 above the normal amount for that month in order to avoid a deficit. Special efforts were then put forth to impress our churches and individual friends with the emergency which confronted the Board. Aside from the fear of debt, we felt that failure to meet the needs of the work would be interpreted by many as indicating a lessening interest in the Christian enterprise abroad as compared with the patriotic appeals which arise from the war. The response was on the whole reassuring, especially as to the rank and file of our givers. Comparatively few large donations reached the treasury in August ($1,000 was the largest single gift), but there was such an outpouring of moderate sums — $5, $10, and $25 — that the situa­ tion steadily improved through the month. Increased returns from legacies, matured conditional gifts, and interest funds happily supplemented the donations, and the outcome was as indicated. We mention these details because of the impression in certain quarters that the Board habitually advertises a crisis in August, and as habitually meets it by the generosity of a few friends, who hold back their gifts until the account is about to be closed. Such is not the case. In so far as the Board is successful in its finances, it is because we leave no stone unturned to secure the largest pos­ sible amount from every possible source at every possible time.

The Laborers are Few

The showing of the year as to missionary candidates is not all we could wish. Thirty-nine missionaries have received the appoint­ ment of the Board and five have been engaged for a term of years, making forty-four new workers in all. The list includes Rev. and Mrs. Irving M. Channon, who resigned in 1913, after twenty-three years of service in the Micronesia Mission, and who now are reap­ pointed for work in the Philippines. Not all of the appointees have sailed. On account of war conditions, it has been thought best to continue the policy of the previous two years and to make few ap­ pointments to Turkey and the Balkans. Only seven such appoint­ ments have been made to the four missions involved. This explains in part the comparatively small number going out this year. An additional embarrassment is found in the fact that the war has Home Department 15 claimed so many physicians and nurses that it has been well-nigh impossible to recruit our medical work. At the beginning of the year, the Prudential Committee authorized the securing of thirteen physicians to fill as many positions of special need and opportunity. We have been able, however, to fill only one of these positions. Beyond these special causes for the falling off in candidates, we must face the fact that as a regular thing the supply is by no means equal to the demand. This situation, to which we have called atten­ tion repeatedly in these reports, bears particularly hard just now on the missions in India and Africa. We are looking for ten ordained men for these fields alone, and with very few candidates in sight. In the Marathi Mission and the South Africa Mission, the situation may fairly be considered as critical. Year after year institutions and stations are left without oversight, while all thought of advance must be given up. Not only is this situation disastrous to the work in hand, but the impression goes out among the non-Christian people that the American churches are not interested sufficiently to send them the messengers of salvation. The Woman’s Boards are greatly embarrassed by the lack of missionary teachers and evangelistic workers. From the thousands of Congregational young women graduating each year from our schools and colleges, only twenty-five or thirty can ordinarily be found qualified and willing for this supreme sendee of love. The Woman’s Board of Missions, by way of celebrating its Jubilee year, has undertaken to secure fifty new missionaries, one for each year of its life. According to last accounts, they will hardly secure twenty of this number. We desire anew to call the attention of members of the Board, and especially of our pastors and theological seminary professors, to this distressing situation, in the hope that the Home Department may count upon these leaders as an active recruiting force for the work. The list of appointments for the year is as follows: — West Central A f r i c a Miss Almira F. Holmes. South Africa: Mr. and Mrs. Wesley C. Atkins, Rev. and Mrs. Ray E. Phillips, Rev. and Mrs. Donald J. Taylor. Western Turkey: Mrs. John H. Kingsbury, Rev. and Mrs. Walter N. James, Mr. and Mrs. Carl C. Compton. Eastern Turkey: Mr. and Mrs. Henry H. White. Marathi: Miss Carolyn A. Welles, Rev. and Mrs. Ernest E. Morrill. i 6 Home Department

M adura: Rev. and Mrs. Emmons E. White, Miss Bertha K. Smith, Miss Mary M. Rogers. Foochow. Rev. and Mrs. Samuel H. Leger, Mrs. Charles S. Storr?,, Miss L. Vera McReynolds. North China: Rev. Rowland M. Cross, Miss Alice M. Huggins, Rev. and Mrs. Alfred D. Heininger, Miss Clara A. Nutting. South China: Miss Mabel E. Daniels. Jap an : Miss Sarah M. Field, Miss Alice E. Cary. Mexico; Rev. and Mrs. Leavitt 0. Wright, Miss Jessie Bissell. Philippines: Rev. and Mrs. Irving M. Channon.

Appointed but not Designated Mr. Ernest T. Shaw.

Term Appointments

Balkans: Miss Sarah E. Guernsey. North China: Mr. Arthur H. Buschman, Miss Maryette H. Lum. Madura: Miss Maty Pauline Jeffery, Mr. Benjamin F. Salisbury. An examination of the above list reveals that our new missionaries have graduated from twenty-four colleges and four theological sem­ inaries. The division between East and West is more favorable to the East than for several years, the figures being respectively seven­ teen and twenty-two. The colleges furnishing more than one missionary are: Mt. Holyoke, 6 ; Carle ton, 4; Oberlin, 3; Grinnell, 3; Washburn, 3; Northfield, 2.

District Offices

During the absence of Secretary Smith on a foreign tour covering India, Ceylon, China, and Japan, the New York office was cared for by Rev. Giles G. Brown, of the Ceylon Mission, whose furlough was extended for the purpose. Mr. Brown not only attended to the business details of the office, but proved an effective advocate for the Board among the churches and associations of the Middle District. On account of the growing strength of the denomination in the Interior District, it has been found desirable to provide an assistant to Dr. Hitchcock in the Chicago office. Thus far we have been able to meet thii need by asking a detained volunteer or young mis Home Department sionary on furlough to work at the Secretary’s side. Such service was rendered during the early part of the year by Mr. A. R. Mather, who is now in charge of our educational work in Rhodesia. Begin­ ning with September 1, Rev. Arthur C. Ryan, of Constantinople, has come to the office, and until conditions make it possible for him to return to his field, he will be available for speaking and other en­ gagements throughout the Interior region. The work of Rev. J. K . Browne, in connection with the San Fran­ cisco office, has been blessed in quite unusual ways. This devoted veteran has traveled among the far Western states, addressing churches, Sunday schools, Men’s Clubs, Women’s Meetings, Pas­ tors’ Meetings, ecclesiastical bodies, summer conferences, and public schools, with the same ardor and unremitting toil that he displayed when a touring missionary in Eastern Turkey. Arrange­ ments have been made for him to continue this service for another year. We are glad to announce that so long as he is detained in this country, Rev. Ralph Harlow, of Smyrna, will be available for field work in New England district, with headquarters at Boston. Mr. Harlow will work under the direction of the Home Department, and will devote himself to the intensive cultivation of five or six Congre­ gational centers in New England, with their outlying churches. In addition to this work, which will keep him in the field much of the time, while at home he will devote himself to the securing of mision study groups in the churches of Greater Boston. It is our hope that this intensive work, inaugurated by Mr. Harlow, may be continued for several years, so that its financial and educational results may be put to a thorough test. For several years the New England churches have been asking for a larger degree of cultivation on the part of the Board. Many other missionaries on furlough have rendered conspicuous sendee during the year, and to them we owe a very large debt in the matter of making the Board’s work familiar and interesting to our widely scattered constituency. Naturally the Home Department officers are deeply concerned in the success of the Tercentenary plans of the denomination. Two of the goals, the one relating to the raising of the full apportionment and the one relating to the recruiting of Christian workers, bear directly upon our problem. Beyond this is the fundamental con­ sideration that the Board can prosper and develop only on the basis i8 Home Department

of the growing spirituality and efficiency of the churches at home. If the five goals which the denomination has set before the churches can be reached by 1920, no Congregational organization is likely to benefit in a larger way than the American Board.

Administrative Items

The growing work of the Board is reflected in the need which has arisen for more space in the home office. We are glad to announce that our offices have been enlarged and our practical convenience greatly increased through the acquiring of the rooms formerly oc­ cupied by the Woman’s Board of Missions, this organization having arranged for its own expanding work in another part of the building. We feel that on the material side of its equipment the Board is in a position to attend to its great task with increasing efficiency and dispatch. The Prudential Committee also rejoices in the acquisition by the denomination of an admirably located and furnished committee room in the Congregational House. The sessions of the Committee are so long and laborious that these new arrangements are greatly appreciated. In this connection it may be of interest to record that the full Committee has met twenty-five times during the year, with the number of Sub-committee meetings not recorded. Some­ thing over 800 separate items of business have been presented by the officers of the Board and have received the attention of the Com­ mittee. On February 7, 1917, the Committee obtained from the General Court of Massachusetts an amendment to our charter, by which the Board is authorized to hold real estate to an amount not exceeding in value ten million dollars, and personal property to an amount not exceeding twenty-five million dollars. The previous property limits were: for real estate, three million dollars; and fo r personal property, ten million dollars. In these days of rapid growth in internationalism, when people’s minds are being turned more and more to the extension of the Christian religion throughout the earth, when great foundations are being created to p r o m o t e Christian civilization, and persons of means are increasingly in­ clined to remember the cause of foreign missions in their wills, it was thought that the Board should be in a position to receive and administer gifts beyond the limits hitherto allowed by our charter. Home Department 19

This privilege was granted by the Massachusetts General Court with cordial unanimity, and should serve as an invitation and incen­ tive to many of our constituents.

The Woman’s Board of Missions Jubilee

This report would be deficient without further reference to the completion of a half century of history by our Woman’s Board of Missions, which is the oldest denominational organization among the women for the carrying on of work in foreign lands. From the beginning of the foreign missionary movement, the women of our churches have been an important factor in the work. Ann Judson and Harriet Newell were the first of a long line of missionary wives who went to the field in the same spirit of high devotion as that which characterized their husbands. In the early days unmarried women were occasionally sent to the field in order to establish schools for the children and to do evangelistic work among the native women. The separate organization of women’s work for women was brought about in 1867, through the farseeing vision of Mrs. Albert Bowker and a few devoted women of Boston, who were strongly backed in the councils of the Board by Secretary Clark. The incorporation of the Woman’s Board of Missions was effected in 1868, and during the same year there was incorporated a similar society in Chicago, under the title, The Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior. Five years later, the women of the Pacific Coast joined the movement by organizing the Woman’s Board of Missions for the Pacific. We are unable, within the narrow limits of this report, to give an adequate characterization of the results of this woman’s movement during its first fifty years. It is sufficient to say that the expectations of those who founded these auxiliary so­ cieties have been grandly fulfilled. It means much that these or- anizations, since their foundation, have contributed to the work in the field, through the treasury of the American Board, the im­ pressive sum of $8,375,008.84. It is almost a commonplace to re­ mark that the ardor of the women in behalf of foreign missions in many of our churches outstrips that of the men. In not a few of our churches, the gifts of the women actually are larger than those of the general congregation. On the foreign field, the woman’s work has established itself as of very large importance. We trust the Jubilee meeting of the Woman’s Board of Missions, which is to 20 Home Department

be held next month in Boston, may be an occasion of very unusual interest and significance; and we would express to the leaders of our three Woman’s Boards the hearty congratulations of the parent society, together with the hope that in the coming years they may be prospered in even larger measure than in the past.

The Years Ahead

The conspicuous event of the year is the fact that the Congrega­ tional churches are standing by their foreign work. Let this be known far and wide. In war times there has been no talk of retrench­ ment, no thought of retreat. Thus the year furnishes a promising background for our future plans. On the strength of this achieve­ ment, it is our belief that the churches may be counted upon to meet such emergencies as may arise from time to time, in the de­ termination that the missionaries and the work shall not suffer through their neglect. Are we warranted in going one step farther and expressing confidence that out of these war experiences the churches will come to a new conception of what partnership in this work involves, a new measure of participation through their gifts? It is a matter of common remark that, stirred by the patriotic appeal and by the spectacle of hundreds of thousands of our choicest young men freely offering their lives in their country’s service, American' business men have learned to give of their means as never before. The raising of these great funds for Belgian and Armenian relief, for the Red Cross ministrations, for the hut work of the Young Men’s Christian Association, not to mention the direct support of governmental measures, has indeed been impressive. Sums un­ heard of in the past have been asked for and have been granted with quick generosity. Will this new liberality abide after the war? Has there been a permanent conversion to a world view of human need and of personal obligation? Can we capitalize this splendid devotion for the ends of peace, for the constructive work of the Kingdom? When the fighting is over, when the demands of war beneficence are met, and the church must settle down to her age-long task, is there to be no new vision, no larger sense of the place of money in the Christianization of the world? These are some of the questions in our minds as we face the future. We look for greater things in the years that lie ahead. Just as the American nation has broken from the narrow Home Department 21 nationalim of the past and has taken her place permanently, let us believe, among those who bear the banner of civilization throughout the world, so the American Church will give herself in a larger and stronger way than ever before to the task of winning the world to Christ. By every providential sign, by every divinely ordered cir­ cumstance, we are called to plan mighty things. Some fifteen years ago, on the strength of national awakenings in the Far East, we began to talk about a new era in this work. From that time to this, the course of events has tended to confirm all our expectations so far as the readiness of the world for the Christian message is concerned. Yet Christian America has held^back. There has been no such out­ pouring of life and money this past decade and a half as the situa­ tion abroad has demanded. There has been gain in certain direc­ tions, but nothing commensurate with the opportunity abroad and the resources at home. Have we found ourselves at last through the bitter experience of a world war? Has it come to pass that we must fight for a sinning and suffering world, in order that we may learn to pray and give in its behalf? If it should be so, the path to the goal w ill indeed be strange, but the outcome can hardly be in doubt.

REPORT OF THE INTERIOR DISTRICT

By Secretary A. N. Hitchcock, D.D.

It has been the aim of the past year to lay large emphasis on the diffusion of information concerning the work of the American Board. By the distribution of literature, for which the demand has been considerable; by much personal correspondence; by many inter­ views with individuals; by group conferences, through the wide­ spread use of stereopticon views — used on eight hundred and sixty- eight different occasions from the Chicago office alone, exceeding all previous records; and by means of public addresses on all sorts of occasions, this aim has been kept in view. The illness of the Chicago Secretary, for which the Prudential Committee generously granted a leave of absence, placed some limitation upon this work, but we have had efficient office help and the valued services of several returned missionaries, so that some distinct gains have been real­ ized. Nearly nineteen hundred churches in this district have con­ tributed, through some channel, to our work. This number in- 22 Home Department

eludes practically all the large and medium size churches and a multitude of the small ones. There has been a distinct gain in the number of Sunday Schools contributing during the past year and in the amount of their con­ tributions. In Illinois, where the increase was most marked, much of this result has been due to the Efficiency Plan, with its accessories of chart, literature, collection boxes, etc., a plan originated among the Chicago Secretaries, but now, with some variations, adopted throughout the country, in a considerable number of schools. In the Interior District alone, about six hundred and fifty Sunday schools have already adopted this Efficiency Plan for the year 1917, a plan which provides for a contribution for each of the Societies and for a study of its work during a certain portion of the year. It should also be said that this increase in Sunday school contributions has been to a considerable extent referable to our joint plan of co­ operation with the Woman's Board, which will hereafter be our me­ thod of adapting and using the general Efficiency Plan. It is clear that the time has arrived for a thoroughly co-operative denomi­ national effort among our Sunday schools; one which shall excludc rivalry, give each cause a fair chance, and command the united sup­ port of pastors, state superintendents, and Sunday school workers. During the past year, always welcomed visits into this district have been made by Dr. Patton, Dr. Barton, and Secretary Eddy, and their counsel and addresses have been a source of strengthened confidence and larger enthusiasm for our work; the more so, if possible, considering the extraordinary world conditions through which we are now passing. The following missionaries have given valuable help in this dis­ trict: Rev. F. B. Bridgman, D.D., and Rev. J. P. Dysart, of Africa; Rev. George E. White, D.D., Rev. J. P. McNaughton, D.D., Rev. Clarence D. Ussher, M.D., Rev. Ernest Pye, and Rev. Arthur C. Ryan, of Turkey; Rev. F. E. Jeffery, of India; Rev. Robert F Black, of the Philippines; and Rev. John Howland, D.D., Rev. Alfred C. W7right, and Mr. Louis B. Fritts, of Mexico. It is with great pleasure that I am able to report the securing of Rev. Arthur C. Ryan, a returned missionary from Turkey, as an assistant in the field covered by the Interior District. He is al­ ready busily at work and is warmly welcomed among the churches. The Co-operating Committee, both individually and as a commit­ tee, have given abundant proof of their loyalty to our work. For Home Department 23 unavoidable reasons, not so many meetings of the Full Committee have been held as usual, but the ready counsel of individual mem­ bers and of the special committee on Real Estate and Buildings has been of great value. The Committee consists of the following gentlemen: M. A. Myers, Esq., Chairman; Rev. W. E. Barton, D.D.; M. J. Carpenter, Esq.; Pres. Edward D. Eaton, LL.D.; David Fales, Esq.; Wade Fetzer, Esq.; Frank Kimball, Esq.; Rev. W. T. McElveen, PH.D.; J. H. Moore, Esq.; and E. H. Pit­ kin, Esq.

The financial returns for the year have been as follows: —

A. B. C. F. M.

Churches and individuals, including special objects . $120,309.51 Sunday schools, including special objects...... 3,688.20 C. E. Societies, including special objects ...... 765 .92 Legacies ...... 48,200.02

SI 72,953.65

W. B. M. I.

Missionary Societies, including specials ...... S118.133.70 Sunday Schools, including special objects , . . 5,321.10 C. E. Societies, including special ob jects ...... 2,362.48

SI 25,817.28

These figures show a full total from this district of S298,770.92. This is an advance of S75,590.90 over the preceding year, and ex­ ceeds by over $46,000 the largest returns ever shown in this district. In a time when the cost of living has been steadily advancing and the stress and strain of the world war have weighed heavily upon all hearts, it is a pleasure to record this evident proof of con­ fidence and loyalty among the supporters of the great w'ork of the American Board. May He, in whose hand is the destiny of Nations, continue to guide and prosper this w^ork until the scepter of the Prince of Peace is reverently acknowledged throughout the w-orld. 24 Home Department

REPORT OF THE PACIFIC COAST DISTRICT

By Secretary Henry H. Kelsey, D. D.

As last year, we report a cheerful and promising outlook. No large increase in giving is probable from the coast churches, except through special gifts from individuals. Indications, however, lead us to expect a steady increase in receipts as we are able to secure a wider area of intelligent interest in the membership through the extension of missionary education. Two effective agencies are now operative to this end: — First, the Missionary Education Conferences held each summer at Asilomar, Cal., and Seabeck, Wash. The attendance this year was fifty per cent above that of 1916 at Asilomar, and about a hundred per cent at Seabeck; and in both there developed such earnestness of purpose and enthusiasm as insures a still larger attendance next year. The orders for text-books, now coming in, are convincing evidence that those trained in these Conferences are becoming leaders in mission study in their home churches, especially among our young people. Second, there is no more enthusiatic missionary propaganda on the coast than is found in the efficient Christian Endeavor organiza­ tion. It is gratifying that they are increasingly welcoming and seek­ ing the co-operation of our missionary board. The Secretary counts the numerous and urgent invitations which have come to him this year to address Endeavor Conventions as new opportunities of first importance. He also is grateful for the privilege of helping in the promotion of the cause of Armenian and Syrian Relief. For a time this office was the headquarters of this service in Northern California, and required a large expenditure of time in conference and correspondence. Aside from the usual attendance upon meetings of state confer­ ences and local associations, some time and effort have been given to the organization of Laymen’s Missionary Movement Conventions. A series of eighteen such conventions will be held in this district during the coming season. The American Board Secretary has been asked by the coast secretaries and superintendents to represent the denomination in these conventions. The Assistant Secretary, Rev. John K. Browne, has done a yeo­ man service in a very busy and fruitful year. He has visited Home Department 25 churches in Southern California, New Mexico, Arizona, Oklahoma, Colorado, Utah, Idaho, Montana, Oregon, and Washington, visiting some of these states two or three times; always most warmly wel­ comed and always giving inspiration, a wide outlook, and a spiritual uplift to the people. Our stereopticon lectures are in constant use. Because of the distance between centers, three depositories of these lectures are maintained, at Los Angeles, San Francisco, and Seattle. Because of the peril of travel on the Atlantic, we are privileged to welcome to this district missionaries coming and going from India and Africa, as well as from Japan, China, and the Philippines; those even on their way to the Turkish Empire. This is greatly appreciated by us and by the women of the Woman’s Board of Mis­ sions for the Pacific, who have a hospitality committee to welcome and minister to our missionary guests. In this service in behalf of our missionaries, a large number participate, to our very great pleasure and profit. The American Board Missions in Africa

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

ZULU BRANCH Adams (1835). (Amanzimtoti). — Albert E. LeRoy, ordained: Principal of Amanzimtoti Institute and Normal School; mission treasurer. Mrs. Rhoda A. LeRoy. Domestic science teacher in Amanzimtoti; work for women. Henry A. Stick, ordained: Teacher in Theological Seminary; mission secretary. Mrs. Bertha H. Stick: Work for women. K . Robert Brueckner: Industrial work in Amanzimtoti Institute and Normal School.

In an d a (1837) — Mrs. Mary K. Edwards: Work for women. M iss Evelyn F. Clarke: Principal of Inanda Seminary. Miss Dorothea E. Kielland; Language study; teacher of domestic science in Seminary. Miss Minnie E. Carter: Lan­ guage study; teacher in Seminary.

Mapumulo (1848). —

Ifafa (1848).— Arthur F. Christofersen, ordained: Language study; super­ visor of South Coast churches. Mrs. Ju lia R. Christofersen: Language study; work for women.

Esidumbini (1849). —

Umzumbe (1861).— George B. Cowles, ordained: Supervisor of Umzumbe field; general work. Mrs. Amy B. Cowles: General work for women and girls of station. Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman: Helps in Umzumbe Home School and station.

D urban (1892). — Jam esB. McCord, M. D .: In charge of hospital and general medical work. Mrs. Margaret M. McCord: Work among patients. Ralph L. Abraham, ordained: Supervisor of primary school work of Adams district; also Adams and Imfume churches. Mrs. Clara N. Abraham: Bible work and work for women.

Umzunduze (1847). —

Johannesburg (1893). — Frederick B. Bridgman, ordained: In charge of sta­ tion and city work. Mrs. Clara D. Bridgman: Sunday School supervisor and work for women.

Beira (1905). — Mrs. KatherineS. Maxwell: In charge of station and evangelis­ tic work; work for women.

(Note: Old stations on mission reserves now supervised from other centers: Imfume Amahlongwa, Itafamasi, Groutville [Umvoti].) 26 Missions in Africa 27

On way to field. — Ray E. Phillips, ordained: Mrs. DoraL. Phillips', Charles N. Ransom, ordained: Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom; Wesley C. Atkins; Mrs. Edna S. Atkinsj Miss Carohne E. Frost-, Miss Fidelia Phelps.

On furlough.— James D. Taylor, ordained; Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor; Fred R. Bunker, ordained; Mrs. Belle H. Bunker-, Miss Maltha E. Price; Miss Edith A. Conn.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment. — (Adams), Mr. James Grey, charge of Normal Department of Amanzimtoti Institute; Mrs. Grey, teaching domestic science; Mr. Van Gelder, agricultural teacher, ; Mrs. Van Gelder; Mr. W. Wells; and Mr. Osterman, teachers in Amanzimtoti Institute. (Inanda), Miss Dickinson, Miss Ethrell Thompson-, and Miss Grace Hitchcock, teachers in Inanda Seminary. (Johannesburg), M r.S .B . Norton helps in sta­ tion work. (Umzumbe), M iss M. E. Tebbatt, now on furlough.

After over 5 years waiting in this country for health reasons, Mr. and Mrs. Ran­ som are returning not as fully appointed missionaries, but with a readiness to help as far as they are able. Miss Frost is returning to her work at Adams. Miss Phelps is also going back, having more than completed her furlough, while Miss Price remains in this country. The others on furlough are Mr. and Mrs. Taylor, Mr. and Mrs. Bunker, and Miss Conn; the last three because of health reasons. Mr. and Mrs. Bridgman after an extended trip through Japan resumed their old work in Johannesburg last May. Mr. Bridgman received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Oberlin College while in the United States. Four new mis­ sionaries, Rev. and Mrs. Ray E. Phillips (to be located in Johannesburg), Mr and Mrs. Wesley C. Atkins, appointed with the Primary School work in mind, are join­ ing the mission, and two others, Rev. and Mrs. Donald J. Taylor who will not leave for the field until several months later. A sad and heavy blow to the Mission and Board was the death of Mr. Maxwell at Durban, on August 23, 1917 while attending the Union Mission Meeting. Mrs. Maxwell remains at Beira until re­ inforcements can be sent to her aid. Mr. and Mrs. Stick and Mr. and Mrs. Christofersen are again transferred, the former from Durban to Adams, and the latter from Mapumulo to Ifafa. Mr. and Mrs. Abraham are located at Durban instead of Inanda. Owing to his internment Mr. Brueckner has not been at Adams during the year although still a member of that station.

RHODESIA BRANCH

Mt. Silinda (1893). — William R. Lawrence, M. D .: In charge of medical work and study of the Portuguese language. M rs. FlorenceE. Lawrence-. Trained nurse; work for women and girls. Thomas King, ordained: In charge of church and evangelistic work at Mt. Silinda and outstations; mission treasurer. Mrs. Estelle R. King: Work for women; teaches music in the schools. Arthur J.Orner: In charge of the industrial department; mission secretary. Mts. Dorothy H. Orner: Work for women. Arlen R. Mather: Educational work and language study. Mrs. FayE. Mather: Language study. M iss Minnie A. Tontz: Principal of Mt. Silinda School; in charge of Boarding Department, 28 Missions in Africa

Chikore (1895). — George A . Wildet, D. D., ordained: Principal of Bible School; translation work; in charge of church and evangelistic work. Mrs. Alice C. Wild­ er. Work for women; teacher of music and needle work in the Chikore School. M iss Minnie Clarke'. Principal of Chikore School; in charge of Boarding Depait- ment.

On way to field. — John P. Dysart, ordained; Mrs. Mathilde T. Dysart.

On furlough. — Columbus C. Fuller; Mrs. Ju lia B. Fuller-, William M. Thompson, M. D . ; Mrs. Mary E. Thompson.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment. — (Mt. Silinda), Mr. T.Brent, assistant in Industrial Department. (Chikore), Miss Mary K.Bates, trained nurse, in charge of medical work in Chikore and teacher in station school.

Those on furlough are Mr. and Mrs. Fuller and Dr. and Mrs. Thompson. Mr and Mrs. Dart have been transferred by the Board to the West Africa Mission for the industrial work at Dondi. Mr. Dysart is leaving soon for Beira for the temporary relief of that station until permanent arrangements can be made for reinforcements. Mr. and Mrs. Arlen R. Mather have reached Mt. Silinda and are busy with language study. After a lingering illness Mrs. A. Gifford, who was Miss Edith Lundquist, died at Mt. Silinda May 3, 1917. Dr. Law rence spent some time at Gogoyo, but is still located at Mt.' Silinda. Miss Tontz has assumed charge of the Mt. Silinda school while Miss Clarke has been transferred to the principalship of the Chikore school.

WEST CENTRAL AFRICA MISSION

Bailundo (1881). — Wesley M. Stover, D. D., ordained: Missionary in charge of station; translation work. Mrs. Bertha D. Stover-, Work for women. Daniel A. Hastings, ordained: Evangelistic work and language study. Mrs. Laura B. Hastings: Language study and work for women. Miss Helen H . Stover: Nurse; Sunday School superintendent; oversight of outstations. Miss Emma C. Redick: Teacher in station school and Sunday School work.

Kamundongo (1886). — William H. Sanders, D. D., ordained: General evan­ gelistic work; mission treasurer; translation work. Mrs. Sarah H. Sandets. Work for women; station treasurer; proofreader. Henry S. Hollenbeck, M. D., ordained: Medical work; head of boys’ boarding school.

Chisamba (1886). —L. Gordon Catlell: In charge of industrial and station work. Mrs. Mai gar et M. Cattell: Work for women. Miss Diadem Bell: Educational work; evangelistic work for women. M iss Helen J . Melville: Assistant in medical work; educational work and work for women.

Ochileso (1903). — Thomas W. Woodside, ordained: In charge of station and outstation work. Miss Janette E. Miller: In charge of station schools.

Sachikela (Chiyaka) (1905). — Merlin IF. Ennis, ordained: Mission secre Missions in Africa 29 tary; in charge of school and evangelistic work. Mrs. Elisabeth L. Ennis: Teacher in girls’ boarding school; work for women. William Cammack, M. D .: Medical work; in charge of industrial and agricultural department of the girls’ boarding school ; village evangelism. Mrs. Libbie S. Cammack, M. D.: Medical and Sunday school work and Primary work.

Dondi (1914). — John T. Tucker, ordained: General educational director in the Institute. Mrs. Mabel L. Tucker-. Work for women. William C. Bell, ordained: Director of industrial department of the Institute; station treasurer. Mrs. Lena H. Bell: Work for women. Mrs. Marion M. Webstet : Matron of girls’ school. Miss Sarah Stimpson : In charge of the central girls’ training school. Miss Margaret W. Melville-. Teacher in Girls’ Training School.

On furlough.— Henry A. Neipp, ordained: Mrs. Frederica L. Neipp; Mrs. Emma D. Woodside. Associated with the mission, not under appointment. — (Kamundongo), Mr. Addison H. Chapin, carpentry and other industrial work; Mrs. Elizabeth H. Chapin, teaching; Mrs. Evelyn F. Hunter, assists in printing.

There has been little coming and going between the Mission and America be­ cause of conditions of travel created by the war. Mr. and Mrs. Neipp hope to return to the field at the end of their regular furlough. Mrs. Woodside has been detained on this side awaiting a favorable time for the journey. The furloughs for Dr. and Mrs. Stover, Dr. and Mrs. Sanders and Miss Miller are long overdue. They will leave the Mission at the first opportunity. It is regretted that by a slip Miss Miller’s name was omitted from the list in the last Report. She has been hard at work at Ochileso, superintending the schools. Dr. and Mrs. Moffat will not return to Africa for health reasons and he is doing medical work in connection with the war. Owing to family conditions Miss Campbell is held in America indefinitely. Two deaths in the ranks must be reported: Mr. James Hunter at Kamundongo, who was accidentally drowned while on a hunting trip on April 26, 1917, and Mrs. Mabel D. Stoke}’ who died at Chicopee Falls, Mass., on May 6, 1917. Dr. Stokey continues in this country with no immediate prospect of going back to the Mission. The changes in location are: Mr. and Mrs. Hastings from Sachikela to Bailundo, and Miss Margaret Melville from Chisamba to Dondi. Miss Elmira F. Holmes who was appointed last year is spending another year at teaching at Hampton Institute before going to Africa. The other new appointees are: Reuben S. Hall, M. D., his fiancée, Miss Beatrice L. Belnavis, Rev. and Mrs. Joseph A. Steed and Miss Elizabeth W. Read, all to be supported by the Cana­ dian Congregational Boards. They will be located at Chisamba. Mr. and Mrs. F. Sidney Dart of Mt. Silinda, Rhodesia, who are now on furlough, have been transferred to the mission to be located at Dondi, and they will sail within a few months. 30 Missions in Africa

THE AFRICA MISSIONS

The Fields The American Board has missionary work in South Africa, East Africa and West Africa. The first-named field comprises Natal and the Transvaal; the second, Rhodesia and much of Portuguese East Africa; while the last is confined to the Portuguese Province of Angola on the Atlantic. Natal, where the Zulu work began in 1835, is a land as large as New Hampshire and Maine combined, full of fine hills, trees and rivers, choice in its climate, and one of the most attractive of mission fields under the British flag. It is pre­ eminently the home of the Zulu, the most aggressive and best known of the native tribes of South Africa. The Transvaal, where the Board has work, is a great rolling plain of high altitude, with a backbone of gold 60 miles long, supplying 40% of the world’s out­ put. It is here that the Board faces one of the greatest missionary problems in all Africa. Rhodesia climatically is called a temperate tableland, politically it is under a well-disposed chartered company. Racial antagonism is pronounced, however, in Rhodesia, and if the black is to be helped he must be helped at once. Our Portuguese East Africa field lies above the Sabi River on toward the Zambesi in the north and stretches from Beira on the Indian Ccean to the high plains of Rhodesia. It is a veritable hunting ground. It has some fine old ruins,«also, recalling the days of Solomon and the great trade of Western Asia with East Africa thousands of years ago. The field contains hundreds of thousands of men without Christ. Politically it is under a chartered company. Angola Province is another Portuguese territory located in West Africa on the Atlantic. In the main it is a plateau 5,000 feet high, as big as seven New Eng- lands, or eleven Ohios, or three Californias. It is comparatively rich in natural resources and well populated. The population is estimated at 4,000,000, including the Ovimbundu,for whom we chief­ ly work. The natives are noted for their traveling and trading pro­ pensities, a good trait for the promotion of Christian ideas and life. For administrative purposes the Board’s fields are called the “South Africa Mission” (with its Zulu and Rhcdesia “branches”) and the “West Africa Mission.” Each is divided into so-called sta­ tions, and all forms of missionary work are conducted in the leading stations, including evangelistic, educational, industrial and agricul­ tural work. Missions in Africa 31 Strategic Needs

The Board’s Africa work calls for strategy of high order. There must be the strategy of adequate missionary occupation; there are still large fields to cover. There must be the strategy of a right emphasis in method. The Board must continue the cultural side of educational work. It must continue to give the young men and women high ideals and purposes. It must, however, adapt itself to the changing economic conditions in Africa, where the native faces a new demand on the part of his own people for mere pro­ ductive machines and where more than ever he has to “make good’’

Tailoring Class at Amanzimtoti, South Africa in the estimation of the white. Emphasis must be placed upon manual training as perhaps never before. Trades must be taught, and the boys and girls must be turned out faithful, industrious workers, skilled in farming, forestry, carpentry, masonry, machine work and domestic service. Every effort must be made to develop a self-supporting as well as self-directing native work. Institutions like Amanzimtoti, Mt. Silinda, Dondi must be highly developed along all lines. This is of the utmost importance. In the third place, strategy calls for an awakened native church through an improved native leadership. The spiritual condition of the Zulu Church is a reason for anxiety. Many are but marking time. Some are even slipping back. Adjustments to modem life somehow weaken the moral fiber of not a few Christians. The churches need, however, 32 Missions in Africa more than a purifying and energizing; they hunger for a new vision, a consciousness of a big mission, and for more evangelistic aggres­ siveness. To meet this demand for improved leadership the Board must provide better training for the ministers. Chikore, in the Rhodesia field, gets good results with a meager equipment, but we cannot but help thinking of the possibility of evangelistic and church growth throughout that field if a first-class theological school could be developed. The West Africa Mission is looking to Dondi for a well-trained ministry in time. It will also develop, we trust, a fine set of Christian teachers for the important school system of the Mission. The Zulu branch, however, presents the most urgent call because of the more advanced stage of the Zulu work, the larger mission field for the activity of the preacher using the Zulu tongue, and the peculiarly pressing need of the Zulu churches for pastors. The time has come for the establishment of a real theological col­ lege. Mr. Taylor is spending his furlough in an appeal for a plant and faculty for this work at Amanzimtoti.

The Zulu Mission

The work among the churches has gone on as usual. On the whole the country work has been just about holding its own. There have been no unpleasant eruptions, controversies or divisions; neither have there been any conspicuous spiritual awakenings. This work among the country churches extends through Natal into Zululand. The work in the cities has been largely confined to Durban and Johannesburg. “In the country one has continually to push, beg and plead,” writes Mr. Stick, "but in Durban one is always put on his metal and is ever studying as to what can be done to best lead a forward-moving mass of men.” The Durban work suggests many alluring enterprises which one would like to launch for the social, moral and spiritual welfare of the natives. The European Congregational churches have put upon their regular work the rendering of help to the Beatrice Street and Montpelier Road colored churches in Durban. The work in the Transvaal has kept up during Dr. Bridgman’s absence. The regular preaching places here now total 62. There are 10 paid native workers. The communicant membership is 1168. Two years ago a work was opened up at Benoni in anticipation of an extension of the gold industry into the far eastern section of the Missions in Africa 33 Rand. This step was takenjuone too soon for a great boom has reached that district. The house which was purchased and con­ verted into a chapel is now too small and steps are already being taken to secure a larger building. The local congregation is enthusi­ astic over the project and promises to make liberal contribution to

The Inanda Laundry the building fund. This work is due to the generosity of a Christian layman of Boston. Perhaps the brightest corner in the Transvaal is to be found in one of the darkest corners of Johannesburg, where a fine work for neglected children has been conducted by the help of several Euro­ pean ladies in the city. Johannesburg offers, as has been so often said, the most far-reach- ing opportunity of any city in South Africa. Every effort should be made to strengthen the local native churches, helping secure for them better buildings and larger funds. The evangelistic work should be pushed throughout the Rand and among all classes. Bible classes must be organized. A larger staff is necessary. From the standpoint of social service a beginning has been made in the securing of funds from friends and in the appointment of Mr. and Mrs. Phillips. There is a vast opportunity before the mis­ sion if the missionaries can be properly supported. Dr. Bridgman feels that the present policy is “ to be too exclusively sky pilots while our converts must make their way along the narrow path which is still glued to earth, a path that is for them not yet straight, a path 34 Missions in Africa that is up-hill with rocks and pitfalls where they need a guide and food and rest houses and balm for their bruised feet.”

“Visit a compound with its 2,000 to 6,000 men and you find that the vast ma­ jority of youths and young men are from eighteen to twenty-five years old. Being Sunday the work underground has been suspended so this for the most part is a holiday. You find the young men preparing food over the smoking braziers, eating, drinking, indulging in war dances and music, loafing in the sunshine, gambling and unmentionable forms of immorality. Visit a municipal location or native township where you find not a compound of men but a community of both men, women and children and a semblance of family life. Yet what an en­ vironment for a home! Monotonous rows of sheet-iron houses, mere hovels many of them, on lots fifty by fifty, the streets either dust or mud as determined by the weather; no sidewalks, the utter darkness of night being a fitting picture of the black pall cast over the community by brazen sin, prevailing poverty, sick­ ness and troubled hearts. Too often the word Location simply spells a legalized slum with its rents and regulations, its superintendent and police. Then pass on to the notorious “yards” of the city. Here you find every evil condition in­ tensified. Worse sanitation and housing, higher rents, more liquor and drunken­ ness, gambling and prostitution. Nor does anyone have any particular use for the old form of evangelistic service. You must meet the native in his new en­ vironment with diversions and amusements and with inviting conditions. Here are tens of thousands of young men with their superabundant animal energy, separated from homes, tribal occupations and restraints, thrown into the glaring allurements of novel city life. If the church is standing still, the native is travel­ ing fast. You may see his football, cricket and tennis clubs hard at it on Sunday from one end of the Reef to the other. Then there are the all-night concerts where eight or ten choirs or glee clubs compete for prizes. These musicals are prone to be not only grotesque but offensive. Such agencies should be utilized for good. The movies have entered the field. Africa is moving while the church apparently clings to the ancient heresy of distinguishing between the sacred and secular, a survival of the mediaeval fallacy of saving souls while ignoring the body in which the soul lives.”

Consequently there is a call for Christian social service at such a center as Johannesburg. This must be emphasized over and over again until it becomes a tremendous motive with the Board and its constituency. Attached to the central church should be a hall for public gatherings, lectures, concerts and the like. There should also be provision for social, reading and game rooms. Bowling alleys and a kitchen and a lunch counter would be valuable adjuncts. And here should be located the medical dispensary which Dr. McCord is so anxious for. The success or failure of the Johannesburg enterprise will continue to affect the work of the Natal churches and even those in the Rhodesia Branch. As Dr. Bridgman reached Johannesburg after Missions in Africa 35 his furlough he found eight boys with packs on there backs just set­ ting out on a long journey to Mr. Silinda and Chikore. It recalls the time when on a trip from Beira to Chikore Dr. Bridgman found a young man in a kraal with a Zulu Bible and a box full of our mission publications which the boy had brought back from Johan­ nesburg where he was converted and taught how to read.

Beira Station

God seems to be testing our faith through failure. Time and again men have been found for this difficult post only to be lost. First it was Mr. Bunker and his family. The work was opening up encouragingly. Even now the “boys” Mr. Bunker discovered

Mr. Maxwell Preaching in the Kraals and sent to Silinda for training are remembered as an earnest of a big future for the Beira work. The station however had to be vacated for health reasons and for several years search was made in vain for the right men. Finally Mr. and Mrs. Maxwell consented to leave Natal and their friends to take up this lone but vitally important post. A doctor was also found. The latter and his wife however got no farther than Portugal, and now Mr. Maxwell has been called to the higher service. Who will go and build upon the foundations laid? Mr. Maxwell, with his associate, Sr. Luz, has built wrell. The past year saw the plant and work at the center developed. Some translation work was done also. Beira stands open for that man who wrants the hardest and yet neediest mission field. 36 Missions in Africa

Rhodesia Branch New Church

One of the outstanding events of the year at Mt. Silinda has been the commencement of work on the church building, this being made possible financially because of a gift of $2,000 from one of Mrs. King’s friends. The young men of the church who owned oxen gave these without cost for the tramping of the clay. Others gave their services free for the burning of the bricks. Another lot of boys quarried stones for the foundation. One member of the church gave his oxen for a month without charge for hauling stone. The women not to be outdone came with their babes on their backs and small baskets in hand containing a few sweet potatoes for their

The New School Building at Mt. Silinda lunch and cleared the place for the building. Everybody had abund­ ant opportunity for work before the completion of the undertaking. The work on the foundation has been a big job. The builder is a member of the church. A settler who is an expert bricklayer has promised to donate a month’s work. The Sunday services at Mt. Silinda have been well attended Missions in Africa 37 during the year, though not many of the non-Christians from the kraals have attended. The Sunday School continues to grow in numbers. The kraal services have been kept up by the Christian boys with the same results as in previous years. The work at Bea­ con Hill has been carried on with the same vigor and faithfulness.

A Wise Settler

One of the settlers has offered a site on his farm for an outstation and is willing to sell anywhere from twenty-five to one hundred acres in connection with the site. He is the first settler in the dis­ trict who has proposed to do anything in this way for mission work. He says “he feels it in his bones that the natives are going to demand it and that it would be impossible for anyone to stop them.” His natives are ripe for mission work.

Official Visit

One thing that made this an unusual year at Mt. Silinda was the visit of the Administrator for Southern Rhodesia, the first that the district has received. Both the Administrator and Lady Chaplin seemed enthusiastic over what was being done for the boys and girls.

Land Question The time has come when the question of land for natives on the station is acute. Nearly every available place is taken at the pres­ ent time. Christian boys wish to come and settle, while the so- called heathen are being moved further and further away.

New Store Circumstances beyond the control of the Rhodesia Branch have finally forced the missionaries to take a step long foreseen as in­ evitable, namely, the establishment of a full-fledged store as a branch of the work of the industrial department. The indications are that the store will very easily meet all expenses connected with ils running, including the ten pounds annual license; indeed a fair margin should be left over which can be used for providing larger stock. It is the hope of the mission to develop this store to such a point that some suitable white man will soon be glad to take 3« Missions in Africa

over the whole venture and relieve the mission of all responsibility in the matter. The license was granted March 10, 1917.

Industrial Transition

The industrial department seems to be passing through a transi­ tional stage. The outlook for its future usefulness is very bright provided it can be placed in such a position as to be able to take ad­ vantage of its opportunities. The past two years show a very re­ markable increase in the number of school boys coming under the mission’s influence in the boarding department, and as a commercial proposition the industrial department shows by its daybook an equally remarkable growth. The footings for the past eleven months amount to nearly five thousand pounds as compared with sixteen hundred pounds in the corresponding eleven months of the year before. The industrial work of the station is justified on three grounds : first, educa­ tional, for the training and civilization of the natives ; second, mission­ ary-commercial, for the indirect advancement of the spiritual work of the mission by supplying at a low cost the necessary building equipment for thework of other depart­ ments; and third, purely commercial, as a money­ making proposition, the Building Crain Baskets money going into the missionary work of the station. The time has now come when the educational phases of the work can take their rightful place, this because of the advan­ cing standards in the schools and because of the demand on the part of the native and the government for this training. When the Chikore Station suffered a disastrous fire November 15, 1916, it brought up for special emphasis the question of the re­ lation of the Board and Mission to the natives living on the Mission farms; the Mission’s responsibility for them; rules governing them; relation of the Mission to other landowners and the Native Missions in Africa 39 Department. The missionary in charge of the farm must enforce not only the Mission rules regarding attendance at schools, the cutting of timber, the moving of kraals, beer drinking and night dancing, but must co-operate with government officials in a number of other ways. He is expected to see that the natives living under his care pay their toll and dog taxes at the proper time, dip their cattle regularly, and put into effect any new ordinance. In fact, the one in charge of a farm must act as petit judge in a multitude of cases, referring many more to the Native Department. There has been no end of interesting ques­ tions for the Chikore Station to settle. The big fire of November 15th came as a result of the car­ nival of lawlessness, crime and punishment. The loss of the old grain house, the boys’ dor­ mitory, with most of the boys’ clothing and books, the loss of ihe shop and printing office, with all the Mission’s tools, stock, press, paper-cutter, etc. cannot soon be made good. The total loss was £400. The Mission feels tiiat this is all the result of Stamping Corn in a Wooden Mortar the lack of proper supervision. There are not enough missionaries to fulfill the obligations of the day. The Station is rejoicing in the report that the Woman’s Board has adopted “Island Home” and has promised to provide for the opening of this wrork along lines suggested by the Mission. The work in the Station has gone on as usual, though the Station has been shorthanded. In some of the outstations a real movement toward Christianity seems to have begun as the result of the work of the native evangelists during the past three years. It looks as if the Mission would be more than ever crowded by the pressure of expansion. The call is for more men and women for the work, and <‘ven for a radical change in methods. The work of the Bible School at Chikore has been maintained by Dr. Wilder, and the church has continued its steady growth. Miss Bates’ medical 40 Missions in Africa

work has been really phenomenal. The long promised grant from the government toward the building of the wagon road from Chikore to Holland Farm to the north is now in hand. The Station has now fifteen miles of good road and twenty-three miles of carefully laid- out bicycle paths on the Mission farm. Five miles more of good road or path will make the most remote comer of the twenty-five thousand acres fairly accessible. The touring activities of the Station have been kept up with suc­ cess. It is the earnest hope that this may be followed up by the establishment of resident native teachers. Village schools are the evangelistic hope of the district. The Chikore church has no building as yet. The time has come for the placing of a pastor over the church, though it is difficult to find a properly qualified person. The Sunday School has been kept up regularly, with fairly good attendance. Regular services have been held at four places on the farm. On the whole, the spiritual w^ork at Chikore is in an encouraging condition.

First Annual Report of Gogoyo Station fThe report of this station may properly be said to begin with the date of January 12th, 1917, when actual occupation by a white missionary7 took place. However, the history of the efforts which this Mission has made to estab­ lish itself in Portuguese East Africa is a long one. Frequent correspondence with the Board on this subject from the very beginning of the Mission; the long drawn out correspondence with the Mozambique Company with reference to ob­ taining land in the Buzi Lowlands in lieu of that cut off from the Silinda farm by the Bound­ ary Commission, which resulted in failure of accomplishment; the first outstation at Man- gundi’s which had to be closed at the end of the first year because of severe illness from malaria of the Zulu evangelist and family and the death of one of his children from this cause; the second outstation near Mangundi’s where we placed two native Christians with their families, and its closure by order of the Portuguese officials because we had no white missionary living in the District Missions in Africa 4i

who could supervise the work; all these form an interesting chap­ ter in our mission history. When in 1915 the Board authorized the Mission to endeavor to secure land at Gogoyo’s, no time was lost in making application to the Mozambique Company. Several tours of inspection had already been made when all the possible locations had been carefully con­ sidered and the conclusion arrived at that Gogoyo’s is the best site. On November 13th, 1916, the information came that the grant had been made. No time was lost in getting matters under way. On November 24th, Orner and Lawrence were on the spot with a number of laborers. A hut was built and gardens commenced and native workers were left there to continue the work of clearing and tree planting. At the mission meeting in December, a committee was appointed with power to act in all matters with reference to the station and Dr. Lawrence was left in charge of the station. Messrs. Wilder and King were instructed to accompany Dr. Lawrence and help select the site for the mission house. This they did, the party reaching the station-to-be on January 12th. They were fortunate in finding a site much better than any that had been previously discovered. It is quite elevated above the ground to the east and south and affords a beautiful view of the Sitabatonga Mts. Dr. Lawrence remained to carry on the work and, with the exception of two brief visits to Mt. Silinda, resided on the new station until May 7th, when he returned to Silinda to take up the work which Dr. Thompson had been compelled to lay down on leaving for his fur­ lough to America. We have been fortunate, however, in engaging a Boer farmer, who is more trustyworthy than most, to take over the work for a year and he is now living on the station and manag­ ing quite satisfactorily thus far. However, frequent visits will have to be made to keep an oversight over affairs and to give general directions. During the time that Dr. Lawrence was on the station, Sunday services were held regularly. Each day before retiring all have gathered for short song service and evening prayers and these have seemed to be particularly enjoyed by the boys. Since November the Christian boys and, where practicable, Dr. Lawrence, have made tours to the neighboring villages and gathered the natives for ser­ vices. Since Dr. Lawrence returned to Mt. Silinda, the evening prayer service has been kept up by the boys themselves. There are quite a number of boys living in the vicinity who have been con- 42 Missions in Africa verted while away at work in the mines or towns and these have met with them a number of times. There is a good deal of interest mani­ fested on the part of the natives in the prospect of the opening of a school and regular work and considerable disappointment that we have had to forego our plans for the time being. The chief Gogoyo

Native Village in the Busi Lowlands has always manifested a friendly interest. It has been suggested that a native evangelist should take up regular work on the station and in the community; but this seems inadvisable since it is known that the Portuguese officials discourage any such work being done without white supervision. Mr. Bhande, however, will soon go there to build his home and do what Christian work he can, especially amongst the natives on the farm and those who engage in labor on the station. There has been a plentiful supply of labor and no difficulty hat been experienced in purchasing food for the laborers at a fair price. The Commandant at Spungabera and his Secretary have ever been ready to attend to our needs and have rendered many personal favors. As soon as possible a one-room building was erected of poles with sawn board floors and thatched roof, 14 feet by 16 feet, and was sufficiently near completion in time to enable the missionary to move into it before the heavy rains came on early in March. The very next day after our arrival on the station in January, boys began cutting trees and a pitsaw was soon at work sawing them into boards. YVe have now trained a number of local natives to use the pitsaw and two pitsaws are busy a good part of the time. We already have quite a quantity of sawn timber on hand in addition to that already used in the building operations. Missions in Africa 43 A three-room building similar to the first one, on stone pillars, 15 feet by 42 feet, is being erected and is now ready for the thatch grass. A boys’ house and a goat house, each 13 feet by 26 feet, also on stone pillars, but with pole floors, have been completed. The goat house has been placed within an enclosure about 100 feet square made by a close live pole fence 10 feet high. A store-room and grain hut have also been completed. About three miles of paths have been opened and a quantity of stones dug out for building purposes. There is a plentiful supply of good clay on the farm and brick- making is now in progress. The water supply is from two rivers which run through the farm. One of these is small and sometimes runs dry and therefore cannot be depended upon. The other is at the southern boundary of the farm and has banks averaging about 40 feet high. The fall of the water is not sufficient to make it practicable to take the water out for irrigation purposes and it is a long distance to carry the water for household purposes. The presence of the tsetse fly at the river makes it unsafe to drive the stock to the river to drink. Data have been gathered and .inquiries are being made as to the practicability of using a hydraulic ram for raising the water to the gardens and the station. We are negotiating for sheep and goats and cattle with which to stock the farm as required in the terms of our contract for occupation. A portion of the stock must be on the farm before September 16th this year and the balance at the same date next year when titles will be given, provided all the terms of the contract have been fulfilled. The work which has been done and is being done must be largely that connected with the building up of the station and the securing title to the land. Only when we can place European missionaries there permanently can we hope to do much enduring mission work or be of much use to the natives in Portuguese territory. The imme­ diate outlook in this respect is not bright, but let us hope on and pray and God may do far more than we can now see.

The West Africa Mission Policy This Mission at its annual meeting in June, 1917, adopted a sug­ gested policy for work in the Mission which is significant and inspir­ ing. After thankfully acknowledging the blessing of God which 44 Missions in Africa

has followed the efforts of the missionaries in the past and speaking of the large constituency which has been gathered from the Ovim- bundu, the Mission directs its attention to the future. It says that “ in view of the open doors for the Gospel on all sides we feel that the time is ripe for a general and unprecedented development of the work.” The Mission therefore calls for a marked increase in the number of missionaries, putting special emphasis upon the importance of efficiently developing a larger staff of native co-work­ ers. After this, the declaration sets forth the special needs in each one of the five stations of the Mission, giving prominence to the Central Schools — the Dondi Institute and the Girls’ Training School. The Mission concludes its statement and appeal with the following declaration. “ On its part the Mission will unite to co­ ordinate the present forces, develop the native ministry, raise the standard of church membership both in regard to entrance require­ ments and nurture of the spiritual life of the converts, stimulate money offerings to the work, and the greater offering of the native- themselves for the supreme work of evangelizing their own people. We look to God for a gracious outpouring of His own spirit, without which the wisest plans are vain.” In response to this ap­ peal from the Mission the Prudential Committee has authorized a substantial increase in the working missionary force of that pros­ perous mission.

Government Relations

The spirit and temper of the Portuguese officials at Beira as well a- in the West. African Mission seem to have undergone a considerable change during the last few years, and especially in the last two months An appearance of opposition to the work of our mis­ sionaries has come to the front. Articles have appeared in local papers in West Africa accusing our missionaries of disloyalty, even putting upon them the responsibility for uprisings of natives far in the interior; and in Beira the services in the chapel have been forbidden since the death of Mr. Maxwell, and the Portuguese as­ sistant to Mr. Maxwell has been compelled to suspend all evangelis­ tic work for the present, he having taken up secular employment in Beira until the situation clears up. The most recent communica­ tion, however, from WTest Africa indicates that it is only a temporary and probably very local condition, due to the temper and spirit <>! Missions in Africa 45 the local Portuguese officials. The lapse of a little time may put a complete change on the whole situation. This however puts added importance upon the missionaries in Portuguese territory learning the Portuguese language and of teach­ ing that language in all of the mission schools. Candidates now under appointment, or contemplating appointment, are taking up the study of Portuguese in this country with the expectation that by the time they begin their work they will be able to converse freely with the Portuguese officials and supervise the study of Portuguese in the schools that come under their direction.

The Stations

The reports from West Africa are not as complete as usual owing to the difficulty in getting mails through. Some reports are at hand, however, and it is quite clear from these that the work in the

Ochileso Native Teachers

Mission during the past year has progressed in spite of war condi­ tions. Some of the missionary families have been held on the field because of the impossibility of securing permission for women and children to travel through the war zone. 46 Missions in Africa

The Bailundo station feels that the present force of workers is altogether inadequate to the demands of the work here. It is con­ fronted with a dilemma: either to drop a large part of the literary and translation work or ask the mission to deplete the already too small force of some other station to help supply the crying need of Bailundo. This is the oldest station of the mission and has reached a point where neglect of certain branches of work will be more dis­ astrous than in the case of a younger station. The evangelists’ class was held throughout the year. Every mem­ ber of it with two exceptions came from the outstations. This class is intended to supply the present lack of evangelists at Dondi. The ordinary evangelistic efforts of the station such as preaching rervices, Sunday School work, prayer meetings and touring have gone on as usual. Mr. Hastings of Sachikela has been helping. Chisamba also feels the lack of workers and is unable to make any forward movement in the establishment of schools at strategic centers. These need more constant supervision. The attendance at the Sunday sendees has been fairly regular. The station schools have gone on about as usual. Chisamba has 29 outstations and 46 teachers. This work is supported by the Canadian Society. Ochileso reports that the station for the past year has been greatly under-manned. Connected with this station are some twenty or more outstations, some of which were but recently started. All of them need oversight badly. They are scattered on all sides from a few miles to forty or fifty miles away. They constitute a most important part of the Ochileso work. It is from these that the sta­ tion draws its boys and girls for its boarding school at Ochileso. In lieu of visiting the outstations the missionaries have been obliged to ask the teachers to come to the station once in three months for in­ struction. Thirty-three candidates were received into church fellowship, these almost entirely from the outstations. The station has plans for the betterment of the outstations and is particularly desirous of having a new lady teacher for the school at the center to take Miss Miller’s place when the latter comes home on furlough. Kamundongo reports progress. New work was opened up recently, though the report does not give the names of the places. There are indications that there w ill be quite an increase in the num­ ber of workers available soon, several having expressed their willing­ ness to take up outstation work. The station has a dozen teachers and evangelists at the Bible School in Dondi. The school bov?' Missions in Africa 47

though rather young have been taking the lead in evangelistic work in Kamundongo. Three of them have been placed as assistants in village schools for thejiry season. Their example is having good effect upon the others. The press work was pushed with vigor up to the time of Mr. Hunter’s death. It has had a hard time meeting expenses, partly owing to the failure to get paper. There is a great demand for sub­ sidizing this press. The plan now is to move it to Dondi at the earliest date and appeal is being made for money for the purpose. The press should have a good sized fund to enable it to continue its work in spite of the high cost of living. Mr. Chapin’s report in behalf of the industrial work shows that the station does not confine itself to manual labor nor to teaching manual training. Its policy is more than that. It is aggressively evangelistic. For example, Mr. Chapin writes that every Sunday when the weather has been favorable he has endeavored to make a circuit of the villages and to hold preaching services, one of four different circuits being reached each month. At various times sta­ tion and nearby village boys have gone on ahead to hold the people. The work of Dondi Institute like that of the other institutions, together with the medical and industrial work, will be given at the close of the section. Suffice it to say that the work has progressed fully up to the expectations of the mission. The first years of the girls’ training school prcmpt abundant reasons for thankfulness for the many blessings received. The school has actually become a real living force. It is no longer a mere paper plan. The Sachikela report is an interesting document showing that the work of the station has gone on with full vigor and force in spite of the disturbances growing out of unsettled political conditions and local superstition. The spiritual life of the church has been strength­ ened and deepened, the members taking an active interest and part in the evangelization of the districts beyond. The school work is constantly growing. The widely extended influence of the Christian school, presents possibilities which the writer of the report declares will require telescopic extension in facilities and resources. Various forms of industries are carried on for both the boys and the girls since no mission work in the interior of Africa can permanently suc­ ceed that does not teach the young people to do things worth while with their hands. The station is planning for a boarding school for boys to run parallel with the boarding school for girls already 48 Missions in Africa

established and a dormitory has been erected and the school actually begun with 10 boys in attendance. The principal aim of the Mis­ sion, like all other missions, is evangelistic. The station reports that during the year they have had not less than a thousand different applicants for admission to school privileges, thus presenting a con­ stantly increasing and important field for bringing to bear upon the young minds of Africa the claims of the Gospel of Christ.

Africa Mission Institutions

ZULU BRANCH

Union Theological College, Impolweni. — This report is the obituary notice of an institution which has now ceased to exist. Owing to the difficulties in con­ summating all the union plans with the United Free Church of Scotland, it was decided to dissolve the union in June, 1917. It is a deep disappointment in many respects. Two men have given largely of their time to the work. This was the first real union movement of its. kind in South Africa. In spite of the failure the union was not in vain. The college has obtained a prestige throughout South Africa which will help draw more of the mission’s own constituency to the depart­ ment to be reopened at Amanzimtoti. During the six years of its existence the school has sent out 18 men from the English class, of whom 6 are already ordained ministers of the gospel. The last graduating class consisted of 8 men, of whom three or four will enter the service of the churches in the mission. Nineteen evangelists have also received training and most of them are doing good work in various parts of the field. The total enrolment for the past year was 23. There has been considerable advance in the curriculum and in the standard of theological education given. It is expected to reopen the school as a strictly mission institution in connection with Amanzimtoti Institute in February, 1918. Promises of 10 or 12 of the best trained men in the mission to enter the class have been secured and there is a list in all of about 25 possible candidates. It is felt that the mission will be decidedly the gainer by the change. If the work is to be undertaken properly not less than $ 10,000 should be in hand for the construction of buildings. Amanzimtoti Institute and Union Normal School. — With its faculty of 15, its 200 boarders and 76 day pupils in the practicing school, its four Standards, Normal, Carpentry and Agricultural Departments, its printing shop, dairy, poul­ try, live stock and sugar-cane plantation, it occupies a leading place in the na­ tional educational system of Natal and is known far beyond in South Africa. The Institute occupies a strong and leading place in the community to which it ad­ ministers in many ways. It has the trust and confidence of the people as never before. This is shown by a 509c, increase in attendance, chiefly boys and girls from the mission stations. The percentage of mission pupils has increased from 48% to 76% during the year. Like all the other mission institutions the Institute is unable to“accommodate those who apply for admission because of limited space. There is no place for Missions in Africa 49

them to sleep, np room for them to eat in the dining room, no seats for them in the class room, and even if they could be accommodated, there would be no chance for them to attend chapel or the other gatherings of the student body because there would be no room large enough to receive them all. Interest is at the flux. Growth must cease unless there is enlargement in dormitories, dining rooms, class rooms and chapel. The new Amanzimtoti curriculum though bitterly and generally opposed at first has been heartily approved by the Education Department and has become the goal of other training colleges. Inanda Seminary (for girls). — As reported by the Government Inspector, the Seminary has proceeded in the usual orderly and well arranged manner. The industrial work particularly is commended, which department has been emphasized, and the development of the school in the direction of an industrial institution has been approved. It is hoped it will soon be possible to start a special industrial class for the older pupils from the station schools who are not able to follow the full academic and industrial course. All of the 117 girls who entered, with t^ie exception of 14, came from the sta­ tions of the mission. The total enrolment was 130. The increasing intelligence and knowledge of English of those coming from the lower Standards is notice­ able. The girls in both the fifth and sixth Standards are among the most promis­ ing the school has had for years. In spite of the introduction of extra courses in industrial subjects, nature study, hygiene and Zulu grammar, the usual work for the year was covered satisfactorily. The Woman’s Board having made available $ 10,000 for a new industrial hall, the work of building was commenced. About 50,000 bricks were made and burned ready for use. The building is the gift of the New Haven Branch which adopted Mrs. Edwards about fifty years ago as its missionary. She is to lay the corner­ stone. The vision of a second building is becoming increasingly clear. The water problem has been given over to a contractor and a well is to be sunk and a windmill constructed to supply water sufficient for all requirements. The health of the girls has been fairly good in spite of a few cases of influenza and pneumonia. They have showrn a keen interest in games. Divided into ten teams, they entered a basket ball contest with enthusiasm. The “ Brownies,” -the win­ ning team, carried off prizes, bags for crocheting containing sweets. Cricket has also been introduced. The central aim and purpose of the school is the development of the character and spiritual life of the pupils. They have shown good interest in the prayer meetings and religious services and as the result of some special meetings a number of them were helped to a deeper consecration and several took a stand for Christ for the first time. The school receives many applications from missionaries of various denominations for Christian helpers and many of the girls are doing mis­ sionary work in Zululand and other places. As soon as school is over they go forth with a real missionary desire to help whenever the call comes. Umzumbe Home (for girls). — The total enrolment shows little change from the preceding year; 109 in all classes, with an average attendance for the first term of 64 and 80 for the second term. It was decided to open the school again to kraal girls. Only two entered, but others will doubtless apply. The good work of the teachers was shown in the annual examinations in December when Missions in Africa

82% passed in Standard V and 70% in Standard IV. The school has added Standard VI after giving it up for a period. This class sets the tone of the school for they are a fine group of girls. One year only makes a very great difference in the spirit and responses of those who pass through the school. Twenty appli­ cations for Standard V were refused because of lack of dormitory accommodations. The health of the school has been exceptionally good. This may have been due in part to the presence of Dr. Burt Bridgman who spent four months in the school. He gave hygiene lessons every week with practical talks on health subjects. The social life of the girls has not been neglected. Lectures and entertainments have been interspersed with the days of study. The sixth Standard gave an en­ tertainment, the first time the girls had taken entire charge of an evening without direction from any of the teachers or missionaries. The spiritual life expresses itself through the Christian Endeavor Society. The pupils receive training through the work of the different committees. The Home giris have been inter­ ested in a place four miles away where they conduct the services. They have agreed to provide for a teacher, the cost about five dollars a month, guaranteeing the amount from their savings. The significance of this is shown in the fact that they can earn only a penny an hour at their work and that only on Saturday afternoons. They have also sent money for the relief of their Armenian sisters. Prim ary Schools. — There were 56 of these Government aided schools in ses­ sion during the first half of the year; 53 in the latter half. This was a falling off from the previous year. Six new teachers were secured from the normal school at Adams, but there were not enough to fill all the places vacant. A number of places which had waited long for new school buildings were disappointed because the Education Department was out of funds. Difficulty was also experienced in supplying the needed equipment. The income from Reserve rents was larger and enabled the director to undertake much needed repairs in some of the Reserve school buildings. The Education Department has consented to allow the fifth and sixth Stand­ ards in the Groutville School. This enables the mission to carry out a plan of having a central higher school care for the upper Standards, to be fed from surround­ ing schools of lower Standard. Ultimately this plan will be carried out in all the large stations.

Industrial and Agricultural Work

Amanzimtoti. — No full report of this department of the station work is in hand. The chief agricultural effort was connected with the sugar-cane planta­ tion which eventually will supply funds for the support of the school. Dairying and poultry' raising received some attention. The boys are given simple manual instruction in the use of tools, while the girls learn dressmaking, cooking and the elements of housekeeping. Inanda. — The industrial department is an important feature at Inanda. The girls are taught sewing, gardening, laundry and domestic work, including ironing and cooking. Poultry keeping is also taught in the industrial class. Cook­ ing and sewing are both popular with the girls. Although dairy farming is not a Zulu girl’s work, yet it is a valuable acquisi­ tion in increasing the supply of good food and milk in the kraals. Three Missions in Africa 51 tons of sugar tops for planting were bought and set out providing winter fodder for the cattle. Beans were planted instead of mealies. The yield was quite good considering the drought. About fifty bushels were harvested, the girls doing almost all the hoeing and reaping. Umzumbe. — The gardens have shown better results under the direction of Mr. Cowles. Mealies were planted and were welcome in place of rice in the school diet. A large field of potatoes, also pineapples, bananas and 50 mango and avocado pear trees were planted. Some of the pupils objected to the work of planting, but were grateful when they reaped the fruit.

Medical Department

Hospital and Dispensary, Durban. — The medical work at the dispensary and hospital was carried on much as in previous years. The patients came to the dispensar}', received the attention of the dispensary evangelist, were examined, and if necessary sent to the hospital for appropriate treatment. Numerous trips to the country, especially to the boarding schools, were made. Early in the year the matron, Miss Horn, left for military nursing. It was impossible to secure a fully qualified nurse in her place and consequently the nurses' training class could not receive the usual high grade of instruction. The attendances at the dispensary were 3,000; 475 less than for the previous year. This was due to war conditions and the increased cost of living. There was a net profit in the receipts in the dispensary, but the medical department as a whole closed the year with a debt, the bill for medicine was so unusually high. There were 219 patients in the hospital, of whom 25 received major operations, 40 minor operations, 67 medical cases and 87 maternity cases. The missionary doctor reviewing the work for six years feels that much but not all that he has desired has been accomplished. Between 20,000 and 30,000 pa­ tients have been helped. A class of 4 nurses was graduated. Another class is soon to receive their certificates. The ability of the native girls to grasp the sub­ ject of nursing and their capability as nurses has been demonstrated. Large numbers of them have applied to be admitted to the nurses’ classes. The first object of the hospital is to train native doctors and nurses and to send them out to combat the evils associated with the witch doctors and the general superstition among the people regarding medicine. An associate physician should be added to the hospital as soon as possible.

RHODESIA BRANCH

Mt. Silinda School. — It was a rather uneventful year although it may well be remembered because of the visit of the Administrator and other dignitaries on a tour of inspection. The pupils were perhaps most interested in the four auto­ mobiles which brought the party, the first ever seen in that part of the country. The Administrator expressed himself as highly pleased with the character of the work and the school. There was an exhibition of the work in the class-rooms as well as that in the industrial department. During the first term there was an attendance of 269 pupils, of whom 142 were day scholars. The total enrolment was 321. In the second term the enrolment 52 Missions in Africa was 288 with an attendance of 278. Of these 79 boys and 59 girls were registered as boarders in the boarding department or in the homes of the missionaries. The maximum grant, £ 200, was earned by the school, besides an additional grant of £116 by the class in manual training. Dr. Thompson continued his Saturday morning lectures on hygiene and related subjects throughout the first term to the great interest and benefit of the pupils. Evidence of good progress was shown in the upper classes through a very thorough examination. During the year 5 pupils left Mt. Silinda to continue their studies in Natal. A great deal of pleasure was derived from the preparation for the closing exercises of the school which were held in May. The school is co-educational and 59 girls have lived in the girls’ boarding de­ partment with an average attendance of 46. All but one of them came from heathen homes. The sewing and laundry classes have been carried on as usual and a Saturday morning class in crocheting was formed for the more advanced girls. A large garden of mungoza and sesame was cultivated and reaped by the boys assisted by the girls in weeding. This grain was also threshed by the pupils amounting to 24 sacks. The agricultural labors of the girls in the boarding de­ partment were without very good results, owing to poverty of the soil. Outstation Schools. — The Beacon Hill School had an enrolment of 78 of whom 40 were girls. The native teachers were faithful in their schoolroom duties and as a result three of the girls became Christians. The sewing class was carried on as usual for the girls and the agricultural work for the boys. 19 sacks of mungoza and 182 lbs. of beans were reaped from the school garden. There is a similar story for the Matanga School, which had an enrolment of 70 pupils, of whom 32 were girls. The government inspector reported favorably upon the work. The attendance was not as good as usual on account of rain and illness. Good work was accomplished in the sewing class, a number of the girls finishing their sewing books, some making garments. Owing to the heavy rains it was not possible to reap the harvests in the fields within the limits of the school year. There are only 2 Christian girls and no Christian boys in the Matanga school. Chikore Station School. — It was thought that the departure of the head Zulu teacher would create a serious situation, but the other native teachers rallied to meet the emergency in a remarkable way, and considerable advance was made in the year’s work. The total number of teachers was 13, including the 4 mission­ aries who give instructions in singing, crocheting, lace-making, sewing, laundry work, Bible and English. Regular teachers’ meetings have been held, which is one secret of the fine spirit among the teachers. The government school in­ spector reported the work of this large school was proceeding smoothly and with no signs of slackness on the part of any teacher or pupil, and that the discipline was excellent. The only lack was a dormitory for the girls which will be pro­ vided for as soon as “ Ireland Home” can be built and occupied. The total enrolment reached 429, of whom 35 had a perfect attendance, and 254 qualified for the government grant by an attendance of 120 days or more. Then were 39 boys and 32 girls enrolled in the boarding department. The maximum grant of £200 was received and also the special £60 grant for the laundry clas^ A large amount of practical work outside the classroom is undertaken. \ class of 7 boys were trained in pit-sawing,. some of the lumber sawn by them w;^ Missions in Africa 53

very creditable. About 6000 bricks were made entirely by these school boys, so that there are now available for building purposes 150,000 bricks, and 16,000 tiles. About 2 miles of road were laid out besides 3 miles of a new bicycle path and 20 miles of other roads and bicycle paths were kept open. The girls have done well in sewing, crocheting, and lace-making and samples of their work were sent to America for exhibition connected with the golden anniversary of the Woman’s Board. It is impossible for the boarding school girls to keep up with the orders from the Christian community for clothing, dresses and quilts, etc. For a time it seemed as if the fire in November which consumed the dormitories and carpenter shop would seriously hinder the work of the school. Practically all the set of fine carpenter’s tools belonging to the school were ruined besides hundreds of feet of lumber. New tools have been gathered together slowly. The splendid behavior of the boarding school pupils at the time of the fire, when they barely escaped with their lives, shows that they have benefited some from the training and discipline they have received. The Shekwa Outstation School made remarkable progress during the year, the enrolment reaching 62, 3 of whom were married women. The school has been overcrowded but the native teacher has maintained good discipline and obtained very satisfactory results. There is a petition, however, for another teacher. The acreage in the school gardens was increased, but the yield was not equal to that of the previous year. Several of the pupils were converted and quite a large Christian community is being established. In spite of the special tempta­ tions which vacation brings, the good influence of the school life are increas­ ingly evident. The Bible School, Chikore. — Seven have been in regular attendance all the year, and 6 others a part of the time. The men have had very little previous education and many of the small boys in the station schools have gone further in books than these evangelists. They show, however, a fine spirit and doubtless may be used effectively as Gospel messengers. They have shown a commend­ able interest in the classes and one has accomplished the task of reading the Bible through in Zulu. The subjects pursued are suggested by the following questions: What is the Bible? What does it contain? What does it teach? Some of the inen were anxious to receive industrial training as in the past, but the missionary in charge was unable to arrange it.

Industrial and Agricultural Work

The effect of the War upon the work of the Industrial Department was very slight, owing to the fact that most of the material used by the department was pro­ duced locally. The past year has been one of remarkable growth in some direc­ tions and considerable retrogression in others. The efficiency of the superin­ tendent was considerably enhanced by a motocycle, the first of its kind to be used in this district. The industrial training given in the different schools is closely linked with the work of the Industrial Department. The manual training class was continued until the end of the school year with a full quota of 24 boys. Their interest was k'ood and many of them showed remarkable progress. The greatest advance was in the carpentry and building work. A new floor and veranda were added to the 54 Missions in Africa school building. The stable was rebuilt after the fire and a large amount of con­ struction was undertaken in connection with the Woman’s Board building. The largest building operation, and the one which will occupy the next year is the erection of the new church building. A good deal of furniture was also made bv the manual training class, and much of the furniture and other manufactured articles were sold outside the mission. In the machine shop the engine was in operation on 138 days. The saw-mill cut 65,000 feet of timber while in operation 43 days. Over 2 miles of flooring and ceiling have been matched. The output of the grinding mill far exceeded that of any preceding year, amounting to 78^ tons. A large proportion of this was done for parties outside the mission. The grinding was almost entirely without white supervision except in starting the machinery. Tile making was again started. It is hoped to complete enough for the new church during the coming year. The output of roofing tiles for the season amounted to 175,000 square feet. Within a few years the tile industry7 will be a source of considerable revenue in the department, for the great advantage of tiles over iron for roofing is increas­ ingly recognized. There was considerable activity in the Agricultural Department, but the net returns were small, because of extremely heavy rains. There were under cultiva­ tion 35 acres of corn and 4 acres of beans, and the returns were 7 tons and 1400 lbs. respectively. About 5 acres of new land have been cleared. Owing to pressure of other work the forestry received less than accustomed attention. About 2 acres of new land outside the forest was dug up and planted to wattles and red mahoganies. Logging operations are under way in the forest and a number of trees have been cut for timber. A special feature of the Industrial Department was the opening of the full- fledged store. This was necessary to meet the demands of the neighboring Chris­ tian community for various supplies not obtainable from other stores within reach, such as building, hardware, bicycle supplies ,etc. The actual business done is necessarily small, and it is hoped in time to pass over this store to responsible parties outside the mission.

M edical Mission Hospital, Mt. Silinda. — The records show a constant growth in the work, both of Mt. Silinda and of Chikore, a gain of about 10%. The total cases were 5149, 1577 were attendances for school children, 571 for mission force, and 560 for white settlers. The in-patients in the hospital were 24, and the minor operations 150. There were no major operations. Measles and mumps were prevalent through a greater part of the year and malaria was more severe than usual. The year opened with more patients in the hospital than ever before and with Mrs. Gilford in charge, assisted by 2 partly trained native girls. After a few weeks, Mrs. Gilford was taken ill, and her death occurred in May, 1917. This necessitated the closing of the hospital and the discontinuance of the nurses training class. Native patients were received in huts and given the best care possible, while white patients were taken into the homes of the missionaries. 1' is a cause of great satisfaction that the hospital buildings have been completed, but they cannot be used properly until another nurse is added to the staff. Missions in Africa 55

The medical work at Chikore is closely connected with that at Mt. Silinda. The telephone between the 2 stations is of great service, enabling Miss Bates to con­ sult with the physicians. The medical cases at Chikore were 5704, with 4781 attendances on school children, 320 on the missionaries and 9 on white settlers. This makes a grand total for the medical department of 10,853 cases, 6358 at­ tendances on school children, 891 on the mission force and 569 on white settlers. At Chikore a larger number of operations than ever before were from the heathen community. There was an unusual amount of sickness among the school chil­ dren. Miss Bates made 8 visits to patients in their kraals.

Publications

The Chikore fire of November 15, 1916, brought the work of the printing de­ partment to an end for the present. The old press, the paper cutter, staple binder and all the type were ruined. Many books bound and unbound were burned, making a total of 1612 books. A serious loss was the stock of First Readers which are indispensable to the schools. 3000 copies were secured by correspond­ ence from Lovedale. A manuscript for the Second Reader was ready for final copying and the printer, and happily the electros for illustrating it did not arrive until after the fire. A review of the work of the past 4 years shows that the press turned out 230,770 pages in the comparatively short time it was running. Acts and Romans were made available for the people in their own language and the schools were provided with text books in the v ernacular.

WEST AFRICA

Dondi In stitu te . — The Institute is a part of the unified educational system in the Mission and gives advanced training to the brighter pupils that graduate from the Station Schools. These men are trained as pastors and teachers and evangelists, all three functions having to be exercised by the native leaders and generally in one person. Seventy students have been in training. The daily routine is somewhat as follows. The morning bell calls for early rising. The first hour is devoted to Bible study with recitations on assigned chapters. Then follows a period of a variety of subjects such as arithmetic, drawing, and geography. The more advanced students have church history, theology, and music. The afternoon and part of the morning is devoted to industrial training. No pastor in Africa is adequately equipped unless he can build a house for himself, conduct farming on scientific lines, and become a leader in the affairs of his community. Carpentry, masonry, agriculture, are all taught and tend to produce an all-round man. The work of the day ceases at 5 o’clock when the boys are ready for a game of football. This period is helpful in their development. It is essential to replace some of the old games with others more healthful and of higher moral tone. Sunday is the big day for the boys when they go forth to an unworked field, sow- ing the seed and reaping the harvests. Friday evening at prayer time the students are assigned their appointments for Sunday. A senior boy takes the lead and is accompanied by two or three of the juniors. Villages far and near are visited. All the work is without remuneration. This practical application of their work 56 Missions in Africa

in the classrooms develops the spirit of leadership, and it puts before the student the ideal of evangelism. The closing exercises in connection with the graduation on M ay'7 were of great interest. Certificates were given to 21 students while those who had shown particular aptitude and zeal were presented with a Commentary in Portuguese on the Gospel of St. Matthew. No diplomas will be granted for the present as the course provides for a further period of instruction lasting two years. It is thought best, however, to send these students into the practical work in order to assure a vital interest in the fields to which they will permanently devote their lives. Central Girls’ Training School, Dondi. The school so long talked about and planned for has become an established fact, and reports its first year of work. The school opened November 1st, 1916, with 27 girls. The spirit of good comrad- ship has prevailed since the first day and there was sorrow when the time came for parting at the end of the year. This is a significant fact because the girls had never been associated before in this sort of a school. The year on the whole was a very satisfactory one; the girls have their faults, and were sometimes more fond of weaving baskets than studying their lessons, but the prevailing spirit was good. Miss Stimpson has entire charge of the school and under her efficient manage­ ment teachers and girls made good progress. The work was carried on under difficulties through lack of tables, benches and blackboards. Four hours from 8 to 12, were put in every day in the schoolroom. In the afternoon the time was given entirely to field work. Instruction was also given in sewing, cooking, and basketry. On Sundays the girls unite in morning worship with the Institute under the direction of the missionaries. A little evangelistic work wTas attempted, some of the students going out on Sunday and Wednesday afternoons to the nearby villages. It could be seen that there was an increase and interest in the religious services because of their efforts. Bailundo Schools. — As in all the stations these schools are the backbone of all educational and evangelistic work of the mission and should and are receiv­ ing increased attention on the part of the missionaries. The new kindergarten building was completed and occupied and was the first structure erected in Bail­ undo by government license and having sawed plates and rafters. The course of study, as laid out by the Board of Education, was followed through all the grades and an attempt made at a manual training course. An hour and a half was given each wreek to industrial work, mostly in sewing and basketry, with a little training in carpentry. The boarding department for boys has accommodated 22 boys, ranging in age from 9 to 16 years. They have paid in part for the expense of their education, by 4 hours of work a day. The girls’ boarding department received 29 girls under the care of a matron. The primary school consisted of the first and second grades with an enrolment of 94. In the secondary school there were 75. Two native teachers for each of the large schools did good work, relieving the mis­ sionaries from considerable responsibility. Kamundongo Boys’ Boarding School. — This school is composed of se­ lected pupils from the outstations, including freed slaves, orphans, and boys from heathen families in villages wThere there are no schools. Some of the material i? Missions in Africa 57

decidedly in the raw and unpromising, but under the influence of a favorable environment often shows surprising development. The primary aim is to effect an adequate religious training and to develop strong Christian character. One of the basic principles is strict discipline, which is highly important in the develop­ ment of their characters. Regular attendance is required of all. It is planned to give some industrial training in the following subjects: agri­ culture, tailoring, printing, carpentry, furniture making, mat weaving, type-writing, rope making, and soap and glue making, the two last from the fat and hide of hippopotami, especially useful in the book binding department. A small farm is maintained but has not been productive so far with much revenue. There were 44 boys registered ranging in age from 7 to 20 years, representing 18 villages, distributed over an area of 150 miles in diameter. Practically all of them will become members of the church before they leave school. Those that show special ability and aptitude for leadership will be sent to the training institute at Dondi. There were 8 successful candidates in the examinations for the training institute. Other boys will learn trades which will enable them to support them­ selves while they engage in Christian work. Kamundongo Girls’ School. — Classroom work in the girls’ school is similar to that of the boys. The graduates readily find openings in the outstations as teachers and those of marked ability are sent to the Central Girls’ Boarding School at Dondi. There were 27 girls in the boarding department. The total number of pupils under instruction in all the station and outstation schools was 1500. Chisamba Schools. — The class work in the station schools is divided into 2 periods, morning and afternoon. In the afternoon men and women are in at­ tendance and also a few boys and girls who are unable to attend the morning ses­ sion. Native teachers have charge of the afternoon school which has an attend­ ance of 36. The morning session is divided into six divisions, beginning with the kindergarten and including the 5th grade, the latter in preparation for the Dondi Boys’ Institute. The total attendance in all the station schools was 276. There are 29 outstation schools, having 46 teachers. Only the brighter pupils are allowed to attend the station schools as the boarding departments are not sufficient to accommodate all who wish to come. These schools need more encour­ agement and visitation by the missionary. The total number under instruction in all the schools was 1733. The second year of the Savage-Dearborn Girls’ Boarding School was a happy one for the girls. Six of its graduates were among the first students at the Dondi (Girls’ Training School. Thirty-six girls have lived in the school besides the ma­ tron who deserves much praise for her firm and effective and quiet Christian in­ fluence over the girls. A number of them have expressed a desire to enter the Christian life. All of them look forward to entrance to the Training School at Dondi. The Boys’ Boarding School has been a success. In this department 45 boys were cared for during the school year. They partly paid for their food by their work. A gift of $1000 was received for a dormitory and dining-room, and was much appreciated by those in charge of the school. Ochileso Schools. — Because no other missionary came to the relief of the station Miss Miller remained beyond the time for her furlough and gave herself 58 Missions in Africa

unstintingly to the oversight of all the grades. The school began with 66 pupils and was soon increased to 96, of whom 37 were girls, none above the 2nd grade. The 5 student teachers with 2 others had their school in the afternoon. The be­ ginners’ department had 59 members. They were given their play and occupa­ tion work in a separate room from the school. Second, third, and fourth grades include 34 pupils. In the final examinations the lowest average was 50% and the highest 96%. Early in the year some of the boys were taken by the government for soldiers, but the misunderstanding was straightened out by the missionaries, leaving a better feeling toward the Mission Schools. In the afternoon school, the pupil teachers learned what they were to teach the following morning, besides preparing for the Dondi examination. Each grade had its special industrial work, including basketry, house work, cooking, brick making, garment making, carpentry, and general farm work. The total pupils under instruction in all schools was 1650. If the station schools were properly equipped, 100 boys and half as many girls wrould be re­ ceived in the Boarding Department. Sachikela Schools. — The whole number of schools was 7 with an enrolment of 376. The General School was a success from every standpoint with an at­ tendance of nearly 200. All the boys in attendance the previous year returned and others from places as far distant as 5 days’ travel. The progress made by these new pupils and their zeal was commendable. The closing feature apart from a feast was a game of basket-ball in which the boys from the Station School won from the Sachikela boys from the Central Training Institute. Fees from all the pupils wyere faithfully paid. The erection and completion of a new school­ room building with three spacious rooms made it possible to unite the Boys’ and Girls’ School under one roof. In the Girls’ Boarding Department there were 20 girls, 7 of whom came directly from heathen villages. Three of the new girls made a confession of faith, and two entered the Girls’ Training School at Dondi. Although there has been no native matron the spirit of co-operation among the girls in their domestic work was gratifying. The school is looking forward to having a single building for the do­ mestic instruction. Nearly all the girls were employed in the missionaries’ homes in laundry or kitchen work. The agricultural work has been increased but is not sufficient to supply the necessary food for the department. The Boys' Boarding Department is only a year old. The missionaries had decided to start a Boarding School for boys and had drawn plans for the dormi­ tories. Ten boys were sent to the station from the Training School. The mis­ sionaries decided to keep them and they worked splendidly all the year. The Children’s School has an enrolment of 45 with 3 native helpers. The attendance was good and wrell sustained throughout the year except for a few weeks when there was a severe epidemic of measles and chickenpox. A special feature was the school garden entirely cultivated by the little children who were very enthusiastic in the work.

