pzc

No.5 p 29-31

stretches to Belgrade and includes the Plans For Development of entire Srem and the east part of Sla- vonija. This area has a certain demand for hydrographic objects, sailing and Tourism In the Area of Danube water recreation. This zone is directly attached to the fourth zone, whose bor- Basin In Vojvodina And the ders are not strictly defined. It includes other areas of Yugoslavia, as well as parts of some neighboring countries. Djerdap Gorge In Serbia The authors point out possible develop- ment of transit tourism on navigable riv- ers and canals of the Danube-Tisza-Dan- Stanković, S* ube hydrosystem, but they do not give precise data and documentation. The study “Basis of Spatial Organi- Abstract For a long time, the rivers in Ser- he Danube-Tisza-Danube hydrosys- zation Around the Danube-Tisza-Dan- bia have not been the object of scientific tem was the object of research and ube Hydrosystem” points to the natu- research for the needs of tourism, protec- T planning from the aspect of tourist ral and anthropogenic tourist values of tion and valorization of tourist values in potential. A study under the title “Basis the rivers, canals and their surrounding. the coastal area and recreational needs of Spatial Organization Around the Dan- It also analyzes problems connected to of the population from the near-by city ube-Tisza-Danube Hydrosystem” was preservation of water, as the basis for centers. However, there were studies and made (Group of authors, 1966). The development of sailing tourism, water plans in this area, in which experts wrote main starting point of this research sports, especially fishing, and other about the problems of tourism as well. is the great length of the system and sorts of tourist manifestations. In ad- Those studies were published in a small its significant water resource. Consider- dition, the paper discusses character- number of copies, since they were made ing the fact that Vojvodina is a conti- istics of flora and fauna in the area, on order, and thus remained unknown to nental plane, this hydrosystem is an el- which is of great importance for devel- public. Since most of the plans have not ement which has many functions. For opment of hunting tourism and sport been carried out, there is a general im- the needs of tourism, the authors have fishing. Some anthropogenic tourist val- pression that today they are useless and concentrated on the zones of gravitation ues which can be included in tourist forgotten. There are a number of written and, thus, defined the tourist values of offer of the area are presented. The au- papers on the Vojvodina’s part of Danube the area. thors point out to possible forms of tour- Basin, the Djerdap gorge, as well as on The first tourist gravitation zone of ism in the area. The Danube-Tisza-Dan- some smaller rivers and canals in Vojvo- the Danube-Tisza-Danube hydrosystem ube hydrosystem is ideal for recreation- dina. The river Danube, as the biggest is made of the area with several Vojvodi- al and sailing tourism. Anthropogenic river in Serbia, together with its basin in na’s towns which, due to their location, values in the surrounding offer numer- Vojvodina and the Djerdap gorge, has got do not have any better, bigger and, from ous possibilities to complement the pres- many elements which qualify it not only the tourist point of view, more signifi- ent tourist offer with elements of cultur- as a national and European, but as one cant hydrographic objects than the riv- al haritage. of the world’s tourist value. Therefore, we ers of Danube and Tisza and the canal Geographic position of the area in are not satisfied with the present state system connecting those two. The au- question, natural and anthropogenic at- of tourism in these areas, and we believe thors have put the accent on the recre- tractions, present localities and the fu- that the Danube tourist zone stretches ational importance of the first gravita- ture plans for tourist exploitation of the far towards Europe. The zone has obvi- tion zone. It is pointed out that it is riverbanks have caused a logical and ously expanded when the canal system the people from the near-by towns who justified division of the area into poten- Danube-Rhein-Main had been made. On make the space around rivers and ca- tial tourist zones. They are the follow- the other hand, it has also shrinked nals attractive for tourists and inhabit- ing zones: Danube Basin, Middle Backa, after the bridges in Novi Sad had been ants of other towns, therefore, expand- Middle Banat and Southeast Banat. The destroyed in bombing, an event which ing the gravitation zone. combination of present tourist values in stopped the river traffic in this area for The second tourist gravitation zone those zones can lead to the increase of many a year. is made of those rural, mixed and urban general tourist offer in Vojvodina. The settlements which, apart from the Dan- combinations of complementary tourist ube, the Tisza and the canals, have other values are numerous. This fact has a Key words plans, tourism, Vojvodina, hydrographic objects in their neighbor- positive effect on the variety of tourist Djerdap gorge, Danube, valorization, hood. The second gravitational zone co- offer. As a result, there have been plans Serbia, scientific research, applicative ac- incides with Banat and Backa, i.e. the to build a number of different tourist