Industrial and Agricultural Work

Tnis department of the mission work is closely connected with the station schools and is largely maintained by the pupils. The afternoon hours are Missions in Africa 59 generally used in a practical way to supplement the lessons in the classroom in the morning. At Bailundo an hour and a half is given each day to industrial work. An at­ tempt at a manual training course was made, besides sewing and basketry for the girls, and a little training in carpentry for the boys. The girls cultivated 3 gar­ dens, but none produced sufficiently to furnish food for the year. Forty oil tins of corn were raised. Every girl made one basket and some of them two. Under the leadership of Mr. Chapin, the Kamundongo industrial department has done good work. The debt on the department has been reduced. The stock consisted of 2 houses, 19 head of cattle, 1354 boards, tools, and other sundries. About 8 men have worked in connection with the department. The output has been considerable, consisting of desks, window and door cases, and other parts of buildings, besides tables, chairs, and other house furnishings. Consider­ able repair work was undertaken including the remodelling of one missionary dwelling, repairing shoes, vulcanizing carriage tires, and making tools. Classes have been held for instruction in manual training in connection with the boys’ school. The Chisamba station reports that a number of the natives have been employed in the carpenter shop, making door frames and other woodwork The house oc­ cupied by the lady missionaries was tiled during the dry season. At Ochileso very little building work was undertaken, but the industrial depart­ ment was busy. Tiles were made to cover one house. A pog mill with a drain­ ing tile attachment was made for Dondi, also considerable lime was burned for that place. A special garden was prepared and planted for the boarding school. Industrial work at Sachikela is confined principally to the schools. In the carpenter shop little was done during the past year owing to the crowding of other duties. An afternoon class took elementary instruction. Now that a new car­ penter shop is added to the old one more work can be done. Sewing classes for boys and girls were held at the different houses, and it was so arranged that the entire school could have at least an elementary knowledge of sewing. There were also classes in basketry, mat making and pottery. The industrial and agricultural work at Dondi is a department of the regular school work, and has already been described in the school report.

Medical Work

C hisam ba. — The Mission Hospital known as the Ella F. M. Williams Hospi­ tal is located at Chisamba. It is not a fully equipped institution, but is the best the missionaries can provide with their limited resources. No physician has been located here since the departure of Dr. Moffatt, and the dispensing of medicines has been in charge of Miss Helen Melville, with appeals to the mission doctors in serious cases. No in-patients were received, but 8,750 treatments were ^iven in the dispensary. Kamundongo. — There has been an unusual absence of serious sickness. Nevertheless, only one doctor should not be responsible for the whole out-country region of a station, There is no improvement in the financial output and the doc­ tors are obliged sometimes to adopt a less effective method of treatment because a proper one could not be afforded. There are not enough hospital cases to require 6o Missions in Africa a fully equipped plant in each station, but the stations should be clearing houses for the Mission Hospital. There is very little emergency work in Kamundongo and cases requiring special treatment can readily be transferred to another place. A small dispensary was under construction as new quarters had become impera­ tive. It is hoped later to put up another building to serve as an operating and sterilizing room. The in-patients treated were 490 and the total treatments in the dispensary 6500. Sachikela. — Medical work at this station has been greatly hindered because of lack of quinine, which is very necessary in medical work in that malarial country. A little was secured from the coast at the expense of $1.95 an ounce. The work is also greatly hampered by poor and insufficient buildings. The total treatments reported were 6830 and 14 major operations and many minor opera­ tions. Bailundo. — No physician is located at this station, and medical work is in charge of a nurse, Miss Helen Stover. Plans are still under way for a hospital building. The in-patients were 1,885, and the treatments in the dispensary 5,117. Ochileso. — There was a special run of sickness and a good many deaths dur­ ing the year, which might have been partly prevented if a physician had been on the ground. On the return of Mr. Woodside, considerable dental work was under­ taken for the missionaries. The total treatments in the dispensary were 3,200.

Publications

This department of the mission has suffered some depression because of the un­ timely death of Mr. Hunter who was a source of great energy and progress in the printing department. Fortunately there is a native pressman who knows fairly well about arranging the forms and Mrs. Hunter and Mrs. Sanders will help in the supervision, but it is impossible to turn out the same amount of work as did Mr. Hunter. The debt of about $1000 was cleared off, but another debt will be incurred as soon as a new supply of paper is secured which is at present very low. Consider­ able job work could be done for the authorities if the press had the special type for such work. During the year 229,000 pages were printed including text books, por­ tions of the Bible, pamphlets, as well as job printing, such as circulars,letter heads, envelopes, dispensary tickets, etc. The schools now have a sufficient sup­ ply of literature which relieves the teachers from a great deal of duplicating. The little monthly newspaper, the Ndaka was issued for a time, but it was sup­ pressed by the authorities. Missions in Africa 61

TA BLE OF STA T ISTIC S FOR 1916

Zulu Rhodesia W. Africa Total

Population of field ...... 322,400 22,000 59,000 403,400

Stations ...... 11 2 6 19 Outstations...... 87 5 42 134

Missionaries, total...... 33 19 29 81 Ordained ...... 8 3 9 20 Physicians and others...... 4 6 2 12 W iv es...... 11 8 10 29 Single women ...... 10 2 8 20 Special service ...... 10 1 3 14

Native laborers, total ...... 628 41 235 904 Ordained preachers ...... 12 12 Unordained preachers...... 17 13 32 62 T ea c h e rs...... 133 20 119 272 Bible women ...... 2 2 Other helpers ...... 136 6 75 217

Congregations...... 285 8 134 427 Organized Churches...... 25 2 5 32 Communicants...... 7,312 338 1,427 9,077 Added, 1916 ...... 560 63 165 788 Total Constituency ...... 5,880 550 9,750 16,180 Sunday Schools ...... 67 3 13 83 S. S. m em bership...... 2,285 225 3,175 5,685

Schools, total ...... 89 6 84 179 Theological schools ...... 1 1 2 Colleges...... Students ...... Students in theology...... 23 10 75 108 Secondary or middle school . 24 2 26 Students ...... 364 574 35 973 Other schools ...... 64 3 67 Students ...... 5,384 165 273 5,822 Total students ...... 6,101 749 383 7,233

H ospitals...... 1 1 1 3 Dispensaries ...... 1 1 5 Patients ...... 2,219 7,170 2,375 11,764 Treatments...... 3,000 7,184 23,567 33,751

Native contributions ...... $18,323 S 112 $1,298.58 819,733.58 The American Board Missions in Turkey and the Balkans

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

THE BALKAN MISSION

Philippopolis (1858) . — Lyle G. Woodruff, ordained: General station and evangelistic work. Mrs. Alma S. Woodruff'. Work for women.

Sam okov (1867). — Robert Thomson, ordained: General evangelistic work. Mrs. Agnes C. Thomson'. Work for women. Leroy F. Ostrander, ordained: Prin­ cipal of Collegiate and Theological Institute. Mrs. Mary R. Ostrander: Work for women. Edward B. Haskell, D. D., ordained: General evangelistic work; in charge of religious instruction in schools. Mrs. Elizabeth F. Haskell: Work for women. Reuben H. Markham, ordained: Educational work. Mrs. Mary G. Markham: Work for women. Miss Mary M. Haskell: General evangelistic work for women; orphanage work. Miss Edith L. Douglass: Teacher in Girls’ Board­ ing School.

Residing at Sofia. — M iss Elisabeth C. Clarke: In charge of kindergarten and work for women and girls.

M on astir (1873). — Miss Mary L. Matthews: Principal of Girls’ Boarding School; relief work.

Salonica (1894).-— J . Henry House, D. D., ordained: President of the Thes- salonica Agricultural and Industrial Institute. Mrs. Addie B. House: W ork for women and students. William P. Clarke, ordained: Station and educational work. Mrs. Martha G. Clarke: Educational work. William C. Cooper, ordained: Station and evangelistic work. Mrs. Eugenia F. Cooper: Work for women. J . Riggs Brewster, ordained: Educational work. Mrs. Ethel B. Brewster: Educational work.

K ortch a, A lbania (1908). — Phineas B. Kennedy, ordained: General station and school work. Mrs. Violet B. Kennedy: Work for women; educational work.

Elbasan, Albania (1910). —

In Italy. — Charles T. Erickson, D. D., ordained: Mrs. Carrie E. Etickson: General work and study.

On furlough. — Mrs. Ellen R. Baird; Theodore T. Holway, ordained; Mrs. Elizabeth H. Holway; Miss Agnes M .Baird; Miss InezL. Abbott; Miss DelphaDavis. 62 Missions in Turkey

Associated with the Mission, not under appointment. — (Samokov) Mr. Herbert B. King, business agent and secretary of the mission. Mrs. Mary M. King, work for women. (Salonica) Mr. Charles L. House, Miss Ruth House, educational work.

Xo missionaries have left the field or returned from furlough during the year. Mr. and Mrs. Holway and Miss Davis are still struggling with the health problem. They and the others on furlough are prevented from returning to the Mission by war conditions. Rev. John \Y. Baird died in Los Angeles, California on Nov­ ember 9, 1917. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson are still in Italy where he has been study­ ing Italian and waiting for some development in the Albanian situation which may suggest an opening for service. After nine months in Salonica, Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy were able to return to Kortcha on September 21, 1917. Mr. and Mrs. Clarke of Monastir are now located in Salonica and Dr. and Mrs. Haskell of Philippopolis have been transferred to Samokov. As this report is going to press word comes that Dr. and Mrs. Haskell, Mr. and Mrs. Markham and Miss Haskell have reached Switzerland, presumably on the way to America. Mr. and Mrs. Woodruff are to be transferred to Samokov to take over the direction of the girls’ school. Miss Sarah E. Guernsey has been secured for a three years’ term in school at Monastir, but war conditions prevent her going to field.

WESTERN TURKEY MISSION

Sm yrna (1820). — Alexander MacLachlan, D. D., ordained: President of In­ ternational College. Mrs. Rose B. MacLachlan: Work for students. Samuel L. Caldwell: Professor in International College. Cass A. Reed: Work for students. Miss Emily McCallum: Principal of Collegiate Institute for Girls. Miss Ilse C. Pohl and Miss Minnie B. Mills: Teachers in Collegiate Institute for Girls.

C onstantinople (1831). — Luther R. Fowle: Assistant treasurer of the Turkey and Balkan Missions; in charge of relief work. Herbert M. Irwin, ordained; Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin-. General work. Miss Anna B. Jones: Principal of Ciedik Pasha School. Miss Annie M. Barker: Teacher in Gedik Pasha School. Miss Annie T. Allen: Teaching in Gedik Pasha School.

Residing at Adabazar. —

Residing at Bardizag. —

Residing at Brousa. —

Trebizond (1835). — Lyndon S. Crawford, D. D., ordained: In charge of general work of the station. Mrs. Olive T. Crawford: In charge of educational work; woman’s work.

Sivas (1851). — Miss Mary M. Graff am: Principal of Girls’ High School; general work. 64 Missions in Turkey

M arsovan (1852). — Dana K . Getchell: Principal of Preparatory Department of Anatolia College. Mrs. Susan R. Getchell: Work for women. M iss Charlotte R. Willard: Principal of the Girls’ Boarding School and King School for the Deaf.

Cesarea (Talas) (1854). —

Outside the Mission. — (Egypt) Miss Mary E. Kinney, Mrs. Lillian C. Sewny: Relief work for Armenian refugees. Isaac N. Camp : Military duty in Pales­ tine. Mrs. Lucille M. Camp: Language study and teaching. Miss Ethel W. Putney. Language study and Red Cross Work. (Russia) Ernest C. Partridge, ordained; Theodore A. Elmer, ordained; Walter N. James, ordained; Carl C. Compton: Mrs. Ruth M. Compton', Miss Susan W. Orvis: Relief work in the Caucasus.

On furlough. — William W. Peet; Mrs. Martha H. Peet; Mrs. Elizabeth L. Chambers', Jam es P. McNaughton, D. D., ordained; Mrs. Rebecca G. McNaugh- ton-,GeorgeE.White,D.D.,ordained; Mrs.EstherB. White;Mrs.WinonaG. Partridge, Charles T. Riggs, ordained; Mrs. Mary S. Riggs; C. Ernest Clark, M. D.; Mrs. InaV. Clark; Mrs. Henrietta M. Elmer; Alden R. Hoover, M. D.; Mrs.Esther F. Hoover; Jesse K . Mar den, M. D .; Mrs. Lucy M. Marden; Ernest Pye, ordained; Mrs. DeEtta D. Pye; Arthur C. Ryan, ordained; Mrs. Edith H. Ryan; S. Ralph Harlow, ordained; Mrs. MarionS. Harlow; J. Kingsley Birge, ordained; Mrs. Anna H. Birge; Henry K . Wingate, ordained; Mrs. Jane C. Wingate; Mrs. Helen C. Fowle; Mrs. Sarah D. Riggs; Mrs. Sarah S. Smith; Frederick W. Macal- lum, D. D., ordained; Mrs. Henrietta W. MacaUum; Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell: Miss Mary I. Ward; Miss Adelaide S. Dwight; Miss NinaE. Rice; MissBerthaB. Morley; Miss AnnieE. Pinneo; Miss Nellie A. Cole; Miss Sophie S. Holt; Mrs. Etta D. Marden; Miss JeannieL. Jillson ; Miss Edith F. Parsons; Miss Fanny E. Burrage; Miss Stella N. Loughridge; M iss Clara C. Richmond; M iss Theda B. Phelps.

Beside those already in this country the following have withdrawn from Turkey during the year: Dr. and Mrs. Peet, Mr. and Mrs. Wingate, Mrs. Caldwell, Mrs. Marden, Miss Jillson, Miss Parsons, Miss Burrage, Miss Loughridge, Miss Richmond and Miss Phelps, most of them because of the war situation and the breaking up of regular mission work. It is the first furlough for Dr. and Mrs. Peet in seventeen years. Previous to his arrival in the United States he spent five months in Switzerland in the interests of relief work. He received the degree of Doctor of Laws from Grinnell College in June, 1917. The missionaries held in the United States are helping in raising relief funds. Dr. Hoover is in the ser­ vice of his country as Captain in the Medical Reserve Corps. Mr. Harlow is acting as Field Secretary for the Home Department of the Board. Drs. Clark, Marden, Mrs. Marden, the Misses Jillson, Morley and Blake are leaving on a special relief expedition to Palestine. Dr. Macallum has returned from the Caucasus and is helping in the office of the Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee in Xew York City, but is expecting shortly to leave again for the Caucasus. All of those associated with the Mission, but not under full appointment, are in this country excepting Mr. Lawrence who is now a War Y. M. C. A. Secretary’ in France. News has come through of the death of Miss France? Missions in Turkey 65

Gage of Marsovan on July 15, 1917. Rev. Robert Chambers, D. D. died in Xewton, Massachusetts, on April 12, 1917. The Talas station is vacant, the missionaries being compelled to leave by the authorities in the spring of 1916. Mr. and Mrs. Irwin are detained in Constanti­ nople because of their Canadian citizenship. The missionaries in Egypt continue their language study and relief work. Mr. Camp is at present a Lieutenant in the Intelligence Department of the British Army operating in Palestine. A party of missionaries has arrived in Tiflis, Russia, for relief work, all members of the Western Turkey Mission, as listed above. Three of these are new mission­ aries, Rev. Walter N. James and Mr. and Mrs. Carl C. Compton, although the men have served terms as tutors previously in Marsovan. Mrs. James and Mrs. John H. Kingsbury were also appointed during the past year and in company with the new missionaries who have been waiting for over a year are looking forward to events favorable to the resumption of missionary work in Turkey.

CENTRAL TURKEY MISSION

Aintab (1847).— John E. Merrill, Ph. D., ordained: President of Central Turkey College; relief work. Miss Elizabeth M. Trowbridge: Work for women; assists in hospital work. Caroline F. Hamilton, M. D. : Physician in charge of women’s department of Azariah Smith Hospital. Miss Harriet C. Norton-. Teacher in Girls’ School and work for women.

Adana (1852). — Cyril H. Haas, M. D., ordained: In charge of International Hospital and general medical work. Miss C. Grace Towner: Educational work and work for women.

Kessab (1853). —

Marash (1854).-— Edward C. Woodley, ordained: In charge of Theological Seminary; treasurer of the station. Mrs.Edythe G. Woodley: Work for women. James K.Lyman, ordained : Professor in Theological Seminary. John C. Martin, ordained: General work. Miss Ellen M. Blakely: President of Girls’ College; supervision of women’s work. Miss AnnieE. Gordon : Teaching in Girls’ college; general evangelistic work for women. Miss Bessie M. Hardy: Teacher of music in (iiris’ College.

Oorfa (1854). —

Tarsus (1859). — Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie: In charge of work of the station and of St. Paul’s College.

H adjin (1872). — Miss Olive M. Vaughan: Educational work.

Outside the Mission. — (Geneva) W. Nesbitt Chambers, D. D .: Financial A^ent in Switzerland for relief work in Turkey. Mrs. Margaret R. Trowbridge-, Mrs. Fanny P. Shepard: Detained in Beirut. 66 Missions in Turkey

On furlough. — Thomas D. Christie, D. D., ordained; Mrs. Cornelia P. Cham­ bers-, Miss MaryC. Webb; Miss Elizabeth S. Webb-, Mrs. Mary C. Martin; Mrs. Isabel T. Met rill; Miss Isabella M. Blake; Fred F. Goodsell, ordained; Mrs. Lulu S. Goodsell; Mark H. Ward, M. D .; Mrs. Anna R. Ward; Miss K ateE. Ainslie; Airs. Maty Rogers Nute; Mrs. Ruth D. H aas; Miss Edith Cold; Miss Lucile Foreman; Mrs. Elvesta T. Leslie.

Associated with the Mission, not under appointment. — (Adana) Miss LucieBorel: Orphanage worker. Miss Annie Davies-. Orphanage worker, hospital superintendent. (Marash) Miss Annie Marshall, Miss Agnes C. Salmond, Miss Alice Smith, orphanage and relief work.

Several missionaries have come home for furlough, Miss Elizabeth Webb of Adana, Mrs. Merrill, Mrs. Leslie, ¡Miss Foreman of Aintab. Mr. Goodsell has also returned to the United States after a year in Russia and Roumania in Y. M. C. A. work. Dr. and Mrs. Mark H. Ward, after a year and a half in Constanti­ nople, came to America. He is serving in the Medical Reserve Corps of the LTnited States Army. Mr. C. F. Ranney left Constantinople with the other missionaries and after a few weeks in Switzerland reached New York where he is assisting in the office of the Armenian and Syrian Relief Committee. Dr. Chambers has located in Geneva to relieve Dr. Peet in the transmission of the relief funds to Turkey. Mrs. Shepard has joined Mrs. Trowbridge in Beirut. According to recent cable advices, Mr. Gracey has entered governmental service in the Cau­ casus having been very active in the relief work. Mr. Martin as a Canadian is interned in Marash by the Government, but has considerable freedom of action. Miss Blake is leaving with a special relief expedition to Palestine.

EASTERN TURKEY MISSION

Erzroom (1839). — Robert Stapleton, ordained: In charge of the general work of the station; general supervision of Boys’ School; station treasurer.

D iarbekir (1853). —

H arpoot (1855). —

B itlis (1855). —

M ardin (1861). — Mrs. Seraphina S. Dewey. General evangelistic work for women. Miss DianthaL. Dewey. Superintendent of Primary Schools Miss J. Louise Graf: Kindergartner; work for women and girls.

Van (1872). —

Outside the Mission. — George C. Raynolds, M. D., D. D., ordained; Ernes: A. Yarrow, ordained; Mrs. Jane T. Yanow; Harrison A. Maynard, ordained: Mrs. Mary W. Maynard ; Henry H. White; Mrs. Irma W. White: Relief work in Erivan, Russia. Edward P. Case, M. D., ordained: Red Cross work in France. Missions in Turkey 67

Ernest W. Riggs, ordained: Mrs. AliceS. Riggs; Ira W. Pierce, ordained; Mrs. Georgina R. Pierce; Miss Margaret H. Campbell'. Detained in Beirut. Floyd 0. Smith, M. D.; Mrs. Bessie H. Smith: Temporarily in medical work in Davao, Mindanao. Miss Rachel B. North: Assisting in teaching at Gedik Pasha School, Constantinople.

On furlough. — Clarence D. Vssher, M .D .; RichardS. M.Emnch, ordained; Mrs. Jeanette W.Emrich; Alpheus N. Andrus, D. D., ordained; Henry H. Riggs, ordained; Mrs. Tacy A. Atkinson; Mts. Ida S. Stapleton, M. D.; Miss Mary L. Daniels- Miss Ruth M. Bushnell; Miss Agnes Fenenga; Miss Mary W. Riggs; Miss E. Gertrude Rogers; Miss Caroline Silliman; Mrs. Florence F. Case; Miss Vina M. Sherman; Miss Myrtle 0 . Shane; Miss Grisell M . McLaren; Miss Isabelle Harley; Ruth A. Parmelee, M. D.

Associated with the Mission, not under appointment. — (Harpoot) Miss Marie Jacobsen: Nurse.

The Mission is further depleted by the coming to the United States of all the Harpoot missionaries except those in Beirut. Miss Jacobsen remains to oversee the relief work in Harpoot and care for the orphans. Dr. Andrus finally reached America in June, 1917, and Miss Sherman arrived in August. Dr. Case reached Paris and is now a lieutenant in medical work in France, while Mrs. Case came to her home in this country. Finding no further need for her services in Konia, Miss North went to Constantinople and is helping in teaching in the Gedik Pasha School. Miss Uline has become Home Secretary of the Woman’s Board of the Interior in Chicago. Dr. and Mrs. Floyd O. Smith have been located in Davao in the Philippine Mission to help temporarily in the hospital until the way opens to Turkey. Mr. Stapleton has secured permission to remain in Erzroom and Mrs. Stapleton hopes to join him during 1918, having been delayed here longer than she expected. The missionaries in Beirut found no way to leave and are helping in the work at the College. Shortly before the missionaries decided to leave Harpoot the station was saddened by the death of Mrs. Emma Barnum Riggs from Typhus fever on April 27, 1917. The only new appointees are Mr. and Mrs. Henry H. White who are now with the relief workers in the Caucasus. 68 Missions in Turkey

THE TURKEY AND BALKAN MISSIONS

The Balkans

From the Bulgarian side of the Balkan Mission practically nothing has been received during the entire year. The American Government does not accept mail for the Balkans and communi­ cations from there are not allowed to come through. It is only in­ direct and remote reports showing that the missionaries are well and the work going on as well as could be expected under the un­ toward war conditions that prevail that have come to us at all. Communication with Salonica, however, has been more open. The work there has been unusually active, both in the agricultural school at the farm and at the station in Salonica. The entire mis­ sion force has been on the ground, as reported a year ago, with the addition of Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy who returned during the year. There has been a great demand upon the missionaries for relief work. The school work in Salonica has enlarged materially owing to the closing of other schools of the city, to the influx of popula­ tion from outside districts and to the evident desire on the part of the people for education. The station has called strongly for re­ inforcements. The son of Dr. House has been sent out by the corporation of the Thessalonica Agricultural and Industrial Insti­ tute to be associated with his father and with the expectation that he will later succeed his father in the conduct of that important and most valuable institution. The missionaries in their work and their person have received only kindness at the hands of the mili­ tary officials, and especially the doctors and surgeons. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy, after a brief period spent at Salonica, upon the call of the Albanian Governor of Kortcha and with the ap­ proval of the French military authorities and the United States Consul and the station at Salonica, went to Kortcha to reopen the work there. Their going was assisted by the French military authorities and their welcome was all that could be desired. Sev­ eral communications have come from them since their arrival and there is no indication of any hindrance whatever to their opening the school and going on with the work. There is great need for funds to put the school thoroughly upon its feet. The situation in Monastir has remained about the same during the year and that is just about as bad as can be. Miss Matthews Missions in Turkey 6g has chosen to remain on there alone, although Mr. and Mrs. Clarke were compelled to withdraw to Salónica, thus reinforcing the Salónica station but leaving Miss Matthews without any mission­ ary associate. The school for the greater part of the year has not been in session, but evi­ dently there has been a con­ siderable number of girls and women in the home with Miss Matthews. The prem­ ises have been under bom­ bardment repeatedly and the buildings have been some­ what injured by the ex­ plosion of bombs and shells either within the buildings or in the immediate neigh­ borhood. It is evident that Miss Matthews’ life has been in peril at limes; in fact, while she was conversing with an English woman; the mother of one of the British officers, a fragment of a shell exploded near by fatally wounding the English woman while Miss Matthews was uninjured. She has been urged to join her colleagues in Sa­ lónica, but has chosen to stay on in the midst of the peril that sur­ rounds her there. There have been other Europeans in the city with whom she has been associated, but none of her missionary colleagues. The missionaries seem strong in their conviction that when the war conditions have passed, the work in the Balkans will be more promising than ever before. The relation between the missionaries and the Bulgarian Government and officials has continued cordial and friendly. Bulgaria has not, up to the present time, broken diplo­ matic relations with the United States and it is not expected, if that step were taken, that it would materially affect the standing and work of the missionaries, who are recognized everywhere as non­ political and non-partisan. Mr. and Mrs. Erickson have remained in Italy, Mr. Erickson as­ sisting in some of the general evangelistic work in that field and keeping in touch as far as possible with the situation in Albania. During the year two disastrous fires have seriously affected Mon- astir and Salónica, although in neither case were the mission prem­ ises injured. The fire in Salónica came very near the mission 70 Missions in Turkey house, but it was spared, although the missionaries removed many of their effects. These fires have added much to the distress and suffering in both cities and have put an additional strain and burden upon the missionary body.

The Turkey Missions

Contrary to our expectations a year ago, it is impossible to give at this time a full report, or anything like an adequate report, of the progress of mission work or the work of our missionaries in Turkey during the last twelve months. There has been no cessa­ tion in the conflict within the bounds of the Turkish Empire during the entire year, and in addition to the war that prevailed when the report of a year ago was written we have to face now the fact that Turkey, in May, broke diplomatic relations with the United States, thus forcing the withdrawal from the country of all official repre­ sentatives of the United States in Turkey, closing the Consulates and Embassies and passing over to the Swedish Legation and Swed­ ish officials in Turkey the responsibility for the protection of Ameri­ can interests there. At the time Turkey broke diplomatic relations, the United States Government advised and urged that all Americans then in Turkey should withdraw from the country. Many did so, not be-

1 niirrç^

A Group of Moslem Refugees In Phocis Harbor, Greece Missions in Turkey 7i

cause of fear of any maltreatment should they remain, but because the future was uncertain, accompanied with the desire that as many as possible of the missionaries in Turkey who were not definitely engaged in regular work should come out and have their furloughs completed when war conditions permitted the full resumption of missionary work. Because of the greater restrictions put upon the work of the missionaries on account of the broken diplomatic rela­ tions, work that had been hitherto carricd on was brought to a standstill. This was another reason why it wras a favorable time for the missionaries to take their furloughs at the appointed time and get ready to return. The missionaries who withdrew from the country came mostly in company with United States officials through Bulgaria and Austria into Switzerland, and from there to the United States. In December, 1917, there were 49 American Board missionaries, or others who were working in close and inti­ mate relations with the American Board missionaries in Turkey, still in the country, accompanied by ten children. The names of these missionaries and those associated with them now in the field appear at the head of this report. We would call attention, how­ ever, to the fact that 8 of these are in Constantinople, 8 in Smyrna, 3 in Marsovan, 1 in Harpoot, 3 in Mardin, 4 in Aintab, 1 in Tarsus, 2 in Adana, 1 in Hadjin, 7 in Marash, 1 in Sivas, 8 in Beirut, 1 in Konia, and 1 with the British forces in Syria. Some of these mis­ sionaries, like Miss Graffam at Sivas, have declared it to be their pur­ pose and determination to remain where they are no matter what external conditions may prevail. It is an interesting fact that at Mardin, Harpoot, Tarsus, Hadjin, Sivas and Konia, only women are remaining; at all the other stations there are one or more men. The colony at Beirut went there expecting to leave for the United States through that port, and have been held there to the present time. All of these various missionaries, remaining at 14 different centers, are engaged in various forms of relief work, in the distribution of the funds that are supplied by the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief. A cable despatch that reached the American Board offices about the middle of December reports the arrival at Berne, Switzerland, of one directly out from Constantinople. He reported that the mis­ sionaries in Turkey were well at that time and that relief work was going on unhindered. We have reason to expect and believe that the College at Smyrna, Robert College, and the American College 72 Missions in Turkey

in Constantinople, and the College at Beirut are continuing their work this year. No report has come from the interior stations indicating how much of the regular missionary work is still in pro­ gress. It would not be expected that we should have full reports at hand on the conditions in the interior of Turkey, as communication be­ tween the American Board and the missionaries in Turkey has been practically cut off. We can reach Constantinople now under the Government license only through Switzerland, and correspondence is limited to matters pertaining to the business of transmitting funds for relief purposes and for the support of the missionaries. So far as we can see, this condition will continue so long as the war with Turkey lasts. There has been some clamor in the United States for a declara­ tion of war against Turkey on the part of the United States. The President however recommended that war be not declared, and we understand that that is the policy which the Administration will follow so long as present conditions prevail. The declaration of war against Turkey could produce nothing but unfortunate results, as it would absolutely limit all activity of Americans in Turkey, would probably cut off the distribution of relief for the s u ffe r in g Armenians, and probably would lead to the renewal of atrocities committed against the non-Moslem populations. There is also reason to believe that all American property would be at once seized by the Government and used for military purposes. The only reports that we can present at this time are those written by missionaries who left their stations in the late spring of 1917 and who have written their reports since their arrival in the United States. No one coming out of Turkey, except the Government officials, was allowed to bring any written or printed matter. We have reports from three centers which we are able to give somewhat at length, and from these one can judge not a little of the condi­ tions at other stations in the interior. From Ain tab we have the report of Mrs. John E. Merrill who left there in the Spring. Mrs. Merrill reports that the Christian population of that entire mission field was deported to the southern deserts. In Aintab city alone, 20,000 of the Christian population were thus sent away. 400 men of military age were retained as industrial soldiers and their fam ilies kept in the city. Later, these industrial soldiers were removed to Aleppo while their families remained at Aintab. The greater part Missions in Turkey 73 of the Ain tab people, including the strength'of the Protestant churches, were sent down the river to Der-el-Zor, and these were almost without exception killed in the various massacres that have taken place there. Of the few remaining in the city, the larger part are dependent upon relief. In the Aintab district there were 12,000 refugee women and children from the north­ ern province who were in an extreme state of destitution. In Aintab itself, business is at a standstill, shops closed, markets empty; the schools and churches all closed. Mrs. Merrill speaks of the won­ derful Christian spirit with which the Aintab Christians faced deportation and death. They went to their doom full of courage, and in abso­ lute reliance upon the prom­ ises of God. One of them quoted to Mrs. Merrill, as A Village Priest and a Missionary Baby she Started off to the desert with her little family of four children: “ Be thou faithful unto death and I will give thee a crown of life.” Mrs. Merrill adds that two months later she learned that the crown had been won. Typhus prevailed in the city of Aintab and in the surrounding villages as well as in the region to which these exiles were sent, and many perished from that disease. The effort to induce the Chris­ tians to accept Mohammedanism was not successful, only a very few of weak character yielding to the pressure, but in general the people resisted the influence and stood true to their Christian faith, even though it meant exile for themselves and their families. With only two or three exceptions all the leaders have gone from the city. The men of ability, pastors and professors and other teachers, and leading business men were among the very first on the list to be ar­ rested and sent into exile. The orders that were reported to have l>een sent from Constantinople exempting Protestants from deporta­ 74 Missions in Turkey

tion were not executed in Aintab, and the impression was given that these promises were made in Constantinople only to deceive the Ambassadors but that there was no intention from the beginning of making any exception. The city of Marash did not seem to suffer as much as the city of Aintab or its immediate environments. Many of the Christians remained at Marash, and two of the four American Board churches have remained open and are in constant use for Sunday services. The second church in Marash was used as a home for refugees. There were not as many exiles from outside who came into Marash as into Aintab, and the relief problem was more simple, while the number of missionaries remaining there was larger than in all the interior stations. At Adana and Tarsus, more Christians were allowed to remain than at Aintab. All of the Armenians were sent away from Hadjin except a few widows and girls who were in the American school under Miss Vaughan's care and a few very poor families. Ivessab, near Antioch, one of our largest and most prosperous outstations, was entirely emptied of its Christian population, while Aleppo, the capital of the province, suffered almost nothing from deportation, the city itself being filled with refugees who came in from the north and west. Mrs. Merrill reports that there were at least 30,000 Armenian refugees in the city alone, mostly women and children. This was made an important center for the distribution of relief and since the departure of the United States Consul, the relief work, which was well organized, is still going on in force. As to the churches in the Central Turkey field, almost all of them were either closed, destroyed, or used as barracks, factories, and in some cases as stables by the existing government. The churches that are open, so far as known, are the two above mentioned in Marash, one in Killis and one in Oorfa. Nearly all of the Protes­ tant pastors have been exiled, but at last report received at Aintab about 30 of them were still living. This is a remarkable showing and if their lives can be sustained it will be a powerful element for re­ organizing the. work later on. The College at Aintab was kept closed for two years preceding the departure of Mrs. Merrill from Aintab. The chief reason for clos­ ing the College was the fact that the faculty were bodily deported, although a considerable number of the boys of the College remained there for two years. The girls’ school continued in a quiet way with Missions m Turkey 75 some 30 boarders, while the boys’ orphanage building in Aintab was taken by the government for military purposes, but the children were transferred to the college buildings, the older boys being drafted into the army. The girls’ orphanage at Marden Hill was continued as before. In Marash the Girls’ College had continued its work with little interruption, and the same was true of the Adana Girls’ College, al­ though the boys’ orphanage in Marash was seized by the govern­ ment when Turkey declared war against England, and is now a Turkish orphanage. The girls’ orphanage, which is under the hand of a Scottish woman, Miss Salmond, was also taken possession of by the government but later the girls were transferred to the girls’ col­ lege, where they remain, the building still being in government hands. The village schools in the Marash field, so far as we know, were all closed. Miss Vaughan, alone at the Hadjin H^me, has been able to protect a large number of girls and widows, and more recently she has opened school work for them. The hospitals in Aintab and Adana were used for military purposes w hile remaining under the control of the Mission, each one being crowded to the utmost in administering to the needs of the sick and suffering of the military force. Dr. Shepard contracted typhus in caring for typhus patients in the hos­ pital at Aintab. Dr. Hamilton of Aintab, Dr. Haas of Adana, with Miss Davies, the nurse, have recovered from the typhus and are rontinuing their medical work. All of these missionaries in all of the stations of this Mission have heen engaged in relief work since the distress began. Industrial forms of relief have been adopted as far as possible. This work is going on now, while the funds are being supplied by the American Committee. In closing her report Mrs. Merrill says, “The spirit of the early church and of the early Christian martyrs has not dis­ appeared from the world. We have seen it wonderfully shown in Turkey in these last two years, and I believe that out of this great sacrifice there will spring fruit in Turkey just as it did from the persecutions of the Roman Emperors in the same country. The Christians of Turkey have once more been called upon to suffer, and this time more deeply than ever before, but we believe that in Cod’s purpose even these sufferings must be necessary for the salva­ tion of that great empire and that He will use the faithful witness of those who are gone to open the door for the ultimate triumph of 11 is Kingdom.” 76 Missions in Turkey

An extended report has been received from Miss Loughridge. ■ from Talas and Cesarea, covering more especially the work of the Girls’ School from the beginning of the war until the summer oi 1917. She reports that the year preceding the outbreak of the war had been one of the most successful in the history of their work. The story of the suffering to which the people of the city were sub­ jected and the persecutions that came to the girls in the school and the women of the town is a story too long and too harrowing to be reported here in detail; but accompanying this is the marvelous story of Christian loyalty and fortitude, in the face of every physical incentive to deny belief in Christ and to accept Islam. The mis­ sionaries remaining at their posts were able in many ways to protect

CHILDREN STRAYED ON THE WAY FROM VAN~TO 1C DIR They were picked up and put into a home till they were identified by their parents. Note Russian priest at the right

the girls, although frequently they were impotent to render any as­ sistance whatever, and there were cases when their manifest friend­ ship brought unusual hardship to those whom they would assist In spite of these difficulties the school continued its work under these- unnatural and untoward conditions. Then crowds of exiles flocked Missions in Turkey 77 into the city from the North and the West and the attention of the missionaries and all who were permitted to take part was turned to doing everything possible for saving the lives of the refugees. In spite of everything done, many of the girls from the school were taken away and sent into exile, or into a condition even worse. This deportation of the girls took place after most of the native Christian teachers had been deported. Many of the girls were held in prison for five months, and finally were allowed to return to their homes unharmed. While in prison they were persistently called upon to deny their Christianity and to accept Mohammedanism, and as persistently they adhered to their faith in Jesus Christ. Six of the girls went in a body to the superintendent and said: “We are not Moslems and we will never be, even if we must die for it,” and de­ manded back their Christian names, which had been taken away from them and Mohammedan names given in their places. Their request was granted. The boys’ school was not allowed to continue, and the general evangelistic work in the field was practically stopped and the churches closed.

Harpoot Station

During the latter days of July, 1914, the Eastern Turkey Mission held its annual meeting in Harpoot. The Meeting was one long to be remembered for its spiritual uplift, even aside from the almost tragic significance of a meeting held at that date. The outlook over our work was superficially the most encouraging that has been pre­ sented at any time for many years. Institutional and routine work at all points was reported as in a highly satisfactory state. But the meeting faced the fact that the work of the mission as a whole was not progressing in a spiritual sense at a rate to keep pace with external advance, and after earnestly facing the situation during days of prayer and conference, the meeting came to two very con­ crete decisions. The first of these does not appear with its real significance to any­ one who did not follow the discussions that preceded it. The M is­ sion decided that we had received in that meeting a distinct call of Cod to place, in all lines of our work, the overwhelming emphasis of every effort on the spiritual as opposed to the formal side of our work. And we consecrated ourselves anew to the ideal of success and progress only through bringing individual lives, first of all our own, into personal fellowship with the Lord Jesus Christ. 78 Missions in Turkey

The second momentous decision of the meeting was also taken after thorough and prayerful discussion. The mission voted unani­ mously that the hour had come for the direct emphasis and pres­ sure of our effort to be transferred from the Christian to the Moslem races of our field. The Mission organized itself into committees, including every member of the mission, whose duties were outlined in the mission meeting, and whose purpose was to initiate and carry on aggressive missionary work among Moslems. The mission decided that while every effort should be made to prosecute this work with tact and care, not to arouse antagonism, yet the mission considered that it should not draw back from aggressive work along this line, even if it should develop that that work would endanger the stability of the institutions into which so much of the effort of the past has been put, or put in jeopardy the lives of our workers, native or foreign. Before the delegates to that meeting had returned to their sta­ tions, the European war broke out, and within a year practically all our work and workers were swept away by the awful atrocities of 1915. At the time of the outbreak of the Great War, Harpoot Station had on its list of active sendee (these figures are given from memory) fourteen ordained pastors, twenty-one ordained preachers, and one hundred teachers, men and women. At present, so far as is known— one pastor survives, three unordained preachers in Harpoot and three in exile are living, and twenty teachers remain in Harpoot and some three or four in exile, of whom three only are men. All of the forty- three schools are closed and the buildings either destroyed or in the hands of the Turks, and of the thirty-six churches and preach in g- places, all are gone save the one church in Harpoot. At the outbreak of the war all men from 20 to 45 were called to service. This included a considerable number of teachers whose places had to be filled either by women or by boys under 20. It also included most of our pastors and preachers, but exemption for these was secured under the draft law, as well as for a few teachers who were exempted as church helpers. It was thus possible to go on with most of our regular work during the winter of 1914-15. Euphrates College continued its regular work until February, 1915, when several of our Professors were arrested, and all of our buildings requisitioned for military purposes. At the time it ap­ peared that the motive of both of these steps was to cripple the mis­ Missions in Turkey 79 sionary work, but later developments have led to the conclusion that they were but a part of the larger plan for the destruction of the Armenians. The closing of the college and the seizure of the buildings were carried out with the greatest rigor and discourtesy, and the professors arrested were subjected to terrible treatment, and later to physical and mental tortures, the parallel of which must be sought in the days of the inquisition. One after another all of the professors of the college save one were subjected to such treat­ ment, and though three were subsequently released, only that one survives today, the others having succumbed to disease. The buildings of the college were occupied by the military authori­ ties, at first as barracks and training camp, and later as a military hospital. During their first occupation the damage to the buildings amounted to several thousand dollars, nearly five hundred panes of »lass and much of the plastering and woodwork having been wanton­ ly destroyed. For a time the only part of the College buildings left to us was the lower part of the girls’ College, where all the furniture from all the other buildings, together Avith seventy-five or more girls and teachers, were crowded in while the soldiers occupied the upper floors of the same building. Later those upper floors were vacated and later still one other building, the girls’ primary school, and in these two buildings the girls’ department was opened in full force. The work of the girls’ school, which was continued from the fall of 1915 to April, 1917, was a source of great satisfaction to all in­ n-rested in the missionary work. Not only did it furnish a center for hope and confidence for the sadly distracted remnant of the Ar­ menians, but the work and the spiritual life of the girls and their teachers was deeply significant. It was the one spot of light and faith and joy in an otherwise black horizon. In the audience hall of the Girls’ High School, services were held during all that time. The attendance gradually grew till, during the whole of the last year, it taxed the capacity of the room, six or ^■ven hundred people being crowded in at times. Pastor Vartan Amirkhanian, the one pastor who was spared from death, was in charge of these services, and there the people of all sects, w hose own churches had without exception been destroyed or desecrated, were drawn together into a new bond of fellowship of a common faith, and although very few of the Protestant Church members had sur­ vived, the communion services held in that hall from time to time v*'-re occasions of deep spiritual significance, in which all were free 8o Missions in Turkey

to have a share. When, in May, 1917, the Turkish troops finally occupied the remaining buildings of the station, the people petitioned the officer in charge, and he vacated the Protestant Church, which for three years had been a military hospital, and gave it to Pastor Vartan, who is still conducting sendees there. This was done as a personal recognition of Pastor Vartan’s character and worth. The Annie Tracy Riggs Hospital has continued its work without interruption since the beginning of the war. At the outbreak of war the military authorities were offered the use of the hospital wards for sick and wounded soldiers; later on the Red Cross Society pro­ vided funds so that the soldiers in the hospital were cared for entirely by the American hospital staff. After this support was withdrawn,

A Soup Kitchen at Etchmiadzin the military authorities still kept their soldiers there, supported and supendsed by the military staff, but attended by our own hospital attendants. During that entire period, therefore, the American hospital was full of Moslem soldiers, cared for in large part by Chris­ tian attendants, and always under direct missionary influence. For a time no hindrance was put in the way of direct evangelistic work for these soldiers, and daily prayers and Sunday preaching sendees were continued for some months, and received with perfect respect and generally with earnest attention and sympathy by tin* Missions in Turkey 81

Moslem patients. Later formal services were forbidden by the military authorities, but personal and informal effort was unremit­ ting. No one can estimate the value of the seed thus sown in the hearts of hundreds of Moslem soldiers. When the missionaries left Harpoot, in May, 1917, the hospital was left in the hands of the mili­ tary authorities. At the personal request of Mrs. Atkinson, how­ ever, that part of the hospital that had been used for poor Christian patients was still kept for that purpose, and the income from the sale of the hospital drugs was, at last accounts, being used to support a considerable number of Christian patients in that hospital, under the care of the military doctors. The major part of the time and energy of the missionaries during the war has been devoted to relief work. At the time of the edict of deportation, all available funds were at once used to provide for the very poorest of the people bread and clothing for their journey. Most of this aid was wasted, as few survived to use what was given them, and most of the survivors were plundered within a few days. Immediately after the deportation commenced, refugees began to come to us from all directions. Some of these had come from Er- zroum, Erzingian, Trebizond, and other points to the north. Others had escaped from the convoys starting from Harpoot, or had evaded deportation in their villages, and fled to us for shelter and food. This work grew daily till, during the winter of 1916-17 nearly seven thousand Armenian widows and orphans were gathered at Harpoot, of whom about five thousand looked to us for their daily bread. The condition of these refugees was pitiable in the extreme, and in spite of the fact that we were disbursing as much as £T4000 per month in relief, it was impossible to care for all or to prevent starvation, and widespread disease resulting from malnutrition. Many of these people had suffered such soul-searing horrors that they had lost men­ tal and moral grip. Some were raving mad, and others indescrib­ ably dull and apathetic. Many were morally wrecked, and had lost all hope. But there were others whose life under these trying cir­ cumstances was an inspiration and encouragement. The value of those two years of relief work as a missionary investment it is difficult to appraise. But it has served to keep alive those thousands of the >eed of a future Armenian race in Turkey, and at the same time it has made a profound impression on the Moslems, as an object les­ son in practical Christianity. 82 Missions in Turkey

The effort has not been without its terrible cost in the sacrifice of lives. Pastor Durtad who had chargeof the relief work in Mezereh laid down his life as a direct sacrifice to his work, as he contracted the fatal typhus fever in caring for the poor. Mrs. H. N. Barnum, and Mrs. M. P. Parmelee, both rather feeble at the outbreak of the war, passed away during those months of terror, though not directfy as a result of war service. On December 17, 1915 little Annie Riggs died of a violent illness which seems to have been ty­ phus fever brought into the home by the refugees who were cared for there every day. A week later Dr. H. H. Atkinson succumbed to the same disease, contracted in his work in the Hospital. On April 27, 1917, Mrs. Emma Barnum Riggs died of the same disease,

Coming Out of the Interior of Turkey contracted from the poor for whom she was laboring day and night. Five other members of the mission circle in Harpoot con­ tracted the disease during the war, but recovered. The deaths of Dr. Atkinson and Mrs. Riggs called forth most touching expressions of sympathy and appreciation, from all classes, and most notably from Moslems whom their lives had touched. In both cases Turkish soldiers asked the privilege of being pall-bearers, and other unusual expressions of appreciation showed the deep im­ pression that these two lives and their sacrificial death had made on those who witnessed them, as it were, from without. In November, 1915 Messrs. Ernest Riggs and Pierce, with their families, and Misses Riggs and Campbell, left for America by way <>t Missions in Turkey 83

Beirut, it being thought unwise for so many to remain under the circumstances, especially the women and children. All but Mis? Riggs are still in Beirut, as no ships have touched there since their arrival. In April, 1917, on the strong advice of Mr. Peet and the Ambassador, it was decided that Mrs. Atkinson and her family, and Misses MacLaren, Shane, Harley and Parmelee should leave for America, leaving Mr. and Mrs. Riggs (with possibly one of the ladies named) to continue the work. The death of Mrs. Riggs, together with the attitude assumed by the local government officials in confiscating all our food supplies, horses, and some other property, made it seem unwise for any Americans to attempt to remain on the ground. Miss Jacobsen, the Danish lady for eight years a member of our station, was left in charge of our school girls and of relief work, and the American missionary forces evacuated Harpoot on May 16, 1917. In considering the future of the work in Harpoot, it seems futile to consider any other possibility than the victory of the cause of freedom, and the establishment of a free government of some sort in Armenia. But if conditions permit of the re-establishment of missionary work in Harpoot, the whole outlook seems to cetiter in the Moslem races of our field. Deeply touched and influenced by the Christian service rendered by Americans and Armenians during the past dark three years, humiliated and softened by their own suffer­ ings, reverses, and especially by the collapse of Moslem solidarity in the utter failure of the call to the Jihad, the Moslems now seem peculiarly open to Christian influence, and the outlook seems bright for the carrying out of the plans laid by the Mission meeting just be­ fore the outbreak of the war, plans which, while apparently utterly frustrated by the catastrophe that overwhelmed our work, seem now to be really the plans of our Master, inspired by Him at the time, and to be carried out in His good time and way.

The Work in Russia

In the Russian section of the American Board field the mission­ aries who were laboring there a year ago, at the time the report was written, are still on the ground, with the exception of Dr. Macal- lum who came home in order to have his regular furlough completed, ready for the work of reconstruction when war conditions permit. Mr. Stapleton has been able to get to Erzroom and he is looking 84 Missions in Turkey after the work there while the other missionaries in. the field are as indicated at the head of this report. Mr. Gracey has been drafted into some form of political service under the English Government, as he is a British subject. In July, eight missionaries of the American Board started to join those who were already in the Caucasus, for relief and general missionary work. They went by the way of Japan, and after considerable delay finally reached Tiflis, a cable in early December announcing their safe arrival there. This party consisted of Rev. Ernest C. Partridge from Sivas, Professor Theodore A. Elmer from Marsovan, Miss Susan W. Orvis from Cesarea, Mr. and Mrs. Henry H. White under appointment to Van, Mr. and Mrs. Carl C. Compton and Rev. Walter N. James under appointment to Marso-

Village Refugees Asleep at Van van. For physical reasons Mrs. James was not able to go-with the party. Reports show that this relief party is in the midst of some 350,000 Armenian refugees who have fled from persecution in Turkcv into the Russian Caucasus, and perhaps another 100,000 who are still within the areas which Russia has wrested from Turkey. Com­ munication has been somewhat hindered between the American Board and these missionaries in the Caucasus, and yet frequent letters and reports have come through. The latest reports indicate that the missionaries are well but in the midst of a terrible need, Missions in Turkey 85 which is greatly emphasized by the withdrawal of aid from the Russian Government, which had hitherto been given, throwing all the responsibility for assistance upon the American Committee. Thousands of the children among these refugees are being gathered into orphanages and trained in professions and trades for special service when repatriation takes place. A great many forms of in­ dustrial enterprises are being employed: for instance, wool and cotton are bought in bulk and made into clothing by the refugees themselves, all the processes of manufacture being carried on by them.

The Future

Among the large number of missionaries who have come out of Turkey during the year, not one has sounded a note of pessimism in reference to the future. They are all convinced that we are facing in the Turkish Empire opportunities of. approach to all classes, and especially to the Mohammedans, which we have never faced before in all the century of American Board work in that country. There are many indications of a new and even surprising susceptibility of Mohammedans to the Christian approach. They have seen the loyalty and devotion of tens of thousands of the persecuted Chris­ tians and have been led to inquire seriously as to the secret therof. During the year, as for instance in the College at Smyrna that re­ ports one of the most successful years of its history, there have been many inquiries among Mohammedan students, and the number of such has been large, coming mostly from influential families. As the centralized power of Mohammedanism is broken, owing to the repudiation of the Sultan of Turkey as Caliph of Islam, Turkey can no more intimidate its Moslem subjects as in former years. The breaking up of Turkey as the dominant Moslem power and the general recognition of the Sherif of Mecca as the true successor of Mohammed and Caliph of Mohammedanism has brought keen religious discour­ agement and disappointment to tens of thousands of Mohammedans within the Turkish Empire. They see that their boasted unity is gone, and doubt is shown in their hearts as to whether after all Islam is destined to be the religion for all men. This doubt makes the Mohammedan field in Turkey more promising, quite irrespective of what the future government of that country will be. In regard to this point we will attempt no prophecy. 86 Missions in Turkey

The Prudential Committee, recognizing the need and opportunity in that great field and also conscious of the fact that in the last three years there have been but few appointments to the Balkans and to the Turkey Mission, has authorized the finding and appoint­ ment of fifty new male missionaries for Turkey and the Balkans. These are to be divided among ordained men, teachers, physicians and special workers, and to this number is added ten trained nurses. It is expected that the Women’s Boards will also authorize a corres­ pondingly large number of new appointees when conditions permit their going to the field. This action on the part of the Prudential Committee demonstrates its belief in the future of that great and needy country as a special mission field of the American Board. It demonstrates its readiness, within the limits of possibility, to meet that need. There is every evidence that the Lord is working out some mighty plan for that great blood-stained, sin-cursed country. The sacrifices of the last three years can never be in vain. In the King­ dom of Heaven there is no waste. Spiritual seed is never destroyed, although it may be hidden in the earth, unseen, for a period. The work of the last hundred years may be looked upon as preparative and this present war a climax of this period of preparation, all to be followed by most unprecedented returns for all this sacrifice and service which that country has never before offered, and an oppor­ tunity for reaching the Mohammedan world which has never con­ fronted the Christian Church for a thousand years, and more. These conditions call for a new assembling of the resources of the American Board in order that the opportunity so dearly bought may not come to naught. We are confident that if now we move for­ ward with the true spirit of the Christ, the spirit of love and devo­ tion and unstinted service, we can stamp upon the Mohammedans of Turkey, and through them of the Near and Far East, the true spirit of our Lord and Master. The opportunity is ours. Will we seize it? Missions in Turkey 87

Institutions of the Balkan and Turkey Missions

The general war conditions have continued another year and have interfered with regular school work in most of the stations in Turkey and the Balkans. Schools have been maintained under restrictions in Samokov, Sofia, Salonica, Constantinople, Smyrna, Harpoot, Trebizond, Marash, Tarsus, and Hadjin. The reports given below are largely a repetition of those of the preceding year, stating the enrolment under normal conditions.

THE BALKANS

The Collegiate and Theological Institute, Samokov, Bulgaria.— The American Boys’ Gymnasium. Course of study essentially that of the Bulgarian national schools preparatory to the university. Recognized by the Bulgarian government. Highest enrolment 117, including 39 Evengelicals, 69 Orthodox, 8 Jews and 1 Catholic. Teaching force 13, including 2 missionaries and 11 Bul­ garians. Course of study covers eight years. Student body small from choice. I'his is the only evangelical school in Bulgaria for the training of young men for Christian service as preachers and teachers. The school was in session throughout the year in spite of conditions incident to the war. Twenty of the students were drafted into the army. It was impossible to secure a physics teacher for the scientific department. The food and light problem wras extreme.

The American Girls’ Gymnasium, Samokov, Bulgaria. Supported by the Woman’s Board of the Interior. Normal enrolment 103, Boarding Depart­ ment having 69, day students 34; teaching force, 4 Americans and 15 Bulgarians. Seven year course. Recognized by the government. The attendance during the year was larger than usual. A class was graduated at Commencement.

Girls’ Boarding and High School, Monastir, Servia. — Before the Balkan wars this school was under the Bulgarian government; then it passed into Servian control; then back under the Bulgarian government; and now is once more run in accordance with Servian Law. Kindergarten attached. Work in English from the first primary grade up. Servian teachers supplied by government. A boys’ department in this girls’ school. Total enrolment of both departments usually over 150. Teaching force 10, including 2 missionary ladies. Supported by the Women’s Board of the Interior. The school was not in session during the past year. Miss Matthews gave her time principally to the care of 30 orphan children.

Girls’ Boarding School, Kortcha, Albania, — Closed for the time in Al­ bania by war conditions. Not under Board supervision any longer but controlled by a separate Board of Trustees with headquarters at Oberlin. Mr. and Mrs. Kennedy have returned to Kortcha, and are reopening the school.

Boys’ Boarding School, Elbasan, Albania. — Closed at the time of the Balkan wars and not yet reopened, for obvious reasons. 88 Missions in Turkey

Kindergarten at Sofia, Bulgaria. — The two kindergartens were in session throughout the year. There were more applications for admission than could be possibly accommodated. In spite of the cold weather and various children’s diseases which abounded in the city there were over 50 children in the main school and 25 at the branch. The monthly fee for new comers was increased over seven times without seriously reducing the number of applicants. The most serious problem was that of fuel. In February the last piece of coal was used and there was no fire to warm the kindergarten. There were 2 in the training class for kindergarten teachers who will graduate in June, 1918.

Thessalonica Agricultural and Industrial Institute, Salonica, Greece. Enrolment 40 boys, including Greeks, though originally the student body was composed mostly of Bulgarians. A promising work along right lines in the right place. Supported by a separate Board of Trustees. On April 15, 1916, the fire destroyed the Mission School building. For the mo­ ment it seemed as if the work had received a serious blow but in its hour of need many friends came to the rescue. Funds were quickly secured and a new and stronger building was erected and is now occupied. It was a trying year in many respects but not without its rewards. An opportunity to minister through special services and social gatherings to the soldiers in the nearby camps has been im­ proved and has been helpful to the school.

Publications

Publication Department, Samokov, Bulgaria. — Usual output is some 80,000 copies of some 75 different tracts; 1,660 books of 40 different kinds; 3,000,- 000 pages of Christian printed matter.

The Zomitza. — The only weekly Bulgarian evangelical paper; published at Philippopolis by the Mission and edited by a Bulgarian committee. Reaches all classes. Subscribers, about 1,800.

WESTERN TURKEY

In tern atio n al College, Sm y rn a. — Organized in 1891. Incorporated in Massachusetts in 1903. Enrolment before the war, some 400 boys and young men, including some 75 Moslems. A faculty of 27, of whom 6 are Americans. One of the best equipments in Turkey. The College at Smyrna has been one of the few able to retain its work nearly on the old basis. The year opened with many applicants for admission. The stu­ dent body, however, was limited to 200 and with a restricted number of boarders. The students were willing to pay the increased rates demanded by the high prices for food and supplies. The interest in the Y.M.C.A. wras active and strong through­ out the year. A one day conference of the Student Volunteers among the boys in the college was held. In the spring the regular Y. M. C. A. conference was unusually successful. The Y. \Y. C. A. of the Collegiate Institute united in the meetings. This was the third conference of its kind and is of great importance in the development of the Christian spirit in both institutes. There was :i Missions in Turkey 89 falling off in the number of Moslem students and the boys were generally younger, the older ■ones having been drafted into the army earlier in the war. A great deal of relief work was carried on among the poor in the city.

American Collegiate Institute, Smyrna. — Total attendance, some 300 girls. Several departments, including high school, intermediate, primary and kindergarten. Before the war the largest number of students were Armenians and the next in number Greeks. Supported by the Woman’s Board of Boston. Faculty includes 3 Americans.

Anatolia College, Marsovan. — Incorporated in Massachusetts in 1894. College and Preparatory Departments. Normal number of students 425, including 200 Greeks, 160 Armenians, 40 Russians, 25 Turks. A large faculty includes 9 Americans. The College has not been in session since the buildings were seized by the Government in May, 1916.

Anatolia Girls’ School, Marsovan. — Supported by the Women’s Board of Boston. Normal enrolment not far from 300. Closely affiliated is the Martha A. King School for the Deaf. Teaching force (exclusive of kindergarten and deaf school), 4 Americans, 11 Armenians, 4 Greeks.

Marsovan Theological Seminary. — Affiliated with Anatolia College. At present the Christian (evangelical) Training School for Asia Minor. A faculty of 5 members. Small enrolment — regular students 5, special 6.

Sivas Teachers’ College. — Ordinarily occupies a unique position for the training of teachers for important positions in the mission and in the government schools. Like Marsovan and Smyrna had good plant before the war. Usual enrolment, all grades, about 500. Has college department, high school, interme­ diate and primary grades. Industrial self-help department. Some agriculture.

Sivas Girls’ High School. — High school, intermediate and primary depart­ ments. Usual enrolment over 400.

Bithynia High School, Bardizag. —■ Before the war enrolment about 400, of which over 114 were boarders in the Favre Home. High School enrolled 165, intermediate department, 231. The majority of students Armenians.

Adabazar Girls’ High School. — Normal attendance 324, of whom 125 are in the high school, 122 in the intermediate department, 27 in the primary, and 50 ip. other grades. The boarders numbered 123 and day pupils 201. The attend­ ance is practically all Armenian. Supported by the Wromen’s Board of Boston.

The American School for Girls, Brousa. — Pupils enrolled under normal conditions over 200, 54 being in the high school department, 42 in the intermediate, 61 in the primary, and 54 in the kindergarten. Supported by the Woman’s Board, of the Pacific. 90 Missions in Turkey

Gedik Pasha School, Constantinople. — The normal enrolment of boys and girls is about 195, distributed among the Greek, Armenian and Moslem religions. The attendance during the past year was well up to previous standards. The Sunday School particularly was large and the interest strong. It has been decided to limit the boarding department to the 25 orphans now in the care of the teachers. It was expected to open the kindergarten in the fall and the other de­ partments later if it seemed wise. There is a call for another teacher wrho can in­ struct in English and also German.

The A m erican School for Boys, T a la s (Cesarea). —: When war broke out the total attendance was 163, of whom 98 were boarders and 65 day pupils, mostly Armenians. There were 9 native teachers besides the missionaries.

Girls’ Boarding School, Talas, (Cesarea). — Total enrolment usually about 162, 146 girls and 16 boys — 52 Gregorians, 108 Protestants and 2 Orthodox. High school, preparatory, intermediate and primary grades.

Trebizond Schools. — Normally attendance about 200, of whom 116 in kinder­ garten and 90 in grammar school. Now in Russian territory.

Medical Work

A natolia H ospital, M arsovan. — Affiliated with Anatolia College. The hospital has a rare reputation, patients often coming from six to eight days’ journey. Best plant in interior Turkey. Staff of 4 physicians, 1 dispenser, 4 nurses. Patients treated ;n hospital, about 1,000. Out patients in dispensary 3,200. Patients include mostly Armenians, Turks and Greeks, but 13 different races all told. Under the military' at present.

A m erican H ospital, T a la s (Cesarea). — Ordinarily force includes 1 foreign and 1 native physician; 1 foreign and 7 native nurses. Beds in hospital 80; in­ patients 808; new patients, each year, about 3,600.

W est M em orial H ospital, Sivas. — Hospital staff ordinarily includes 1 foreign physician, 1 native physician, 1 foreign nurse and 6 native nurses. Beds in hos­ pital 25. Patients come from some 175 different towns and villages. Total number of patients 2,500. Total number of treatments about 6,000. Probably- used at present by the military.

Publications

The Avedaper. — An Armenian paper published in weekly and monthly edi­ tions. The most attractively printed Armenian paper in the Empire. Under efficient Armenian management. There was an encouraging increase in sub­ scriptions until the war conditions interfered writh the mails and returns' fell off. It wras finally decided to discontinue the paper for the time being.

The Orient.— A weekly paper in English edited by Rev. Charles T. Riggs dealing with affairs in Turkey and the Near East. Discontinued after war broke out. Missions in Turkey

CENTRAL TURKEY

C entral Turkey, A intab (for boys). — This college occupies a unique position in its relation to the people, the only institution in Turkey using Turkish as a medium of instruction. Total enrolment (1914) 232, 64 in college and 168 in preparatory department — 218 Armenians, 8 Turks, 6 Syrians — 146 Protestants, 75 Gregorians, 8 Moslems. Assisted by Trustees of Donations for Education in Turkey. Incorporated under laws of Massachusetts in 1874.

Central Turkey Girls’ College, Marash. — Total enrolment 143, including 73 in college and 70 in preparatory department. Boarders 25. Protestants 102, Gregorians 30, Catholics 1. Five Americans on staff. Supported by the Woman’s Board of the Interior. The college has been able to continue its work throughout the year under some restrictions. The enrolment included the girls from the Girls’ Orphanage who were transferred to the college when the orphanage property was taken by the government for military purposes.

Central Turkey Theological Seminary, Marash. — Faculty 4 (2 mission­ aries and 2 Armenian professors) ; 9 students in regular course, 5 in special course. This institution trains for the evangelical ministry in Central Turkey Mission. St. Paul’s College, Tarsus. — Organized 1887. Incorporated same year under laws of state of New York. Separate Board of Trustees. Ten graduates usually preparing for the ministry'. Enrolment (1915) largest recorded — college 118, academy 142, total 260. More Moslems than ever (35) in h:story of school. Nearly 200 Armenians. Of the 13 members of the faculty 4 were Americans. The regular college work was not maintained because all the older students had left for various reasons. Classes were continued for the smaller boys.

Girls’ Seminary, Aintab. — Ordinary enrolment over 200. Students, Arme­ nian. Teaching staff, 2 American and 12 Armenian teachers. Special instruction given in sewing, dressmaking and domestic science. Supported by Woman’s Board of Boston. The school has been closed except for some 30 boarders who have continued their work in a quiet way.

Adana Seminary (for girls). — The teaching staff under normal conditions has included about 14 Armenian and 4 foreign teachers. The total enrolment has been 212 with about 62 in the seminar}- proper, 105 in the intermediate grade, 45 in the primary' with 81 boarders. A large number of pupils were from Gregorian homes. Less than half have been Protestants. During the last school y^ear the work was continued without interruption. The missionaries were swamped with applications for admission from the opening of the school, and many were refused. Full tuition was demanded from all who came as expenses were greatly- increased. The few girls were of several languages, and it was something of a problem to adjust the work to the new demands. There was a graduating class of 1 1 , one of whom was the daughter of the superintendent of instruction for the province, the first Moslem graduate. There were 36 Mos­ lems in the school, mostly daughters of officials. It was not expected to open the Boarding Department the following y^ear because of necessity- for economy. 92 Missions in Turkey

Hadjin School. — The Hadjin Home School for girls and the Boys’ School be­ fore the war had an attendance of nearly 400 in all the grades. The pupils were mostly Armenians. Since the deportation Miss Vaughan is holding a school for Moslem children. v Shat tuck School for the Blind, Oorfa. — Accommodations for about 30, Course included elementary' work in English, Armenian and Turkish Braille. Instruction also given in tent weaving and hammock making, chair-caning, reed mat weaving, knitting and hand sewing.

Industrial Institute, Oorfa. — Includes carpentry and cabinet shop, iron work and machine shop in the Mission compound, and tailor and shoe shops in the city. Nearly 2,000 women ordinarily receive their main support from the making of handkerchiefs. The aim of the orphanage has been to receive such boys as may later become worthy Christian representatives in their own villages and communities.

Medical Work

Azariah Sm ith Memorial Hospital, Ain tab (Medical Department of Central Turkey College). — The staff ordinarily consists of 2 foreign and 3 native physi­ cians, 2 foreign and 7 native nurses and other hospital assistants. There were 149 patients in the hospital, of whom 226 were Armenians and 132 Turks. Out­ patients in the dispensary7 and villages made a total of 6,998. Ordinarily treat­ ments of various kinds total over 40,000. Used by the military authorities at present.

International Hospital, Adana. — Staff consists of 1 foreign and 1 native physician, 2 foreign and 3 native nurses. Thirty-four beds. Before the war some 200 were received in men’s ward each year and 160 in women’s ward; in the clinics 1,600 men, 1,500 women and 300 children treated, of whom 700 were Moslems, 2,200 Armenians, 135 Greeks, 65 Syrians, 300 miscellaneous. Used at present as a military hospital under government authority. The hospital was taken over by the government about a year and a half ago, although Dr. Haas and Miss Davies, the nurse, were left in charge. Miss Davies continued to live at the hospital with the nurses needed to care for the work. The hospital was used largely for prisoners of war, but at present the patients are mostly Turkish officers. Dr. Haas opened a clinic in the mission house and th ere were a large number who payed for the treatment. Later he was obliged to close the clinic which was quite a hardship for the poor, as a hundred or more w ere being treated every day, a large part of them Moslems.

Publications

The Mission press is connected with Central Turkey College and is ordinarily of use in the Self-Help Department, the students receiving financial aid through their assistance in printing and book binding. Besides the regular job work the press usually prints a monthly religious paper in Armeno-Turkish, called The A r« Life. The usual number of pages printed exceeds 700,000. Missions in Turkey 93

EASTERN TURKEY

Euphrates College, Harpoot. — Incorporated in Massachusetts and under separate Board of Trustees. Total registration in all departments usually over 600. Men's department, total students 300; in the college 114, in the prepara­ tory department 135, lower grades 51. The boarders were 127, and day pupils 173. The students were practically all Armenians, 169 being Gregorians and 123 Protestants. Faculty numbers 23. Armenian was the common language of the institution. In the women’s department all grades were maintained from the kin­ dergarten up to the college. As the men’s college was not in session about 70 boys were taken into the girls' school. It was necessary to conduct 3 kindergartens be­ cause of the large number of small children. Most of the pupils were from other places than Harpoot and some were received from the ranks of the refugees who passed through the place. Fortunately nearly all of the women teachers were saved from the deportation. Thus it was possible to carry on almost all of the classes although some of the grades had to be modified.

Theological Seminary, Harpoot. — Affiliated with Euphrates College. This is really a special class for theological study, aiming to prepare representatives from the several stations of the Mission for the work of the ministry and other lines of Christian service. Usual attendance 10. Euphrates College faculty supplies teachers.

Van College. — Before Van was razed the enrolment consisted of 5 regular students and 10 specials. Boys’ Boarding School enrolment of 60 in the high school department; 7 on faculty. The attendance in the boys’ school, exclusive of the college, 548.

Girls’ High and Boarding School, Van. — The enrolment in the Garden School was 470 with an addition of 86 children in the kindergarten. The standard of the high school had been raised and the courses made more practical. Moslem kindergarten opened with 30 children enrolled.

Girls’ High and Boarding School, Erzroom (Russia). — Attendance under normal conditions about 180, including kindergarten of 40 boys and girls. Hith­ erto an Armenian School.

Boys’ High and Boarding School, Erzroom. — Enrolment in high school 23. Three grades, high school, intermediate and primary. Armenian boys mostly.

George C. Knapp Academy, Bitlis (high and boys’ boarding school).—Usual enrolment about 130, including the high school and the 7 lower grades. The Gre­ gorians were in preponderance,although there were about 30 pupils from Protes­ tant homes.

Mt. Holyoke School, Bitlis (girls’ boarding school). — High school grade with several lower grades, 11 in all. Attendance consists of Protestants, Gre­ gorians,Roman Catholics, and Jacobites, making 101, of whom 41 were boarders. 94 Missions in Turkey

All household work done by the girls. The school has always been a sort of Christian Home.

Boys’ High School, Mardin. — Only American Board center where Syrian language is used. Ordinarily three Americans constitute the teaching force, assisted by 3 native teachers. Total enrolment 108. There were 10 Moslem boys.

Girls’ High School, Mardin. — There was an enrolment of 45 in the high school and 15 in the preparatory school. Practical demonstration in the care of children and in household matters has proved of great value to the girls and won the interest of the Moslem mothers. The city day schools included nearly 400 children.

Medical Work

Annie Tracy Riggs Memorial Hospital, Harpoot. — The staff consists of 2 foreign physicians, 2 foreign and 7 native nurses. Ordinarily there are between 400 and 500 in-patients in the hospital and the operations have been nearly 300 yearly. There are 3 dispensaries connected with the hospital and the total treat­ ments given every year are over 26,000. A nurses' training class is also conducted under ordinary circumstances. Probably now used by the military.

American Hospital, Van. — Normally 260 in-patients; 156 operations. The out-patients coming to the hospital were 125, receiving 1,679 treatments. At the dispensary 872 new patients came for treatment and 792 were visited in their homes.

Hospital and Dispensary, Mardin. — Important work for Syrians and other peoples of great Mesopotamia. One American doctor and 1 American nurse form usual staff. Surgical operations usually 75 or 100.

Hospital and Dispensary, Erzroom. — Dispensary treatments annually about 800. Major operations begun just as war broke out. Two American physicians.

Hospital and Dispensary, Diarbekir. — Founded and supported by funds left the Board by a former Armenian convert of the Mission. Staff, 1 American physician. Some 8,000 treatments. Small equipment as yet. Missions in Turkey 95

TABLE OF STATISTICS FOR 1916*

Western Central Eastern Balkans T urkey Turkey Turkey Total i

Population of field . .. 9,800,000 11,039,150 1,586,000 5,150,000 27,575,150 Number of stations . . . 5 6 4 5 20 Outstations...... 50 100 60 95 305

Missionaries, total 33 74 33 39 179 Ordained...... 13 16 7 11 47 Physicians and others 7 1 1 9 W ives...... 13 23 8 9 53 Single women...... 7 28 17 18 70 Special service 4 14 12 5 35

Native laborers, total 95 451 403 350 1,299 Ordained preachers. . 20 38 17 27 102 Unordained preachers 11 36 27 34 108 T e ach e rs...... 44 324 291 238 897 Bible w om en...... 17 41 32 90 Other helpers 20 36 27 19 102

Congregations...... 61 124 67 81 333 Organized churches. 26 49 37 51 163 Communicants...... 1,457 4,147 6,664 3,080 15,348 Added, 1915 ...... 25 123 140 172 460 Adherents ...... 4,340 14,448 22,701 13,751 55,240 Sunday Schools .... 61 121 77 72 331 S. S. Membership 2,839 9,694 13,851 6,141 32,525

Schools, t o ta l...... 24 145 150 131 450 Theological School 1 1 1 1 4 Students in Theol. 4 5 7 10 26 C olleges...... 1 3 3 2 9 Students ...... 78 827 486 435 1,826 Secondary- or Mid- . die Schools ...... 4 12 18 16 50 Students 256 2,106 1,434 550 4,346 Other schools...... 18 129 128 112 387 Students ...... 439 6,273 6,344 6,744 19,800 Total students 777 9,477, 8,273 7,384 25,911

Hospitals i| 3 2 4 9 Dispensaries ...... 3 2 5 10 Patients ...... 11,368 11,041 17,094 39,503 Treatm ents...... 33,801 61,658 38,898 134,357

■\ ative contributions . .. $4,500 §125,670 $50,336 816,121 $196,627

•These statistics are those for 1914 before the war. Missions in India and Ceylon

Stations : Locations and Special Work of Missionaries

MARATHI MISSION

Bom bay (1813). — Miss Anna L. Millard: In charge of Blind School and day schools for Hindus and Bible-women. Miss Emily R. Bissell: Evangelistic, literary and educational work in Vernacular School. Mrs. Eleanor Stephenson Picken, M. D .: Teacher in High School and medical work. Miss L. Lillian Picken: Language study; in charge of Marathi department of High School.

Ahmednagar (1831). — Robert A. Hume, D. D., ordained: Principal and Dean of the Theological Seminary; in charge of district work. Mrs. Kate F. Hume: Oversight of Bible-women; teaching in Girls’ School. Henry Fairbank, ordained: Principal of Boys’ High School and Union Training School; in charge evangelistic work of Kolgaon District. Mrs. Mary E. Fairbank: Associate in educational work in High School. M iss Ruth P Hume, M. D.: Physician in charge of Women’s Hospital; general medical work for women and children. M iss Eliza­ beth, Johnson: Nurse in hospital; in charge of nurses’ training class. M iss Ger­ trude Harris: Principal of Bible Training School for Women. Miss M. Clara Proctor, M. D .: Associate physician in Women’s Hospital; general medical work for women and children. Miss Carolyn D. Smiley: Language study; as­ sistant in the Girls’ School. Charles H. Burr: Industrial-principal of Boys’ High School and Sir D. M. Petit School. Mrs. Annie H. Burr: Associate in care of Harris Hall dormitory. Miss Clata H. Bruce: Principal of Girls’ Boarding School; in joint charge of Day Schools.

Siru r (1841). — Arthur A. McBride, ordained; In charge of station educational and evangelistic work; Mission Treasurer. Mrs. Elizabeth V. McBride: Asso­ ciate in school work and work for women.

S a ta ra (1849). — Mrs. Hannah Hume Lee: In charge of Girls’ Station School and woman’s work of the station and district. William Hazen, ordained: In charge of Boys’ School; evangelistic work in city and district; Mission Secretary. Mrs. Florence H. Hazen: Educational work; work for women.

Vadala (1857).— Edward W. Felt, ordained: In charge of station work and Boarding School. Mrs. Rachel C. Felt: Associate in educational work and work for women.

R ah u ri (1860). — William 0. Ballantine, M. D., ordained: Evangelistic, medical and general work of the station and district. Mrs. JosephineL. Ballan- Hne: Work for women. Missions in India and Ceylon 97

Sholapur (1862).—Lorin S. Cates, ordained: In charge of general work of 5holapur station and district. Mrs. Frances H. Gates: Work for women and lepers. L . Henry Gates, ordained: Language study; in charge of Boys’ School a n d criminal tribes work. Mrs. Katherine V. Gates-, Language study; work for women. M iss Esther B . Fowler: Principal of Woronoco Girls’ Boarding School; city work. Miss Maiy B. Harding: In charge of Kindergarten Training School. Miss Carolyn A. Welles: Language study and kindergarten work. P an ch gan i (1879). — Mrs. Hepzibeth P. Bruce: General work for women.

Wai (1892).— Lester H. Beals, M D .: In charge of Wadia Hospital; general medical work. Mrs. Rose F. Beals, M.D.: Associate physician in hospital; medical work for women and children. Mrs. Minnie L. Sibley: In charge of Abbott Widow’s Home, Orphanage, and general work for women. Miss Jean P. Gordon: In charge of boarding and day schools in Wai and village schools in the districts. Barsi (1913). — Richard S. Rose, ordained: General station and district evangelistic work. Mrs. IsabelleB. Rose: Work for women and children.

On Furlough.— Edward Fairbank, ordained: Mrs. Maty C. Fairbank; David C. Churchill-, Mrs. Eleanor F. Churchill-, Alden H. Clark, ordained; Mrs. Mary IJ\ Clark; Miss M . Louise Wheeler; Miss Belle Nugent-, Miss Ella C. Hoxie.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment. — (Ahmednagar) Mr. Emil Lindstrom: Instructor in Boys’ High School. Mrs. Edith H. Smith: Associate in work of Girls’ School; in charge of industrial work. (Bombay) Mr. William S. Picken: Principal of Boys' High School. James F. Edwards, ordained: General station evangelistic work; in charge of Clarke-Abbott Home and School. Mrs. Lydia C. Edwards: Work for women; associate in Clarke-Abbott Home. Mr. and Mrs. Henry H. Strutton, ordained: In charge of Criminal Tribes Settle­ ment, Sholapur. Miss Johnson, having recovered her health, returned to Ahmednagar about the middle of the year. It is expected that Miss Nugent will start for the field soon to take Miss Gordon’s place, who will be leaving for her furlough. Because of health problems, Mrs. Edward Fairbank came to America in April and Mr. Fairbank followed in September. Miss Hoxie for family reasons was compelled to return to this country after only' two y-ears in India. Mr. and Airs. Clark are starting for their furlough early in 1918, not planning to return to the Mission for a considerable interval. Four new appointees have been secured: Mr. John M. Dinsmore and ReA'. and Mrs. Ernest E. Morrill are detained but hope to *ail within a yrear; Miss Carolyn A. Welles who is located at Sholapur.

MADURA MISSION Central Circle (Madura, Pasumalai and Tirumangalam West) Residing in Madura. — William M. Zumbro, ordained: President of Ameri­ can College, Madura. Airs. Harriet S. Zumbro. Edgar M. Flint: Professor of 98 Missions in India and Ceylon

chemistry and physics in American College. Mrs. Susanna Q. Flint: Instructor in American College. Albert J . Saunders, ordained: Professor of history' in American College. Mrs. Jessie M. Saunders: Teacher in Capron Hall School. Harold Cooper, ordained: Station evangelistic work. Mrs. Harriet S. Coopei: Work for women. Edward L. Nolting, ordained: Language study and educa­ tional work. Mrs. Eda W. Nolting: Language study. Miss Eva M. Swift: Principal of Lucy Perry Noble Bible School; in charge of City Bible women. Miss Mary T. Noyes: Principal of Girls’ .High School and Normal Training School, Capron Hall. Frank Van Allen, M. D., ordained: In charge of Albert Victor Hospital. L. Curtis Guise: Language study; teacher in American College. Mrs. Nettie B. Guise: Language study. Emmons E. White, ordained; Mrs. Ruth P. White: Language study. Miss HarnetE. Parker, M. D.: In charge of Wom­ an’s Hospital; general medical work for women and children. Miss Katie Wil­ cox: Language study: teacher in Capron Hall School. Miss Gertrude E. Chand­ ler: Kindergartner in Capron Hall School. Miss Mary Root: Charge of Village Bible-women.

Residing in Pasumalai. — John X. Miller, ordained: Principal of Pasumala High School and Normal Training Institution. Mrs. Margaret Y. Miller: Teacher in High School and manager of boarding department. John J . Banmnga, D. D., ordained: Principal of Union Theological Seminary; Chairman of Central Circle. Mrs. Mary D. Banninga: Work for students and women. James H. Lawson. Superintendent of Manual Training Institute; manager of Lenox Press; Mission Treasurer. Mrs. FrancesE. Lawson: Educational work; work for women. Lloyd L. Lorbeer'. Principal of Normal Training School. Mrs. Elva II. Lorbeer: Educa­ tional work. Miss Bertha K . Smith: Language study. Residing in Tirumangalam. — Residing in Bangalore. — Residing in Gudalur. — Edward P. Holton, ordained: Temporarily in charge of Kallar Voluntary Settlement.

North Circle (Dindigul and Palani) Residing in Dindigul. — Willis P. Elwood, ordained: Chairman of North Circle Committee. Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood: Supervision of station schools; work for women. Residing in Palani.— Azel A. Martin, ordained: Language study; district evangelistic wrork. Mrs. Emma W. Martin: Language study.

South Circle (Aruppukottai, Tirumangalam East and Kamulhi) Residing in Aruppukottai. — Franklin E. Jeffery, ordained: Chairman ol South Circle work. Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery: Oversight of Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Catherine S. Quiekenden: In charge of Hindu Girls’ School in Aruppukottai; oversight of village Bible-women in Madura. Missions in India and Ceylon 99

West Circle

(Kodaikanal, Periakulam and Battalagundu) Residing at Kodaikanal.— James E. Tracy, D. D., ordained: Chairman of West Circle. Mrs. Fanny S. Tracy. Work for women.

Residing in Battalagundu. — Burleigh V. Mathews, ordained: General station and district work. Mrs. Pearl C. Mathews: In charge of boarding school.

East Circle

(Manamadura and Melur) Residing in Manamadura. — C. Stanley Vaughan, ordained: Chairman of East and South Circle Committee and Madura Church Council; .Mission Secre­ tary. Mrs. M. Ella Vaughan-. In charge of Boarding School, Hindu Girls’ Schools and Bible-women. Mrs. Johanna M. Powers: In charge of village school work.

M adras. — John S. Chandler, ordained: In charge of revision of Tamil diction­ ary. Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler. Miss Edith M. Coon: Teacher in Union Wo­ man’s College.

On furlough. — William W. Wallace, ordained ; Mrs. Genevieve T. Wallace-, Mrs. Gertrude M. Holton-, M iss Katharine B. Scott, M. D.\ David S. Herrick, ordained; Mrs. Dency T. M. Hetrick.

Associated with the Mission, not under appointment. •— (Kodaikanal) Miss Alice J . Powers, teacher in Highclerc School. (Madura) Miss M. Pauline Jeffrey, teacher in Capron Hall School.

Of those on furlough last year Mr. and Mrs. Banninga, Mr. and Mrs. Jeffery, Mr. and Airs. Alathews and Miss Powers have returned to India. Before he left Mr. Banninga received the degree of Doctor of Divinity' from his alma mater, Hope College, 1917. Mr. and Airs. Wallace have come home for their furlough and have resigned from the mission. Air. and Mrs. Herrick are taking an early iurlough for health reasons and he has joined the faculty of the Kennedy School of Missions in Hartford. Dr. Katharine Scott has not sufficiently recovered her health to return to the field. Aliss Heath has resigned her work in Aladura to go into army duty and Aliss Alary M. Rogers has been appointed nurse in her place and is ready to sail before the fall of 1918. The other new appointees are Rev. and Airs. Emmons E. White and Miss Bertha K. Smith, all of whom ■have reached the field and have begun their language study. Air. and Airs. Cooper and Mr. and Airs. Nolting have completed the first stages of language work, are transferred to Madura City and Mr. and Airs. Lorbeer have taken up their regular work at Pasumalai. Airs. Powers has been adopted by the Woman’s Board of Missions, Boston, and is located at Manamadura for village work. IOO Missions, in India and Ceylon

CEYLON MISSION

Vaddukoddai (1817). — John Bicknell, ordained: President of Jaffna College Mrs. Nellie L. Bicknell'. Work for women.

M anepay (1831). — Arthur A. Ward: In charge of general work of Manepay and Vaddukoddai stations. Mrs. AliceB. Ward: Work for women.

Uduvil (1831). — Giles G. Brown, ordained: General evangelistic work among the churches. Mrs. Clara P. Brown: Station and educational work. Miss Minnie K. Hastings: Teaching in Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Lucy K . Clark: Language study; teaching in Girls’ Boarding School.

Inuvil (-----). — M iss Isabella H. Curr, M. D .: Physician in charge of McLeod Hospital for Women and Children. Miss Susan R. Howland: In charge of evangelistic work for women in the Mission. Miss Elizabeth I. Hansen, R. N .: Superintendent of nurses, McLeod Hospital.

Tellippallai (1831). — Charles W. Miller: In charge of station; principal of Training School for Men; superintendent of Mission Press. Mrs. Edith C Miller: In charge of Bible-women of the station.

Uduppiddi (1847). — (Valvettiturai). — William E. Hitchcock: General work of the station; Mission Secretary and Treasurer. M iss Hattie H. Hitchcock: In charge of district Bible-wromen and Girls’ School.

On furlough.— James H. Dickson, ordained; Mrs. Frances Dickson; Miss Lulu G. Bookwalter.

Associated with the Mission, not under appointment. — (Uduvil) Miss Anna Hoffman, teacher in Girls’ School.

There is only one missionary on furlough, Miss Bookwalter, but Mr. and Mrs. Dickson are expecting to leave for their regular furlough in March, 1918. Mr. and Mrs. Brown have returned to the Mission and for the present are located at L'duvil. Xo new missionaries appointed during the year. Missions in India and Ceylon 101

MISSIONS TO INDIA AND CEYLON India’s National Life

India is athrob with national ambition. Her ignorant masses are not much stirred, but her educated men, the student and the official classes of her people, are keen for a larger measure of self rule. The best and most representative of them do not desire to have Britain withdraw from India; they realize that would mean dis­ aster; they wish to be a part of the British Empire as is Canada or Australia; but they wish a far larger share in the administration of government, the opportunity of advancement to higher posts in the civil and military service, and such revision of policies as shall recognize India’s right to home rule and as shall prepare the way therefor. The war is helping to forward this movement. The loyalty of Indian princes and of Indian troops, and the service they have ren­ dered Britain at this critical juncture have won them new confidence and regard. The minister for India has announced in Parliament that higher and more responsible offices are to be opened to Indian subjects; that they are to have fuller representation and a freer hand in the management of Indian affairs. He has himself gone to India, in the midst of these absorbing war times, to counsel and to devise plans for promoting India’s share in her own government. Already higher posts in the military service have been opened to Indian officers and several such have received these commissions. The favorable attitude of the British government toward this movement for a national political life in India has tended to allay the irritated unrest which has heretofore cast an occasional shadow over the land and has perceptibly reduced the voices of sedition. Instead of a revolutionary outbreak which certain wild agitators have been wont to advise, it has come to be felt that the slower but steady advance of loyal Indians into places of responsibility and influence, is the better way by which India can secure her rightful voice in her own development. It is hoped that the visit of the Brit­ ish Minister for India will result in some wise and welcomed measures which will assure India that her nationality is to be magnified while at the same time she is to become a devoted and integral part of the British Empire. From the missionary point of view the hope is being cherished that with all this claiming of political rights, and the io2 Missions in India and Ceylon * emphasis upon the privilege of self-development and self-rule, there may come some declaration of individual liberty, some loosening of the shackles of caste and all the tyrannies of custom and tradition that have delayed the progress of Christianity in the land.

The Indian Church Faces New Responsibilities It is significant that at this time when new and larger political opportunities are being devised for Indian men, the Indian church and its leaders also should have put upon them increased responsibilities. That is the report from both the Madura and the Mara­ thi missions of the American Board. In the former mission was organized in 1916 the Madura Church Council, having a mem­ bership of about eighty, comprised of all the Indian and foreign ministers and a large number of laymen. Its field of operation includes a population of two and a half m illions, where there are thirty-four Churches, with Christians in over 600 vil­ lages, with 10,000 scholars in the schools, with 600 agents and a budget of expense amounting to over 100,000 rupees ($33,000). All the oversight of Christian work of these churches, of district evangelism and of the 250 village schools, is in the hands of this Council wherein foreigner and native meet on equal terms and share responsibilities. According to his ability and his office the native Christian is thus being brought into relationship of influence and administration. The Marathi Mission reports the grow­ ing importance of the General “Ayika” or A Village Leader conference, which is a council of advice and guidance for all the churches of the mission area and to which are referred questions affecting all the churches. The mission also has developed joint sessions at its semi-annual meetings in which Indian delegates participate. Each year new responsibilities are added to this conference, which gives to the Indian opportunity to share in the administrative and legislative functions of the church. The prob- Missions in India and Ceylon 103 leni of still further enlarging these joint sessions so as to open to the representatives of the native church all lines of mission activity and concern is one of the urgent questions of the present hour. The organizing of the churches and their pastors and leaders and die encouraging them to bear responsibility and to plan their own life and development are producing gratifying results. A descrip- lion by Mr. Clark of Ahmednagar of a meeting of one of the district ■ Ayika” which had been formed only three years, reveals a vigor, devotion and esprit du corps that are remarkable. The churches were rallying to the support of their work, were giving loyally out of their deep poverty, doubling the amount with which they began, and rais­ ing the number of pastors they support from three to four. The villagers have vital interest and voice in all things, engage directly in the work of evangelizing, and have brought a half dozen new vil­ lages to the point of seeking Christian enrollment. To the Aikya meeting bands of delegates came over the roads, singing Christian hymns. Each band was met by the Christians of the place where the meeting was held and all came back together singing and playing on instruments and swaying their bodies in time to the music. “The whole meeting gave the clear impression that Christianity had here found joyful expression of a truly Indian type.” The Vadala district has adopted a system of Circle Pastors, putting thè best men in charge of a half dozen circles of from ten to fifteen villages each and entrusting to these men the oversight and development of these fields. As a result the churches have been strengthened and their evangelistic efforts increased ; the system has almost solved the problem of the independence of the churches. Church contributions have notably increased. Of the sixty-five organized churches of the Marathi Mission ten are self-supporting. Forty-four ordained pastors are ministering to these churches. The need is becoming increasingly urgent for able and highly trained Church leaders to guide these growing churches and to meet the multiplying numbers of persons and places that are turning toward Christianity. A harvest awaits the capable and devoted laborer. From the Christian colleges and training schools of India and from the Company of those Indian Christian youth studying in America it is eagerly hoped that reenforcements may be secured. But the pull is strong for such educated men, away from church work. To the question why after all these years there should not be an ample supply of workers and leaders trained 104 Missions in India and Ceylon and ready, the missionaries point to the contrast between the static of the mission agent and the government agent. The mission agent must work for large part among the “depressed classes;” thev are classed with those they teach, receive but meager salaries, haw but meager mental outlook, and in old age there is nothing to look forward to; while the government agent can stand with those of higher social status, is given the respect due a government official, receives a competence, is able to get reading matter and to have friendships with well read people and after a number of years of work may receive a comfortable pension for faithful service. The Christian worker in India as in America must accept sacrifice as the lot of his life. If American youth ninety-nine times out of a hundred choose the secular calling, shall we severely blame Indian youth if they do the same? Systematic Evangelism The year 1916 was marked by the introduction in both the India missions of a new plan of direct evangelism. A gift of $10,000 by a New England manufacturer who is particularly interested in this

The Twenty-five Pastora of Madura Missions in India and Ceylon 105 department of foreign mission work prompted a scheme for putting i;ity new evangelists in fifty new villages in India. The sum was divided equally between the two missions, each of which devised iis own plan of action. The Madura mission reports that it was easy to find twenty-five new villages where the gospel had not been preached; the problem was to lay hands on twenty-five suitably trained men to undertake the work. A strong committee of Indian pastors and missionaries set themselves to the task; villages and evangelists were selected and from November 14th to 17th, 1916 an "inauguration meeting” was held at Tirumangalam where under competent leadership in­ struction and inspiration were given the men who were to enter upon these new duties. Some of the evangelists walked from thirty to forty miles along India’s dusty roads to attend the meetings; the church became one great bedroom, each man having brought his own mat and sheet for a bed. There they prayed by day and slept by night, food being served in a tent near by at the price of twelve cents per day. Each man is now working in his own village. It is too soon to speak of results. The villages chosen were those where there seemed to be a prospect of immediate fruit and where the church could not begin work because of lack of funds. One value of the undertaking is its exalting of the idea of direct evangelism apart from institutional work; for when the plan was proposed it was found that many of the workers including some pastors had come to feel that without a school to occupy the major part of his time, a man could not keep busy. The Marathi Mission reports a similar experience. Its problem also was to find the competent men. Some of the best men working in older centers were so interested in the advance movement that they volunteered for it and their constituencies cheerfully released them, taking in their places new and untried men. A preparatory conference was held at Ahmednagar, with every worker present; there was the same close comradeship by day and night as in the case of the Madura meeting; and the same careful instruction. The men made a fine impression; almost all men of experience in mission work, a half of them under thirty years of age; the majority had received full normal training; three were graduates of the theological semi­ nary. Two were of Brahman origin, two from upper middle classes; four came from and minister to the very low, outcaste class of M angs; the rest were from the Mahar quarters, though many of them were Missions in India and Ceylon born Christians. Work was begun as fast as a village was ready for occupation. Some of these evangelists were started earlier than others. One of them while waiting for his chosen village got hold of a community near Ahmednagar from which the holy man and a group of thirteen others were early candidates for baptism, with more to follow. Besides this special and novel line of outreaching effort, evan­ gelism was promoted in both the missions through established agen­ cies. In the Madura field a “ rural campaign” was conducted by a committee of the Madura Church council. Six centres were chosen; local committees organized, executive secretaries guided the work of

"These Be Their Gods." preparation which was careful and prolonged through seven months. The average church member at these centres was led to assume per­ sonal responsibility and to do personal work. The intensive meet­ ings u'ere held in November, with two gifted and trained preachers, one from Madras, the other from Bangalore in charge. Of these meetings Mr. Vaughan says: “I do not suppose that ever before in the history of the mission has there been such an impressive series io which all those who took part in any appreciable way were In­ dians.” Audiences were large and attentive. Hindus and Mo­ hammedans listened quietly and intently to earnest presentations of the Lord’s call to them. Some instances of conversions are very striking and made a deep impression. Hindus were amazed at the Missions in India and Ceylon 107

earnestness of the Christian fellow-townsmen. Tabulated reports show a hundred conversions and four hundred inquirers; but such figures do not represent the success of the undertakings. The cam­ paign in M adura city was chiefly valuable for its effect on the church and the deepening life of its members. A "Week of Evangelism” observed in the Madura mission in 1916 as in 1915 was another effort to press upon the church its obligation to propagate itself and to make of its members individual witnesses for the gospel. The figures of this week’s accomplishment show 1,523 villages visited, 3,758 meetings held, 101,378 people addressed, 250 new villages gained, with nearly 2,000 inquirers and 500 con­ versions. In the Marathi mission also there has been increasing emphasis on evangelism and under native leadership. Three districts which have been given over to the supervision of Indian committees report quickened interest. In some cases the teacher is said to be more useful than the pastor or preacher. In their spare time they go to nearby vil­ lages and preach Christ and every night hold services for all who will come, teaching them Christian hymns, which are afterward sung by those working in the fields. The value of these Bhajans or devotional hymns used at singing services at the close of the day, accompanied by simple Indian musical instru­ ments with clapping of hands and swaying of bodies, is very great. Christian in­ formation and religious emo­ An Indian Holy Man tion are thus happily blended. Reading sacred writings from ola. a book made of strips of palm leaf Mr. McBride, of Sirur, writing of village evangelistic work in that district mentions a number off significant events that had just occurred; a village communion service held out of doors, because of the epidemic of plague, under a tree in a field be­ io8 Missions in India and Ceylon

longing to one of the Christians, which was yet unsurpassed in power and impressiveness; the recent coming of a man saying, “ I do not need anything; I have fields and cattle, and I do not ask for help or money. But I want to be baptized. I want to be a Christian.” Two other men in his village, just opened, were waiting for bap­ tism; in one school thirty-five Mohammedan upper caste and low caste Hindus were under the instruction of a faithful Christian teacher, aided voluntarily, without additional pay, by his wife; Christian Endeavor societies were taking on new life and planning to make week-end visits in some of the villages to help the preach­ ers in Sunday services. An event of rejoicing for the year at Wai, and a mile stone of progress in its Christian history was the completion of a new church building. From the beginning of work in Wai services have been in the small and inconvenient school house. The new building to which many of the Christians of the district have contributed has stirred wide interest, some of the Hindus exclaiming that the Chris­ tians were building themselves a temple; one boy seeing the chancel asked if that was where the idol was to be placed. In this holy city, after Benares the holiest in all India, it means much that the Christian community is able to erect its house of spiritual worship amid the multitude of gross and defiling temples that cluster abou t its sacred river.

Criminal Tribes Settlements Work for the criminal tribes which nas been for some time a sub­ ject of deep concern and prolonged negotiation in both missions, in particular because of proposals from the Indian government to en­ trust such work to their care, has at last been definitely begun. These robber castes are an interesting people; alert, resourceful, capable, of average personal morality, with good stuff in them for the making of citizens and Christians as the missions have found in individual cases for many years. But as they are, they have made a difficult problem for the government. Vagrant, unreliable, a mern.ce to society, disturbers of the peace and safety of communities, they have defied the efforts of police and courts to tame them into an orderly and law abiding people. Government now seeks to turn over their supervision and moral discipline to missionary agencies. In the Marathi mission a settlement has been established at Shol- apur under the care of Mr. and Mrs. H. H. Strutton, a missionary Missions in India and Ceylon 109 and his wife, who have become associated with the mission for this purpose. About 2,000 men, women and children gathered from a wide region have been located here on land and in quarters provided oy Government. Already plans are made for a second settlement of about the same number. The adults are employed in the big mills of Sholapur, which are under Indian management and owner­ ship. The managers of these mills are eager to get these capable workmen. The children are compelled to attend the schools super­ vised by the missionaries and in general the mental, moral and religious culture of these people is in mis­ sionary hands. Here, also, it is too early to speak of results, but the workers and the mission committee having oversight are tre­ mendously interested in their opportunity. They have ample chance to show the transforming power of C h r is tia n influence. At another station in the M ar­ athi mission, Barsi, there is a small settlement of Inspecting Candidates another brand of the Crim­ inal tribes whose children come to the mission school. "The little rag-a-muffin Phashipardhi kiddies take the cake! There are fifty’ of them and out of the fifty pairs of snappy brown eyes, eighteen of them belong to girls. To turn these children from criminal things to lives of usefulness and joy is a task.” In the Madura mission the robber people are of other castes, notably Kuruars and Kallars. Work was begun among the for­ mer by the Rev. F. E. Jeffery, of Aruppukottai so long ago as 1914. The chief of these highway robbers and housebreakers became a Christian and brought a dozen of his people to the mission station n o Missions in India and Ceylon

where they signed and sealed with thumb impression a pledge to abstain from every form of theft and to lead clean Christian lives. At about the same time, Rev. J. J. Banninga was touching the Kal- lars near Tirumangalam. They begged for teachers, promising from village after village that they would become Christians, if only some one would teach them the way. In this mission too negotia­ tions have been going on for some time with the government. Exi­ gencies of the war have delayed action on the part of the latter. But land has been selected some seventy miles from Madura, where soil and climate are favorable for agriculture and a settlement has been started with Rev. Edward P. Holton in temporary charge. A spe­ cially trained superintendent for this work is called for and has been authorized by the American Board. First impressions, ac­ cording to Mr. Holton, indicate a fine chance for an important piece of constructive character building.

Village and Boarding Schools

“ Preaching and teaching must go hand in hand; they are but diff­ erent phases of the same work and one without the other simply means lack of development and growing strength.” That is the missionaries’ judgment, which their reports confirm. At the bottom of the list of educational missions are the village schools; at the bottom in this sense also, that they are the foundation of all the rest. First access to the children and their homes is generally secured by them, and from their pupils are drawn the students who go up through higher institutions to become leaders of their people. And these village schools are among the strongest evangelistic agencies. The daily influence not only of the instruction but of the example of the Christian teacher and his wife are of immense drawing power. And their influence extends beyond the school to the comm unit} at large. In one village of the Marathi mission last year where a school had been established only fourteen months before, there were over a hundred baptisms. In the village schools of the Madura mission only one out of seven of the children are from Christian homes; the rest are Hindus and Mohammedans. The need of larger provision for Christian children is sorely felt. The burden of the war rests on these schools. Increased cost of living and of books leads to the taking of pupils from them that they may earn their mite in the struggle for existence. School fees fall off; attendance de­ Missions in India and Ceylon h i clines. Government grants, in part based upon numbers, are cut; the schools suffer heavy loss Between the village schools and the higher educational institu­ tions are the station or circle boarding schools. They are both for boys and girls and bring in under the direct and continuous influence of the missionaries selected pupils or such as have no school privileges in their villages. The proportion of Christian pupils in these schools is overwhelming; in the five boarding schools of the Madura mission it is ten to one. At Vadala in the Marathi mission an innovation has been started in a boarding department for pupils of caste who would not eat with the Christians. They play, recite and mingle with them in other ways, only preserving their caste rules as to eat­ ing. Little by little they are learning to see the absurdity of caste restrictions. The Woronoco Girls’ School at Sholapur has a Re­ union Day, when former pupils return with their families. The program for 1916 was specially attractive as it was the twenty-fifth anniversary of the founding of the school.

Higher Education Both these missions have developed substantial and effective in­ stitutions of higher learning and of training. In the Marathi field the Kindergarten Training School was com­ pelled to close temporarily m 1916 because of the sickness and ab­ sence of missionaries in charge. The interruption of its work has emphazised its value and the need of its reopening is keenly felt. The Deccan Institute, the unique high grade technical school at Ahmednagar has also been temporarily affected in its work by the furlough of its head, Mr. D. C. Churchill. Rearrangements have made possible the continuance of its vocational training and have linked it under one acting superintendent with the Sir D. M. Petit School of Industrial Arts. The emphasis which this station has put upon a broader and a more practical education than literary studies alone afford is thus being maintained. Boys trained in carpentry in the Petit School are getting good positions in important establish­ ments. The High Schools and Anglo-Vernacular Schools are reach­ ing altogether a host of older boys and girls. They represent the tremendous desire for an English education, which indeed cannot be offered wholesale to all comers, but is the prize which draws pupils and leads them on. The Bombay High School has had a testing year through sickness of the one in charge and the pressure of ques­ 112 Missions in India and Ceylon

tions as to possible removal and readjustment. At last it has been decided to make it more of a commercial school, for which there is a great demand in Bombay, and brightening prospects gladden the hearts of its friends and supporters. The Union Training School and the Theological Seminary at Ahmednagar are the indispensable sources of the teachers and preachers who are the backbone of educational and evangelistic work. Both these institutions have a wider influence than simply serving the Marathi Mission, important as that work is. Their graduates go out to work in other missions and associations. The Training School is the only institution of its kind in all that part of India and is doing an immeasurable service in turning oat qualified and Christian teachers for the village schools and for those of higher grade. The Seminary was encouraged during 1916 by the coming to it of a student from the United Free Church and another from the National Missionary Society. The deepened interest now being taken in aggressive evangelism reenforces the call for more trained preachers and evangelists, and has led to plans for the enlargement of the Seminary’s work, the effort to increase its number of students and to strengthen its teaching staff. Dr. R. A. Hume, who has carried the work in his heart for many years,'ever since its beginning in 1878, is actively leading in this magnifying of the Theological Seminary. The Higher Educational work of the Madura mission is full and flourishing. Capron Hall School (for girls) voices the characteristic note of cheer: “The enrolment in even,7 department this year has been larger than ever before, notwithstanding the fact that quite a number have been refused admission because of lack of room. 'VMiile about 95 per cent are Christians, the school is attracting more wealthy Hindus than formerly, there being six in the Secondary school, and a number in the Elementary school who come from the other side of the city in carriages or automobiles. There are about eighty-four from other Missions paying full expenses. We have been obliged to open two divisions of the first Form and also of the second standard, and kindergarten class, necessitating the employment of three additional teachers.” The High and Training School at Pasumalai also reports a gain in enrolment of forty-six. It has practically reached the limit of its capacity and has had to refuse applicants. In the public exam­ Missions in India and Ceylon 113 inations held by Government the School made the best record in its history and far above the average in the Madras Presidency. The religious life of the school is warm and vigorous, due in good part to the work of the Y. M. C. A. “For the first time in the history of the Society and without the aid of teachers to guide and direct, twenty- eight of our young men went out for seven days,and at their own ex­ pense carried on evangelistic work, preaching the gospel in thirty villages to about 3,000 hearers. Of the thirty-six who have joined our Church in Pasumalai eight came from Hinduism. Several of our boys have also joined the Church in their own villages.’’

On the Drill Ground of the Normal School at Pasumalai

An item of interest is the part this school has taken in war benevo­ lences; it contributed generously to the relief of sufferers in Belgium and Serbia and for the siupport of the Hospital ship M adras, and the prize winners of the school for the second time gave the cash value of their prizes to the Y. M. C. A. for its work with the Indian sol­ diers in Mesopotamia. The signal event of the year for the American College at Madura was the laying of the corner stone of a new' Student’s Hostel and the opening of the Ellen S. James Hall of Science both on October 28th when among the guests were Secretary and Mrs. Smith, and Mr. and 114 Missions in India and Ceylon

Mrs. Franklin H. W arner of the Ceylon Centenary deputation. Twenty percent of the total student body in each department is Christian. Here too the College Y. M. C. A. is an important fac­ tor. Emphasis is put on the splendid spirit of co-operation among the College staff, the efficiency of the student’s work and the gener­ ous aid of Government. The Madura Mission has maintained its participation in the work of the United Theological College at Bangalore, where picked men of ability and of educational standing are given advanced instruc­ tion that may fit them for leadership in their several missions. While the number of students in this school is not yet large, its work is of great importance and its future service to the Church of So. India is expected to be even greater. The Theological Seminary at Pasumalai, a creation of the Madura mission, is now in fact as in name a Union Seminary. Its student body comprises men from eight missions, though only two, the American Board and the London Missionary Society, join in its financial support. During 1916 its principal, Mr. Banninga, was in the United States on furlough but the work of the school went on uninterruptedly. Practical training is magnified in the teaching of the students. Every Wednesday afternoon is spent in evangelistic work in Madura or the towns around while in April and September tours are made further afield. “In April of this year a fortnight’s tour was made in the Aruppukottai division and in September we spent a week in Melur. In the course of these tours, 234 villages were visited, 20,907 people were addressed, 11,736 Tracts were dis­ tributed and 1,723 Scripture portions were sold. This field work comes as a relief to the perpetual grind of study and the students enjoy it. Besides being a means of blessing to many people, it forms an important part in the training of the students.” Another training school of the Madura Mission had a notable year in 1916, the Lucy Perry Noble Bible School. Not only did it have the largest number of students ever enrolled, but the institution moved from its old home in Madura towm to Rachanyapuram. several miles out of the city. Here on a site of twenty-nine acres, the first new building, Wingate Hall, was built and was opened on the day the school took possession of its new quarters. The e x e r c i s e s on this day were novel and impressive. New and old students to the number of 116 and numerous and distinguished guests inspected the property and joined the dedication. Missions in India and Ceylon 115

Educating the Hand

I11 nearly every school in the Marathi mission some form of manual training is taught. The object is manifold. It may offer a means of self-help, enabling the pupil to earn something toward his schooling or his living; it furnishes occupation for fingers as well as brain; it emphasizes the dignity of labor; in some cases, in particular in the distinctively industrial training schools, it pre­ pares for a vocation that will bring livelihood and a position of in­ fluence in the community when school days are over. The Indian is prone to think that education means a literary education, that the object of schooling is to enable one to escape work, and that the pro­ per ambition is to live by one’s head rather than by one’s hands. Moreover experience has shown that of the boys and girls drawn into the schools, a considerable percentage, often a majority, are not qualified for any advanced literary7 education. They can neither follow it, or make good use of it, when they get it. The reasonable and proper course for them is to acquire a rudimentary “book- learning,” and to be early and chiefly educated along the line of some practical work. \\ hat is being seen in the development of edu­ cation in thi - country, the multiplication of manual training de­ partments, technical courses and similar divisions and variations of high schools and the increasing introduction of vocational studies into college curricula has been no less keenly felt in missionary educa­ tion in many lands and notably in India. The forms of manual training taught in the common schools of the Marathi mission are elementary7; cooking and simple fancy work for the girls; weaving tape, coarse country cloth and blankets, sewing and making thread buttons, for the boys. In the more advanced cases masonry, laundering, gardening and the simple forms of car­ pentry receive attention, In the pursuit of self help the pupils are seen repairing roads, working in gardens, whitewashing buildings, preparing the wood work for houses, and doing almost every task in house building from digging the foundation to repairing the tiles. The Marathi mission has two principal industrial training schools at Ahmednagar besides some lesser work in that line such as the in­ dustrial department of the Boys’ Schools at Sholapur, Bombay and Sirur, the last named not now so emphasized proportionally as when the Winsors were in charge of that station. The American Deccan Institute is the most ambitious and the i i 6 Missions in India and Ceylon

most developed school of higher industrial training connected with the American Board’s work. It takes the place in the thought and purpose of the Marathi mission that a college does in many other missions. Through the vision and energy of its originator, Mr. Churchill, it has acquired a fine and well equipped machine shop with apparatus calculated to develop machinists and to train Indian youth in the workmanlike use of tools and in the acquiring of a trade. The steadfast aim is to turn out trained artisans capable of making their own way in the world and to prepare machines for lines of in­ dustry that may enable the common Indian laborer to maintain himself in the industrial competition of his world. To that end long time and effort have been put upon developing a practical hand loom for home use, weaving next to agriculture being the chief in­ dustry of the country. That loom has now been perfected and is ready to be manufactured and put on the market. The Sir D. M. Petit School of Industrial Arts, gives a less special­ ized mechanical training to another class of youth, boys and girls. The boys are taught in carpentry, metal and weaving departments; the girls in lace making and sewing. About twenty-five women give their entire time to this department and support themselves by their work.

In An Indian Grain Field

Specific industrial training in the Madura mission is given at Pas- sumalai in the Manual Training School with its auxiliary of the Lenox Press, under the superintendence of Mr. J. H. Lawson. This Press is one of the few active printing establishments now connected with American Board missions. Formerly they were a common at­ Missions in India and Ceylon i l 7

tachment of a missionary plant; now in most fields printing is left to presses under native ownership and management. The Lenox Press reports its banner year in 1916; more than 50% increase in amountof work over 1915. Ithardly seems possible that any further gain can be made in size of business as the building is now taxed to its limit: for half the year overtime work has been required each day and half the force was kept at work during the Christmas vacation. Aside from the financial success of the year, ten new' boys have been started on an education which will equip them for a substantial vocation. Moreover, since the product of the press is largely reli­ gious literature, using that term broadly, the value of its wwk is not to be lightly measured in the scattering of the printed page. Interest in general manual training is steadily increasing; 219 boys connected w ith the high and training school have taken this course and 201 have been given instruction in elementary agricul­ ture. The farm has supplied the school with fresh fruit and vege­ tables and has contributed 700 rupees ($233.00) toward its support. In this mission too, manual training studies are an accompaniment of the instruction in many schools as in the case of the Lucy Perry Xoble Bible School, w’hose "Work Room” comprises classes not only in sewing, embroidery and lace making, but also in jams, jellies and marmalade. In their new- quarters in the open country the students in this school have w'orked in the garden and made a good start in that direction, while plans have been formed for a more extended development of agriculture.

The Ministry of Healing The Marathi mission maintains two hospitals, one at Ahmednagar under the care of Dr. Ruth P. Hume and Dr. M. Clara Proctor, the other at Wai in charge of Drs. Lester H. and Rose F. Beals; and one dispensary in Bombay administered by Dr. Gurubai Karmarkar. The outstanding event of the year 1916 at Ahmednagar was the outbreak of plague which not only for the time being but, in its after effects for a good w hile largely changed the routine of hospital work. For several months the city was in the grip of the fiercest epidemic it had experienced for many years. * ‘With a population of 36,000, there were over a thousand cases of attack registered on the city records. The disease spread not only to the nearby villages, but over all the district. It was first noticed that in some quarters funerals were increasing; then rats were reported dying in many parts of the n 8 Missions in India and Ceylon

city. People were panicstricken and fled. Schools were depleted and at length closed. Every effort was bent to stamp out the enemy. Dr. Ruth Hume, of the mission hospital, and Dr. Beals, who came over from Wai, inoculated 14,000 people. In spite of ignorant fears, the missionaries’ influence prevailed and the people submitted to the hypodermic needle; 250 Mohammedans, notwithstanding their fatalism, were inoculated in one morning. The Christian commu­ nity was very largely inoculated, the only deaths among them being when this precaution was not taken.” Five hundred deaths was the record of the city when Mr. Fairbank wrote. The wrard of the hospital de­ voted to plague patients showed recovery in more than 50% of the cases. The children’s ward was filled with weak, tiny ba­ bies whose parents had died of plague. Some good results of this catastrophe are noted. First of all practically the whole population is now convinced of the value of inoculation. It is confidently expected that if another epidemic should occur there would be immediate and insistent demand for inocula­ tion. Another gain out of the loss has been that the attitude of the people toward the Chris­ tians has been altered by the Christian’s helpfulness to them in their distress. Moreover the sufferings and the sobering fear of death have softened the minds a *Hoi> Man" of Band of the people and made them more approachable with the Christian message. The new and well appointed hospital at Wai has had a good year. Situated among the hills of the Western Ghats it is the only hospital for a long distance and is well patronized by the people living in the valley of the Krishna river. Its fine operating theater, its mater­ nity ward, dispensary and medical and surgical wards are being used Missions in India and Ceylon 119 to the utmost. The beds are all filled and patients are lying on the floor in the aisles and on the verandah. Already this house of mercy calls for enlargement. The dispensaries connected with these hospitals and at Bombay are also crowded with patients, extra work being required in them by the calls for plague inocualtion. It is found that Hindus are far more apt to visit mission than government dispensaries; they value the ministry of Christian kindness and interest, and the medicalmis- sionary in his office work and by his visits to private homes secures friendships and exercises an influence not easily measured in reck­ oning the forces of Christianity in the land. In particular Dr. Gurubai Karmarkar has found a wonderful door of opportunity through her professional visits to the homes of all classes, from the poor women of the weaver castes to wealthy Parsi and Mohammedan ladies, some of whom “are glad to reckon among their closest friends the one who is always ready to come to them when their call of dis­ tress comes to her ear.” A special line of mission medical work which deserves a word of notice is the effort to relieve the sad case of the lepers who are alto­ gether too frequent a sight in the streets of Indian towns and cities. A leper asylum is maintained at Sholapur in the Marathi mission under mission oversight and with funds contributed by the Leper Mission of Scotland supplemented by Government grants. The number of inmates has fallen off considerably since the new rule was made that friends and relatives should not stay at the asy­ lum to be fed at its expense and to run the danger of contagion. The majority of those who come to the asylum and stay there become Christians; they sing and smile and seem a happy lot. With sani­ tary surroundings, proper medicine and care, and with light and cheerful occupations and diversions much can be done to check their disease and to make them comfortable and hopeful. In the Madura mission also there has developed a work for lepers. A settlement or village one mile north of Manamadura has been started with six buildings and a present population of about 100. The aim is to “receive cases in the early stages and after a period of treatment send them back to their homes, we will not say cured (for even the most hopeful still hesitate to use that word) but relieved from all visible symptoms and with the joy of a new hope of eternal lifein theirhearts.” Dr. Harriet Parker makes weekly trips over from Madura by trainand cartto inject the tincture of iodium which is the 120 Missions in India and Ceylon

method of treatment. It is a heavy tax upon her time and strength, but the reward comes in seeing the improvement, the ulcers drying up and the white spots getting brown. The problem is the incur­ ables, the progress of whose trouble is arrested but whose improve­ ment stops at a certain point. Nothing but the grace of God can minister contentment, joy and hope to these unfortunates. The work has grown beyond expectation. While there are at present proper accommodations for only thirty-six, the attendance has been as high as 107 and has stood at ninety most of the time. There is dire need of a more adequate plant. The Madura mission also maintains two hospitals, both at Madura City; the Albert Victor, in charge of Dr. Frank Van Allen, and the Hospital for women and children, in charge of Dr. Harriet E. Parker. The event of the year for the Woman’s Hospital was the laying of the corner stone of the new building, September 26th, 1916. The members of the Ceylon Centenary Commission were among the guests of the time and the stone was laid by Mrs. Edward Lincoln Smith, representing the Woman’s Board of Missions. “The new hospital will consist of three blocks, making possible the segregation of surgi­ cal, medical, and maternity cases. It will be an immense advancv on the present inadequate and unsuitable building. The promise of a lac and a half of rupees from the W’oman’s Board, as a part of its jubilee offering, and a grant from the M adras government of 50,000 rupees (one-third the estimated cost), have made possible this splendid addition to the apparatus of the Madura Mission.” The removal of the Lucy Perry Noble Bible School to its new quarters made available for the use of the Woman's Hospital the va­ cated buildings, which were in the same compound, and these have since been occupied by the hospital workers having been consider­ ably altered to meet their needs. The growth of the hospital and its enlarging use appear in the figures for the year which show gain in numbers of patients both in hospital and dispensary. Hindus. Mohammedans, Indian Christians, Europeans and Eurasians ail seek the benefit of this hospital. Toward the end of the year every available room on the compound was in use for European patients and the hospital contained fifty-four cases instead of the forty it is supposed to accommodate. It is gratifying to note the appreciation by the community of the hospital as is evidenced by the grants toward its support by the municipality, the District Board and the Sivaganga Temindarv. This aid is the more welcome since ex­ Missions in India and Ceylon 121 penses are much heavier by reason of the war. Hospital fees meet only about one-third of the expenses. The work of the Bible women among the patients is noted as constant and effective. The cloud upon the year was the forced temporary retirement of Dr. Katharine Scott from the staff for health reasons, involving her return to America. Dr. Van Allen was absent from the Albert Victor Hospital from March 10th of 1916 by furlough in the United States. Dr. Parker took over supervision of the institution during his absence. Notwith­ standing this disarrangement of the customary' routine of the hospi­ tal management, 716 operations were performed and the wonted stream of dispensary patients came and went. Here again two gifts of 500 rupees each from district Boards towards the hospital’s sup­ port indicated the regard in which it is held.

Special Institutions It is interesting to see, and reassuring too as it indicates the prac­ ticability of foreign mission work, how a mission and even a station develop special lines of work to meet peculiar situations or to express the individual idea of some missionary' or some group study­ ing how to meet a need. In both these missions are institutions that are not directly classified under the general heads of mission work but yet fill a real and most important place in that work. They can only be named here but each of them suggests a beautiful story of service. Such are the W idow’s Home in both missions, and the Clarke-Abbott Home for Little Boys and the School for the Blind at Bombay.

THE CEYLON MISSION

The year 1916 was a festival year for the Ceylon Mission for it marked the centenary of its founding. During the earlier months plans were forming for the celebration of the event. Missionaries, pastors, church members and communities were intent on worthily commemorating what it had meant not only to Jaffna Peninsula but to all Ceylon and the nearer people of the East Indies that this mis­ sion had been founded. A delegation consisting of Secretary and Mrs. Edward Lincoln Smith and Mr. and Mrs. Franklin H. W arner <>f \ew York was sent by the Prudential Committee to represent the American Board on this happy occasion. 122 Missions in India and Ceylon

The exercises occupied the days from the 10th to the 13th of Oc­ tober. The sessions were held principally in the old church of Vaddukkoddai, which dates back to the time of the Dutch occupancy of the island and with its seating capacity of 1,600 made an ample ae well as an historic stage for the celebration. Even the huge sanc­ tuary was taxed by the crowds, 2,000 being present daily, all pews filled and many standing.

Contrasts in Architecture at one of our Mission Stations Christian church and'Hindu temple at Manepay, Ceylon

It was a gala time. Motor carsand vehicles of all kinds swelled the crowds that come on foot. The Boy Scouts of Jaffna College were a sufficient police force and handled the throng so that no accidents occurred and all went off in smooth and orderly fashion. The exer­ cises were varied, with the emphasis on the forward look. The Subject of one session was “Our Church,” when Ceylon pas­ tors spoke of the development of the Tamil church, suggested ways of extending Christian work — such as an industrial school for low castes, a Bible School in connection with Inuvil hospital for training women workers, and a gospel motor car for evangelistic touring — the session closing with an effective and stimulating address by Mr. Warner, of the American Board Deputation, which emphasized the possible unity between the church on the mission field and the church in America, and pointed out the help the former might be to the latter. A remarkable feature of the celebration was the historical pageant, which took between three and four hours to present and must have Missions in India and Ceylon 123 meant unmeasured hard work in preparation. Ceylon before the missionary came; his arrival; his early efforts before the mission w a s organized; the formation of the Tamil church; its own growth and its reaching out to do mission work in outlying islands, formed the subjects of one section. The medical work, pictured in another section, showed the Tamil fakir with charms and exorcisms, contrast­ ed with the methods of the foreign doctor, and gave a dramatic panorama of the work being done for women.

A Village Bazaar

The educational work, from thevdays when, if a manhad a letter, the whole village flocked with him to the only person who could read, the Brahman priest, to find out what it said; through the days when the school books were ola leaves, down to the present model kindergarten, teachers’ training School, Jaffna College, Uduvil School for girls, and the Tellippallai press and industrial school— provided fascinating scenes. At the end of the pageant, in the semi­ darkness, the trained choir of boys and girls came forward in proces­ sion, following a huge illuminated cross and singing, “The Lord is marching on.” One appointment of the time enabled Secretary Smith and Mr. Warner to meet the Tamil pastors, catechists, preachers and dele­ gates apart from the missionaries and gave opportunity for the freest unfolding of the thoughts and desires of the native church. At its 124 Missions in India and Ceylon

close Secretary Smith declared himself deeply impressed with the intellectual and spiritual qualities of the Ceylon pastors. A token of the loyalty and enthusiasm of the Christian community that has grown up through the mission work appeared in the centen­ ary fund which they raised as a token of their gratitude. Starting out to gather 20,000 rupees, they got 21,150 or a little over $7,000; a very considerable sum when account is taken of their scale of living and their measures of money. A purse of *£100 sterling was sent from the Jaffna American Mission Christians living in the Malay settlements, an indication of how the Christian influence extends among a people so enterprising and adventurous as these far going Jaffna Tamils. The celebration closed with an impressive commun­ ion service when the churchful of worshippers of different races and lands received the emblems from the hands of pastors of most of the leading Tamil churches. The warming of hearts as the history of the mission was reviewed and the prospects and plans for the future were unfolded made the Centenary an epochal hour in Ceylon’s evangelization. Mission and church were inspired by it to fresh en­ deavor. The definite and rousing project outlined at this time was the offer of the friend who had instituted the fifty-fifty plan of advanced evangelism in India, to finance a somewhat similar undertaking in Jaffna. The return of Rev. G. G. Brown from furlough to Cey­ lon in 1917, was planned to provide for the supervising of this forward movement at the beginning of the second century". The two higher educational institutions of the Ceylon Mission are Jaffna College (for boys) and Uduvil school (for girls). Both these institutions were set forward during 1916. After the Cen­ tenary exercises strictly so called were over, the College had a cele­ bration of its own when Secretary Smith laid the corner stone of a new and long-needed Science Building,, a portraitof Dr. Samuel \Y. Howland, a former principal was unveiled and the Government Di­ rector of Education presided at the Annual Prize Giving. Here as at Pasumalai in India the prize winners voted to give the value of their prizes to War Work. The Golden Jubilee of the W oman's Board of M issions was made a means of benefiting Uduvil School as from its Jubilee Fund a grant was made to provide a needed building for the English De­ partment, which has been overcrowded and unable properly care for the numbers it felt compelled to take. Missions in India and Ceylon 125

The influence of the graduates of these higher educational insti­ tutions continues to be very great. Many of them come from families of quality and influence. They are able with the Christian training they get in the school to make their lives count for the best things among their people. The village schools are both the joy and the problem of the mis­ sion. It means much to have in Christian hands the teaching of

Uduvil School Girls

10,000 youths. But the difficulty with insufficient funds of keeping up the simple school buildings and maintaining the standards of teaching so as to satisfy Government inspectors and hold the gov­ ernment grants is very heavy. Each year the integrity of this village school work is threatened and the Mission appeals with un­ relenting urgency for such help as shall enable it to furnish suitable accommodation and teachers for a field of work that has b een es­ tablished and which is of utmost importance. Medical Work Like each of the India Missions, the Ceylon Mission has two hos­ pitals, one the McLeod Hospital for Women and Children at Inuvil, the other for both sexes at Manepay. Missions in India and Ceylon

The Inuvil Hospital continues to grow in size and influence under the able management of Dr. Isabella Curr. One new building called Centennial Cottage was opened in 1916, a small bungalow for pri­ vate patients. In connection with the opening of this Cottage Mr. Dickson’s statement showed that the growth of the Hospital in the last seven years had been over 300% while the original ten acres with which the Hospital first started in 1898 had now grown to fifteen acres. The new bungalow contains four large rooms with two bath rooms and a good sized kitchen. The year also was marked by one or two changes in the hospital staff. The assis­ tant physician who had endeared herself to the institution during her five years stay, Dr. Murugson, was obliged to leave for family reasons, and in her place the hospital welcomed Dr. May de Livera. graduate with honors from the Ceylon Medical College, who at once won the hearts of patients and of her fellow workers. It has also welcomed with joy during this year a nurses’ superintendent, Miss Elizabeth I. Hansen, of Lowell, Mass., for whose coming the insti­ tution had waited many years. Figures elsewhere given will show the immense amount of service which this institution renders to the womanhcod of Jaffna Peninsula. The work of the Manepay hospital is still in abeyance owing to the loss of Dr. and Mrs. Scott, who for physical reasons have been compelled to remain in the United States and to leave Manepay without foreign supervision. Another medical missionary has been authorized and it is hoped that ere long it will be possible to restaff this institution and to set it going upon its healing ministry. All in all, the Ceylon Mission starts out upon its second hundred years with fresh impetus, grateful for what has come in the years that are gone and with confidence that yet larger and better things are just before.

The Mission Institutions MARATHI MISSION

Mission Theological Seminary, Ahmednagar. — In view of the importance of equipping young men for leadership in the new evangelistic movement in the Christian community this seminary occupies a supreme place in the educational system of the mission. It is now a union institution, and this last year had one student from the United Free Church and another from the National Missionar\ Society. The total number of students in the regular classes was 5 with 9 others taking special studies. The Faculty includes 2 missionaries and 3 native teacher^. Missions in India and Ceylon 127

B e s id e s the theoretical work each student has practice in the field work in the villages. Special attention is given to Indian music, Marathi poetry, and Indian methods of worship, besides the usual subjects taught in a theological school. It is gratifying to the Indian and American instructors often to receive letters from former students expressing hearty appreciation of the training which they have received. Through the graduates the Christian impulse is going out in ever widening circles.

Bible-Woman’s Training School, Ahmednagar. — Fbur widows and four married women, eight in all, made up the total enrolment. One of the women be­ sides taking her work in the school, kept house for her family of five children and taught the Bible to a group of women to help support herself. Two of the stu­ dents were from the Blind School, Bombay, and were most zealous and Christian in their work. They showed remarkable familiarity with the Bible. A new helper, a college graduate, went into the classes to learn the theory of teaching from the foundation and this study has opened up to her a new world of oppor- 1 unity. One and possibly another are soon to go into the district work.

Union Training School, Ahmednagar. — The most persistent demand of the new India is for more primary education and the great obstacle is the lack of trained teachers. This training school has come forward to meet this need which it is doing in splendid fashion. With its agricultural department, its retraining classes for old workers, its appointment bureau for all Christian teachers and its well organized courses, it is well prepared to furnish the workers required. This demand for rapid extension of primary education which is being increasingly recog­ nized by the government and all the important missions, constitutes a unique missionary opportunity. It is recognized, moreover, that however good may be the secular training, the spiritual life and the Christian purpose of the student must also be strengthened. Otherwise the school is a failure. The total students under instruction were 153 of whom 44 were in the higher classes and 105 in the primary department. Of these 128 were Christians. The school has no boarding department.

M ission H igh School, A hm ednagar. — In this high school, as well as in many of the mission schools, students are interested principally in securing an English education to prepare them for entrance to college or to take the Univer­ sity School Final Examination which admits to government service. Only a part of them, however, attain to this high ideal, because the school is unable to give as thorough-going a course in English as is required by the government, and ac­ commodations are limited. The student body for the most part is composed of high caste boys. Yet they are glad to enter into the social service work, study in the Bible classes and join in games with those whom formerly they were taught to despise. In this way the school is carrying on a levelling process. Although secular with the exception of the Bible instruction, the school would not be worth while except for the personal contact between the teachers and the pupils. After school hours the boys can be reached on the football and cricket fields or in the volley-ball court. Many of the boys come from Christian homes, the num­ 128 Missions in India and Ceylon

ber of Christians being 157 out of a total of 461 pupils. In the Secondar\ School there were 339 boys and in the Primary 132. The S :r D. M. Petit School of Industrial Arts is a department of the High School. It gives the boy training in practical arts and holds up the dignity of manual labor. The furniture made is very creditable and the metal hammering in brass and aluminum made in the form of vases and trays and dishes is very artistic. The instructors have been encouraged by the way the boys in carpentry have found positions after leaving the school. Two of them are at Poona in the governniem ammunition factory and others in the workshop of the public works department . It is possible now to call Christian carpenters for work in the mission. The metal hammering department was hampered by the high prices of aluminum, copper and brass. On the other hand the weaving department was able to sell some of its products very readily for blankets.

The Ahmednagar Girls’ School. The Girls’ school includes beside the high school department an Anglo-vernacular department, kindergarten, and in­ dustrial department. There are over 300 in the boarding department. The total under instruction was 370. In the secondary school there were 151 girls and in the primary 198, besides 12 boys. It is significant that out of the total enrolment only 14 are listed as non-Christians. There is a sprinkling of Hindus, Parsis and Mohammedans. The Anglo-vernacular school has suffered the vicissitudes in­ cident to a frequent change of head. The industrial work is in the Lace School and the Sewing classes. An addition has been made to the former limited quarters so that the girls have more room to work. About 25 women give their whole time and support themselves. Emphasis has been placed during the past year on Swedish drill and English taught b\ the “direct method.” Indian music taught by a qualified Indian musician has been an interesting feature of the instruction. “Empire Day” was observ ed by order of the government as Relief Day. The schools of all grades arranged entertainments, and the amount raised from en­ trance fees was sent to the Belgian Relief Fund for children.

A m erican D eccan In stitu te , A hm ednagar. The present efficiency of this training school is due to the energy and genius of the founder, Mr. D. C. Churchill. He is now on furlough but before his departure a farewell reception was tendered him, showing the appreciation in which he is held by Christian and Hindu alike. He, writh his efficient corps of helpers is striving to make machines and a p p li­ ances which will put the Indian artisan in more comfortable circumstances and give him some degree of independence. The workshop has been erected which is the beginning of their plant, now in contemplation. All kinds of machine and car­ pentry work are taught, as well as weaving on the loom, invented by Mr. Churchill. The Government has taken considerable interest in this school ^nd has e x p re sse d that interest from time to time by generous grants in aid and for experiments.

M ission H igh School, Bom bay. — In Bombay there has been a call for spe­ cialized training and it has been decided to make the high school more of a com m er­ cial school. It is located in a rather undesirable spot because of traffic and noi^e near at hand, but this difficulty was partially met by putting the recitation room ? Missions in India and Ceylon 129 in the rear of the building. It has been difficult to meet all the government re­ quirements but great commendation is due Mr. Picken and his associates in •what has been accomplished under many restrictions. In the secondary school there were 74 boys and 19 girls and in the primary' 41 boys and 50 girls, making a total enrolment of 184, of whom 146 were Christians. Most of the boys and girls put in a year of earnest work. The Hazen Club has justified itself in creating an atmosphere of friendly contest on the part of the pupils. The faces of the 6th Standard boys showed a determination to make <;ood in the coming Matriculation Examination. The various kinds of industrial w ork previously listed have been taught including laundry work and typewriting. Regular attendance on the part of some of the students was impossible owing to th e prevailing malarial and other fevers. In spite of the difficulties and inter­ ruptions, however, the work done by the school in training and developing the Christian purpose of the pupils is increasingly evident.

Sholapur B oys’ Schoo!. — There were 29 in the secondary school and 60 in the primary, 89 in all. Seventy-one made the Christian confession. The 45 boys in the Boarding Department have regular industrial instruction including sewing, carpentry, weaving. Three or four boys were started as apprentices in printing work. Some of the new features were: inauguration of teachers’ meetings for discussion of the school problems and work, the formation of a simple library for teachers and scholars, the establishing of regular periods of drill, the organization of a boys’ club to supply the demand for extra curriculum activities, and a cricket team which has been successful. Mohammedan boys have begun to apply for entrance to the boarding and day departments. It is hoped soon to have better medical supervision of the students and to establish higher standards for class work. The principal, Rev. L. H. Gates, is particularly interested in a boy-scout or­ ganization and he has experimented a little with this type of work for boys in his own school. The government has given assurance that it has no objection to the organization if the name is not used and if the military' features are omitted. Five or 6 articles of the Scout Law have been outlined to the boys and they have been taken on 2 or 3 hikes.

Woronoco Girls’ School, Sholapur. — This school is of primary grade and has an enrolment of 88, of whom 85 are in the boarding department. Besides their books, the girls have a beautiful home life which is no small part of their training. Instruction is intended to be practical to fit them for the Christian homes which most of them will establish. One delightful feature of the school life is reunion day, when the graduates return with their families. This year wras the 25th anniversary of the opening of the school and the program was a special service of "ong, composed for the occasion. A dinner was served to about 400 guests.

Josephine Training School and Kindergarten, Sholapur. — There is no more attractive school than this with its training department whose graduates are to have such an important part in the molding of character in the small children in the various stations. It is interesting to watch these girls as their character changes and develops during the years in the school. The total attendance in the training department was 12. In the kindergarten there were 53 boys and 36 130 Missions in India and Ceylon

girls, making a grand total of 101. Only the 12 girls in the training department were boarders. Circumstances made it necessary to close temporarily this school partly because of the plague which was very prevalent and also because of the ill­ ness of the missionary in charge and her sudden call to leave for America. The kindergarten is a sou ce of much interest and astonishment to many of the high caste non-Christians.-One Brahman gentleman is sending his little girl to kinder­ garten as a result of a visit and another Brahman widow in charge of a school in Bombay is planning to send one of her pupils to the training school in order to establish a kindergarten department in her school.

Rahuri Boarding School for Boys. — The report of this school is again con­ fined principally to statistics. There were 50 boys in the mission school. In­ dustrial work is a part of the instruction.

R ah u ri B oarding School for G irls. — The enrolment was 25, not including primary grades.

V adala Boarding School for Boys. — In order to provide for the increasing number of Hindus and Mohammedans applying for admission, a special dormi­ tory7 has been erected for them, for which a gift of $ 1,000 was given from the Parsee Trust Fund as reported last year. The building is now occupied by these Parsee non-Christian boys to the number of about 22 Hindus and 5 Mohammedans. At first they were very much afraid of their contact with the lower caste boys but as nothing serious happened they are now content to come out on the verandas in plain sight of everyone and to mix with the other students in the classroom and games. Six boys were sent to the high school in Ahmednagar, one the son of a priest of a large Mohammedan mosque, and all of them at their own expense. The dread epidemic and plagues which came during the year necessitated the closing of the school, and prevented the usual Christmas festivities. Another event giving considerable variety to the school year was the coming of a large camp of wild people who settled down in the vicinity and sent their children to learn their letters. The present imperative needs are better equipments for geography, maps, pictures, especially the kind that will interest boys. There is also a need of increase in the spiritual life of both the teachers and scholars. One of the most enthusiastic teachers was sent to a school of gymnastics during the summer. It is hoped also to carry on evangelistic work in nearby villages.

Vadala Boarding School for Girls. — There is no report for this school. The usual enrolment is about 75. English is taught as a part of the regular in­ struction and one of the teachers is assisted by the girls in the house work.

Byington Boarding School for Boys, Sirur. — There are 29 boys in the mission school besides those in the lower grades for which no figures are obtainable. Last year the total included in all grades was 132, of whom 68 were boarders. The boys spend about half their time in the industrial school, carpentry being the chief trade taught. Every' effort is made to instill Christian principles into all instruction. At Christmas time an entertainment was given for the benefit ol the Belgian sufferers. Missions in India and Ceylon

Beverly Boarding School for Girls, Sirur. — About 180 pupils are in attend­ ance of whom 20 are in the highest grade. They represent several castes. Much attention is given to neatness and orderliness in the classroom and dormitory. The girls are taught cooking, grinding and laundry workand a few in the boarding school have had lessons in simple house remedies and “ first aid.” A special class for the older girls was held one afternoon a week, when they met in an infor­ mal way on the hillside for Bible study and prayer to bring them to talk about their needs.

Satara Boarding School for Boys and Girls. — The enrolment in the sec­ ondary school was 60, 46 boys and 14 girls. Beside the secondary school there was the primary department and kindergarten. The large majority of pupils are non-Christian and some of them come from the best Brahman families. Only 32 were in the boarding department.

Wai Boarding School for Boys and Girls. — This school is of primary grade with about 100 in attendance. The work is similar to that in the other stations.

Barsi School — This little school in Barsi is held in one stone school building. Both Mang and Mahar children attend but sit separately. The “school began” with these children, but lately has had pupils from a criminal tribe, the Bird Catchers. About 40 of them are brought to school in the morning by the police­ men and taken home in the afternoon. Altogether over 80 children are enrolled, though the daily attendance is considerably less. There is only one teacher who promises to be successful, particularly in the kindergarten. The children sit on rhe bare stone floor and learn the rudiments of reading and writing. They do not stay long at the school, because girls marry when they are 7 years old and upwards, and the boys are sent to work in the fields.

Blind School, Bom bay.—Although the pupils are blind there is an atmosphere of cheerfulness in the school and their disability is forgotten when they are seen working so cleverly at their desks, reading so easily from their Braille book or singing as they' go about their work. Ten new names were taken in this year, one of them a European, the first to be admitted. The total enrolment was 57, 36 hoys and 21 girls; 54 in the boarding department. A Brahman lad is working in the cane workshop and it is quite a triumph for a Brahman to do such work. Re­ cently the girls have received a silver medal from the Bengal Art Exhibition for necklaces and bead work. These have become a special feature of the industrial work of the school. The first wedding of two of the pupils excited wide interest. They both came as famine orphans a dozen years ago and have attained sufficient knowledge to earn their own living.

The Clarke-Abbott Home and Primary School for Boys, Bombay. — 1 his school is unique because it takes promising boys and starts them from the very beginning in the use of the English language. They enjoy privileges of education unusual for those under 12 years in other Government or mission schools. In a large city like Bombay- the call for well-trained English scholars is large. -More important than this English education is the aim of the school to produce i 3 2 Missions in India and Ceylon

strong Christian men. Though small in numbers the graduates are influential. In order that they may appreciate the need and dignity ot labor these boys are required to help in the work of the household. They are taught the making of chairs, tables, baskets, and cane-work. The product of their handiwork finds a ready market.

Widows’ Homes. — The Chapin Home at Ahmednagar and the Abbott Home in Wai are places of refuge and true homes for poor widows. Here they are pro­ tected from many evil influences and trained in the knowledge of the Scripture? and the rudiments of education. They are taught to do some useful work in the world. Calls come to them to go to homes to help in times of sickness or other necessity. Reports by Districts Total Districts Schools Boys Girls Pupils Bombay Citv ...... 7 202 146 348 Ahmednagar City ...... 7 109 290 399 Pamer ...... 16 271 83 354 Kolgaon ...... 14 298 75 373 Jeur ...... 10 223 59 282 Y a d a la ...... 41 1,042 457 1,499 Rahuri ...... 26 640 271 911 S iru r...... 9 203 73 276 Satara ...... 7 192 126 318 W a i ...... 10 227 162 389 Sholapur ...... 18 346 237 583 Barsi ...... 5 56 20 76

Totals ...... 170 3709 2099 5,888

Medical Work

Mission Hospital and Dispensary, Ahmednagar. — Regular work of the hospital wras interrupted by the advent of the plague. Inoculations were given all day long at the hospitals with many trips to other places for the same purpose. The Children’s Ward was filled with weak children whose parents had died of the plague. A special ward was devoted to plague patients. More than half of them recovered. Thousands of people left the city, carrying the disease in all direc­ tions. As many people went out of the city, the dispensary attendance was lighter. Practically all of the people now are convinced of the value of the inoculation and will doubtless demand it if another epidemic occurs. The teaching department of the hospital was helped by the addition of a skeleton to its equipment. There is urgent need of a tubercular ward for women which would be well patronized as the people are now alive to the dangers of this disease and the conditions necessary for recovery'. Patients of every variety and caste are found in the ward, and brought together by their weakness and sufferings, they see the absurdity of caste and many of Missions in India and Ceylon 133 them are ready to listen to the Gospel message. There were 681 in-patients in the hospital, and 10,723 were treated in the dispensary.

The N. M. Wadia Hospital, Wa'. — The Wai hospital situated among the hills of the Western Ghats is the only hospital for a long distance, and is well patronized by the people in the whole valley of the Krishna River. It is a com­ paratively large hospital and attracts the attention of many passers-by. With its fine operating theatre, its maternity ward, dispensary and long room for hospital beds, it is well equipped for its work of mercy. It is however, unable to accommo­ date all who can be helped. Patients lie on the floor in the halls and on the ver­ andas, and in every available place. The presence of the plague accentuated this deficiency. In the dispensary the amount of work was increased on account of inoculations for the plague. It is noticeable that the peop'e more readily come to the mission dispensary than to the government aided dispensary because they meet with a kindly Christian reception. The hospital in-patients were 642. In the dispensary there were 8,317 new cases and 15,852 treatments were given. Divided according to religions, the patients included 1,660 Christians, 12,941 Hindus, and 1,251 Mohammedans.

Good W 11 Hospital, Bombay. — Dr. Karmarka reports that the medical work is slowly developing among the poor Mohammedan women of the weaver caste. The majority' of the patients from this group suffer from softening of the bones, due to ill-nourishment and sitting on damp floors to do their work. They are unable to pay much for treatment but it is a great joy to the doctor to help them. There is opportunity in a city like Bombay to be of service also to many' in the higher grades of society and the doctor responds to calls from the wealthy Parsi and Mohammedan families. The total patients were 1,499, receiving 5,047 treatments. Of these 3,734 were Christians, 488 Hindus, 442 Mohammedans, besides 383 others.

H ospital and D ispensary, R ah uri. — The report shows that 6,716 treatments were received by 2,958 patients. Among these patients were 1,862 Christians, 3,438 Hindus, 1,516 Mohammedans.

Dispensary, V adala. — The patients number 3,569 and were given 8,730 treatments. According to religious connections there were 4,612 Christians, 3,160 Hindus, and 958 Mohammedans.

Publications.

The D nyanodaya, Bom bay. — This is the mission publication which is in -Marathi and English. Dr. R. A. Hume has recently assumed responsibility for the English work. Hundreds of Christian homes in India depend 011 this paper for their contact with the world problems and the development of their Christian i hinking. Several of the missionaries are engaged in more or less of literary’ work. I racts and booklets are prepared by Dr. Hume and others and extensively circu­ lated and read by hundreds. The results of such a spreading of the truth cannot he calculated, but they are undoubtedly very great. 134 Missions in India and Ceylon

MADURA MISSION A m erican College, M adura. — “ The upbuilding of the Church through training of the children and youth of the Christian community,” is the object of this, as of all mission colleges. Toward the fulfillment of this ideal the college has had in training during the year 55 Christian students in the College department and 104 in the High school, about one-fifth of the total student body. Visit the Sophomore class studying the Merchant of Venice or the students in the Chemical Laboratory, or the history class wrestling with the development of constitutional history of Great Britain and Ireland. In every department of the work this thought is uppermost. Some portion of the Bible is daily studied by each student besides the regular courses in the different classes. The Young Men’s Christian Association more than anything else is the active center of the religious life among the students. Not only is the college training Christian youth, but it is also in­ fluencing the non-Christian community. The teaching staff includes 8 missionaries and 39 Indian teachers. There were 286 students in the College and 530 in the High school, making a total of 816. The year is notable in that 4 new men from America joined the staff. A splendid spirit of co-operation on the part of the teachers, supplemented by a fairly high degree of efficiency in class work, produced good results in the annual examina­ tions. The great event of the year was the laying of the corner stone of the new S tu ­ dents’ Hostel and the opening of the Ellen S. James Hall of Science at the time of the visit of the Commission from the American Board. Among the guests were also representatives of the Christian, Hindu and Mohammedan communities of Madura. The opening of the science building marks another step in the devel­ opment of the science work of the college. During the year nearly $25,000 were secured for the Expansion Fund making possible the building of the Students' Hostel and two new bungalows.

Pasum alai High School and Training Institute. — The year under review has been a very satisfactory one. The enrolment of 662 shows a gain of 46 over that of the previous year. Of these 390 were in the High School, 200 in the Model School and 72 in the Normal School. Further admission has had to be refused as the limit of capacity had been reached. The Faculty includes 3 missionaries and 26 Indian teachers. Government scholarships were granted to 17 which is also a record. Donations were very' few and small and no new' building construction was possible. Interest in manual training is steadily increasing and the work turned out by the boys has been very satisfactory'. 219 have taken the regular manuel training course and 209 were given instruction in agriculture. Besides supplying the school table with products from the garden, Rs. 700 were earned towards the support ot the school. More than Rs. .13,000 were received in fees, the largest amount ever received. It was a b a n n e r year in athletics. For the first time in the history’ of inter-school athletics in the Madura District one school secured the championship trophy in football, gymnastics and track athletics. This honor was won by Pasumalai. One of the high school students won the Grigg Medal given to the athlete who secures the largest number of marks in the inter-school contests. Missions in India and Ceylon 135

The war has called forth a splendid spirit of loyalty and patriotism on the part of the teachers and students and all have contributed generously toward the relief of war suffering. The prize winners gave away the cash value of their prizes fo: the work of the Y. M. C. A. among the Indian soldiers in Mesopotamia. The religious life of the school springs largely from the Y. M. C. A. organization which continues to support its own mission school and also enters heartily into the evangelistic work in the surrounding villages. Twenty-eight of the young men went out for a 7 days tour at their own expense, preaching in 30 villages to about 3,000 hearers. Union Theological Seminary, Pasumaiai. — Besides the American Board 7 other mission societies are interested in this theological school. Of 41 pupils, 26 were from the American Madura Mission. In March, 8 students completed their studies and left for various fields of labor. Mr. Banninga, the American Board Representative, was on furlough a part of the year. There is a regular three years’ course for students who have had preparation, and a course of two years for men of inferior general education. Every third year in place of the ordinary course, one in English is started. The theoretical side is supplemented by practice work. Every Wednesday afternoon is spent in evangelistic effort in surrounding villages and in the city. In April a fortnight's tour was made in the Aruppukottai division and in September a week was spent in Melur. Altogether 234 villages were visited 20,907 people were addressed, 11,726 tracts were distributed and 1,723 Scripture portions were sold. This field work relieves the grind of the class room and also brings much comfort and help to many village people. The news of the death of Dr. Jones to whom the seminary owes more than to any other person caused much sorrow to teachers and students. The handsome seminary building will stand as a monument to his memory.

Gapron Hall Girls' Trading and High School Madura. — The enrolment in every department was larger than in any previous year. The Normal School pupils numbered 66. The Elementary Schools 232, Secondary' School 161, making a total of 459. About 95% are Christians, but the school is attracting more wealthy Hindus than formerly. Twenty-seven Indian teachers assist the 4 mis­ sionaries in the instruction. Distinct improvement has been made in the organization and instruction in the Normal School. The Government has shown its approval of the kindergarten training by sanctioning the opening of a special class for kindergarteners in con­ tinuance of the Normal course. In the government examinations 23 out of 29 passed the requirements. The Secondary School has also shown good results in its work. Improvement in the subject of mathematics which is particularly difficult for Indian girls is noted. Drawing, gymnastics and music also received special commendation from the Inspectress. The religious life expresses itself in the Sunday School and the Christian En­ deavor Society which organization is divided into 5 sections adapted to the various ages of the girls. Some of them assisted in the evangelistic campaign in the city. 1 he death of Miss Chase who was the moving spirit in Christian Endeavor work made all the students more serious and more earnest in their responsibilities. 136 Missions in India and Ceylon

Lucy Perry Noble Bible Training School Madura. — The year 1916 will always be memorable in the annals of the Bible School. The largest number of students were enrolled a beautiful new building, Wingate Hall, was opened: the school was moved to its new site at Rachanyapuram; a day school for the benefit of students’ children was opened; a quarterly news sheet began publica­ tion; a memorably happy reunion with 116 students new and old was held. The statistics indicate that a total of 91 different students were in the classes, of whom 56 were in attendance throughout the year, 16 in the training class, 35 in the industrial class and 5 in the extension class. At the graduation exercises 90 students received the school emblem, a silver key", symbolizing the opening of the door of service and the opening of closed hearts to receive the truth. They went to work as Bible women in various parts of the district and in other missions. In the training department class work has been good in spite of the unequal pre­ vious preparation of the students. Much interest in practical work has been shown. They have assisted in the Rural Campaign worlc four times. Much per­ sonal work has been done and 121 Hindu women received instruction besides 26 illiterate Christian women who were taught to read, memorize Scripture lessoni and hymns. The industrial department provided work for 21 young women. The industries included sewing, embroidery, lace-making. They haA'e also been taught to make jams and jellies. The sales from the students’ gardens has nearly met the expenditures in this department. The transference of the school to its new location was marked by special exer­ cises covering several days. All are enjoying Wingate Hall but already the need is felt for other buildings,such as a detached ward for the sick, an assembly room, and a residence for the missionary' workers. Because of the removal of the school to its new site it has been necessary to pro­ vide special religious services. The school has now practically a full church or­ ganization with a congregation of about 130. The village people from outside often attend these services, both the Christians and the Roman Catholics.

U nited Theological College B angalore. — At the graduation in April, 7 students left the college. Two had finished the regular 2 years course and 5 the general one year course for teachers. One is working as an evangelist, and another is an instructor in Tamil. Of the short course men 3 are employed as teachers. One is in evangelistic work in connection with the Syrian Church and another is a missionary under the National Missionary' Society. In July, 4 new students enter­ ed the 4 years course and one the short course. This theological school is maintain­ ed by 6 missionary societies. The deficit for the year was met by a generous donation, but an increase in the income is necessary' if deficits are not to be annual events.

T h e M adras W om en’s C h ristian C o lle g e.— When this girls’ college was opened in 1917, the most optimistic of its friends anticipated an enrolment of less than a dozen. They were happily disappointed in a registration of 40 the first year and over 70 last y'ear. The students represent at least 4 different south Indian languages, Tamil, Telugu, Malaysian, Canarise. Since very few parents allow their daughters sufficient education to prepare them for college, only a tew Hindu girls have entered. The college life is much more simple and the accommo­ Missions in India and Ceylon 137

dations and equipments more primitive than in colleges in America. The literary, dramatic and musical societies are an essential part of the college life. An en­ thusiastic Y. M. C. A. is in co-operation with the student department of the Madras organization. Most of the graduates will take up teaching, especially in the Girls’ Mission High school. A smaller number may study medicine. The High Clerc School, Kodaikanal. — The enrolment was 48 of whom 43 were boarders under the instruction of 5 teachers. There are classes in* eight grades and first year high school. The school is graded according to the stand­ ards, and follows the curriculum of the State of Illinois. Graduates from this school are received into the schools of the United States and Canada without exam­ ination. This school, for missionaries’ children, is established in the healthy al­ titudes of Kodaikanal. Boarding Schools. — In the whole educational system of the mission there is 110 department exceeding in importance the boarding school. It stands between the congregation and the village schools. Any educational institution higher than a village school must of necessity be a boarding school in India. In these schools the children are removed from the contaminating influences and their health of body and soul receives careful and sympathetic attention. Training is given in the Bible and there are also secular studies. One who has the privilege of a few years in the boarding school receives a lifelong benefit and bent toward the Christian life. The tendency is to increase the scope of the boarding school and if the demands of the future are to be adequately met not less than $15,000 should be secured for their development. The enrolment is as follows: Day Chris- Schools Pupils Boarders Total tians North Circle 39 93 132 112 W est Circle ...... 1 25 88 113 92 Central Circle 16 60 76 72 South Circ’.e 41 125 166 160 East Circle ...... 1 9 57 66 66

Totals ...... 5 130 423 553 502 Village Schools. — The village school is primarily for Christian children but is found in the towns and villages all over the mission. There are only 232 of them for the 614 villages where there are Christians. A few of the schools in large towns are entirely for Hindu children. As a rule the boys are allowed to attend more freely than the girls. The efficiency of the mission work depends upon the proper maintenance and development of the village schools. The attendance in different circles is given below. Schools Christians Total North Circle 35 236 1703 West Circle . . 61 381 2389 ( entrai Circle . . 48 190 1746 South Circle . . . 59 493 2423 East Circle . . . 22 76 734 Konganadu Mission 5 35 200

230 1411 9195 Missions in India and Ceylon

Hindu Girls’ Schools. — These schools are an interesting field of labor and like the village schools highly important in the building of the Christian community. There is great overcrowding and an urgent need of enlarged accommodations. The desire for education for girls has so increased that the government as well as the mission schools are full. The others in the mission who have been trained in these schools realize the value of the religious teaching in the Mission school, so prefer it to the government school.

Schools Christians Total North Circle ...... 4 11 420 West Circle .... 4 37 162 Central Circle 1 — 25 South Circle ...... 1 4 50 East Circle . . 4 12 170

Total. . . . . 14 64 827

Medical Work

A lbert V ictor H ospital, M adura. — When Dr. Van Allen left for his furlough the hospital was put in charge of Dr. Parker. The in-patients were 250 and the out-patients 16,824. The patients represented the following classes: Europeans 101 H in d u s...... 12,480 Mohammedans...... 861 Others 3,632 The total number of treatments was 26,172, and the number of operations 716.

Hospital for Women and Children, Madura. — The year was marked by an achievement and a bereavement; the beginning of work on the new hospital and the loss through her return to America to Dr. Katharine Scott. The corner stone of the new hospital was laid on September 26 at the time of the visit of the Commis­ sion of the American Board. The foundations of both surgical and maternity blocks were begun. The government contributed Rs. 25,000 towards the cost of the building. Toward the end of the year every available room on the compound was in use for European patients and the hospital contained fifty-four cases in­ stead of the forty it is supposed to accommodate. The number of in-patients was larger than ever before, 1091. The dispensary attendance wras 13,749, receiving in all 47,823 treatments. The whole number of operations was 1407 and maternity cases 193. The two doctors and the Ameri­ can nurse made 1724 outside visits. The Bible-women have been faithful in their work among the Hindu patients and have found many willing hearers and one at least, declared her intention of becoming a professed Christian.

The Leper Hospital, Dayapuram . — The hospital is located in a small village one mile north of Manamadura. It consists of 6 buildings and a population of about 100. A suitable cook-house has been built during the year and funds are Missions in India and Ceylon 139 in hand for a ward for boys under sixteen years o' age, of whom there are several in the initial stages of the disease. A grant is expected from the Government for another ward for men. With accommodations for about 36 men, there were 75 to 180 on the rolls, the overflow finding accommodation in a thatch shed. The treatment given is that adopted by the United States Government in the Philip­ pine Islands and demands a regular hypodermic injection for every patient. There is need of a treatment room. The maximum number of patients in attendance at any one time is 107, and seldom falls below 80.

Publications The Lenox Press, Pasum alai. — The year 1915 was notable for an increase of 29% in the work done over that for the previous year. It is a pleasure to re­ cord that last year surpasses the work done for 1915 by an increase of 58.4%. It is hardly possible to expect further increase in any future year as the building is taxed to the limit and the pressure on the workers is at times terrific. For 5 months overtime work of 2 hours a day had been demanded for all the men. Even the usual Christmas vacation was utilized. The workers have been very faithful and the success of the press is something in which they may well take a just pride. The financial side is not the only one to be especially noted. Ten new boys were taken in as apprentices and will be trained to earn their own living. This vocational training is a real feature of the work. No one can calculate the great blessings that attend the distribution of the printed page.

Native Organizations M adura H om e M issionary Society. — One more year has been added to the history of this important organization. It is instrumental in carrying the Gospel to a field with a population of about 17,000. There are 215 professed Christians under the ministrations of 12 native helpers; 5 Congregations are located in 8 villages; and 5 village schools are conducted with an enrolment of 200. Five itineracies or preaching tours were undertaken with 4,550 hearers, besides 2,340 others who received instruction from the Bible women.

Madura Widows’ Aid Society. — As its name implies this society exists to promote thrift and to furnish pensions for widows and minor orphans. It has closed its 51st year with a total membership from the beginning of 560, of whom 75 joined this year. There are 242 living members and 75 widows and minor children are drawing pensions. Its invested funds amount to S18,000. The maximum pension is $20 annually. The society’s finances have been so carefully administered and with such economy that it has never failed to meet an obliga­ tion. As a by-product there has recently been organized a Co-operative Society with the object of encouraging its members to make small monthly deposits and help them escape from the excessive interest rates which they have been paying to money lenders.

CEYLON MISSION Jaffna College. — The aim of the College is to train the students to be service­ able citizens of their country and with a true sense of responsibility to their God. 140 Missions in India and Ceylon

It does not attempt to have the most brilliant students but believes in working for the average boy. The period of uncertainty as to the future of the College i- over and the period of development and enthusiasm has begun. Having given u; the idea of becoming a first class College it is possible to emphasize more effectively the secondary education. It is hoped, however, to press on to larger things as fast as the progress of the students warrant it. It is planned eventually to take the boys through what is called the Intermediate, corresponding to the Sophorrore year in American colleges. The policy of linking the English schools of the Mission with the College*has been started and will be productive of good results and v ¡11 assure a higher grade of preparation on the part of the those entering the College. An inventory of the equipment shows that the College is well provided in soir.e respects and inadequately in others. In connection with the Science teaching a laboratory is in process of construction for physics and chemistry, which- w'll be sufficient for the needs of years to come. A large building scheme has been draw n up and the different dormitories and school buildings are gradually fceinf erected. The course of study is largely determined by the educational ideals and system in Ceylon. The present Senior Certificate is about forty per cent higher than the Senior Local which examination is the terminal of one of the courses. The full secondary course covers ten years of work. Special attention is given to instriu tion in English, Latin and Science. The work in Sciences is somewhat elementary at present, but there is a call fora fully trained Science teacher from America to develop this department. The boys are carefully supervised in their study and classroom work. Full reports are sent to their homes. As regards numbers, the attendance in 1905 was 116, increasing to 271 in 1916, the increase due largely to taking in of the mission high school. The bovs come from 36 towns in the Peninsula. The total of 271 is divided into 177 in the secondary, 57 in the elementary, 116 in the preparatory' departments. The boarders were 109. The College has endeavored to increase the number of boarders by more strict rules, attempting particularly to keep as many as possible at the College over Saturday and Sunday. This is necessary' to deepen the Chris­ tian impression of the College on the students, ana co counteract the destructive and depraving influence of some of their homes. Outside the regular classroom work the student life finds expression in the Rhetorical Society and in the different religious meetings. In the Improvement Society the boys are given good opportunity for oratorical efforts. The Boy Scouts organization is an important feature and is doing fine work. It means more than simply a drill and fun. The boys are learning lessons in the use of their hands and heads and a nobler conception of life and responsibility to others. The religious life had no special manifestations. The Y. M. C. A. was carried on as usual. Some of the boys were interested in the Reading Circle in the Gospel ot John. The Centenary Band still carries on its evangelistic work. A large delega­ tion attended the students’ Y. M. C. A. Camp in the summer.