ob- tion east and northwest parts of Vojvodina. jects in the preserved ambiental locali- The settlements located on the banks ties. of the rivers and canals would be able There were plans for capacity expand- to satisfy recreational needs of their ing of 1980 beds in the hotels near the population, if the appropriate sport ob- rivers Danube and Tisza and the canal jects are built. Providing accommoda- system, and 6318 beds in the weekend tion and food for tourists could further zones. In tourist camps, there is space develop tourism and economy of the for 1810 tents. This material basis is com- * Stanković, Stevan M., Faculty of Geogra- area. plemented by other objects, mostly con- phy, University of Belgrade, Yugoslavia, The third tourist gravitation zone of centrated around Bezdan (auto-camp, Belgrade, Studentski trg 3/III the Danube-Tisza-Danube hydrosystem weekend zone, hunters’ club, tourist 29 pzc

camp, restaurant). It was planed to build Sectors from Belgrade to Pozarevac be hired. tourist centers near Srbobran, Bac, Becej, and from Kovin to mouth of the river Spatial plan, which, we are present- Novi Becej, Baltas and Janosik. In the Nera were set aside for development of ing, is the first of its kind that was made tourist zone Vlajkovac - Vrsac - Banats- outing and weekend tourism in private in Serbia. It offered a number of useful ka Palanka, the plan is to build a num- rest houses. The adjacent towns would ideas and solutions. It marked out the ber of restaurants, hotels, camps, rest provide tourist demand. Recreation and way for global tourist organization of homes and two tourist camps and week- water sports are seen as the basis for the space it refers to. Since the lakes end zones. The purpose of all these ob- tourist offer. Development of hunting Djerdap, Djerdap II and Srebrno Jezero jects would be to satisfy needs of both tourism in this area is also possible. For near Veliko Gradiste did not exist at local population and tourists. that purpose appropriate objects would the time, the plan could not have fore- A closer insight into the study “Basis be build and hunting ground would be seen all the changes. Still, the general of Spatial Organization Around the organized. impression is that tourist facilities and Danube-Tisza-Danube Hydrosystem” re- Sector from the mouth of the river the expected tourist visit were exagger- veals that the research was superficial Mlava to Golubac is seen as suitable for ated, which is a result of lack of tourist and the plans for building tourist ob- development of outing tourism. Main market investigation. jects were blown up to unrealistic pro- attractions are two fortresses, Ram and portions. It turns out that they are not Golubac, and the valley of the Pek River. Tourist Area of the in accordance with tourist demand and The conditions are also favorable for de- that tourist market has not been ade- velopment of children and youth tour- Danube River quately investigated (Stankovic, M. S., ism: good climate, water, vegetation, The Institute for Tourism Research in

Vojvodina And the Djerdap Gorge In Serbia In Gorge And Djerdap the Vojvodina 1989). It is certain that local population easy access to the locality, rich cultural Belgrade made a study called “Region- would mainly use some of the objects heritage and agriculture. al Spatial Plan – Tourist Area of the and, thus, the tourist offer should be The most valuable tourist site is the Danube River” (Group of authors, 1968). formed in accordance with the needs Djerdap gorge, 100 km long. It is known Starting from the need to preserve the of this group. The towns included into as a unique ambiental locality, made of main features of the area, especially wider gravitation zone of the Danube- exceptional natural and anthropogenic those parts that were to be flooded Tisza-Danube hydrosystem are: Sombor, tourist attractions. It is expected that by the Djerdap Lake, the authors con- Bac, Novi Sad, Zrenjanin and Vrsac. The tourists in transit would make breaks sider the banks of the lake as a ground towns of inter-municipal importance here and spend some time at attractive for tourist development. In that sense, are: Apatin, Backa Palanka, Becej, Kikin- viewpoints or other interesting locali- the tourist facilities must be grouped da and Bela Crkva. Towns whose tourist ties which would have to be organized around best locations, like Donji Mila- Plans For Development of Tourism In the Area of Danube Basin In Danube Area the In of Tourism of For Development Plans contraction zone stays within the limits in accordance with tourists’ needs. Road novac. of municipality are: Odzaci, Kula, Vrbas, and water traffic can both be used in In the tourist area around the Dan- Srbobran, Temerin, Novi Becej, Alibu- sightseeing the Djerdap gorge. The na- ube, we can talk about immediate zone, nar and Plandiste. ture is beautiful in all seasons, especial- attached zone, wider zone and interna- ly in summer, when the conditions for tional zone. However, from the point The Danube River – the sailing tourism are the best. of view of geography and tourism, the Tourist value of the Djerdap Lake zones are not clearly defined. Immedi- from Belgrade to has also been examined. It provides ate zone includes the river Danube with conditions for swimming, water sports, its banks; they have the biggest tourist Bulgarian Border fishing and sailing. Mountainous