Normal Training School, Tellippalai. — The present report is a resume ot that for preceding year. There were about 242 boys in all grades of the station schools of whom approximately 100 were in the Training School. The problems which this school faces are complicated. It is not particularly attractive to young men because of the small pay which they can receive as teachers and Govern» ent Missions in India and Ceylon 141 grants have not been increasing. The question of uniting the School with the Training School conducted by the Church Missionary Society is still under con­ sideration. The Mission Press is one department of the school and the students receive manual training in running the press as well as in the carpentry..

Uduvil G irls’ Boarding School. — As early as 1824 the first boarding school of the Mission was established for girls at Uduvil. Only two Tamil girls were found who were able to read and write. The people would not allow their daugh­ ters to leave their homes to attend the school run by the missionaries. The total number now who have passed through the School is 2,780. During the early peri­ od of retrenchment the student body was reduced to 25. This was a time of dark­ ness before the dawn. In 1874 it held its Jubilee. Five hundred and thirty-two girls had been admitted and of that number 383 have become church members. A building is now planned in connection with the Golden Anniversary Gift for a dormi­ tory to accommodate 400 students. Since 1885 the School at Uduvil has been train­ ing teachers for the girls'schools throughout the Mission. In 1902 the struggle with caste was fought to a finish and no caste customs have since been tolerated in the school. The new7 missionary coming to the school is impressed with the splendid work which is being done among the nearly 400 Tamil girls. The school is conducted on up-to-date pedagogical lines and the results are excellent although the quarters are very much overcrowded. The student life among the girls is almost ideal. They are just like school girls in any land, interested in their study and in their play. As early as 5 o’clock in the morning the sound of voices can be heard singing Tamil lyrics. At 8 o’clock comes the regular devotional exercise followed each day by Bible study and the different classes. The girls are particularly fond of music and sing hymns both in Tamil and English. Someone has remarked that “ Uduvil is noted for its religion” and the Christian atmosphere is certainly every where and potent in its influence. The School is, however, practical and efficient in other ways. The girls are winning honors in their studies and are not behind in scholarship. One girl won a prize of Rs 60 as the highest in the Island in her junior piano ex­ amination. The students do nearly all of their own sewing and are wrell trained in the domestic arts. The school has 3 departments: the Training School, the Vernacular School, and the English School. The figures are not at hand for the enrolment in the different departments, but the total was 367. The new dormitory is approaching completion.

Uduppiddi Girls’ Boarding School.— The total enrolment was 53. The School receives girls from the primary schools in the villages and takes them through the eighth standard, in preparation for entrance to the Boarding School at Cduvil. The medium of instruction has been Tamil but the demand for English i¿ so great that permission was secured from the Educational Department to make the School an Anglo-vernacular School to take effect in 1916. The girls are particularly interested in singing and also enjoy the school gymnastics. Many ol them take their first steps in the Christian life while in this school. 142 Missions in India and Ceylon

Medical Work

The Green Memorial Hospital, Manepay. — The Hospital has continued as a department of the mission work without a resident missionary doctor. The native dispensary and the assistants have carried on.the work which has fallen off somewhat during the past year. There were 325 patients in the Hospital, and 1089 patients received 1967 treatments in the dispensary.

McLeod Hospital for Women and Children, Inuvil. — The report for the year records the loss of Dr. Murugeson whose post has been filled by the addition of Dr. May de Livera to the staff as Assistant Physician. She graduated with honors from the Ceylon Medical College and is fast winning the hearts of the people and shows fitness for her work. The arrival of Miss Hansen, the missionary' nurse, was also a cause for rejoicing. The other assistants on the Hospital Staff are, the Dispenser, the Agent, the Clerk, Matron, Bible woman, 2 Senior Nurses and 6 Assistant Nurses. Statistics for 1916 show that 1945 patients were treated in the Hospital with 4030 in the Dispensary, receiving 7340 treatments. The maternity cases in the Hospi­ tal were 507 and in the villages 41, making atotal of 548. Visits to the villages were 331, office consultations 71, operations 380. The growth in the Hospital work during the last 7 years has been over 300 per cent and theoriginal 10 acres have in­ creased to 15. The number of Dispensary' and Hospital patients is a little below that of the previous year, but there was an increase in the maternity cases. The daily average for in-patients was 71, and as the number of beds in the Hospital is 70 the Hospital was full practically all the time. There was no severe epidemic of fever, due partly to a scanty rain fall and also to the awakening of the people to the need of improvement in sanitary conditions and their willingness to take quinine as a preventive. This shows the effect of the education in the colleges and boarding schools. With the arrival of the Missionary nurse who is to act as Superintendent of the “ Maud and Alice Nurses Training Home,” plans for the development of the train­ ing course have been made. Miss Hansen is giving her time principally to lan­ guage study but has conducted a regular training class. There were 24 in the Nurses Home, mostly Tamil girls who had been educated in different Mission boarding schools. They' are all Christian women and many of them are very capable. One of them was ill with pneumonia during the year and two left to he married and another one after 3 years of service became a nurse in a mission board­ ing school. The evangelistic work has been under the charge of Miss Howland; and the Bible woman has been a blessing to many of the patients. Regular Sunday afternoon services have had large and attentive audiences of both patients and their friends. The good seed of the truth is being scattered and those who come to the Hospit?! resow it in many of the villages. A Bible class is conducted for the nurses.

Publications

The .Mission Press printed 4,849,636 pages, considerably less than for the past 2 y'ears. The most important w'ork of the Press is the printing of the “ Morning Missions in India aud Ceylon *43

Star,” a Mission publication now under control of the Mission. This paper is circulated throughout the Christian community and is a valuable channel for the spreading of Christian principles.

Native Organizations

Jaffna Evangelical Society. — This is the home missionary society of the native churches, and has work in four islands off the west coast of Ceylon. It was o r g a n iz e d about 1846. 144 Missions in India and Ceylon

TABLE OF STATISTICS FOR 1916

Marathi Madura Ceylon Mission Mission Mission Totals

Population of field ...... 1,715,000 2,575,000 190,000 4,480,000

Number of stations 10 16 6 2(i Outsations ...... 151 345 23 5l‘>

Missionaries, lota ’ ...... 48 55 18 121 Ordained...... 11 18 3 32 Physicians and others . 3 4 3 10 W iv es...... 15 21 6 42 Single women...... 19 12 6 37 Special service ... 4 2 1 7

Native laborers, total 608 830 534 1,972 Ordained preachers . . . 43 29 11 83 Unordained preachers . 44 135 21 200 T e a c h e rs...... 444 332 406 1,182 Bible-women ...... 45 92 Other helpers...... 32 242 98 372

Congegations ...... 159 412 39 610 Organized churches. . . 65 34 21 120 Communicants 8,152 8,989 2,313 19,454 Added, 1916 ...... 355 558 94 1,007 Total Constituency 14,450 Sunday Schools ...... 192 225 79 496 S. S. membership...... 7,884 10,983 4,354 ” 1

Schools, total ...... 196 262 130 588 Theological Schools . 6 2 8 Students ...... 173 97 270 Colleges ...... 1 1 i Students ...... 286 255 541 Secondary or Middle Schools...... 11 7 9 i ~ Students ...... 873 1,674 1,119 3. ()()() Other Schools . I 179 252 120 551 Students . . . 6,685 10,829 10,421 27,l)i5 Total students i 7,930 13,117 11,865 32.912

Hospita 's ...... 2 2 3 7 Dispensaries 5 2 3 10 Patients ...... 1,323 1,351 2.281 4.^55 T reatm en ts...... 47,168 | 39,982 9,705 9().S55

Native contribuhcrs S6,476 $26,895 S 17,268 8511,0.^

- ■ ~ ...... -- ... — - -— - - - The China Missions

Stations: Location and Special Work of Missionaries

FOOCHOW MISSION

Ponasang (1847). — Miss Elsie M. Garretson: Bible teaching a n d -woman’s work. Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins'. Principal of Foochow Girls’ College; in charge of girls’ day schools and woman’s work. Miss Daisy D. M. Brown: P rin c ip a l of Woman’s Union Bible Training School at Gek Siong Sang; e v a n ­ g e listic work. Miss Stella M. Cook: Teacher of Science in Foochow Girls’ Col­ leg e ; in charge of day schools. Miss Bet tha H. Allen: Language s t u d y ; s u p e r ­ v isio n of kindergartens.

Foochow City (1848). — Willard L. Beard, D. D., ordained: President of Foochow College; in charge of Peace Street Church; Mission Secretary. Mrs. Ellen L. Beard: Work for women. Hardman N. Kinnear, M. D.: Physician in charge of Foochow Hospital. Mrs. Ella J. Kinnear: Nursing in hospital; work for women. George M. Newell: Professor in Foochow College, Science Depart­ ment; principal of Union Normal School. Mrs. Mary R. Newell: Educa­ tional work in Foochow College. Leonard J. Christian, ordained: Educational work in Higher Primary Schools. Mrs. Agnes M. Christian: Playground and women’s work. George H. Hubbard, ordained: Teaching in Union Theological Seminary' and field work among churches. Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard: In charge of day schools, station classes and Bible women in Diongloh. Clarence A. Neff, ordained: Instructor in Union College; evangelistic work. Harold B. Belcher: Business agent and Treasurer of the Mission. Mrs. Marion W. Belcher: Work for women. Miss Emily S. Hartwell: Teacher in Foochow College; supervision of day schools, station class and evangelistic work. Miss Edna M. Deahl: Woman’s work and in charge of woman’s boarding station class. Miss Lora G. Dyer, M. D.: Language study; medical work for women. Roderick Scott: Language study teaching in Union College and Normal School. Mrs. Agnes K. Scott: Language study; teaching in Girls’ College, Ponasang. Samuel H. Leger, ordained; Mrs. Mabel M. Leger: Language study.

Inghok (Ingtai) (1864).— Henry T. Whitney, M. D.: In charge of medical work; evangelistic work and teaching in Boys’ Boarding School. Mrs. Lurie S. II hitney: Woman’s work; teaching in Boys’ Boarding School. Edward H. Smith. ordained: In charge of Boys’ Boarding School; evangelistic and general work of station. Mrs. Grace IF. Smith: Work for women. Mrs. Elaine Strang Donaldson: In charge of day schools, kindergarten and woman’s boarding station class. Miss Ehzabeth Waddell: In charge of Girls’ School, day schools and evangelistic uork. Miss L. Vera McReynolds: Language study.

145 146 T'he China Missions

Diongloh (1865). — Frederick P.Beach, ordained: Evangelistic work; in charge of Boys’ Higher Primary School. Mrs. Ruth W. Beach: Woman’s work; teach­ ing in Boys’ School. CharlesL. Gillette, M. D . : In charge of medical work. Mrs. Margaret W.Gillette: In charge of Diongloh Kindergarten and Day Schools. Miss Gertrude H.Blanchard: Principal of Abbie Child Memorial School; woman’s work. M iss Laura D. Ward : In charge of Girls’ School and evangelistic work.

Shaowu (1876) . — Joseph E. Walker, D. D., ordained: In charge of general evangelistic work of station. Edwin D. Kellogg, ordained: Teacher in Boys’ School; evangelistic work. Mrs. Alice R. Kellogg: Work for women. Charles L. Storrs, ordained: Principal of Boys’ Academy; evangelistic work. Mrs. Mary G. Storts: Language study. Edward L. Bliss, M. D.: In charge of hospital and medical work for men. Aft s. Minnie M. Bliss: Work for station women. M iss Lucy P. Bement, M. D .: Medical work for women and children; teaching in Girls’ Boarding School. Miss Frances K. Bement: Principal of Girls’ Boarding School; oversight of Bible-women’s work. Miss Josephine C. Walker: General work for women; teacher in Boys’ and Girls’ Schools. Miss Grace A. Funk: Teacher in Girls’ Boarding School; in charge of day schools; Women's Bible School; evan­ gelistic work. Robett W. McClure, ordained: Language study; station work. Mrs. Jeanie G. McClure: Language study; woman’s work. Charles H. Riggs: Language study. Mts. Grace F. Riggs: Language study. Outside the Mission.-— (France) James F. Cooper, M. D.: War medical work for Chinese coolies.

On Furlough.— Lewis Hodous, ordained; Mrs. Anna J. Hodous; Miss Caro­ line E. Chittenden; Miss Irene Law Dornblaser; Miss Martha Wiley. Associated With the Mission, not under appointment. — (Foochow) Ray E. Gardner: Instructor in Foochow College. (Ponasang) Miss Elizabeth D. Nash: Teacher of music in Girls’ College. Miss Adelaide K . Thomson: Teacherin Girls’ College. (Inghok) Fred F. G. Donaldson: Language study and educational work. Three of the missionaries on furlough, Miss Chittenden, Miss Dornblaser and Miss Wiley, are not able to return to the field because of health reasons. Mr. and Mrs. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Christian and Dr. and Mrs. Bliss are back in their old stations. Mr. and Mrs. Hodous are on furlough, Mr. Hodous having first taken a trip to North China. They have been released from the Board because Mr. Hodous is now a member of the faculty of the Kennedy School of Missions, Hartford, Conn. Because of the illness of one of their children, Mr. and .Mrs. Whitaker were compelled to come home after only about a year in China, when they resigned from the Board. Miss Mary N. Goodwin became the wife of Mr. Storrs and a missionary of the Board on April 9, 1917. The other new mission­ aries are Rev. and Mrs. Samuel H. Leger, located at Foochow, and Miss L. Vera McReynolds, studying the language at Inghok, and Rev. and Mrs. Peter S. Goertz, intended for educational work but not yet on the field. Dr. Cooper has been granted leave of absence to engage in medical work among the Chinese coolies laboring in France. Mr. and Mrs. Peet have not been c o n n e c te d with the Mission since August, 1917. The China Missions 147

SOUTH CHINA MISSION

Canton (1891). — Charles A. Nelson, ordained: In charge of the general work of the station; president and professor in Union Theological College; Secretary of the Mission. Mrs. Jennie M. Nelson: In charge of Lai Sun Boys’ School; teach­ ing in Boys’ Primary School; work for women. Obed S. Johnson, ordained: Evangelistic and touring work. Mrs. Vida L. Johnson. William D. Miller, or­ dained: Evangelistic and educational work; Mission treasurer. Mrs. Katie G. Miller: Language study; work for women. Miss Edna Lowrey. Principal of Union Normal School. Miss S. Josephine Davis: Educational work in Girls’ School; school treasurer. Miss Helen Tow: Principal of Girls’ School. Miss MabelE. Daniels: Language study. On furlough. — Miss Ruth E. Mulliken. Miss Mulliken is the only member of the Mission on furlough, but Mr. and Mrs. Nelson are leaving about May 1 for theirs. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have returned to Canton. Miss Mabel E. Daniels was appointed during the year and has reached the field.

NORTH CHINA MISSION Chihli District

Tientsin (1860).—- Robert E. Chandler, ordained: General oversight of the work in the station; flood relief work. Mrs. Helen D. Chandler: Work for women. Earle H. Ballou, ordained: Language study and station work; Mrs. Thelma H. Ballou: Language study; work for women. James H. McCann: Mission treas­ urer. Mrs. Netta K. McCann: Woman’s work. Miss Carolyn T. Sewell: Lan­ guage study; teaching in Girls’ School. Miss JessieE. Payne: Educational work. Peking (1864) . — Chauncey Goodrich, D. D., ordained: General work. Mrs. Sarah B. Goodwin: Teaching; W. C. T. U. work and general work for women. James H. Ingram, M. D.: Medical work; teaching in Union Medical College. Mrs. Myrtle B. Ingram: Work for women. George D. Wilder, D. D., ordained: Professor in Theological College of Peking University. Mrs. Gertrude W. Wilder: Principal of Bridgman Academy. Charles W. Young, M. D.: Dean and professor in Union Medical College. Mr s. Olivia D. Young: Work for women. Murray S. Frame, ordained: Station evangelistic work. Mrs. Alice B. Frame: Women’s evangelis­ tic work. Mrs. Mary P. Ament: Evangelistic work for women. Miss Luella Miner: Principal of Union College for Women. Miss Bertha P. Reed: Principal of Bible Training School. Miss Lucy I. Mead: Teaching in Union College for Nonien. Miss Katharine P. Crane: Teaching in Union College for Women. Miss M. Portia Mickey: Secretarial work for the Mission. Miss AdelleL. Tenney: Kindergartner. Miss Susan H. Connelly: Nurse in University Hospital. Miss Mary E. Andrews: Teaching in Theological College. Alfred D. Heininger, ordained; Mrs. Erma K. Heininger: Language study. Rowland M. Cross, or­ dained: Language study. M issEsme V. Anderson: Language study.

Tunghsien (1867). — Arthur H. Smith, D. D., ordained: Missionary-at-large. Mrs. Emma D. Smith: Evangelistic work for women. 0. Houghton Love, M. D.: 148 The China Missions

Medical work; in charge of hospital. Mrs. Caroline M. Love: Work for worren Dean R. Wickes, ordained: Teaching in Lo Hu Academy and in Theological College, Peking. Mrs. Fanny S. Wickes: Work in Girls’ School; Station secre- tary. Lucius C. Porter, ordained: Professor in Undergraduate Department <>; Peking University; Mission secretary. Mrs. Lillian D. Porter: W ork for v on er William B. Stelle, ordained: Outstation work. Mrs. Elizabeth Stelle: Work ft women. Mrs. Eleanore W. Sheffield: Teaching and work for women. M-i>< Margaret A. Smith: Language study ; teaching in Tunghsien Girls’ School. Mi* Alice M. Huggins: Language study and teaching.

Paotingfu (1873).— Hugh W. Hubbard, ordained: Educational and Y. M. C. A. work. Mrs. Mabel E. Hubbard: Educational work and work for women.. Harold W. Robinson, ordained; Mrs. Mary Robinson: Language study; station work. Miss Abbie G. Chapin : R om an’s work. Miss Grace M. Breck: Language study and educational work.

Shantung District

Lintsingchow (1886).— Emeiy W. Willis, ordained: General station and evangelistic work. Mrs. Minnie C. Ellis: Woman's work. Vinton P. Eastman, ordained : Oversight of Boys’ School. Mrs. Florence C. Eastman : Work for women. Mrs. Susan Tallmon Sargent, M. D : Woman’s medical work.- Miss Edith C. Toll­ man: Educational work. Miss Ethel M. Long: Educational work.

Tehchow (1914).— Pangchwang (1880). — Francis F. Tucker, M. T).: In charge of Williams and Porter Hospitals; general medical w ork. Mrs. Emma B. Tucker: Associate in medical work. Charles A. Stanley, ordained: General station work; secretary of Shantung District. Mrs. Louise H. Stanley: W ork for women. Miss Myra L. Sawyer: Superintendent of nurses in Williams and Porter Hospitals. Miss Mabel I. Huggins: Educational work. Paul N. Mac- Eachron: Language study; oversight of Boys’ Academy. Mrs. Helen D. Mac- Eachron: Language study. Amy A. Metcalf, M. D. : Medical work for women. Lee M. Miles, M. D.: Language study: associate in hospital. Mrs. Frieda S. Miles: Language study. Miss Alice C. Reed: Language study; educational work. Lyman V. Cady, ordained; Mrs. Muriel P. Cady: Language study ; edu­ cational work.

Shansi District

Taikuhsien (1882j. — Willoughby A. Hemingway, M. D.\ In charge of Judson Smith Memorial Hospital. Mrs. Mary E. Hemingway: Work for women. PaulL. Corbin, ordained: Outstation evangelistic work; district secretary. Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin: Work for women. Mark Williams, ordained: Missionary e m e r it u s . Miss Flora K . Heebner : Educational and evangelistic work for women. Miss Alzina C. Munger: Educational work in girls’ school.

Fenchow (1886). — Percy T. Watson, M. D .: In charge of the medical and hospital work. Mrs. Clara F. Watson: Woman’s industrial work. Wilham R- The China Missions 149

:,eete, ordained: Evangelistic work in station; English classes. Mrs. Anna K auffm an Leete: Woman’s work. Arthur W. Hummel, ordained: In charge of \t water Boys’ School. Mrs. Ruth B. Hummel: Educational work. Frank B. ’Varner, ordained: In charge of primary and secondary’ educational work of the s ta tio n and field. Mrs. Maude B. Warner: Language study; woman’s work. M i s s Grace McConnaughey. Woman’s evangelistic work; teaching in girls’ school. jliss Josephine E. Horn: Educational work in girls’ school. Miss Ruth W. Tolman: Language study; teaching. At Shanghai. — Miss Clara A. Nutting, M. D.: Serving as intern in Mar­ garet Williams Hospital. On furlough. — Harry S. Martin, ordained; Mrs. RoseL. Martin; Jesse B. Wolfe; Mrs. Clara H. Wolfe; Howard S. Galt, D. D., ordained; Mrs. Louise A. Galt; Watts 0. Pye, ordained; Mrs. Gertrude Chaney Pye; Elmer W. Galt, ordained; Mrs. Alice C. Galt; Wynn C. Fairfield, ordained; Mrs. DaisieG. Fairfield; Miss E. Gertrude Wyckoff; Miss Isabelle Phelps; Miss Louise E. Miske. Associated with the Mission, not under appointment. — (Tunghsien) Douglas M. Beers'. Instructor in Lo Hu Academy. Emery J . Woodall, ordained: English classes in the Academy. Miss Flora Beard: Matron and teacher in North China American School (for missionaries’ children). Miss Mary Beard: Teacher in North China American school. Miss Jennie Dudley: Teacher in North China American School. (Paotingfu) Francis M. Price, ordained: Assists in evangelistic work. (Peking) J . VanWie Bergamini: Mission architect; language study. Miss Maryette H. Lum, Music teacher. (Tehchow) Arthur H. Buschman: Business man for Williams and Porter Hospitals. (Lintsing) Miss Callie Munger: Nurse in hospital. Besides those already on furlough, the following have come to this country: Mr. and Mrs. Martin; Mr. and Mrs. H. S. Galt; Mr. and Mrs. E. W. Galt; Mr. and Mrs. Pye; Mr. and Mrs. Wolfe; Miss Phelps and Miss Miske, the last for health reasons. Miss Wyckoff has not been able to return to the field because of the illness of her family. The furloughs have been authorized for Dr. and Mrs. Tucker, Miss Heebner and Miss Mead. Mr. and Mrs. Steïïe, Mr. and Mrs. Eastman, Mrs. Sheffield and Miss McConnaughey have returned to China. Miss Davis has resigned from the Board and Miss Leavens is not expecting to return to the Mission. Mr. Cross, Miss Anderson and Miss Alice Huggins have located in Peking for language study. From April to September Miss Sewall was in the United States because of sickness in her home. Mr. and Mrs. DeHaan have come to America and have resigned for health reasons. Because of flood conditions some of the missionaries in Tehchow and Tientsin have been temporarily in other stations. Mr. Warner is helping for an interval in the educational work in Taikuhsien. Miss Payne has gone to Tientsin to assist in the school work. Mr. and Mrs. McCann are in Tienstin where the treasurer’s office is now located and Mr. and Mrs. Frame have been transferred to Peking for evangelistic work. The missionaries studying in the Language School have been located in their stations; Mr. and Mrs. Ballou in Tientsin, and Mr. and Mrs. Robinson and Miss Breck in Paotingfu. Dr. Clara Xutting continues her work in Shanghai, but has been assigned to Fenchow station. Miss Harriet Hall, fiancée of Mr. Ernest Shaw has been appointed to the Mission in anticipation of Mr. Shaw’s appointment. The China Missions

THE CHINA MISSIONS

Political Disturbances The Chinese Republic still boils and bubbles. It is not yet beyond the yeasty stage when nothing seems settled and anything may hap­ pen. In 1915 occurred the effort by President Yuan Shih Kai to restore the monarchy; in 1916 came the presidential mandate re­ calling the proposal; and in 1917, in spite of President Li, another effort was made to reinstate Manchu rule. Discord between some of the higher officials and the Parliament and the increasing suspi­ cion of the military governors that the old order was likely to be too seriously altered for their satisfaction if Parliament enacted the new constitution upon which it was at work, led to various outbreaks of revolt, this time among the northern provinces. At length that redoubtable General, Chang Hsun, invaded Peking with his lawless troops, meeting almost no resistance, and on July 1st, by a hasty coup actually seated Hsuan T ’sung, the lad of ten or eleven years, on the Dragon Throne, where he was greeted by the kotowing of a small but select company. The reign was short, for after a few days the invading army was driven out; Chang Hsun was denounced as a traitor to the Republic and an enemy of the Manchu house, and though he had boasted that he would die with his family and his body guard about him, was compelled to flee and to hide until he could withdraw with his scattered forces to safer surroundings. W hat §hall be done with him and with his men is still an unsolved problem. But the Republic is re-established and for that China’s millions are thankful. It is perhaps even in more chaotic state under the new President, Feng, than it was under President Li. The military party is in the saddle; events turned so that the military governors were able to pose as saviors of the Republic, while shaping the nation s course in a way to keep the power in their own hands. The South is again in more or less organized revolt, with republican leaders there opposing the government at the North. Careful observers express the opinion that civil war will be avoided; that while occasional outbreaks may occur here and there, way will be found at length to bring the antagonistic governments together. The problem to dislodge the old time officials and the military autocrats whose in­ fluence tends to choke the rising spirit of democracy. Meanwhile there The China Missions i5 l is grave instability to the present ministry and much uncertainty as to what will become of the Parliament and the interrupted Con­ stitution. The most discouraging fact about the whole affair is that the labor which Parliament had put forth in forming this new Constitution may have to be repeated. In particular it is to be regretted that the struggle to prevent Confucianism from being declared the state re­ ligion and instead to secure provision for religious liberty in this

American Legation, Peking fundamental law of the republic seems now to have been fruitless. It is not quite so bad as that, since those who stood out against the schemes of the Confucianists have gained in experience and in courage for a renewal of the contest. They have tested themselves out, learned on whom they can depend, and gained a standing and an assurance that will serve them in good stead when the framing of a constitution is resumed. One interesting feature of the parliamentary battle for religious lib erty was the banding together of all other religionists, Moham­ medans, Buddhists and Christians of all sects, including the Greek church and the Roman Catholic as well as the Protestant, in the demand that Confucianism should not be declared the religion of the state The influence of the Chinese Christians in this matter, a^ in many other questions of public policy and welfare, was far wit of proportion to their numbers and indicates the place which ' liristian forces may occupy in the new China. 152 The China Missions

Many observers are beginning to feel that the hope of China lies in her leavening with Christian ideals, whereby in addition to those who enroll themselves distinctively as Christians and who form a Christian community, there is growing a more or less Christianized public sentiment, which, however meager still somewhat reflects and will still more reflect Christian principles of government and of democracy. To the host of people who are thus coming in contact with Christian ideas in China should be added the thousands of her young men who are being educated in the midst of a Christian civilization in Europe and America and who are returning to sw ell the number of those who may be expected to stand for the estab­ lishment of a sound Republic. If it must be admitted that some of the Christian Chinese who were swept into office with the revolution that changed China from a monarchy to a Republic failed to prove themselves more efficient or more just administrators than many of the oldtime officials; if, moreover, it needs be admitted as it is charged, that many of China’s young men who are trained abroad when they return to their home­ land fail to show a more loyal or self-sacrificing patriotism than did their forefathers of the ancient type; it still remains that there are enough Christian public men and enough patriotic young men to be found in these two classes to show what is possible therefrom and to strengthen the expectation that their numbers will increase. Inevitably the men of the old school, the officials and the gentry who are wedded to the ancient practices of graft and trickery and despotism must die off; slowly, it may be, but surely men of the new type will come to the fore and the obstacles in the way of building up a truly democratic and well administered nation will be greatly reduced, if it is too much to hope that they will altogether disappear. Other public events of recent months have their bearing on the Christian movement in China. One that touches America’s rela­ tion to China and the work of her missionaries there was the publica­ tion of the Lansing-Ishii note which disclosed the understanding upon which Japan and the United States had agreed as regards their mutual relations to China. Upon the publication of this note it appeared that it had not first been submitted to China, nor had the Chinese government been consulted thereabout. In the shock oi surprise it was said that China would resent it deeply; indeed the Chinese government took occasion to announce that it did not accept this presentation of the- case. The discussion which has followed as to the significance of the note and its interpretation has s o m e w h a t The China Missions 153

reduced the tension of feeling concerning it and has even led some loyal friends of China to say that, if it means all that it says, it can l ie regarded with tempered satisfaction as doing away with continu­ ed suspicions and uncertainties and as embodying the pledge on the part of both United States and Japan to maintain the essential in­ tegrity of China and freedom of intercourse with her. The participation of China in the great war, by which she becomes a partner with Japan and the United States on the side of the Allies is felt to strengthen friendly relations and associations between all these countries and to reduce the likelihood of such misunderstand­ ings as might lead to alienations and even hostile acts. If the war shall end in the defeat of the Central Powers, it is believed that Japan will be prepared to join with the United States in maintaining the rights and the interests of China in the readjustment of the world of nations and the new internationalism that will follow.

A Conquest and a Catastrophe

A signal event in China’s recent history occurred on the first of April, 1917, when the new treaty came into force preventing foreign nations thereafter from openly sending opium into China, thus marking the end of a long and bitter struggle, in which China has fought against rich and powerful commercial interests in Great Bri­ tain and India and, moreover, against an appetite which has been sedulously cultivated among her people and was impelling millions of them in secret and underhand ways to continue the life of the traffic. This date marks really an epoch in the national history. It gives evidence of the courage, resourcefulness and sturdy deter­ mination of the Chinese to accomplish that which they set out to perform, and it also indicates a commendable appreciation of the menace which this opium habit was fastening upon the country. I nhappily, it does not appear that the anti-opium crusade is ab­ solutely successful yet. There is still some smuggling; and it is charged that by the way of Japan and Manchuria, morphine and the hypodermic needle are taking the place of the op’um trade. The sympathy and aid of all the missionary forces, it hardly need be said, was accorded the Chinese in their efforts to down the rich and powerful combine that was attempting to fasten the demoralizing opium habit upon the people of China. An event of the past year that brought widespread loss of life, 154 The China Missions

destruction of property and general misery were the floods which covered a large section of North China during the late summer and early fall of 1917. At the end of July, after a long drought of nine months or more, came rain in such continuous and prolonged tor­ rents as brought the worst floods that had been known in the history of the American Board’s missions in that region. Some twelve

At a Chinese Crave thousand square miles of country were flooded; towns and villanes were submerged; over a million people were left homeless, 55.000 in the city of Tientsin alone; property and crop losses were estimated at S100,000,000. Mex. The American Board compounds at Tientsin and Tehchow were both flooded, walls were broken down and houses looked like small islands in a big lake. Patients in the hospital at Tehchow had to be removed to the third floor. Missionary families at both Tientsin and Tehchow had to quit their houses, the whole compound being abandoned at Tientsin. The waters continued to rise for several weeks, the highest point of the flood not being reached until the latter part of September. On the fourth of Decem­ ber it was still twenty-two inches above the hospital first floor ;lt Tehchow. The China Missions 155

No sooner had the disaster befallen than relief work was begun. The missionaries were active in their immediate regions, the Chinese government bestirred itself, the Red Cross of America co-operated sending $50,000 at once and then $75,000 to be used with an equal amount provided by the Chinese government, in employing refugees on road building and other repair work. Mr. Chandler, of Tientsin, was relieved from his work to undertake relief responsibilities with representatives of the government and the Y. M. C. A. over the desolated districts. The members of the North China MissiDn re­ sponded to the urgent calls for aid to the homeless and the destitute who were suffering from exposure and from the epidemics that were started in the unsanitary conditions following the flood. Among the works upon which the refugees have been employed is the building of a substantial roadway from Peking to Tientsin which will become a highway for vehicles and in particular for automobiles. As this roadway passes through Tunghsien it brings that station, twelve miles from Peking, even nearer to the metropolis and will be a factor of advantage in its life. Relief of the sufferings of the people, re­ pairs and rebuilding in the flooded region will involve huge outlay of money and labor. The North China Mission of the Board will have its own problems of recuperation in its deluged stations.

A Seventieth and a Fortieth Anniversary In spite of these disturbances, physical, political and social, which keep China in ferment, the Christian movement has been scarcely at all interrupted. Reports from American Board missions are uniform^ of advance and of the opportunity for even greater advance. Two notable events that marked the close of 1916 for the Foochow Mission were the observance of the seventieth anni­ versary meeting of its founding; and the fortieth anniversary of the beginning of work in the Shaowu District. The meeting of the M is­ sion was the earlier event, exercises being held in the Peace Street Church, in Foochow City, November 7-14. This line edifice will scat about 2,500 persons and on two occasions during the anniver­ sary Avas practically filled. The pipe organ installed in this church through the generosity of the late Mrs. D. Willis James was a great attraction, and added much to the success of the meeting. Repre­ sentatives came from the other missions of the Boarfl in China. Hie weather was ideal; the enthusiam unbounded. “The meetings "ere packed with good things,” was the comment of one of the missionaries. * 56 The China Missions

Some of the exercises wereunusual, according to western standards. One evening was devoted to the recitation of original poems, a prize contest in which about 800 took part. Another evening was made enjoyable by the musical efforts of the students of the several colleges. The military governor made a short address of congratu­ lation on one afternoon. An exhibit, through photographs and

Meeting at Seventieth Anniversary of Christian Work in Fukien otherwise, of the various lines of work and workers was another at­ traction of the occasion. Steps were taken at this time looking toward some form of union between the China Missions of the American Board; a thank offering amounting at the time to about $400 but destined to be increased was made by the Chinese for the benefit of the Chinese church. This besides making a good start on the fund gave the Chinese a taste for going out after money and for succeeding in getting it. Shaowu’s celebration began on December 14, in connection with the annual meeting of the station. Delegates were present from the three other mission boards bordering on Shaowu territory and also from Foochow. One of the participants, Dr. Walker, recall.! the Thanksgiving Day of 1876, when his family and the Bk'kH' - The China Missions 157 filtered Shaowu. At the thank-offering meeting the sum of $500 was promised toward the building of a memorial church for Dr. W alker. 11 was hoped to raise two or three thousand dollars and to make it an entirely Chinese undertaking, so far as the building was con­ cerned. On Saturday afternoon a procession of over 500 people marched through many streets of the city. The churches wrere represented by star shaped lanterns; church members, friends and little children carried little paper flags decorated with crosses, stars, or Chinese characters. The girls’ school was dressed in light blue and carried palm branches and chrysanthemums; while the boys’ school car­ ried branches loaded with oranges to illustrate “By their fruits ye shall know them.” Some of the oranges were labelled, Patience, Faith, Love. With all this array and with two buglers contribut­ ing the music for the procession, few people in Shaowu could escape knowing that the Christians were having a celebration.

Campaigns of Evangelism Evangelism is becoming still more of a watchword in the China Missions. More careful and comprehensive plans for the nation­ wide, simultaneous campaign, under the supervision of the evangelis­ tic committee of China’s Continuation Committee, of which Mr. Warnshuis is the competent and effective secretary7, are bringing about genuine results. These evangelistic campaigns in China are somewhat different from the stereotyped efforts that go by that name in America. In China, in particular, less emphasis is laid upon the evangelists and far more upon the men and women of the churches who are led to undertake personal work. The plan of the simultaneous campaign looks to the reaching of the entire church by Chinese; each member of the church is asked to pledge himself for some special service and task during that one week. Christian literature is distributed; posters are displayed; neighbors and friends are approached; those who have shown some interest, but have not committed themselves hitherto, are gone after with fresh persuasiveness; names of inquirers are secured and cards of enrol­ ment made out for classes in Bible study, which is the special agency by which it is planned to follow up impressions and to lead inquirers into confirmed Christian faith and life. It was expected that a small group of Americans under the lead °f Mr. Sherwood Eddy would undertake another campaign among 158 The China Missions

the large cities in China in the Fall of 1917, but because of war in­ terruption in America the work was postponed until the Spring of 1918. Plans for this campaign have been worked out with great breadth of vision and painstaking detail. In all the cities and dis­ tricts to be visited large and representative committees have been for a long time at work preparing the way, arousing the Christians to prayer and activity and indeed beginning a campaign which it is meant shall become a permanent movement, dependent upon no one noted leader or any one special week of effort. In all this union work the American Board Missions have stood ready to share, and they have set themselves to the task of cultiva­ ting their own fields. The most carefully worked out effort of evan­ gelism and the most significant in its method and aim, during 1916, was that undertaken in the Tunghsien field in North China under the lead of Rev. Murray S. Frame. Here also there was thorough preparation; the forming of a staff of evangelists, possessing, in addition to preaching ability, qualities of organization and leader­ ship. Then came the blocking out of the field, the laying of lines of approach and securing the goodwill of the people and the setting up of plans for the several centers to be visited. Merchants in several towns vied with one another in offers of hospitality; in one place the whole non-Christian town was decorated with flags. The authorities in one village offered the temples as meeting places; temple bells were rung to call men to these Christian sendees. Chief officials in some cases presided over the meetings, which were well advertised, and with the aid of local police conducted without the slighest disorder. The aim of speakers in this campaign was directed toward actual decisions on the part of hearers. Lectures, such as have been resorted to in previous years on Sanitation, on America and on general subjects were at this time set aside and a definite drive was made toward pressing the Christian religion upon the attention of the people. M arket towns were visited on market days, services being held continuously during the day with different speakers following one another. Rooms were provided for private conversation with in­ quirers by those who were not engaged in speaking, and so the day was filled. On other days that were not market days the band di­ vided and those who remained in the town held sendees for the mer­ chants who were not reached on the market days, being then en­ gaged in their buying and selling. Other of the workers went: out into carefully selected villages to hold sendees, hoping to reach those The China Missions 1S 9 who had seen them in the market towns on preceding days. Meet­ ings were held for women where Christian women could act as host­ esses at the chapel. Bible classes for non-Christians were formed and some of the best work done by personal calls upon merchants and gentry. The entire financial cost of this three weeks’ campaign, including advertising and expenses of travel, was reported to be forty dollars. It was proposed in 1917 to undertake similar campaigns in the Peking District, attempting to cover the entire field. From Paotingfu comes a good story of evangelistic activity. Thousands of tracts have been distributed; the student audiences at the East Street Mission have been larger than the year before; special work has been undertaken in nearby villages, the holding of street meetings proving very successful in winning attention and revealing everywhere cordial good will. The Paotingfu police are said to be very friendly. The chief of the district attends lectures in the mission and says he is a believer. He allows perfect free­ dom in visting and talking with his family, some of whom attend the services. One of these officers took sixteen Gospels of Acts and a bundle of tracts to distribute among the sixteen men of his staff. Similar dis­ tribution of Christian literature has been made at Taiku, Shansi District, through the stores and the mails, the postal sendee hav­ ing been discovered to be a fine evangelistic agency; while by the use of stereopticon lec­ T he Mother Goddess in China tures large crowds have been won to listen to the missionary’s story. In Paotingfu also the notable work being done by the Y. M. C. A., to which one of the American Board’s staff, Rev. Hugh Hubbard, is devoting much time, is an evangelistic force of prime importance. On the fourth anniversary meeting of this organization the American Minister to China, Dr. Reinsch, was the guest of honor of the occa- slon. His arrival in the city was a red letter event. Trumpets Wared, drums boomed, long lines of soldiers saluted and the leading officials stepped forward to be introduced by the Y. M. C. A. secre­ i6o The China Missions

tary. Through the crowded streets lined with soldiery the Minister and his Christian hosts drove to headquarters where the Minister made an effective address The size of the audience room limited his hearers to a select group of about 200, including the leading mili­ tary and civil authorities, educators, gentry, merchants, bankers and prominent citizens. The chief of police loaned his band, which rattled the panes with the music. St. Luke’s account of the Good Samaritan brought forth a good round of hand-clapping which was repeated after the prayer. When the loca officials were invited to speak following the address, the chief of police, the dis­ trict magistrate and the Chinese general made hearty and compli­ mentary speeches. Next morning before the Ambassad :>r left the city a banquet was given him and the Y. M. C. A. officials by the leading civil magistrate at his yamen. All in all it was a great day for Christian work in Paotingfu and much exalted the Christian Chinese of that city. Not only in the city itself but throughout its immense country field the time seems to be peculiarly ripe for advance. It is said there were 500 inquirers during the first six months of 1917 in the church connected with the mission in Paoting­ fu. There is no occasion to look for openings in the towns and vil­ lages roundabout; their representatives come pleading for workers and have to be met only with assurances that there are not men or money enough to take on new work. From Shantung also come reports of increased opportunity and response. The disastrous floods which were the event of the late Summer and early Autumn of 1917 in this region will perforce turn the energies of the mission largely into relief work and may inter­ rupt somewhat the regular lines of mission work. Both at Teh chow and Lintsing it was recognized that a stronger hold was being se­ cured on their fields. The new church at Tehchow with its happy combination of Chinese lines and designs, its modern equipments as to walls, roof, windows, ventilation, etc., was an added piece of equipment from which much is expected in the evangelistic line. At Taiku as at Fenchow in Shansi District, there has been con­ stant pressing out into the surrounding region in the effort to es­ tablish Christianity in the villages and through the countryside. Fenchow’s responsibility for what is called its western border, running over into the province of Shensi, is increasingly recognized. Beginnings that have been made in that direction have beenstrenui n- ened during the year by taking over work in this region from the The China Missions 161

English Baptist Mission and also in places still farther removed whose resources have been cut off by the war. The new Fenchow church paper, edited by Mr. Chang, appeared on April 1st; already it is attracting attention throughout the pro­ vince and twenty of its subscriptions come from the provincial capital of Taiyuenfu. It is hoped it will become the Christian paper of the province and will do much to develop the Christian movement throughout that wide territory.

A Touring Car

In Foochow the union evangelistic committee of the city consists of pastors, preachers and Christian workers of the twenty-nine churches of the three missions working in that district. They have met every Wednesday morning for prayer, Bible study and discus­ sion as a result of work directed by this committee. Twenty-four Bible classes, some among young government students, were es­ tablished, besides, seventeen classes for church members. As a result of this work eighty-three young men decided to prepare them­ selves for church membership. During the week of simultaneous evangelism at the Chinese New Year between two and three hundred members took part -in personal work. Many homes "ere visited, backsliders were reclaimed and an ideal was set for having whole families unite with the church. At Ingtai much use was made in this evangelistic work of the Christians school boys; these boys are eager to enlist for Summer work and they are sent out into heathen villages for two months of hard work In the Summer of 1916 ten boys went out to do their bit and came back rejoicing. One of them said: ‘‘Through these v' -eks the people have crowded into the chapel evening after evening, 1 that we could not get out until after midnight.” Sixty-seven men 162 The China Missions

have enrolled as inquirers. Moreover they are ready to start Christian schools if only a preacher can be sent them, for the Lord has opened a great door before them. It cost less than ten dollars to send out one of these boys for the Summer; aside from this, in a village of a thousand people, must be reckoned the good done to the boy. Evangelistic work in Canton was somewhat interrupted during 1916 by the revolution of the Summer time and by the lawlessness that followed In November, 1916, one of the preachers of the in­ dependent congregation was fatally wounded in his church by a robber who had taken refuge there to escape arrest. Notwithstand­ ing the disorder, churches and chapels were open much as usual, and the country schools. With Mr. Johnson’s return from furlough, and with the addition of Mr. Miller’s help it is anticipated that the evangelistic work out from Canton will receive new impetus and show yet greater results. In this mission also it is increasingly evident that the Chinese Christians themselves are busy in evangelistic ways. Miss Davis, of Canton, speaking of the Sunday School work in that city, mentions the fact that thirteen of the older school girls be­ long to the training class for Sunday School teachers in the Normal School. They find work on Sunday with from eighty to over one hundred children. A day school for the poorest waifs has grown out of this work with two of the pupil teachers assisting ever}' da}' in giving these children who cannot go to the “pay” school a taste of the joy of learning. Throughout the fields of the American Board in China one of the most gratifying features of the situation is the increasing responsi­ bility being put upon the Chinese Christians and the way in which they are being led into definite Christian work; notonly to do itbut to feel the responsibility for doing it, and to realize that to them is being committed the task of evangelizing their people.

The Field of Higher Education The higher educational work of the American Board in China is more and more merging in union undertakings. At Peking, 1 oo- chow and Canton there is full opportunity for such combination, and the tendency of all the Missions is towards uniting their force? in the costly and demanding work of higher education. Each year now marks steady advance in this direction. The North Cluna Union Women’s College at Peking, which has long been cram ped in The China Missions the same building with the Bridgman Academy in the American Board compound, has at last established itself in independent quarters, through the securing of an old ducal residence only a few hundred yards from its former place, and in as central and desirable a location as could be found in the city. Around it, at distances of from half a mile to a mile, are the locations of leading missions and of the Y. M. C. A. The property has a very interesting history, dating back to the time of an Emperor of the Ming dynasty in the fifteenth century. It was at one time the residence of a notoriously wicked prime minister; later it was the home of a Viscount whose family became ducal when one of the daughters gave birth to the

A Tunghsien Pagoda

Emperor Kanghsi. The property consists of four quadrangles con­ taining some fine old Chinese buildings which have been fitted over to provide quarters for chapel, assembly rooms, museum and li­ brary, lecture rooms, homes for the foreign teachers, kitchen and store rooms and servants’ quarters. The chapel was the former throne room where the Emperor is said to have seated himself when he visited his family. There are dormitory accommodations for forty students, and classroom and chapel provide for one hundred. Already the need of added dormitories is being felt, besides that for science buildings and suitable laboratories and provision for musical and household science departments. The appearance of the several 164 The China Missions buildings has been altered as little as was possible in adapting them to their new use, and the effect of these college buildings in their picturesque grounds is very attractive. The development of the new Peking University and of the Fukien Christian University is compelling readjustments in the colleges the American Board has maintained in Tunghsien and in Foochow. It has been finally determined to turn the North China Union College, located at Tunghsien, into a high grade middle or preparatory school leading up to the arts course in the university. With the re­ moval of the college work thus to Peking, it will be possible to utilize the property at Tunghsien for a large and well-equipped school of academy grade. The plan is that with adequate gram­ mar schools at the three centers of the Chihli District, Peking, Tientsin and Paotingfu, boys who finish at these schools can be brought to Tunghsien and given their high school and preparatory work there in preparation for the higher work of the university. The working out of the details of the plan has not yet been complet­ ed, and turns upon the accomplishment of starting the new university with its several departments and courses. But it is hoped that by another year the middle school at Tunghsien will be in operation. The affairs of the university at Peking have moved forward during the year but slowly and with many problems and perplexities to be considered. The Union Theological School has already become a department of this university and has changed its quarters so as to be in closer association with it. The question of locating the School was for some time under discussion; whether to build where the present Peking University of the Methodist Board is now located, or whether to remove to some location outside the city walls. It has been finally decided to remain within the city; so that it is now pos­ sible to go ahead with definite plans for buildings and the establish­ ment of the enlarged university. The American Board, as one of the co-operating bodies in this university is keenly interested and closely identified with the progress of its affairs. The situation at Foochow is somewhat more advanced. The Fukien Christian University is already in operation, though still in temporary quarters in Foochow. Land has been bought and more is in process of being secured, at Kushan Point, several miles from the city down the river, a superb location, where it is hoped suit­ able buildings will soon be erected which will provide ample location for the University. Meanwhile, several departments are in opera­ tion in temporary quarters in the city. The Fukien Union College The China Missions opened in February, 1916, with an enrolment of eighty-three, mak­ ing it from the start the second largest liberal arts school of collegiate grade under mission control in China. Its course of study is to be equivalent to that of an arts college in England and America, but at first only Freshman and Sophomore work is being given. The first class will be graduated in 1919. The faculty consists of six for­ eigners, representing the Church of England, Meth­ odist Episcopal and Ameri­ can Board workers and three Chinese teachers. This school has found tem­ porary quarters in the old Y. M. C. A. building, on Nantai Island. It is interesting to note that over 90% of the stu­ dents in this college are believers in Christianity; and 40% are Christians of Some of the Foochow Buildings the second generation. Ac­ tive religious work is main­ tained at the college. A number of the students help in the churches and Sunday Schools of the neighborhood. The college Y. M. C. A. opened a night school for poor boys living near the school in which fifty pupils were enrolled. A volunteer band has conducted weekly evangelistic meetings in the college gate, which opens upon a busy thoroughfare. In view of the establishment of this union college, Foochow Col­ lege, which has been the American Board’s highest grade institution for young men in Foochow, has readjusted its curriculum so that it serves the purpose of a high and preparatory school of first rank. Notwithstanding the starting of a union college, this American Board institution had last year the largest enrolment in its history, 395. It has a Board of Management consisting of Chinese and mission­ aries who work together sympathetically and efficiently. The scholarship standards are rising and the spirit of the student body is good. The volunteer band has over thirty members definitely devoted to Christian work, eight of whom are pledged for the ministry. The Athletic Association embraces half the student body in its training, and holds the cup for basket-ball in Foo- i66 The China Missions

chow and has beaten all the government schools in field day sports. Its president is a stanch Christian student. At the last Commence­ ment, Foochow College joined with the Girls’ College and the Union Normal School in Commencement exercises. These exercises were attended by about 900 persons, who listened appreciatively to an inspiring address by a Foochow man who has studied in Japan and has been a member of the Board of Education in Peking.

At a Puppet Show in Foochow

The Union Theological School at Foochow still continues to dem­ onstrate the feasibility of union movements in the field of preacher training; ninety-one students were enrolled last year, six of whom were in the collegiate course. It is proposed to open a combination course in theology and the arts with the Union College, thus meeting the special needs of some would-be students. Graduates of middle schools would then take a part of the course in the theological school and a part in the Union College, this course to be extended over four years. The Foochow Girls’ College, not a union institution, but main­ tained by the Woman’s Board of Missions, reports itself as happy over its enlarged and improved quarters. By a long desired ac­ quisition of land it has been possible to get a right of way down to The China Missions 167

the main street and a new entrance gate has been erected there opposite the Dudley Memorial Church. The entire compound is now given over to the use of the Girls College. At Canton also an effective Union Theological College is main­ tained with eight denominations in the union. Sixty-one students were enrolled last year. The important changes of the year were the undertaking of a high grade course which was not possible at the beginning of the school. This year eight qualified students ap­ plied and were organized into the first year class of the regular course. The lower grade has been shortened to a two years’ course and will hereafter be designated as the Bible school course. Obstacles and delays have prevented the completion of the proposed college build­ ings which it was hoped would be ready by the last commencement time so that the school is still in temporary quarters. The build­ ing site has been secured for the main structure and efforts have been put forth this past year for the procuring of needed funds for the purchase of more land and for the providing of the buildings.

Elementary Education It is recognized by the leaders in missionary education in China as in other mission lands that there is grave danger of overlooking the importance of the primary schools and of teaching the masses of the boys and girls in the effort to develop the higher education which may equip church and community leaders. Manifestly, it is essential to have the primary and grade schools as feeders for the higher; moreover, it is of utmost importance to spread some educa­ tion, and that under Christian influences, among the masses of the people. The Chinese government itself has within the last two years changed its educational policy so as to put greater stress upon the lower education and the elementary schools. It has closed several colleges and higher instituti3ns that it had started, so that by saving expense at these points it may have the funds with which to reach more of its youth with the rudiments of education. It is interesting to note how from all the Board’s mission fields come reports of increased activity as regards the village and primary schools. Emphasis has been put upon this field of work in Fenchow station, in Shansi, by the assigning of a man to the special task of developing the village schools in response to an appeal from the gen­ try and officials of Fenchow. Mr. Frank B. Warner, who went to Fenchow in 1914 for this purpose, having served his apprenticeship The China Missions at language study, has for the past year been busy at his specific task in visiting among the hundreds of villages round about Fen- chow and in supporting and supervising the little schools into which are gathered boys and girls for the beginnings of their education. He is enthusiastic in his report concerning the possibilities and the success of this movement. Great results are looked for from the developing of these schools. The very best of the young men grad­ uating from the high and boarding schools in Fen chow are put in charge of these primary schools where they act in almost all cases as both teachers and preachers. They are proving them­ selves a heroic group, as they stay' by7 their positions through all their ups and downs. In simijar fashion Mr. Corbin of Taikü, the other station of Shansi District, declares that as a matter of fact no work being done in the field has more tangible reward than that of the pri­ mary schools, for which, nevertheless, it is hard to ob­ tain recognition, and they have literally to be contented with the crumbs that fall from the insti­ tutional tables. In that district eight such primary' schools for boys and six for girls are maintained. The chief new departure of the year was the holding of a field day for the schools in one of the dis­ tricts. Though the village was one of the smallest in the entire district, a large crowd attended and followed the athletic contests with keen interest. It was not only a fine advertisement of these Christian schools, but a contribution to their morale. When it is remembered that only 20% of the population of China is urban, the importance of working out into the villages and of setting the pace for thç education of the rising generation is évident. Through all North China there is a similar and growing sense of the importance of these primary schools. The call for them is insistent and multi­ The China Missions 169

plying. Paotingfu station reports that its missionaries can go in no direction without being fairly assailed by representatives of towns and villages asking for schools and teachers. The cost of starting them is very slight; they can be made almost self-supporting with their modest equipment and their economical administration. Lim­ itation of funds for general work, however, compel the missionaries to refuse all but a fraction of these calls as they come. Foochow mission also lays stress upon the importance and effec­ tiveness of these primary schools. Mr. Newell, of Foochow, re­ ports 850 pupils in twenty day schools, with thirty-five teachers in the city- of Foochow. About half of the graduates of these schools will enter the higher primary or grammar schools. The grammar school in the new building near Foochow College had ninety boys with an unusually capable group of Chinese teachers. The religious life and the lend-a-hand spirit among these boys is said to be most encouraging; twenty of them joined the church during the year. These young church members have started “a ragged Sun­ day School,” where they gathered children of the neighborhood to­ gether to teach them of Christ. It is planned to send a boy to study Boy Scout work with the hope of starting a branch in Foo­ chow. As with boys, so it is with the girls. Shaowu station re­ ports 400 girls enrolled in the twenty schools of the district. The graduates of the Girls’ Boarding School were last year teaching over 500 little girls gathered from forty' or more villages. This boarding school for girls puts emphasis upom practical training as well as do the boarding schools in America. Every graduate is expected to be able to cut and make all her own garments and to be able to do all household duties. The school aims to send out the kind of women China needs. The boys’ day schools at Shaowu were increased last year from seven to about eighteen. In no case was there required any effort to place these schools. So soon as it was known that it might be possible to open a few new ones, the demand was very7 strong from 350 to 400 youngsters, and the missionaries considered it one of the best of their evangelistic opportunities. Twenty dollars gold was all the aid it was necessary to give to these schools at the villages, but even that small extra sum was hard to find. In considering these primary schools, the kindergarten must not be overlooked. It is proving in China, as in other mission fields, a factor of first importance in getting access to the people and their homes and in starting children along the wayr of mission education. 170 The China Missions

A new kindergarten last year was started in Diongloh, in the Foo­ chow Mission, in which twenty or thirty little children were gathered off the street for the experiences of the kindergarten training. It is hard to say which was the greater, the joy of the children or of those who were in charge of them. A plot of land of about 100 feet frontage on the main street opposite the church, through the gener­ ous gift of Dr. and Mrs. Gillette,has been opened for a playground and there it is hoped some time to build a home for the kindergarten and other children’s work. The day schools of Diongloh are mixed schools. For lack of funds and of good teachers there has been some falling off in their number, but there were over 700 students in them the past year. In the Canton field the importance of the elementary schools is also being recognized as close allies of the little churches and con­ gregations gathered in the outside districts where the missionaries appear. The old New England idea of the church and the school house is operative yet and becoming still more recognized as the proper partnership in mission fields. Perhaps the most valuable factor in the making of the New China is the graduate of the mis­ sion academy or college, or of the Bible training or theological school who goes out to be both preacher and teacher among these little groups of people who are just beginning the Christian life and laying the foundations of Christian society.

Medical Work The year past has not been in some ways so conspicuous a year in the medical work of the Board as have some others; it has not been so marked with new hospitals and equipment as have been some recent years. The most dramatic event in medical mis­ sionary' work was the granting of a leave of absence to Dr. James F. Cooper, of Foochow, for the duration of the war so that he might go to France for medical work with a Chinese coolie battalion. These Chinese workmen were secured through the efforts of the British govern­ ment for work behind the lines in France, for road building and repairs, for the hand­ ling and forwarding of supplies and muni­ The China Missions

tions, for a variety of menial labor that might relieve Frenchmen for service with the armies. The Chinese government was not willing to send over the desired thousands of these Chinese workers unless there could go with them some to look after their physical needs, men who knew their language and were competent to help them in such physical adversities as they might experience. Dr. Cooper saw a chance for genuine missionary sen ice for the nation which he had undertaken to serve. His request for leave of absence was promptly granted by the Prudential Committee and he is now detailed in charge of a base hospital in France, having superintended the transportation of some 3,000 Chinese from the coast of China, across the Pacific, across Canada, and thence to their destination in France. He took with him one Chinese graduate nurse and four Chinese student nurses in whose training he had had a hand. His commission is as Lieutenant in the Medical Corps. He writes from France that all is going well, that his charges are making good, are everywhere appreciated and commended by those who come in con­ tact with them, the British soldiers as well as the French. They are doing their part, which is a real part, in support of the Allies’ cause in the war. The return of Dr. and Mrs. Kinnear to Foochow was marked by a good advance in the work of the Foochow City Hospital The fees were increased so that the hospital is now for the first time self- supporting. The work of the Nurses’ Training School in connection with the hospital has been recognized by the Nurses Association of China as meeting all its requirements. The length of the course has been' increased from three years to five, giving time for a more nearly adequate training. As the men have to do a large amount of practical work each day, a longer time is required for their course of stud>r. A token of regard for this Hospital appeared in the au­ tumn of 1916 when soldiers from the barracks at the time of epidemic came in large numbers to the Hospital for treatment in spite of the fact that they could have gone to the military hospital at less expense. The new dispensary building at Diongloh, completed a year ago, has been a great source of joy, not only to every foreigner who sees it, but to the Chinese. Clean and conveniently equipped, it stands as a splendid example of the ideals of Christianity. The citizens of Diongloh have been so pleased with it that they pledged S300 Mex. toward the building fund. An increase of 63% in new cases and over 100% in old and new cases shows the value that is put upon this modest institution. 172 The China Missions

Shaowu is rejoicing in the return of Dr. Bliss after furlough and the getting of the new hospital well under way. Clinics have been held in five outstations. In Shantung the work of the hospital at Tehchow with its finely appointed new buildings and its enlarged hospital staff had a great year of expansion in 1916, and gave promise of even greater things to come when the floods of the past year fell upon it and so far sub­ merged it as to involve large and wearisome repairs before it can be so efficient again. The patience and courage of those in charge was taxed to the utmost by the disaster, but met the test. At Lintsing the new wo­ men’s hospital with its men's ward is also greatly appreci­ ated. Local Chinese have given over $1,000 towards the hospital as one evidence of their appreciation of the missionaries’ labors. Here as in other such centers it is said that medical work is the means through which hun­ dreds are at first brought in contact with the Gospel. It is felt that much will be ac­ complished by adding a worker or two to follow those who are reached by the hos­ pital to their homes, there to Paper Houae to be Burned for Use in the teach and to help them. The Spirit World impending withdrawal of Dr. Sargent after her dozen y^ears of fine service in this hospital makes urgent the need of a successor that the station be not left without a medical head; the appeal is being pressed also for a medical man who shall take charge of the men’s work in the populous field ol five million people. The year 1916 was not specially7 marked in the medical work ot the Shansi district. The Judson Smith Hospital at Taiku is making the most of its new building and equipment ; Dr. Hemingway sees to it that its work shall contribute to the missionary aim of the sta­ tion and its message is carried far by patients returning to their homes. Dr. Watson at Fenchow is still waiting for the new hospital. The China Missions 173

I 'nfavorable exchange rates, political and social disturbances, higher cost of building and other such obstacles were judged reason for delay. A good portion of the needed funds is in hand, however, for the enterprise, plans have been drawn, land purchased and it is con­ fidently believed that 1918 will see the hospital begun. Meanwhile the little 7 x 9 dispensary is made to do wonders both in surgery and medical practise; and the fame and influence of its staff increase. The reorganization of the Union Medical College at Peking upon its taking over by the China Medical Board went quietly on during 1916. College work was foregone during the period of reconstruc­ tion, students being diverted temporarily to the Medical College at Tsinanfu in Shantung. In the autumn of 1917 a class in pre­ medical studies was started with eight members, and with two American teachers. It is gratifying to learn that both these teach­ ers are men of fine Christian character and that most of the students are either Christian men or have previously been in Christian schools. The laying of the corner stone of the first building of the new medi­ cal college was an event of the autumn of 1917. At Tunghsien, in the shadow of Peking’s walls, Dr. Love has been making good use of the renovated hospital. Besides serving the students in the college and the people of the place, this hospital ministers to a wide country district. Equipping the New Missionaries In reviewing the activities and institutions of the China missions the Language Schools are not to be overlooked. These are union undertakings or at least are managed so as to serve the needs of missionaries of all Boards working in the region. At Peking is lo­ cated the North China Union Language School, a strong and expanding institution maintained by five mission boards and the Y. M. C. A. and the Y. \Y. C. A. Its director, Mr. W. B. Pettus, comes from the V. M. C. A. staff; there are on the faculty a dozen or fifteen Chinese leaders and thirty personal teachers. During 1916-17 the Ameri­ can Board had an exceptionally large contingent of new missionaries attending this school, a dozen men and women, whose record of attainment was most gratify ing. The value of this new method cl language study, as regards saving time, reducing effort, and se­ curing results has been amply demonstrated. Three missionaries and their wives recently appointed to the Foochow mission for ser­ vice in Shaowu have gone to Nanking to the Language School main­ tained by the Nanking University where the teaching is in the 174 The China Missions

Mandarin, which is understood in Shaowu. During 1916 Rev. Ly­ man P. Peet was in charge of the Language school in Foochow City, whose students came from several missions to acquire the local dia­ lect. China is so immense a missionary undertaking with her vast territory^, her swarming multitudes, her immemorial traditions, customs and standards, and withal by reason of the seething of new and undetermined ideas in this great body politic that it is difficult to estimate the advance of a year, even though a host of activities is recorded. Beyond all the things done and the results that can be listed, gratitude is due to God for the sense of a growing spirit of responsiveness to the Christian message, an increasing disposition in practically all quarters to welcome Christianity’s approach. Everywhere it makes the laborers more eager at their work.

Institutions of the China Missions

FOOCHOW Union Institutions

F ukien U nion College. — The college opened February 17, 1916, with an enrolment of 83, making it from the start the second largest mission school of arts in the country. The course of study will be equivalent to that of an art college in England or America, but during 1916 only freshman and sophomore work was given. The first class will graduate in 1919. The prospects for the institution are excellent in view of the large number of lower schools in the pro­ vince which will serv e as feeders. Most of the students come from Fukien Pro­ vince, but there are several from Canton and the Philippine Islands. The spirit among the students has been good from the beginning and has improved as they have become accustomed to their new environment. The faculty consists of 6 foreigners representing the Church of England, Methodist Episcopal and Ameri­ can Board Missions, besides 3 Chinese teachers. Temporary quarters were se­ cured in the old V. M. C. A. building, but the school is looking forward to the time when it can be housed on the new university site. Over ninety percent of the students are believers in Christianity. A number oi them help in the churches and Sunday Schools in the city. The V M. C. A. has opened a night school for poor boys in the neighborhood, the college students serving as teachers and the college class rooms being used for the school. 1 he Volunteer Band has held weekly evangelistic meetings in the college gate which opens upon the busy thoroughfare.

Union Theological Seminary, Foochow.— The enrolment of 91 was di­ vided into 6 in the collegiate course and 85 in the non-collegiate course. I he* requirements for entrance to the non-collegiate course were increased to one year The China Missions 175 in the middle school and as a result the students were more mature and better fitted to cope with the work. The American Board sent 8 men, the Church Mis­ sion 30 and the Methodist Episcopal 53. At the graduation exercises in January, 3 were graduated from the collegiate course and 26 from the non-collegiate. It was planned during 1917 to open a combination course in theology and arts with the Fukien Union College extending over four years. It was also hoped to start a small class for men who have not had the advantage of Western learning and who can do good work in the country villages. The students have been interested in the usual activities connected with the V. M. C. A. Fifteen of them were delegates to the Association Conference. Every student is assigned to a church or Sunday school, giving him practice work in connection with his studies. The whole school is divided in groups for pur­ poses of studying the problems of personal work. During the spring term the members of the senior class attended a Sunday School Conference in Foochow City which was stimulating and helpful.

Union Normal School, Foochow. — This is one of the most important of the union schools involving the proper training of the teachers who are to supply the lower schools throughout the province. The American Board and the Metho­ dist Episcopal Missions are working together in its development. During the past year there were 50 pupils in attendance. A fine class of 10 was graduated. The regular course covers three years. Besides the regular normal study, music and drawing are important departments of instruction. The work in drawing has led to the introduction of a manual training course in co-operation with a manual training school for the Christian Herald Orphanage boys. This practical work has met with enthusiasm on the part of the students and good work has been done, particularly in wood work. Practice teaching is secured in the classes in the day schools in the city, in this way helping to encourage the regular teacher as well as putting the normal students on their metal. Some time in the future the school will be located in its own building and closely affiliated with the coming union university. The problems are many and peculiar to local conditions, es­ pecially in connection with the instruction in the classical language, but each year witnesses more of these problems solved.

Union Medical School, Foochow. — Unfortunately no report is at hand for the medical school. The regular course covers five years’ study with two years of internship after graduation. The medium of instruction is the English language. The chief difficulty has been the securing of a sufficient teaching staff, but the work has been carried on by members of the faculty assuming extra duties. Dr. Cooper who was the American Board’s representative, has been called away for war duties.

Union Kindergarten Training School, Foochow. — Miss Allen who is to have charge of the training school, has given her time principally to learning the Chinese language and will assume responsibility as soon as she has completed her study. Plans are already under way for the purchase of property for the school.

Foochow College, Foochow. — The year covered by this report was one of the best in the history of the institution. The enrolment was the largest yet re­ 176 The China Missions

corded; 395 in the first term and 415 in the second, of whom 211 were in the middle school. The college has a good name among all classes in Foochow. The Board of Managers composed of Chinese and missionaries is working together efficiently. The meetings of the faculty have become more helpful through a mutual under­ standing of the details and problems of the school. The marks show the best scholarships for several years, fewer students having failed and more were on the honor roll. The teachers and students have taken more initiative than formerly in the management of the different organizations, particularly the college Y. Al C. A. and the Endeavor Society. The students have also shown commendable purpose in their work among the churches of the city and in the conduct of Bible classes and preaching services. It has been definitely decided that Foochow College shall consist of four years of middle school work with one course to fit men for the arts course of the Fukien Christian University. There will also be a course of study for boys who cannot go farther in their school work. A course in business was offered during the past year. A decision pleasing to the Alumi is that the higher primary course of four years will continue to be a department of the college corresponding to the preparatory course for regular college work. Four events brought the college favorably before the public. On October 10 the Chinese Independence Day, the students arranged a lantern procession with their band in uniform and won the approval of the officials and people generally. Just before Christmas the students gave a play on the college grounds to an au­ dience of about 3,000, bringing great credit to the college. On Christmas day they held the annual field day; the first time in four years the officials were invited to a college function and rewarded the participants in the events with a gift of§1X0- The commencement was held in connection with that of the other union institu. tions and was correspondingly significant and pleasing to all. Over 900 friends, relatives and officials were present.

Foochow Girls’ College, Ponasang. — The American Board compound at Ponasang has been given over to the use of the girls’college which occupies the three large foreign buildings. Land has been purchased from the compound through to the main street and a new gate is located opposite to the Dudley Memorial Church. The staff consisted of 5 Americans giving more or less of their time, 4 Chinese men and 9 women; 18 in all. There were two college classes. The seniors spent the year at Ingtai and Diongloh in practice teaching in the boarding schools. They returned at the end of the year for examination in pedagogy and were graduated at the union commencement in January. The second class, numbering 6, studied at the school. There were three classes in the middle school, 5 new student? joining them from Ingtai. There were three classes in the higher primary, the new curriculum calling for four years in this grade. There was one class of 11 pupils in the lower primary. Beside these girls in the boarding school there was an enrolment of 45 in the day school held in the compound. At the beginning of 1917 all the lower primary work was passed over to the day school. Throughout the school the uniform curriculum of the Fukien Educational As­ sociation is used which is the same as that in the boys’ college. Definite and commendable progress in music, English and Mandarin is noted. The girls sus­ tained a good reputation in singing. Sixteen of them were selected for the union The China Missions 177

Easter choral which is an annual affair drawing a large audience. On the Friday before Christmas the girls gave a concert at the school with an audience from the better class of people in the city. The girls are full of enthusiasm for this kind of activity. English is becoming more and more popular. In 1914, 7 girls pur­ sued this subject while in 1916 there were 60. Mandarin is the language of the class room in many of the middle school and college branches. Several Manchu girls are among the students. Mandarin is their native tongue. Instruction in drawing has been resumed and daily physical drill for every member of the school. The Y. W. C. A. which includes in its membership the girls of the middle school and college classes held monthly open meetings with specially prepared programs. A delegation of 13 attended a Student Conference in September. The Bible Study Committee has carried on a Bible Study Class and has had charge of the morning watch for the whole school. The Endeavor Society has maintained its usual work, one girl uniting with the church during the year and nearly all the students are already members. Efforts are made to stimulate the spiritual life of the pupils and to open avenues for expressional service. About 20 of the older girls have attended a Sunday School normal class and on Sunday have taught the vounger children in the school connected with the mission church.

Boys’ B oarding School, In g tai. — There is no full report for the past year. The enrolment for all classes was 78. This school is of grammar grade and is fed by graduates from the primary schools in the city and in the surrounding district, more and more of whom are seeking larger opportunities for study. Some of these primary schools have the first year of grammer work to prepare the pupils especially to come to the center boarding schools. The absence of the regular missionary in charge on his furlough and the difficulty of securing sufficient Chinese teachers have made the work of the year more difficult.

Girls’ Boarding School, Ingtai. — The girls’ school wras under the oversight the first part of the year of Mrs. Donaldson until Miss Waddell after less than six months of language study assumed the principalship. The Chinese teachers co­ operated helpfully. During the first term there was an enrolment of 45, in the second, 38. It was voted to discontinue the middle school, leaving only the lower and higher primary" grades. On graduating from the higher primary the girls would go to the girls’ college at Ponasang.

Abbie B. Child Memorial School, Diongloh. — The station school for girls consists of higher primary and lower primary grades. The highest enrolment wras 40. One Chinese man and 4 wonTen assisted in the instruction. The school has been located upon a hill in an old building. This is more inconvenient for the mis­ sionaries, but the arrangement is satisfactory to the members of the school. It is hoped to relocate the school more conveniently later. The teachers have been faithful and have done their best, although left frequent- ’y to their own resources. The present situation throws more responsibility upon them, but they are proving equal to it. The new pupils each year are a problem because of the deficiency in their previous training which will continue until the standard of the day schools has been improved. Self-support is a long u ay off, but is the ideal toward which the school is struggling. 178 The China Missions

A department of the school is the kindergarten. It is hoped that it will bring more wholesome pleasure and a Christian atmosphere for the smaller children of the neighborhood. The enrolment was 35 with an attendance of about 25 on the average. The children have been happy and the work seems really worth while. It is hoped eventually to build a permanent home for this kindergarten.

Boys’ Boarding School, Diongloh. — There were 5 classes excluding the lower primary which has been given up, with an attendance of about 40. Three of the missionaries and 6 Chinese teachers have assisted in the instruction. Every­ thing has worked harmoniously and the pupils have made good progress in their studies in spite of the prevalence of malaria. The choir organized from the boys’ and girls’ schools furnished good training and much pleasure for these pupils. The religious life of the school has found expression in the Y. M. C. A. and the Junior Endeavor Society which was most successful under the leadership of Miss Ward. A band of boys have taken turns in visiting the city prison. Several of them have taught classes in the Sunday School. Seven of the boys joined the church, most of them from heathen homes. Through the efforts of one of the teachers the Y. M. C. A. received a new impulse. The boys went into debat­ ing and athletics with great zeal.

Elizabeth Sheldon Lombard School, Shaowu. — The principal of the girls' school has a great variety of duties, matron, dean, treasurer, financial agent, registrar, head of boarding department, teacher, etc. The instruction includes lessons in Bible, English, hygiene, drawing, kindergarten training and normal work. The total enrolment was over 200, mostly in the higher primary’ grades, with 8 girls in the middle school. Associated with the school is the social service hall with its free kindergarten with 53 children enrolled. The Chinese girls are- enthusiastic over physical drill under the physical training teacher who took a course at the National Y. W. C. A. Training School at Shanghai. W hile waiting for a music teacher from America one of the graduates has developed into an ex­ cellent temporary' teacher. The school aims to send out the kind of women China needs. Every girl is expected to be able to cut and make all her own garments by the time she gradual et­ as well as to fulfill all th,e duties of the household. Seventy-five paid Christian workers have gone out from the school during the past ten years while many others have shared their Christian training with those in their homes.

Boys’ Academy Shaowu. — This middle and higher primary school has finish­ ed its fifteenth year. There were 6 Chinese teachers and one missionary who gave part time. The enrolment was 61, of whom 20 were in the middle school. The ages were between twelve and seventeen years. They came from 26 different places and only 9 were from non-Christian families. They receive some scholar­ ship aid, but do all the work about the school except that of the cook and gate keeper. Through a committee chosen by themselves, the boys have charge of the commissariat; another committee maintains all the school discipline. There is a Y. M. C. A. with a regular Sunday evening service entirely under the control of the pupils, the missionary7 manifesting only his interest and sympathy. More of the graduates and former students than ever before are teaching in the out- The China Missions 179 station schools and thus are helping to maintain the central school through the graduates from the primary schools.

Theological Class, Shaowu. — The training class this year included 7 prom­ ising young men, some of them already having gained experience in the field. The curriculum included courses in Revelation, Pauline theology, exegesis in Isaiah. They also studied the Chinese language, comparative religion and preaching methods. In many ways it was a most satisfactory class with a fine evangelistic spirit. They came from all parts of the Shaowu field and thus will carry the inspiration of their study in many directions. Two young men, graduates of the academy, are ready to go to the theological school at Nanking.

Walker Memorial Bible School, Shaowu. — The enrolment was unusually small because there was no training class for Christian workers for men either in the Bible or medicine. This naturally reduced the attendance in the Bible School as a majority of the pupils are the wives of the men in training. Thirteen women studied during the year and two completed the course. One is now an assistant at the women’s school and the other is studying nursing at the women’s hospital.

Boarding S tatio n C lass, Foochow. — The attendance during the year showed a stead}7 decrease from an enrolment of 40 at the beginning to 17 at the end of the year. This was due to the unsettled political condition in the city and owing to the fact that no new pupils were taken in during the second term to replace those who had dropped out and more probably to the increased emphasis the Mis­ sion is placing on self-support. The work of the year was carried out on the usual lines with the same staff of teachers. Four graduated at the end of the course, one going to the training school and another studying nursing. The kindergarten for the children of the mothers studying in the school was maintained as usual.

Boarding S tatio n C lass, D iongloh.—In the spring term there were 33 women in attendance receiving instruction from 3 teachers. Later in the year the attendance fell to 12 because of the more severe requirements for self-support in­ stituted in the school. It is expected that this next year all who enter the school must arrange for their own board. The work done was embroidery, drawn work or plain sew’ing. The sale of goods, however, was not sufficient to make the school self-supporting. If industrial w'ork were offered any number of them would gladly enroll. It is a problem to know just what is the best method in order to help the women to become strong in Christian character and to put less emphasis on the material side of things. The Christian women in the school tried to share some of the good things received by holding prayer meetings in the homes of the church members. Three finished the regular course and received certificates.

Boarding Station Class, Ingtai — The station class was closed throughout the year because of lack of workers, but one woman joined the station class at Foochow.

Bible Women’s Training School, Ponasang. — The principal attention during the year was given to the erection of the new school building in which the i8o The China Missions school was opened in October, 1916. Everything was new and attractive and the pleasing surroundings contributed to the general good feeling of all. The work of instruction was maintained as usual. The enrolment was 42. Seven students were graduated at the end of the year, making a total of 21 since the school was opened three years ago.

D avis M em orial K in dergarten, Foochow. — This is one of the three kinder­ gartens in Foochow City, with a total average attendance of 100. Three assistant kindergartners were given certificates on completing the short term training class. The regular course covers two years of study and practice.

Medical Work Foochow M ission H ospital. — The year 1916 marks an epoch in the history of the hospital in that it was the first in which the work was housed in proper buildings with an adequate outfit and the doctor giving his exclusive attention to the administration. The new hospital plant is convenient and well adapted to its purpose and a delight to all. The full complement of beds, 100, has been com­ pleted and other needed pieces of furniture added and the private rooms are now well furnished, comfortable and attractive. The most important need is for an adequate supply of running water. There were few changes in the hospital staff. The nurses’ training school was conducted by Mrs. Kinnear. It is now recog­ nized by the Nurses’ Association of China as one of the schools which has met all requirements. The length of the course has been increased from three to five years. This was necessary because the men have to do a large amount of practical work every day. The class made good progress in class work and in ability to carry the responsibility placed upon them. In the fall 4 men were selected from 20 applicants for the new class. During two months of the year there was an epidemic of dengue fever which visited the families of the missionaries, the school and the barracks in the city. Groups of soldiers came to the hospital for treatment. They might have gone to the military7 hospital, but preferred to put themselves under the care of a foreign physician and to meet the increased expense. The receipts from fees for patients in the dispensary7 were doubled. The various sources of income were sufficient to make the hospital self-supporting for the first time, demonstrating that a good building is not a burden but an asset. It has helped attract a class of people wrho can pay7 for their medical service. The follow'ing statistics will give a good idea of the work of the y7ear: —

In-patients in hospital...... 64.;> Total new cases seen in hospital and dispensary 7,391 Total treatments given ...... 45,560 Operations...... 1,039 Total operations to date ...... 15,558 Total treatments...... 598,582

The hospital evangelist had good results in his services among the patients, often having as many as a hundred at the morning services. The total number o! The China Missions 181 days spent in the hospital by patients amounted to 29 years and is a fair measure of the evangelistic opportunity. No other form of work presents an equal oppor­ tunity for real contact with the people.

Hospital and Dispensary, Ingtai. — Dr. Whitney has divided his time be­ tween the hospital work and that for the boys’ school. As usual he has given medical attention to the pupils in the boys’ and girls’ schools. There was an average of 20 cases a day, three-fourths being men and boys, with 50 in-patients during the year. Total treatments given were 8,566. Treatments involving some surgical work were 970, vaccinations 175.

Hospital and Dispensary, Shaowu. -—The report for the past year has not come to hand, but the work has been maintained on the usual lines. The dairy department is an important adjunct, supplying new milk and reducing mortality among the children. Dr. Bliss who was on furlough, is returning with plans to develop this dairy work and to establish an agricultural demonstration station as already noted last year. Women’s Hospital and Dispensary, Shaowu. — No in-patients are reported in the hospital, but 16,400 treatments were given in the dispensary. Clinics were held in 5 of the outstations. A new hospital building is under construction and will be completed in the near future.

Dispensary, Diongloh.—The new dispensary building was opened to the public in November, 1916. It is a one story building with basement, built of white stone and gray pressed brick, finished in white enamel. On the first floor are six rooms for out-patients, two for drugs, linen closets, dining room, kitchen and two rooms for nurses, a basement, and a laundry furnishing storage and ser­ vants’ rooms. Plans for future construction call for a women’s pavilion at one end of the building and a pavilion for men at the opposite end. Previous to the opening of the dispensary citizens of Diongloh pledged about $150 toward the building fund. The medical work shows growth during the last two years; 63% in new cases and over 100% in old and new cases. The statistics are as follows: new cases 1,840; total treatments 7,018; in-patients 71.

Publications The Mission Press connected with Foochow College printed 1,500,000 pages.

SOUTH CHINA Union Theological College, Conton. — Important changes took place during the college year. At the beginning, because of the fact that no midd e school graduates applied for admission, the high grade course was not opened, but this year 8 qualified students applied and constituted the first year class of the regular course. It was decided to shorten the lower grade course to two years and to designate it as the Bible School Course. It was hoped that by com­ mencement the proposed college building on a new suite would be ready for occu­ i 82 The China Missions pation, but the obstacles and delays were many and the college is still in its ten porary quarters. A building site, however, has been purchased and it is proposer, to erect thereon the main building at a cost of about $13,000 gold. The eight denominations in the union have participated harmoniously in the work of the college, having on the faculty 7 representatives besides 5 Chinese instructors. Sixty-one students were enrolled and 7 graduated from the lower grade course and 14 from the Bible school course. The commencement exercises were held in the Y. M. C. A. auditorium and were well attended.

Union Normal School, Canton. — The first year of the normal school was marked by excellent progress. Four missionary societies were represented bv 8 students. Miss Davis was the representative of the American Board Mission on the Board of Trustees. Responsibility for the principalship fell on Miss Lowrev wrho had a strenuous year of work. Miss Tow assisted in the physical drill while studying the language. A training class for Sunday School teachers wras main­ tained.

Boys’ Primary and Boarding School, Canton. — The school has been under the care of Mrs. Nelson and has had 33 pupils in the various grades. Two theo­ logical students rendered valuable assistance during part of the year. About two acres of land have been purchased as a new' site for a school building.

South China Girls’ School, Canton. — School opened with an attendance of 43, but accommodations were soon crowded to the limit with 10 girls registered to come as soon as opportunity offered. The class of girls w'ho enter the school come with a true purpose to make the most of their privileges. Eight girls re­ ceived diplomas at the commencement in June and several are to continue their studies. The spirit of the school has been very good and the religious interest manifested through the Y. W. C. A wras all that could be desired. Members have participated in evangelistic work. Twenty-three were in the teachers training class for Sunday School teaching. There was only one change in the faculty, the advent of a Chinese teacher from Hong Kong who has done good wrork in the department of Chinese literature and history. Miss Anderson’s w'ork in music, both instrumental and vocal, has won the approval of those who have noted the progress made by the pupils. There is an imperative need of the addition of a high school course, using the Chinese language as a medium of instruction in order to provide educational facilities for graduates of the school. The proposed new' building seems a little nearer realization now that $6,000 gold is in hand.

NORTH CHINA — CHIHLI DISTRICT

Union Institutions Peking University. — The new Peking University w'as created by an act ol the Board of Regents of the University of the C it y of New York at the m eeting held on December 2, 1915 at which time the amended charter was granted. The Board of Foreign Missions of the Presbyterian Church in the United States, 1 he The China Missions

American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions and the Board of Foreign .Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church have merged their interests in the I nion. Other incorporated missionary associations may at any time be affiliated. The institutions formerly in the North China Educational Union have become constituent parts of the new Union Peking University. The total enrolment in the University was 690 and of these 200 were in the Col­ lege Department. Part of the student body was at Tunghsien because of lack of accommodations at Peking. The erection of buildings has been delayed through failure to secure funds for the purchase of land. A site of 66 acres has been se­ lected. The grounds and buildings of the Middle School of the Methodist Episco­ pal Mission were occupied temporarily. Two buildings are needed, a University Hall or Administration Building and a Library Building, besides the dormitory accommodations to be provided by each mission for its own students. The new University will aim to offer the best in arts, sciences, medicine, and theology.

Peking University Undergraduate Department. — (Lu Ho Academy) — Tunghsien. The North China Union College is now an academy or undergraduate department of Peking University. There w ere 87 students in the 4 college classes of whom 54 were from the American Board Mission, 9 from the London Mission, 8 from the Presbyterian Mission and 16 from other missions and outside sources. Of the 33 men in the Freshman Class 21 were admitted by certificate from accred­ ited schools. Changes in the course of study adpoted 2 years ago were effective during the year with the 3 lower classes who persued the course modelled after that of the Government University of Peking. The courses in English have been increased. The Senior class has followed the old arrangement divided into literary’ and scientific courses. It will be noted that the student body has not increased during recent years owing to a more rigid selection of students. The results of this policy are shown in a higher quality of work and an increased initiative and ability to manage a wide range of college interests. The work of administration was not difficult and there were few cases of disci­ pline. At the opening chapel service in accordance with a newly established cus­ tom, two mottos were selected from a number handed in by the graduating class of the previous year. One was “ He who is able to control himself can control others,” and the other, “ He who studies most is able to obtain learning.” The religious and theological activities were maintained on the usual line. The V. M. C. A. under its new officers increased its membership and issued a booklet reporting the work of the year. The Student Volunteer Band added 34 names to its roll. There were only 6 of the students who were not Christians so that the general work of these organizations has been in the way of nurture for those in the Christian life and the direction of outside evangelistic efforts. The athletic in­ terests were concentrated chiefly on football and the college team made a good record under the coaching of Mr. Woodall. Two of the students were sent as part of the Peking University section of the North China team to the Far Eastern Olympic Games held in Tokyo. Among the special events was the Patriotic Celebration of October 10th in which the college joined with various other organizations in a day of festivities. I n a series of intercollegiate debates the college won second place, the team de­ bating that of the Government University. Some of the students showed good 184 The China Missions

progress in an English Oratorical Contest held at the college. The Glee Club and Choral Society gave three concerts during the year, the proceeds from one going to the College Y. M. C. A.

Peking University Women’s College, Peking. — The college is enjoying its new site but is in great need of a large new dormitory to accommodate the many applying for admission. The tide of students from Government Schools has increased and should not be allowed to flow in other directions. The total enrol­ ment was 41 of whom 34 were boarders. Seven new girls came from Government Normal Schools and one from Techow. At the commencement in June, 8 grad­ uated from the college course and 2 from the kindergarten and scientific course, the largest class ever graduated. For the first time the Faculty and graduates wore caps and gowns. The beautiful singing was a striking feature and there were 2 validictorians, one in Chinese and one in English. During the summer 9 of the graduates were taken on a picnic to the Summer Palace. Music is becoming more and more popular and the Department is self-supporting. All the instruments were purchased by fees received from the students. The Y. W. C. A. is the center of the religious and social life of the College. Ten girls were sent to the Y. W. C. A. conference in the Western Hills. Practically all the students are active in various lines of Christian service.

Peking University Theological College, Peking.— This school is now affiliated with the new Peking University. The work has gone forward quietly along the usual lines. The classroom work was held in Dublin Hall and the buildings of the Methodists Mission with the advantage of having its own chapel exercises. The entering class numbered 9 in the college course and 5 students in the arts’ course taking electives in the College of Theology'. The students will be received in the Theological College after completing the Junior year in the arts’ course, receiving the Bachelor of Arts’ degree for three years’ work and the Master of Divinity for four years. The first need is for a building for dormitory and recitation purposes on the new University site besides scholarships and endowment.

Peking University Medical College, Peking. ■— Under the management of the new Board of Trustees working in co-operation with the China Medical Board the college has had an unusually good year of work. Unfortunately no school report has been received by the American Board. The student body num­ bers nearly 150. Dr. Young is still the Dean of the Faculty. In the hospital 500 treatments were given. A religious director is now assured and it is expected that the religious life of the college will receive increasing emphasis. The latest news is that the corner stone of the new building has been laid.

Bible W om en’s T rain in g School, Peking. — The third year of the training school has proved to be most satisfactory as a union institution. There w ere a little more than 40 students, about half of them from the American Board Mission and the others from the co-operating missions including the Methodist, the Presbytei ¡an and London Missions. The instruction is being given into the hands of the Chinese teachers. Miss Reed of the American Board Mission acted as p r in c ip a l. In the fall a profitable beginning in an advanced course was made, giving two The China Missions

hours of work each day to a number of pupils. Very good work was done in preparation for more thorough work another year. In May a class of 13 graduated from the 3-years' course who were an honor to the school. This was the first class to graduate from the school in its present form. Several of the graduates have since been employed as Bible women while others who have not planned for regular work are extending the influence of the school into their homes.

North China American School, Tunghsien.—Under the instruction of .Misses Baird this school for the children of missionaries has been well attended by children from the 3 missions co-operating, the American Board, the Methodist Episcopal and the Presbyterian. The regular course includes studies given in the upper grammar grades and a complete high-school course including manual training, and domestic science is being gradually added. The age for admission is 8 years. The school is distinctly Christian but entirety non-sectarian. It aims to prepare the boys and girls to enter well advanced in schools in this country.

North China Union Language School, Peking. — The Language School was organized by the missions in Peking in 1913. Five missions assist in its direc­ tion besides the Young Men’s and the Young Women’s Christian Associations. During the academic year 1916-17,94 students studied in the school representing 20 different missions preparing for work in 8 provinces. The general purpose of the school is to give all students a thorough grounding in the elements of the language during the first year and part of the second, but they may obtain credits by further study covering a period altogether of 5 years. The required work covers a great deal more than merely language study, such as sociological and political aspects of the Chinese, the history of science of missions, comparative religion and it is planned to conduct a training course for teachers as well.

Boarding and Middle Schools

Peking. In the Boys’ Schools the year was one of marked advance. The in­ crease in attendance was limited only by the lack of room in the building to receive the students. During the winter term the schools suffered from an epidemic of scarlet fever which was prevalent throughout the city. At one time it was neces­ sary to close school for a week. Each of the two classes of the academy had an enrolment of 30 besides 90 in the three years of the higher elementary grades mak­ ing 150 in all of whom 75 were boarders. In the lowrer elementary school there were 60 boys. In September two students finished tw o years of academic wrork and went to Tunghsien to continue their'studies. These graduates are making high grades in scholarship and are leaders in college activities. The spirit of the school has been excellent with marked interest in athletics. A basketball team did credit to the school, standing third in the league. Under the direction of the Y. M. C. A. tlie students gave a benefit concert for the poor of the neighborhood. The boys from official homes fraternized loyally with those from the country. Statistics show an enrolment of 158 for all grades in the Girls’ Boarding School. No regular report has been received. The prescribed course covers 7 years of work. Two kindergartens are indirectly connected with the school. The Chris­ tian influence of the school is maintained by a strong Y. W. C. A. The China Missions

Tunghsien. — The enrolment in the boys’ school was 70. The Girls’ Boarding School report for 1915 is the last one received. Its enrolment is about 65. The work is similar to that of the Boys’ School. The Y. W. C. A. is an active and efficient organization. Tientsin. — The Boys’ Boarding School at Hsiku is known as “Ju Jen.” The work for the past year was of an even and satisfactory character under an excellent corps of teachers four of whom are Tunghsien graduates. The new ac­ commodations are full to the limit with fifty boarders and thirty or more day pupils. The increased attendance has brought more boys from non-Christian homes and introduced new problems in discipline, especially among the older boys. Six were graduated of whom 3 have gone to Tunghsien. The Christian boys find an excel­ lent opening for service in the large Sunday School of the station and they are very much interested in this work. The Girls’ Boarding School reported an attendance last year of 23. It has been necessary to increase the regular fee, but in spite of this 75 per cent or more met all the expenses of tuition. Paotingfu. — The translation of the Chinese characters for the Boys’ Boarding School mean "Benevolence to all boarding school,” and it is ever drawing a larger number of pupils from non-Christian as well as Christian homes. Of the 53 in attendance 24 were from non-Christian homes. The reasons are that there are few Government schools in the vicinity having a high standard of scholarship es­ pecially in English and mathematics and because parents see more clearly that the standards of character in the mission schools are far higher. Three of the Chinese teachers are graduates of the Union Arts’ College. One of the teachers was sent to the Medical College under an agreement to serve the station in medical and dis­ pensary work at the close of his medical course. Fees collected from the pupils cover all expenses of the Boarding Department and helped materially in meeting current expenses. A class of 9 graduated in June and all went to Tunghsien for the additional two years of academy work preparatory7 to college entrance. The Girls’ Boarding School as well as the day schools suffered in its work be­ cause of a sourge of scarlet fever and diphtheria. There were 45 in the Primary School and 17 in the Grammar School besides 25 in the Kindergarten. Four of the Grammar School graduates have remained to teach in the Primary Schools.

Medical Work H ospital, T un gh sien. — Thje medical work at Tunghsien is now on a sound basis and is increasing in its influence. The staff should be increased to allow for the furlough of the missionary7 doctor as well as to enlarge the scope of the hospital work. One Chinese physician and a medical assistant are on the staff. The hospital has 31 beds. There were 77 in-patients in the hospital and 9,037 treat­ ments were given in the dispensary of whom 2132 were new cases.

SHANTUNG DISTRICT

Boarding and Middle Schools

Tehchow . — The Porter Academy has had a good year of work. 11 is regretted that the regular report is not at hand. There were 79 boys in the two department The China Missions 187

A fine group, 22 in all, were graduated and half of them went to the academy at Tunghsien, to complete their course. The general administration of the school has run smoothly but there is need of better equipped teachers on the staff.

The Grace Wyckoff Memorial School for Girls has no report. The total enrolment is approximately 50.

Lintsing. — The enrolment in the Boys’ School was 25 of whom all but 3 were boarders. Under the careful direction of the Chinese principal the work for the year was most satisfactory. Two in the Senior class made a confession of their faith. As soon as the present plans for enlargement are completed the course will be extended and strengthened. This school makes loans to worthy students in order to encourage them to continue their studies in higher schools. The Girls’ Boarding School reports a very good year. To encourage promptness in attendance a fine was established which increased the attendance at the opening of the school very materially. It was decided to receive no new girls beyond the 35 who entered because of crowded conditions in the school building. For the general exercises they assembled in the main room sitting three in a seat. Gymnastics in the open air are encouraged because exercise is necessary to the health of the girls to keep them from the dread tuberculosis. Three Chinese girls assisted in the teaching. The work of the sewing class where the girls learn to crochet and to make their own garments is most interesting. The special exer­ cises at the close of the school were most unexpectedly given up on account of a fire in the Ladies’ House. The girls assisted in putting it out with the result that they are not in condition for any other work. Four were graduated with the hopes that they would join the school at Tehchou next year. The kindergarten connected with the Girls’ School showed rapid growth during the year. Attendance increased from 24 to 37. More and more the children come from heathen homes and their mothers are naturally interested in the school. Two mothers’ meetings were held. Although from heathen homes, these little ones are learning the meaning of reverence. A fine new building for the kinder­ garten and day school is under construction.

Medical Work

Williams Hospital for Men and Porter Hospital for Women, Tehchow. — The usual full report for this hosptial has not been received. It has been a pros­ perous year particularly in the w’ork in the branch dispensaries. Visits of 5 days were made by the physicians each month in the ten important outstations where dispensaries are located. The hospital is a pioneer in this line of medical work. These branches are feeders for the base hospital at Tehchow. As a work “ on the side,” a large quantity of drugs were prepared for the American Red Cross Com­ mittee and shipped to prison camps in Siberia; 52 cases in one shipment. The nurses’ training class of 15 required a great deal of attention but this instruc­ tional work is well worth while. The nurses in the class were from several pro­ vinces and stations including Lintsing, Tientsin, and Tehchow. The hospital has not been w’ithout patients at any time even during the more recent flood. In the two hospitals 591 patients were treated and the total treat­ i88 The China Missions ments in the 2 large hospital dispensaries were 19,558 of whom 11,149 were new cases. There is a call for another trained missionary nurse. The staff includes besides 2 missionary doctors and the nurse 5 Chinese physicians, 11 Chine;-», nurses. The hospital has 60 beds. The major operations were not reported.

Mission Hospital, Lintsing. — The new Women’s Hospital is one of the finest buildings architecturally in the mission. It was dedicated on December 12, 1916. Military and civil officials presided at the exercises. The men’s ward was built by Chinese contributions at a cost of about $800. A county magistrate was the instigator in raising this money. In view of the expected departure of the missionary doctor there is an urgent call not only for another woman doctor to take her place but for a man who can direct the work and help meet the needs of a population of about 3,000,000. The hospital has won a place for itself in the hearts of all classes of the people and only needs an adequate staff to develop a fine medical work. Full statistics are not in hand. The hospital in-patients were 221 and 3,641 patients received 7,305 treatments in the Dispensary.

SHANSI DISTRICT

Boarding and Middle Schools Oberlin-Shansi Memorial Academy, Taikuhsien. — The new dormitory building of the Academy is not yet erected but it is hoped that it may be under way before another year is over. There 85 boys in the Academy besides 6 in the Pri­ mary school. The attendance will necessarily be limited until the new building is erected. The main activities in the way of athletics are military drill, football, volley ball, and tennis. The Y. M. C. A. is a worthy organization and is a valu­ able help in developing the Christian life of the boys, many of whom take the stand for Christ while in the school.

Girls’ Boarding School, Taikuhsien. — The Girls’ School attempts to do for the girls all that the Academy does for the boys. There is no regular report for attendance or for work of the year. The kindergarten is very popular with the parents. The girls beside their classroom work are taught to do plain sewing, knitting and crocheting.

Atwater Memorial School, Fenchow. — The Boys’ School had an attend­ ance of 60 about half belonging to the Middle School and the others to the two years of the higher Primary School. Lack of dormitory space is the only reason for not completing the Middle School course by the addition of the fourth and last year. The rooms are crowded now to the limits of health and sanitation. When the Middle School is enlarged it will be entirely separated from the lower grades. Because of the lack of the final year in the course many promising boys have had to be turned away. Some of the younger boys have lost hope of being able to complete their education and so have entered the trades. The new school dormitory will accommodate 100 boys at a cost of $6,000. It will be sufficient, however, only for about two years and it is a pity not to be able to plan for larger things. The spirit of the school has been good. Most of the Chinese teachers are local Shansi men. For the first time the English instruction has approached the The China Missions 189 re q u ir e d standards. The number of primary schools in the outlying districts is constantly increasing so that the Middle School has a constant source of supply. The influence of the school is being felt not only in the western part of Shansi but 10 the farthest reaches of the Shensi field as well. The Summer School for Teachers was divided into two classes. In the former were admitted those who had taken successfully the second year’s work and four of the seven received diplomas at the close of the school, having completed the year’s course. The subjects studied all relate to the Bible as the purpose of the course is to insure a thorough knowledge of the most important Christian teach­ ings. Thirteen teachers followed the course beside 7 others who joined for the sake of understanding more of Christian principles.

Lydia Lord Davis School, Fenchow. — Again we regret to report that there is no regular report for this school. The enrolment is about 85 in all grades. The kindergarten is an important department and enrols about 40 children. Training in kindergarten work is given to the older girls. The Y. W. C. A. is the center of the religious life of the school and it exercises a strong influence among the girls.

Medical Work Judson Smith Memorial Hospital and Dispensary, Taikuhsien. -—The medical work of the station is now under the direction of a Committee composed of missionaries and Chinese which has greatly added to its efficiency. The most important event of the year was the building of the Barnes and Hales Wings for women patients. The buildings are very attractive with special rooms for the hospital Bible teacher and others of the staff. The Mark Williams Chapel of the hospital has been a place for many gatherings. One of the Chinese doctors is a circuit rider, spending half his time visiting the outstation medical work. The Chingyuan Dispensary continued in the lead with over a thousand treatments a year. A foundlings’ home on a small scale was begun when four small boys were received and placed in care of families at the expense of the hospital. The hospi­ tal evangelists have been especially earnest in their work. Over a thousand Gos­ pels were sold to the patients and instruction was given to all in-patients in the hospital. Mrs. Arthur H. Smith conducted special evangelistic meetings which were helpful. The new buildings with the accompanying enlargement of the work has increased the running expenses accordingly. The receipts, however, from various sources have been sufficient, but there must be still greater expense if the standard of the care of the patients is raised as it should be. The hospital in-patients were 577 including 119 received for cure of the opium habit; major operations 132, treat­ ments in the branch dispensaries 1,485, treatments in the outpatient dispensary 3,910, making the total treatments 5,395.

Hospital and Dispensary, Fenchow. — This hospital has suffered for another year through lack of adequate buildings, equipment and staff. Materials for the hospital building are to be gathered and it is hoped that the erection of the build­ ings will be*possible in the spring of 1918. Early in the year there was a severe epidemic of scarlet fever and diphtheria in the city. Dr. Watson was heavily The China Missions overworked. He had to telegraph for more antitoxin, but eventually the scourge was overcome. The hospital has been recognized by the Government as a bene­ ficent institution and one-third of the site for the new building has been given the Government. There is a call for at least one American nurse and a doctor. The hospital in-patients were 168, and 3,007 received 6,825 treatments in the Dispensary. Publications On the Mission press 223,468 pages were printed and on other presses 59,200 pages. The China Missions 191

Table of Statistics for 1916

Foochow South China North China Totals

Population of Field . 4,500,00 2,500,00 11,473,800 18,473,800

Number of stations .... 4 2 8 14 Outstations...... 70 33 137 240

Missionaries, total . 58 11 105 175 Ordained...... 13 3 29 45 Physicians and others 9 10 19 Wives ...... 19 3 35 57 Single women...... 17 5 31 53 Special service ... . 4 9 - 13

Native laborers, total . . 390 79 489 958 Ordained preachers . 15 3 5 23 Unordained preachers 61 30 140 231 Teachers ...... 230 35 243 518 Bible-women 58 8 69 135 Other helpers .... 26 3 32 61

Congregations ...... 101 36 104 241 Organized churches. . 71 20 88 179 Communicants . . 2,622 3,354 6,403 12,379 Added, 1916 ...... 231 135 842 1,208 Total Constituency. . 10,502 5,000 15,352 28,854 Sunday Schools .... 61 14 30 105 S. S. Membership 3,487 500 2,895 6,882

Schools, total 112 28 155 295 Theological Schools . 2 1 3 Students .... 19 5 24 Colleges ...... 2 2 4 Students ...... 17 63 80 Secondary or Middle Schools...... 4 11 15 Students ...... 268 487 755 Other schools 115 26 136 277 Students . . . 3,839 266 3,343 7,448 Total students . . 4,805 694 4,156 9,655

H ospitals...... 4 3 7 14 Dispensaries 7 4 5 16 Patients ...... 1,911 20,979 49,831 72,721 Treatments ...... 14,004 68,208 48,197 130,409

Native contributions . . . §39,277.60 $7,650 $19,173.93 $66,101.53 The Japan Mission

Stations:—-Location and Special Work of Missionaries.

Kobe (1870).— Arthur W. Stanford, ordained: General evangelistic work for young men; editor and publisher of Mission News and of Morning Light; business agent of the Mission; secretary and treasurer of the station. Mrs. Jane II. Stanford: Teacher in Woman’s Evangelistic School; Bible teaching; Supervision of Sunday School work among students. Miss Martha J. Barrows: Teaching in Woman’s Evangelistic School; general evangelistic -work. Miss Snsan A. Searle: Teaching in Kobe College. *17 rs. Frances H. Davis: Housekeeper for teachers of Kobe College. Miss AnnieL. Howe: Principal of Glory Kindergarten and Train­ ing School. Miss Gertrude Cozad: General oversight of Woman’s Evangelistic School; touring. Miss Charlotte DeForest: Principal of Kobe College. Miss Olive S. Hoyt: Teacher in Kobe College and College treasurer. Miss Nellie L. Rupert: College work; English Bible classes. Miss Grace H. Stowe: Teaching in Kobe College. Miss Mary E. Stowe: Teaching in Kobe College. Miss Katherine F. Fanning: Kindergartner.

Osaka (1872) . — George Allchin, ordained: General charge of station and evangelistic work. Miss Amy E. MeKowan: Teaching in Baikwa Girls’ School.

K yoto (1875). — Dwight W. Learned, D. D., ordained: Professor of Church History', Biblical Theology' and Greek in the Doshisha; member of committee on revision of Bible translation into Japanese; treasurer of the station. Mrs. Flor­ ence H. Learned: In charge of the Imadegawa Kindergarten. Otis Cary, D. D ordained: Teacher in Doshisha Theological Seminary; evangelistic work; sec­ retary of the Mission. Mrs. Ellen E. Cary: Teaching in Doshisha Girls’ School: work for women and children. Morton D. Dunning, ordained: Educational work in Doshisha. Mrs. Mary W. Dunning. Frank A. Lombard, ordained: Professor in the Doshisha. Mrs. Alice W. Lombard: Sunday School and Church work. Edward S. Cobb, ordained: Professor in Theological Department of the Doshisha; treasurer of the Mission. Mrs. Florence B. Cobb: Sunday School work. Dana I Grover: Professor of English in Doshisha. Mrs. Charlotte W. Grover: Teaching missionaries’ children. Mrs. Agnes D. Gordon: In charge of Airin Kindergarten. Jam es M. Hess, ordained: Language study; instructor in Doshisha. Mrs. Mil­ dred W. Hess, ordained : Language study; teacher in Doshjsha. *!//.'■ Madeline C. Waterhouse; Miss Alice Cary: Teachers in Doshisha Girls’ School.

O kayam a (1879). — Miss M aryE. Wainwright: Work for women, students and soldiers. Miss Alice P. Adams: In charge of primary school, dispensary, sewint; school and day nursery at Hanabatake.

Residing at Tsuyama. — Schuyler S. White, ordained: In charge of genera! and evangelistic work. 192 Japan Mission 193

Niigata (1883). —

Sendai (1868). — Miss Annie H. Bradshaw. Work for students in Bible Class and personal work; Y. M. C. A. work.

Maebashi (1888).— Hilton Pedley, D. D., ordained: General station work. Mrs. Martha J . Pedley. Work for women. Miss FannyE. Griswold: Educational and evangelistic work.

Tokyo (1890).— James H. Peltee, D. D., ordained: Representative of Mis­ sion’s interests at Capitol; general evangelistic work; treasurer of the station. Mts. Belle W. Pettee: Work for women. Kenneth S. Beam, ordained: Florence M.Beam: Language study, and English teaching. Frank Cary, ordained: Mrs. Rosamond B. Cary. Language study and Bible classes. Sherwood F. Moran, or­ dained: Mrs. Ursul R. Moran: Language study and Bible classes. Miss Sarah M. Field: Miss Edith Husted: Language study.

Tottori (1890). — MarionE. Hall, ordained: In charge of the station; evangel­ istic and educational work; treasurer of the station. Mrs. Marjorie W. Hall: Kindergarten administration and work for women and girls. Estella L. Coe: General evangelistic work.

M iyazaki (1891). — Cyrus A. Clark, ordained: General evangelistic work and touring. HarrietG. Clark: Educational and evangelistic work. Charles M. War­ ren, ordained: General evangelistic work; treasurer of the station. Mrs. Cora K. Warren: In charge of kindergarten and work for women.

Sapporo (1895).—George M. Rowland, D. D., ordained: General evangelistic work; treasurer of the station. Mrs. Helen A. Rowland: Work for women and children. Mrs. Adelaide Daughaday: Educational and evangelistic work.

Residing at Otaru. -— Jerome C. Holmes, ordained: General evangelistic work and touring. Mrs. JennieE. Holmes: Work for women.

M atsuy am a (1897). — HoratioB. Newell, D. D., ordained: General evangelis­ tic work of the station. Mrs. Jane C. Newell: Work for women and girls. Miss H. Frances Parmelee: Educational and evangelistic work. Miss Cornelia Judson: Principal of Girls’ School and Night School.

On furlough. — Henry J . Bennett, ordained; Mrs. Anna J . Bennett; Mrs. elite S. Allchin; C. Burnell Olds, ordained; Genevieve D . Olds; WilliamL. Curtis, ordained; Mrs. Grace L. Curtis; Mrs. Ida M. White; Miss Edith Curtis; Miss Mary F. Denton; Miss Elizabeth Ward.

Associated with the Mission, not under appointment. — (Kyoto) M iss MaryE. Burton, teacher in Doshisha Girls’ School; (Kobe) Miss Ida S. Harrison, u:acher of music in Kobe College. (Osaka) Miss Agnes M. Allchin, teacher in Haikwa Girls’ School. 194 Japan Mission

Those who arrived during the year for furlough were Mr. and Mrs. Bennet :. Mrs. Allchin, Miss Ward and Mr. and Mrs. Olds, all except the Bennetts taking a:i early furlough for health reasons. Mr. and Mrs. Lombard hope to leave for their furlough at the close of the college year in June. Mrs. Dunning returnc-cl with Mr. Dunning to Japan during the summer and they are making their home i: Kobe while he is teaching in Doshisha. Dr. and Mrs. Pedley have resumed then work in Maebashi. Mr. and Mrs. Grover at last overcame the health difficulties preventing their return and are now back in Doshisha. Mrs. Learned had eigh i months in America for health reasons and is now in Kyoto again. Miss McKowan has returned to Kobe and Miss Husted is in Tokyo. The new missionaries are. Rev. Kenneth Beam and Miss Sarah M. Field who are studying in the Language School in Tokyo. Miss Alice Cary who had previously helped in the Mission has been adopted by the Woman’s Board of Boston. Among the changes in lo­ cation to be noted are the following: Miss Hoyt from Matsuyama to Kobe; Miss Fanning from Maebashi to Kobe; Miss Waterhouse from Tottori to Kyoto. Mr. and Mrs. Hall have been assigned to the Tottori station having completed two years of study in the Language School. Japan Mission 195

THE JAPAN MISSION Introductory

In recognition of this inter-mission, international relationship, let us note a few of the multitude of materials that makeup the frame­ work of our Japan Mission’s history during the year known as Taisho go nen, or more commonly 1916: The continuation of the war with its awful horrors, its countless sufferings, its dastardly in­ humanities, its increasing bitterness, its heroic accomplishments, and for Japan as well as America, its enormous temporary profits;

The Snows as seen from Nikko

the installation of the Crown Prince; the change of Cabinets, Marquis Okuma, Japan’s still vigorous Old Man, giving place to the conservative, but hardly reactionary, bureaucrat, Count I'erauchi; the putting into operation of the new Factory Act, though with many exemptions; the Economic Conference in Pe.ris, with Baron Sakatani’s experiences in connection with his trip to attend it ; the third year of Kyodo Dendo (Union Evangelistic Campaign); tite remarkable tours of Mr. Paul Kanamori and the Kumiai Evangelistic Band; the opening of the \Ym. Booth Memorial luberculosis Sanatorium in a suburb of Tokyo; the Tobita License citation in Osaka; the Centennial of the American Bible Society; 196 Japan Mission

the reorganization of Tokyo Union Church under the efficient leadership of Dr. and Mrs. Doremus Scudder; the first season of the Karuizawa Training School for Sunday School workers; and the visit to Japan of the Russian Grand Duke George Michaelowitch, Cardinal Guiseppe Petrelli, the Papal Legate to the Emperor, the Indian poet Tagore, Prof. Wm. Adams Brown of Union Seminary. Rev. Dr. and Mrs. F. E. Clark “of Boston and the rest of thii> planet,” Sec. and Mrs. E. L. Smith, Mr. and Mrs. F. H. Warner of New York, Dean and Mrs. Brewer and Dwight Goddard of Alabama and Michigan.

Matters Evangelistic and General 1. Kobe Station Mr. Stanford’s Sunday afternoon Bible Class, one of the features of that great city, “has shown a better average attendance than ever before, 22 and a fraction.” WTio the fraction is we do not know, as each member always appears to be “all there.” It con­ tinues to be an international class. The Chinese members have or­ ganized a club for their nationals, rented a centrally located house, opened a night school in which Miss Rupert teaches, and imported from Canton a Christian Chinese to be its principal. The death in June at the age of 70, of Rev. Shunkichi Murakami, the station evangelist at Suma, removes the oldest pastor in the Kumiai ranks, a samurai of the Odawara clan, later adopted into the Sanda clan, who, after becoming a Christian, gave up a doctor’s and soldier’s career at much personal sacrifice, and entered the Chris­ tian ministry. As evangelist, editor, personal assistant, and preach­ er he has never wavered in faithfulness of service or loyalty to the Mission. During the stormy times of the nineties, when close association with foreigners was anything but popular in Japan, he stood by all his contracts and quietly suffered reproach for the Kingdom cf Righteousness’ sake. We do well to enshrine him in our memories along with Xeesima, Sawayama, Iwamura and others who never counted the cost to themselves of right doing in their dealings with foreigners. The business agency has had the busiest year of its existence owing to war conditions, congested traffic and much business for our missionaries in other countries. The urgent need existing for a telephone in Mr. Stanford’s office has been pressed home upon him and others with increasing force. Japan Mission 197

2. Osaka Forty years ago there were two Kumiai churches with 45 members in that great city. At the close of 1916 one of these two had over 1,000 members and there were in all six Kumiai churches with a total membership of 2,350, which is more than half the entire mem­ bership of the 34 Protestant churches in the city. Mr. Allchin in his report calls special attention to No. 5 of these Kumiai churches, “Twenty years ago Kujo was a village in the midst of a wide region of rice fields on the outskirts of the city. A Sunday-school and preach­ ing service was started in a small Japanese house, and for ten years the work was continued in this place with small and varying results. In the meantime as was anticipated the region had been built up and the rent had become excessive. The region had been taken into the city and had become a crowded thoroughfare. The necessity for a change of plan in order to save the large monthly outlay for rent gave birth to the Evangelistic Loan Fund. Eleven years ago $2,500 was received from the Board and the larger part of it was used in purchasing land for a church building in Kujo. The Osaka station and the church together have paid by monthly installments the whole of the loan, and the church in addition has paid to the Mission, 1,800 yen for the purchase of the property. The Christians who numbered only 30 at the end of the first decade increased to 260 during the second decade. During this latter period they have made two additions to the building at their own expense and become entirely self-supporting. Next July they pass from the Mission group of preaching places to be numbered with the Kumiai churches. The benefit to this one church alone (not to mention six other places in the Mission) of the timely aid of a Loan Fund calls for special mention in this connection. The fund started with $2,500 and its total capital (if the whole sum were paid in) amounts to about 8,000 yen yielding a yearly income by monthly payments in lieu of rent of about 75 yen a year. As the capital is in use all the t me the income is inadequate for the erecting of churches in the larger cities. The fund should be increased.

3. Kyoto To lead in the work of fostering a vital religious experience among the students of Doshisha, Rev. S. Abe was called from Okayama to the pastorate of Doshisha church. In October, after a short series of special meetings by Evangelist Kimura, over 150 students ac­ ig8 Japan Mission

cepted Jesus Christ. Many of the older Christian students, both young men and young women, engage in definite and regular work in churches or chapels, Sunday schools and kindergartens. At Nishijin chapel as the result of special work by Messrs. Abe, Kimura, and Aoki, 22 persons decided to follow Christ. Mr. Kimura urged the Christians to erect a church home. Eight laymen at once subscribed 1,260 yen to be paid in monthly installments during three years. Other pledges were secured later, sufficient, it is be­ lieved, to pay for the building. In December land was-purchased in the name of the Mission Shadan, with funds from the Evan­ gelistic Loan Fund. The average attendance in the Sunday school is now over 100 and frequently 140 are present.

4. Okayama-Tsuyama After twelve years of waiting and working by-the station evangel­ ist, Mr. Onoda, assisted by the missionaries, Tamashima church in M ay last assumed independence with a membership of 81. Evan­ gelists Kimura, Abe and Aoki held a full five weeks campaign in the prefecture, securing the names of 1710 inquirers. Of these 254 have up to the present time received baptism Ten of the thirteen churches in this field are now supplied with pastors or evangelists. Sunday-school work is flourishing. At the Kokubu (North End) church in Okayama the woman’s society is working hard to pay off the church debt. Miss Wainwright’s family prayers have grown into a neighborhood daily meeting for Bible study 5. Niigata Relatively speaking 1916 was a good year in the history of reli­ gious work in Echigo. The gospel has had a wide hearing and all the churches with one exception were stronger at the close of the year than they were at the beginning. One province-wide evangelistic campaign was carried out, conducted by the evangelistic trio al­ ready referred to. It extended over three weeks and resulted in 259 professed decisions. Later in the same month, October. Mr. Kanamori in Niigata alone secured 210 signatures and there were two other lesser campaigns earlier in the year. Gosen church was organized or reorganized in January with 17 members and there have been 27 additions. A fine church building has been erected with parsonage attached and been paid for entirely by their own efforts. It was dedicated October 17th. Japan Mission 199

Mr. Olds further reports that during the two years since the starting of the Mission Loan Library, 500 applications for books have been filled. Each month over 100 readers have been reached. The new lantern has done good service in a number of special meet­ ings. A neighborhood family recreation club organized this year, has widened acquaintance and influence among officials and other prominent people Niigata church now entirely indepen­ dent of the Mission, financially speaking, has received 44 new mem­ bers by baptism.

6. Sendai Sendai church suffered from the loss by removal of several of its prominent members to other cities. In a number of outstations the work has gone backward through lack of leaders. Miss Bradshaw nas continued to make her house a center of much activity in work for students, children and women, holding nine or ten Bible classes a week, besides all sorts of special meetings. She has also made a large number of calls in the city and done as much touring as funds and strength permitted.

7. Matsuyama There are seven churches and one chapel aided by the Mission, with a total membership of 302. The latest to enter the group is Sakaide, which was organized November 8th, at which time it formally separated from Marugame.

8. Tottori The pastor, by his fair attitude of mind, ability to keep his temper and general sweetness of spirit, has succeeded in harmonizing various troublesome elements in Tottori church. The Sunday School is unusually prosperous and the church calendar, which is copied on the mimeograph and distributed every Sunday, is largely filled with notices of Bible classes.

9. Miyazaki The outstanding features have been the completion of the rail­ road to Miyazaki, the five weeks tour by Messrs. Kimura, Abe and Aoki, with nearly 1,000 signatures secured, the Kyodo Dendo meetings (Three Years United Evangelistic Campaign for all 200 Japan Mission

Japan), the summer conference for young men, and the automobile tours by Mr. Clark and his associates, aggregating 3,000 miles of travel. The auto servad as pulpit and the meetings lasted perhaps an hour. From six to ten such could be held in a day, weather per­ mitting. The record number held in one month was 116, involving about 500 miles of travel. The plan is to get over the whole region about once a month. Some 75 towns are visited on an average.

New .Kindergarten at Miyazaki

The same amount of travel by basha (coach) by the same number of people would have cost over 130 yen more than with the auto simply for travel. Moreover there is a large saving in hotel bills. That Ford machine is certainly well named Fukuin Jidosha (Gospel Automobile). 10. Maebashi Mrs. J. C. Francke, of Boston, rendered much assistance in the line of English teaching, even visiting one of the outstations weekly, to attend a Bible class. Very interesting has been the work among boys. A large number of these have been baptized and are coming forward to take their place in the church life, to the manifest de­ light of all. Japan Mission 201

11, Hokkaido This has once more become a double station with the Rowlands and Miss Daughaday residing in Sapporo and the Holmeses in Otaru. During the latter part of August and first of September Mr. Kimura made a whirlwind campaign through Hokkaido. Following hard on him came Paul Kanamori, who, during his six weeks’ work, in­ duced more than 2,750 persons to sign the decision cards. Sapporo church celebrated during the summer the twentieth anniversary of its organization and in connection therewith decided to send its pastor for a year’s travel and study in America and Europe at the close of the war. This church received 137 new members during 1916, of whom 10 were by letter and 127 by baptism. For half a score of years, or more, members of the station have been endeavoring to raise the standard of the musical part of Sunday- school and church work and worship. In Sapporo city a Choral Society has done some creditable work, and from time to time has given concerts of sacred music. At Christmas tide a year ago there was a Sunday evening service of song in which the several congrega­ tions united and at which a union choir rendered the Christmas Cantata arranged by Rev. Frank S. Scudder,and Handel’s Hallelujah Chorus with Japanese words set for the occasion. Last Christmas again a similar service was enjoyed at which a union choir of about fifty voices rendered with much appreciation Joseph Mohr’s hymn, "Holy Night,” a Christmas Cantata in three movements, composed for the occasion by Mr. Paul Rowland, and repeated the Hallelujah Chorus. As a result in part of some persistence at this and similar chorus work, the riches and power of sacred song are becoming more and more appreciated in all the Sunday Schools, the churches and in the homes.

12. Tokyo This station originally opened for afew months in 1869, and again in 1890, is once more a full fledged center of various missionary ac­ tivities. Tokyo is now the third largest city in the world, is growing faster than any other place in Japan, with possibly one exception, Kobe, and is the capital where almost every movement of import­ ance heads up. The religious forces are far from adequate and as in the other stations already reported, our Mission has large respon­ sibilities and promising outlooks. 202 Japan Mission

There appears practically no end in Tokyo to the opportunities for helpful work in inter-mission and international forms of service. Some of the more important of these have to do with the Christian Literature Society, the Grammar School for foreign children, Tokyo Union Church, Christian Endeavor, Doshisha University and Oka­ yama Orphanage Tokyo interests, the Japan Evangelist, Tokyo Women’s Club, the Japan Book and Tract Society, Union Evangel­ istic work and the recently formed Charities Association of Tokyo Fu. Members of the station and Mr. Sawaya have rendered con­ siderable service of one sort or another to the ten Kumiai churches and chapels in Tokyo and vicinity. But the station is most pleased to report that on October 22nd, it opened a Sunday School of its own, at No. 41 Ipponmatsu Clio, Azabu, not far from the mission residence, to which it has given the ambitious name of Jonan, South of the Castle. There is an average attendance of some 85 children.

National Evangelistic Campaign The 1917 Report of the Conference of Federated Missions of Japan gives a resume of the three-years evangelistic campaign conducted by all Boards and churches in Japan since 1913. “Few,” it says, will dispute the statement that this has been a great campaign for duration, extent of territory covered, international unity, number of persons actively engaged as speakers, helpers and committee men; for zeal, sacrifice of time, contributions, number of meetings, attend­ ance, number of inquirers, variety of methods and classes reached there has been nothing to compare with this Movement in the sixty yeirs of the history of Protestant missions in Japan.” The operations of the campaign have been in charge of a large and representative committee of Japanese laymen and missionaries. The work has been in progress in some part of Japan almost continu­ ously since the spring of 1914. Practically the whole Empire has been covered; many parts having been visited twice and some often- er. The aim has been to reach and strengthen every Christian com­ munity in the Empire and to make it more effective in the work of propagating the Gospel among those who are without Christ. Mis­ sionaries and Japanese Christian leaders as well as the different denominations of Christians have been brought into clcse fellowship and co-operation through this Movement. Probably 90% of the Christian forces have in one way or another taken part in the cam- Japan Mission 203 paign. Busy men — pastors of large churches, laymen and mis­ sionaries — all of them with work enough of their own to fill all their available time, have devoted weeks and in some cases months of strenuous effort in committee meetings and preaching tours, without compensation. There has been very little paid labor in connection with the Movement. Considering the amount of work done, the thousands of miles traveled by large numbers of speakers, the neces­ sary advertising, the rent of halls, the expense of entertainment, the

The Portal to the Kasuba Shrine, Nera, Japan total expenditure is an exceedingly moxlest amount — $25,000. Compare this with a Billy Sunday campaign of six weeks in a single American city, and there is no question that the three years work over the entire Empire has been financed in a most economical manner. Complete statistics are not yet at hand, but it is safe to say that the number of meetings held amounted to nearly 3,300, that the attendance was considerably over 600,000, and that the "Inquirers” numbered over 21,000. How to take care of these inquirers is one of the questions now occupying the minds of the leaders. So, as the Christian Movement points out, “The Campaign has 204 Japan Mission

stirred the Christian Church in Japan to new life and has broughi it a sense of unity and power. It can never be the same in the future as it has been in the past. The success of the Movement of the last three years will give the chunh faith to undertake similar move­ ments in the future. * * * The Campaign on the whole has been a great one— great in its influence on the church and on the nation; great in its actual results and in its promise for the future — and wc may well be thankful for what we have seen and heard during these three years, and take courage as we look forward into the future.”

The Deputation The Japan Mission has repeatedly urged that a deputation be sent by the Prudential Committee to look into the work in Japan in all its departments and relationships, consult with the Mission, and aid them in reaching the best possible conclusion as to policy and method of work. During the year the Prudential Comnrttee have decided to send such a deputation, and have appointed John C. Berry, M. D., for 21 years a member of the Japan Mission, now an active physi­ cian at Worcester, Mass., and a member of the Prudential Commit­ tee; President James A. Blaisdell, of Pomona College, Claremont, California, a Corporate Member of the Board, and deeply inter­ ested in mission work in the Far East and in close relations with missions and missionaries; and Secretary Enoch F. Bell, who for some years was a missionary of the American Board in Japan and since his occupancy of the secretarial position has been in close cor­ respondence with the Missions. The Deputation expects to sail in January, beginning their work in Japan together in February. The plan contemplates a visit to every station of the Mission, and the fullest and freest conference with the missionaries of our own Board as well as with the missionaries of other Boards and with the leading Japanese Christian workers. After visiting all the stations of the Mission of the American Board, from the Hokkaido on the north to Kiushiu on the south, they will meet with the entire Mis­ sion in May and there discuss together all questions bearing upon mission work. There are several important questions which will demand the especial attention of this Deputation. One of those is the relation of the American Board Mission in Japan to the work of the Kurniai Churches in Korea. The Kumiai Churches have devel­ oped a large work in Korea and the request has been made that the American Board Mission should send one of its experienced mission­ Japan Mission 205 aries into Korea to aid in the development and promotion of that work. A question of comity is here raised and will need to be settled and discussed by the Deputation and the Mission. Another question is the relation of the Christian churches in Japan to the work begun by the American Board in the Marshall Islands but now under the Japanese flag. A deputation of Christian Japanese visited the Marshall Islands during the year, and thus the Kumiai churches have become interested in that work. If the islands are to remain under the Japanese flag it will be an interesting question to know how far and in what way the Kumiai Churches in Japan will turn their attention and effort in the direction of Christianizing the people of these islands, in co-operation with the American Board. Other questions, like that of the emphasis to be placed upon evangelism, the responsibility of the American Board in Japan, the number and location of the stations which the American Board should sustain, co-opcration between the missionaries of the American Board and the Kumiai Churches and their leaders, a single Christian university for Japan and the relation of such university to Doshisha, and many other questions of this character will necessarily come before the Deputation for their consideration. It is an interesting fact that this Deputation is not sent out to settle any quarrels or to heal any breaches between the missionaries or between the missionaries and the Japanese leaders; they go at a time when there is the heartiest co-operation, but when owing to the new conditions that are sweeping over Japan as well as over other countries of the world the Mission must take note of the changed conditions and needs and decide where and how supreme emphasis should be placed in order to enable the Mission and the Christian forces in Japan to meet the immediate demands of the situation.

Institutions of the Japan Mission

Kobe College (1875). ■— Kobe College which is located on the hillside over­ looking Kobe Harbor was founded by the Woman’s Board of Missions of the Interior. Its purpose is by means of a Christian education to train girls and young women through a harmonious development of body, mind and spirit and to equip them for useful lives of service to God and their fellowmen. The college course consists of 4 years, and the academy 5 years. Two courses are given in the music department and there is a special English course of 2 years given to the graduates of girls’ high schools with less English than is given in the academy course. Singing is required of all students in the academy and music is an elective 20Ö Japan Mission

open to all college students. Besides the music in the course, Bible study, gym­ nastics and English are required. The college life is organized on a student self-government basis, including a ; the pupils in the school. Moreover, in the dormitories each room has an upper class girl as its head who is responsible to the head matron. The college life is enriched by the Christian Endeavor, the Y. W. C. A., the Literary Society, and a branch of the Young Men’s Christian Temperance Union. There has been in creased efficiency in the administration of the college. More systematic methods of keeping records and more frequent conferences for the teachers have been held. The college has endeavored to supervise more carefully the daily life of the pupils, selecting the moving picture shows which they see and encouraging them in the line of good reading. An attempt has been made to adopt the curriculum more closely to the actual attainments of the pupils. The college has had a strict “diploma grade” rule which has meant the survival of the fittest in the upper classes. The require­ ments have been made more elastic. An experiment in practical housekeeping was tried by the members of the academy graduating course for a month, but did not prove very satisfactory. No new courses were offered for the year. The typewriting course maintained its popularity although it was not broadened into a full business course. A two years’ household science course to be entered from the high school has been prepared. It will doubtless meet a real need. The teaching force has consisted of 15 full time and 11 part time Japanese teachers and 7 missionaries. The total enrolment was 315 with an average at­ tendance of 293. This is the largest number in the history of the school and represents an increase of 22 over the preceding year. The number of Christians in Faculty and student bod}' was 360 of whom 53 were added to the communi­ cants during the year. The great social event already referred to in the last report was the belated cele­ bration in March of the 49th anniversary of the Institution with the inauguration of the new principal and the conferring of the title of “principal emeritus” on M iss Searle. Among the features at the anniversary- were the reception, alumnae day an historical pageant, and writing of the history of the School for distribution. About 150 alumnae returned with great enthusiasm shown in the launching of a 3-year campaign for raising a Y30,000 endowment fund for the College. The Alumnae association is hard at work raising this endowment. The association contains 500 graduates of whom 62 are from the College Department. On the occasion of the visit of Dr. and Mrs. F. E. Clark a reception was given them at the College at which many Christian workers from the city were preseni. In the early autumn social activities were suspended because of the presence of cholera, but by the end of October the danger was over. The students were greatly interested in the celebration of the Emperor’s birthday. The 3 Christian girls schools of Central Japan connected with the Board, The Doshisha, Baikwa and Kobe College have been drawn closely together through a conference of repre­ sentatives. The students have shown their sympathy for the Belgians and also for the Armenian sufferers by special gifts. One of the most outstanding features is the growth of the religious spirit. Sta­ tistics show a gratifying increase in the pronounced Christian element in the school. For the first time in 13 years all the regular teachers are professed Christians Japan Mission 207

;\ early half of the Academy students come from homes in which there is at least one Christian. This shows the effect of the Christian schools for the second gen­ eration of Christians are now entering the student ranks. The Three-Year Na­ tional Evangelistic Campaign came to Kobe and the students took a generous part particularly in musical lines. The Christian Endeavor Society for the lower classes and the Y. W. C. A. among the older students furnished excellent oppor­ tunity for religious effort. Sunday School work h,as occupied an unusual number. There are 3 schools with 124 pupils under the entire supervision of the College besides other schools in the churches. It is impossible not to take a look forward. There is an imperative need for a gymnasium, the present arrangements being quite unsatisfactory. There is a demand also for equipment for the Household Science Course which may be given in 1918. The growth of Kobe as a commercial center will doubtless compel the College to offer full courses in business methods. The College has long since passed the experimental stage and has proved its right to exist as an educational force and as an effective evangelistic enterprise.

Glory Kindergarten and Training School (1889). — Miss Howe recounts some of the things accomplished since its opening 28 years ago. The number of graduates from the Training School is 119 and from the Kindergarten 675 children. There are today 31 students in the Training School a fourfold increase during the last 2 years. In the Kindergarten there are 64 children with a long waiting list. The graduates of the Training School are in charge of 32 Kindergartens having contact with 1,441 children and through them as many homes. Five honor certificates or medals have been granted to some of these graduates. This one Christian Kindergarten in 1886 has become 166 in 1916. It has demonstrated its great value as an evangelistic agency. Noted educators have taken cognizance of the effectiveness of this kind of educational work and are introducing it into the Government schools. The future of the Training School is assured because of the ever increasing demand for trained kindergartners.

The Women’s Envangelistic School, Kobe (1884).— The total enrol­ ment of 30 included 5 who w ere graduated in June and 10 wrho entered in Septem­ ber. The average attendance was 20. The pupils were more evenly graded than formerly. One term has been added to the curriculum in order to give the grad­ uates more training in playing the organ and leading singing, so essential in their future w^ork. The course now includes 3 full years of study and half a year of practical field work. The graduates now number 100. The 5 latest graduates have taken places of responsibility in Hokkaido, Formosa and Honolulu. The students conduct an open air Sunday School in one of the poorest locali­ ties of the city. There are w ithin a radius of 10 miles, 12 Kumiai Sunday Schools and of these 4 are wholly conducted by pupils of the Evangelistic School. An absolutely newr wrork has been started at Shioya among the fisher-farmer people.

Airin (Soai) Kindergarten, Kyoto (1892). — With the return of Mrs. Gor­ don to Kyoto the wTork of the Kindergarten w'as resumed enthusiastically and a year of good work has been done although without special features. The total enrolment is about 50. 2o8 Japan Mission

Imadegawa Kindergarten, Kyoto (1896).— The total enrolment is about 60 and the teaching staff includes one foreign and 3 Japanese teachers. Mrs Learned who was on furlough has returned in time to superintend the rebuilding of the school made necessary by the widening of the street. Many changes and improvements in the building will be introduced.

Seishin Kindergarten, Maebashi. — The enrolment is the same as for last year, 60, with many other applicants for admission. Through its thorough or­ ganization and Christian spirit the Kindergarten is exercising a far-reaching in­ fluence. Instruction is entirely under the control of the Japanese although the missionary wives assist to some extent.

Kyoia Girls’ School, Maebashi. — The Girls’ School enrolled a few o v e r a hundred. The upper class has a larger percentage of professed Christians than for many years. All the students are earnest in their Bible study and in their desire to know the truth. Twenty-nine were graduated in the spring from the regular department besides a number from the Sewing School. Although not as fully equipped as Government Schools of the same grade, the graduates of th is mission school are holding their own with the Government school graduates.

The Girls’ School, Matsuyama (1886).— The total number of pupils was 149 and the graduates 28. At the end of the year there were 24 Christians and 32 candidates for baptism. One father after a long refusal to allow his daughter to be baptized finally came to the school to announce his consent. The Christian Endeavor Society numbers 104. Teachers and students maintain the Matsuya­ ma church Sunday School and the Night School Sunday School with their 400 pupils.

Night School, M atsuyama (1891). — The total enrolment for the year was 154 with 36 graduates. One hundred new students wTere admitted and there were 10 baptisms. Two valued teachers, former students of the school were expect cd shortly to study in the Doshisha Theological Seminary. The monthly meetings of the Y. M. C. A. and the Junior Christian Societ y were enthusiastically attended. Eight of the students have been studying in the Government Day school and all are in the honor division in their classes. Pupils from the Night School hold im­ portant places in Government offices and business houses and all are exercising a strong Christian influence.

Dojokan Night School, Matsuyama. — The Dojokan Night School va? recognized by the educational authorities of this city in 1910. The 20 pupils are all girls in residence who are engaged in industrial work during the day. The aim of the school is to provide two hours of instruction each night to these weaver girls, and to give them a moral and spiritual uplift for their life work.

Dojokan Kindergarten, M atsuyam a.— This Kindergarten was started ir 1915 as a day nursery. It has had a good development and in December dedi­ cated a fine new building, a memorial to M r. Cozad. The attendance has in c r e a s e d from 35 to 50 with a graduating class of 15. Japan Mission 209

The Working Girls’ Home, M atsuyama (1901). — The idea of the Home is to provide a safe and comfortable residence for girls who during the day are en­ gaged in the industrial plants in the city. About 20 girls have been in residence. Xh.e increased price of dye stuffs, the attraction of better wages in bigger fac­ tories and the decrease in gifts from abroad have lessened the attendance and caused many financial difficulties. The work, however, has continued and its Christian influence has been helpful to the girls through thje regular Bible classes and the church which they frequently attend.

Davis Memorial Kindergarten, Miyazaki (1909). — The attendance for the year was 36, a falling off from previous records. The reason the Kindergarten d o es not grow more rapidly is probably because of its distinct Christian character. It is exerting a strong Christian influence on the children and through them on the homes from which they come.

The School Girls’ Home, Miyazaki. — It was a most satisfactory year from the standpoint of character building. All the girls but one decided for Christ and those under instruction were admitted to the church. The year closed w'ith 23 girls in the Home. It is really a dormitory for Government school girls. Most of them gladly attend the religious serv ices and the dormitory life affords splendid opportunity for wining them for the higher things.

Boys’ H ostel, M iyazaki. ■—This is the second year for the Hostel which is a department of the educational system in the mission. It is a dormitory for middle school students and the regular quota is 16. Thp missionaries find in their touring of the province that the families of those who are cared for in the Hostel are most ready to listen to the Christian message.

Iianabatake, Okayama. — This work was founded and is still directed by Miss Adams. The two principle events of the year were her return from furlough with restored health and the 25th anniversary' of the founding of the work. Both were of unusual interest to the people in the city. In the 25 years, 50 have been baptized. Of these 50, one is now pastor of a church, one a Bible woman, 2 are nurses and several are Christian business men. A day nursery which was closed for 3 months for repairs was opened again with an excellent response. The rooms are full every day; 30 only can be accommodated. The standing of the dispensary is excellent and it had more patients than ever before. The Hanabatake sewing school was founded in 1896 and has an enrolment of about 40. Besides the sewing regular instruction is given in nursing, cooking, reading and writing.

Baikwa Girls’ School, Osaka (1878). — A change in the statue of the school by which it was made to conform with Government requirements has apparently been most satisfactory. The attendance has increased. The teachers have be­ come more and more interested in their work. The difficulties in the line of Chris­ tian effort are greater. On the other hand there seems to be a larger opening for work in the homes of the students. The emphasis is more upon the individual 210 Japan Mission

contact between the teacher and the pupil. The school has grown spiritual and there is an increase in the percentage of Christians in the several classes. The last reports received show that there were over 100 in the entering cl

Aishin Kindergarten, Tottori (1906). — The enrolment was 60 with 3 Jap­ anese teachers on the Faculty. This Kindergarten in company with the other Mission Kindergartens has done good work and is greatly appreciated by the community. It is natural for most of the children to find their way into the Mission Sunday School. A smaller kindergarten at Hamasaki has proved successful in breaking down opposition and has opened the way for the work of the evangelist.

DOSHISHA UNIVERSITY, KYOTO

Among the significant events for the year was a gift by the Imperial Household of one of the fine structures erected in the Royal Enclosure for use at the time of coronation ceremonies in 1915. The building was taken apart and re-erected on the college campus as a gymnasium. This building meets a long felt need. Near it has been erected a stack hall for rifles and other athletic equipment. An­ other hall for the political-economic and literary' department has also been com­ pleted. The University Departments of Doshisha which were opened in 1912 graduated their first classes in June 1916, 52 students in all. The need for post­ graduate courses is already recognized, and plans must be made for the develop­ ment of the University in accord wTith the demands of the times. The general increase in educational interest and the growing reputation of Dosh­ isha throughout Japan have increased greatly the number of applications for ad­ mission to the Academy and it has been necessary to hold selective examinations. The total number in the entering class in all departments was 548 and the total, graduates 183. For the first time in the history of the college the graduates of the English section of the Literary Department have been eligible for government license as teachers of middle schools. The total number of graduates from the Men’s Department since the beginning is 1,792 and of the Women’s Department 509. The total enrolment was as follows: University ..... 641 A cadem y ...... 762 Girls’ School...... 316

T o t a l...... 1,719 The Faculty from the President down to the office clerks numbered 119. The moral and religious life of the students is receiving increased attention. For a number of years there has been a growing need for a school chaplain and the Japan Mission 211 ollege was fortunate in the one selected. Heacts not only as college pastor but as superintendent of the Sunday School and lectures on religious and ethical topics. The Students’ Association includes all those in the men’s department which is . iivided into two sections; one for the Academy and the other for the University. These are further divided into Societies for athletics, oratory', English and music. Looking back over 10 years President Harada finds many evidences of progress. The students w'ho numbered 568 in 1906 increased to over 1,000 and the grad­ uates from 62 to 184. The property was then valued at Y376,345 and is now V 1,260,461. The volume in the library increased from 25,455 to 37,352. This progress was possible through the hearty co-operation of the mission boards in­ terested and students, faculty, and graduates. The call is to press forward count­ ing on the sympathy and support of every loyal friend of the University. 212 Japan Mission

TA BLE OF STA T ISTIC S FO R 1916

"Japan Mission Kumia i

Number of Stations 12 Outstations . . . . 55

Missionaries, total 76 Ordained ...... 23 Unordained . . . 1 Wives ...... 24 Single women . 28 Special service .

Native laborers, total . . 114 Ordained preachers 74 Unordained preachers 55 T each ers...... 60 Bible -women ...... Other helpers...... 22

Congregations...... 90 Organized churches 140 110 Communicants 21,160 19,155 Added, 1916 ...... 2,026 Total Constituency Sunday Schools 217 146 S. S. membership . 20,400 14,954

Schools, to ta ls...... Theological Schools . 2 Students . 86 Colleges ...... 2 Students ...... 612 Secondary' or Middle Schools 7 Students ...... 2,047 Other Schools...... 9 Students ...... 538 Total students ...... 3,283

Native contributions ...... 32,096 Missions in the Islands and Papal Lands

Stations : Location and Special Work of Missionaries

THE ISLAND MISSIONS

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

Davao (Mindanao).-— Julius S. Augur, ordained: Language study; general evangelistic work in mission church and in the field. Mrs. Gertrude E. Augur-. Language study; work for women. Lucius W. Case, M. D .: In charge of hospital and medical work.

Cagayan (Mindanao). — Frank C. Laubach, Ph. D., ordained: In charge of educational and evangelistic work. Mrs.Effa S. Laubach: Work for women.

Residing at Surigao (Mindanao).— Frank J . Woodward, ordained- Language study, Station and evangelistic work. Mrs. Marion W. Woodward: Language study; work for women.

On furlough. — Robert F. Black, ordained: Mrs. Gertrude G. Black.

Associated with the mission, not under appointment. — (Davao) Miss Jane T. Taylor: Nurse in Mission Hospital.

Under temporary service: Floyd 0. Smith, M. D .: Mrs. Bessie H. Smith: assisting in medical work in Davao.

Mr. and Mrs. Black have resigned from the Board for health reasons. Mr. and -Airs. Woodward who were transferred from Micronesia, arm ed in Cagayan in June and after several months were located at Surigao. Rev. and Mrs. Irving M. Channon who were the missionaries in Micronesia for 23 years have been appointed but are not able yet to leave for Mindanao. Dr. and Mrs. Floyd O. Smith of the Eastern Turkey Mission have gone to Davao to help in the medical work while they' are waiting for the way to open for their return to Turkey.

MARSHALL ISLANDS

Residing at Kusaie. — Miss Elizabeth Baldwin and Miss Jane D. Baldwin: Work for women and girls in Kusaie School.

Residing at Jaluit. — Miss Jessie R. Hoppin: Work for women and girls; touring. 213 214 Islands and Papal La-nds

Residing at Mejuro.—Charles H. Maas, ordained: In charge of boarding and training school; touring. Mrs. Matilda Maas: Work for women.

Associated with the Mission, not under appointment.— (Jaluit) Carl Heine, ordained: Assists in touring and evangelistic work.

As indicated above, Mr. and Mrs. Woodward did not reach the Gilbert Islands from Australia but were transferred to the Philippines. Miss Hoppin has found no way of leaving under war conditions for her furlough.

Philippine Mission

New life is felt in Mindanao, new hopes if not aspirations. The missionaries gained great encouragement from the vote of the Board to enlarge the force and to increase the appropriations for the work. Mr. and Mrs.. Woodward, who have been transferred from the Gil­ bert Islands, are already on the field at work, and Mr. and Mrs. Channon are to follow later. Mr. and Mrs. Augur have held the post at Davao pending the return of Mr. and Mrs. Black. Another doctor and nurse are being sought for to help in the development of the medical work. All in all, therefore, the mission has reason to be­ lieve that the Board is not to leave unmanned and unworked this most urgently needy field. The mission has received great encour­ agement from the visit of Mr. Dwight L. Goddard and Prof. Brewer of Talledega. Davao This station continues to be a center of work for the Bagobos and other so-called wild tribes of Mindanao. The work is fascinating. The Bagobos are "strong, healthy, manly, clean, honest, liberty loving folk,” and are just primitive enough to call forth the best in the missionaries. The mission has three schools among the Bagobos and Kalagans, but more are much needed. The teachers are secured from the Silliman Institute of Dumaguete and are all Filipinos. The opportunity is large and for years to come the need will be great. Davao is now quite a cosmopolitan town for we find there not only the tribesmen and Filipinos but also Americans, Spaniards, E ast Indians and particularly Japanese. It may not be long before special work will have to be conducted among these men from Japan. The medical work has progressed. Dr. Case took a very much needed vacation but after his return to Manila the work piled up so that he was completely submerged and patients of all kinds thronged Islands and Papal Lands 215

about him. Miss Taylor has been busy with the details of the hos­ pital and doing everything possible in helping Dr. Case sustain the standards for which missionary hospitals strive. The total running expenses of the hospital and dispensary, minus the salaries of physi­ cians and nurses, has been about §7,000.00 — the fees something short of $6,000.00. This work is supported by the Mindanao Medical Association of New York. More of a detailed report will be

Stylish Bagobo Friends from Gianga given at the close of this section. Suffice to say the Davao hospital is meeting a great want' and is bound to grow in importance as the years go by. It has already secured the support of the farmers and other Europeans in the District.

Cagayan

This is the central station for the northern coast. Nowhere in the Philippines is there an opportunity so big and promising. The immigrants are flocking into the country and many of them are open to the gospel. Whole districts, including the cities, are calling for evangelical teaching and preaching. The demand is so great that it is almost bewildering. A small training school has been informally opened to meet the crying need for evangelists. 2l6 Islands and Papal Lands

The first evangelical church in northern Min­ danao and the first or­ dination of a native in all Mindanao to the gospel ministry took place at Cagaj^an, Sun­ day, January 24, 1917.

Visit of Board Secretary Carrying Cocoanuts to Market in Cagayan Secretary Enoch F- Bell set out from the Annual Meeting of the Board in Columbus, Ohio, for the Philippine Islands. No Secretary of the Board had ever visited the work on the Islands and it seemed essential, when the Mission is laying the foundation for future policy and plan of work, that a Secretary should confer with them and assist them in shaping the right policy and laying the right founda­ tion. Mr. Bell started earlier than he would otherwise have done, as a member of the Deputation to Japan, in order to make this visit in Mindanao before the work of the Deputation should begin in Japan. There is every indication that the work in the Philippine Islands is developing with a rapidity and an urgency which has seldom been experienced in other mission fields. 11 was thought when the American Board began work there that the development would be slow and laborious, and probably discouraging in the extreme. Quite the contrary has taken place. The wild tribes of the South have shown themselves to be more approachable than was anticipa­ ted, and their response has been far beyond anything that could have been foretold. Not only are these tribes and their leaders accessible but they are even calling for the Christian teacher to establish schools among them, and they themselves are visiting the station in Davao in person, making friends with the missionary, coming into contact with the medical work, and thus opening the way for approach to the centers of their habitation in the mountains of the interior. The call of the Mission has been insistent that reinforcements should be sent in order that more aggressive work may be carried on among these wild and savage peoples. At the same time, the work on the north coast, among the civilized Visayans, is taking a form and assuming an importance never anti­ cipated. Mindanao is proving itself to be one of the most fertile Islands and Papal Lands 217

islands of the entire Philippine group. Much of its territory is virgin soil. Its climate is favorable, although tropical. The at­ tention of large numbers of Visayans on islands at the north has been turned to this large and fruitful island, and immigrants are coming into the island in great numbers. Those who come are the most enterprising and aggressive of the Visayan people, who have a con­ siderable degree of enlightment and have a remote conception of Christianity. Some of them are Roman Catholics; others have been. Many are already Protestant Christians, having embraced Christianity in other missions in the north. Another interesting feature of the work in the northern part of the Island is the fact that a large number of these Visayans have repudiated Catholicism and have expelled the Roman Catholic priests from their towns. The missionaries, as well as Messrs, God­ dard and Brewer, report towns with as many as 10,000 inhabitants who have no resident priest, neither will they permit the Catholic priests to enter and hold services. These turn to the missionaries and ask for the Gospel they preach. Wherever the missionaries go among these people they find not only a hearty welcome but ur­ gent insistence that they shall remain or send them teachers and preachers. It is a phenomenon wholly unexpected, but calls for immediate and aggressive action on the part of the Mission of the American Board to meet these conditions. Nothing could be more favorable for the establishment of the Christian Church and Sunday School, for opening preaching places in villages and towns of even larger proportions, and for the planting in the heart of these growing communities of the north shore the principles of the Gospel of Jesus Christ and for circulating among them a Christian literature. Mr. Woodward, during the last year transferred from the Gilbert Islands to Mindanao, feeling the urgency of the call of these waiting communities, exclaimed in one of his recent letters: Would that he had a hundred lives to give, that he might spread himself through those communities and give them the gospel message which they were so eagerly seeking. The baptism of between 600 and 700 new church members during the year is significant of what awaits the Christian missionary and the Christian worker on the north shore of this great island. It is no wonder that the letters coming to the American Board rooms during the year from every member of the Mission dwell in unstinted terms upon the opportunity and need. The greatness of the field makes the deepest impression upon all. 2 l8 Islands and Papal Lands

The interior of the island has not been fully explored. Gradually government officials and the missionaries are working in among the savage tribes from the two borders. At the present time the dis­ tance between the two stations of the American Board — Cagayan on the north and Davao on the South — is something like 800 miles by water, although not more than 200 miles directly across the

Old Moses and his Load island. In time government roads will be built, so that the two sta­ tions will be connected and the Mission will become more of a com­ pact body. On their way to the mission meeting at Davao this year, the missionaries were told by government officials that they were con­ stantly discovering new tribes in the interior of the island; that one tribe numbering at least 10,000 people had not been recorded in the government records, and another numbering from 5,000 to 10,000. It is now estimated by the missionaries that the population of the Island which looks to the American Board for its Christianization numbers fully 800,000 souls, and the statement was made that probably when the truth was known it would amount to at least 1,000,000. This is the field of the American Board in the Philippine Islands, the only mission of the Board that is under the American flag. It is calling urgently for even added reinforcements in order to meet these tremendous demands for reaching the wild tribes and for getting before the Yisayans the simple truths of the plain gospel of Jesus Christ. It would be an easy’ matter to form a large number of churches on the north shore if only there were trained preachers to put over them. This need of evangelists for immediate service will Islands and Papal Lands 219

p ro b a b ly compel the starting of a training school, possibly in Caga­ yan or in its vicinity, in which evangelists for pioneer preliminary' work can be trained. There are young men who have received a considerable degree of education in the Presbyterian School, the Silliman Institute, on the island of Cebu, at the north. With a few months of Bible training they would be able to go out and begin preliminary Bible work, returning for still further training as neces­ sity and opportunity required. All these matters will have the full consideration of Mr. Bell and the Mission, and their conclusions will appear in the report which Mr. Bell will make after he has com­ pleted his visit. But the one thing we wish here to emphasize is the tremendous opportunity and responsibil­ ity which rests upon the American Board and its mis­ sion for the 800,000, savage and civilized, Mindanao, and the need of seizing this op­ portunity now while the door is wide open. The United States officials have shown themselves unusually friend­ ly and helpful, and we may expect even7 co-operation

Vacation Bible School Picnic, Davao from them as the work of the Mission develops. Dr. Case, at Davao, working alone in that hospital, with insistent demands upon him day and night, has nearly broken, and Dr. Floyd O. Smith who was sent out to Turkey since the war began is mak­ ing ready to go to Davao, on his way back to Turkey, and work with Dr. Case until war conditions make it possible for him to enter and resume his work in Turkey. The American Board is doing all it can but there is call for reinforcements and for special contribu­ tions to meet the special need and opportunity of this new and promising field. 220 Islands and Papal Lands

At the Jubilee meeting of the Woman's Board of Boston, held in October, it was voted by that Board to send two women missionaries into the Philippine Islands, thus beginning for that Board a new mis­ sion in a new field. Since that action was taken, the Mission in con­ sultation with Mr. Bell has decided to locate these two new appoint­ ees for women’s work exclusively at Cagayan, on the north coast. This will be the beginning of women’s work for women in the Island, and it is hoped that by another year the Woman’s Board of the In­ terior, at its Jubilee meeting, will decide also to open a new field on the South shore of the Island, thus adding materially and effectively to the work of the Mission in reaching the women and girls. This is a decided step forward and is worthy of every support of the home constituency. The Micronesia Mission We include under the heading Micronesia Mission in this report the Marshall Island Group and the Gibert Island Group with Kusaie and Nauru. In general there has been little change in the condition in the Islands since the report of a year ago. Politically matters stand pre­ cisely as they7 were at that time, the Japanese still holding the Mar­ shall Islands and Kusaie, while Nauru remains a part of the Gilbert Group under the British flag. Mr. and Mrs. M aas being German subjects were put under rather strict regulations when the Islands first passed to the Japanese, but these regulations have been greatly modified during this year so that they have been practically unre­ stricted in their work of touring and in looking after the schools and evangelistic work of the Islands.

Marshall Islands There have been more frequent communications during this year than in the one preceding. Recent letters have come from Mr. Heine reporting tours that he and Mr. Maas had recently taken among several islands of the Group. He speaks of the work as progressing without special hindrance. In the spring the Islands were visited by a representative of the Kumiai. Churches, who remained some time and held various meetings, Mr. Heine acting as his interpreter in Jaluit. It is interesting that the Kumiai Churches in Japan are taking such a deep interest in the evangelistic work of these Islands which have so recently come under the Government of Japan. Mr- Islands and Papal Lands 221

Heine reports in his trip to the Island of Namrik that he found the people without a church. They had a fine, large church which was destroyed a few years ago by a tornado, but the people have gathered together material for a new building and the people were in process of erecting it. He reports a great demand for Bibles, for hymn books and for Christian catechisms. Ithasbeen the custom for some time in the Marshall Islands to use the catechism as a primer which all of the small children read and incidentally in reading they commit the questions and answers to memory. More than a year ago the “Iju Ran” wTas injured by coming in contact with a coral reef and it has not been in commission since that time. The missionaries feeling the need of more independent con­ veyance from island to island have repaired the boat and at last re­ port in October it was about ready again to put to sea. This will give a little larger freedom and liberty in touring among the islands than is possible in using public conveyances. An interesting development is taking place among the natives of the Marshall Islands in the wray of increased litigation and disputes among them. During this year the first murder in the Group for the past thirty years took place. The natives sometimes attribute this new temper to the wyar in Europe. If this is true, we can trace the evil effect of the European war in most remote islands of the distant Pacific.

Gilbert Islands During the year under review negotiations were completed with the London Missionary Society whereby that Society' assumed all the responsibility for the missionary work in the Gilbert Islands, including Nauru, from the first of July, 1917. This decision does not represent hasty action as the matter had been under correspond­ ence and consideration for years. A commission of the London Missionary Society" visited the Islands and made careful inspection of the work before coming to the conclusion above named. It has been apparent for many years that either the London Missionary Society or the American Board could alone carry on the entire work of the Islands more effectively and more economically than the two Boards could possibly carry it on together. The field of the London M ission under the previous arrangement included the islands south of the equator with two exceptions and the American Board work covered all the rest of the group. The London Mission had a 222 Islands and Papal Lands

missionary vessel, the “ John Williams,” which visited its field once or twice a year, while the American Board had no missionary ship. Steps were taken three or four years ago for closer co-operation be­ tween the two missions and yet, because of the lack of absolute unity, there was more or less waste in administration and in the con­ duct of the work. Another element which has recently entered in is the large in­ crease in the English population on Ocean Island owing to the large phosphate deposits discovered there. Ocean Island was in the American Board group. Many of the English residents much pre­ ferred to have British missionaries among them and it was evident that if British missionaries were located there a considerable amount of support for the work could be obtained from them. They did not feel as free to contribute for the work of an American Mission. In view of these facts and others which might be named, the Ameri­ can Board offered to pay the London Missionary Society for the next five years annually an amount equal to the average annual expense of its part of the Gilbert Island work for the last five years and at the same time to put into the hands of the London Mission all the American Board property in the Islands for the use of that mission in the prosecution of the missionary work there. This offer was ac­ cepted and, as stated above, on July 1st the London Missionary Society assumed responsibility for the conduct of the work and the first cash payment to that Society was made in October, 1917, in accordance with the agreement. The Island of Nauru before the war belonged to the Marshall Island Group and was under the German flag, but it has been trans­ ferred to the Gilbert Group and is now under the British flag. Mr. Delaporte who has been on the island for sixteen years was compelled to come to this country on account of the health of Mrs. Delaporte and the Island was left without a missionary. It was evident that Mr. and Mrs. Delaporte could not return to the Island; therefore the American Board offered to the London Missionary Society the work on the Island of Nauru upon practically the same terms as those upon which the Gilbert Island work of the American Board was taken over and the London Mission assumed responsibility on July 1 st for the Nauru work. When Mr. Delaporte came to this country he brought the manu­ script copy of the entire Bible translated into the language spoken by the natives on the Island of Nauru. Tim Detudamo, a native Islands and Papal Lands 223 teacher on the Island, came with Mr. Delaporte and together the two have put this Nauru Island Bible through the press of the Ameri­ can Bible Society. To meet the expense of this Bible the friends in Honolulu contributed $2,000, the Massachusetts Bible Society §2,000 and the American Bible Society assumed all the rest of the expense necessary to complete the Bible. The last proofs have been read. Mr. Delaporte also brought the manuscript copy of a hymn book in the Nauru language. The funds were provided by the church in Honolulu to print this book. This hymn book is now going through the press. This will give the Nauru people, whose total population is less than 2,000, a complete Bible and a hymn book. They have been looking forward with great anticipation to the ar­ rival of these important books. Mr. and Mrs. Woodward and Mr. and Mrs. Channon, missionaries of the American Board in the Gilbert Islands, have been transferred to Mindanao of the Philippine Island Mission. Mr. and Mrs. Woodward are already there in Mindanao, while Mr. and Mrs. Channon are making arrangements to go. During the year the government of the Gilbert Islands requested that all of the Gilbert Island pupils in the school at Kusaie be re­ turned to the Islands as soon as possible. This return was effected so that at Kusaie at the present time there are only the pupils from the Marshall Islands. It has not been ascertained why this order was issued, the Governor of the Gilbert Islands reporting that it was not because of any dissatisfaction with the teaching. Miss Hoppin has spent much of her year in moving about among the Is­ lands and has exerted a widespread and profound influence upon all classes of people, official and otherwise, whom she has met in her journeys. With great self-denial and devotion beyond all praise she has thrown herself into this work with striking efficiency and power. It is inevitable that the entire work of these Islands will be more or less uncertain until after the war ends and the final decision be reached as to national control. Whatever takes place these people will need the Gospel as much as ever and if the influence of the war is so detrimental as would appear from the illustration given from the Marshall Islands, there will be greater need of a new em­ phasis upon Christian preaching and Christian living. The deputa­ tion that has gone to Japan to look into the work there has been asked also to investigate the relation of the Kumiai Churches to the C hristian work in the Marshall Islands so long as those Islands are Islands and Papal Lands

under the Japanese flag. It may be that the Kumiai Churches will find here a great field for their special effort in the Christianization of these new Japanese possessions.

THE ISLAND INSTITUTIONS

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS

Prim ary Schools. — The Mission has four of these elementary schools anions the wild tribes; three in connection with Davao station with an enrolment of 86 boys and 74 girls and one in connection with the Cagayan station with 20 boys and 20 girls. The school among the Kalagans has 65 pupils and the 2 schools for the Bagobos have 105. It is a difficult task to enthuse these children of the hills with the advantages of schooling and with no truant officer the attendance is necessarily irregular. Much stress is placed upon industrial work. Three of the schools are provided with equipment for making of rattan chairs and also \\ ith garden tools and through the desire of the teacher a forge outfit has been added to the equipment of one school. More schools could be opened if capable teachers were available. It is remarkable that the pupils from these schools show greater ability- than those from the Government Schools. In the Davao schools a committee of three is appointed to provide for the school building and to see that the children come to school as well as to plan the courses. This throws the responsibility upon the people themselves and is pro­ ductive of good results. Parents are persuaded to let their girls come to school instead of giving them in marriage and also to keep their teeth white. In the school at Melila the third and fourth grades are to be added in order to prepare the more successful students for leadership among their own people.

Station School, Cagayan. — Dr. and Mrs. Laubach have established at Cagayan the beginnings of a training school. The attendance thus far has in­ cluded 10 boys and 5 girls to whom they have given the rudiments of education and some training for Christian service. All this looks forward to the time when a thoroughly organized training school for evangelists and pastors for Northern Mindanao will be established.

Medical Work

The medical work at Davao which is supported by the Mindanao Medical As­ sociation of New York City is a regular part of the Mission work. Dr. Case has been the only physician in charge but has been ably assisted by Miss Taylor, the nurse. The native untrained assistants have proved a very uncertain quanity and at times exceedingly exasperating. Four trained native nurses are required. There are two now on the staff, graduates of mission hospitals in Manila. The equipment has been all too limited but was increased by a new sterilizing outfit of which the doctor is very proud. A gift of $ 4 0 0 from a visiting friend has Islands and Papal Lands 225

p r o v i d e d for an addition to the dispensary and operating rooms. The total pa­ tients treated in the Hospital were 1,577 and the new patients in the dispensary g73, The total treatments given were 1 3 ,3 7 5 ; minor operations, 2 7 3 ; major operations, 16; responses to outside calls, 4 2 1 ; and nurses’ visits 4 6 7 . Members of 9 different wild tribes were treated of whom 147 were Visayans besides 12 Ameri­ cans, 7 Spaniards and 261 Japanese. The large proportion of Japanese who come to the Hospital is noticeable. The Hospital is forging ahead toward self-support although the excess of expenses over receipts for the year was $1,308.41. Among the diseases treated were: malaria, hookworm, typhoid-fever, abscesses, and beri-beri, which are the most numerous. The doctor has also been trying his hand at pulling teeth. A comparison of the last three 6-month periods shows a noticeable increase in Hospital patients admitted and treatments given. Many are turned away every day for lack of beds, and only the most serious cases are admitted. The Japanese as well as the native population is increasing rapidly due to the importation of laborers for the planters. It thrusts a serious problem upon the Hospital. A new Hospital of at least 50 beds and the doubling of the Hospital staff is demanded. The arrival of Dr. Floyd O. Smith who is going out for temporary service will bring welcome relief to Dr. Case. A small Red Cross Unit has been organized among the women in the town to help in making surgical dressings.

MICRONESIA

Boarding and Training School, Kusaie. — The Misses Baldwin have car­ ried on the school without interruption and in spite of the vicissitudes incident to the war. The work is largely elementary' including reading, writing, arithmetic, drawing, music and English. It is probable that Japanese has also been added. The girls are responsible for the housework and the cultivation of their gardens and the boys run a small printing press. Pupils were received from both the Gilbert and the Marshall Islands until the end of last February, when by order of the authorities the Gilbert pupils were sent away to Jaluit to be received by Miss Hoppin and transferred to the school at Abaian. Altogether there were 27 of these Gilbert Island pupils besides 3 Marshall Islands scholars who returned to their homes leaving the present membership of the school at 40. Some of the most proficient scholars and most responsive spiritually and the leaders of the school life were sent away. In spite of this strange Providence which has taken away so much of the strength of the school, the missionaries are still cheerful in the work.