ter- value. There should be a concentration Bureau for Improvement of Communal rain around the lake gives the opportu- of tourist and catering facilities and ap- Activities in Belgrade has made “Spatial nity for development of hunting tour- propriate infrastructure. Attached zone, Plan of Danube Coastal Area From Bel- ism. The cultural heritage increases the that stretches form the banks, includes grade To Bulgarian Border” (Group of value of this tourist area. The impres- main roads, forests, hunting grounds authors, 1967). One part of the plan re- sive cement dam and the “Djerdap” hy- and settlements of interest for tourists. fers to tourism, but it contains only gen- droelectric power station are interesting Wider zone includes several tourist eral statements and idealistically inter- for school excursions and can provide values which are complementary to preted phenomena and processes. This transit of passengers from Yugoslavia those in immediate and attached zones approach is a result of the fact that many to Romania and vice versa. around the Danube. Those values are important details could not be closely The last sector, running from the mainly forests, hunting grounds, for- investigated due to the great size of in- Djerdap gorge to the Bulgarian border, tresses, monasteries and caves. Interna- vestigated area. In any case, the aim of was given lost of attention in the study. tional zone is defined in the similar this study was not related to tourism The area has favorable conditions for way. and none of the scientists in the team fishing on the Danube and hunting Regional spatial plan includes data was a tourist geographer. on the near-by planes. The mountain about climate, hydrography and hydro- The coastal area of the Danube River slopes of Miroc, Veliki Greben and Deli technical elements; it points out to for- was divided into logical sectors. The au- Jovan are considered to be important est complexes, tourist values and tour- thors established a dominant form of for advancing the tourism in Kladovo ist activities. It also includes the infor- tourism, appropriate contents and ob- and Negotin. mation on traffic and other material con- jects for every sector. However, in sev- The authors predicted that, in 1975, ditions for development of tourism. The eral cases, they also include tourist val- there would be 2280 more beds in hotels, measures of environmental protection ues on a considerable distance from the motels and tourist camps in the Danube are planed in details. Some space is de- river, which creates the impression that Basin area stretching from Belgrade to voted to cultural and historical monu- the research is unrealistic and that it the Timok river mouth. All these facili- ments, their protection, restoration and would be impossible to connect all the ties together would be able to receive tourist presentation. There is an analy- localities into one unique territory. A 390 000 guests per year. The number sis of tourist demand up to 1990. The good example for this would be the case of permanent staff working in tourism authors have, justifiably, expected faster of connecting the river Danube with would be around 250, and in the high increase of local tourist turnover than Deliblato sand zone. season, additional 500 workers would international one. Locations suitable for 30 pzc Stanković, S. tourist facilities are not specified in de- cilities with 2000 beds. The investment fortress “Golubacki grad”, as well as tails. They can be defined as coastal, money was not available and, therefore, the Cezava locality with a harbor and a special and panoramic and, according only a small part of the original plan camp. The town of Donji Milanovac and to this division, they can be appropri- was carried out. The plan remains as a the archeological locality Lepenski Vir ately organized (Stankovic, M. S, 1994). witness of high ambitions, which lacked are very attractive for tourists. The plan Going too far from the river is not al- the necessary social and material pre- included building several tourist facili- ways justified for it leads to improvisa- requisites for realization. State is not jus- ties in Kladovo and some private week- tion, especially because the traffic infra- tified because the Danube in Yugosla- end houses in the bay of the Porec River. structure is not satisfactory. via, especially the sector with Djerdap, The plan was not carried out and, even- is represented by lakes, gorges, valleys, tually, it became just a theoretical postu- Coastal Area of the one national park, nature reserves, ar- late. cheological sites and medieval monu- Djerdap Lake ments. In addition, the conditions for Conclusion In 1979, a group of experts from “Energo- river traffic were considerably improved project” in Belgrade made a plan called after the dam had been built (Stankovic, All the above projects, plans and stud- “Spatial Plan of the Area With Special M. S, 2000). ies on the Danube sectors in Vojvodina Purpose On the Banks of the Djerdap and the Djerdap area, as well as some II Lake” (Group of authors, 1979). The The Program of other attempts to activate tourism in study emphasizes the need to preserve this part of Serbia, remained without the original features of nature and am- Economic Bureau results. Whenever it came to switching bient, as well as the way of life of local The institute for Marketing and Eco- from