Boarding School, Mejuro, Marshall Islands.— Little news from Mejuro has come through during the past year, but favorable reports have been received from Mr. and Mrs. Maas who apparently are able to continue their work. The Japanese authorities have not interferred with the school although it is supposed that Japanese is now being taught to the pupils. The object of the school is to train teachers and evangelists for the work in the Marshall Group besides provid- Ing a boarding school for girls. The enrolment as last reported was about 40. 22Ó Islands and Papal Lands

PAPAL LANDS

MISSION TO MEXICO

Chihuahua (1882). — Alfred C. Wright, ordained: General supervision 0f church work in Chihuahua field; Mission Secretary and Treasurer. Mrs. Annie C. Wright: Work for women. Miss Mary F. Long: Principal of Colegio Chi- huahuense. Miss Ellen O. Prescott: Social worker and home visitor in connection with the school and church, Hermosillo (1886). — LouisB. Fritts: Director of educational work of mission- in charge of Sonona field. Mrs. Mary G. Fritts: Work for women. Miss Jessie Bissell: Teaching in Instituto Corona. In Mexico City. — John Howland, D.D., ordained: President and professor in Union Theological Seminary. Mrs. SaraB . Howland: Bible Class and women's work. In El Paso. — Miss MaryB. Dunning: Working temporarily among Mexicans under the American Missionary Association. On furlough. — Miss Lora F. Smith The missionaries have moved about a great deal during the year but are now lo­ cated as indicated above. Mr. Fritts has general oversight of the work in Her­ mosillo and Mr. Wright of that in Chihuahua. Miss Bissell reached Hermosillo in September where she is associated with Miss Smith in the Girls’ School. Mrs. Blachly as well as Miss Dunning are engaged in special work in El Paso.

MISSION TO SPAIN

Barcelona (1910). Madrid (1876). — William H.Gulick, ordained: General work. Miss Anna F. Webb: Principal of Normal and Preparatory School for Spanish Girls. Miss May Morrison: Instructor in Girls’ School. Bilbao (1914). — Wayne H. Bowers, ordained: General evangelistic work; secretary of the Mission. Mrs. Margaret C. Bowers: Work for women. A ssociated w ith th e M ission, n ot u n d er ap p o in tm en t. — (Barcelona) M iss Clara W. Newcomb, M iss Alice Rosemond, M iss Rebekah Wood and Miss Elizabeth U. Wyer, instructors in Girls’ School. There is no change in the location or work of the missionaries. None are home on furlough. MISSION TO AUSTRIA

Prague (1873). — On fu rlo u g h .— Albert W. Clark, ordained; Mrs. RuthE. Clark; JohnS. Porter, ordained; MrsXizzie L. Porter. Both families are in America because of war conditions. They left Prague in April 1917. Islands and Papal Lands 227

MISSIONS IN THE PAPAL LANDS

The Mexican Mission

Politically and in other ways Mexico seems far more hopeful than was the case even as far back as last Spring when the new constitution was adopted. . President Carranza to be sure has a gigantic task. He must secure the unfaltering loyalty and co-operation of the vari­ ous states; he must reorganize the banking system, the industrial and agricultural resources, and other “securities” of the nation in such a way as to attract foreign investment again; he must estab­ lish an educational system that will work fairly in every state and for every class; he must promote a strong national sentiment, find devoted, competent leadership for all departments of life and win international support. His greatest problems have to do with social and religious progress. Class distinctions must be broken down, the “special privilege” done away with, equal franchise in­ troduced and the peon given land, education and a purpose. A t pres­ ent writing (September) the common people are finding it hard to get work, and many are in consequence inclined to lose confidence in the government. Appallingly high prices prevail, and official graft is disgraceful. The common soldiers too have been acting without restraint. Yet the situation is hopeful. There is a disposition in influential circles to rally to Carranza for Mexico’s sake. The intellectuals, business men, officials and even military leaders would have peace. The government is being sustained. Large loans from outside seem certain. Mexico is righting herself, though slowly. There is good reason for assuming that the time is close by when we can push forward with permanent plans. This can be said even though history has proved that you never can tell what eruption may take place at any time in these warmer climates. Mexico has passed through something like seven years of civil war and revolution and while the government has settled down under Carranza, its President, two revolutionist leaders are still contesting his position. All this complicates the missionary prob­ lem and makes it impossible to forecast the future. The mission­ aries, however, feel that the government is established and that the President and members of Congress were chosen by the fullest and fairest election ever held in Mexico. Many of the states have elected 228 Islands and Papal Lands their own governors and legislators and many cities have chosen their own municipal officers. The main lines of telegraph and rail­ road are in fairly regular service. A lack of work widely prevails in the country, with a pre­ ponderance of the military element. The lack of work is caused mostly by the foreign corporations’ refusal to renew their activities until the bandit raids cease. Much has been said about the attitude of the govern­ ment toward missions in view of the new constitution that was recently adopted. Our missionaries feel that the attitude of the government toward the restrictions of the constitution has not been generally understood. This The Government's Headquarters Hermosillo, Sonora State, Mexico legislation was not new. The reformed laws were established by Juarez in 1858 and these form the basis and the idea of the new constitution. There is a strong feeling that additions to the old law were forced by the failure of the Roman Catholic authorities to respect that law. These re­ strictions, as stated by the highest authorities of the present government, were not intended for the Protestants, but for the Roman Catholics. The attitude of the government is favorable to evangelical missions in the country and to schools and churches, although the fact remains that the great mass of the people are Roman Catholics in heart and m ind; in fact, it is the only religion of which they have any knowledge. The bearing of the new constitution upon missions may be sum­ med up as affecting the holding of property, the exercise of the gospel ministry and the conduct of schools. The law on the holding of property has not been essentially changed from the old constitution and there is as yet no evidence that its application will be greatly modified. The ministry is affected in that none but native-born Mexicans may exercise the functions of the ministry and no minister may teach or direct any primary schools up to the sixth year. Islands and Papal Lands 229

No foreign missionary, therefore, can exercise the functions of the ministry which probably means the rights to baptize and to admin­ ister the Lord’s Supper. It is possible that this may be interpreted, however, to include preaching, but there is little evidence as yet that such interpretation will be put upon the constitution. The effect of this will be to develop strongly the native ministry, a de­ velopment devoutly to be desired and right in harmony with the best policy of establishing permanent churches under native control in any mission field. Under the application of this law fourteen Roman Catholic foreign priests were recently deported from Mexico City. The application of the new constitution to schools looks a little more difficult, as no religious organization may establish, maintain or direct primary schools and no religious instruction whatever can be given. It is not yet clear what interpretation the administrators of the law will put upon this phaseof the constitution, but again assurance has been given that it was no purpose of the government to close up mission schools and there is no regulation at all in regard to religious instruction of the children outside of the day schools. The missionaries report that there has been no time in the history of Mexico when it was so open to evangelistic effort as now. While a very small percentage of the whole population of Mexico is evan­ gelical, Protestants are no longer generally despised, hated or feared. The common people have become much more tolerant to evangelical influences and are more frequently inquiring for themselves what Protestantism really is. Through the soldiers, tracts and gospels have been widely distributed, public services have been well attended and the conditions are ripe for the wide-awake and aggressive evangelist. It is certainly a time to look with favor and encourage­ ment upon our sister republic. The present government will un­ doubtedly be able soon to establish general order throughout the country. Then we should be ready to enter this great field close at our door and establish our Christian institutions for the creation of a permanent order in the new government that shall be in accord and sympathy with the best that we have in our American life.

The Mexican Evangelical Convention This was not a Regional Conference connected with the Panama Congress but rather a national convention of Mexican evangelical leaders and missionaries. It was attended In' a limited but well- 230 Islands and Papal Lands chosen number of representatives of the various leading Boards of America. There were about 100 delegates, Mexicans and Ameri­ cans. A permanent committee for co-operation was provided for, to consist of a Mexican worker and a missionary from each denomina­ tion laboring in the country, to work as a whole and through sub­ committees in the carrying forward of the recommendations of the convention. These recommendations were grouped under the headings of Education, Literature, Medical W ork, Social Service, and Co-operation. Under the first, it was recommended that efforts be made to organize an evangelical university and an educational council. As regards literature, it was proposed to establish a single publishing house and a periodical that shall be the organ of the Mexi­ can Evangelical Church, and it was urged that a paper for youth and another for women be published. People’s institutes and institutional churches were advocated. Under co-operation, the main recommendations were: the adoption of the general name of the “Mexican Evangelical Church;” the ac­ ceptance by all churches of letters of dismission from others; a better distribution of territory between the societies; and the preparation of a common confession of faith and form of govern­ ment. After much private consultation and conference in regard to the best way of meeting the requirements of the new Mexican constitu­ tion, the general conclusion was to comply not merely with the spirit of the law, but with the letter also, by having the pastors report all places of worship and by suspending, for the present, the primary and grammar grades of mission schools, leaving the questions of owner­ ship of property, status of missionaries, and control of schools to be worked out later. In connection with the convention, plans were carried forward for theopeningof the new theological seminary in Mexico City. Although the Administrative Council was not complete, enough were present to take definite action; and Drs. W. Wallace, O. W. E. Cook, and John Howland were elected professors for five years, and author­ ized to make all necessary arrangements for opening the school about the first of June. The institution is to be supported by a contribu­ tion from each co-operating society of a percentage (not to exceed three and a half for the first year) on the total Mexican budget. At the convention a communication was prepared for the Foreign Islands and Papal Lands 231

Mission Boards carrying on work in Mexico urging a new emphasis upon medical missionary work in that country. This communica­ tion contains the following statement in regard to medical work: — “Medical workproperly conducted is in itself a powerful evangelis­ tic or converting agency. Nevertheless we do not consider that it ought to be instituted anywhere as a complete evangelistic agency, any more than a school or a young people’s society. It should al­ ways be mingled with all the other agencies in proper combination with them. This relation should be the most intimate possible, while at the same 1,ime conserving its own autonomy and manage­ ment by medical people, the same as the school, Sunday-school and other agencies are kept autonomous, and under the direction of specially trained persons or boards. Whatever may be the methods of management, however, the principal thing is that the work of healing should be undertaken and carried on effectively and continuously IN SOME WAY by the representatives of our Lord. Among all the plans for doing a thing the worst plan of all is the one of NOT DOING IT. We believe that the languishing centers of evangelism would, with the addition of this agency to those already in use, become prosperous centers of evangelization, while those which are already considered to be fairly prosperous would, on ‘putting on the full panoply of God,’ become heirs to Christ’s fullest blessing and of the highest possible degree of fruitfulness.” The American Board Mission in Mexico has taken no definite action on this subject. On the whole, the convention was very encouraging, and should mean much for the reorganization and success of the propagation of the gospel in Mexico. Probably there never has been held in this country a more representative gathering of evangelical workers; and, coming at the time when everything in the country is under­ going reconstruction and when the new constitution confronts us with new perplexities and difficulties, the meeting would seem to be providentially opportune. While there was some quite plain ex­ pression of divergent opinions and considerable criticism of the recommendation of the Cincinnati Conference, this gathering was marked by a notable spirit of fraternity and a determination to find and put into practice the best methods for pushing forward the work as a whole. 232 Islands and Papal Lands

The Work of the Year The work of the American Board has centered at Hermosillo in Sonora. At Chihuahua the Woman’s Board’s school work has gone on under Mexican management. Dr. and Mrs. Howland have been in Mexico City in the interests of the Union Seminary. Mr. Wright did considerable touring during the year, visiting among other places

A Glimpse of Our Hermosillo Station Front View of Chapel and Girls' Boarding School the fruitful Sahuripa region where Mr. Wagner years ago planted 15 or 20 congregations, and from which several students went to the International Colegio when it was at Guadalajara. Judging from the reports from the Mexican field the time is ripening fast for an effort to push Mexican pastors to the fore. W hen this plan is ac ­ tually consummated none will rejoice more than the missionaries. At last accounts the conditions at Chihuahua were so much im­ proved that it seemed safe to hold a mission meeting there in Sep­ tember (1917). It is expected that by mid-summer of 1918 the decision will be Islands and Papal Lands 233 reached between the American Board and the Board of Missions of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South, with reference to the delim­ itation of territory for each Board. As soon as the matter is settled and the country becc>mes sufficiently quiet, the American Board plans to send a deputation of strong representatives into Mexico to investigate the entire field assigned to the American Board and present a program for its proper development.

The Spain Mission

Spain is feeling that throbbing of democracy which inevitably springs from industrial expansion. Labor unrest and strikes have stirred the country, especially in the North where factory life and independent thinking are not unknown. The forces for religious freedom gather strength from these popular movements though the established Church is face to face with the problems it has had to meet in France and Italy, to say nothing of Mexico and South Ameri­ ca. All this means the necessity of strengthening the evangelical forces in Spain. For as the people become more and more absorbed in this rapid material development of the day, their need of real religious safeguards and sanctions becomes more patent. These truly are days when the American Board work should be pushed with vigor as never before. There is special interest this year in our work in Spain because of the fact that 1918 marks the turning point of fifty years of Protestant endeavor in that country. The first Protestant missionaries to Spain entered through the English colony of Gibraltar. The experi­ ence of missionary work has been varied. Plans are already ma­ turing to celebrate in October of 1918 the fiftieth anniversary, with a large congress in Madrid, of Protestant workers and Protestant people from all parts of the peninsula. It is expected that such a congress will attract nation-wide attention and publicity and stimu­ late greatly the propaganda which has been carried on during this half century. Seville made the first and most popular response to the entrance of Protestantism, but its early zeal did not hold out as was expected, although the work begun there so auspiciously has heen regularly maintained. At the present time there is no city of real importance in Spain where Protestant churches have not been established and cannot today be found. Madrid and Barcelona 234 Islands and Papal Lands each have 14 places of Protestant worship, Malaga 3, Valencia and Seville 2 each, and so on through the country. The native church membership is drawn almost entirely from the lower classes owing to the tremendous hold which Catholicism still possesses over the aristocracy and also over the middle class, if such middle class may be said to exist in Spain. Even after fifty years of Christian work, for one to withdraw from the Catholic church and openly embrace Protestantism still means more or less social ostracism and persecu­ tion. This persecution is often direct, but more frequently indirect in a business and social way. This has made the building up of self support in the country more difficult than in many other mission fields and calls for a greater proportion of foreign assistance which will continue to be needed for a considerable time to come, if the work is to be maintained. At the present time carrying on some form of religious work in Spain are the English Methodists, Baptists, Episcopalians, Presby­ terians, Brethren, German Lutherans, the American Congregational - ists and Adventists. The work of the Adventists is more of an itinerary character so that the American Board is practically the only American missionary agency permanently established and carrying on a regularly organized work. The American Board, however, maintains work in permanent chapels and day schools in six centers. Five of these are leading cities and one a populous central village. The important and flourishing Colegio Interna­ cional or High School for Girls at Barcelona has won a reputation over all Spain and has a high standing with the educational au­ thorities of the kingdom. The evangelistic work is carried on in quite another section or near the northern border and includes the five cities of Santander, Bilbao, San Sebastian, Logroño and Zara­ goza, with the single village of Pradejón near Logroño. All of the general evangelistic and educational work outside of Barcelona is under the care and supervision of Rev. Wayne H. Bowers; in fact, the American Board in Spain is sometimes referred to as the one man mission. W hile Dr. Gulick is still in the country, his long years of service and impaired health make it impossible for him to take an active part in the work of the board field. Hi? presence is of great help and his wise counsel and personal influence are of the highest value to the work. In rendering his report this year Mr. Bowers dwells at length upon the necessity of Christian missions in Catholic countries, speaking Islands and Papal Lands 335 of course for Spain, the country with which he is intimately familiar. In considering this subject he calls in as witnesses the Spaniards themselves who are the most familiar with the demands of the dominating church. Mr. Bowers reports that while the nineteen million souls in Spain are generally classed as Catholics, scarcely two million are genuinely interested in the only form of religion that they know. As Roman Catholicism has been the only religion in Spain for so many centuries, most of the people, have grown to believe that it is the only religion in the world and they have come to the conclusion that since the church with which they are familiar is unsatisfactory, that religion itself is either absurd or unnecessary. The leading Spaniards themselves speak repeatedly and constantly in opposition to the claims of the church and especially the priest­ hood. They ridicule the idea of confessing their sins; they see in the system of fees for masses for the dead nothing but a worldly, money-making business; they observe with disapproval the in­ fluence of the clergy in politics and their power in secular affairs; they observe that their children who attend Catholic schools learn scarcely anything beyond the repetition of a few prayers; they ridicule the street processions with images of saints and grotesque figures of various kinds. Some of them realize their own ignorance of the simplest facts of the Gospel narrative, to whom Jesus Christ is little more than a name, and above all they share Luther’s experi­ ence in that they find no real satisfying sense of forgiveness, of recon­ ciliation with God or of peace in the soul, however hard they try to meet the requirements of their church. The crowning defect in the Roman Catholic system as it operates in Spain is its failure to give genuine satisfaction to religious longings and the utter absence among the devotees of the church of that peace which the world can neither give nor take away. The Protestant propaganda sets out to give a genuine Christian education, both from the school and from the pulpit, and not only an education of the head but of the heart. The preacher of the Gos­ pel aims at the application of that Gospel to the besetting sins of a nation. One of these common sins which has become almost a universal practice is that of falsehood. The church does not con­ demn it because the church has not been able to establish in its followers a conscience that keenly differentiates between the false and the true, the right and the wrong. This failure to inculr te genuine Christianity is reflected in the political situation in wlu.rh 236 Islands and Papal Lands

high ideals are lacking and selfishness dominates. We are sorry to be compelled to say that Spain has not the monopoly of this form of politics, but undoubtedly in Spain there is less moral restraint over the official classes than in most countries. What is clearly needed is a profound inward change in the whole psychology of the nation, the creation of high ideals of service, of altruism, of disinterested statesmanship. Those of us who are interested in foreign mis­ sionary work, and especially in missionary work in Catholic coun­ tries, believe that it is at this point that the missionary cause has a priceless contribution to make to the countries to which missionaries go. The end is not to teach a creed or to endeavor to shake confi­ dence in art established church, nor necessarily to detach one from his old religious affiliations to give him a new affiliation, but it is to plant in the hearts of the people a clear conception of righteousness and justice, truth and purity, and to lead them to see that life of altruistic service is the only life worth while. This is what we are trying to do in Spain. The influence of the fifty years of Protestan­ tism in Spain is not measured by the number of members of Protes­ tant churches, but In' a growing consciousness that there is some­ thing to be taught about Jesus Christ beyond two facts, his birth and his death; that between these two earthly extremes there lies the whole story of a life devoted to service for humanity, a life that regarded service of the highest value and which the Master taught to all of His disciples. Spain throughout its length and breadth is in need of the simple Gospel of Christ preached from the pulpit, taught to the children in the schools, lived among the people, until the whole nation catches the beauty of true, upright living and of the genuine Christian life.

The Austria Mission When American and Austria broke off diplomatic relations it became necessary for the members of the Board’s Austrian Mission to leave Prague. They entered Switzerland in April, 1917. and are now in America. Of conditions in Austria Mr. Porter writes a.s follows: — "One half of our preachers are in military sen iee and hence re­ moved from their churches. I would judge that three-fourths of our male members were soldiers. In some congregations there was hardly a man left. You can imagine what that means. In some of our Y. M . C. A.’s and other church organizations it was impossible Islands and Papal Lands 237 to elect officers who could serve except “in absentia.” Many of the members had moved away, husbands had gone to the front, and wives and children had gone to flheir parents or friends where there was more iood or to save rent or that they might help on the farms, etc., while brothers and relatives w? ere at the front. In one of our churches in Vienna almost every member had gone. Hence that church had to discontinue services and join, the few that were left, with the other Vienna church. Our little church in St. Helena, located in Hungary on the borders of Roumania and just across the Danube from Servia, had been compelled to discontinue services. The Hungarian political authorities w?ere afraid to allow our Bohemian church to continue its public activity under such peculiar surround­ ings. One of our Bohemian pastors in Russian Poland was at the beginning of the war deported by the Russians to Siberia. His wife and children were left behind. Our other pastor in Russia had taken wdfe and children to Bohemia before war was declared. He is in what was Russian Poland. His family are in Bohemia. They must remain separated. Three years have passed; can we not sympathize with them as they cry, "How long? How long?” One of our colporteurs in Russia lived farther inland than the other Bohemian families. Of him and his family we have no tidings. We knowr only that they were living where Russians retreated before the Austrian and German forces. We cannot even dare to hazard a guess as to their fate. Some of our Christians have fallen; some- are wounded; some are sick. Families are broken up. Our or­ phanages are doing "rush” business. Everywhere war has put its awful impress. But the picture is not all shadow. There is much to encourage. Our services have been continued with accustomed regularity, oven if with depleted congregations. Laymen have come to the front, and lay women also. In one place all the men left for the front. The women said as they met in tears, "We can at least pray.” They did so, and God heard and answered. There was a work of urace in their midst. Our orphanages have been wonderfully blessed. < has cared for the orphans in almost a miraculous way. Food and raiment and fuel have been forthcoming under the most ad­ verse circumstances. God’s dealing with them has increased the faith of his children and caused those outside to look and wonder. Our pastors are having a wider pastorate then they could have <’reamed possible. God has placed many of them ir such circum­ 238 Islands and Papal Lands

stances that they could serve the sick and wounded, sad and hope­ less, in many ways. And men have come under their influence that would never find their way into any church. They are serving all the nationalities of Austria. And what is true of the pastors is true in a degree of the rank and file of our members. They are march­ ing by the side of men who have been taught to hate all Protestants with the deepest hatred. And often the bearing and life and love of our men are such as to disarm this inbred hate. A man crept over to the mattress of one of our Christians to hear under cover of night "more about Jesus.” The Gospel is being lived and preached everywhere and in places and ways to rejoice our hearts. And the Scriptures have been spread in all the languages of Aus­ tria. Wonderful indeed is the way the Word of God has found its way into hospital and tent, into barracks and trenches. When our people were praying and planning for 1915 — 500th anniversary of the martyrdom of John Huss — they had such a desire to bring the Gospel to thousands who had it not. Little did we dream that the war would help to answer our prayers more fully than we had thought possible. We were having a work of grace in some of our churches when we left. In our Mother church in Prague seventeen had been received at a recent communion. In the Weinberge church twelve were received shortly before we left, and we have heard that eight more were received recently.” Just as the year was closing, on recommendation of the Presi­ dent, the United States Government declared a state of war as exist­ ing between the United States and Austria. This has completely closed the door for communication between the American Board and the Bohemian workers in Austria. All of the American Board missionaries having withdrawn from the field, there is nothing to be done nowr but to wait until war conditions permit again these mis­ sionaries to return to their field and work. We do not for a moment believe that the work in Austria has come to a standstill. The thousands of church members, active and devoted, have been in­ sistent in season and out of season during the entire period of the war in holding up the Gospel of Christ and in giving His message of comfort to thousands and tens of thousands of the suffering people. When the war cloud has passed and we take again an inventory of the situation in Austria there is little doubt that we shall find that during this entire period the Gospel of our Lord Christ has had free course and His name has been abundantly glorified in the army and Islands and Papal Lands 239 out of the arm}7, in the hospital and in the home. The many stories that the missionaries have told of the eagerness of the multitudes who have hitherto had no relations with the American Board Mis­ sion to get a copy of the Gospels and to hear the word of comfort that the Gospel has to offer to those who are in distress and who bear heavy burdens, fill one’s heart with joy and satisfaction. We can but wait and pray that the faithful followers of our Lord in that storm-swept country may be sustained and strengthened and that their messages of love may be winged with the spirit of the living God and find lodgment in hearts and in minds that are seeking that which will abide.

Institutions in Papal Lands

MEXICO

The Evangelical Seminary of Mexico, Mexico City. — The union theologi­ cal schpol is the result of the joint action of churches conducting missionary work in Latin America. It was first promulgated at a conference in Cincinnati in 1914 and later confirmed by the National Evangelical Convention in Mexico City in March, 1917. It is a “ Bible School for the preparation of Evangelical workers.” It is in response to the call for leadership in city and country churches and because of the new emphasis upon the social implications of the Gospel and religious educa­ tion. The Seminary is inaugurated under a fine spirit of co-operation in prac­ tically all lines of Christian work. The Seminan- is located within easy reach of the other Christian Institutions in the city. The building is fairly well adapted for the purposes of the school. The Library is yet in its infancy and calls for a large increase in books. Expenses are met by the various Boards co-operating according to a pro-rata plan. Eight denominations are interested in the Seminary including the Young Men’s Christian Association. The Faculty consists of 6 teachers, the American Board representa­ tive, Rev. John Howland, being the President, assisted by 2 other missionaries and 3 Spanish teachers. The dedication exercises were held on July 8, 1917, and the class work began the following day. Three courses adapted to the varying needs of the students are offered. The Degree Course for the degree of Bachelor of Divinity requires 4 years of work and a total of 80 credits. The Diploma Course leads to a diploma of graduation on completing 60 credits while the 2 year course requires 40 credits. Special students are admitted to all classes. Just at present the students belong largely to the special class, owning to the fact that the preparatory schools throughout the country have not graduated classes under the revolutionary conditions.

Colegio Internacional, Chihuahua. — The situation with this school is still indeterminate. Originally it consisted of academic, industrial and com­ mercial departments and plans are in line for the addition of agricultural instruc­ tion. The theological department which was always small has been merged with 240 Islands and Papal Lands

the union seminary in Mexico City. It is hoped to develop, probably in Chihua­ hua, a strong institution furnishing high grade instruction in preparatory and academic work for thje northern section of Mexico.

Colegio, Chihuahuense, Chihuahua. — Over 16 out of the 26 months in­ tervening between the mission meetings in 1915 and 1917 the school was in session practically all the time under the supervision of the Spanish teachers. The at­ tendance was larger than ever before in spite of the prevailing revolutionary situa­ tion, the enrolment rising to about 300. The completion of the new dormitory toward the end of 1915 placed the school in a position to develop its boarding de­ partment and it is expected that this will be a feature during the coming year. Under normal conditions the demand for the instruction given by this school would be wide-spread, ministering as it does to that great middle class in society which is the mainstay and hope of the nation.

Escuela el Progreso, Parral.—The missionaries, Miss Prescott and Miss Dunning remained at their posts until after the fighting which occurred in the spring of 1916 between the American and the Carranza soldiers. Since then the school has been under the care of a Mexican teacher assisted by the Mexican pastor. It is expected to continue the school simply as a day school until it is possible for the missionaries to resume oversight. The attendance is generally about 80.

Instituto Corona, Hermosillo. — Miss Smith assisted by the Mexican helpers carried on the school work until the close of the school year in 1916. The follow - ing fall several of the missionaries went to Hermosillo and reopened the school, Miss Long acting as principal. Miss Smith is expected to resume her post as principal with Miss Bissell as her assistant. The missionaries have lived upstairs while the school has occupied the low er part of the building. A better building is greatly needed and the funds for the same will doubtless be forthcoming as soon as it is possible to determine a definite policy for the educational work in that sec­ tion of the country. There are several departments in the school including the kindergarten and a kingdergarten training class. The last reported attendance was 50. SPAIN

Normal and Preparatory School for Girls, Barcelona. — While not seri­ ously effecting the school the influence of the war is shown in the increased cost of maintenance and the requests from parents for the reduction of school rates. Some were obliged to remove their daughters from the school because of the in­ creased expenses. The year was successful in all the academic departments as evinced in the examinations both in the Government Institute and in the Colegio. Only 3 girls received the school diploma because nearly all the older students were expecting to return the follow ing year to continue their studies. These graduate- were representative of influential Barcelona families. One of the graduates from the Music Department gained the highest honors over 19 others in a competitive examination in the Madrid Conservatory'. Some difficulties were introduced by conditions in the Faculty. The new Islands and Papal Lands 241 teachers from America, Miss Wyer and Miss Rosamond did not arrive until late in October. One of the Spanish teachers went to America to teach Spanish at Wellesley College. There was more or less illness among the Faculty, pupils, and servants. The total enrolment in all departments was 70 of whom 30 w ere boarders. The Faculty consists of 4 Americans and 6 Spanish teachers. A gift of $40 made it possible to enlarge and beautify the primary grade room. The religious life of the school was healthy as shown by the prompt ar d cheerful obedience to rules and a pleasant spirit of co-operation among the girls. The Christian Endeavor Society meetings attended by both Protestants and Roman Catholics were very helpful. One girl was received into the church, tut most of the older Protestant girls are already members. An enthusiastic Sunday School for the younger girls is conducted by one of the Spanish teachers.

The Station Schools. — I n connection with Bilbao station and the outstations 7 primary or elementary schools are conducted. In these are taught 470 boys and 309 girls, total 779. The children are of all ages between 6 and 13. The studies are rather elementary including reading, waiting, arithmetic and sewing with a smattering of geography, grammar and Spanish history. A half hour of Bible instruction is given in each school and is compulsory. Practically none of the schools have separate teachers. The pastor and his wife in each station are re­ sponsible for the maintenance of the schools. Their value aside from the educa­ tion given is that they attract the children and are an aid in building up a new generation of friends for the mission work. 242 Islands and Papal Lands

MISSIONS IN THE ISLANDS AND PAPAL LANDS Table of Statistics for 1916

Micro­ Philip­ Mexico Spain A ustria* nesia* pines Total

Population of field...... 32,245 751,407 472,000 1,500,00 1,226,00 3,981,65 Number of stations...... 5 2 3 2 1 13 Outstations...... 37 20 52 6 70 185

Missionaries, total ...... 7 11 11 5 4 38 Ordained...... 2 5 2 2 2 13 Physicians and others 1 1 2 W iv es...... 2 5 3 1 2 13 Single women...... 3 5 2 10 Special service ...... 3 1 1 4 9 i\ atives Laborers, total . . 133 41 24 30 30 258 Ordained preachers . . 21 1 2 4 18 46 Unordained preachers 51 7 3 2 7 70 T eacljers ...... 27 5 16 23 71 Bible women ...... Other helpers . . ... 34 28 3 1 66

Congregations ...... 158 13 24 8 58 261 Organized churches. . . 37 6 14 6 27 90 Communicants...... 4,634 1,427 1,156 227 2,108 9,552 Added, 1916 . . . 181 318 36 16 171 722 Total Constituency. . 6,600 Sunday Schools ...... 128 15 20 7 61 231 S. S. membership . 2,454 935 901 450 816 5,556

Schools, total ...... 93 5 5 8 111 Theological schools * 1 1 Students in theology 32 32 Secondary or Middle Sch ools...... 5 1 2 1 9 Students ...... 185 15 320 70 590 Other schools . 87 4 3 7 101 Students ...... 2,110 200 325 778 3,413 Total students ...... 2,327 215 650 848 4,040

Hospitals, dispensaries. . t(l) T reatm en ts...... 13,000

Native contributions .... S3,684 $258 $4,000 $674 $7,625 $16,241

fAn estimate ‘ Repeated from last year’s report. TABULAR VIEW OF THE MISSIONS OF THE A. B. C. F. M. FOR THE YEAR 1916-17

M issionaries N a t i v e L a b o r e r s C h u r c h S t a t i s t i c s E d u c a t i o n a l S t a t i s t i c s j

M i s s i o n s ministry ministry | for for 8 other other schools ordained 3 schools Training Classes "o Total constituency Added Added last year Ordained Physicians and men no t Single women W ives Ordained preachers Students Organized Organized churches Sunday Schools When When established Stations Out-6 tâtions Total missionaries Unordained preachers Students Primary, Elementary and Secondary Secondary or middle Communicants Sunday School membership Theological Schools and Students Teachers Other native laborers Pupils Native contributions Total native laborers Places of regular meeting Ü Total under instruction i i I Smith Africa: 11 07 n 1 in 11 33 s 17 133 136 628 285 95 7,312 500 5,880 67 2 285 1 9? 1 136 94 364 64 5,384 6 101 $ 18 323 Mlhuilesia Brandi 1893 3 5 3 6 2 8 19 13 20 8 41 8 2 338 03 600 3 225 1 10 2 574 3 165 749 112 \\(“it rientrai Africa ISSO fi 12 9 2 8 10 291 32 121) 75 235 134 5 1,427 105 9,750 13 3,175 75 5 273 79 3,000 6,341 1,208. ’Balkans ...... 1850 ■) 50 13 7 13 33 20 11 44 20 95 fil 2fi 1,457 25 4,340 61 2,839 1 4 1 78 4 256 18 439 777 4,500 'li\ pstcrn Turkey .. 181(1 fi 100 18 8 28 23 77 38! 3 fi 324 53 451 124 49 4,147 123 14,448 121 9,694 1 5 3 827 12 2,106 129 6,273 9,477 125,670 'Central Turkey ... 1847 4 (if) 7 2 17 9 35 17 27 291 08 403 07 37 0,664 140 22,701 77 13,851 1 7 3 480 18 1,434 128 6,344 8,273 50,336 1 Lastern Turkey ... 1 Sìlfi 5 95 11 2 Iti 10 39 27 34 238 51 350 81 51 3,080 172 13,751 72 0,141 1 10 2 435 16 550 112 6,744 7,384 16,121 M adura...... 1834 1(1 345 18 4 12 21 55 291135 332 334 830 412 34 8,989; 558 26,438 225 10,983 2 97 1 286 7 1,674 252 10,829 13,117 26,895 1813 in 151 11 3 19 15 48 43 44 444 77 608 159 8.1521 355 14,450 192 7,884 6 173 11 873 179 6,685 7,930 6,475 Ceylon ...... 18 Hi fi 23 3 3 0 fi 18 11 21 40fi 98 534 39 21 2,313 91 3,628 79 4,354 1 255 9 1,119 120 10,421 11,865 17,268 I'ooohow . 1847 5 OS 12 9 19 19 59 15 fil 230 84 390 101 71 2,622' 231 10,502 61 3,487 2 19 2 99 4 258 120 4,028 4,805 39,277 North China ...... 1854 8 137 27 11) 32 3fi 105 5 140 243 101 489 104 88 (1,403 842 13,352 30 2,895 1 8 2 63 11 487 144 3,606 4,164 19,173 South C hina ...... 1.883 1 33 3 5 3 11 3 30 35 11 79 34 20 3,354 135 5,000 14 500 1 5 27 766 771 7,650 Japan ...... 1K69 12 55 23 1 28 24 7 fi 74 55 60 22 114 90 *140 21,160 2,026 25,000 217 20.400 2 86 2 612 7 2,047 9 538 3,283 “71,896 'M ic ro n e sia ...... 1852 37 1 3 1 5 21 51 27 34 133 158 37 4,634 181 6,600 128 2,454 1 32 5 185 87 2,110 2,327 3,684 ^'Philippines...... 1903 20 :> 1 5 11 1 7 5 28 41 13 6 1,427 318 2,062 15 935 1 15 4 200 215 258 2M e x ic o ...... 187?. 52 9 1 5 3 11 2 3 1fi 3 ?,4 24 14 1,156 36 3,417 20 901 1 2 320 3 325 650 4,000 Spain ...... 187’ (i ?? 1 5 4 ? 93 1 30 8 fi 227 10 1,400 7 450 1 7(1 7 778 848 674 ’ A u s tr ia ...... 1872 1 70 2 2 4 18 7 30 58 27 2,108 171 6,500 61 816 7,625

T o tals ...... 103 1,470 17!) 55 219 220 5673 336 720 2,991 1,204 5,£05 1,960 724 86,970 6,211 189,819 1,463 94,269 22 554 18 3.277 139 12,605 1,485 68,635 89,077 $421,235 !

1. Fiirum i o f 1914 except missionaries 2. Figures of 2 years ago except missionaries 3. Last year’s figures, except missionaries

4. Inclining Kwni-ai Churches. 5. Of whom 47 are physicians. 1 REPORT OF THE TREASURER For the Year Ending August 31, 1917

RECEIPTS In receipts the year has proved to be the greatest that the Ameri­ can Board has ever known. The previous year was one of marked advance. This advance has been maintained and a further gain re­ corded of $40,489.45, making the total gain for the two year> 8146,145.52. Atthe beginningof last Julya deficit seemed impending, but August proved to be a wonderful month, and our receipts actu­ ally ran ahead $54,152.04 over the same month of the previous year. In the midst of the world war, and notwithstanding its many dis­ tractions and its multitudinous appeals, the American Board has re­ ceived the past year for current expenses the gratifying total of $1,247,715.99. This is the largest figure in our history, and that such a result was achieved is due to the loyalty7 and devotion of a multitude of friends. The gain was well distributed. Although the contributions of the churches are less than one-fourth of our total receipts, these contributions increased $16,000, and they were nearly S30,000 more than what the churches contributed three years ago. Legacies decreased a little, but an unusual year in maturing Condi­ tional Gifts was an important factor. ANALYSIS OF RECEIPTS Gifts from churches ...... $290,598.27 Gifts from individuals ...... 79,710.22 Matured Conditional Gifts ...... 73,261 46 Income from General Permanent F u n d ...... 25,990.4/ Income from D. Willis James Foundation and Higher Educational Work Endowment ...... 48,486.29 Income from Miscellaneous F u n d s ...... 46,215.94 Woman’s Boards...... 282,315.99 Sunday Schools and Christian Endeavor Societies. . . 13,719.13 Receipts for Special O bjects...... 168,303.8.^ Legacies ...... 189,114.37 From estate of Solomon H. Chandler, for use as speci­ fied in the will ...... 25,000.00 From estate of Sarah R. Sage, for use as specified in the w i ll...... 5 ,000.00 SI ,247,715.99 244 Report of the Treasurer 245

Conditional Gifts, Legacies, and Twentieth Century Fund

The maturing Conditional Gifts were $73,261.46, an increase of 826,385.72. Although such a large sum was taken from our Condi­ tional Gifts funds and used for current expenses, the Board received during the year new Conditional Gifts amounting to $121,846.75, leaving as the result a net increase in the Conditional Gifts funds of 846,401.75, and these Conditional Gifts in all now amount to SI ,144,126.59. The rapid growth of these funds shows how favor­ ably the Plan is regarded by our constituency; and as the Plan be­ comes more widely known, it is expected that many more of our friends will be attracted by its advantages. It seems probable that these funds will continue to have even a more rapid growth. The process continues of using for current expenses only one-third ()f what is received during the year from estates, adding to it one- third of the Twentieth Century Fund and one-third of the income of that Fund. By this process the Twentieth Century Fund has been decreased a little this past year, but the balance now in the Fund, after adding the other two-thirds of Legacy receipts, is $378,228.73, or only 814,045.48 less than the amount of the Fund a year ago.

The Twentieth Century Fund, September 1, 1916, was ...... ’ ...... 8392,274.21 The income during the year was ...... 17,245 .94 Cash receipts from estates (not including what was taken from the Chandler and Sage bequests) were. . 157,822.95

8567.343.10 One-third used for current expenses ...... 189,114.37

Balance September 1 , 1917 ...... 8378,228.73

Additions to Permanent Funds

Among the permanent Funds added during the year are the fol­ lowing: — 246 Report of the Treasurer

ANATOLIA COLLEGE TELFEYAN FUND, in­ come for aid and support of deserving Armenian students ...... $12,542.11 THE MABEL BAKER ANDERSON FUND, from estate of Mrs. Mabel Baker Anderson, Walla Walla, Wash., income for work in China ...... 9,400.00 EDWARD C. BODMAN FUND, income for Edward C. Bodman Ward in Men’s Hospital at Tehchow, China ...... 9,000.00 CONDIT GIFT, from Mr .and Mrs. Edgar M. Con- dit, income for current w ork ...... 10,000.00 DEWING FUND, from estate of Benjamin F- Dew­ ing, Boston, Mass., income for current work 10,000.00 FOOCHOW MISSIONARY HOSPITAL ENDOW­ MENT FUND, Income for hospital ...... 1,521.23 HIGHER EDUCATIONAL WORK ENDOW­ MENT, increased b y ...... 30,150.00 of which $30,000 was received from estate of Helen E. Carpenter, Holyoke, Mass. NOBLE FUND,from Mrs.Henry Noble MacCracken, Poughkeepsie, N. Y., for endowment of children’s beds in the Porter Hospital for Women, Tehchow, China ...... 1,000.00 HENRY SEDCAYICK FUND, by matured Condi­ tional Gift, income for current w ork ...... 500.00 MRS. NELLIE BUTTRICK STANTON FUND, by matured Conditional Gift of Rev. George F. Stan­ ton, income for current work ...... 600.00 TELFEYAN FUND, from estate of Sarkis G. Tel- feyan, New York, N. Y., income for educational work in Turkey ...... 43,897 41 SAMUEL WILDE FUND, additional, from estate of Mrs. Mary E. Wilde, Montclair, N. J., income for current work...... 8,679 .00 WOMAN’S MEDICAL MISSION ENDOWMENT, additional, from estate of Mary C. Taylor,Belvidere, 111., income toward salary* of Dr. Curr and expenses of McLeod Hospital, ('eyIon ...... 1,300.00

Total additions to our Permanent F u n d s ...... SI38,589.7.'' Report of the Treasurer 247

General Permanent Fund

Additions to the General Permanent Fund during the year amounted to $2,612.20, of which $1,000 was the gift of Mrs. Helen S. James, Williamsburg, Mass.; $1,600 was a legacy from the estate of George W. Mabie, Brooklyn, N. Y., and $12.20 was from the es­ tate of Alletta D. Pomeroy, Crete, Neb.

Fund for Disabled and Retired Missionaries

The Fund for Disabled and Retired Missionaries has received an increase of $403.12, and amounts now to $160,294.28. As stated last year, the increase of this fund to $500,000 is greatly desired. The increasing number of calls for the use of the income emphasizes this need. Advance Work in the Philippines

At the Annual Meeting of the American Board a year ago a reso­ lution was adopted, recommending the raising of a special fund of S25,000 for work in the Philippines. This fund now amounts to $6,697.75; and by vote of the Prudential Committee, the fund is to provide for the addition of one ordained missionary, one medical missionary, and one nurse; and to cover all expenses of outfit, traveling, teacher’s allowances, houses, etc. The ordained mis­ sionary has been found and will soon be on the field. The medical missionary and nurse have not yet been secured. The phenomenal development and the success of the work in the Philippines makes a stronger appeal than a year ago, not only for the completion of the fund as planned, but for greatly increasing it.

Co-operating Societies

We cannot be too grateful for what is being accomplished by our Co-operating Societies. They are worthy of the highest praise, and are proving themselves indispensable. The fact that the Ameri­ can Board has closed its books with a small surplus does not relieve the anxieties of the Woman’s Boards for securing funds necessary for their own work. The Canada Congregational Foreign Missionary Society has sent 84,109.49 for work in Africa, and the Mindanao Medical Missionary 248 Report of the Treasurer

Association 31,730.39 for medical work in the Philippines. The Oberlin-Shansi Memorial Association, in support of a valuable special work in China, has given S5,393. Besides what has passed through the treasury of the American Committee for Armenian and Syrian Relief, the American Board has received and forwarded direct during the year, for Armenian relief, $56,951.97. A further sum of $9,717.50 for the continuation of the support of Armenian orphans has been collected and remitted through our treasury by Miss Emily C. Wheeler, secretary of the National Armenia and India Relief Association for Industrial Orphan Homes.

Expenditures

After all the expenditures to the close of August 31, 1917, had been made, and these expenses deducted from the year’s current receipts, a balance remained at the credit of the Board of S3,586.25. Add­ ing to this amount the credit balance of the previous year, the sum in hand toward meeting the expenses of the new year was 84,503.60.

Urgent Need of Increased Receipts

Because of certain conditions now existing, it is apparent thal larger receipts will be needed if we are to maintain the work during the coming year. Exchange rates in several countries are becoming increasingly unfavorable. In China, where the Mexican silver dollar is in use, the United States gold dollar until recently would purchase two silver dollars or more. Now it will purchase only SI.35 in silver. To offset this loss in exchange it was found neces­ sary to increase our appropriations this last year SI2,168.78, and this was only two-thirds of the year. If this condition continues, many thousand dollars additional will be required to meet the ap­ propriations of the American Board and the Woman’s Boards for the full twelve months of the coming year. A larger number of missionaries are on furlough in this country than ever before at any one time. Their traveling expenses and their support will add to the budget of expense. The cost of trans­ portation and of forwarding supplies has increased nearly fifty per­ cent. It is evident that the cost of our work, conducted on the same basis as heretofore, will be greater this coming year. Report of the Treasurer 249

In Conclusion

At first glance all this array of figures may seem to have but little meaning, but these figures, made possible by you and many an­ other, have upheld the banner of the Cross along our far-flung battle line for another twelve months, and have provided a way for our missionaries to continue their needed service; and for some of them, amid scenes of peril, with plague and famine and persecution raging about them, to reach out a helping hand and to speak words of sym­ pathy and encouragement to literally thousands in their darkest and most desperate hour, when all other human friends were powerless to aid. 250 Report of the Treasurer

PECUNIARY ACCOUNTS

EXPENDITURES OF THE BOARD DURING THE YEAR ENDING AUGUST 31, 1917

COST OF THE MISSIONS

Mission to West Central Africa

Field expenses ...... S40,151.19 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this co u n try ...... 3,602.06 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to A fric a ...... 791.67 Traveling expenses from Africa ...... 692.61 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country . . . 314.58 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 1,771.02 $47,323.13

Rhodesia Branch, South Africa Mission Field expenses $15,024.91 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this co u n try ...... 1,289.87 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to A fric a ...... 2,127 .67 Traveling expenses from Africa ...... 1,682.92 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country .. 950.50 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 466.05 $21,541.92

Zulu Branch, South Africa Mission Field ex p en ses...... $51,593.71 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this co u n try ...... 3,891.11 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Africa ...... 2,415 .94 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ... 1,375.47 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 279 .63 S5 9,555. M)

Balkan Mission Field expenses...... §43,022.98 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this co u n try ...... 4,945 .20 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to Mission ...... 226.18 Traveling expenses from M ission ...... 414 68 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ... 1,055 55 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 46 .60 $49,711.19 Report of the Treasurer 251

Western Turkey Mission Field exp en ses...... $61,711.29 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this coun try...... 27,565.37 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to T u rk ey ...... 1,853.64 Traveling expenses from Turkey...... 345.85 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ... 1,412.25 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 93.29 $92,981.69

Central Turkey Mission Field exp en ses...... $32,928.47 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this coun try...... 6,132.65 Traveling expenses of missionaries from Turkey . . . 431.01 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ... 1,000.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 46.60 $40,538.73

Eastern Turkey Mission Field expenses ...... $23,383.10 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this co u n try ...... 10,922.60 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to T u rk ey ...... 1,560.67 Traveling expenses from Turkey .. .. 1,117.31 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country . . . 500.00 S37,483.68

Russian Turkey Mission Field expenses ...... $7,966.17 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 46.60 $8,012.77

Marathi Mission Field exp en ses...... *. S93,639.96 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this coun try...... 3,695.15 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to I n d i a ...... 1,427 .11 Traveling expenses from In dia ...... 4,340.15 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ... 511.80 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 559.27 $104,173.44

Madura Mission Field exp en ses...... $103,972.65 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this coun try...... 4,882.87 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to India ...... 6,886.12 Traveling expenses from India ...... 1,407 .27 Grants for missionaries'children in this country .. . 506 .25 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 1,584.60 $119,239.76 252 Report of the Treasurer.

Ceylon Mission Field expenses...... $22,094.02 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this coun try...... 1,684.31 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Ceylon...... 1,211.74 Traveling expenses from Ceylon ...... 50.00 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country ... 250.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 372.84 $25,662.91

South China Mission Field expenses ...... 811,207.83 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this co u n try ...... 1,250.03 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to South China ...... 1,188.11 Traveling expenses from South China ...... 342.39 $1 3 ,988.36

Foochow Mission Field expenses ...... $65,849.22 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this co u n try ...... 5,703.27 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to C h in a ...... 6,250.62 Traveling expenses from China ...... 2,573.63 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country . 1,445. 73 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 932.11 $82,754.58

North China Mission Field expenses ...... $177,615.01 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this co u n try ...... 4,875.08 Outfits, refits, and traveling expenses of missionaries to C h in a ...... 10;057.58 Traveling expenses from China ...... 4,262.99 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country .. . 793.74 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 1,677 . SI$199,282.21

Japan Mission Field expenses ...... $101,059.18 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this co un try...... 7,52^ ,58 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Japan ...... -1,861 86 Traveling expenses from Japan ...... 989,90 Grants for missionaries' children in this country . . . 845 . 83 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 652 48 Report of the Treasurer 253

Mission to Mexico Field expen ses...... : ...... $17,107.00 Expenses of missionaries in this country ...... 1,000.00 Traveling expenses of missionaries to Mexico 792.39 Traveling expenses from Mexico ...... 222.51 Grants for missionaries’ children in this country . . . 250.00 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 46.60 §19,418.50

Micronesian Mission Field expenses...... SI 1,094.97 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this coun try...... 2,918.42 Outfits and traveling expenses of missionaries to Micronesia ...... 1,291.30 Traveling expenses from Micronesia...... 250.30 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 652.48 $16,207.47

Mission to Spain Field exp en ses...... S2.7,300.49 Traveling expenses of missionary to Spain ...... 173.41 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 46.60 S27,520.50

Mission to Austria Field expenses ...... $11,189.24 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country ...... 336.81 Traveling expenses of missionaries from Austria .... 1,337.91 Grant for missionary’s children in this country .... 500.00 S13,363.96

Work in the Philippines Field exp en ses...... S14,018.54 Expenses of missionaries and their families in this country ...... 943.32 Traveling expenses of missionaries to Philippine Is la n d s ...... 1,826.52 Procuring and forwarding supplies ...... 46.60 $16,834.98

Total cost of missions ...... SI,111,533 47

COST OF COMMUNICATING INFORMATION

1. Agencies Salaries of District Secretaries and their assistants. . . $10,586. 71 Traveling expenses of Secretaries (including District Secretaries) ...... 1,447.39 1 raveling expenses of returned missionaries and others in this department ...... 2,701.90 254 Report of the Treasurer

Circulars, tracts, clerk hire, rent, postage, and sta- tionery ...... $6,947.90 Lantern slides ...... 432.54 Advertising ...... 843.80 Expenses Tercentenary Commission ...... 1,829.90 Expenses District Offices...... 3,333.54 Expense News Bulletins...... 4,373.18 $32,496.86

2. Young People's Department Clerk h ire ...... $2,506.08 Circulars, tracts, stationery and postage, $1,993.32 Less receipts from sale s ...... 199.90 1,793.42 $4,299.50

3. Publications Cost of Missionary Herald, including salaries of editor and general agent and copies sent gratuitously, according to the rule of the Board, to pastors, hon­ orary members, and donors $13,426.59 Deduct amount received from subscriptions, . $2,913.28 for advertising in Missionary Herald 484.64 income from M is­ sionary Herald F u n d ...... 123.90 3,521.82 $9,904.77 Annual Reports ...... 1,311.22 Year Book of Missions, SI,287.18, less $841.52 re­ ceived from sales,...... 445 .66 Clerk h ir e ...... 3,826.33 Pamphlets, tracts, Envelope Series, and miscellaneous printing, $2,152.52, less subscriptions and sales, S445.67 ...... 1,706.85 $17,194.83

COST OF ADMINISTRATION

1. Foreign Department Salaries of Secretaries (less amount received from Fund for Officers)...... $9,428. 85 Clerk hire, Stationen-, and postage...... 5,287.12 $14,715.97

2. Home Department Salaries of Secretaries (less amount received from Fund for Officers) ...... $10,366.32 Clerk hire, stationer}-, and postage ...... 2,064.69 $12,431 .01

3. Treasurer's Department Salary of Treasurer (less amount received from Fund for Officers;, clerk hire, stationery, and postage. . SI 1,810.67 Report of the Treasurer 255

4. Miscellaneous Charges Rent of Missionary Rooms, in p art ...... $5,646.93 Electric lights ...... 138.56 Furniture and repairs...... 1,233.57 Alterations in R o o m s...... 4,287.39 Part salary of Business Agent and salaries of clerks serving in all departments...... 3,245.83 Expenses of Annual Meeting ...... 1,142.98 Stationery, printing, and binding ...... 236.33 Postage stam ps...... 281.93 Certificates of honorary membership and commissions for new m issionaries...... 71.40 Legal expenses...... 490.26 Books and periodicals for library ...... 361.81 Insurance ...... 325.36 Rent of boxes in safe deposit vaults ...... 240.00 Bill of examiner of accounts, part year ...... 1,080.00 Care of rooms, exchange, and incidentals...... 961.80 Telephone service ...... 673.92 Maintaining Interdenominational Headquarters in New York ...... 2,000.00 Cablegrams and telegrams ...... 70.86 ------$22,488.93 Balance due from co-operating societies September 1, 1916 ...... 51,448.32 Balance at credit of Board September 1, 1917...... 4,503.60

$1,282,923.16

RECEIPTS

Balance at credit of the Board September 1, 1916 ...... $917 .35 Donations, as acknowledged in the Missionary Herald, including income from Sundry Funds ...... 1,002,611.15 One-third of legacies and Twentieth Century Fu n d ...... 219,114.37 Interest on General Permanent F un d ...... 25,990.47 Due from co-operating societies August 31, 1917...... 34,289.82

$1,282,923.16 256 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS

Principal Principal Sept. 1, 1916 Aug. 31, 1917 Income $518,915.25 General Permanent Fun d ...... $521,527 45 $25,990.47 45.076.50 Permanent Fund for Officers...... 45,076.50 2,088.47 972,974.84 Conditional Gifts Fund ...... 1,019,376.59 56,695.98 (Paid to Life Beneficiaries, $56,695.98) 50.000.00 Asa W. Kenney Fund (Conditional Gift) 50,000.00 2,636 .78 (Paid to Life Beneficiary, $1,318.41) 50.000.00 Danforth Gifts (Conditional Gift) .... 50,000.00 3,406.41 65,191.38 Anatolia College Endowment.. 65,191.38 3,321.06 (Income remitted direct to college) 76,633.88 St. Paul’s Institute Fund ...... 76,633.88 2,508.73 25.000.00 Harris School of Science Fund ...... 25,000.00 1,098.31 12.000.00 Bangor Churches Fund ...... 12,000.00 900.00 10.000.00 Minnie Seaside R e st ...... 10,000.00 596.00 100,761.62 Legacy of Solomon H. Chandler 77,601.51 4,215.73 392,274.21 Twentieth Century Fund ...... 378,228.73 17,245.94 25.000.00 Atherton Fund ...... 25,000.00 400.33 45.000.00 Clarke-Abbott Fun d ...... 45,000.00 3,246.08 3.621.00 Raynolds Fund ...... 3,621.00 88.80 122,053.00 Higher Educational Work Endowment 152,203.00 6,750.53 16.00 Estates Pending Settlement. 16.00 ...... 1,000,000.00 D. Willis James Foundation. 1,000,000.00 50,075.00 13.000.00 Sundry Gifts ...... 13,000.00 730.00 8.100.00 Washburn Fund, No. 1 ...... 8,100.00 410.00 27.306.50 William F. Merrill Memorial Fund ... 25,752.37 1,105.08 900.00 First Church, St. Loius, Fund ... 900.00 ...... 16,750.00 Washburn Fund, No. 2 (Conditional Gift) ...... 16,750.00 1,454.33 19,671.64 Julia A. Merrill Fund ...... 19,671 64 797.01 10.000.00 Mary P. Gill Fund...... 10,000.00 700.00 8.000.00 Eliza A. Potter Fund (Conditional Gift) 8,000.00 371.83 8.000.00 Jane C. Means Fund ...... 8,000.00 441.34 Condit G ift...... 10,000 .00 ...... Short Gift, Robert E. 10,000. 00 ...... Short Gift, Lizzie C. .. 5,400.00 ...... 20,359.34 Mission Scholarships: Cornelia A. Allis Scholarship $300.00 16.50 Andrews Scholarship 500.00 27.M> Jeannie Grace Greenough Crawford Scholarship . 1,000.00 60 00

$3,646,605.16 Amounts carried forward . $1,800.00 $3,692,050.05 S187.37S.21 Report of the Treasurer 257

TRUST FUNDS — Continued Principal Principal Sept. 1, 1916 Aug. 31, 1917 Income $3,646,605.16 Amounts brought forward SI,800.00 $3,692,050.05 $187,378.21 Marian Elwood Scholarship 400.00 22.00 Annie A. Gould Scholarship 1,550.00 85.25 Deacon Gates Mardin High School Scholarship 1 ,000.00 55.00 Norton Hubbard Scholar- s h ip ...... 1 ,000.00 55.00 Capron Hall Ives Scholar- s h ip ...... 2,000.00 110.00 J.S. Judd Doshisha Schol­ arship ...... 1 ,000.00 55.00 Norman T. Leonard Schol- arship 1 ,100.00 60.50 Hugh Miller Scholarship 1,650.00 90.75 Montgomery Memorial Scholarship ...... 140.56 8.00 Thornton Bigelow Penfield Scholarship . 500.00 27.50 Porter Scholarships .... 3,000.00 165 00 Ann E. Shorey Scholarship 625 00 34.37 Mary W. Thompson Schol­ arship ...... 500.00 27.50 Turvanda Topalyan Schol­ arship . 2,026.00 110.00 Joanna Fisher White Scholarship 650 00 35.75 Williams and Andrus Scholarship .. 1,417.78 77 42 20,359.34

$3,646,605.16 S3,712.409.39 $188,397.25

These Funds Constitute “ General Investments” Principal Principal Sept. 1. 1916 Aug. 31. 1917 Income $400.00 Ackley Endowment...... $400.00 $18 .66 1,233.53 Adoor Agha Trust Fund 1,291.11 57 . 58 250.00 Adkins, H. R ., F u n d ...... 250 00 1 1 ..66 7,674.41 Albert Victor Hospital Endowment. . 7,674.41 358..11 10,235.20 Alden Memorial Fund 10,235.20 477 .62 4,000.00 Allen Memorial Fund ...... 4,000.00 186 .66

S23.793.14 Amounts carried forward 823,850.72 S I,110.29 258 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS — Continued Principal Principal Sept. 1, 1916 Aug. 31, 1917 Income $23,793.14 Amounts brought forward...... $23,850.72 $1,110.29 1.000.00 Amelia Scholarship ...... 1,000.00 46.66 500.00 American College, Madura , Endow­ ment Fund ...... 500.00 23.33 2.000.00 Amherst College Neesima Endowment 2,000.00 93.33 250.41 Anatolia College Laboratory Fund .... 262.07 11.66 5,066.15 Arts and Crafts Fund ...... 5,066.15 236.41 4.750.00 AtteburyFund...... 4,750.00 221.66 7.815.00 Atwater Memorial F u n d ...... 8,015.00 368.58 Albert Victor Hospital Building Fund . 2,345.87 87.81 Anatolia College Telfeyan Fund 12,542.11 536.51 Anderson, Mabel Baker, Fund ...... 9,400.00 438.66 Atwood Memorial School Fund 10.00 .35 4,701.13 Bartlett Fund ...... 4,920.50 219.37 1.000.00 Bingham, Sibyl Mosley, Memorial ... 1,000.00 46.66 201.04 Bitlis Orphanage Fund ...... 210.42 9.38 Bodman, Edward C...... 9,000.00 369.44 2,682.37 Warren Newton Memorial Fund 2,682.37 125 .16 965.55 Boys’ Academy Fund, Hadjin ...... 965.55 45.08 1.000.00 BurraUFund...... 1,093.67 46.66 10.000.00 Ballou, Harriet, R., Fund ...... 10,000.00 466.66 5.000.00 Capen, Samuel B., Fund ...... 5,000.00 233.33 656.98 Capron Scholarship ...... 656.98 30.66 150.00 Church, Susan B., Memorial Fund. 150.00 7.00 1.000.00 Clark Fund ...... 1,000.00 46.66 500.00 Cutler Fund ...... 500.00 23.33 4.850.00 Coffin, H. R., Fund ...... 4,850.00 226.33 300.00 Dewey Scholarship ...... 300.00 14.00 14,740.37 Diarbekir Hospital Building Fund .. . 15,428.22 687.85 20.000.00 Diarbekir Hospital Endowment 20,000.00 933.32 395.50 Dnyanodaya Endowment Fund...... 395.50 18.48 Dewing Fund ...... 10,000.00 349.99 1,361.05 Farrington Fund. 1,361.05 63.51 15.000.00 Foochow College Professorship Endow­ m ent...... 15,000.00 699.99 500.00 Fowler, C. E., Memorial Fund 500.00 23.33 1.000.00 Fulton, Rogene T., Fund ...... 1,000.00 46.66 159,891.16 Fund for Disabled and Retired Mission­ a r ie s ...... 160,294.28 7,475.98 Foochow Missionary Hospital Endow­ m ent...... 1,521.23 29.57 1,740.10 Gates, C. F., Mardin H. S. Scholarship 2,775.49 81.19 800.00 Glenbrook Missionary Society Fund .. 800.00 37.33

$293,609.95 Amounts carried forward $341,147.18 $15,532.17 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS — Continued

Principal Principal Sept. 1, 1916 Aug. 31, 1917 Income

$293,609.95 Amounts brought forward...... $341,147.18 $15,532.17 1.000.00 Gordon, Rev. George A., Fund ...... 1,000.00 46.66 13,700.29 Gordon Theological Seminary Fund... 13,700.29 639.32 1,289.31 Green Hospital Local Endowment 1,289.31 60.15 773.57 Green Hospital Building Fund 809.69 36.12 7,249.46 Haik Evangelical Church Building Fund 7,587.74 338.28 4,936.06 Haik Evangelical Church Education Fund 5,166.40 230.34 400.00 Harriet Hazen Scholarship...... 400.00 18.66 2.655.00 Herald, Missionary, Fund ...... 2,810.00 123.90 500.00 Hill, A. Lewis, Endowment...... 500.00 23.33 5,134.34 International Hospital of Adana Fund. 5,134.34 239.58 International College, Smyrna, Endow­ m ent...... 1,000.00 3.89 7,777.69 Jaffna Medical Mission Endowment . 7,777.69 362.97 2.000.00 Jones, Henry, Scholarship ...... 2,000.00 93.33 1,606.68 Jubilee Scholarship ...... 1,606.68 74.99 1.000.00 Jones Fund ...... 1,000.00 46.66 173.86 Jordan, Arthur Stanwood, Fund .... 284.58 10.72 10,906.00 Kellogg, Orilla C., Fund ...... 10,906.00 508.94 2.650.00 Kodaikanal School Endowment 2,650.00 123.66 860.53 Lalitpur-Warren Fund ...... 860.53 40.18 208.00 Leeds, Samuel Penniman, Scholarship 208.00 9.71 2,002.36 Leonard, Amelia A., Fund ...... 2,002.36 93.42 2,226.77 Marash Academy Endowment 2,226.77 103.92 Marsovan Theological Sem. Scholarship F u n d ...... 51.55 1.55 1.800.00 Marash Theological Sem., Endowment F u n d ...... 1,800.00 84.00 1.500.00 Marash Theological Sem., Library F u n d ...... 1,500.00 70.00 3,201.30 Mar din F u n d ...... 3,350.67 149.37 1.500.00 Merriam, C., Female Scholarship . . 1,500.00 70.00 5.000.00 Moore, Hollis, Memorial Trust 5,000.00 233.33 266.99 Marsovan Seminary Building Fund 279 45 12.46 9,542.48 Mission Property Fund...... 14,217.68 355.84 16,602.15 Mission Property Insurance Fund . .. 15,862.23 709.11 365.00 Mills Memorial ...... 365.00 17.03 99.76 Martyn, Henry, Memorial Fund . .. 104.43 4.67 6,643.33 McLeod Hospital Local Endowment . . 6,643.33 310.00 10,000.00 North China College Endowment 10,000.00 466.66 Noble Fund...... 1,000.00 11.67 2,091.14 Pasco, Rev. Martin K., Fund ...... 2,108 71 97 .57

8421,272.02 Amounts carried forward ...... $475,850.61 $21,354.16 260 Report of the Treasurer

TRUST FUNDS — Continued Principal Principal Sept. 1, 1916 Aug. 31, 1917 Income $421,272.02 Amounts brought forward ...... $475,850.61 $21,354.16 10.000.00 Pasumalai Seminary Professorship Endowment...... 10,000.00 466.66 50.000.00 Pearsons, Mrs. D. K., Memorial En­ dowment Fund ...... 50,000.00 2,333.30 100.00 Penfield, W. W., Fund ...... 100.00 4.66 5.000.00 Poor, S. B., Memorial Fund ...... 5,000.00 233.33 100.00 Pelton, George Austin, Memorial Fund 100.00 4 .66 1.000.00 Pinkerton Fund ...... 1,000.00 46.66 400.00 Rice, A. J., Memorial Fund ...... 400.00 18.66 2,897.10 Richards, Cyrus S., Fun d ...... 2,897.10 135.19 428.56 Rogers, D., Miner Memorial Fund ... 428.56 20.02 167.00 Rockwood Scholarship...... 167.00 7.79 24,954.95 Sage, Sarah R., Funds...... 20,372.84 1,164.55 486.00 Satara Orphanage F u n d ...... 486.00 22.68 1,961.52 Schneider, Benjamin, Memorial Fund. 1,961.52 91.56 600.00 Severance, Solon, Scholarship...... 600.00 28.00 25.000.00 Smith, Elisha D., Memorial Fund . .. 25,000.00 1,166.65 1.000.00 Smith, Robert Stedman, Memorial Fund 1,000.00 46.66 31,706.69 Smith, William White, Fund ...... 31,706.69 1,479.64 220.39 Samokov Collegiate and Theological Institute Fund 230.65 10.26 100.00 Scudder, Samuel H., Fund ... 100.00 4.66 South Dennis Cong. Church Society F u n d ...... 4,063.00 158.00 Sedgwick, Henry, Fund ...... 500.00 17.50 Stanton, Mrs. Nellie Buttrick, Fund . . 600.00 16.33 . Shepard Memorial Fund ...... 10.12 .12 1,497.88 Tabarag Naimasrab Fund 1,567.78 69.90 9,118.60 Tienstin Property Fund ...... 9,902.56 438.96 Telfeyan Fund ...... 43,897 .41 1,877.79 .... Tufts Fund . 7,000.00 108.88 416.05 Uduvil G. B. School Scholarship Fund 416.05 19.41 638.20 Uduvil G. B. School Local Endowment 638.20 29.77 90.31 Uduppitty G. B. School Local Endow­ ment...... 90.31 4.20 1,081.58 Ussher, E. B., Memorial Hospital Fund 6,904.03 195.21 9,803.49 Van College Fund ...... 10,260.95 457.46 2,715.47 Vlanga Church Fund ...... 2,849.67 126.70 1,635.00 Washburn Scholarship ... . 1,635.00 76.29 389.00 Welsh Scholarship ...... 389.00 18.15 1.000.00 Wentworth, Albert, Fund ...... 1,000.00 46 66 23,100.00 W. B. M. I. Conditional Gift Fund 23,100.00 1,077.98 (Paid to Life Beneficiaries, Si, 171.00)

S628.879.81 Amounts carried forward S742.225.05 S33.379.06 Report of the Treasurer 261

T R U ST FU N D S — Continued Principal Principal Sept. 1, 1916 Aug. 31, 1917 Income $628,879.81 Amounts brought forward...... $742,225.05 $33,379.06 4,575.00 Woman’s Medical Mission Endowment 5,875.00 253.93 300.00 Wood, Elizabeth Richards, Memorial F u n d ...... 300.00 14.00 3,000.00 Williams Hospital Endowment...... 3,000.00 140.00 22,500.00 WUde, Samuel, F u n d ...... 31,179.00 1,117.48 458.91 Zeleny Fund ...... 480.33 21.42

$659,713.72 $783,059.38 $34,925.89 2Ö2 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS

ST O C K S

National Banks

Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Values 42 shares American Exch. National Bank, New Y ork...... $9,870.00 $8,436.00 50 “ Bank of America, New York ...... 27,250.00 16,000.00 60 “ Bay State National Bank, Lawrence, M ass...... 10,200.00 6,000.00 50 “ Chicago National Bank, Chicago 12.50 500.00 50 “ *Essex County National Bank, Newark, N. J ...... 9,000.00 2,500.00 50 “ *Fourth National Bank, Wichita, Kan. . 10,000.00 5,000.00 18 “ *Lee National Bank ...... 2,880.00 1,800.00 58 “ Merchanics & Metals National Bank, New York City ...... 17,980.00 9,288.50 34 “ Merchants National Bank, Boston 9,520.00 6,450.00 15 “ *National Newark Banking Co...... 2,700.00 750.00 43 “ National Shawmut Bank, Boston 8,815.00 5,695.38 10 “ Old Boston National Bank, Boston (in liquidation) ...... 80.00 000.00 12 “ Second National Bank, Boston ...... 3,600.00 2,280.00 30 “ Webster & Atlas National Bank, Boston. . 6,240.00 3,480.00

$118,147.50 $68,179.88

Trust Companies

109 shares Farmers Loan & Trust Co., New York C it y ...... $48,505.00 S34.702.50

R ailroads

103 shares Atch., T. & S. Fe R. R„ Preferred . S10,094.00 $10,081.08 134 “ Boston & Albany R. R. Co...... 20,100.00 32,907.50 303 “ Boston Elev. R. R. Co...... 17,271.00 35,244 .00 3 “ *Boston & Maine R. R., Common ...... 81.00 309.00 100 “ *Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Preferred ...... 10,700.00 12,840.50 67 “ *Chicago & Northwestern Ry., Common . 7,102 .00 8,262 4/ 3 “ *Concord & Montreal R. R., class 4 ...... 264.00 474.00 81 “ Conn. & Pass. Rivers R. R., Preferred . . 6,480.00 4,744. ?7 6 “ *Fitchburg R. R ...... 360.00 - 426.00

Amounts carried forward $72,452.00 $105,289.12 Report of the Treasurer 263

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS— STOCKS— Continued Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Values Amounts brought forward...... $72,452.00 $105,289.12 130 shares Illinois Cen. R. R. Co...... 13,260.00 15,987.50 15 “ *Louisville & Nashville R. R ...... 1,830.00 1,830.00 710 “ Maine Central R. R ...... 66,030.00 70,261.43 6 “ ^Manchester & Lawrence R. R ...... 600.00 1,308.00 168 “ *Manhattan Ry. Co...... 18,480.00 22,302.50 218 “ N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R. Co...... 6,758.00 29,481.15 610 “ Pennsylvania R. R. Co., par $50 ...... 31,720.00 37,005.63 100 “ *West End St. R. R. Co., Common, par $50 4,300.00 6,440.00

$215,430.00 $289,905.33

Insurance Companies 25 shares*Springfield Fire & Marine Ins. Co...... $5,000.00 $4,800.00

Industrials 133 shares Arlington Mills...... $14,763.00 $15,846.01 84 “ *Fairbanks, Morse & Co...... 7,980.00 10,712.50 188 “ *Farr Alpaca Co...... 31,396.00 7,833.00 200 “ General Chemical Co., Preferred 21,800.00 16,782.09 100 “ *Gilbert & Bennett Mfg. Co., par S50 . 7,500.00 3,750.00 100 “ Mass. Mills in Georgia ...... 9,400.00 10,260.00 14 ‘‘ *Seamless Rubber Co., Preferred ...... 1,050.00 700.00 156 “ *U . S. Steel Corp’n, Preferred...... 18,252.00 14,768.00

S112.141.00 $80,651.60

Miscellaneous 29 shares*American Chicle Co., Common ...... SI,450.00 $6,250.00 100 “ *American Sugar Refining Co., Preferred 11,500.00 11,662.50 500 “ American Tel. & Tel. Co...... 59,000.00 63,959.05 50 “ American Tel. & Tel., 3/4 pd. 4,500.00 3,675.00 12 “ *Barney & Smith Car Co., Preferred .... 540.00 360.00 90 “ *Bridgeport Wood Finishing Co., Pre­ ferred, par S25 2,250.00 1,125.00 18 “ Devonshire Building Trust ...... 450.00 1,898.21 400 “ *Great Lakes Steamship Co...... 72,800.00 20,000.00 5 “ *Hardy & Co...... 50.00 50.00 460 “ *Horr-Warner Co., Wellington, 0 ...... 4,140.00 4,358.40 /5 “ *Hutchins Securities Co., Preferred ...... 7,500.00 7,500.00 51 “ *Independent Telephone Co., Preferred .. 4,080.00 4,080.00

Amounts carried forward S168.260.00 $124,918.16 2Ó4 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — STOCKS — Continued Market Values Book August 31, 1917 V a lu e s Amounts brought forward...... $168,260.00 $124,918.16 35 shares*J. Hungerford Smith Co., Preferred . . . 3,500.00 3.500.00 31 “ *Kentucky Block Cannel Coal Co...... 31.00 1.860.00 10 “ *N assau & Suffolk Lighting Co...... 850.00 900.00 10 “ *New River Co., Common...... 210.00 10.00 22 “ *New River Co., Preferred...... 1,650.00 230.00 272 “ N. Y. Dock Co., Preferred...... 10,200.00 18,919.75 40 “ Northeastern Realty Co., Preferred . . 3,900.00 3.900.00 15 “ *Northwestern Telegraph Co., par $50 . 750.00 825.00 250 “ Pemberton Bldg. Trust ...... 7,500.00 25,000.00 6 “ *The Silversmiths Co., Common...... 360.00 540.00 33 “ *Tidewater Oil Co...... 6,699.00 4.125.00 52 “ *Union Stock Yards Co. of O m ah a...... 5,304.00 5.200.00 100 “ *Western Union Telegraph Co. 9,175.00 8.458.00 57 “ Worcester Elec. Light Co...... 15,960.00 9,790.60 78 “ Worcester Gas Light Co...... 11,700.00 15,295.10

$246,049.00 $223,471.61

BONDS

GOVERNMENT, CITY AND STATE

2,000 bonds'*Enid City, Okla., 6 per cent, 1935 . . $2,120 .00- $2,000.00 7,000 “ City of Minneapolis, 3£ per cent, 1933 6,230.00 6,440.00 27,000 “ City and County of San Francisco, City Hall, 5 per cent, 1936 .... 27,000.00 27,746.50 25,000 “ City and County of San Francisco, Exposition, 5 per cent, 1934 . . . 25,000.00 24,937.50 25,000 “ City of Tacoma, Spec. Water Fd., No. 2, 5 per cent, 1922/1925 .... 25,000.00 25,000.00 10,000 “ *Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 3£ per cent, 1923/1935 ...... 9,200.00 10,000.00 5,000 “ Dominion of Canada, 5 per cent, 1931 4,750.00 4,747.00 25,000 “ Gov’t of French Republic, Conv., 5^ per cent, 1919 ...... 24,500.00 24,750.00 500 “ *Montgomery Co., Tenn., Highway, 5 per cent, 1944 ...... 490.00 500.00 25,000 41 Province of British Columbia, 4^ per cent, Debentures, 1925 ...... 22,500.00 23,062.50 1,000 “ *Town of Takoma Park, Md., Water Works & Sewerage, 4 per cent, 1930 600.00 905.00

Amounts carried forward...... $147,390.00 $150,088.50 Report of the Treasurer 265

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Values Amounts brought forward...... $147,390.00 $150,088.50 100,000 notes United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Secured Loan, 5 per cent, gold, due September 1, 1918. 98,000.00 99,000.00 25,000 United Kingdom of Great Britian and Ireland, Secured Loan, 5| per cent, gold, due November 1, 1919. 24,875.00 24,812.50 25000 “ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Secured Loan, 5^ per cent, gold, due November 1, 1921. 23,750.00 24,625.00 150,000 “ United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, Secured Loan, 5^ per cent, gold, due February 1, 1919.. 149,250.00 148,605.00

$443,265.00 $447,131.00

R ailroads

2,000 bonds *Anacostia & Potomac Riv. R. R., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1949 ...... 82,000.00 $2,000.00 49,000 “ Atch., T. & S. Fe. R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4 per cent, 1995...... 42,385.00 45,639.60 22,500 Atch., T. & S. Fe R. R., Adjustments, 1995 ...... 18,225.00 19,214.15 9,000 “ *Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic R. R., 5 per cent, 1934 ...... 5,400.00 9,000.00 i n , 000 “ ^Baltimore & Ohio R. R., 4 per cent, 1941 ...... 7,800.00 8,250.00 1,000 “ *Baltimore & Ohio R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 1948 ...... 847.50 967.50 25,000 “ Baltimore & Ohio R. R., Ref. and Gen. Mtg., Series A, 5 percent, 1995 23,500.00 24,937.50 50,000 “ Boston & Albany R. R., 5 per cent, 1963 ...... 50,000.00 51,165.00 50,000 “ Boston & Albany R. R., 3 ^ per cent, 1952 ...... 35,000.00 41,530.00 3,000 “ *Boston & Maine R. R., 4 - i per cent, Januarv 1, 1944 ...... 2,070.00 2,030.00 25,000 “ Boston & Maine R. R., 4 per cent, 1926 ...... 20,000.00 21,500.00 10,000 “ Boston Elevated Rv., 4^ per cent, 1941 ...... 7,900.00 9,991.25 65,000 “ Boston FZlevated Ry., 5 percent, 1942 54,600.00 64,550.00

Amounts carried forward $269,727.50 $300,775.00 266 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Values

Amounts brought forward...... $269,727.50 $300,775. On 25,000 bonds Broadway & Seventh Av., 1st Cons. M tg., 5 per cent, 1943 ...... 20,000.00 25,500.00 5,000 “ Brooklyn Union Elev. R. R. Co., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent and 5 per cent, 1950 4,600.00 4,860.00 5,000 “ Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburg R. R., 4 1/2 percent, 1920, Equip...... 4,850.00 4,750.00 1 1 , 000 “ Canton & Massillon R. R., 5 per cent, 1920 ...... 10,505 .00 11,140.00 1,000 “ *Cape Girardeau & Chester R. R., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1934 ...... 500.00 776.66 25,000 “ Central Pacific Ry., 1st Ref. Mtg., 4 per cent, 1949 ...... 20,500.00 22,207.50 10,000 “ Cen. Vt. R. R., 1st Mtg., gold, 4 per cent, 1920 ...... 6,500.00 9,158.75 17,000 “ C., B. & Q. R. R., Co. 4 per cent, Gen. Mtg., 1958 ...... ! ...... 14,620.00 14,295.00 25,000 “ Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., 4 per cent Mtg., 1934 ...... 19,750.00 23,000.00 25,000 “ Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Gen. & Ref. Mtg., 4 f per cent, 2014 20,125.00 23,000.00 50,000 “ Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul R. R., Conv., 5 per cent., 2014 ...... 47,500.00 50,000.00 30,000 “ Chicago Railways Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1927...... 26,775.00 29,400.00 10,000 “ *Chicago, Rock Island & Pac. Ry., 1st Ref. Mtg., 4 per cent, 1934 . . 6,900.00 7,420.00 25,000 “ Chicago ,Rock Island & Pac. Ry., Gen. Mtg., 4 per cent, 1998 . . . . 20,000.00 21,367.50 10,000 “ Chicago & East. 111. R. R., 6 per cent, 1934 ...... 10,300.00 10,900.00 . 1,000 “ *Chicago & Northwestern Ry., 5 per cent, Deb., 1921 ...... 1 ,000.00 1,000.00 7,000 “ *Citv & Suburban Ry. Co., 4 per cent, 1930 ...... 6,300.00 8,188.42 10,000 Clev., Cinn., Chic. & St. Louis R. R., Gen. Mtg., 4 per cent, 1993 ...... 6,550.00 10,000.00 12,000 “ Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Co., 5 per cent ,1933 ...... 11,760.00 12,260.00 10,000 “ Columbus & 9th Av., 5 percent, 1993 8,000.00 9,850.00 10,000 " Current River R. R., 5 per cent, 1927 9,000.00 10,100.00

Amounts carried forward $545,762.50 $609,948.83 Report of the Treasurer 267

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Value Amounts brought forward...... $545,762.50 $609,948.83 50,000 bonds Delaware & Hudson Co., Conv., 5 per cent, 1935 ...... 47,500.00 50,439.42 3,000 “ *Des Moines City R. R., Co. Gen. & Ref. Mtg., 5 per cent, 1936 ...... 2,640.00 2,865.00 6,000 “ *Des Moines St. Ry. Co., 1st Mtg., 6 per cent, 1919 ...... 5,820.00 6,000.00 25,000 “ Fitchburg R. R., 5 per cent, January 1, 1934 ...... 22,500.00 24,375.00 2,000 “ *Georgia, Carolina & Nor. R. R. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1929 ...... 1,960.00 2,000.00 2,000 “ *Georgia So. & Florida Ry. Co., 1st Mtg. ,5 per cent, 1945 ...... 1,930.00 2,000.00 25,000 “ Illinois Central R. R., 1st Mtg., Col. Trust, 4 per cent, 1952 ...... 20,000.00 22,625.00 25,000 “ International Ry. Co. of Buffalo, N. Y., 5 per cent, 1962 ...... 2 1,000.00 23,650.00 24,000 “ Kan. City, Ft. Scott & Memphis R. R., Con. Mtg., 6 per cent, 1928 . . 24,240.00 25,776.25 2,000 “ *Kentucky Central Ry. Co., 4 per cent, gold, 1987 ...... 1,550.00 2,000.00 5,000 “ Lake Shore & Mich. So. R. R., 4 per cent, 1928 ...... 4,500.00 4,668.75 25,000 “ Lake Shore & Mich. So. R. R., 4 per cent, Debentures, 1931 ...... 22,625.00 23,062.50 15,000 “ Lexington Av. & Pavonia Fern- Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1993 ...... 12,000.00 14,775.00 10,000 “ Long Island R. R. Co., Ferry, 4^ per cent, 1922 ...... 9,000.00 8,982.50 15,000 Long Island R. R. Co., Unified Mtg., 4 per cent, 1949 ...... 12,300.00 14,062.50 5,000 “ Long Island R. R., Ref. Mtg., 4 per cent, 1949 ...... 4,100.00 4,725.00 10,000 “ Louisville & Nashville R. R., 1st Mtg., Col. Trust, 5 per cent, November 1, 1931 ...... 10,000.00 10,600.00 45,000 Maine Central R. R., 1st & Ref. Mtg., 4 i per cent, 1935 ...... 42,300.00 44,850.00 25,000 Mich. Cent. R. R., Debs., 4 per cent, 1929 ...... 20,375 00 23,000.00 25,000 Missouri, Kansas & Texas R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, June 6, 1990 . . . 17,000.00 18,912.50

Amounts carried forward §849,102.50 $939,318.25 268 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Values Amounts brought forward . .. $849,102 .50 $939,318.25 25,000 bonds Montreal Tramways Co., 5 per cent, 1941/1942 ...... 22,250.00 24,937.50 31,000 “ N. Y. Cen. R. R., Cons. Mtg., 4 per cent, 1998 ...... 23,870.00 29,667.11 25,000 r‘ N. Y. Cen. R. R., Reg. Ref. & Imp. Mtg., 4^ per cent, 2013 ...... 22,937.50 22,218.75 1,000 “ *N. Y. Central Lines, Equip. Trust, 5 per cent, 1919 ...... 990.00 1,000.00 50,000 “ N. Y., N. H. & H. R. R., 6 per cent, Con. Debs...... 47,500.00 56,967.75 10,000 “ *Nor. Pac. Ry. Co., Gen. Lien, gold, 3 per cent, due 2047 ...... 6,200.00 6,817.76 12,000 “ Nor. Pac. Ry. Co., Prior Lien, 4 per cent, 1997 ...... 10,215.00 9,247.05 30,000 “ Nor. Pac. & Gt. Nor. R. R., Joint C., B. & Q., Collateral, 4 per cent, 1921 28,800.00 16,527.52 10,000 “ Oregon Ry. & Nav. Co., Con. Mtg., 4 per cent, 1946 ...... 8,500.00 10,135.00 16,000 “ Oregon Short Line R. R., 1st Mtg., 6 per cent, 1922 ...... 16,720.00 17,760.50 30,000 “ Oregon Short Line R. R., gold, 4 per cent, 1929 ...... 26,100.00 28,406.26 15,000 “ Oregon Short Line R. R., Con. Mtg., gold, 5 per cent, 1946 ...... 15,450.00 12,445.27 50,000 “ Pacific Ry. of Missouri, 2d Mtg., 5 per cent, 1938 ...... 50,000.00 50,246.25 50,000 “ Penn. R. R. Co., Gen. Mtg., 4 5 percent, 1965...... 46,000.00 48,980.00 12,000 “ St. Joseph & Gr. Island R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 1947...... 8,040.00 11,320.CO 27,000 “ St. Louis, Iron Mountain & So. Ry., 5 per cent, 1931 ...... 25,515.00 26,062.50 10,000 “ St. Paul & Duluth R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 1968 ...... 7,900.00 10,050.00 25,000 " Southern Pacific Co., 1st Mtg. (San Fran. Terminal), 4 per cent, 1950 . 20,031.25 21,250.00 16,000 “ Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 1946 ...... 12,800.00 15,793.75 5,000 “ Union Pacific R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 1947 ...... 4,5C0.r0 4,970 CO 14,000 “ Union Pacific R. R., 1st Lien & Ref. Mtg., 4 per cent, 2008 ...... 11,830.00 12,390.CO

Amounts carried forward...... 81,265,251.25 SI, 376,511.22 Report of the Treasurer 269

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Values Amounts brought forward...... $1,265,251. 25$1,376,511. 22 26,000 bonds West End St. Ry. Co., 4§ per cent, 1936 20,280.00 24,960.00 10,000 “ Wisconsin Cen. R. R., 1st Mtg., 4 per cent, 1949 ...... 7,500.00 9,075.83 5,000 “ *Certif. Empire Trust Co., for 2d Mtg. Bonds, Middleton, Unionville & Water Gap R. R. (one-fourth interest) 5.00 5.00 $1,293,036.25 $1,410,552.05 Telephone Companies

151,000 bonds Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., 4 percent, 1929. . SI 29,105 .00 $138,183.75 51,000 “ Am. Tel. & Tel. Co., Col. Trust, 5 per cent, 1946 ...... 49,087.50 50,056.25 5,000 “ Cumberland Tel. & Tel. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1918...... 50,000.00 5,000.00 33,000 “ N. E. Tel & Tel. Co., 5 per cent, 1932. . 31,515.00 33,000.00 50,000 “ New York Tel. Co., 4 5 percent, 1939. 46,750.00 48,477.50 25,000 “ Southern Bell Telephone Co., 5 per cent, 1941 ...... 23,500.00 24,000.00 5,000 “ W est. Tel. & Tel. Co., 5 per cent, 1932 4,600.00 4,800.00 10,000 “ Western Union Telegraph Co., 4? per cent, 1950 ...... 9,225.00 9,000.00 $298,782.50 $312,517.50 Industrials 49,000 bonds American Agr. Chemical Co., 1st Mtg. 5 per cent, 1928...... 49,183.75 $49,500.00 27,000 “ Am. Writing Paper Co., 1st Mtg., gold, Sinking Fund, 5 per cent, due Oct. 1, 1919...... 23,760.00 23,588.75 50,000 “ Central Leather Co., 5 per cent, 1st Mtg., 1925 ...... 49,250.00 49,031.25 9,000 “ Crompton & Knowles, Loom Works. Debs., 6 per cent, 1918/20 . . 9,000.00 8,250.00 75,000 " International Paper Co., 1st & Ref. Mtg., 5 per cent, Series A, 1947 . . . 74,250.00 74,955 00 25,000 “ International Steam Pump Co., 5 per cent, 1929, Ctfs. of D e p o sit...... 17,500 00 24,125.00 20,000 “ United Fruit Co., 4.‘. per cent, 1923. 19,100.00 19,325.00 5,000 “ U. S. Envelope Co., 5 per cent, 1st. Mtg., gold, 1918 ...... 5,000.00 4,903.50 25,000 “ U. S. Rubber Co., 6 per cent, 1918 25,500.00 25,000.00 100,000 “ *[' S. Steel Corp., 5 per cent, S. F., 1963...... 103,750.00 100,000.00 S3 76,293 75 S37S,67S.50 270 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Miscellaneous Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Values 8.000 bonds *Adams Express Co., Col. Trust, gold, 4 per cent, 1947...... $5,760.00 $7,690.00 25.000 “ Adirondack Electric Power Cor., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1962 ...... 22,500.00 24,875.00 50.000 “ American Foreign Securities Co., 5 per cent, Aug. 1, 1919 ...... 47,750.00 49,123.75 1.000 “ ‘American Real Estate Co., N. Y., 6 per cent, 1917 ...... 160.00 1,000.00 25.000 “ Arcade Building & Reality Co., Seattle, 6 per cent, 1926 ...... 25,000.00 25,000.00 50.000 “ Armour & Co., real estate, 1st Mtg., 4£ percent, 1939 ...... 45,000.00 46,365.00 17.000 “ *Bitter Root Valley Irrigation Co., 1st Mtg., 6 per cent, 1916/1919 ...... 3,910.00 17,000.00 10.000 “ Boston Terminal Co., 3£ per cent, 1947 8,000.00 10,250.00 2.000 “ ‘Burlington Gas Light Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1955...... 1,820.00 2,000.00 2.000 “ ‘Chattanooga Elect. Ry. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1919...... 1,940.00 2,000.00 10.000 “ Chic. Junct. Rys. & Union Stock Yards Co., 4 per cent, 1940 ...... 8,650.00 10,187.50 50.000 “ Cleveland Electric 111. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1939...... 47,500.00 50,000.00 15.000 “ Colo. Fuel & Iron Co., Gen. Mtg., S. F., 5 per cent, 1943...... 13,350.00 13,500.00 5.000 “ Colorado Springs Elee. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1920...... 4,875.00 5,000.00 15.000 “ Columbus Ry., Power & Light Co., 1st Ref. & Ext. Sink. Fd., 5 per cent, 1940...... 12,750.00 14,700.00 4,500 “ ‘Commonwealth Water & Light Co. of N. J., 1st & Ref., 5 per cent, 1945 . 4,230.00 4,307.50 23.000 “ Consolidated Gas Co. of N. Y., Conv. Debs., 6 percent, 1920 ...... 24,178.75 26,288.75 5.000 “ ‘Consolidated Lighting Co. of Vt., 1st Mtg., 5 percent, 1926 ...... 4,750.00 4,700 00 50.000 “ Consumers’ Power Co., 1st Lien and Ref., 5 per cent, 1936 ...... 45,500.00 48,500.00 322,000 “ ‘Dawson Ry. & Coal Co., 5 per rent, 1951...... 322,000.00 322,000.00

Amounts carried forward...... $649,623.75 $684,487.50 Report of the Treasurer 271

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Values Amounts brought forward $649,623.75 $684,487.50 500 bonds *Delawrare Water Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, Aug. 1, 1934 ...... 460.00 500.00 25,000 “ Detroit Edison Co., 5 per cent, due Jan. 1, 1933, 1st Mtg., g o ld ...... 25,000.00 25,250.00 2,000 “ *Galesburg Ry. & Light Co., 1st Cons. Mtg., 5 per cent, 1934 ...... 1,700.00 2,000.00 15,000 “ Grand River Coal & Coke Co., 1st Mtg. 6 per cent, 1919...... 14,250.00 15,000.00 2,000 “ *Lake Placid Co., 1st Ref. Mtg., 6 per cent, 1940 ...... 1,600.00 1,600.00 6,000 “ Louisville & Jeffersonville Bridge Co., 4 per cent, 1945...... 4,500.00 6,000.00 1,000 “ *Macon Ry. & Light Co., 1st Cons. Mtg., 5 per cent, 1953 ...... 935.00 1,000.00 20,000 “ Massachusetts Gas Co., 4^ per cent, 1931...... 17,200.00 19,350.00 500 “ *Middlesex Banking Co., Middletow'n, Conn., 5 per cent, 1915...... 100.00 500.00 25,000 “ Montreal Light, Heat & Power Co., 4^ per cent, 1932 ...... 22,000.00 23,625.00 16,000 “ New England Co., 1st Mtg., gold, 4| per cent, 1920 ...... 15,200.00 16,220.00 461,000 “ *New Mexico Ry. & Coal Co., 1st Cons. Mtg., 5 per cent, 1947 and 1951 461,000.00 461,000.00 10,000 “ *People's Gas Light & Coke Co., Chi­ cago, Ref. Mtg., 5 per cent, 1947.. . 9,100.00 10,000.00 5,000 “ Pleasant Valley Coal Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1928 ...... 4,150.00 5,250.00 25,000 “ Portland Gen. Elect. Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1935 ...... 22,750.00 25,550.00 8,000 “ Puget Sound Power Co., 5 per cent, 1933...... 7,200.00 8,160.00 1,000 “ *St. Cloud Public Service Co., 1st Mtg., 6 per cent, 1934...... 950.00 1 ,000.00 10,000 “ *San Dimas Water Co., 1st Mtg., 6 per cent, 1942 ...... 9,200.00 10,000.00 25,000 “ Scranton & Wilkes-Barre TractionCor., 1st Ref., 5 per cent, 1951 .... 22,500.00 23,750.00 33,000 “ Southern California Edison Co., 5 per rent, Gen. Lien, 1939 ...... 28,710.00 32,284.99

Amounts carried forward SI,318,128.75 SI,372,527.49 272 Report of the Treasurer

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Values Amounts brought forward $1,318,128. 75 $1,372,527.49 25.000 bonds Southern Calif. Edison Co., 6 per cent, Gen. & Ref. Mtg., 1919 ...... 24,750.00 24,656.25 1.000 “ "“Southern Light & Traction Co., 5 per cent, Col. Trust, 1949 ...... 880.00 1,000.00 25.000 “ Southern Power Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1930 ...... 23,500.00 25,000.00 2.000 “ "Terminal R. R. Assn. of St. Louis, 1st Mtg., 4§ per cent, 1939 ...... 1,920.00 1,955.00 21.000 “ Terminal R. R. Assn. of St. Louis, 1st Mtg., 5 percent, 1944 20,790.00 24,178.33 10.000 “ Union Electric Light & Power Co., St. Louis, Ref. and Ext. Mtg., 5 percent, 1923...... 8,500.00 10,000.00 5.000 “ *Union Traction Co. of Indiana, Gen. Mtg., 5 percent, 1919 4,700.00 4,750.00 25.000 “ United Electric Securities Co., Col. Trust, sinking fund...... 23,500.00 24,687.50 3,880 “ U. S. of Mexico, External Mtg., gold, 5 percent, 1915 ...... 2,095.20 3,952.75 10.000 “ U. S. Mtg. & Trust Co., 4 per cent, 1922...... 9,100.00 10,000.00 2.000 “ *Urbana & Champaign Ry., Gas & Electric Co., 1st Cons. Mtg., 5 per cent, 1929 ...... 2,000.00 2,000.00 50.000 “ Utah Power & Light Co., 1st Mtg., 5 percent, 1944 ...... 43,125.00 47,375.00 26.000 “ Utica Gas & Electric Co., 5 per cent, Ref. and Ext. Mtg., 1957 ...... 24,700.00 25,960.00 1.000 “ ’Vermont Power & Lighting Co., 1st Mtg., 5 percent, 1927 ...... 960.00 1,000.00 25.000 “ Washington Water Power Co., 1st Ref. Mtg., 5 percent, 1939 ...... 23,750.00 25,000.00 2.000 “ *Waterviiet Hydraulic Co., 1st Mtg., 5 per cent, 1940...... 200.00 1,500.00 8.000 “ *Whitestown Water Works, 1st Mtg., 5 percent, 1920...... 7,040.00 7,840.00

$1,539,638.95 SI,613,382 .32

SHORT TIME NOTES

12,500 notes Boston & Maine R. R., 5 per cent, Feb. 3 ,1 9 1 4 ...... $11,250.00 S12.45S.6') Report of the Treasurer 273

INVESTMENT OF TRUST FUNDS — BONDS — Continued

MORTGAGES AND NOTES

Market Values Book August 31, 1917 Values Sundry Notes and Mortgages ...... $429,439.00 $429,439.00

REAL ESTATE

*Lands and Buildings ...... $159,909,81 $159,909.81

LEGACY SOLOMON H. CHANDLER

"“Investments Legacy Solomon H. Chandler...... $59,557.50 $77,073.50 Bequest provides the use annually of $25,000

ESTATES PENDING SETTLEMENT

*Securities received from estates awaiting sale S16.00 $16.00

SUMMARY OF INVESTMENTS

National Bank Stocks...... $118,147.50 $68,179.88 Trust Companies Stocks...... 48,505.00 34,702.50 Railroad Stocks ...... 215,430.00 289,905.33 Insurance Companies Stocks ...... 5,000.00 $4,800.00 Industrial Stocks...... 112,141.00 80,651.60 Miscellaneous Stocks...... 246,049.00 223,471.61 Government, City and State Bonds ...... 443,265.00 447,131.00 Railroad Bonds ...... 1,293,036.25 1,410,552.05 Telephone Bonds...... 298,782.50 312,517.50 Industrial B onds ...... 376,293.75 378,678.50 Miscellaneous Bonds...... 1,539,638.95 1,613,382.32 Short Time Notes ...... 11,250.00 12,458.69 Mortgages and Notes ... .. 429,439 00 429,439.00 Real E s ta te ...... 159,909.81 159,909.81

S5,296,887. 76 S5,465,779 79 Investments Legacy Solomon H. Chandler...... 59,557.50 77,073.50 Securities received from estates awaiting sa le ...... 16.00 16.00

$5,356,461.26 S5.542,869.29

‘ Securities received as gifts or from estates. 274 Report of the Treasurer

Cash ASSETS Old Colony Trust Co...... $64,435.41 National Shawmut Bank ...... 1,950.61 Petty Cash ...... 2,950.00 ------$69,336.02 Bills Receivable...... $ 10,000.00 Temporary Loan, Brousa Property ...... 500.00 ------10,500.00 Miscellaneous Personal Ledger Accounts. Debit Balances $44,594.85 Branch Office New York ...... 142.90 “ “ Chicago...... 762.91 “ “ San Francisco...... 259.59 Co-operating Societies...... 34,289.82 Charge Sales ...... 12.48 — ------— 80,062.55 Inventory ...... 8,321.79 Investments Funds Invested Separately. Schedule No. 1. $2,092,634.15 General Investment Funds. Schedule No. 2 . 782,269.5 3 Conditional Gifts Fund ...... 1,018,370.33 General Permanent Fun d ...... 520,831.27 Permanent Fund for Officers ...... 44,685.44 Temporary Investments...... 1,084,078.57 ------5,542,869.29

§5,711,089.65 LIABILITIES Bills payable...... $237,500.00 Mission Drafts Payable .. 158,795.77 ------$396,295.77 Baring Bros. & Co ...... $50,996.79 Woman’s Board Deposit Account...... 75,000.00 Harpoot Special Deposit ...... 101,152.70 W. W. Peet Sundry Deposits ...... 24,686.32 Mission Advance Accounts ...... 151,490.36 Personal Ledger Accounts. Credit Balances .. 169,105.55 Outfits and Refits Account ...... 9.47 —-----—--- 572,441.19 Funds Funds Invested Separately. Schedule No. 1 . .§2,126,428.85 General Investment Funds. Schedule No. 2 .. 783,059.38 Conditional Gifts Fund ...... 1,019,376.59 General Permanent Fund ...... 521,527 45 Permanent Fund for Officers ...... 45,076.50 Miscellaneous Funds. Schedule No. 3 ...... 97,083.77 ------— 4,592,552.54 Amount carried forward §5,561,289.50 Report of the Treasurer 275

LIABILITIES — Continued

Amount brought forward...... $5,561,289.50 Income Accounts From Funds Invested Separately. Schedule No. 1 $24,794.99 From General Investment Funds, Special. Sched­ ule No. 2 ...... 666.79 ------25,461.78 Reserves Investment Reserve Account ...... $77,341.14 Exchange Reserve...... 26,524.86 West Central Africa Trade Goods ...... 15,968.77 ------119,834.77 Surplus Balance at beginning of year, September 1, 1916 . $917.35 Additional at end of year, August 31, 1917 .... 3,586.25 ------4,503.60

$5,711,089.65

Schedule No. 1 Funds Invested Separately

Funds Investments Incomes Anatolia College Endowment ...... $65,191.38 $65,051.25 S3,321. 06 Atherton F u n d ...... 25,000.00 25,000. 00 Bangor Churches Fund ...... 12,000.00 12,000. 00 (’handler, Legacy of Solomon H ...... 77,601.51 77,073. 50 Clarke-Abbott Fund...... 45,000.00 44,633. 00 Dr. 921. 88 Condit G i f t ...... 10,000.00 10,000.00 Danforth Gifts (Conditional Gift) .... 50,000.00 49,968. 75 Dr. 870. 41 Estates Pending Settlement...... 16.00 16. 00 First Church of St. Louis Fund .... 900.00 776. 66 Gill, Man- P., Fund ...... 10,000.00 10,000.00 Harris School of Science Fund ...... 25,000.00 24,788 42 418 .31 Higher Educational Work Endowment. 152,203.00 151,891, 25 11,380..48 James, D. Willis, Foundation...... 1 ,000,000.00 1 ,000,000 .00 8,855..79 Kenney, Asa W., Fund (Conditional G ift )...... ' ...... 50,000.00 50,000 .00 Means, Jane C., Fund ...... 8,000.00 7,985 .00 65 .38 Merrill, Julia A., Fund .... 19,671.64 17,887 .00 Merrill, William F., Memorial Fund . 25,752.37 21,400 .00 Minnie Seaside Rest ...... 10,000.00 10,000 .00 473 .91 Mission Scholarships...... 20,359.34 19,478 .50 1,441 .22 l’otter, Eliza A., Fund (Conditional G if t ) ...... 8,000.00 500 .00 504 .91

Amounts carried forward...... SI ,614,695.24 $1,598,449.33 $26,461 .06 276 Report of the Treasurer

LIABILITIES — Continued Funds Investments Incomes Amounts brought forward $16,14,695.24 $1,598,449.33 $26,461.06 Raynolds Fund ...... 3,621.00 3,465 .00 126.22 St. Paul’s Institute F un d ...... 76,633.88 58,617.50 Sundry G ifts ...... 13,000.00 13,000.00 Short Gift, Robert E ...... 10,000.00 10,000.00 Short Gift, Lizzie C...... 5,400.00 5,400.00 Twentieth Century Fun d ...... 378,228.73 378,952.32 Washburn Fund, No. 1 ...... 8,100.00 8,100.00 Washburn Fund, No. 2 (Conditional G if t ) ...... 16,750.00 16,650.00

$2,126,428.85 $2,092,634.15 $26,587.28 1,792.29

$24,794.99

Schedule No. 2 General Investment Funds Funds Special Incomes Ackley Endowment ...... S400.00 Adkins, H. R., Fun d ...... 250.00 Adoor Agha Trust Fund ...... 1,291.11 Albert Victor Hospital Endowment...... 7,674.41 Aiden Memorial Fund ...... 10,235.20 Allen Memorial Fund...... 4,000.00 Amelia Scholarship ...... 1,000.00 American College, Madura, Endowment Fund ...... 500.00 Amherst College Xeesima Endowment ...... 2,000.00 Albert Victor Hospital Building F u n d ...... 2,345 .87 Anatolia College Laboratory Fun d ...... 262 .0/y Anatolia College Telfeyan F u n d ...... 12,542 11 Anderson, Mabel Baker, Fund ...... 9,400.00 Arts and Crafts Fund ...... 5,066.15 Atterbury Fund ...... 4,750.00 Atwater Memorial Fund ...... 8,015.00 Atwood Memorial School Fund ...... 10.00 Ballou, Harriet R., Fund...... 10,000.00 Bartlett Fund ...... 4,920.50 Bingham, Sibyl Mosley, Memorial...... 1,000.00 Bitlis Orphanage Fund ...... 210 .42 Boys’ Academy Fund, Hadjin ...... 965 .55 Burrall Fund ...... 1,093.67 Bodman, Edward C., Fund...... 9,000.00 Capen, Samuel B., Fund ...... 5,000 00

Amount carried forward $101,932.06 Report of the Treasurer 277

LIABILITIES — Continued

Funds Special Incomes Amount brought forward ...... $101,932.06 Capron Scholarship...... 656.98 Church, Susan B., Memorial Fund ...... 150.00 Clark F u n d ...... 1,000.00 Coffin, H. R., F u n d ...... 4,850.00 Cutler Fund ...... 500.00 Dewey Scholarship ...... 300.00 Dewing Fund...... 10,000. 00 Diarbekir Hospital Building Fund...... 15,428.22 Diarbekir Hospital Endowment . 20,000.00 $289.73 Dnyanodaya Endowrment Fund ...... 395.50 Farrington Fund ...... 1,361.05 Foochow Missionary Hospital Endowment 1,521.23 Foochow College Professorship Endowment...... 15,000.00 98.26 Fowler, C. E., Memorial Fund ...... 500.00 Fulton, Rogene T., F un d ...... 1,000.00 Fund for Disabled and Retired Missionaries ...... 160,294.28 Gates, C. F., Mardin High School Scholarship 2,775.49 Glenbrook Missionary Society Fund ...... 800.00 Gordon, Rev. George A., F u n d ...... 1,000.00 Gordon Theological Seminary’Fund .. 13,700.29 Green Hospital Building Fund ...... 809.69 Green Hospital Local Endowment...... 1,289.31 Haik Evangelical Church Building Fund ...... 7,587.74 Haik Evangelical Church Education Fund . ... 5,166.40 Harriet Hazen Scholarship...... 400.00 Hill. A. Lewis, Endowment...... 500.00 International Hospital, Adana, Fund . 5,134.34 International College, Smyrna, Endowment 1,000.00 Jaffna Medical Mission Endowment...... 7,777.69 Jones F u n d ...... 1 ,000.00 Jones, Henry, Scholarship . 2,000.00 Jordan, Arthur Stanwood, F un d ...... 284.58 Jubilee Scholarship ...... 1,606 .68 Kellogg, Orilla C., Fund . . 10,906.00 Kodaikanal School Endowment ...... 2,650.00 Lalitpur-Warren Fund ...... ’ ...... 860.53 Leeds, Samuel Penniman, Scholarship...... 208.00 Leonard, Amelia A., Fund ...... 2,002.36 Marash Academy Endowment...... 2,226.77 Marash Theological Seminary Endowment Fund ... 1,800.00 Marash Theological Seminary' Library Fund ...... 1,500.00 Mardin Fund ...... 3,350.67

Amounts carried forward $413,225.86 $387.99 278 Report of the Treasurer

LIABILITIES — Continued Funds Special Incomes Amounts brought forward ...... $413,225.86 $387.99 Marsovan Seminary Building F un d ...... \ . 279.45 Martyn, Henry, Memorial Fund ...... 104.43 Marsovan Theological Seminary Scholarship Fund .. 51.55 Merriam, C., Female Scholarship...... 1,500.00 78.81 Mills Memorial ...... 1 ...... 365.00 Mission Property Fund ...... 14,217.68 Mission Property Insurance Fund ...... 15,862.23 Missionary Herald Fund ...... 2,810.00 Moore, Hollis, Memorial T ru st ...... 5,000.00 McLeod Hospital Local Endowment...... 6,643.33 Newton, Warren, Memorial Fund ...... 2,682.37 North China College Endowment...... 10,000.00 Noble Fund ...... •...... 1,000.00 Pasco, Rev. Martin K., Fund...... 2,108.71 Pasumalai Seminary Professorship Endowment 10,000.00 Pearsons, Mrs. D. K., Memorial Endowment Fund.. 50,000.00 Pelton, George Austin, Memorial Fund ...... 100.00 Penfield, W. W., Fund ...... 100.00 Pinkerton Fund...... 1,000.00 46.66 Poor, S. B., Memorial Fund ...... 5,000.00 Rice, A. J., Memorial Fund ...... 400.00 Richards, Cyrus S., Fund ...... 2,897.10 Rockwood Scholarship ...... 167.00 Rogers, D. Miner, Memorial Fund ...... 428.56 Samokov Collegiate and Theological Institute Fund 230.65 Sage, Sarah, R., F u n d s...... 20,372.84 Satara Orphanage Fund ...... 486.00 Schneider, Benjamin, Memorial F u n d ...... 1,961.52 Scudder, Samuel H., Fund ...... 100.00 Severance, Solon, Scholarship ...... 600.00 Smith, Elisha D., Memorial Fund ...... 25,000.00 Smith, Robert Stedman, Memorial Fund ...... 1,000.00 Smith, William White, F u n d ...... 31,706.69 South Dennis Congregational Church Society Fund . 4,063.00 158.00 Sedgwick, Henry', Fund ...... 500.00 Stanton, Mrs. Nellie Buttrick, Fund...... 600.00 Shepard Memorial Fund ...... 10.12 Tabarag Naimasrab Fund ...... 1,567.78 Telfeyan Fund...... 43,897.41 Tientsin Property Fund...... 9,902.56 Tufts Fund ...... 7,000.00 Debit 4.6/ Uduppitty Girls’ Boarding School Local Endowment 90.31 Uduvil Girls’ Boarding School, Local Endowment . . 638.20

Amounts carried forward $695,670.35 $671.46 Report of the Treasurer 279

LIABILITIES — Continued Funds Special Incomes Amounts brought forward...... $695,670.35 $671.46 Uduvil Girls’ Boarding School Scholarship Fund .... 416.05 Ussher, E. B., Memorial Hospital Fund ...... 6,904.03 Van College Fund ...... 10,260.95 Vlanga Church Fund ...... 2,849.67 Washburn Scholarship ...... 1,635.00 Welsh Scholarship...... 389.00 Wentworth, Albert, Fund ...... 1,000.00 Wilde, Samuel, Fund...... 31,179.00 W. B. M. I. Conditional Gifts Fund ...... 23,100.00 Woman’s Medical Mission Endowment...... 5,875.00 Wood, Elizabeth Richards, Memorial Fund ...... 300.00 Williams Hospital Endowment...... 3,000.00 Zeleny Fund ...... 480.33

$783,059.38 Cr.$671.46 Debit 4.67

Net $666.79 Schedule No. 3

Miscellaneous Funds

Adana Y. M. C. A. Building F u n d ...... $1,438.26 Albanian Hospital F un d ...... 10,622.93 Albanian Medical Work ...... 280.97 Albanian Relief ...... 309.01 Albanian S ch o o l...... 16,271.55 Albanian W ork ...... 154.32 Anatolia College Building Fund ...... 6,146.40 Bates F u n d ...... 3,329.60 Chinese Indemnity ...... 335.99 Ely Publication Fund ...... 553.83 International College, Smyrna, Fun d ...... 5,453.61 International Institute, Constantinople, Fund 14,170.09 Osmanieh Martyrs’ Memorial Church Fund ...... 1,428.39 Porter, Jasper, Memorial Hall Fund ...... 4,607.36 Proposed African S ta tio n ...... 109.27 Rehabilitation Fund: Balkan ...... §3,231.31 Western Turkey ...... 2,220.79 Central Turkey ...... 4,086.44 Eastern Turkey...... 10,646.83 M exico...... 10,235.83 ------30,421.20 Tarsus Church Building Fun d ...... 1,450.99

$97,083.77 280 Special Examiner’s Report

AUDITORS’ CERTIFICATE

B o s t o n , October 3, 191;-. We have employed the American Audit Company of Boston to examine the bool:, and accounts of Frank H. Wiggin, Treasurer of the American Board of Commissioner- for Foreign Missions, for the year ended August 31, 1917, and submit herewith their certificate of such examination as a part of our report. We have made a careful examination of the stocks, bonds, and other securities of the Board, representing investments of all kinds as entered in the books of the Treas- urer, and have found same to correspond perfectly with the detailed statements of same as they appear in his books as of date August 31, 1917. The Treasurer’s Bond was found to be in order. E d w in H. B a k e r , W . B. P l u n k e t t , H e r b e r t J. W e l l s , Auditors.

SPECIAL EXAMINER’S REPORT

P o s t O f f i c e S q u a r e B u i l d i n g , B o s t o n , October 1, 1917 E d w in H . B a k e r , E s q ., Chairman, Board of Auditors, American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, Boston, Massachusetts.

D e a r S i r : We beg to advise that we have audited the books and approved the vouchers of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions for the fisca1 year ended August 31, 1917, and hereby certify to the accuracy of the accounts for the year as stated in summarized form in the general ledger, closing with a balance of $4,503.60 to the credit of the Board. In the course of our examination we have checked the entire cash receipts and dis­ bursements for the year, and have verified the balances on hand at the end of the period under review. Respectfully submitted, T h e A m e r ic a n A u d it C o m p a n y , B y J a m e s \Y . H a l l , Resident Manager. Summary of Donations Received During the Year

»The donations for Mission Work for Women (excepting those from the Woman’s Board for the Interior) are taken from Life and Light and differ somewhat from amounts in the Herald.

M a in e N ew Y o r k

D o n a tio n s...... S I 1,044. 22 D o n a tio n s ...... $78,694.07 Legacies ...... 2 8 ,9 0 1 .5 0 L ega cies ...... 5,28 8 .1 5 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. From Sundav Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 2 84.35 S. C. E ...... 2 ,2 7 3 .2 4 ‘Donations for Mission Work for W o m e n ...... 5 ,5 8 7 .1 6 Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $458.84 is a $45,817. 23 legacy) ...... 27,207. 31

New Hampshire $113,462.77

D o n a tio n s...... S22.421. 03 N ew J e r s e y Legacies ...... 2,339. 18 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. D o n a tio n s ...... $25,497.43 S. C. E ...... 319. 94 L egacy ...... 2 5 0 .0 0 Donations for Mission Work for From Sunday Schools and Y. P. Women (of which §1,882.50 S. C. E ...... 29 1 .4 8 are legacies) ...... 7,363. 69 Donations for Mission Work for W om en ...... 5,4 7 9 .7 0 S 3 2 .4 4 3 . 84 $31,5 1 8 .6 1 V e rm o n t Pennsylvania Donations ...... SI 7.680. 79 2,398. 54 Legacies ...... D o n a tio n s ...... $5,393. 13 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. 1 ,1 2 9 .0 6 559. 18 L egacies ...... S. C. E ...... From Sundav Schools and Y. P. Donations for Mission Work for 10 0 .3 6 Women (of which 3,551.93 are S. C. E ...... legacies) ...... 9.914. 71 Donations for Mission Work for W om en ...... 9 2 2 .1 0 $30,553. 22 S 7 .544.65 M assachusetts M a r y la n d Donations ...... $152,246..35 Legacies ...... 50,7 74. 88 D o n a tio n s ...... 238.75 From Sundav Schools and Y. P. Donations for Mission Work for S. C. E. . " ...... 2,750. 16 W om en ...... 154. 50 Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $10,141 . 10 $ 3 93.25 :ire legacies'!...... 05,274 .60 V irgin ia $310,045 .99 $ 2 8 .7 0 Rhode Island D o n a tio n s ...... Donations for Mission Work for 4 5 .0 0 D o n a tio n s...... $ 7,370 .71 W om en ...... From Sundav Schools and Y. P. $ 7 3 .7 0 S. C. E ...... 127 .08 Donations for Mission Work for West Virginia Women ...... '',(>7 5 . 18

$ 1 <>, 1 7 2 .97 D on ation s S 6 1 .80 Connecticut District of Columbia D o n a t io n s ...... §55.411 .36 l.'-gacics ...... 24,452 . 30 1,4 2 5 .5 8 Horn Sundav Schools and Y. P. D o n a tio n s ...... _ From Sundav School? and \ . P. :S. C. K...... 1,»U) . 10 97.72 Donations for Mission Work tor S. C. K ...... Women (of which S5.293.20 Donations for Mission Work for are legacies) ...... 52,350 90 W om en ...... 3 ,1 6 6 .1 8

$134,124 .81 $4,<>S9.4S 28l 282 Donations

North Carolina In d ia n a

Donations ...... 350 .81 D o n atio n s...... $614.11 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 50 S. C. E ...... 111.83 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W o m e n ...... 158 .48 Women ...... 1,484.35

$509 .79 $ 2,210. 2» South Carolina K en tu ck y D o n atio n s...... $38 .00 D o n atio n s...... $41.% From Sunday Schools and Y. P. From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 6 .00 S. C. E ...... 5 Donations for Mission Work for W o m e n ...... 36 . 15 547.06 $80 . 15 M isso u ri Georgia D o n atio n s...... $3,843.03 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. D o n atio n s...... $180..83 S. C. E ...... 85. 7o From Sunday Schools and Y. P. Donations for Mission Work for S. C. E ...... 15 .00 Women ...... 7,077.06 Donations for Mission Work for Women ...... 134.,25 $11,005.79 $330 .08 Ohio Florida D o n atio n s...... $26,516.29 D o n atio n s...... $1,348 .84 Legacies ...... 10,366.14 Legacy ...... 50 .00 From Sundav Schools and Y. P. From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 608.96 S. C. E ...... 16 .88 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for Women ...... 13,285.48 W o m e n ...... 740 . 78 $50,776.87 $2,156 .50 Illin o is A labam a D o n atio n s...... $41,086.90 D o n atio n s...... $457 .34 Legacies ...... 43,650.00 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. From Sundav Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 22 .62 S. C. E. . . : ...... 1,411.15 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for Women ...... 66 .33 W o m e n ...... 31,906.90 $546. 29 $118,054.95 L ouisiana M ich igan D o n atio n s...... $183. 50 Donations ...... $14,234.50 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. Legacy ...... 75.38 S. C. E ...... 38. 20 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. Donations for Mission Work for S. C. E ...... 241 96 W o m e n ...... 24. 19 Donations for Mission Work for W o m e n ...... 9,434.51 $245. 89 $23,986.35 Tennessee W isconsin D o n atio n s...... $74. 08 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. D o n atio n s...... $8,545.45 S. C. E ...... 2. 00 Legacies ...... 706.45 Donations for Mission Work for From Sunday Schools and Y. P. W o m e n ...... 10 .90 S. C. E ...... 538.08 Donations for Mission Work for $86 98 Women ...... 8,110.04 A rkansas SI 7,900.02 Donations $14 .00 Iowa Texas Donations $10,986.01 Legacies ...... 1,552. ^ / D o n atio n s...... $441. 28 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 251.91 S. C. E ...... 33 .42 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for Women (of which $1,800.00 is Women ...... 146 . 15 a legacy] ...... 14,212.3.1 $620.85 $27,003 44 Donations 283

M in n eso ta South Dakota D on ation s...... $10,122.37 D o n atio n s...... $2,240.95 Legacy ...... 3,105.62 From Sundav Schools and Y. P. From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 83.44 S. C. E ...... 130.36 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W o m e n ...... 2,494.93 Women (of which $1.50 is a legacy) ...... 8,515.03 $4,819.32 M o n tan a $21,873.38 K a n sa s D o n atio n s...... 348.08 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. Donations ...... $2,623.87 S. C. E ...... 10.40 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. Donations for Mission Work for S. C. E ...... 100.03 Women ...... 228.97 Donations for Mission Work for W o m en ...... 3,304.86 587.45 W yom ing $6,028.76 N eb rask a D o n atio n s...... $109.81 Donations for Mission Work for D on ation s...... $4,003 .32 Women ...... 140.63 Legacy ...... 150.00 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. $250.44 S. C. E ...... 274.53 U ta h Donations for Mission Work for Women ...... 3,570.25 D o n atio n s...... $768.05 Donations for Mission Work for $7,998.10 Women ...... 38.00 C alifo rn ia $806.05 Id ah o D on atio n s...... 31,794.77 Legacies ...... 2,417.18 D o n atio n s...... $363.35 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 530.87 S. C. E ...... 10.49 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for Women ...... $13,019.42 Women ...... 97.75 $47,762. 24 $471,-59 A rizona O regon D o n atio n s...... $702.00 D on ation s...... $2,275.63 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. New M exico S. C. E ...... 24.94 Donations for Mission Work for D o n atio n s...... $11.00 W o m en ...... 1,083.31 $3,383.88 O k lah o m a C olorado D o n atio n s...... $1,857.31 D o n atio n s...... $3,490.81 From Sundav Schools and Y. P. Legacies ...... 960.00 S. C. E...... $15.57 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. Donations for Mission Work for S. C. E ...... 90.04 W o m e n ...... 364.36 Donations for Mission Work for Women ... 3,200.25 $2,237.24 A lask a $7,741.10 W ash in gto n D o n atio n s...... $22.00 D on ation s...... $5,773.57 C a n a d a From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 160.19 Province of Quebec Donations $6,565.16 Donations for Mission Work lor Province of Ontario Donations 15,713.69 W o m en ...... 1,770.34 Donations for Mission Work for Women ...... 1,964.84 S7.704. 10 $24,243.69 North Dakota Hawaiian Islands D on ation s...... $1,620.90 D o n atio n s...... $5,700.53 From Sunday Schools and Y. P. From Sunday Schools and Y. P. S. C. E ...... 32.46 S. C. E ...... 122.20 Donations for Mission Work for Donations for Mission Work for W o m e n ...... 809.51 Women ...... 125.00 $2,462.87 55,947.73 284 Donations

Foreign Lands and Missionary Stations Rockefeller Foundation Medical Work D o n atio n s...... $322 , 50 For salaries of missionaries in From Sunday Schools and V. P. Peking Union Medical Col­ S. C. E ...... 60 lege: Dr. C.W.Young, $1,382.- Donations for Mission Work for 96; Dr. J. H. Ingram, $2,082.- W o m e n ...... 189.00 05; and Dr. O. H. Love, $450. 18. Less 45 each for house S5 1 2 .10 repairs for Dr. Ingram and D r Love...... $3,825.19 From the American Missionary Association Toward equipment of hospital Irving C. Gaylord, New York City, in Tehchow ...... S4 633.50 Treasurer Toward running expenses of do. 987. 75 Income of Avery Fund, for mis­ Towards building missionary sionary work in Africa ...... S4.205.64 residence, in Tehchow ...... 3,000.00 From China Medical Board, for expenses of Dr. Amy A. M et­ C anada calf ...... 835.42 Alberta, Ger. Brotherhood, to­ $13,281.86 ward support Rev. C. H. Maas $18.00 E lisha D." Sm ith Fund J a p a n Income to August 31, 1917, for Tokyo, Friends, S200.00 salaries of teachers in Foochow College ...... $1,166.65 Greece Thessalonica, Rev. Demetrios Henry" R. Adkins Fund $4.40 Karadelos . Income to August 31, 1917 . . . S11.66 Mindanao Medical Work Allen Memorial Fund New York. — New York, Min­ danao Medical Miss. Assn., Interest to August 31, 1917, for 475: Tarrytown, Mrs. Elbert general work ...... S 186 66 B. Monroe, 100...... Ohio. — M arietta, W. W. Mills, Atterbury Fund New York. — A friend ...... New York. — New York, Rev. Income for education of students Edward Lincoln Smith .... in theological seminary, Tung- New York. — New York, Min­ chow ...... $221.66 danao Medical Miss. Assoc.. . New York. — New York, Min- danaoMedical Missionary Assn. Clark Fund Income to August 31, 1917, for native preacher in India . . . S46.66 Gilbert Island Launch Herbert R. Coffin Fund From Gilbert Island Launch Fund, toward building launch S2.52/ For support native helpers in India ...... $226.33 Beira Work Special For purchase of land, care Rev. Susan B. Church Memorial Fund C. H. Maxwell...... S I,345.95 From Cong.ch., Littleton, X. H., Marathi Robber Work for Sholapur station $7 . 00 For work, care Rev. A. A. Mc­ Charles F.. Fowler Memorial Fund Bride ...... $119.00 Income to August 31, 1917. .. $23.3.’ Philippine Islands House Rogene T . Fulton Fund New Jersey.— Montclair, Frien<’. interest on bonds, for house in For support of Bible-reader in the Philippines ...... $125.00 India ...... $46.66

Bingham House Glenbrook Missionary Society Fund Proceeds sale of Bingham House, Union Memorial cli., Glenbrook, Honolulu, for work in Micro­ Conn.. for two native workers ^ nesia ...... S6.143.02 in I n d ia ...... $•*, • " Tehchow Hospital Work Orilla C Kellogg Fund From China Medical Board, Rockefeller Foundation, for Income to A ukiihi .3 1. 1917, for part running expenses of Teh- -import ¡md eiluiMt ion of na­ chow Hospital $1,060.SO tive children ...... S50K 04 Donations 285

W. W. Penfield Fund Cutler Fund Income to August 31, 1917. . . . $4.66 Income to August 31, 1917 . . . $23.33

Albert Wentworth Fund Woman’s Medical Mission Endowment Income to August 31. 1917 ... $46.66 Toward salary of Dr. Curr and expenses of McLeod Hospital $253.93 Mission Scholarships Fund for Disabled and Retired Mission- Income of Norton Hubbard I aries scholarship, for Ahmednagar I Income to provide for medical Theological Seminary, $55¡in­ ! and surgical expenses of mis­ come of Norman T. Leonard sionaries ...... $7,475.98 scholarship, for student in Eastern Turkey, $60.50; in­ D. Miner Rogers, Memorial Fund come of the J.S.Ju d d Doshisha Scholarship Fund, for support j Income to August 31, 1917 . . . $20.02 of teachers in training pupils for native m inistry,$55; M. W. Thompson Fund, for educa­ Elizabeth Richards Wood Memorial Fund tion of students in Turkey, S27.50; income of Hugh Mil­ Income to August 31, 1917 . . . $14.00 ler scholarship, for Ahmed­ nagar Theological Seminary, Jncome D. Willis James Foundation $90.75...... $288.75 For construction work of sundry higher educational institutions Foochow College Professorship Endow­ for the year beginning Julv 1, m ent 1 9 1 6 ...... !.. $12,440.00 For Peking University ...... 1,000.00 For salarv and other expenses of For tuition and traveling ex­ Miss W ile y ...... $808.26 penses, special students, Can­ ton...... William White Smith Fund For salary, president of Anatolia College ...... 500.00 Income for education of native For Madura College for Women 500.00 preachers and teachers in For various higher educational Africa ...... $1,626.31 institutions of the Board to August 31, 1 9 1 7 ...... 27,500.00 Asa W. Kenney Fund $42,240.00 Income to August 31, 1917, for support of missionary inactive Income Sarah R. Sage Funds serv ice...... $1,318.37 Income for salary of F. A. Lom­ bard, 1 year’s interest onS15,- From Woman’s Medical Mission, Jaffna 000, $700, and for support of native helper in Madura Mis­ Toward salary of Dr. I. H. Curr sion.1 vear’sinterest onSl.OOO and expenses of McLeod Hos­ S46.66...... $746.66 p it a l...... $13.10 Income William F. Merrill Memorial Work in the Philippines Fund For salaries of missionaries in the Part income to August 31, 1917 S 480. OS Philippines...... $1,200.00 Ju lia A. M errill Fund Jaffna General Medical M issio n Endow­ m ent Income to August 31, 1917 . . . $675.18 For expenses in part of Dr. Scott Income Hollis Moore Memorial Trust and family ...... $362.97 Income for Pasumalai Seminary $233.33

Rev. George A. (Jordon Fund Harriet R. Ballou Fund For special medical expenses of Income to August 31, 1917 . . . S4<><>.66 missionaries...... $46.66

Mills Memorial Jon es Fund Income for support of native Income to August 31, 1917 , . . S17.03 workers in Shaow u...... S46. 66 Alden Memorial Fund George Austin Pelton Memorial Fund l-or evangelistic ami educational Income for general expens of work in Madura Mission . . . $477.62 the Hoard ...... 286 Donations

Samuel Wilde Fund Johannesburg Work Income for current expenses of For work in Johannesburg ... $1,000.00 the B o a r d ...... $1,117.48 From sundry donors, for work in Johannesburg...... 2,329.30 Samuel B. Capen Fund $3,329.30 Income for support of native Samuel H. Scudder Fund pastors, preachers, and teach­ ers ...... $233.33 IncomeTfor care of the Mission Burial Ground at Pulney Hills, Income Diarbekir Hospital Endowment Madura, where the body of the late David C. Scudder is Income to August 31, 1917, for interred, care Rev. J. C. Per­ allowance and study grant, kins ...... $4.66 Dr. F. O. Smith ...... $1,231.93 Green Hospital Local Endowment B ates Fund Income for Green Hospital, Cey­ lon ...... $60.1s For part salary of Rev. C. H. Maxwell, to August 31, 1917 $1,000.00 McLeod Hospital Local Endowment Expenses Ruth Tracy Strong Fund. IncomeT!for McLeod Hospital, Ceylon ...... $310.00 For work at Beira, to August 31, 1917 ...... $141.92 Rockwood Scholarship

Mary Baker Anderson Fund Income for Uduvil Girls' Board­ ing School. Ceylon ...... $7.79 Income to August 31, 1917, for work in C hina...... $438.66 Income St. Paul’s Institute For'St. Paul's'Institute...... $2,508.73 Dewing Fund Income to August 31, 1917, for Pasumalai Seminary Professorship En­ current expenses ...... $349.99 dowm ent Income for Pasumalai Semi­ Henry Sedgwick Fund nary ...... $466.66 Income to August 31, 1917, for North^China College Endowment general work ...... $17.50 Income to August 31, 1917. .. . $466.66 Mrs. Nellie Buttrick Stanton Fund WilllamslHospital Endowment Income to August 31, 1917, for general work ...... 16.33 Income to August 31, 1917 . . . $140.00

Higher Educational Work Endowment Gordon Theological Seminary, Tung- chow, China Income to August 31, 1917, for expenses of Grinnell-Cnina Income ...... $639.32 missionaries ...... $1,990.29 Arts and Crafts School Fund Income Higher Educational Work Endow­ m ent For industrial work, Bombay . $236.41 For Special Emergency Grant for Samakov Collegiate and Deacon Gates Scholarship, Mardin High Theological Institute ...... $2,500.00 School, Turkey For insurance, Anatolia College 176.00 For work, care Rev. A. X. An­ For Union Theological College 300.00 drus ...... $5500 For Doshisha Theological School 100.00 Toward equipment of Pasumalai Andrews Scholarship Theological Seminary 1,000.00 Income for pupil in Gordon $4,076.00 Theological Seminary $27.50

Twentieth Century Fund Montgomery Memorial Scholarship Fund Amount taken from fund for For Central Turkey College, current expenses of year .... 31,291. 42 care Miss E. M. Blakely $8.00 Donations 287

The Annie A. Gould Fund Mrs. D. K. Pearsons Memorial Endow­ m ent Fund Income for education of Chinese girls in Paotingfu ...... $85.25 For Anatolia College ...... $2,333.30

The Cornelia A. Allis Fund Atwater Memorial Fund Income for support of pupil in j For support of school at Fen- Madura, care Rev. J. E. Tracy $16.50 | chow ...... $368.58

The Joanna Fisher White Scholarship | A. A. Leonard Fund Income for scholarship in girls’ Income sent to Turkey ...... $93.42 boarding school, Marsovan. . $35.75

Porter Scholarships Jeannie Grace Greenough Crawford Fund Income ...... $165.00Income for education of girls in Western Turkey, care Rev. L.S Ann £. Shorey Fund Crawford ...... $60.00 For education of Ram Chundra Thornton Bigelow Penfield Scholarship Shorey, care Mrs. M. L. Sib­ ley...... $34.37 Income for students in Pasuma­ lai Seminary, India ...... $27 . 50 Boys’ Academy Fund, Hadjin Income to August 31, 1917, care Turvanda Topalyan Scholarship Miss O. M. Vaughan ...... $45.08 j Income for education of poor ! village girls, care Miss O. M. Marash Theological Seminary Endowmen t Vaughan ...... $110.00

Income to August 31, 1917 . . . $84.00 Wiliams and Andrus Scholarship Marash Academy Endowment Income for pupils at Mardin, Eastern Turkey ...... 77.42 Income to August 31, 1917 . . . $103.92 Capron Hall Ives, Scholarship S. B. Poor Memorial Fund Income for Uduvil school for For Capron Hall, care Miss M. girls, care Rev. James H. T. Noyes ...... $110.00 Dickson ...... $233.33 American College, Madura Endowment Alice Julia Rice Memorial Fund Fund Income to August 31, 1917, for Income to August 31, 1917, for maintenance of study in Dosh- college, care Rev. W. M. isha, care Rev. F. A. Lombard $18.66 Z u m b ro ...... $23.33 Satara Orphanage Fund Marash Theological Seminary Library Fund Income to August 31, 1917, for support of child in orphanage, Income to August 31, 1917 . . . $70.00 S a t a r a ...... $22.68 Welch Scholarship Fund Benjamin Schneider Memorial Fund Income for Pasumalai Seminary $18.15 Income for training preachers in Central Turkey ...... $91.56 Washburn Scholarship Fund Dewey Scholarship Income for Pasumalai High Income to August 31, 1917, for School ...... $76.29 support of pupil, care Mrs. S. S. Dewey ...... 14.00 Jubilee Scholarship Fund

C. F. Gates Mardin High School Scholar­ Income for Pasumalai High ship School ...... $74.99 Income for scholarship in Mar­ din High School ...... $81.19 Harriet Hazen Scholarship Fund Income for Pasumalai Seminary S18. 66 Cyrus S. Richards Fund Income to August 31, 1917, to­ Capron Scholarship Fund ward salary of president of Anatolia College ...... $135.19 Income for Pasumalai Seminary $30.66 288 Donations

Albert Victor Hospital Endowment Fund Robert Stedman Smith Memorial Fund Income to be sent to India for Income to August 31, 1917, for running expenses of hospital. $358.11 support of child’s crib in Inter­ national Hospital, Adana, 23.33; for support of child’s crib in S. M. Bringham Memorial Fund Wai Hospital, care Dr. L. H. Beals, 23.33 ...... $46.66 Income for support of Hawaiian or Gilbertese catechists in Gilbert Islands ...... $46.66 Rev. Martin K. Pasco Fund Income for education of native Farrington Fund minister at Union Theological Collage at Bangalore $80.00 Income for native helper, care Rev. C. S. Vaughan .. $63.51 Samuel Penniman Leeds Scholarship International Hospital, Adana, Fund Income for scholarship in M ar­ din High School, care Rev. A. Income for Hospital $239.58 NT. Andrus ...... $9.71 Kodaikanal School Endowment Amherst College Neesima Fund Income for school...... $123.66 Income for Doshisha ...... S93.33 Ackley Endowment Uduvil Girls’ Boarding School Scholar­ Income for hospital. West Cen­ ship Fund tral Africa ...... $18.66 Income to August 31, 1917, for Warren Newton Memorial Fund scholarship, Uduvil Girls' Boarding School ...... $19 41 Income for scholarship, Anatolia College ...... S125.16 Iduvil Girls' Boarding School Local Endowm ent Dnyanodaya Endowment Fund Income to August 31, 1917 . . . $29.77 Income to August 31, 1917 ... $18.48 Uduppitty Girls’ Boarding School Local A. Lewis Hill Endowment Endow m ent Income for bed in Foochow Hos­ Income to August 31, 1917 . . . $4.20 pital...... $23.33 Anatolia College, Telfeyan Fund Income Higher Enducational Work En­ dowm ent Income to August 31, 1917, for aid and support of derserving Income for Ahmednagar Theolo­ Armenian students in Anatolia gical Seminary, $80;for Peking College, Marsovan ...... 536.51 University, $100...... $180.00 Atwood Memorial School Fund Marian Elwood Scholarship Income to August 31, 1917, for Income for pupil, care Rev. \V. Fenchowfu Bible Training P. Elwood ...... $22.00 School, care Rev. W. O. Pye. ' '

Amelia Scholarship Edward C. Bodman Fund Incomcfor scholarship in Madura Income to August 31, 1917, for College...... $46.66 running expenses of Edward C. Bodman Ward in American Board Hospital, Tehchow, care Henry Jones Scholarship Dr. F. F. Tucker...... $ 369.44 Income for scholarships, Pas­ Foochow Missionary Hospital Endow­ umalai Seminary ...... $93.33 m ent Fund Lalitpur-Warren Fund Income to August 31, 1917, for Foochow Missionary Hospital $29.57 Income for Bombay High Schol $40. 18 International College. Smyrna. Endow­ Solon Severance Scholarship Fund ment Fund Income for scholarship, Pasu­ Income to August 31, 1917, for malai Seminary $28.00 International College, Smyrna $3 • *() Donations 289

Noble Fund Tehchow Hospital Work Income to August 31, 1917, for From China Medical Board, children's beds in Porter Hos­ Rockefeller Foundation, for pital for Women, Tehchow, second and third quarters of China ...... $11.67 their share of running expen­ ses of Tehchow Hospital, care Dr. F. F. Tucker...... $519.37 Telfeyan Fund Income to August 31, 1917, for Total aid and support of deserving Armenian students in Bythin- Donations...... $611,873.80 ia High School, Bardezag, Legacies ...... 219,114.37 536.52; in High School for Girls, Adabazar, 536,52; in From Sunday Schools and Y. P. High School for Girls, Brousa, S. C. E ...... 13,719.13 268.25; in High School for Donations for Mission Work for Boys and Girls, Talas, 268.25; Women as above $343,885.46 for aid and support of hospital (of which $23,129.07 are from at Cesarea, 268.25 ...... $1,877.79 legacies), the difference being explained on page 281...... 282,315.99 Income Atherton Fund Income of funds ...... 94,702.23 Income to August 31, 1917, for Interest on General Permanent work,care Rev.C.A. Clark,200; F u n d ...... 25,990.47 for work care Rev. C. A. Nel­ son, 200; for work, care Rev. J. S. Chandler, 100; for work, care Rev. F. B. Bridgman, 100; for special educational work, care do., 300 ...... S900.00 Total receipts ...... $1,247,715.99 Receipts of the Board

RECEIPTS OF THE BOARD

(The following table exhibits the income of the Board from all sources since its organization).

For the year ending For the year ending September, 1811...... $ 999.52 August 31, 1864...... $ 531,985.67 August 31, 1812...... 13,611.50 186 5 ...... 534,763.33 181 3 ...... 11,361.18 1866 ...... 446,942.44 181 4 ...... 12,265.56 186 7 ...... 437,884.77 181 5...... 9,493.89 186 8 ...... 535,838.64 181 6 ...... 12,501.03 186 9 ...... 525,214.95 181 7 ...... 29,948.63 187 0 ...... 461,058.42 181 8 ...... 34,727.72 187 1 ...... 429,160.60 181 9 ...... 37,520.63 187 2 ...... 445,824.23 182 0 ...... 39,949.45 187 3 ...... 431,844.81 182 1...... 46,354.95 187 4...... 478,256.51 182 2 ...... 60,087.87 187 5 ...... 476,028.19 182 3 ...... 55,758.94 187 6 ...... 465,442.40 “ 1824...... 47,483.58 187 7 ...... 441,391.45 182 5 ...... 55,716.18 187 8 ...... 482,204.73 182 6 ...... 61,616.25 187 9 ...... 518,386.06 182 7 ...... 88,341.89 188 0 ...... 613,539.51 182 8 ...... 102,009.64 188 1 ...... 691,245.16 182 9 ...... 106,928.26 188 2 ...... 651,976.84 183 0 ...... 83,019.37 188 3 ...... 590,995.67 183 1 ...... 100,934.09 188 4 ...... 588,353.51 183 2 ...... 130,574.12 188 5 ...... 625,832.54 183 3 ...... 145,847.77 188 6 ...... 658,754.42 183 4 ...... 152,386.10 188 7 ...... 679,573.79 July 31. 1835...... 163,340.19 188 8 ...... 665,712.21 183 6 ...... 176,232.15 188 9 ...... 685,111.33 183 7 ...... 252,076.55 189 0...... 762.585.63 183 8 ...... 236,170.98 189 1 ...... 824,325.50 1838...... 244,169.82 1892...: 840,804.72 184 0 ...... 241,691.04 189 3...... 679,285.94 184 1 ...... 235,189.30 189 4 ...... 705,132.70 184 2 ...... 318,396.53 189 5 ...... 716,837.17 184 3 ...... 244,254.43 189 6 ...... 743,104.59 184 4 ...... 236.394.37 189 7 ...... 642,781.07 184 5 ...... 255,112.96 i 189 8 ...... 687,208.89 184 6 ...... 262,073.55 i 189 9...... 644,200.89 184 7 ...... 211,402.76 ! 190 0 ...... 737,957.39 184 8 ...... 254,056.46 j 190 1 ...... 697,370.90 184 9 ...... 291,705.27 190 2 ...... 845,105.85 1 8 5 0 ...... 251,862.21 190 3 ...... 740,777.17 1851 ...... 274,902.28 190 4 ...... 725,315.90 1852.. 301,732.20 190 5 ...... 752,149.75 185 3 ...... 314,922.88 190 6 ...... 913,159.64 185 4 ...... 305,778.84 190 7...... 920.384.09 185 5 ...... 310,427.77 190 8 ...... 837,999.15 185 6 ...... 307,318.69 190 9 ...... 953,573.69 1857.. ... 388,932.69 191 0 ...... 995,414.36 185 8 ...... 334,018.48 191 1 ...... 1,032,025.75 185 9 ...... 350,915.45 191 2 ...... 1,062,442.98 186 0 ...... 429,799.08 191 3 ...... 1,044,687.82 August 31, 1861 ...... 340,522.56 191 4 ...... 1,082,218.21 186 2 ...... 339,080.56 191 5 ...... 1,101,570.47 186 3 ...... 397,079.71 191 6 ...... 1,207,126.54 191 7 ...... 1,247,715.90 Places of Meeting 291

PLACES OF MEETING AND PREACHERS Year Place of Meeting Preacher Text 1810 Farm ington...... ‘ No Sermon 1811 Worcester...... 'N o Sermon 1812 H artfo rd ...... ‘ No Sermon 1813 Boston ...... 'Timothy Dwight, D.D. John x, 16 1814 New Haven ...... ‘James Richards, D.D. . . Ephesians iii, 8 1815 Salem ...... ‘ Calvin Chapin, D.D. . .. Psalm xcvi, 10 1816 H artfo rd ...... ‘Henry Davis, D.D ...... Psalm cxix, 96 1817 Northampton ...... ‘Jesse Appleton, D.D. .. 1 Corinthians i, 21 1818 New H a v e n ...... ‘Samuel Spring, D.D. . . . Acts viii, 30, 31 1819 Boston ...... ‘Joseph Lyman, D.D. . . . Isaiah lviii, 12 1820 H a rtfo rd ...... ‘Eliphalet Nott, D.D. . . Mark xvi, 15 1821 Springfield...... ‘Jedidiah Morse, D.D. . . Psalm ii, 8 1822 New Haven ...... ’Alexander Proudfit, D.D. Malachi 1,11 1823 Boston ...... ‘Jeremiah Day, D.D ...... Nehemiah vi, 3 1824 H a rtfo rd ...... 'Samuel Austin, D.D. . . . Galatians i, 15, 16 1825 Northampton ...... ‘Joshua Bates, D.D ...... John viii, 32 1826 M iddletow n ...... ‘ Edward D. Griffin, D .D . Matthew xxviii, 18, 20 1827 New York ...... *Lyman Beecher, D.D. . . Luke xi, 21; Rev., etc. 1828 Philadelphia ...... ‘John H. Rice, D.D ...... 2 Corinthians x, 4 1829 A lbany...... ‘Archibald Alexander, D.D. Acts xi, 18 1830 Boston ...... ‘Thomas De Witt, D.D. Matthew ix, 37, 38 1831 New Haven ...... ‘Leonard Woods, D.D ...... Isaiah lxii, 1,2 1832 New York ...... ‘William Allen, D.D ...... John viii, 36 1833 Philadelphia ...... ‘William Murray, D .D .. 2 Corinthians x, 4 1834 U t ic a ...... ‘Gardner Spring, D.D. . . Matthew x, 6 1835 B altim o re...... ‘Samuel Miller, D.D ...... Numbers xiv, 21 1836 H a rtfo rd ...... ‘John Codman, D.D ...... Matthew x, 8 1837 Newark ...... ‘John McDowell, D.D. . . . Acts iv, 12 1838 P o rtlan d ...... ‘Heman Humphrey, D.D. . Psalm cii, 13-16 1839 T ro y...... ‘Thomas McAuley, D.D. . Isaiah xi, 9 1840 P rovidence...... ‘Nathan S. S. Beman, D.D. Psalm lxxii, 17 1841 Philadelphia ...... ‘ Justin Edwards, D .D ...... Zechariah iv, 9 1842 N o rw ic h ...... ‘William R. De Witt, D.D. 2 Corinthians v, 14 1843 Rochester...... ‘Thomas H. Skinner, D.D. Philippians iii, 13 1844 W orcester...... ‘ Rev. Albert Barnes. . . . Luke xiv, 28-32 1845 Brooklyn ...... ‘Mark Hopkins, D.D. . Psalm lv, 22 1846 New Haven ...... ‘Joel Hawes, D.D. 1 Samuel vii, 12 1847 Buffalo...... ‘David Magie, D.D. Isaiah xxxii, 15 1848 Boston ...... ‘Isaac Ferris, D.D ...... Matthew vi, 10 1849 Pittsfield ...... ‘Samuel H. Cox, D.D.. . Daniel vii, 27 1850 O sw ego ...... ‘ Richard S. Storrs, D.D. 1 Corinthians xv, 58 1851 P o rtlan d ...... ‘David H. Riddle, D.D. Isaiah xli, 14, 15 1852 T ro y ...... ‘Leonard Bacon, D.D ...... 2 Corinthians v, 7 1853 Cincinnati ...... ‘William Adams, D.D. . . M atthew viii, 38 1854 H artfo rd ...... ‘ Charles White, D.D ...... Matthew vi, 10 1855 U t ic a ...... ‘Nehemiah Adams, D.D. . G alatians ii, 20 1856 Newark ...... ‘George W. Bethune, D.D. 1 Tim othy i, 15 1857 Providence...... *M. La Rue P. Thompson, D Matthew xxviii, 20 1858 Detroit ...... ‘George Shepard, D.D. . . Luke xi, 41 1859 Philadelphia ...... ‘ Robert W. Patterson .... Matthew xiii, 33 1860 Boston ...... ‘Samuel W. Fisher, D.D. . Isaiah xiv, 1-6; xliii, 21 1861 Cleveland ...... ‘ Richard S. Storrs, D.D. . 1 Corinthians i, 28 1862 Springfield...... ‘ Henry Smith, D.D ...... John xvii, 20, 21 1863 Rochester...... ‘ Elisha L. Cleveland. D.D. Luke xxiv, 45-47 1864 W orcester...... ‘Jonathan B. Condit, D.D. Philippians ii, 15, 16 1865 Chicago ...... ‘Edward N. Kirk, D.D. . . 2 Corinthians v. 7 1866 Pittsfield ...... ‘Laurens P. Hickok, D.D. Philippians ii, 10, 11 1867 Buffalo...... ‘Joseph P. Thompson, D.D John i, 4 1868 Norwich ...‘Henry A. Nelson, D. D. . John xii, 32 1869 Pittsburg ...... ‘John Todd, D.D ...... Malachi i, 11 1870 Brooklyn ...... ‘Jonathan F. Stearns, D.D M atthew xxviii, 18-20 1871 Salem ...... ‘Truman M. Post, D.D. . . Mark x, 45 1872 New Haven ...... ‘Samuel C. Bartlett, D.D. 1 Corinthians ii, 1-5 1873 Minneapolis...... ‘Julius H. Seelye, D.D. . . Rom ans iv, 25 1874 Rutland ...... ‘Henry M. Scudder, D.D. Romans x, 14, 15 1875 Chicago ...... ‘ Israel W. Andrews, D.D.. Rom ans i, 14 1876 H a rtfo rd ...... ‘William M. Taylor, D.D. Ezekiel xlvii, 9 1877 Providence...... ‘James H. Fairchild, D.D. 1 John iv, 20 1878 Milwaukee...... ‘Henry H. Jessup, D.D. . . Address 1879 Syracuse ...... ‘George F. Magoun, D.D. M atthew xxviii, 18, 19 1880 L o w ell...... ‘Jacob M. Manning, D.D. Revelation xxi, I 1881 St. Louis ...... ‘A. J. F. Behrends, D.D. . Luke xiv, 28, 30 1882 P o rtlan d ...... ‘Edward P. Goodwin, D.D Acts xiii, 2 ‘ Deceased 292 Places of Meeting

Year Place of Meeting Preacher Text 1883 Detroit ...... ‘William M.. Barbour, D.D. . M ark xii, 31 1884 Columbus ...... •Aaron L. Chapin, D.D ...... Acts xx, 24 1885 Boston ...... ‘George Leon Walker, D.D. . Hebrews xi, 13, 39, 40 1886 D esM o in es...... ‘John L. Withrow, D.D ...... Acts xxvi, 17, 18 1887 Springfield...... ‘Frederick A. Noble, D.D. . . Luke xi, 2 1888 Cleveland ...... ‘Henry Hopkins,D.D ...... John xiv, 6; Eph. i, 23 1889 New York ...... ‘Lewellyn Pratt, D.D ...... John xx, 21-23 1890 Minneapolis...... ‘Arthur Little, D.D ...... John xii, 24 1891 Pittsfield ...... ‘Edwin B. Webb, D.D ...... 1 Corinthians iii, 9 1892 Chicago ...... •Daniel March, D.D ...... Matthew xxi, 5 1893 W orcester...... •Albert J. Lyman, D.D ...... 1 Corinthians ix, 19-23 1894 M a d iso n ...... *T. Eaton Clapp, D.D ...... Acts xi, 18 1895 Brooklyn ...... George A. Gordon, D.D. 1 Corinthians ii, 2 1896 Toledo ...... •Edward N. Packard, D.D. . . Acts ii, 14-18 1897 New Haven ...... Nehemiah Boynton, D.D. . . John xxi, 17 1898 Grand Rapids...... R. R. Meredith, D.D ...... Luke iv, 18 1899 P rovidence...... •George C. Adams, D.D ...... John x, 10 1900 St. Louis ...... Edward C. Moore, D.D. . . . 1 Kings xix, 7 1901 H a rtfo rd ...... Edward D. Eaton, LL.D. . . Matthew xi, 4, 5 1902 Oberlin ...... Newell D. Hillis, D.D ...... M att, xiii, 33; Mark viii, 24 1903 Manchester ...... •Willard G. Sperry, D.D ...... Revelation xiv, 1 1904 Grinnell ...... •Reuen Thomas, D.D ...... 2 Corinthians vi, 11-13 1905 Seattle ...... Rev. Joseph H Twichell . . . Romans i, 14 1906 Williamstown and North Adam s ...... ‘George A. Gatts, D.D ...... 2 Corinthians v. 14 19071 C lev elan d ...... George A. Gordon, D.D. John xvii, 3 1908 Brooklyn Charles S Mills, D.D ...... Job xxvii; John xiv, 9 1909 Minneapolis...... Washington Gladden, D.D. . Isaiah lx, 4-5 1910f Boston ...... W. Douglas Mackenzie, D.D. John iii, 16 1911 M ilw au k ee...... Arthur H Smith, D .D ...... Isaiah xiv, 23 1912 P o rtlan d ...... Watson L. Phillips, D.D. . . . John xiii, 13; Luke vi, 46 1913f Kansas City . . Charles E. Jefferson, D.D. . . Job xxiii, 3; John i, 39 1914 Detroit ...... Dan F. Bradley, D.D ...... Gal. iv, 4; Rev. xxii, 10 1915t New H a v e n ...... Ozora S. Davis, D.D ...... John xvii, 39; M att. x. 39 and xxiii, 8 1916 Toledo ...... G. Glenn Atkins, D.D ...... Revelation xix, 12 19171 C o lu m b u s...... Chas. S. Mills, D.D ...... Isaiah, xiv, 32; John vi, 28, 29 »Deceased. fLTniting with National Congregational Missionaries of the Board 293

MISSIONARIES OF THE BOARD (The following list presents the names of missionaries now in connection with the Board in the field or expecting to return, giving the year in which they went out, the missions and stations with which they are connected, but not in all cases their Post-office address. These Post-Office addresses are given in the American Board Almanac.) South Africa Mission Missionaries Went Out

ZULU BRANCH Rev. Thomas W. Woodside, Ochileso. 1888 Mrs. Em ma D. Woodside, 1888 Missionaries TT'ent Out | Miss Helen J. Melville, Chisamba, 1893 i Miss M argaret W. Melville, Dondi, 1895 Mrs. Laura B. Bridgman, Umzumbe 1860 j Miss Sarah Stimpson, Dondi, 1898 Mrs. Mary K. Edwards, Inanda, 1868 I Miss Emma C. Redick, Bailundo, 1900 Miss Martha E. Price, Inanda, 1877 ‘ Miss Diadem Bell, Chisamba, 1902 Miss Fidelia Phelps, Inanda, 1884 Rev. Merlin W. Ennis, Sachikela (Chi- Rev. Charles N. Ransom, M apumulo 1890 yaka), 1903 Mrs. Susan H. C. Ransom, 1890 Mrs. Elisabeth L. Ennis, 1907 Rev. Fred R. Bunker, Durban, 1891 Rev. Henry A. Neipp, Ochileso, 1904 Mrs. Belle H. Bunker. 1891 Mrs. Frederica L. Neipp, 1904 Rev. George B. Cowles, Umzumbe, 1893 William Cammack, M. D., Sachikela(Chi- Mrs. Amy B. Cowles, 1893 yaka), 1906 Rev. Frederick B. Bridgman, Johannes­ Mrs. Libbie S. Cammack, M.D., 1906 burg, _ _ 1897 Rev. William C. Bell, Dondi, 1907 Mrs. Clara Davis Bridgman, 1897 Mrs. Lena H. Bell, 1907 James B. McCord, M .D ., Durban 1899 Miss Helen H. Stover, Bailundo, 1908 Mrs. Margaret M. McCord, 1899 Rev. Henry S. Hollenbeck, M.D., Kamun­ Rev. James D. Taylor, Impolweni, 1899 dongo, 1901 Mrs. Katherine M. Taylor, 1899 Miss Janette E. Miller, Ochileso, 1910 Rev. Albert E. LeRoy, Adams, 1901 Mr. F. Sidney D art, Dondi, 1911 Mrs. Rhoda A. LeRoy, 1901 Mrs. Clara I. D art, 1911 Miss Caroline E. Frost, Adams, 1901 Mr. L. Gordon Cattell, Chisamba, 1912 Mrs. Katherine S. Maxwell, Beira, 1906 : Mrs. Margaret M. Cattell, 1914 Mr. K. Robert Brueckner, Adam s, 1911 Rev. John T. Tucker, Dondi, 1913 Rev. Henry A. Stick, Adams, 1912 Mrs. Mabel L. Tucker, 1913 Mrs. Bertha H. Stick, 1912 Rev. Daniel A. Hastings, Sachikela (Chi- M iss Evelyn F. Clarke, Inanda, 1912 yaka), 1915 Miss Edithe A. Conn, Adams, 1912 Mrs. Laura B. Hastings, 1915 Rev. Ralph L. Abraham, Durban, 1914 Mrs. Clara N. Abraham, 1914 The Balkan Mission Rev. Arthur F. Christofersen, Ifafa, 1915 Mrs. Ellen R. Baird, Samokov, Bulgaria, 1870 Mrs. Julia R. Christofersen, 1915 Rev. J. Henry House, Salonica, Greece, 1872 M iss Dorothea E. Kielland, Inanda, 1915 Mrs. Addie B. House, 1872 M iss Minnie E. Carter, Inanda, 1916 i Rev. Robert Thomson, Samokov, 1881 Mr. Wesley C. Atkins, Adams 1917 Mrs. Agnes C. Thomson, 1881 Mrs. Edna S. Atkins, 1917 Miss Mary L. Matthews, Monastir, 1888 Rev. Ray E. Phillips, Inanda, 1917 Miss Mary M. Haskell, Samokov, 1890 Mrs. Dora L. Phillips, 1917 Rev. William P. Clarke, Salonica, *1891 Mrs. Martha G. Clarke. 1900 RHODESIA BRANCH Rev. Edward B. Haskell, Samokov, 1891 Mrs. Elisabeth F. Haskell, 1904 Rev. George A. Wilder, Chikore, 1880 Miss Agnes M. Baird, Samokov, 1898 Mrs. Alice C. Wilder, • 1880 Miss Elizabeth C. Clarke, Sofia, 1899 William L. Thompson, M .D., Mt. Rev. Theodore T. Holway, Sofia, 1901 Silinda, 1891 Mrs. Elizabeth H. Holway, 1901 Mrs. Mary E. Thompson, 1888 Rev. Leroy F. Ostrander, Samokov, 1902 William T. Lawrence, M .D ., Mt. Silinda, 1900 Mrs. Mary R. Ostrander, 1902 M rs. Florence E. Lawrence, 1900 Miss Inez L. Abbott, Samokov, 1907 Mr. Columbus C. Fuller, Chikore, 1902 Rev. Phineas B. Kennedy. Kortchu, -Mrs. Julia B. Fuller, 1902 Albania. 1907 Rev. Thomas King, Mt. Silinda, 1905 Mrs. Violet B. Kennedy, 1907 M rs. Estelle R. King, 1905 Rev. Charles T. Erickson, Albania 1908 M iss Minnie Clarke, Mt. Silinda, 1907 Mrs. Carrie E. Erickson, 1908 Mr. Arthus J. Orner, M t. Silinda, 1909 Rev. Wm. C. Cooper, Salonica, 1909 M rs. Dorothy H. Orner, 1912 Mrs. Eugenia F. Cooper, 1912 Rev. John P. Dysart, Chikore, 1911 Miss Delpha Davis, Monastir 1911 Mrs Mathilde T. D ysart, 1918 Miss Edith L. Douglass, Samokov, 1911 M iss Minnie A. Tontz, Mt. Silinda, 1913 Rev. Lyle D. Woodruff, Philippopolis, 1911 Mr. Arien R. Mather, Mt. Silinda, 1917 Mrs. Alma S. Woodruff, 1911 M rs. Faye S. Mather, 1917 Rev. Reuben H. Markham, Samokov, 1912 Mrs. Mary G. M arkham 1912 West Central Africa Mission Rev. J. Riggs Brewster, Salonica, 1912 Rev. William H. Sanders, Kamundongo, 1880 Mrs. Ethel B. Brewster, 1915 Mrs. Sarah Bell Sanders. 1888 Rev. Wesley M. Stover. Bailundo, 1882 Appointed but Detained on Account <>t Mrs. Bertha D. Stover, 188’ H'or Conditions Mrs. Marion M. Webster, Dondi, 1887 Miss Cecile B. Bowman, Albania. 294 Missionaries of the Board

Western Turkey Mission Missionaries Went Ou: Appointed but Detained on Account of Missionaries Went Out War Conditions Mrs. Sarah D . Riggs, Marsovan, 1869 Mr. and Mrs. Isaac N. Camp, Sivas (Egypt.) Mrs. Sarah S. Smith, Marsovan, 1874 Miss Mary E. Cole, Trebizond. Mrs. Elizabeth L. Chambers, Constanti­ Miss Olive Greene, Smyrna. nople, 1879 Mrs. Walter N. James, Marsovan. Rev. Lyndon S. Crawford, Trebizond, 1879 Rev. and Mrs. John H. Kingsbury, Bardizai; Mrs. Olive T. Crawford, 1881 Miss Annie A. Phelps, Marsovan. Miss Fannie E. Burrage, Cesarea, 1880 Miss Annie E. Pinneo, Smyrna, Mr. William W. Peet, Constantinople, 1881 Miss Ethel W.Putney.Constantinople(Egypt). Mrs. Martha H. Peet, 1881 Mr. and Mrs. Theodore D. Riggs, Marsovan. Mrs. Etta D. Marden, Constantinople, 1881 Mr. G.eorge D. White, Marsovan. Miss Emily McCallum, Smyrna, 1883 Rev. James P. McNaughton, Bardizag, 1887 Central Turkey Mission Mrs. Rebecca G. McNaughton, 1885 Rev. George E. White, Marsovan, 1890 Mrs. Margaret R. Trowbridge, Aintab, 1861 Mrs. Esther B. White, 1890 Rev. Thomas D. Christie, Tarsus, 1877 Miss Anna B. Jones, Constantinople, 1890 Mrs. Carmelite B. Christie, 1877 Rev. Frederick W. Macallum, Constanti­ Rev. William N. Chambers, Adana, 1879 nople, 1890 Mrs. Cornelia P. Chambers, 1879 Mrs. Henrietta W. Macallum, 1890 Mrs. Fanny P. Shepard, Aintab, 1882 Rev. Alexander MacLachlan, Smyrna, 1890 Miss Elien M. Blakely, Marash, 188.5 Mrs. Rose B. MacLachlan, 1893 Miss Elizabeth S. Webb, Adana, 1886 Rev. Henry K. Wingate, Cesarea, 1891 Miss Mary G. Webb, Adana, 1890 Mrs. Jane C. Wingate, 1887 Miss Elizabeth M. Trowbridge, Aintab, 1891 Miss Annie M. Barker, Constantinople, 1894 Miss Caoline F. Hamilton,M.D., Aintab, 1892 Miss Ilse C. Pohl, Smyrna, 1894 Miss Lucile Foreman, Aintab, 1894 Miss Charlotte R. Willard, Marsovan, 1897 Rev. John E. Merrill, Aintab, 1898 M iss Minnie B. Mills, Smyrna, 1897 Mrs. Isabel T. Merrill, 1900 Miss M ary E . Kinney, Adabazar, 1899 Miss Annie E. Gordon, Marash, 1901 Rev. Ernest C. Partridge, Sivas, 1900 Rev. John C. Martin, Marash, 1903 Mrs. Winona G. Partridge, 1900 Mrs. Mary C. Martin, 1903 Rev. Charles T. Riggs, Constantinople, 1900 Miss Olive M. Vaughan, Hadjin, 1904 Mrs. Mary S. Riggs, 1900 Miss Isabelle M. Blake, Aintab, 1905 Miss Mary I. Ward. Marsovan, 1900 Miss Harriet C. Norton, Aintab, 1905 Miss Mary L. Graffam, Sivas, 1901 Rev.Fred F. Goodsell, Marash, 1907 Miss Stella N. Loughridge, Cesarea, 1901 Mrs. Lulu S. Goodsell, 1907 M iss Adelaide S. Dwight, Cesarea, 1902 •Mrs. Mary Rogers Nute, Tarsus, 1908 Miss Susan W. Orvis, Cesarea, 1902 Miss Kate E. Ainslie, Marash, 1908 Charles Ernest Clark, M. D ., Sivas, 1903 Miss Edith Cold, Hadjin, 1910 Mrs. Ina V. Clark, 1903 Cyril H. Haas, M. D., Adana, 1910 Mr. D ana K. Getchell, M arsovan, 1903 Mrs. Ruth D. Haas, 1910 Mrs. Susan Riggs Getchell, 1892 Rev. Edward C. Woodley, Marash, 1912 Miss Annie T. Allen, Brousa, 1903 Mrs. Edythe G. Woodley, 1912 Mr. Samuel L. Caldwell, Smyrna, 1903 Miss C. Grace Towner, Adana, 1912 Mrs. Carrie B. Caldwell. 1903 Miss Bessie M. Hardy, Marash, 1913 Rev. Herbert M. Irwin, Constantinople, 1903 Rev. James K. Lyman, Marash, 1913 Mrs. Genevieve D. Irwin, 1903 Mrs. Elvesta T. Leslie, Aintab, 1913 Miss Nina E. Rice, Sivas, 1903 •Mr. William L. Nute associated with the Miss Jeannie L. Jillson, Constantinople, 1904 Mission, under term service. Mrs. Lillian C. Sewny, Sivas, 1904 Rev. Theodore A. Elmer, Marsovan, 1905 Appointed but Detained on Account o} Mrs. Henrietta M. Elmer, 1905 " j» i War Conditions Alden R. Hoover, M.D., Cesarea, 1906 M iss Imogen E. Russell. Marash. Mrs. Esther F. Hoover, 1906 Miss F. D. Short, Aintab. Miss Clara C. Richmond, Cesarea, 1909 Dr. and Mrs. Mark H. Ward, Aintab. Jesse K. Marden, M.D., Marsovan, 1910 Mrs. Lucy M. Marden, 1891 Eastern Turkey Mission Miss Nellie A. Cole, Trebizond, 1911 Miss Theda B. Phelps, Cesarea, 1911 Rev. Alpheus N. Andrus, Mardin, 1868 Rev. Ernest Pye, Marsovan, 1911 Rev. George C. Raynolds, M.D., Van, 1869 Mrs. De Etta D. Pye. 1911 Mrs. Seraphina S. Dewey, Mardin, 18m Rev. Arthur C. Ryan, Constantinople, 1911 Miss Mary L. Daniels, Harpoot, 1 SK.-> Mrs. Edith H. Ryan, 1911 Miss J. Louise Graf, Mardin, 1894 Rev. S. Ralph Harlow, Smyrna, 1912 Rev. Robert Stapleton, Erzroom, 1897 Mrs. Marion S. Harlow, 1912 Mrs. Ida S. Stapleton, M. D., 1898 Rev. Cass A. Reed, Smyrna. 1912 Rev. Clarence D. Ussher, M.D., Van, 189b Mrs. Rosalind M. Reed, 1916 Miss Ruth M. Bushnell, Erzroom, 1898 Miss Edith F. Parson, Brousa, 1912 Miss Grisell M. McLaren, Harpoot, 1900 Miss Bertha B. Morley, M arsovan, 1912 Mrs. Tacy A. Atkinson, Mezereh, 190- Mr. Luther R. Fowle, Constantinople, 1912 Miss Agnes Fenenga, Mardin, 1901 Mrs. Helen C. Fowle, 1911 Miss Mary W. Riggs, Harpoot, I9''’ M iss Sophie S. Holt, Adabazar. 1913 Rev. Henry H. Riggs. Harpoot, ,y * Rev. J. Kingsley Birge, Smyrna. 1914 Rev. Ernest A. Yarrow, Van " Mrs. Anna H. Birge, 1914 Mrs. Jane T. Yarrow, l c,,,3 Mr. Carl C. Compton, Marsovan, 1917 Miss Diantha L. Dewey, Mardin,(Konia) lg0s Mrs. Ruth McG. Compton. 1917 Rev. Richard S. M. Emrich, Mardin, Rev. W alter N. Jam es, Marsovan, 1917 Mrs. Jeannette W. Emrich. Missionaries of the Board 295