theory to practice, the lack of in- population. Particular localities are cho- nomic Research, Economic Bureau in vestment money was always a problem. sen for the main tourist activities. The Belgrade has made a study called “Pro- The situation grew worse from year to most attractive ones are, of course, those gram For Development of Tourism In year, especially after 1990, when the around the water. The plan includes the Danube Area From Belgrade To the number of tourists in the Danube area green areas for sport and recreation, as Timok River Mouth” (Group of authors, dropped drastically. The reasons for well as a small harbour for water sports, 1981). The research is based on the fact present condition have to be investigat- a fish pond, a camping site, observa- that the Danube, together with narrow ed in details. Natural and anthropogen- tion points, restaurants, rest houses and coastal zone and the lakes, represents ic potentials of the Danube River and its other facilities for various forms of tour- the main tourist value. The wider zone banks are of global importance, while ism. features only as an additional tourist the present tourist activity is on local or, The plan from 1979 divides the area value. The main direction of tourist de- at best, regional level. into a coastal zone, running along the velopment on the river Danube, down- Danube, and a mountain zone in the stream from Belgrade, should be a tour- References surroundings. Those two zones are com- ist fleet – a basic condition for sailing plementary and are both important in tourism and other water activities. Stanković, M. S. (1975): Turistička valori- forming a unique tourist offer. The coast- The program includes zones that are zacija veštačkih jezera Srbije. Posebna al zone is very attractive for tourists. important for the activation of tourism izdanja Srpskog geografskog društ- The interesting localities are those in in the area. The city of Belgrade, with va, knjiga 41, Beograd. the Djerdap National Park, in sector Mi- Zemun and the city sector of the Sava Stanković, M. S. (1989): Turistički poten- lutinovac - Brza Palanka - Kupuziste and River, has been treated from the view- cijali reka Srbije. Posebna izdanja Srp- sector Mihajlovac - Kusjak in Kljuc and point of big local demand. The authors skog geografskog društva, knjiga 67, in northern part of Negotinska Krajina. have emphasized great tourist possibili- Beograd. In the Djerdap National Park, the most ties of the sector Veliko Gradiste – Donji Stanković, M. S. (1994): Prirodne odlike significant localities are some parts of Milanovac. The zone of Donji Milano- turistički atraktivnih lokacija u Đer­ the gorge, hunting grounds, protected vac was estimated as the most attractive dapu. Zbornik radova Geografskog habitats of certain plant species and lo- one for tourists. The Kladovo zone was fakulteta Univerziteta u Beogradu, calities with archeological sites and his- given the central function. Municipal- knjiga XLIV, Beograd. torical monuments. Centers of tourism ities were described separately in the Stanković, M. S. (1996): Planovi razvoja in this zone are Karatas, Kladovo and study. Apart from describing momen- turizma na Dunavu u Srbiji. Zborn- Mala Vrbica. The mountain zone is less tary state, the authors have presented ik radova “Podunavlje u Srbiji-zaštita, defined than the previous one. The most some perspective possibilities. They con- uređenje, razvoj”. Udruženje urbani- interesting locality is the Vratna Mon- cluded that the factor which limits the sta Srbije, Beograd. astery with the surrounding hunting development of tourism in this area is Grupa autora (1968): Regionalni prostor- ground. the unsolved problem concerning pas- ni plan-turističko područje Dunava. After describing coastal and moun- senger water traffic. Institut za proučavanje turizma, Beo- tain localities in details, taking into The program refers to several interest- grad. consideration natural and anthropogen- ing localities in the Danube sector near Grupa autora (1979): Prostorni plan ic tourist values, the authors conclude Grocka. In the Smederevo municipality, po­dručja posebne namene priobalja with an estimation of prospective tour- the fortress “Smederevski grad” repre- akumulacije Đerdap. “Energoprojekt”, ist turnover and material base. The time sents the biggest tourist value. The plan Beograd. has shown that the expectations con- for this municipality includes building Stojkov, B. (1996): Ka integralnom pro- cerning tourist development were inflat- a small harbor and making a link to stornom planu Podunavlja. Zbornik ed. Thus, the whole project seems to holiday hotel “Jugovo”. Tourist offer of radova “Podunavlje u Srbiji-zaštita, lack scientific basis. It was not realistic Pozarevac is complemented with Kosto- uređenje, razvoj”. Udruženje urbani- to expect that, in the last sector, the aver- lacka Ada and “Ljubicevo” horse farm. sta Srbije, Beograd. age rate of increase of tourists would be In the Veliko Gradiste municipality, the Grupa autora (1966): Uređajna osnova 5% per year (5.4% for overnight stays), main tourist localities are Srebrno jeze- Hidrosistema Dunav-Tisa-Dunav. Za­ that it would be possible to employ 800 ro (the Silver Lake) and the Ram for- vod za urbanizam i komunalno stam- new workers in tourism and build fa- tress. Further downstream, there is a bena pitanja AP Vojvodine, Novi Sad. 31