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries W ent O ut Miss E. Gertrude Rogers, Van, 1907 Miss Carolyn D. Smiley, Ahmednagar, 1916 Rev. Harrsion A. Maynard, Bitlis (Van),1908 Miss Carolyn-A. Welles, Sholapur, 1917 Mrs. Mary W. Maynard, 1908 Miss Caroline Silliman, Van, 1908 Madura Mission Rev. Ernest W. Riggs, Harpoot (Beirut), 1911 Mrs. Alice S. Riggs, 1911 Rev. John S. Chandler, Madras, 1873 Rev. Edward .P. Case, M.D., Erzroom, Mrs. Henrietta S. Chandler, 1877 (temporarily at Constantinople), 1911 Rev. James E. Tracy, Kodaikanal, 1877 Mis. Florence F. Case, 1911 Mrs. Fanny S. Tracy, 1877 Miss Isabelle Harley, Harpoot, 1911 Miss Eva M. Swift, Madura, 1884 Miss Rachel B. North, Mardin (Konia), 1911 Miss Mary M. Root, Madura, 1887 Miss Vina M. Sherman,. Erzroom (tem­ Rev. Frank Van Allen, M. D., Madura, 1888 porarily at Constantinople), 1912 Rev. Franklin E. Jeffery, Aruppukottai, 1890 Miss Myrtle O. Shane, Harpoot, 1913 Mrs. Capitola M. Jeffery, 1890 Floyd O. Smith, M.D., (temporarily work­ Rev. Edward P. Holton, Tirumangalam, 1891 ing in the Philippines Mission) 1913 Mrs. Gertrude M. Holton, 1894 Mrs. Bessie H. Smith, 1913 Rev. Willis P. Elwood, Dindigul, 1891 Miss Ruth A. Parmelee, M.D., Harpoot 1914 Mrs. Agnes A. Elwood, 1891 Rev. Ira W. Pierce, Harpoot, (Beirut), 1914 Miss Mary T. Noyes, Madura, 1892 Mrs. Georgina R. Pierce, 1914 Rev. C. Stanley Vaughan, Manamadura,1893 Mrs. M. Ella Vaughan, 1893 Appointed but Detained on Account of Rev. William M. Zumbro, Madura, 1894 War Conditions Mrs. Harriet S. Zumbro, 1907 Rev. David S. Herrick, Banagalore, 1894 Miss Katharine S. Hazeltine, Van. Mrs. Dency T. Herrick, 1887 Mr. Walter D. Knight, Mardin. Miss Harriet E. Parker, M. D., Madura,1895 Rev. John J. Banninga, Pasum alai, 1901 Mrs. M ary D. Banninga, 1901 Marathi Mission Rev. John X. Miller, Pasumalai, 1903 Mrs. Iiepzibeth P. Bruce, Panchgani, 1862 Mrs. Margaret Y. Miller, 1903 Rev. Robert A. Hume, Ahmednagar, 1874 Miss Catherine S. Quickenden, Arup­ Mrs. K ate F. Hume, 1882 pukottai, 1906 Rev. WilliamO. Ballantine, M.D.,Rahuri, 1875 Miss Gertrude E. Chandler, Madura, 1908 Mrs. Josephine L. Ballantine, 1885 Rev. BurleighV. Mathews, Battalagundu, 1908 Rev. Lorin S. Gates, Sholapur, 1875 Mrs. Pearl C. Mathews, . 1910 Mrs. Frances H. Gates 1875 Mr. Jam es H. Lawson, Pasumalai, 1911 Rev. Henry Fairbank, Ahmednagar, 1886 Mrs. Frances E. Lawson, 1911 Mrs. Mary E. Fairbank, 1894 Mr. Edgar M. Flint, Madura, 1912 Mrs. Minnie L. Sibley, Wai, 1886 Mrs. Susanna Q. Flint, 1912 Miss Emily R. Bissell, Bom bay, 1886 Rev. Albert J. Saunders, Madura, 1913 Miss Anna L. Millard, Bombay, 1887 Mrs. Jessie M. Saunders, 1913 Miss Jean P. Gordon, Wai, 1890 Miss Katharine B. Scott, M.D., Madura,1914 Miss Belle Nugent, Satara, 1890 Mr. Lloyd L. Lorbeer, Battalagundu, 1915 Rev. Edward Fairbank, Vadala, 1893 Mrs. E lva H. Lorbeer, 1915 Mrs. Mary C. Fairbank, 1893 Miss K atie Wilcox, M adura, 1915 Miss Esther B. Fowler, Sholapur, 1893 Mrs. Johanna M. Powers, (Lawrence C.) Miss M ary B. Harding, Sholapur, 1897 M anam dura, Rev. William Hazen, Satara. 1900 Rev. Azel A. Martin, Palani, 1915 Mrs. Florence H. Hazen, 1900 Mrs. Emma W. Martin, ^ * Lester H. Beals, M.D., Wai, 1902 Rev. Harold Cooper, Madura, 1916 Mrs. Rose Fairbank Beals, M. D ., 1905 Mrs. Harriet S. Cooper, Mrs. Hannah Hume Lee, Satara, 1903 Mr. L. Curtis Guise, Madura, 1916 Miss Ruth P. Hume, M .D., Ahmednagar, 1903 Mrs. Nettie B. Guise, 1916 Rev. Alden H. Clark, Ahmednagar, 1904 Rev. Edward L. Nolting, Madura, 1916 Mrs. Mary W. Clark, 1904 Mrs. Eda W. Nolting, 1916 •Mrs. Eleanor Stephenson Picken, M. D., Miss Edith M. Coon, Madras, 1916 Bombay, 1906 Miss Bertha K. Smith, Aruppukottai, 191/ Mr. Charles H. Burr, Ahmednagar, 1907 Rev. Emmons E. White, Madura, 1917 Mrs. Annie H. Burr, 1907 Mrs. Ruth P. White, Miss Clara H. Bruce, Ahmednagar, 1907 Miss Mary M. Rogers, Madura, 1918 Mr. David C. Churchill, Ahmednagar, 1907 Mrs. Eleanor F. Churchill, 1912 Ceylon Mission Rev. Arthur A. McBride, Sirur, 1908 Mrs. Elizabeth V. McBride, 1907 Miss Susan R. Howland, Uduvil, 1873 Miss Elizabeth Johnson, Ahmednagar, 1908 Miss Isabella H. Curr, M. D., Inuvil, 1896 Miss Gertrude Harris, Ahmednagar, 1910 Rev. Giles G. Brown, Uduvil, 1899 Rev. Edward W. Felt, Vadala, 1911 Mrs. Clara P. Brown, . 1899 Mrs. Rachel C. Felt, 1910 Rev. James H. Dickson, Tellippallai, 1900 Miss M. Louise Wheeler, Sholapur, 1911 Mrs. Frances A. Dickson, 1900 Rev. Richard S. Rose, Barsi, 1912 Rev. John Bicknell, Vaddukoddai, 1902 Mrs. Isabella B. Rose, 1916 Mrs. Nellie L . Bicknell, 1902 M iss M. Clara Proctor, M .D . .Ahmed nagar, 1912 Mr. Arthur A. Ward, Manepay, 1903 Rev. L. Henry Gates. Sholapur, 1914 Mrs. Alice B. Ward, 1903 Mrs. Katherine V. Gates, 1914 Mr. W. E. Hitchcock, Uduppiddi, 1908 Miss Ella C. Hoxie, Bombay, 1914 Mrs. H attie H. Hitchcock, 1908 Miss L. Lillian Picken, Bombay, 1914 Miss Lulu G. Bookwalter, Uduvil, 1911 *Mr. William L. Picken associated with the M iss Minnie K. Hastings, Uduvil, 1912 Mission, under term service. Mr. Charles W. Miller, Vaddukoddai, 1914 296 Missionaries of the Board

Missionaries Went Out I Missionaries Went Out Mrs. Edith G. Miller, 1905 Miss Helen Tow, Canton, 1914 Miss Lucy K. Clark, Uduvil, 1915 Miss Mabel E. Daniels, Canton, 1917 Miss Elizabeth I. Hansen, R. X.. Inuvil, 1916 North China Mission Foochow Mission Chihli District Rev. Joseph E. Walker, Shaowu, 1872 Henry T. Whitney, M. D., Inghok, 1877 Rev. Chauncey Goodrich, Peking, 1865 Mrs. Lurie S. Whitney, 1877 Mrs. Sarah B. Goodrich, 1879 Miss Elsie M. Garretson, Ponasang, 1880 Miss Mary E. Andrews, Peking, 1868 Rev. George H. Hubbard, Foochow 1884 Mrs. Eleanore W. Sheffield, Tungchow, 1869 Mrs. Nellie L. Hubbard, 1884 Rev. Arthur H. Smith, Tungchow, 1872 Hardman N. Kinnear, M. D., Foochow, 1889 Mrs. Emma D. Smith, 1872 Mrs. Ellen J. Kinnear, 1893 Mrs. Mary P. Ament, Peking, 1877 Edward L . Bliss, M. D., Shaowu, 1892 James H. Ingram, M. D., Peking, 1887 Mrs. Minnie M. Bliss, 1898 Mrs. Myrtle B. Ingram, 1895 Miss Caroline E. Chittenden, Inghok, 1892 Miss Luella Miner, Peking, 1887 Rev. Williard L. Beard, Foochow, 1894 Miss Abbie G. Chapin, Paotingfu, 1893 Mrs. Ellen L. Beard, 1894 Rev. George D. Wilder, Peking, 1894 Miss Emily S. Hartwell, Foochow, 1896 Mrs. Gertrude W. Wilder, 1893 Miss Lucy P. Bement, M. D., Shaowu, 1898 Rev. Howard S. Galt, Tungchow, 1899 Miss Frances K. Bement, Shaowu, 1898 Mrs. Louise A. Galt, 1899 Miss Josephine C. Walker, Shaowu, 1900 Mr. James H. McCann, Tientsin, 1901 Miss Martha Wiley, Foochow, 1900 Mrs. Netta K. McCann, 1901 Rev. Edward H. Smith, Inghok, 1901 Rev. William B. Stelle, Peking, 1901 Mrs. Grace W. Smith, 1901 Mrs. M. Elizabeth Stelle, 1899 Rev. Lewis Hodous, Foochow, 1901 Miss Bertha P. Reed, Peking, 1902 Mrs. Anna J. Hodous, 1901 Miss Jessie E. Payne, Tientsin, 1904 Mr. George M. Newell, Foochow, 1904 Charles W. Young, M. D., Peking. 1904 Mrs. Mary R. Newell, 1906 Mrs. Olivia D. Young, 1904 Rev. Charles L. Storrs, Shaowu, 1904 Rev. Lucius C. Porter, Tungchow, 1908 Mrs. M ary G. Storrs, 1917 Mrs. Lillian D. Porter, 1908 Miss Grace A. Funk, Shaowu, 1906 Miss Lucy I. Mead, Peking, 1909 Miss Elizabeth S. Perkins, Ponasang, 1907 Rev. Murray S. Frame, Tungchow, 1910 Rev. Edwin D. Kellogg, Shaowu, 1909 Mrs. Alice B. Frame, 1905 Mrs. Alice R. Kellogg, 1909 Rev. Elmer W. Galt, Paotingfu. 1910 Rev. Frederick P. Beach, Diongloh, 1910 Mrs. Altie C. Galt, 1910 Mrs. Ruth W. Beach, 1907 Rev. Harry S. Martin, Peking, 1910 Miss Gertrude H. Blanchard, Diongloh, 1910 Mrs. Rose L. Martin, 1910 Rev. Leonard J. Christian, Foochow, 1910 Miss Isabelle Phelps, Paotingfu. 1910 Mrs. Agnes M. Christian, 1909 Rev. Robert E. Chandler, Tienstin, 1911 Miss Irene La W. Dornblaser, Ponasang,1910 Mrs. Helen D. Chandler, 1911 Miss Edna M. Deahl, Foochow, 1911 O. Houghton Love, M. D., Tungchow, 1911 Miss D aisy D. M. Brown, Ponasanu. 1912 Mrs. Caroline M. Love, 1911 ‘ Mrs. Elaine Strang Donaldson, Inghok, 1912 Miss Louise E. Miske, Peking, 1912 Charles L. Gillette, M. D., Diongloh, 1912 I Rev. Dean R. Wickes, Tungchow, 1912 Mrs. Margaret W. Gillette, 1913 i Mrs. Fanny S. Wickes, 1912 Rev. Clarence A. Neff, Foochow, 1913 ! Rev. Hugh W. Hubbard, Paotingfu, 1913 Janies F. Cooper, M. D., Foochow, 1913 Mrs. Mabel E. Hubbard, 1907 Mr. Harold B. Belcher, Foochow. 1914 Miss Carolyn T. Sevvall, Tientsin, 191.? Mrs. Marion W. Belcher, 1914 Miss Katharine P. Crane, Peking, 1914 Miss Stella M. Cook, Ponasang, 1914 Miss M. Portia Mickey, Tientsin, 1914 Miss Laura D. Ward. Diongloh. 1914 Miss Adelle L. Tenney, Peking, 1915 Miss M. Elizabeth W addell, Inghok, 1915 Rev. Earle H. Ballou, Tientsin, 19Hi Miss Lora G. Dyer, M. D., Foochow, 1916 Mrs. Thelma H. Ballou, 1916 Miss Bertha H. Allen, Ponasang, 1916 Rev. Harold W. Robinson, Paotingfu, 1916 Rev. Robert W. McClure, Shaowu, 1916 Mrs. Mary Robinson, 191,6 Mrs. Jeanie G. McClure, 1916 Miss Margaret A. Smith, Tungchow, 1916 Mr. Charles H. Riggs, Shaowu, 1916 Miss Grace M. Breck, Paotingfu, 1917 Mrs. Grace F. Riggs, 1916 Miss Esme, V. Anderson, Peking, 1917 Mr. Roderick Scott, Foochow. 1916 Rev. Rowland M. Cross, Peking, 1917 Mrs. Agnes K. Scott, 1916 Rev. Alfred D. Heininger, Peking, 1917 Rev. Samuel H. Leger, Foochow. 1917 Mrs. Erma K. Heininger. 1917 Mrs. Mabel M. Leger, 1917 Miss Alice M. Huggins, Tungchow, 1917 Miss L. Vera McRevnolds, Inghok, 1917 Miss Clara A. Xutting, M. D., Peking, 1917 ‘ Mr. Fred F. G. Donaldson associated with the Mission under tetm service. Shantung District South China Mission Miss E. C.crtrude Wyckotf, Tehchow, 1887 Francis F. Tucker, M. D., Tehchow, 1902 Rev. Charles A. Kelson, Canton, 1892 Mrs. Emma B. Tucker. M. D., 1902 Mrs. Jennie M. Xelson, 1892 Rev. Emery W. Ellis, Lintsingchow, 1904 M iss Edna Lowrey, Canton. 1907 Mrs. Minnie C. Elli.~, 1904 Rev. Obed S. Johnson, Canton, 1909 Rev. Charles A. Stanley, Tehchow, 1904 Mrs. Vida L. Johnson, 1907 Mrs. Louise II. Stanley, 1904 Miss Ruth E. Mulliken, Canton, 1910 M rs. Susan Tallmon Sargent, M. D.. Miss S. Josephine Davis, Canton. 1911 Lintsingchow, Rev. William C. Miller, Canton, 1914 Rev. Vinton P. Eastmen, Lintsingchow, 1908 Mrs. Katie G. Miller, 1905 Mrs. Florence C. Eastman io o x Missionaries of the Board 297 if issionaries IT ent Out I Missionaries Went Out Miss Edith C. Tallmon, Lintsingchow, 1911 Rev. Henry J. Bennett, Tottori, Miss Myra L. Sawyer, Tehchow, 1911 1901 Mrs. Anna J. Bennett, 1905 Miss Mabel I. Huggins, Tehchow. 1913 Rev. Morton D. Dunning, Kyoto, Miss Ethel M. Long, Lintsingchow, 1913 1902 Mrs. Mary W. Dunning, 1902 Miss Amy A. Metcalf, M. D., Tehchow, 1915 Rev. Charles M. Warren, Miyazaki, Rev. Lyman V. Cady, Tehchow, 1916 1902 Mrs. Cora Keith Warren, 1899 Mrs. Muriel P. Cady, 1916 Miss Olive S. Hoyt, Kobe, Mr. Paul N. MacEachron, Tehchow. 1916 1902 Rev. C. Burnell Olds, Niigata, 1903 Mrs. Helen D. MacEachron, 1916 Mrs. Genevieve D. Olds, Lee M. Miles, M. D., Tehchow, 1916 1903 Miss Charlotte B. DeForest, Kobe, 1903 Mrs. Frieda S. Miles, 1916 Rev. Frank A. Lombard, Kyoto, Miss Alice C. Reed, Tehchow, 1916 1904 Mrs. Alice W. Lombard, 1911 Rev. Edward S. Cobb, Kyoto, Shansi District 1904 Mrs. Florence B. Cobb, 1904 Rev. Mark Williams, Taikuhsien, 1866 Miss Elizabeth Ward, Osaka, 1906 Willoughby A. Hemingway, M. L)., T ai­ I Mr. Dana I. Grover, Kyoto, 1907 kuhsien, 1903 | Mrs. Charlotte W. Grover, 1908 Mrs Mary E. Hemincway, 1903 I Miss Grace H. Stowe, Kobe, 1908 Rev. Paul L. Corbin, Taikuhsien, 1904 Miss Mary E. Stowe, Kobe, 1908 Mrs. Miriam L. Corbin, 1904 Miss Edith Curtis, Otaru, 1911 Miss Flora K. Heebner, Taikuhsien, 1904 ; Miss Estella L. Coe, Tottori, 1911 Rev. W atts O. Pyc, Fenchow, 1907 j Miss Amy E. McKowan, Osaka, 1911 Mrs. Gertrude C. Pye, 1909 j Rev. Jerome C. Holmes. Otaru, 1913 Percy T. Watson, M. D., Fenchow, 1909 | Mrs. Jennie E. Holmes, 1913 Mrs. Clara F. Watson, 1909 | Miss Nettie L. Rupert, Kobe, 1913 Rev. Wynn C. Fairfield, Taikuhsien, 1910 | Miss Katherine F. Fanning, Maebashi, 1914 Mrs. Daisie G. Fairfield, 1907 j Rev. Marion E. Hall, Tottori, 1915 Miss Grace E. McConnaughev, Fenchowl910 i Mrs. Marjory W. Hall, 1915 Mr. Jesse B. Wolfe, Taikuhsien, 1912 Miss Madeline C. Waterhouse, Kyoto, 1915 Mrs. Clara H. Wolfe, 1912 Rev. James M. Hess, Kyoto, 1915 Rev. Willian R. Leete, Fenchow, 1913 Mrs. Mildred W. Hess, 1915 Mrs. Anna K. Leete, 1913 Rev. Frank Cary, Tokyo, 1916 Rev. Arthur W. Hummel, Fenchow, 1914 Mrs. Rosamond B. Cary, 1909 Mrs. Ruth B. Hummel. 1914 Rev. Sherwood F. Moran, Tokyo, 1916 Rev. Frank B. Warner, Taiku, 1914 Mrs. Ursul R. Moran, 1916 Mrs. Maude B. Warner, 1915 M iss Alice Cary, Kyoto. 1916 Miss Josephine E. Horn, Fenchow, 1915 Miss Edith E. Husted, Kobe, 1917 Miss Alzina C. Munger, Taikuhsien, 1915 Rev. Kenneth S. Beam, Tokyo, 1917 Miss Ruth W. Tolman, Fenchow, 1916 Mrs. Florence N. Beam, 1916 Miss Sarah M. Field, Tokyo, 1917 Japan Mission Mrs. Agnes D. Gordon. Kyoto, 1872 Rev. Dwight W. Learned, Kyoto, 1875 Micronesia Mission Mrs. Florence H. Learned, 1875 Miss Martha J. Barrows, Kobe, 1876 Miss Jessie R. Hoppin, Jaluit, 1890 Miss H. Frances Parmelee, M atsuyam a, 1877 Miss Elizabeth Baldwin, Kusaie, 1898 Rev. Otis Cary, Kyoto, 1878 Miss Jane D. Baldwin, Kusaie, 1898 Mrs. Ellen E. Cary, 1878 Rev. James H. Pettee, Tokyo, 1878 Mrs. Belle W. Pettee, 187K Rev. George Allchin, Osaka, 1882 Mission to the Philippines Mrs. Nellie S. Allchin, 1882 M iss Adelaide Daughaday, Sapporo, 1883 Rev. Irving M. Channon, Cagayan, 1890 Mrs. Frances H. Davis, Kobe, 1883 Mrs. Mary G. Channon, 1890 Miss Susan A. Searle, Kobe, 1883 Rev. Frank J. Woodward, Surigao, 1911 Rev. Arthur W. Stanford, Kobe, 1886 Mrs. Marion W. Woodward, 1909 Mrs. Jane H. Stanford, 1886 Rev. Frank C. Laubach, Ph.D., Cagayan 1915 Rev. George M. Rowland, Sapporo. 1886 Mrs. Effa S. Laubach, 1915 Mrs. Helen A. Rowland, 1886 Lucius W. Case, M .D., Davao, 1915 M iss Cornelia Judson, M atsuyam a, 1886 Rev. Julius S. Augur, D avao, 1916 Rev. Cyrus A. Clark, Miyazaki, 1887 Mrs. Gertrude E. Augur, 1916 Mrs. Harriet G. Clark, 1887 Miss Annie L. Howe, Kobe, 1887 Miss Mary E. Wainwright, Okayama. 1887 Rev. Horatio B. Newell, M atsuvam a, 1887 Mission to Mexico Mrs. Jane C. Newell. 1888 Miss Mary F. Denton. Kyoto. 1888 Rev. John Howland, Cnihuahua, 1882 Miss Gertrude Cozad, Kobe. 1888 Mrs. Sara B. Howland, 1882 Miss Annie H. Bradshaw, Sendai, 1889 Rev. Alfred C. Wright, Chihuahua, 1886 Rev. Hilton Pedley, Maebashi, 1889 Mrs. Annie C. Wright, 1886 Mrs. Martha J. Pedley. 1887 Miss Ellen O. Prescott, Parral, 1888 Miss Fannie E. Griswold, Maebashi, 1889 Miss Mary B. Dunning, Parral, 1889 Rev. Schuyler S. White, Tsuvama, 1890 Miss Mary F. Long, Chihuahua, 1897 Mrs. Ida M. White, 1888 Miss Lora F. Smith, Hermosillo, 1910 Rev. William L. Curtis, Kyoto, 1890 Mr. Louis B. Fritts. Chihuahua, 1912 Mrs. Grace L. Curtis, 1916 Mrs. Mary G. Fritts, 1912 Miss Alice P. Adams, Okayama. 1891 Miss Jessie Bissell, Hermosillo, 1917 298 ' Missionaries of the Board

Missionaries Went Out Missionaries Went Out Mission to Spain Mission to Austria Rev. William H. Gulick, Barcelona, 1871 Rev. Albert W. Clark, Prague, 1872 Miss Anna F. Webb, Barcelona, 1892 Mrs. Ruth E. Clark, 1884 Miss May Morrison, Barcelona, 1904 Rev. John S. Porter, Prague, 1891 Rev. Wayne H. Bowers, Bilbao, 1913 Mrs. Lizzie L. Porter, 1893 Mrs. Margaret C. Bowers, 1913 CORPORATE MEMBERS OF THE BOARD LIFE MEMBERS (The year of election is indicated by the date following each name.) Rev. William E. Barton, Oak Park, 111. 1901 Rev. Newell D. Hillis, Brooklyn, N. Y. 1900 Pres. David N. Beach, Bangor, Me. 1889 Orrin H. Ingram, Eau Claire, Wis. 1899 Rev. Motier A. Bullock, Lincoln, Nebr. 1894 Lowell E. Jepson, Minneapolis, Minn. 1901 F r a n k lin Carter, LL.D., Williamstown, Frank S. Jones, Brooklyn, N. Y. 1901 M ass. 1882 Rev. PaysonW.Lyman,FallRiver,Mass. 1888 Rev. Frank S. Child, Fairfield, Conn. 1900 Thomas C. MacMillan, LaGrange, 111. 1901 Hon. W. M urray Crane, Dalton, Mass. 1895 Rev.FrankB.Makepeace,Granby,Conn. 1897 Rev. Charles C. Creegan, Marietta, Ohio, 1889 Rev. James G. Merrill, Lake Helen, Fla. 1897 Alexander G. Cummock, Lowell, Mass. 1889 Rev. Calvin B. Moody, Kansas City, Mo. 1898 Rev. Harry P. Dewey, Minneapolis, Rev. Albert F. Pierce, Middletown,N.Y. 1897 Minn. 1902 Rev. WilliamH. Pound, Wolfeboro,N.H. 1897 David Fales, Lake Forest, 111. 1895 Rev. Newman Smyth, New' Haven, Conn. 1897 Rev. William P. Fisher, Andover, Mass. 1884 Charles E. Swett, Winchester,Mass. 1896 Merrill E. Gates, Washington, D. C. 1891 Rev. William A. Waterman, San Diego, Rev. William W. Gist, Cedar Falls, la. 1896 Cal. 1889 Hon. James M. W. Hall, Newton Center, Frank H. Wiggin, Boston, Mass. 1895 Mass. 1889 Rev. William H. Woodwell, West Med­ Miss Caroline Hazard, Peacedale, R. I. 1899 way, Mass. 1895 Rev. Caspar W. H iatt, Peoria, 111. 1895

MEMBERS-AT-LARGE (Under the By-Laws the Board is allowed one hundred and fifty members at-large, the term of service being six years. As a temporary expedient members in this class in 1913 and 1915 were elected for two, four and six years, in order eventually to have this class divided into three groups of approximately fifty each, with terms expiring every two years. In 1917 all in this class were elected for 6 years. The date of first and last election is indicated after each name, also the term, whether 4 or 6 years.) California Hawaii Pres. James A. Blaisdell, Claremont, 1915-6 Peter C. Jones, Honolulu, 1899, 1917-6 Charles E. Harwood, Upland, 1910, 1917-6 William R. Castle, Honolulu, 1906, 1917-6 Rev. H. H. Kelsey, San Francisco, 1915-6 George W. Marston, San Diego, 1905, 1915-4 Illinois Rev. Charles S. Nash, Berkeley, 1913, 1915—6 Rev. H. Melville Tenney, Piedmont, 1915-6 Henry W. Austin, Oak Park, 1913-6 Myron Ja y Carpenter, L a Grange, 1913—6 C anada Pres. O. S. D avis, Chicago, 1909, 1915—4 James T. Daley, Coburg, Ont., 1913-6 Clarence S. Funk, Oak Park, 1914, 1915—6 Rev. A. N. Hitchcock, Chicago, 1892, 1917-6 Colorado Frank Kimball, 1906, 1917-6 Jam es H. Moore, Chicago, 1910, 1915—6 Pres. W. F. Slocum, Colorado Springs, 1915-6 Myron A. Myers, Hinsdale, 1910, 1915—6 Wm. E. Sweet, Denver, 1915, 1917-6 Robert W. Patton, Highland Park, 1915—6 L. K. Seymour, Payson, 1913—6 Connecticut Robert E. Short, Seward, 1911, 1917—6 Brayton W. Smith, Jacksonville, 1913, 1915-6 Simeon E. Baldwin, New Haven, 1910, 1915-6 F. H. Tuthill, Chicago, 1917-6 Prof. H. P. Beach, New Haven, 1897, 1917—6 Rev. James W. Bixler, New Lon­ Iowa don, 1897. 1915-6 Henry H. Bridgman, Norfolk,^ 1903, 1915-6 Pres. John H. T. Main, Grinnell, 1913-6 Rev. Charles R. Brown, New F. A. McCornack, Sioux City, 1904, 1915-4 Haven, 1896, 1917-6 Prof. Edward Warren Capen, K an sas Hartford, 1915-6 Prof. Arthur L. Gillett, Hartford, 1897, 1915-4 Howard W. Darling, Wichita, 1909, 1915-6 Rev. Oscar E. Maurer, 1912, 1917—6 John H. Perry, Southport, 1893, 1917-6 Massachusetts Samuel C. Shaw, Bridgeport, 1913, 1915-6 Prof. Williston Walker, New Rev. James L. Barton, Newton Haven, 1906, 1917-6 Center, 1894, 1917-6 Martin Welles, Hartford, 1909, 1915-4 Rev. Enoch F. Bell, Boston, 1909, 1915-4 SamuelH.Williams.Glastonbury, 1913, 1915-6 Dr. John C. Berry, Worcester, 1897, 1915-6 Dr. E. H. Bigelow, Framingham 1909, 1917-6 Florida Walter K. Bigelow, Salem, 1909, 1915-4 Rev. L. H. Hallock, Manavista, 1894, 1915—6 Charles A. Bliss, N'ewburyport, 1917-6 Rev. H. A. Bridgman, Boston, 1915-6 Georgia Rev. Raymond Calkins, Cam­ bridge, 1908, 1913—6 Rev. Henry H. Proctor. Atlanta 1917-6 Rev. Francis E. Clark, Boston, 1888, 1915-6

299 3 ° ° Corporate Members of the Board

James E. Clark, Newton, 1917-6 New Y ork Lewis A. Crossett, N. Abington 1903, 1915-6 Rev. John H. Denison, Williams- Edwin H. Baker, New York City 1889, 1915-4 town, 1904, 1915-4 Rev. Albert E. Dunning, Brook­ Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, Brook- line, 1889, 1915-6 lyn, 1894, 1915-6 Rev. Edward D. Eaton, Cam­ Joseph E. Brown, Brooklyn, 1891, 1915-6 bridge, 1889, 1917-6 Wm. H. Crosby, 1906, 1917-6 Rev.D. Brewer Eddy,Newtonville. 1908, 1913-6 Guilford Dudley, Poughkeepsie, 1896, 1915-6 Rev. Gorge A. Gordon, Boston 1895, 1917-6 Dyer B. Holmes, New York City, 1898, 1917-6 Alfred S. Hall, Winchester, 1908, 1913-6 Rev. Charles E. Jefferson, New Rev. Hubert C. Herring, Boston, 1913-6 York City, 1896, 1917-6 Arthur S. Johnson, Boston, 1913-6 Albro J. Newton, Brooklyn 1897, 1915-4 George E. Keith, Campello, 1900, 1915-6 Wm. fi. Nichole, Brooklyn, 1897, 1915-4 Henry P. Kendall, Walpole, 1914, 1915-6 Rev. F. K. Sanders, Yonkers, 1902, 1917 6 Rev. Shepherd Knapp, Worcester, 1913-6 Rev. Edward Lincoln Smith, New James Logan, Worcester, 1908, 1913-6 York City, 1902, 1915 4 Prof. Edward C. Moore, Cam­ Rev. H. A. Stimson, New York bridge, 1899, 1917-6 City, 1896, 1915-6 Rev. Edward M. Noyes, Newton Edwin.G. Warner, Brooklyn, 1909, 1917-6 Center, 1901, 1915-6 Franklin H. Warner, White Plains 1917-6 Rev.CorneliusH .Patton,Newton, 1900, 1915—6 Lucien C.Warner.New YorkCity, 1895, 1915-4 Arthur Perry, Boston, 1908, 1913-6 Samuel Woolverton, Scarsdale, 1915 6 Prof.JohnW.Platner,Cambridge, 1914, 1917-6 Henry H. Proctor, Boston, 1898, 1915-6 Charles M. Rhodes, Taunton, 1910, 1917-6 Ohio William Shaw, Ballardvale, 1911, 1917-6 Rev.Wm.E.Strong,Newtonville, 1905, 1915-4 Prof. Edward I. Bosworth, Ober- F. B. Towne, Holyoke, 1915-6 lin' . 1906, 1917-6 George E. Tucker, Ware, 1896, 1915-6 Rev. Washington Gladden, Col­ Samuel Usher, Cambridge, 1896, 1917-6 umbus, 1888, 1915-6 Rev. Ambrose W. Vernon, Brook­ J. G. Hindley, Ashtabula, 1917-6 line. 1905, 1915-6 John J. Jennings, Cleveland, 1906, 1917-6 Arthur H. Wellman, Boston, 1897, 1915-4 Pres. Henry C. King, Oberlin. 1902, 1915-6 Thomas Weston. Newton, 1890, 1915-6 Rev. Irving W. Metcaif, Oberlin, 1904, 1917-6 Herbert A. Wilder, Newton, 1902, 1915-4 Wm. W. Mills, M arietta, 1898, 1915-4 Francis O. Winslow, Norwood, 1903, 1913-6 Dr. John J. Thomas, Youngs­ Pres. Mary' E. Woolley, So. Had­ town, 1 9 1 1, 1917-6 ley, 1903, 1913-6 Oregon M ich igan Frank E. Bogart, Detroit, 1914, 1915-6 William H. Lewis, Portland, 1909, 1915-6 Rev.DwightGoddard.AnnArbor, 1914, 1915-4 Frank D. Taylor. Detroit, 1893, 1917-6 Rhode Island Paul Chamberlain Warren, Three Oaks, 1910, 1915-6 Herbert J. Wells, Kingston, 1897, 1917-6 M in n eso ta South Dakota Albert Baldwin, Duluth. 1913, 1915-4 Prof. M. L. Burton, Minneapolis, 1915-6 Pres.HenryK. Warren, Yankton, 1909, 1915-4 Pres. D. J. Cowling. Northfield, 1914, 1915-6 Rer. Fred B. Hill, Northfield, 1909, 1917-6 Rev. David Percy Jones, Minne­ T exas apolis 1903, 1913—6 FrederickW.Lyman,Minneapolis, 1905, 1915-6 Ernest M. Powell, Dallas, 1913-6 Rev. Edward M. Williams, North- ! field. 1909 1917-6 | M issouri ! V erm on t Augustus Benedict, St. Louis, 1892, 1915-6 !J Frank H. Brooks St. Johnsbury, 1908, 1913-6 ! Rev. Henry Fairbanks, St. Johns- New Hampshire ! bury, 1877, 1915-6 Charles S. Bates Exeter. 1913-6 Elisha R. Brown, Dover, 1894, 1917-6 Rev.L.H.Thayer,Portsmouth, 1908, 1913-6 W ash in gto n New Je rse y Prof.L.F. Anderson, WallaWalla, 1909, 1917-6 Pres. S. B. L. Penrose, Walla Rev.CharlesH.Baker.Montclair. 1894, 1915-4 W alla, 1896. 1915 4 Harry Wade Hicks, Glen Ridge, 1906, 1917-6 Clarence H. Kelsey, Orange, 1906, 1917-6 Rev. Chas. S. Mills, Montclair, 1913-6 W isconsin Rev. Charles H. Richards, Mont­ clair, 1894, 1917-6 Wm. C. White, Milwaukee, 1914, 1915-6 Edward T. Wilkinson, Montclair.1914, 1915-6 John M. Whitehead, Janesville, 1894, 1915-4 Corporate Members of the Board 301

NATIONAL COUNCIL DELEGATES (Under the By-Laws adopted in 1913 all certified delegates to the National Council o f the Congregational Churches of the United States are deemed nominated f o r election a s C o r p o r a t e Members of the Board. To avoid duplication in this class names are omitted which appear in any of the above classes. The t e r m of service of this class of m e m b e r s is two or four years as determ ined by . the electing body o r b y the National Council. Eventually the terms of all in this class will be four years.) A labam a Rev. D. E. Jones, West Hartiord, 2 yrs Mr. H. C. Lathrop. Willimantic 4 yrs Rev. E. W. Butler, Thorsby, 4 yrs Rev. E. E. Lewis, Haddam, 4 yrs Rev. George Eaves, Birmingham, 2 yrs Judge J. H. Light, So. Norwalk, 2 yrs Rev. James M. Graham, Thorsby, 4 yrs Rev. Henry W. Maier, New Britain 4 yrs Rev. S. H. Herbert, Thorsby, 2 yrs Rev. E. O. Mead, Cornwall, 2 yrs Rev. E. Lyman Hood, Atlanta, 2 yrs Mr. Epaphroditus Peck, Bristol, 2 yrs Rev. H. M. Kingsley, Talladega, 4 yrs Rev. Watson L. Phillips, Shelton, 2 yrs Rev. C. P. Lunsford, Hackleburg, 4 yrs •Mr. Frederick G. Platt, New Britain 4 yrs Rev. Clifford L. Miller, Talladega 2 yrs Rev. M. R. Plumb, Windham, 2 yrs Rev. Charles T. Rogers, Thorsby, 4 yrs Mr. Arthur L. Shipman, Hartford, 2 yrs Hon. Herbert Knox Smith, Farmington, 2 yrs Arizona Rev. John Stapleton, So. Norwalk, 4 yrs Rev. A. T. Steele, Madison, 2 yrs Mr. J. W. Estill, Tucson, 4 yrs Mr. John G. Talcott, Talcottville, 4 yrs Rev. Phillip C. Walcott, Naugatuck, 4 yrs C alifornia Rev. Edward S. Worcester, Norwich, 2 yrs Rev. Herbert J. Wyckoff, Norwich, 4 yrs Mrs. Fred Betts, Los Angeles, 4 yrs Rev. J. L. R. Wyckoff, No. Woodbury, 4 yrs Rev. John W. Buckham, Berkeley, 2 yrs Mr. E. P. Clark, Los Angeles, 4 yrs District of Columbia Mrs. E. P. Clark, Los Angeles, 2 yrs Mrs. G. F. Delaney, Los Angeles, 2 yrs Rev. Edwin M. Bliss, Washington 2 yrs Mrs. Ernest A. Evans Mill Valley, 2 yrs Mr. Fred W. Sweney, Washington, 4 yrs Rev. W. W. Ferrier, Berkeley, 2 yrs Mr. Edwin F. Hahn, Pasadena, 2 yrs Florida Rev. J. J. Kelly, Ripon, 4 yrs Rev. George F. Kenngott, Los Angeles, 2 yrs Rev. William F. Blackman, Lake Monroe 2 yrs Rev. Kunio Kodaira, San Francisco, 4 yrs Rev. George B. Spaulding, Miami, 4 yrs Rev. M. G. Papazian, Fresno, 4 yrs Rev. George B. Waldron, Tampa, 4 yrs Rev. Bryant G. Preston, Palo Alto, 4 yrs Rev. Cornelius Richert, Fresno, 4 yrs Georgia Rev. J. E. Telford, Grass Valley, 2 yrs Rev. Willard B. Thorp, San Diego. 4 yrs Rev. John F. Blackburn, Atlanta, 2 yrs Rev. Francis J. Van Horn, Oakland, 4 yrs Rev. Joseph W. Blosser, Atlanta, 2 yrs Rev. H. H. Wickoff, San Francisco, 2 yrs Rev. James Bond, Atlanta, 4 yrs Rev. Charles Wesley Burton, Mason, 4 yrs Colorado Rev. G. S. Butler, Demorest 2 yrs Rev. C. Stephen Haynes, Athens, 2 yrs Rev. Robert Allingham, Denver, 2 yrs Rev. W. H. Hopkins Atlanta 2 yrs Rev. F. P. Ensminger, Lyons, 4 yrs Rev. Frank E. Jenkins, Demorest, 2 yrs Rev. F. J. Estabrook, Denver, 4 yrs Rev. Charles N. Queen, Demorest, 2 yrs Mrs. F. J. Estabrook, Denver, 2 yrs Rev. Alvan F. Sherrill. College Park, 2 yrs Rev. John Hoelzer, Fort Collins, 4 yrs Rev. A. P. Spillers, Albany, 4 yrs Rev. Frank W. Hullinger, Colorado City, 4 yrs Rev. J. S. Hurlburt. Redvale, 2 yrs Hawaii Rev. F. L. Moore, Denver, 4 yrs Rev. J. N. Trompen, Aurora, 4 yrs Mr. A. DeWitt Alexander, New Haven 2 yrs Rev. Edwin F. Wright,Steamboat Springs 4 yrs Miss Ruth A. Benedict, Honolulu, 2 yrs Rev. R. B. Dodge, Wailuku, 2 yrs Connecticut Mrs. R. B. Dodge, Wailuku, 2 yrs Rev. J. P. Erdman, Honolulu, 2 yrs Rev. JohnW. Ballantine, Stafford Springs 4 yrs Mr. John H. Baird, Bethel 2 yrs Idaho Mr. Elliott B. Bronson, Winchester, 2 yrs Rev. Charles F. Carter, Hartford, 4 yrs Rev. Walter H. Ashley, Weiser, 2 yrs Rev. Edward M.Chapman, Xew London, 2 yrs Mrs. S. B. Dudley, Weiser, 2 yrs Mr. E. S. Coe, Cromwell, 2 yrs Rev. Charles E.Mason, Mountain Home. 4 yrs Judge Alfred Coit, New London, 2 yrs Rev. Arthur J. Sullens, Portland, 2 yrs Rev. William Horace Day, Bridgeport, 2 yrs Rev. Carl Veazie, Wallace, 2 yrs Mr. Darragh De Lancey, Waterbury, 2 yrs Rev. Spencer E. Evans, Terryville, 4 yrs Illinois Dr. Samuel M. Garlick, Bridgeport, 2 yrs Rev. Frederick W. Greene, Middletown, 2 yrs Rev. W. W. Bennett, Rockford, 4 yrs Rev. Charles E. Hesselgrave, So. Man­ Rev. J. G. Brooks, Wheaton, 4 yrs chester, 4 yrs Rev. Frank J. Brown, Payson, 2 yrs -Mr. Everett G. Hill, Hartford, 2 yrs Rev. Charles A. Bruner, Bloomington, 2 yrs Rev. Thomas M. Hodgdon, West Hart­ Rev. Ray E. Butterfield, Chicago, 2 yrs ford, 4 yrs Mr. Frank F. Butzow, Loda, 4 yrs Rev. Roy M. Houghton, New Haven, 4 yrs Mr. W. R. Curran. Pekin 2 yrs Rev. George H. Johnson, New Milford, 2 yrs Hon. George A. Dupuy, Chicago, 4 yrs 302 Corporate Members of the Board

Mr. Marquis Eaton, Chicago, 4 yrs Rev. Arthur S. Henderson, Topeka, 2 yr ^ Mr. D. R. Evans, Depue, 4 yrs Rev. Herbert O. Judd, Garden City 2 yrs Rev. Frank Fox, Decatur, 4 yrs Rev. John E. McClain, Independence, 4 yrs Prof. J. H. Freeman, Aurora 4 yrs Mr. E. R. Moses, Great Bend, 4 yr? Rev. J. P. Galvin, Mounds, 4 yrs Rev. John H. J. Rice, Emporia, 4 yrs Rev. John Gardner Chicago, 4 yrs Pres. Walter H. Rollins, Wichita, 2 yrs Rev. John Gordon, Rockford 2 yrs Rev. Charles M. Sheldon, Topeka, 4 yrs Mr. R. S. Haney, Moline, 4 yrs Rev. Clayton B. Wells, Wichita, 4 yrs Mr. George M. Herrick, Chicago, 4 yrs Mr. H. H. Welty, Topeka, 4 yrs Mr. A. W. Hopkins, Granville, 4 yrs Rev. Anton Huelster, Barrington, 4 yrs Kentucky Rev. James A. Jenkins, Chicago, 2 yrs Mr. Nicholas L. Johnson Batavia, 4 yrs Rev. W. L. Johnson, Lexington, 2 yrs Rev. Percy C. Ladd, Moline, 4 yrs Rev. J. Madison Trosper, Evarts, 4 yrs Rev. James M. Lewis, Sandwich 2 yrs Rev. Thomas McClelland, Galesburg, 4 yrs Louisiana Rev. George T. McCollum, Chicago, 2 yrs Rev. Frank Merrithew, Springfield, 4 yrs Rev. A. V. Boutte, Cypress, 2 yrs Rev. W. B. Milne, Clifton 4 yrs Rev. Leroy Coxon, Schriever. 2 yrs Rev. J. C. Myers, Peoria, 4 yrs Rev. H. H. Dunn, New Orleans, 2 yrs Rev. Frank C. Neitz, St. Charles, 2 yrs Rev. Thomas A. Edwards, Eros, 4 yrs Rev. John R. Nichols, Chicago, 2 yrs Rev. Alfred Lawless, Jr., New Orleans, 2 yrs Rev. T. E. Nugent, Kewanee 2 yrs Rev. Paul Leeds, Kinder, 4 yrs Rev. H. H. Pitman, Rollo, 4 yrs Mr. E. H. Scott, Chicago, 4 yrs M aine Rev. William H. Spence, Hinsdale, 4 yrs Rev. Carl Stackman, Ottawa, 4 yrs Mr. George B. Bates, Calais, 4 yrs Rev. H. A. Studebaker, Chicago, 2 yrs Rev. John M. Bieler, Machias. 2 yrs Dean E. J. Townsend, Urbana, 2 yrs Rev. Clayton, D. Boothby, Augusta, 4 yrs Rev. W. I. Bull Ashland, 4 yrs Indiana Rev. GeorgeK. Carter, New Gloucester, 4 yrs Rev/ E. M. Cousins, Brewer, 4 yrs Rev. Janies C. Fisher, Dunkirk, 4 yrs Rev. W. C. Curtis, Bethel, 2 yrs Mrs. George A. Southall, Marion 4 yrs Rev. C. N. Davie. No. Bridgton, 2 yrs Mr. Herbert L. Whitehead, Indianapolis, 4 yrs Mr. Horace C. Day, Auburn 2 yrs Mr. R. E. Willis, Angola, 2 yrs Rev. James C. Gregory, Presque Isle, 2 yrs Rev. Leavitt H. Hallock. Portland, 4 yrs Iowa Mrs. Leavitt H. Hallock, Portland, 4 yrs Rev. Charles Harbutt, Portland. 2 yrs Rev. M. A. Breed, Stuart, 2 yrs Rev. Angus M. McDonald, Bar Harbor, 2 yrs Rev. J. E. Brereton, Emmetsburg, 4 yrs Prof. Warren J. Moulton Bangor, 2 yrs Rev. J. P. Burling, Des Moines, 4 yrs Rev. Willard H. Palmer, Wilton, 4 yrs Rev. Isaac Cassel, Elkader 2 yrs Rev. C. F. Robinson, Waterville, 2 yrs Rev. Malcolm Dana, Ottumwa, 4 yrs Rev. Alexander Sloan, York Beach, 4 yrs Judge W. D. Evans Hampton. 4 yrs Rev. Henry W. Webb, Bucksport, 4 yrs Rev. W. M. Evans, Clear Lake, 4 yrs Rev. W. L. Ferris, Shenandoah, 2 yrs Massachusetts Rev. A. G. Graves. Muscatine, 2 yrs Rev. O. S. Grinnell, Ionia, 4 yrs Rev. Arthur W. Ackerman, Xatick, 4 yrs Rev. H. E. Harned, Cedar Rapids 4 yrs Mr. John Albree, Swampscott, 2 yrs Rev. V. B. Hill, Buffalo Center, 2 yrs Mr. J. J. Arakelyan, Dorchester, 2 yrs Rev. J. E. Holden, Newell, 4 yrs Mr. Henry H. Austin, Wellesley, 2 yrs Rev. P. A. Johnson, Grinnell, 4 yrs Rev.HenryLincolnBailey.Longmeadow, 2 yrs Dr. J. Edward -Kirbye, Des Moines, 2 yrs Rev. Frank H. Baker, Falmouth. 4 yrs Hon. Roger Leavitt, Cedar Falls. 4 yrs Rev. Richard H. Bennett, Beverly, 2 yrs Rev. B. F. Martin, Marshalltown, 4 yrs Rev. Vincent Ravi Booth, Cambridge, 2 yrs Rev. Arthur Metcalf. Webster City, 4 yrs Rev. Emery L. Bradford, Boxford, 4 yrs Rev. H. F. Milligan, Dubuque, 4 yrs Rev. Harry L. Brickett, Southbridge, 4 yrs Prof. Charles Noble, Grinnell, 2 yrs Rev. George H. Burrill, Easthampton, 4 yrs Rev. Naboth Osborne, Burlington, 2 yrs Rev. E. H. Byington, West Roxbury. 4 yrs Rev. H. E. Parr, Waterloo, 4 yrs Rev. Walter H. Commons, Whitinsville, 2 yrs Rev. W. G. Ramsey Eldora, 2 yrs Rev. William M. Crane, Richmond, 4 yrs Rev. A. R. Rice, Waverly 4 yrs Rev. Allen E. Cross. Milford, 2 yrs Rev. F. O. Spellman, Atlantic, 4 yrs Rev. W. W. Curtis, West Stockbridge, 2 yrs Rev. William J. Suckow. Manchester, 4 yrs Mr. U. Waldo Cutler Worcester, 4 yrs Rev. J. O. Thrush, Spencer, 2 yrs Mr. Edwin H. Dickinson, No. Amherst, 2 yrs Rev. C. E. Towser, Sioux City, 4 yrs Rev. M. Angelo Dougherty, Cambridge 4 yrs Rev. N. W. Wehrhan, Tabor, 2 yrs Rev. J. Stanley Durkee, Brockton, 2 yrs Mrs. Helen Whiting, Whiting, 2 yrs Rev. Henry M. Dyckman, Westfield, 2 yrs Mr. Williard B. Whiting, Whiting, 2 yrs Rev. Almon J. Dyer, Sharon, 4 yrs Rev. George Williams, Xewion, 4 yrs Rev. Frederick E. Emrich, Boston, 2 yrs Rev. Daniel Ev'ans, Cambridge. 2-yrs K an sas Rev. A. C. Ferrin, Lowell, 2 yrs Rev. Stanley R. Fisher, Fall River, 4 yrs Rev. Lewis Bookwalter, Kansas City, 2 yrs Rev. Isaac Fleming. Canton, 4 yrs Rev. Aaron Breck, Topeka. 4 yrs Mr. Frederick Fosdick, Fitchburg, 4 yrs Rev. William E. Brehm, Topeka, 2 yrs Rev. Burton S. Gilman, Gardner, 2 yi> Mr. J. D. Faxton, Lawrence, 4 yrs Mr. Charles A. Gleason, Springfield, 2 yrs Mr. A. D. Gray, Topeka, 2 yrs Rev. Reuben J. Goddard, Springfield, 4 yrs ev. Fred Gray, Topeka, 2 vr^ Rev. L. B. Goodrich. Taunton, 2 yrs Corporate Members of the Board 303

Rev. Robert M. Grey, Hopkinton, 4 yrs Mr. J. A. Sawyer, Owatonna, 4 yrs Rev. Henry O. Hannum, Holyoke, 4 yrs Rev. James Robert Smith, St. Paul, 2 yrs Rev. Albert S. Hawkes, Worcester, 2 yrs Mr. Arthur P. Stacy, Minneapolis,’ 2 yrs Mr. W. P- Hawley, Baldwinsville, 4 yrs Mr. A. Stone, Morris, 4 yrs Judge Charles L. Hibbard, Pittsfield, 2 yrs Rev. Charles N. Thorp, Duluth, 4 yrs Rev. Winfred S. Holland, Westboro, 4 yrs Rev. Charles S. Holton, Newburyport, 2 yrs Rev. George M. Howe, Groton, 4 yrs Mississippi Rev. J. L. Keedy, No. Andover, 4 yrs R e v . Wendell Prince Keeler.North’m pt’n, 2 yrs Pres. W. T. Holmes, Tougaloo, 2 yrs Mrs. Rufus P. Keith, Campello, 4 yrs Rev. J. C. Olden, Meridian, 4 yrs Mr. J. Stewart Kirkham, Springfield, 4 yrs Mr. Alfred H. Knight, Shrewsbury. 2 yrs Mr. Charles P. Marsnall, Plymouth, 2 yrs M issouri Mr. S. W. M cCaslin, Wellfleet, 2 yrs Rev. J. G. Nichols, South Hadley, 4 yrs Rev. A. H. Armstrong, St. Louis, 2 yrs Rev. Stephen A. Norton, Woburn, 4 yrs Hon.HenryM.Beardsley,Kansas City, 2 yrs Rev. Walter H. Nugent, Newburyport, 2 yrs Rev. James Hyslop, Lebanon, 4 yrs Rev'.John ¿.Paisley. Melrose Highlands 2 yrs Rev. J. P. O’Brien, Kansas City 2 yrs Mr. vV. C. Parker, New Bedford, 4 yrs Rev. Robert Porter, St. Joseph 4 yrs Mr. Joseph E. Peirson Pittsfield, 2 yrs Rev. F. G. Smith. Kansas City, 4 yrs Rev. A. P. Pratt. Greenfield, 4 yrs Rev. S. H. Woodrow St. Louis, 2 yrs Rev. Dwight M. Pratt, Housatonic, 4 yrs Rev. F. E. Ramsdell, New Bedford, 2 yrs M ontana Mr. John A. Snerman Worcester, 4 yrs Rev. H. F. Smith, West Medford, 4 yrs Rev. J. L. Cory, Hardin, 4 yrs Mr. A. C. Stoddard, No. Brookfield, 4 yrs Rev. Will Arthur Dietrick, Great Falls, 2 yrs Mr. Arthur C. Stone, Chelsea, 4 yrs Rev. George N. Edwards, Billings, 4 yrs Mr. Irwin W. Tapley, Haverhill, 2 yrs Rev. W. L. Meinzer, Glendive, 2 yrs Mr. Herbert B. Tucker, Mattapan, 4 yrs Rev. W. H. North, Billings, 4 yrs Mr. Thomas Weston, Jr., Boston 4 yrs I Rev. R. B. Walker, Sidney, 4 yrs Rev. A. H. Wheelock, Needham, 4 yrs Rev. Watson Woodruff, Lynn, 4 yrs Mr. Charles L. Zeigler, Roxbury 2 yrs | N ebraska M ichigan | Rev. Edwin Booth, Jr., Norfolk, 4 yrs j Mrs. Edwin Booth, Jr., Norfolk, 2 yrs Rev. N. S. Bradley Saginaw, 2 yrs ! Rev. M. A. Bullock, Lincoln, 4 yrs Mr. A. F. Bridge, Charlevoix, 2 yrs | Rev. W. H. Buss, Fremont, 4 yrs Mr. Fred M. Briggs, Grand Rapids, 2 yrs Rev. T. A. Dungan, Grand Island, 2 yrs Mr. Clarence J. Chandler, Detriot, 4 yrs Mrs. T. A. Dungan, Grand Island, 2 yrs Rev. Demas Cochlin, Traverse City, 4 yrs Rev. Moritz E. Eversz, Chicago, 4 yrs Rev. H. P. Collin, Coldwater, 2 yrs Miss Mary Hughes, Brunswick, 4 yrs Rev. A. C. Diefenbach, Benton Harbor, 2 yrs | Rev. G. A. Hulbert, Omaha 4 yrs Rev. C. B. Emerson, Detroit, 2 yrs ! Rev. H. Ellis Lininger, Verdon, 4 yrs Rev. Truman F. Galt, Portland, 2 yrs | Rev. George W. Mitchell, Franklin. 4 yrs Mr. W. R. Gilbert, Brimley, 4 yrs Rev. H. H. Price, Friend, 2 yrs Rev. Charles O. Grieshaber, Grand Rev. J. L. Read, Franklin, 4 yrs Rapids, 2 yrs Mr. R. S. Rising, Ainsworth, 4 yrs Rev. Archibald Hadden, Muskegon, 2 yrs i Rev. Walter C. Rundin, Mitchell, 4 yrs Rev. Carlos H. Hanks, Calumet, 4 yrs | Mr. Charles C. Smith, Exeter, 4 yrs Rev. Henry W. Hunt, Three Oaks, 2 yrs | Mr.JamesM.Teegarden.WeepingWater, 2 yrs Rev. Frank Jones, Gladstone, 4 yrs Rev. W. R. Kedzie, St. Johns, 4 yrs Rev. Samuel E. Kelley, Allegan. 4 yrs New Hampshire' Mr. William S. Kimball, Clinton, 2 yrs Rev. L. K. Long, Ovid, 2 yrs Rev. Edwin J. Aiken, Concord, 2 yrs Rev. Charles W. Merriam,Grand Rapids, 4 yrs Rev. Melvin J. Allen, Boscawen, 4 yrs Rev. Ralph W. Paul, Lansing, 4 yrs Rev. Charles F. Atkins, Orford, 4 yrs Rev. Wm, S. Steensma, St. Clair, 2 yrs I Rev. Archibald Black, Concord, 2 yrs t Mr. L. E. Clark, Wells River, 4 yrs : Rev. Samuel H. Dana, Exeter, 2 yrs M innesota | Rev. Charles S. Haynes, Reeds Ferry, 4 yrs ! Mr. W. C. Heath, Manchester, 4 yrs Mr. Charles R. Andrews, Ada, 2 yrs | Rev. Herbert A. Jump, Manchester, 2 yrs Mrs. Charles R. Andrews. Ada, 4 yrs ! Mr. Willis E. Lougee, Candia, 4 yrs Judge W. W. Bard well, Minneapolis, 4 yrs : Rev. Warren L. Noyes, Nashua 2 yrs Rev. John J. Bayne, Marshall, 4 yrs ! Rev. Oscar Peterson, Claremont, 2 yrs Rev. W. W. Dale, M cIntosh, 2 yrs | Rev. George H. Reed, Concord, 2 yrs Rev. Theophilus S. Devitt, Winona, 4 yrs I Rev. John L. Shively, Laconia, 4 yrs Mr. W. J. Dyer, St. Paul. 2 yrs Mr.HerbertE.Weatherbee.WestRindge, 4 yrs Mr. A. W. Fagerstrom , Worthington, 2 yrs Rev. Sumner G. Wood, Winchester, 2 yrs Rev. William E. Griffith, W aseca, 4 yrs Rev. F. G. Woodworth, Somersworth, 4 yrs Rev. Squire Heath, Benson, 2 yrs Rev. E.L. Heermance,International Falls. 2 yrs Rev. Everett Lesher, Minneapolis 4 yrs New Jersey Mr. William W. M cM illan, Duluth, 4 yrs Rev. George P. Merrill, Minneapolis. 4 yrs Mr. George P. Eastman, Orange, 2 yrs Rev. A. J. Moncal, Holdingford, 4 yrs Rev. H. L. Everett, Jersey City, 2 yrs Rev. John P. Miller, W ayzata, 2 yrs Mr. Arthur J. Lockwood, Glen Ridge, 4 yrs Mr. James A. Norris, Sauk Center, 2 yrs : Dr. John M. Whiton, Plainfield 4 yrs 3° 4 Corporate Members of the Board

New M exico Mr. Horatio Ford, Cleveland, 4 yr< Rev. Roscoe Graham, West Akron, 4 yi^ Rev. Josiah H. Heald, Albuquerque, Hon. W. S. Harris, Geneva, 4 yr^ Rev. E. S. Jenkins Martin’s Ferry, 2 yrs New Y ork Rev. Orville L. Kiplinger, Mansfield, 4 vr* Rev. Ray J. McColl, Ashtabula, 4 i-, .. Rev. Charles J. Allen, Brooklyn, 2 y rs Mr. M. W. Mills, Cleveland. 4 Mr. George W. Bailey Brooklyn, 2 yrs Rev. Robert Paton, Chardon, 2 yrs Rev. J. Webster Bailey, Lockport, 4 v rs Rev. H. H. Russell, Westerville, 4 vrs Mr. H. M. Beecher Binghamton, 2 v rs Judge E. W. Stuart, Akron, 4 yr; Rev. George A. Brock, Lockport, 2 y rs Rev. Isaac J. Swanson Ravenna, 2 yrs Rev. Henry M. Brown, New York, 2 y rs Rev. Seeley K. Tompkins, Cincinnati. 4 Rev. John B. Davies, Brier Hill, 4 y rs Mr. Evan Walters, Columbus, 4 yIV Rev. William C. Davies, Walton 2 yrs Rev. Thomas H. Warner, Barberton, 2 t- Rev. Prescott D. Dodge, Syracuse 4 yrs Rev. George R. Foster, Greene, 2 v rs O klahom a Rev. Nathan E. Fuller, Syracuse, 2 y rs Rev. Charles W. Grupe Willsboro, 2 yrs Rev. B. M. Brooke, Perkins, 2 yrs Rev. Charles S. Hager, Albany, 2 yrs Rev. C. H. Dains Enid, 4 jTf Prof. E. Snell Hall. Jamestown, 2 yrs Rev. James A. McKeeman, Medford, 4 yrs Mr. Warren James, Brooklyn, 2 yrs Rev. J. E. Pershing, Oklahoma City, 2 yrs Mr. Frederic W. Jenkins, Binghamton, 2 y rs Rev. Louis Harold Johnston, Patchogue, 2 yrs Oregon Rev. Thomas J. Jones, Granville, 4 yrs Mr. John Olmstead, Walton, 2 yrs Mr. Charles J. Bushnell, Forest Grove, 2 yrs Capt. Edward W. Peet, New York, 4 yrs Rev. James Elvin, Salem, 2 yrs Rev. C. R. Raymond Brooklyn, 4 yrs Rev. John Lewis Jones, lone, 4 yrs Rev. Lewis T. Reed, Brooklyn, 4 yrs Mr. Albert C. Moses, Portland, 4 vrs Rev. Charles A. Riley, Brier Hill, 4 yrs Rev. J. J. Staub. Portland, 4 yrs Prof. William. W. Rockwell, New York, 2 y rs Mr. A. E. Wheeler, Eugene, 2 yrs Hon. Giles H. Stillwell, Syracuse, 4 yrs Hon. H. M. Tallet, De Ruyter, 2 y rs Pennsylvania Rev. B. Frank Tobey, Ithaca, 4 yrs Rev. Raymond B. Tolbert, Niagara Falls, 2 y rs Mr. Thomas Addenbrook, Pittsburg, 2 yr.- Rev. D. J. Torrens, East Bloomfield, 4 yrs Rev. William V. Berg, Philadelphia, 2 yrs Rev. Mailler O. Van Kjeuren Schenectady, 4 yrs Rev. David Jones, Scranton, 2 yrs Rev. Andrew M. Wight, Ogdenshtirg. 2 yrs Rev. J. Myrrdon Jones, Mahoney City, 2 yrs Rev. Harry W. Myers Jr., Philadelphia, 4 yrs North Carolina Rev. John T. Nichols, Meadville, 2 yrs Rev. W. R. Pierce, Plymouth, 2 vrs Rev. P. R. De Berry, Raleigh, 2 yrs Mr. John R. Thomas, Scranton, 4 yrs Rev. \Y. B. Duttera, Salisbury. 4 yrs Rev. D. J. Flynn, Charlotte. 4 yrs Porto Rico Rev. E. F. Green, Star, 2 vrs Rev. Archie G. Axtell, Fajardo, 4 yrs North Dakota Mrs. Archie G. Axtell, Fajardo, 4 yrs Rhode Island Rev. A. M. Asadoorian, Glen Ullen, 2 yrs Rev. J. H. Batten, Williston. 2 yrs Rev. Gideon A. Burgess, Providence, 4 yrs Rev. R. A. Beard, Fargo, 2 yrs Prof. Theodore F. Collier, Providence, 2 yrs Rev. W. Knighton Bloom, Minot, 2 yrs Rev. Edward R. Evans, Pawtucket, 4 yr? 'Hon. James A. Buchanan, Buchanan, 2 yrs Rev. Howard S. Fox, Providence, 2 yrs Hon. Lewis F. Crawford, Sentinal Butte,2 yrs Mr. George A. Jepherson, Providence, 4 yrs Rev. J. G. Dickey, Dickinson, 2 yrs Rev. W. H. Elfring, Grand Forks. 2 yrs Rev. Samuel Hitchcock, New Rockford, 4 yrs South Carolina Mr. E. H. Kenady, Drake, 4 yrs Rev. G. N. Keniston Bismarck, 2 yrs Rev. Abraham L. De Mond, Charleston, 4 yrs Rev. George H. Lewis, Havana, 4 yrs Mrs. Raymond Beaty, Anderson, 4 yrs Rev. Le Roy A. Lippett, Mayville, 2 yrs Rev. C. H. Phillips, Jamestown, 4 yrs South Dakota Rev. E. S. Shaw. Minot, 4 yrs Rev. E. H. Stickney, Fargo, 2 yrs Rev. J. H. Andress, Pierre, 2 yrs Rev. L. E. Camfield, Academy, 4 yrs Ohio Rev. N. F. Cole, De Smet, ' 4 yrs Prof. G. H. Durand, Yankton, 4 yrs Rev. Ernest Bourner Allen, Toledo, 2 yrs Rev. Harry Evans, Canova, 2 yrs Rev. W. H. Barker, Andover, 4 yrs Rev. E. A. Fath, Redfield. 4 vrs Dr. Ralph R. Barrett, Mansfield. 4 yrs Rev. T. E. Hall. Webster, 4 yr- Rev. Newton W. Bates, Fairport Harbor. 4 yrs Rev. Theodore Jorgensen, Strool, 4 vrs Mr. Theodore, M. Bates, Cleveland, 2 yrs Rev. E.W. Lanham. Wessington Springs, 4 > rs Mr. R. G. Bayhan, Cleveland. 2 yrs Mr. A. Loomis. Redfield, 4 yrs Rev. W.F. Bohn, Oberlin, 2 yrs Rev. Godfrey Matthews, Ipswich, 4 yrs Rev. Dan F. Bradley, Cleveland 2 yrs Rev. David J. Perrin, Rapid City. I yr.~ Rev. Egbert L. Briggs. Toledo, 2 yrs Rev. Lauriston Reynolds, Belle Fourche 4 yrs Rev. Harvey C. Colburn, Bellevue, 2 yrs Rev. Fred Smith. Newell, 2 yrs Rev. H. N. Dascomb, Cleveland, 2 yrs Rev. L. W. Sprague. Rapid City. 2 yrs Rev. Albert B. Eby, Wauseon. 4 yrs Rev. W. H. Thrall, Huron, 2 yrs Rev. Vernon Emery. Wellington. 2 yrs Rev. J. C. Treat, Hudson, •* >r;- Rev. Morris O. Evans, Cincinnati. 4 yrs Mr. P. T. Wick, Canova. 2 v,~ Corporate Members of the Board 3°5

T en n essee Mr. Claude M. Eckhardt, Seattle. 2 yrs Rev. E. E. Flint, Everett, 4 yrs Rev. W. O. Berckman, W illiamsburg, 4 yrs Rev. W. C. Gillmore, Dayton, 2 yrs Rev! Charles Haven M yers,Chattanooga, 4 yrs Mr. F. W. Isham, Spokane, 2 yrs Rev. H. P. James, No. Yakima, 4 yrs Pres. G. W. Nash, Bellingham, 4 yrs T exas Rev. Hugh G. Ross, Seattle, 4 yrs Rev. J. W. Skerry, Tonask^r, 4 yrs Rev. E. W. Benjamin, Paris, 2 yrs Mr. Gomer Thomas, Bellingham, 2 yrs Rev. Tohn B. Gonzales, D allas, 4 yrs Hon. P. M. Troy, Olympia, 2 yrs Rev. W. H. Hurlbut, Amerillo, 2 yrs Rev. John R. Scotford, Dallas, 2 yrs Rev. B. F. White, Corpus Christi, 4 yrs West Virginia U tah Rev. John Lewis Hoyt, Huntington, 4 yrs

Re\. Peter A. Simpkin, Salt Lake C'tv, 4 yrs W iscon sin Mrs. Lottie J. Thomsen, Provo, 2 yrs Rev. Marvin R. Brandt, Edgerton, 2 yrs V erm ont Mr. G. E. Buchanan, Appleton, 2 yrs Rev. Homer, W. Carter, Madison 2 yrs Rev. Chauncey C. Adams, Burlington, 2 yrs Rev. Oscar F. Davis, New Richmond, 2 yrs Rev. Henry L. Ballou, Chester, 2 yrs Rev. F. N. Dexter, Ashland, 4 yrs Rev. Satnuel H. Barnum. Jericho Center. 4 yrs R. W. R. Dixon, Antigo, 2 yrs Rev. Stanley F. Bloomfield, Montpelier, 2 yrs i Mr. Glenville A. Dowd, Beloit, 2 yrs Rev. A. H. Bradford, Rutland, 4 yrs Rev. C. E. Ewing, Janesville, 4 yrs Rev. R. H. Clapp, »Brattleboro, 4 yrs ; Rev. Theo. R. Faville, Oshkosh, 4 yrs Rev. W. C. Clark, Barnet, 4 yrs | Mr. E. W. Frost, Milwaukee, 2 yrs Rev. F. Wilson Day, Swanton, 2 yrs ; Rev. Harding R. Hogan, Sparta 2 yrs Rev. L. A. Edwards, Newport, 2 yrs Rev. L. H. Keller, Madison, 2 yrs Rev. Charles E. Hayward, Winooske, 2 yrs Rev. A. T. Lacey, Endeavor, 2 yrs Rev. Frank W. Hazen, Johnson, 2 yrs Rev. R. J. Locke, Grand Rapids’ 4 yrs Rev. Lot M. Isaacs, Orwell, 4 yrs Rev. A. Lincoln McClelland, Rosendale, 4 yrs Rev. George E. Ladd, West Woodstock, 2 yrs Rev. H. A. Miner, Madison, 4 yrs Rev. Burton A. Lucas, Windsor, 4 yrs Rev. L. C. Partch, Columbus, 4 yrs Rev. Charles C. Merrill, Burlington. 2 yrs Rev. H. E. Peabody, Appleton, 4 yrs Rev. Frazer Metzger, Randolph. 4 yrs Rev. S. G. Ruegg, Menasha, 4 yrs Rev. George S. Mills, Bennington, 4 yrs Rev. O. L. Robinson, Madison. 4 yrs Rev. John C. Prince, Bellows Falls, 2 yrs Rev. F. T. Rouse, Madison, 4 yrs Rev. James B. Sargent, Northfield, 4 yrs ; Rev. Wilfred A. Rowell, Beloit, 2 yrs Mr. J. E. Tinker, Danville, 4 yrs Rev. Carlos C. Rowlinson, La Crosse, 2 yrs Rev. E. P. Treat, Pittsford, 2 yrs Rev. Theodore M. Shipherd, Milwaukee,4 yrs Rev. Jonathan G. Smith, Tomah, 4 yrs W ash in gton Rev. A. O. Stevens, Beloit, 4 yrs Mr. E. N. Warner, Madison, 4 yrs Rev. J. H. Bainton, Colfax, 2 yrs Rev. Hugh Elmer Brown, Seattle, 2 yrs W yom ing Rev. Richard Bushell, Seattle, 4 yrs Rev. Jam es H. Calvert, Seattle. 4 yrs Rev. Annette B. Bray, Cheyenne, 4 yrs Rev. Frank Dyer, Tacom a, 2 yrs Rev. W. B. D. Gray, Cheyenne, 2 yrs

X. B. (Under the former plan a certain number of Corporate Members were elected upon nomination of local associations and state conferences for a term of five years.) Mi. Morton Blair Cassell of Hope, N. D., is a member of the Board under this arrange­ ment. His term expires at the Annual Meeting, 1918. 3°ó Officers of the Board

OFFICERS OF THE BOARD Elected Service ended Elected Service ended

P re sid e n ts 1870. Joseph S. Ropes, lft'i-t 1875. Rev. Egbert C. Smyth 1810. JohnTreadwell, 1810 1876. Rev. Edwin B. Webb, Hjiiu 1823. Rev. Joseph Lym an, 1826 1876. Charles C. Burr, Umo 1826. John Cotton Smith 1841 1876. Elbridge Torrey IK11.? 1841. Theo. Frelinghuysen, 1857 1878. Rev. Isaac R. Worcester, 1882 1857. Rev. Mark Hopkins, 1887 1882. Rev. Albert H. Plumb, 1903 1887. Rev. Richard S. Storrs, 1897 1883. William P. Ellison, 1903 1897. Rev. Charles M. Lamson, 1899 1884. Rev. Charles F. Thwing, 18x6 1899. Samuel B. Capen, 1914 1886. Rev. Edward S. Atwood, 1888 1914. Rev. Edward C. Moore. * 1886. Rev. Charles A. Dickinson, 1892 1888. Rev. Francis E. Clark, 1892 1889. G. Henry Whitcomb, 1905 Vice-Presidents 1893. A. Lym an Williston, 1894 1893. Rev. James G. Vose, 1899 1810. Rev. Samuel Spring, 1819 1893. Henry D. Hyde, 1897 1819. Rev. Joseph Lym an, 1823 1893. James M. W. Hall, 1905 1823. John Cotton Smith, 1826 1893. Rev. John E. Tuttle, 1894 1826. Stephen Van Rensselaer, 1939 1893. Rev. William W. Jordan, 1904 1839. Theo. Frelinghuysen, 1841 1893. Rev. Elijah Horr, 1904 1841. Thomas S. Williams, 1857 1894. Charles A. Hopkins, 1904 1857. William Jessup, 1864 1894. Rev. Nehemiah Boynton, 1899 1864. William E. Dodge, 1883 1896. Rev. William H. Davis, 1905 1883. Eliphalet W. Blatchford, 1897 1897. Samuel C. Darling, 1906 1897. D . Willis Jam es, 1900 1899. Rev. Edward C. Moore, 1908 1900. Rev. Henry Hopkins, 1906 1900. Rev. Francis E. Clark, 1906 1906. Rev. Albert J. Lyman, 1907 1900. Edward Whitin, 1907 1907. Rev. Henry C. King, 1910 1903. Rev. Arthur L. Gillett, 1912 1910. Rev. Edward D. Eaton. 1917 1903. Francis O. Winslow, 1912 1917. David Percy Jones.* 1904. Herbert A. Wilder, 1913 1904. Rev. Edward M. Noyes, 1913 Prudential Committee 1904. Rev. John Hopkins Denison, 1910 1905. Rev. Frederick Fosdick, 1906 1810. William Bartlett, 1814 1905. Arthur H. Wellman, 1914 1810. Rev. Samuel Spring, 1819 1905. Rev. Francis J. Van Horn. 190o 1810. Rev. Samuel Worcester, 1821 1906. Charles A. Hopkins, 1912 1812. Jeremiah Evarts, 1830 1906. Rev. Albert P. Fitch, 1912 1815. Rev. Jedediah Morse, 1821 1906. Henry H. Proctor, 1914 1818. William Reed, 1834 1906. Rev. Edwin H. Byington, 1906 1819. Rev. Leonard Woods, 1844 1907. Rev. George A. Hall, 1915 1821. Samuel Hubbard, 1843 1908. Arthur Perry, 1821. Rev. Warren Fay, 1839 1908. Rev. Lucius H. Thayer, 1917 1828. Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner, 1835 1910. Rev. Edward C. Moore, 1914 1831. Rev. Elias Cornelius, 1832 1912. Rev. Willard L. Sperry, 1832. Samuel T. Armstrong, 1850 1912. John C. Berry, 1832. Charles Stoddard, 1873 1912. Rev. Raymond Calkins, 1915 1834. John Tappan, 1864 1912. James Logan, 1912 1835. Daniel Noyes 1846 1913. Walter K. Bigelow, 1915 1837. Rev. Nehemiah Adams, 1869 1913. Rev. Shepherd Knapp, 1839. Rev. Silas Aiken, 1849 1913. Francis O. Winslow, 1917 1843. William W. Stone, 1850 1914. Herbert A. Wilder, 1845. William J. Hubbard, 1859 1914. Rev. Edward M. Noyes, 1849. Rev. Augustus C. Thompson, 1893 1914. Henry P. Kendall, 1917 1850. William T. Eustis, 1868 1915. Rev. Arthur L. Gillett, 1850. John Aiken, 1865 1915. Arthur H. Wellman, 1851. Daniel Safford, 1856 1915. Henry H. Proctor, 1854. Henry Hill, 1865 1917. Rev. Edward D. Eaton, 1856. Rev. Isaac Ferris, 1857 1917. Charles S. Bates, 1856. Walter S. Griffith, 1870 1917. Charles A. Bliss, 1856. Rev. Asa D. Smith, 1863 1857. Alpheus Hardy, 1886 Corresponding Secretaries 1859. Linus Child, 1870 1860. William S. Southworth 1865 1810. Rev. Samuel Worcester, lX-M 1863. Rev. Albert Barnes, 1870 1821. Jerem iah E varts, 18'I 1863. Rev. Robert R. Booth, 1870 1831. Rev. Elias Cornelius, l* '-; 1865. Abner Kingman, 1877 1832. Rev. Benjamin B. Wisner, I«-'-' 1865. Rev. Andrew L. Stone, 1866 1832. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 1865. James M. Gordon, 1876 1832. Rev. David Greene, 1X48 1866. Rev. Rufus Anderson, 1875 1835. Rev. William J. Armstrong, 1*47 1868. Ezra Farnsworth, 1889 1847. Rev. Selah B. Treat, I*;/ 1869. Rev. Edmund K. Alden. 1876 1848. Rev. Swan L. Pomroy, 1 1870. J. Russell Bradford, 1883 1852. Rev. George W. Wood, 1

Elected Service ended Elected Service ended 1865. Rev. Nathaniel G. Clark, 1894 T re asu re rs 1876. Rev. Edmund K. Alden, 1893 1880. Rev. John O. Means, 1883 1810. Samuel H. Walley, 1811 1884. Rev. Judson Smith, 1906 1811. Jerem iah Evarts, 1822 1893- Rev. Charles H. Daniels, 1903 1822. Henry Hill, 1854 1894. Rev. Jam es L. Barton, 1854. Jam es M. Gordon, 1865 1904. Rev. Cornelius H. Patton, 1865. Langdon S. Ward, 1895 1912. Rev. Edward Lincoln Smith, 1896. Frank H. Wiggin.

Assistant Corresponding Secretaries Assistant Treasurer 1824. Rev. R ufus Anderson, 1832 1895. Frank H. Wiggin, 1896 1828. Rev. David Greene, 1832 A u dito rs Editorial Secretaries 1810. Joshua Goodale, 1812 1894. Rev. Elnathan E. Strong, (Emerit us 1812. Samuel H. Walley, 1813 1907), 1914 1813. Charles Walley, 1814 1907. Rev. William E. Strong. 1814. Chester Adams, 1817 1817. Ashur Adam s, 1822 1822. Chester Adams, 1827 Associate Secretaries 1827. William Ropes, 1829 1829. John Tappan, 1834 1906. Harry Wade Hicks, 1908 1906. Rev. William E. Strong, 1907 1829. Charles Stoddard, 1832 1910. Rev. Enoch F. Bell, 1832. William J. Hubbard, 1842 Rev. D. Brewer Eddy. 1834. Daniel Noyes, 1835 1910. 1835. Charles Scudder, 1847 1842. Moses L. Hale, 1868 Recording Secretaries 1847. Samuel H. Walley, 1876 1867. Joseph S. Ropes, 1870 1810. Rev. Calvin Chapin, 1843 1868. Thomas H. Russell, 1876 1843. Rev. Selah B. Treat, 1847 1870. Avery Plumer, 1887 1847. Rev. Samuel M. Worcester, 1866 1874. Richard H. Stearns, 1875 1866. Rev. John O. Means, 1881 1875. Elbridge Torrev, 1876 1881. Rev. Henry A. Stimson, 1915 1876. Jam es M. Gordon, 1892 1915. Rev. Oscar E. Maurer. 1876. Arthur W. Tufts, 1892 1887. Joseph C. Tyler, 1889 Assistant Recording Secretaries 1889. Sam uel Johnson, 1897 1892. Richard H. Stearns, 1896 1836. Charles Stoddard, 1839 1892. Edwin H. Baker, 1839. Rev. Bela B. Edwards, 1842 1896. Elisha R. Brown, 1901 1842. Rev. Daniel Crosby, 1843 1897. Henry E. Cobb, 1908 1888. Rev. Edward N. Packard, 1915 1901. William B. Plunkett, 1917 1915. Rev. Edward W. Capen, 1908. Herbert J. Wells.